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Barua S, Hoque M, Adekanmbi F, Kelly P, Jenkins-Moore M, Torchetti MK, Chenoweth K, Wood T, Wang C. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats, USA. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1669-1674. [PMID: 34374631 PMCID: PMC8381919 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1967101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To provide more complete data on SARS-CoV-2 infections in dogs and cats in the U.S., we conducted a serosurvey on convenience serum samples from dogs (n=1336) and cats (n=956) collected from 48 states of the USA in 2020. An ELISA targeting the antibody against nucleocapsid identified eleven positive and two doubtful samples in cats, and five positive and five doubtful samples in dogs. A surrogate neutralization assay detecting antibodies blocking the attachment of the spike protein to ACE2 was positive with three of the ELISA positive and doubtful samples, and one of 463 randomly selected ELISA negative samples. These four positive samples were confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization testing. All were from cats, in New York, Florida, and New Jersey (n=2). The serosurvey results, one of the largest yet completed on dogs and cats globally, support the OIE and CDC positions that currently there is no evidence that pets play a role in the spread of SARS CoV-2 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Monirul Hoque
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Patrick Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kelly Chenoweth
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Theresa Wood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Goryoka GW, Cossaboom CM, Gharpure R, Dawson P, Tansey C, Rossow J, Mrotz V, Rooney J, Torchetti M, Loiacono CM, Killian ML, Jenkins-Moore M, Lim A, Poulsen K, Christensen D, Sweet E, Peterson D, Sangster AL, Young EL, Oakeson KF, Taylor D, Price A, Kiphibane T, Klos R, Konkle D, Bhattacharyya S, Dasu T, Chu VT, Lewis NM, Queen K, Zhang J, Uehara A, Dietrich EA, Tong S, Kirking HL, Doty JB, Murrell LS, Spengler JR, Straily A, Wallace R, Barton Behravesh C. One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases-Utah and Wisconsin, 2020. Viruses 2021; 13:1813. [PMID: 34578394 PMCID: PMC8472995 DOI: 10.3390/v13091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 67% of U.S. households have pets. Limited data are available on SARS-CoV-2 in pets. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets during a COVID-19 household transmission investigation. Pets from households with ≥1 person with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion from April-May 2020. We enrolled 37 dogs and 19 cats from 34 households. All oropharyngeal, nasal, and rectal swabs tested negative by rRT-PCR; one dog's fur swabs (2%) tested positive by rRT-PCR at the first sampling. Among 47 pets with serological results, eight (17%) pets (four dogs, four cats) from 6/30 (20%) households had detectable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. In households with a seropositive pet, the proportion of people with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was greater (median 79%; range: 40-100%) compared to households with no seropositive pet (median 37%; range: 13-100%) (p = 0.01). Thirty-three pets with serologic results had frequent daily contact (≥1 h) with the index patient before the person's COVID-19 diagnosis. Of these 33 pets, 14 (42%) had decreased contact with the index patient after diagnosis and none were seropositive; of the 19 (58%) pets with continued contact, four (21%) were seropositive. Seropositive pets likely acquired infection after contact with people with COVID-19. People with COVID-19 should restrict contact with pets and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace W. Goryoka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Caitlin M. Cossaboom
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Radhika Gharpure
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Patrick Dawson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Cassandra Tansey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - John Rossow
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Victoria Mrotz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jane Rooney
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg B., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Mia Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.T.); (C.M.L.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.)
| | - Christina M. Loiacono
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.T.); (C.M.L.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.)
| | - Mary L. Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.T.); (C.M.L.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.)
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.T.); (C.M.L.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.)
| | - Ailam Lim
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Easterday Ln, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (K.P.); (D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Keith Poulsen
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Easterday Ln, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (K.P.); (D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Dan Christensen
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Easterday Ln, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (K.P.); (D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Emma Sweet
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 445 Easterday Ln, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (K.P.); (D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Dallin Peterson
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA; (D.P.); (A.L.S.); (E.L.Y.); (K.F.O.)
| | - Anna L. Sangster
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA; (D.P.); (A.L.S.); (E.L.Y.); (K.F.O.)
| | - Erin L. Young
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA; (D.P.); (A.L.S.); (E.L.Y.); (K.F.O.)
| | - Kelly F. Oakeson
- Utah Department of Health, 288 N 1460 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA; (D.P.); (A.L.S.); (E.L.Y.); (K.F.O.)
| | - Dean Taylor
- Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, 350 N Redwood Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA; (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Amanda Price
- Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, 350 N Redwood Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA; (D.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Tair Kiphibane
- Salt Lake County Health Department, 788 Woodoak Ln, Murray, UT 84107, USA;
| | - Rachel Klos
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 W Wilson St, Madison, WI 53703, USA;
| | - Darlene Konkle
- Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, 2811 Agriculture Dr, Madison, WI 53718, USA;
| | - Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, 841 N Broadway, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; (S.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Trivikram Dasu
- City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory, 841 N Broadway, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; (S.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Victoria T. Chu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Nathaniel M. Lewis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Krista Queen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Anna Uehara
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Dietrich
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Hannah L. Kirking
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Doty
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Laura S. Murrell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Anne Straily
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Ryan Wallace
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.M.C.); (R.G.); (P.D.); (C.T.); (J.R.); (V.M.); (V.T.C.); (N.M.L.); (K.Q.); (J.Z.); (A.U.); (E.A.D.); (S.T.); (H.L.K.); (J.B.D.); (L.S.M.); (J.R.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (C.B.B.)
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Cossaboom CM, Medley AM, Spengler JR, Kukielka EA, Goryoka GW, Baird T, Bhavsar S, Campbell S, Campbell TS, Christensen D, Condrey JA, Dawson P, Doty JB, Feldpausch A, Gabel J, Jones D, Lim A, Loiacono CM, Jenkins-Moore M, Moore A, Noureddine C, Ortega J, Poulsen K, Rooney JA, Rossow J, Sheppard K, Sweet E, Stoddard R, Tell RM, Wallace RM, Williams C, Barton Behravesh C. Low SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and No Active Infections among Dogs and Cats in Animal Shelters with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Human Cases among Employees. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:898. [PMID: 34571775 PMCID: PMC8467101 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human-to-animal and animal-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been documented; however, investigations into SARS-CoV-2 transmission in congregate animal settings are lacking. We investigated four animal shelters in the United States that had identified animals with exposure to shelter employees with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Of the 96 cats and dogs with specimens collected, only one dog had detectable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies; no animal specimens had detectable viral RNA. These data indicate a low probability of human-to-animal transmission events in cats and dogs in shelter settings with early implementation of infection prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Cossaboom
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Alexandra M. Medley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Esther A. Kukielka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Grace W. Goryoka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Tiffany Baird
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (T.B.); (T.S.C.); (A.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Swity Bhavsar
- Guilford County Animal Services, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA; (S.B.); (C.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Stefanie Campbell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Thomas S. Campbell
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (T.B.); (T.S.C.); (A.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Daniel Christensen
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Jillian A. Condrey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Patrick Dawson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Doty
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Amanda Feldpausch
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (T.B.); (T.S.C.); (A.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Julie Gabel
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (T.B.); (T.S.C.); (A.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Dee Jones
- Alabama Department of Public Health, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Ailam Lim
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Christina M. Loiacono
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.L.); (M.J.-M.); (R.M.T.)
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.L.); (M.J.-M.); (R.M.T.)
| | - Andrea Moore
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Clarissa Noureddine
- Guilford County Animal Services, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA; (S.B.); (C.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Guilford County Animal Services, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA; (S.B.); (C.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Keith Poulsen
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Jane A. Rooney
- United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - John Rossow
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | | | - Emma Sweet
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (A.L.); (K.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Robyn Stoddard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Rachel M. Tell
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.M.L.); (M.J.-M.); (R.M.T.)
| | - Ryan M. Wallace
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Carl Williams
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC 27699, USA;
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (A.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (E.A.K.); (G.W.G.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.); (P.D.); (J.B.D.); (A.M.); (J.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.W.); (C.B.B.)
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4
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Hamer SA, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Zecca IB, Davila E, Auckland LD, Roundy CM, Tang W, Torchetti MK, Killian ML, Jenkins-Moore M, Mozingo K, Akpalu Y, Ghai RR, Spengler JR, Barton Behravesh C, Fischer RSB, Hamer GL. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Viral Isolations among Serially Tested Cats and Dogs in Households with Infected Owners in Texas, USA. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050938. [PMID: 34069453 PMCID: PMC8159091 DOI: 10.3390/v13050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological and epidemiological roles of pets in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for animal and human health, identifying household reservoirs, and predicting the potential enzootic maintenance of the virus. We conducted a longitudinal household transmission study of 76 dogs and cats living with at least one SARS-CoV-2-infected human in Texas and found that 17 pets from 25.6% of 39 households met the national case definition for SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals. This includes three out of seventeen (17.6%) cats and one out of fifty-nine (1.7%) dogs that were positive by RT-PCR and sequencing, with the virus successfully isolated from the respiratory swabs of one cat and one dog. Whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from all four PCR-positive animals were unique variants grouping with genomes circulating among people with COVID-19 in Texas. Re-sampling showed persistence of viral RNA for at least 25 d-post initial test. Additionally, seven out of sixteen (43.8%) cats and seven out of fifty-nine (11.9%) dogs harbored SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies upon initial sampling, with relatively stable or increasing titers over the 2–3 months of follow-up and no evidence of seroreversion. The majority (82.4%) of infected pets were asymptomatic. ‘Reverse zoonotic’ transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected people to animals may occur more frequently than recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Hamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.P.-C.); (I.B.Z.); (E.D.); (L.D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-847-5693
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.P.-C.); (I.B.Z.); (E.D.); (L.D.A.)
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory and Regional Reference Laboratory in the Americas (PAHO/WHO), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Italo B. Zecca
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.P.-C.); (I.B.Z.); (E.D.); (L.D.A.)
| | - Edward Davila
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.P.-C.); (I.B.Z.); (E.D.); (L.D.A.)
| | - Lisa D. Auckland
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.P.-C.); (I.B.Z.); (E.D.); (L.D.A.)
| | - Christopher M. Roundy
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.M.R.); (W.T.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.M.R.); (W.T.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.K.T.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.K.T.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.K.T.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Katie Mozingo
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (M.K.T.); (M.L.K.); (M.J.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Yao Akpalu
- Brazos County Health Department, Bryan, TX 77803, USA;
| | - Ria R. Ghai
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (R.R.G.); (J.R.S.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (R.R.G.); (J.R.S.); (C.B.B.)
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (R.R.G.); (J.R.S.); (C.B.B.)
| | | | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.M.R.); (W.T.); (G.L.H.)
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5
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Hamer SA, Ghai RR, Zecca IB, Auckland LD, Roundy CM, Davila E, Busselman RE, Tang W, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Killian ML, Jenkins-Moore M, Torchetti MK, Robbe Austerman S, Lim A, Akpalu Y, Fischer RSB, Barton Behravesh C, Hamer GL. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern detected in a pet dog and cat after exposure to a person with COVID-19, USA. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1656-1658. [PMID: 33955193 PMCID: PMC8242881 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of a longitudinal household transmission study of pets living with persons with COVID‐19 in Texas, two pets were confirmed to be infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC). The pets were a dog and a cat from the same household, sampled two days after their owner tested positive for COVID‐19. The oral, nasal and fur swabs for both pets tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by qRT‐PCR and consensus whole‐genome sequences from the dog and cat were 100% identical and matched the B.1.1.7 VOC. Virus was isolated from the cat's nasal swab. One month after initial detection of infection, the pets were re‐tested twice at which time only the fur swabs (both pets) and oral swab (dog only) remained positive, and neutralizing antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 were present in both animals. Sneezing by both pets was noted by the owner in the weeks between initial and follow‐up testing. This study documents the first detection of B.1.1.7. in companion animals in the United States, and the first genome recovery and isolation of B.1.1.7 variant of concern globally in any animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hamer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ria R Ghai
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Italo B Zecca
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lisa D Auckland
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Roundy
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Edward Davila
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rachel E Busselman
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory and Regional Reference Laboratory in the Americas (PAHO/WHO), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Ailam Lim
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yao Akpalu
- Brazos County Health Department, Bryan, TX, USA
| | | | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
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6
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Bartlett SL, Diel DG, Wang L, Zec S, Laverack M, Martins M, Caserta LC, Killian ML, Terio K, Olmstead C, Delaney MA, Stokol T, Ivančić M, Jenkins-Moore M, Ingerman K, Teegan T, McCann C, Thomas P, McAloose D, Sykes JM, Calle PP. SARS-COV-2 INFECTION AND LONGITUDINAL FECAL SCREENING IN MALAYAN TIGERS ( PANTHERA TIGRIS JACKSONI), AMUR TIGERS ( PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICA ), AND AFRICAN LIONS ( PANTHERA LEO KRUGERI) AT THE BRONX ZOO, NEW YORK, USA. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 51:733-744. [PMID: 33480553 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the cause of a global pandemic in 2019-2020. In March 2020, New York City became the epicenter in the United States for the pandemic. On 27 March 2020, a Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) at the Bronx Zoo in New York City developed a cough and wheezing with subsequent inappetence. Over the next week, an additional Malayan tiger and two Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in the same building and three lions (Panthera leo krugeri) in a separate building also became ill. The index case was anesthetized for diagnostic workup. Physical examination and bloodwork results were unremarkable. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed a bronchial pattern with peribronchial cuffing and mild lung consolidation with alveolar-interstitial syndrome, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was identified by real-time, reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) on oropharyngeal and nasal swabs and tracheal wash fluid. Cytologic examination of tracheal wash fluid revealed necrosis, and viral RNA was detected in necrotic cells by in situ hybridization, confirming virus-associated tissue damage. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from the tracheal wash fluid of the index case, as well as the feces from one Amur tiger and one lion. Fecal viral RNA shedding was confirmed in all seven clinical cases and an asymptomatic Amur tiger. Respiratory signs abated within 1-5 days for most animals, although they persisted intermittently for 16 days in the index case. Fecal RNA shedding persisted for as long as 35 days beyond cessation of respiratory signs. This case series describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of tigers and lions infected with SARS-CoV-2 and describes the duration of viral RNA fecal shedding in these cases. This report documents the first known natural transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to nondomestic felids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | | | - Melissa Laverack
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Leonardo Cardia Caserta
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Karen Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Colleen Olmstead
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | | | - Taryn Teegan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | | | | | | | - John M Sykes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Paul P Calle
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
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7
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Hamer SA, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Zecca IB, Davila E, Auckland LD, Roundy CM, Tang W, Torchetti M, Killian ML, Jenkins-Moore M, Mozingo K, Akpalu Y, Ghai RR, Spengler JR, Behravesh CB, Fischer RSB, Hamer GL. Natural SARS-CoV-2 infections, including virus isolation, among serially tested cats and dogs in households with confirmed human COVID-19 cases in Texas, USA. bioRxiv 2020:2020.12.08.416339. [PMID: 33330861 PMCID: PMC7743065 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.08.416339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The natural infections and epidemiological roles of household pets in SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not understood. We conducted a longitudinal study of dogs and cats living with at least one SARS-CoV-2 infected human in Texas and found 47.1% of 17 cats and 15.3% of 59 dogs from 25.6% of 39 households were positive for SARS-CoV-2 via RT-PCR and genome sequencing or neutralizing antibodies. Virus was isolated from one cat. The majority (82.4%) of infected pets were asymptomatic. Re-sampling of one infected cat showed persistence of viral RNA at least 32 d-post human diagnosis (25 d-post initial test). Across 15 antibody-positive animals, titers increased (33.3%), decreased (33.3%) or were stable (33.3%) over time. A One Health approach is informative for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, SARS-CoV-2 National Reference Laboratory and Regional Reference Laboratory in Americas (PAHO/WHO), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Italo B. Zecca
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Edward Davila
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa D. Auckland
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | | | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, Texas, USA
| | - Mia Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Katie Mozingo
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS VS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yao Akpalu
- Brazos County Health Department, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ria R. Ghai
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, Texas, USA
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8
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McAloose D, Laverack M, Wang L, Killian ML, Caserta LC, Yuan F, Mitchell PK, Queen K, Mauldin MR, Cronk BD, Bartlett SL, Sykes JM, Zec S, Stokol T, Ingerman K, Delaney MA, Fredrickson R, Ivančić M, Jenkins-Moore M, Mozingo K, Franzen K, Bergeson NH, Goodman L, Wang H, Fang Y, Olmstead C, McCann C, Thomas P, Goodrich E, Elvinger F, Smith DC, Tong S, Slavinski S, Calle PP, Terio K, Torchetti MK, Diel DG. From People to Panthera: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02220-20. [PMID: 33051368 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.213959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has killed millions. Zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which presumably originated from an animal reservoir, has killed more than half a million people around the world and cases continue to rise. In March 2020, New York City was a global epicenter for SARS-CoV-2 infections. During this time, four tigers and three lions at the Bronx Zoo, NY, developed mild, abnormal respiratory signs. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions and/or feces from all seven animals, live virus in three, and colocalized viral RNA with cellular damage in one. We produced nine whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the animals and keepers and identified different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes in the tigers and lions. Epidemiologic and genomic data indicated human-to-tiger transmission. These were the first confirmed cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 animal infections in the United States and the first in nondomestic species in the world. We highlight disease transmission at a nontraditional interface and provide information that contributes to understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission across species.IMPORTANCE The human-animal-environment interface of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important aspect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that requires robust One Health-based investigations. Despite this, few reports describe natural infections in animals or directly link them to human infections using genomic data. In the present study, we describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions in the United States and provide epidemiological and genetic evidence for human-to-animal transmission of the virus. Our data show that tigers and lions were infected with different genotypes of SARS-CoV-2, indicating two independent transmission events to the animals. Importantly, infected animals shed infectious virus in respiratory secretions and feces. A better understanding of the susceptibility of animal species to SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and identify potential reservoirs and sources of infection that are important in both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise McAloose
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Laverack
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Leonardo C Caserta
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Fangfeng Yuan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick K Mitchell
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Krista Queen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Brittany D Cronk
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - John M Sykes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Zec
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen Ingerman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Katie Mozingo
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kerrie Franzen
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Nichole Hines Bergeson
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura Goodman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen Olmstead
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen McCann
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Erin Goodrich
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - François Elvinger
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David C Smith
- New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sally Slavinski
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Paul P Calle
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Karen Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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9
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McAloose D, Laverack M, Wang L, Killian ML, Caserta LC, Yuan F, Mitchell PK, Queen K, Mauldin MR, Cronk BD, Bartlett SL, Sykes JM, Zec S, Stokol T, Ingerman K, Delaney MA, Fredrickson R, Ivančić M, Jenkins-Moore M, Mozingo K, Franzen K, Bergeson NH, Goodman L, Wang H, Fang Y, Olmstead C, McCann C, Thomas P, Goodrich E, Elvinger F, Smith DC, Tong S, Slavinski S, Calle PP, Terio K, Torchetti MK, Diel DG. From People to Panthera: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02220-20. [PMID: 33051368 PMCID: PMC7554670 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02220-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has killed millions. Zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which presumably originated from an animal reservoir, has killed more than half a million people around the world and cases continue to rise. In March 2020, New York City was a global epicenter for SARS-CoV-2 infections. During this time, four tigers and three lions at the Bronx Zoo, NY, developed mild, abnormal respiratory signs. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions and/or feces from all seven animals, live virus in three, and colocalized viral RNA with cellular damage in one. We produced nine whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the animals and keepers and identified different SARS-CoV-2 genotypes in the tigers and lions. Epidemiologic and genomic data indicated human-to-tiger transmission. These were the first confirmed cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 animal infections in the United States and the first in nondomestic species in the world. We highlight disease transmission at a nontraditional interface and provide information that contributes to understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission across species.IMPORTANCE The human-animal-environment interface of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important aspect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that requires robust One Health-based investigations. Despite this, few reports describe natural infections in animals or directly link them to human infections using genomic data. In the present study, we describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions in the United States and provide epidemiological and genetic evidence for human-to-animal transmission of the virus. Our data show that tigers and lions were infected with different genotypes of SARS-CoV-2, indicating two independent transmission events to the animals. Importantly, infected animals shed infectious virus in respiratory secretions and feces. A better understanding of the susceptibility of animal species to SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and identify potential reservoirs and sources of infection that are important in both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise McAloose
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Laverack
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Leonardo C Caserta
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Fangfeng Yuan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick K Mitchell
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Krista Queen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Brittany D Cronk
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - John M Sykes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Zec
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen Ingerman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Katie Mozingo
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kerrie Franzen
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Nichole Hines Bergeson
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura Goodman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen Olmstead
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen McCann
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Erin Goodrich
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - François Elvinger
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David C Smith
- New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sally Slavinski
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Paul P Calle
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Karen Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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10
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Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Gava D, Kutish G, Buysse AS, Vannucci FA, Piñeyro PE, Crossley BM, Schiltz JJ, Jenkins-Moore M, Koster L, Tell R, Schaefer R, Marthaler D, Diel DG. Genetic diversity and evolution of the emerging picornavirus Senecavirus A. J Gen Virol 2019; 101:175-187. [PMID: 31859611 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus that causes vesicular disease (VD) in swine. The virus has been circulating in swine in the United Stated (USA) since at least 1988, however, since 2014 a marked increase in the number of SVA outbreaks has been observed in swine worldwide. The factors that led to the emergence of SVA remain unknown. Evolutionary changes that accumulated in the SVA genome over the years may have contributed to the recent increase in disease incidence. Here we compared full-genome sequences of historical SVA strains (identified before 2010) from the USA and global contemporary SVA strains (identified after 2011). The results from the genetic analysis revealed 6.32 % genetic divergence between historical and contemporary SVA isolates. Selection pressure analysis revealed that the SVA polyprotein is undergoing selection, with four amino acid (aa) residues located in the VP1 (aa 735), 2A (aa 941), 3C (aa 1547) and 3D (aa 1850) coding regions being under positive/diversifying selection. Several aa substitutions were observed in the structural proteins (VP1, VP2 and VP3) of contemporary SVA isolates when compared to historical SVA strains. Some of these aa substitutions led to changes in the surface electrostatic potential of the structural proteins. This work provides important insights into the molecular evolution and epidemiology of SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok R Joshi
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Present address: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kristin A Mohr
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gerald Kutish
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alaire S Buysse
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Fabio A Vannucci
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pablo E Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Beate M Crossley
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John J Schiltz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Leo Koster
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel Tell
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Douglas Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Present address: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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11
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Pulit-Penaloza JA, Simpson N, Yang H, Creager HM, Jones J, Carney P, Belser JA, Yang G, Chang J, Zeng H, Thor S, Jang Y, Killian ML, Jenkins-Moore M, Janas-Martindale A, Dubovi E, Wentworth DE, Stevens J, Tumpey TM, Davis CT, Maines TR. Assessment of Molecular, Antigenic, and Pathological Features of Canine Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses That Emerged in the United States. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:S499-S507. [PMID: 28934454 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A single subtype of canine influenza virus (CIV), A(H3N8), was circulating in the United States until a new subtype, A(H3N2), was detected in Illinois in spring 2015. Since then, this CIV has caused thousands of infections in dogs in multiple states. Methods In this study, genetic and antigenic properties of the new CIV were evaluated. In addition, structural and glycan array binding features of the recombinant hemagglutinin were determined. Replication kinetics in human airway cells and pathogenesis and transmissibility in animal models were also assessed. Results A(H3N2) CIVs maintained molecular and antigenic features related to low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H3N2) viruses and were distinct from A(H3N8) CIVs. The structural and glycan array binding profile confirmed these findings and revealed avian-like receptor-binding specificity. While replication kinetics in human airway epithelial cells was on par with that of seasonal influenza viruses, mild-to-moderate disease was observed in infected mice and ferrets, and the virus was inefficiently transmitted among cohoused ferrets. Conclusions Further adaptation is needed for A(H3N2) CIVs to present a likely threat to humans. However, the potential for coinfection of dogs and possible reassortment of human and other animal influenza A viruses presents an ongoing risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natosha Simpson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hua Yang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah M Creager
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul Carney
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Genyan Yang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessie Chang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hui Zeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharmi Thor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Alicia Janas-Martindale
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Edward Dubovi
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, Stallknecht DE, Goekjian VH, Jenkins-Moore M, Harris SC. First Report of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Isolated from a White-Tailed Deer in the United States. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:398-401. [PMID: 16921883 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2004, tissues were collected from a hunter-killed white-tailed deer in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. Bluetongue virus (BTV) was isolated from the tissues; however, the isolate could not be identified as any of the US domestic serotypes. Subsequent testing by virus neutralization using serotype-specific antiserum tentatively identified the isolate as BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1), which had not previously been found in the United States. Primers were designed based on the sequence of an outer capsid protein gene of a South African BTV-1 strain. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction testing with the BTV-1 primers and product sequencing confirmed the Louisiana isolate as BTV-1. This is the first report of BTV-1 in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Johnson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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13
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Goodell CK, Zhang J, Strait E, Harmon K, Patnayak D, Otterson T, Culhane M, Christopher-Hennings J, Clement T, Leslie-Steen P, Hesse R, Anderson J, Skarbek K, Vincent A, Kitikoon P, Swenson S, Jenkins-Moore M, McGill J, Rauh R, Nelson W, O’Connell C, Shah R, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman JJ. Ring test evaluation of the detection of influenza A virus in swine oral fluids by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. Can J Vet Res 2016; 80:12-20. [PMID: 26733728 PMCID: PMC4686030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The probability of detecting influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid (OF) specimens was calculated for each of 13 assays based on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and 7 assays based on virus isolation (VI). The OF specimens were inoculated with H1N1 or H3N2 IAV and serially diluted 10-fold (10(-1) to 10(-8)). Eight participating laboratories received 180 randomized OF samples (10 replicates × 8 dilutions × 2 IAV subtypes plus 20 IAV-negative samples) and performed the rRT-PCR and VI procedure(s) of their choice. Analysis of the results with a mixed-effect logistic-regression model identified dilution and assay as variables significant (P < 0.0001) for IAV detection in OF by rRT-PCR or VI. Virus subtype was not significant for IAV detection by either rRT-PCR (P = 0.457) or VI (P = 0.101). For rRT-PCR the cycle threshold (Ct) values increased consistently with dilution but varied widely. Therefore, it was not possible to predict VI success on the basis of Ct values. The success of VI was inversely related to the dilution of the sample; the assay was generally unsuccessful at lower virus concentrations. Successful swine health monitoring and disease surveillance require assays with consistent performance, but significant differences in reproducibility were observed among the assays evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey J. Zimmerman
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Jeffrey Zimmerman; telephone: (515) 294-1073; e-mail:
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14
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Ventura A, Gonzalez W, Barrette R, Swenson S, Bracht A, Rowland J, Fabian A, Moran K, Mohamed F, O'Hearn E, Jenkins-Moore M, Toms D, Shaw J, Morales P, Pyburn D, Carrillo C, Mayr G, McIntosh M, Deng M. Virus and Antibody Diagnostics for Swine Samples of the Dominican Republic Collected in Regions Near the Border to Haiti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/425831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola, and reportable transboundary animal diseases have been introduced between the two countries historically. Outbreaks of severe teschovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs began occurring in Haiti in February 2009, and a field and laboratort study in April 2010 indicated that the teschovirus disease is prevalent in many regions in Haiti including areas near the border with DR and that other viral disease agents, including CSF virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and swine influenza virus (SIV), are present in the swine population in these regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the introduction of teschovirus encephalomyelitis from Haiti to DR and to identify the other viral disease agents present in the swine population in regions of DR near the border with Haiti. Six of 7 brains and 6 of 7 spinal cords collected from pigs with central nervous system (CNS) signs were positive in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for PTV. Genome sequencing on the Dominican PTV and phylogenetic analysis on the polyprotein of PTV strains indicate that the sequence of the Dominican PTV is 99.1% identical to the Haitian isolate and closely related to other PTV-1 strains in the world. Among 109 serum samples tested, 65 (59.6%) were positive for antibodies to PCV-2, and 51 (46.8%) were positive for antibodies to CSFV. Fifty-four of the 109 serum samples were tested for antibodies to other agents. Among the 54 samples, 20 (37.0%) were seropositive to PTV-1, 17 (31.5%) tested seropositive to SIV H3N2, 12 (22.2%) were seropositive to SIV H1N1, and 1 (1.9%) was seropositive to PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ventura
- Ministry of Agriculture, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - W. Gonzalez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - R. Barrette
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - S. Swenson
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - A. Bracht
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - J. Rowland
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - A. Fabian
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - K. Moran
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - F. Mohamed
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - E. O'Hearn
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | | | - D. Toms
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - J. Shaw
- USDA, APHIS, IS, US Embassy, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - P. Morales
- USDA, APHIS, IS, US Embassy, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - D. Pyburn
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - C. Carrillo
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - G. Mayr
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - M. McIntosh
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - M. Deng
- USDA, APHIS, VS, NVSL, FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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15
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Clavijo A, Nikooienejad A, Esfahani MS, Metz RP, Schwartz S, Atashpaz-Gargari E, Deliberto TJ, Lutman MW, Pedersen K, Bazan LR, Koster LG, Jenkins-Moore M, Swenson SL, Zhang M, Beckham T, Johnson CD, Bounpheng M. Identification and analysis of the first 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus from U.S. feral swine. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:327-35. [PMID: 22978260 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The first case of pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) virus in feral swine in the United States was identified in Texas through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services' surveillance program. Two samples were identified as pandemic influenza by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Full-genome Sanger sequencing of all eight influenza segments was performed. In addition, Illumina deep sequencing of the original diagnostic samples and their respective virus isolation cultures were performed to assess the feasibility of using an unbiased whole-genome linear target amplification method and multiple sample sequencing in a single Illumina GAIIx lane. Identical sequences were obtained using both techniques. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all gene segments belonged to the pH1N1 (2009) lineage. In conclusion, we have identified the first pH1N1 isolate in feral swine in the United States and have demonstrated the use of an easy unbiased linear amplification method for deep sequencing of multiple samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clavijo
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA.
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16
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Deng MY, Millien M, Jacques-Simon R, Flanagan JK, Bracht AJ, Carrillo C, Barrette RW, Fabian A, Mohamed F, Moran K, Rowland J, Swenson SL, Jenkins-Moore M, Koster L, Thomsen BV, Mayr G, Pyburn D, Morales P, Shaw J, Burrage T, White W, McIntosh MT, Metwally S. Diagnosis of Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis in the Republic of Haiti. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:671-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712445769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Y. Deng
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Max Millien
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Rodney Jacques-Simon
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - J. Keith Flanagan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Alexa J. Bracht
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Consuelo Carrillo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Roger W. Barrette
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Andrew Fabian
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Fawzi Mohamed
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Karen Moran
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Jessica Rowland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Sabrina L. Swenson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Leo Koster
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Bruce V. Thomsen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Gregory Mayr
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Dave Pyburn
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Paula Morales
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - John Shaw
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Thomas Burrage
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - William White
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Michael T. McIntosh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
| | - Samia Metwally
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Deng, Bracht, Carrillo, Barrette, Fabian, Mohamed, Moran, Rowland, Mayr, McIntosh, Metwally)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security (Burrage, White)
- Greenport, NY; Animal Heath and Production, Ministry of Agriculture (Millien, Jacques-Simon), Institute of International Cooperation in Agriculture (Flanagan)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti; USDA, APHIS, VS, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA (Swenson, Jenkins-Moore, Koster, Thomsen)
- USDA, APHIS, VS, Swine Health Program, Des Moines, IA (Pyburn)
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17
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Swenson SL, Koster LG, Jenkins-Moore M, Killian ML, DeBess EE, Baker RJ, Mulrooney D, Weiss R, Galeota J, Bredthauer A. Natural cases of 2009 pandemic H1N1 Influenza A virus in pet ferrets. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:784-8. [PMID: 20807944 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory swab samples were collected from 5 pet ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) exhibiting influenza-like illness. The ferrets represented 3 households in 2 states. In each case, the owners reported influenza-like illness in themselves or family members prior to the onset of a similar illness in the ferrets. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays designed for the detection of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus were conducted in the state animal health laboratories. The assays included detection of the matrix gene of Influenza A virus and neuraminidase gene specific for 2009 H1N1 virus. Samples were positive for both screening assays. The samples were confirmed positive by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The history of illness in family members prior to illness in the ferrets suggests that Influenza A virus was transmitted from humans to the ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Swenson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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18
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Sponseller BA, Strait E, Jergens A, Trujillo J, Harmon K, Koster L, Jenkins-Moore M, Killian M, Swenson S, Bender H, Waller K, Miles K, Pearce T, Yoon KJ, Nara P. Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in domestic cat. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:534-7. [PMID: 20202440 PMCID: PMC3322044 DOI: 10.3201/eid1603.091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus continues to rapidly spread worldwide. In 2009, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection in a domestic cat from Iowa was diagnosed by a novel PCR assay that distinguishes between Eurasian and North American pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus matrix genes. Human-to-cat transmission is presumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Sponseller
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1248, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Retinoids bind to nuclear receptors [retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors]. RARbeta, one of three isoforms of RARs (alpha, beta, and gamma), is expressed in the fetal and adult lung. We hypothesized that RARbeta plays a role in alveolarization. Using morphometric analysis, we determined that there was a significant increase in the volume density of airspace in the alveolar region of the lung at 28, 42, and 56 d postnatal age in RARbeta null mice when compared with wild-type controls. The mean cord length of the respiratory airspaces was increased in RARbeta null animals at 42 d postnatal age. Respiratory gas-exchange surface area per unit lung volume was significantly decreased in RARbeta null animals at 28, 42, and 56 d postnatal age. In addition, alveolar ducts tended to comprise a greater proportion of the lung airspaces in the RARbeta null mice. The RARbeta null mice also had impaired respiratory function when compared with wild-type control mice. There was no effect of RARbeta gene deletion on lung platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor alpha mRNA levels in postnatal lung tissue at several postnatal ages. However PDGF-A protein levels were significantly lower in the RARbeta null mice than in wild-type controls. Thus, deletion of the RARbeta gene impairs the formation of the distal airspaces during the postnatal phase of lung maturation in mice via a pathway that may involve PDGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Snyder
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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20
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McGowan S, Jackson SK, Jenkins-Moore M, Dai HH, Chambon P, Snyder JM. Mice bearing deletions of retinoic acid receptors demonstrate reduced lung elastin and alveolar numbers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 23:162-7. [PMID: 10919981 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.23.2.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, including rats and mice, the development of pulmonary alveolar septa is primarily limited to late gestation and the early periods of postnatal life. Before this time, the rat lung contains a relatively large supply of endogenous retinyl ester that, together with its metabolite retinoic acid, has been shown to increase elastin gene expression and the number of alveoli. We have hypothesized that mice bearing a deletion of one or more genes encoding for retinoic acid receptors (which are DNA binding proteins that alter transcription of retinoic acid-responsive genes) may demonstrate abnormalities in retinoid-mediated alveolar formation. Our studies demonstrate that the absence of the retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARgamma) is associated with a decrease in the steady-state level of tropoelastin messenger RNA in a subpopulation of lung fibroblasts at Postnatal Day 12. RARgamma gene deletion also resulted in a decrease in whole lung elastic tissue and alveolar number, and an increase in mean cord length of alveoli (L(m)) at Postnatal Day 28. The additional deletion of one retinoid X receptor (RXR)alpha allele resulted in a decrease in alveolar surface area and alveolar number, and an increase in L (m). These data indicate that RARgamma is required for the formation of normal alveoli and alveolar elastic fibers in the mouse, and that RAR/RXR heterodimers are involved in alveolar morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGowan
- Departments of Veterans Affairs Research Service, Internal Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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