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Chen SC, Yeung WF, Cheng HL, Li MH, Ho YS. Views of Hong Kong Chinese medicine practitioners on the application of the "Chinese Medicine Anti-epidemic Plans" prepared by the Chinese medicine expert group of central authorities: a focus group study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:184. [PMID: 38704524 PMCID: PMC11069236 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drawing on the extensive utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to combat COVID-19 in Mainland China, experts designed a series of TCM anti-epidemic strategies. This study aims to understand Hong Kong CM practitioners' application of and opinions on the "Chinese Medicine Anti-epidemic Plans." METHODS Online focus group interviews were conducted, and purposive sampling was employed to invite 22 CM practitioners to voluntarily participate in three interview sessions. The interviews were audio recorded, then transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using template analysis. RESULTS Three themes were derived: (1) facilitators of the "Chinese Medicine Anti-epidemic Plans," (2) barriers of the "Chinese Medicine Anti-epidemic Plans," and (3) expectations on improving the "Chinese Medicine Anti-epidemic Plans." The participants could obtain relevant information from various sources, which highlights the value of the plans for TCM medicinal cuisine and non-pharmacologic therapies and guiding junior CM practitioners, supplementing Western medicine interventions, and managing Chinese herb reserves in clinics. However, the barriers included the lack of a specialized platform for timely information release, defective plan content, limited reference value to experienced CM practitioners, and lack of applicability to Hong Kong. The expectations of the CM practitioners for improving the plans were identified based on the barriers. CONCLUSIONS To enhance the implementation of the anti-epidemic plans, CM practitioners in Hong Kong expect to utilize a specific CM platform and refine the plans to ensure that they are realistic, focused, comprehensive, and tailored to the local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Cheng Chen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Lin Cheng
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Ho Li
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Yeung WF, Chen SC, Cheung DST, Wong CKH, Chong TC, Ho YS, Suen LKP, Ho LM, Lao L. Self-Administered Acupressure for Probable Knee Osteoarthritis in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e245830. [PMID: 38639940 PMCID: PMC11031685 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The effects of self-administered acupressure (SAA) on knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain remain unclear. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of SAA taught via a short training course on reducing knee OA pain in middle-aged and older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted among community-dwelling individuals in Hong Kong who were aged 50 years or older with probable knee OA from September 2019 to May 2022. Interventions The intervention included 2 training sessions for SAA with a brief knee health education (KHE) session, in which participants practiced acupressure twice daily for 12 weeks. The control group (KHE only) received only education about maintaining knee health on the same schedule and duration. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score at 12 weeks. Other outcomes included Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D), Timed Up and Go, and Fast Gait Speed tests. Results A total of 314 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.7 [4.5] years; 246 [78.3%] female; mean [SD] knee pain duration, 7.3 [7.6] years) were randomized into intervention and KHE-only groups (each 157). At week 12, compared with the KHE-only group, the intervention group had a significantly greater reduction in NRS pain score (mean difference [MD], -0.54 points; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.10 points; P = .02) and higher enhancement in SF-6D utility score (MD, 0.03 points; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.01 points; P = .03) but did not have significant differences in other outcome measures. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve demonstrated a greater than 90% probability that the intervention is cost-effective at a willingness to pay threshold of 1 GDP per capita. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, SAA with a brief KHE program was efficacious and cost-effective in relieving knee pain and improving mobility in middle-aged and older adults with probable knee OA. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04191837.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Chen
- School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Denise Shuk Ting Cheung
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carlos King-Ho Wong
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Dynamics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Lai Ming Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- Virginia University of Integrative Medicine, Vienna, Virginia
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Cheung T, Li TMH, Lam JYT, Fong KH, Chiu LY, Ho YS, Tse ACY, Li CT, Cheng CPW, Beisteiner R. Effects of transcranial pulse stimulation on autism spectrum disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad226. [PMID: 37701816 PMCID: PMC10493640 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial pulse stimulation has been proven effective to improve cognition, memory and depressive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, but supporting evidence on other neurological diseases or neuropsychiatric disorders remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial pulse stimulation on the right temporoparietal junction, which is a key node for social cognition for autism spectrum disorder, and to examine the association between transcranial pulse stimulation and executive and social functions. This double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial included 32 participants (27 males), aged 12-17 years with autism spectrum disorder. All eligible participants were randomized into either the verum or sham transcranial pulse stimulation group, on a 1:1 ratio, based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale screening score. Sixteen participants received six verum transcranial pulse stimulation sessions (energy level: 0.2-0.25 mJ/mm2; pulse frequency: 2.5-4.0 Hz, 800 pulse/session) in 2 weeks on alternate days. The remaining 16 participants received sham transcranial pulse stimulation. The primary outcome measure included Childhood Autism Rating Scale score changes, evaluated by parents, from baseline to 3-month follow-ups. Secondary outcomes included a self-reported questionnaire responded to by parents and cognitive tests responded to by participants. A licensed mental health professional evaluated clinical global impression severity, improvement, efficacy and total score. Results revealed significant interactions in Childhood Autism Rating Scale and other secondary outcomes. Significant group and time effects were found in most secondary outcomes. Additionally, significant differences were found between the transcranial pulse stimulation and sham transcranial pulse stimulation groups in Childhood Autism Rating Scale and clinical global impression improvement and total score immediately after 2 weeks of transcranial pulse stimulation intervention (all P < 0.05), and effects were sustainable at 1- and 3-month follow-up, compared with baseline. The effect size of Childhood Autism Rating Scale (d = 0.83-0.95) and clinical global impression improvement (d = 4.12-4.37) were large to medium immediately after intervention and sustained at 1-month post-stimulation; however, the effects were reduced to small at 3-month post-stimulation (d = 2.31). These findings indicated that transcranial pulse stimulation over right temporoparietal junction was effective to reduce the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, as evidenced by a 24% reduction in the total Childhood Autism Rating Scale score in the verum transcranial pulse stimulation group. Additionally, the clinical global impression total score was reduced by 53.7% in the verum transcranial pulse stimulation group at a 3-month follow-up, compared with the baseline. Participants in the verum transcranial pulse stimulation group had shown substantial improvement at 1- and 3-month follow-ups, compared with baseline, although some of the neuropsychological test results were deemed statistically insignificant. Future replication of this study should include a larger sample derived from multi-nations to determine transcranial pulse stimulation as an alternative top-on treatment option in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim Man Ho Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan Hin Fong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lok Yi Chiu
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Roland Beisteiner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
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Cheung T, Lam JYT, Fong KH, Ho YS, Ho A, Cheng CPW, Sittlington J, Xiang YT, Li TMH. The Effectiveness of Electrical Vestibular Stimulation (VeNS) on Symptoms of Anxiety: Study Protocol of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4218. [PMID: 36901227 PMCID: PMC10002296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety is increasing, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. A home use transdermal neurostimulation device might help to minimize the severity of anxiety disorder. To the best of our knowledge, there is no clinical trial using transdermal neurostimulation to treat individuals with symptoms of anxiety in Asia. This gives us the impetus to execute the first study which aims at evaluating the efficacy of Electrical Vestibular Stimulation (VeNS) on anxiety in Hong Kong. This study proposes a two-armed, double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial including the active VeNS and sham VeNS group. Both groups will be measured at baseline (T1), immediately after the intervention (T2), and at the 1-month (T3) and 3-month follow-up (T4). A total of 66 community-dwelling adults aged 18 to 60 with anxiety symptoms will be recruited in this study. All subjects will be computer randomised into either the active VeNS group or the sham VeNS group in a 1:1 ratio. All subjects in each group will receive twenty 30 min VeNS sessions during weekdays, which will be completed in a 4-week period. Baseline measurements and post-VeNS evaluation of the psychological outcomes (i.e., anxiety, insomnia, and quality of life) will also be conducted on all participants. The 1-month and 3-month follow-up period will be used to assess the long-term sustainability of the VeNS intervention. For statistical analysis, ANOVA with repeated measures will be used to analyze data. Missing data were managed with multiple mutations. The level of significance will be set to p < 0.05. Results of this study will be used to determine whether this VeNS device can be considered as a self-help technological device to reduce perceived anxiety in the general population in the community setting. This clinical Trial was registered with the Clinical Trial government, identifier: NCT04999709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan Hin Fong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Ho
- Integrated Services for Persons with Disabilities, Christian Family Service Centre, Hong Kong SAR, China A
| | | | - Julie Sittlington
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tim Man Ho Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cheung T, Li TMH, Ho YS, Kranz G, Fong KNK, Leung SF, Lam SC, Yeung WF, Lam JYT, Fong KH, Beisteiner R, Xiang YT, Cheng CPW. Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) on Adults with Symptoms of Depression-A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20032333. [PMID: 36767702 PMCID: PMC9915638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a recent development in non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS) that has been proven to be effective in terms of significantly improving Alzheimer patients' cognition, memory, and execution functions. Nonetheless, there is, currently, no trial evaluating the efficacy of TPS on adults with major depression disorder (MDD) nationwide. In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, a 2-week TPS treatment comprising six 30 min TPS sessions were administered to participants. Participants were randomized into either the TPS group or the Waitlist Control (WC) group, stratified by gender and age according to a 1:1 ratio. Our primary outcome was evaluated by the Hamilton depression rating scale-17 (HDRS-17). We recruited 30 participants that were aged between 18 and 54 years, predominantly female (73%), and ethnic Chinese from 1 August to 31 October 2021. Moreover, there was a significant group x time interaction (F(1, 28) = 18.8, p < 0.001). Further, when compared with the WC group, there was a significant reduction in the depressive symptom severity in the TPS group (mean difference = -6.60, p = 0.02, and Cohen's d = -0.93). The results showed a significant intervention effect; in addition, the effect was large and sustainable at the 3-month follow-up. In this trial, it was found that TPS is effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adults with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim Man Ho Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Georg Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth N. K. Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Wing Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan Hin Fong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roland Beisteiner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Cheung T, Ho YS, Fong KH, Lam YTJ, Li MH, Tse ACY, Li CT, Cheng CPW, Beisteiner R. Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial Protocol. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15614. [PMID: 36497688 PMCID: PMC9737330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder in children. The latest non-intrusive brain stimulation (NIBS) technology-transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS)-has been proven effective in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorders and adults with major depressive disorder. Nonetheless, there is so far no robust randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted on adolescents with ASD nationwide. This study proposes a two-armed (verum TPS group vs. sham TPS group), double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Both groups will be measured at four timepoints, namely, baseline (T1), 2 weeks immediately after post-TPS intervention (T2), and at the 1-month (T3) and 3-month (T4) follow-ups. Thirty-four subjects, aged between 12 and 17, diagnosed with ASD will be recruited in this study. All subjects will be computerized randomised into the verum TPS group or the sham TPS group on a 1:1 ratio. All subjects will undertake functional MRI (fMRI) before and after the 2-weeks TPS interventions, which will be completed in 2 weeks' time. This will be the first RCT evaluating the efficacy of TPS adolescents with ASD in Hong Kong. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05408793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- The Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kwan Hin Fong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuen Ting Joyce Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Man Ho Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Roland Beisteiner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Cheung T, Ho YS, Yeung JWF, Leung SF, Fong KNK, Fong T, Kranz GS, Beisteiner R, Cheng CPW. Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) on Young Adults With Symptom of Depression: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Protocol. Front Neurol 2022; 13:861214. [PMID: 35401418 PMCID: PMC8990306 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.861214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been lots of published work examining the association between COVID-19 and mental health, particularly, anxiety and depression in the general populations and disease subpopulations globally. Depression is a debilitating disorder affecting individuals' level of bio-psychological-social functioning across different age groups. Since almost all studies were cross-sectional studies, there seems to be a lack of robust, large-scale, and technological-based interventional studies to restore the general public's optimal psychosocial wellbeing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a relatively new non-intrusive brain stimulation (NIBS) technology, and only a paucity of studies was conducted related to the TPS treatment on older adults with mild neurocognitive disorders. However, there is by far no study conducted on young adults with major depressive disorder nationwide. This gives us the impetus to execute the first nationwide study evaluating the efficacy of TPS on the treatment of depression among young adults in Hong Kong. Methods This study proposes a two-armed single-blinded randomised controlled trial including TPS as an intervention group and a waitlist control group. Both groups will be measured at baseline (T1), immediately after the intervention (T2), and at the 3- month follow-up (T3). Recruitment A total of 30 community-dwelling subjects who are aged 18 and above and diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) will be recruited in this study. All subjects will be computer randomised into either the intervention group or the waitlist control group, balanced by gender and age on a 1:1 ratio. Intervention All subjects in each group will have to undertake functional MRI (fMRI) before and after six 30-min TPS sessions, which will be completed in 2 weeks' time. Outcomes Baseline measurements and post-TPS evaluation of the psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, cognition, anhedonia, and instrumental activities of daily living) will also be conducted on all participants. A 3-month follow-up period will be usedto assess the long-term sustainability of the TPS intervention. For statistical analysis, ANOVA with repeated measures will be used to analyse data. Missing data were managed by multiple mutations. The level of significance will be set to p < 0.05. Significance of the Study Results of this study will be used to inform health policy to determine whether TPS could be considered as a top treatment option for MDD. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05006365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jerry Wing-Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth N. K. Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tommy Fong
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Beisteiner
- Department of Neurology, Functional Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Calvin Pak Wing Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yang L, Chan KL, Yuen JWM, Wong FKY, Han L, Ho HC, Chang KKP, Ho YS, Siu JYM, Tian L, Wong MS. Effects of Urban Green Space on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Biomarkers in Chinese Adults: Panel Study Using Digital Tracking Devices. JMIR Cardio 2021; 5:e31316. [PMID: 34967754 PMCID: PMC8759022 DOI: 10.2196/31316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health benefits of urban green space have been widely reported in the literature; however, the biological mechanisms remain unexplored, and a causal relationship cannot be established between green space exposure and cardiorespiratory health. Objective Our aim was to conduct a panel study using personal tracking devices to continuously collect individual exposure data from healthy Chinese adults aged 50 to 64 years living in Hong Kong. Methods A panel of cardiorespiratory biomarkers was tested each week for a period of 5 consecutive weeks. Data on weekly exposure to green space, air pollution, and the physical activities of individual participants were collected by personal tracking devices. The effects of green space exposure measured by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at buffer zones of 100, 250, and 500 meters on a panel of cardiorespiratory biomarkers were estimated by a generalized linear mixed-effects model, with adjustment for confounding variables of sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to air pollutants and noise, exercise, and nutrient intake. Results A total of 39 participants (mean age 56.4 years, range 50-63 years) were recruited and followed up for 5 consecutive weeks. After adjustment for sex, income, occupation, physical activities, dietary intake, noise, and air pollution, significant negative associations with the NDVI for the 250-meter buffer zone were found in total cholesterol (–21.6% per IQR increase in NDVI, 95% CI –32.7% to –10.6%), low-density lipoprotein (–14.9%, 95% CI –23.4% to –6.4%), glucose (–11.2%, 95% CI –21.9% to –0.5%), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (–41.3%, 95% CI –81.7% to –0.9%). Similar effect estimates were found for the 100-meter and 250-meter buffer zones. After adjustment for multiple testing, the effect estimates of glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were no longer significant. Conclusions The health benefits of green space can be found in some metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Further studies are warranted to establish the causal relationship between green space and cardiorespiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Long Chan
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - John W M Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Frances K Y Wong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lefei Han
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Katherine K P Chang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Yuen-Man Siu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Shah A, Ho YS, Ng KM, Wang M, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RCC. Neuroprotective effects of oxyresveratrol on 6-hydroxydopamine on medial forebrain bundles in a rat model of Parkinson disease: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 7:26-28. [PMID: 33229615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Shah
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Y S Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - K M Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
| | - M Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
| | - C Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - R C C Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
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10
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Cheung T, Ho YS, Yuen CS, Lam CS, Chun-Lung So B, Chen SC, Leung DYP, Kwai-Ping Suen L, Tin-Yau So L, Chun-Hei Ho A, Yeung WF. Electromoxibustion for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 41:101254. [PMID: 33190009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromoxibustion devices are commercially available and can be self-administered by patients. Nevertheless, little is known about the effectiveness and potential burn injury of these devices as this topic is under-investigated. OBJECTIVE To assess the preliminary effects and safety of an electromoxibustion (EM) device for improving knee pain and joint functions in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION This was a pilot two-armed assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of electromoxibustion (EM) on older adults with KOA. A total of 38 subjects aged 60 or above, with KOA for 3 months or above were recruited. Participants were randomized to the EM group or the knee health education group. The intervention group (n = 21) received 12 sessions of EM spanning across four weeks, while the control group (n = 17) received two sessions of knee health education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome included the pain severity Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline and week 4. Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF6D), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) and Fast Speed Gait (FSG). RESULTS Both groups showed a decreasing trend in knee pain intensity by NRS at post-intervention. There were also trends of improvement in the WOMAC score, TUG score, FGS test score and SF-6D score at week 4. Only a small between-group effect size (d = 0.13) was found, but medium between-group effects sizes were found in the WOMAC total score (d = 0.40) and WOMAC functional sub-score (d = 0.51). However, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This study suggested that EM may be beneficial for KOA in older adults, particularly in terms of improving knee function. Replication of similar studies in larger RCTs is warranted to confirm the effectiveness of EM on reducing pain and knee function of older adults with KOA. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04034394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chun-Sum Yuen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chun-Sing Lam
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Billy Chun-Lung So
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shu-Cheng Chen
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Doris Y P Leung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | - Larry Tin-Yau So
- Yan Chai Hospital Social Services Department, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Alex Chun-Hei Ho
- Yan Chai Hospital Social Services Department, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wing-Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Poon DC, Ho YS, Lau CF, Chiu K, Chang RC. Oral feeding of minocycline attenuates glial activation and reductions of tau and drebrin in response to systemically injected cytokines. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:16-21. [PMID: 27390005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Ch Poon
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y S Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - C F Lau
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K Chiu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
| | - R Cc Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
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12
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Huo J, Ma Y, Liu JJ, Ho YS, Liu S, Soh LY, Chen S, Xu S, Han W, Hong A, Lim SC, Lam KP. Loss of Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule leads to spontaneous obesity and hepatosteatosis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2091. [PMID: 26866272 PMCID: PMC4849152 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Altered hepatic lipogenesis is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and hepatosteatosis. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia are key drivers of these metabolic imbalances. Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule (FAIM), a ubiquitously expressed antiapoptotic protein, functions as a mediator of Akt signalling. Since Akt acts at a nodal point in insulin signalling, we hypothesize that FAIM may be involved in energy metabolism. In the current study, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and FAIM-knockout (FAIM-KO) male mice were fed with normal chow diet and body weight changes were monitored. Energy expenditure, substrate utilization and physical activities were analysed using a metabolic cage. Liver, pancreas and adipose tissue were subjected to histological examination. Serum glucose and insulin levels and lipid profiles were determined by biochemical assays. Changes in components of the insulin signalling pathway in FAIM-KO mice were examined by immunoblots. We found that FAIM-KO mice developed spontaneous non-hyperphagic obesity accompanied by hepatosteatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. In FAIM-KO liver, lipogenesis was elevated as indicated by increased fatty acid synthesis and SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 activation. Notably, protein expression of insulin receptor beta was markedly reduced in insulin target organs of FAIM-KO mice. Akt phosphorylation was also lower in FAIM-KO liver and adipose tissue as compared with WT controls. In addition, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt2 in response to insulin treatment in isolated FAIM-KO hepatocytes was also markedly attenuated. Altogether, our data indicate that FAIM is a novel regulator of insulin signalling and plays an essential role in energy homoeostasis. These findings may shed light on the pathogenesis of obesity and hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huo
- Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Y Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Ji Nan University, 601 HUANG PO DA DAO XI, Guang Zhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - J-J Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, ALEXANDRA HEALTH PTE LTD, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Y S Ho
- Metabolomics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #02-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - S Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, ALEXANDRA HEALTH PTE LTD, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - L Y Soh
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - S Chen
- Metabolomics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #02-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - S Xu
- Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - W Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - A Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, Ji Nan University, 601 HUANG PO DA DAO XI, Guang Zhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - S C Lim
- Diabetes Center, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, ALEXANDRA HEALTH PTE LTD, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - K-P Lam
- Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive #04-01, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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13
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Jaksa A, Westbrook L, Daniel K, Ho YS. Negative Reimbursement Consequences From Trial Design Choices. Value Health 2014; 17:A581. [PMID: 27201965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jaksa
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | - K Daniel
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Y S Ho
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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Jaksa A, Westbrook L, Rubinstein E, Daniel K, Ho YS. Nice Restrictiveness Compared to the Market Authorization In Oncology And Non-Oncology Reviews. Value Health 2014; 17:A660-A661. [PMID: 27202403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jaksa
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - K Daniel
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Y S Ho
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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15
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Daniel K, Jaksa A, Ho YS. Pricing Additional Benefit in Germany. Value Health 2014; 17:A442. [PMID: 27201187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Daniel
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - A Jaksa
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Y S Ho
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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16
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Jaksa A, Westbrook L, Rubinstein E, Daniel K, Ho YS. Nice Restrictiveness Compared To the Market Authorization. Value Health 2014; 17:A438-A439. [PMID: 27201164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jaksa
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - K Daniel
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Y S Ho
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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17
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Jaksa A, Daniel K, Bergemann R, Ho YS. Is G-Ba Strategically Discounting The Benefit Assessment of Relatively High Cost Drugs? Value Health 2014; 17:A444-A445. [PMID: 27201199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jaksa
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - K Daniel
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Y S Ho
- Context Matters, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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18
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Yik SY, Yu MS, Ho YS, Lai CSW, Cheung YT, So KF, Chang RCC. Neuroprotective effects of minocycline on double-stranded RNA-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:42-44. [PMID: 22311362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Minocycline, memantine,and glycoconjugate were assessed for their ability to protect cultured primary cortical neurons against double-stranded RNA-induced neurotoxicity. 2. Minocycline but not memantine or glycoconjugate protected cultured cells and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yik
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Lin HW, Yu TC, Ho YS. A systemic review of human papillomavirus studies: global publication comparison and research trend analyses from 1993 to 2008. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:133-40. [PMID: 21614898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The term "human papillomavirus" has been used as the keyword during searching titles, abstracts, and keywords based on the online version of Science Citation Index (SCI), Web of Science from 1993 to 2008. Twelve document types were found among the 14,943 papers published in 1,072 journals that were listed in 99 SCI subject categories. All the articles referring to human papillomavirus were assessed by using the following aspects: characteristics of publication output, distribution of output in journals, publication output of source country, source institute, and analysis of word clusters in title, author keywords, and keywords plus. The results have shown that the USA ranked first using five publication indicators including total, single country, international, first author, and corresponding author publications. China has had the sharpest rise of publications since 2004. The top four European countries in 2008 were France, Germany, the UK, and Italy, respectively. Trend studies with word cluster analysis were performed with regards to the areas of immunology, screening methodology, behavioral sciences, economics, and meta-analysis. All those areas have shown a sharp upward rise since 2004. In addition, hypermethylation-induced inactivation of the p16 gene in the early stages of oncogenesis has been getting more interest in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Hasan SH, Singh KK, Prakash O, Talat M, Ho YS. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste 'maize bran'. J Hazard Mater 2008; 152:356-65. [PMID: 17706866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel biosorbent 'maize bran' has been successfully utilized for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, sorbate concentration, pH of the medium and temperature were investigated and maximum uptake of Cr(VI) was 312.52 (mgg(-1)) at pH 2.0, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 200mgL(-1) and temperature of 40 degrees C. Effect of pH showed that maize bran was not only removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution but also reducing toxic Cr(VI) into less toxic Cr(III). The sorption kinetics was tested with first order reversible, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order reaction and it was found that Cr(VI) uptake process followed the pseudo-second order rate expression. Mass transfer of Cr(VI) from bulk to the solid phase (maize bran) was studied at different temperatures. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees and DeltaS degrees have also been evaluated and it has been found that the sorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations for describing sorption equilibrium were applied and it was found that the process was well described by Langmuir isotherm. Desorption studies was also carried out and found that complete desorption of Cr(VI) took place at pH of 9.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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21
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Chiu WT, Lin PW, Chiou HY, Lee WS, Lee CN, Yang YY, Lee HM, Hsieh MS, Hu CJ, Ho YS, Deng WP, Hsu CY. Infrared thermography to mass-screen suspected SARS patients with fever. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005; 17:26-8. [PMID: 16044829 DOI: 10.1177/101053950501700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fever greater than 38 degrees C is a cardinal sign of patients with the severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS). To reduce the risk of nosocomial cross infections, screening all patients and visitors who visit hospitals and clinics for fever at the entrance of every hospital building has become a standard protocol in Taiwan during the SARS epidemic from mid-April to mid-June 2003. We used a digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) system (Telesis Spectrum 9000 MB) to conduct mass screening of patients and visitors who entered the hospital to identify those with fever. The DITI system has two components: a sensor head and a PC imaging workstation. The sensor head is an optic-mechanical device which consists of imagining optics for focusing the infrared source information on the infrared detector. The infrared images are further converted into electrical signals, which are then processed for real-time display on the monitor. During the period from April 13 to May 12 2003, 72,327 outpatients and visitors entered Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 305 febrile patients (0.42%) was detected by infrared thermography. Among them, three probable SARS patients were identified after thorough studies including contact history, laboratory tests and radiology examinations. The findings suggests that infrared thermography was an effective and reliable tool ideal for mass-screening patients with fever in the initial phase of screening for SARS patients at a busy hospital which sees approximately 3,000 outpatients every weekday during the SARS epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital.
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22
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Ho YS. Comment on "Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions by chitin: kinetic and equilibrium studies". Water Res 2004; 38:2962-2965. [PMID: 15223292 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2002] [Revised: 03/15/2003] [Accepted: 03/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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23
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Chiang LL, Kuo CT, Wang CH, Chen TF, Ho YS, Kuo HP, Lin CH. Involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB in lipoteichoic acid-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55:115-23. [PMID: 12625875 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2003.tb02441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression caused by Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid in RAW 264.7 macrophages. A phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor (D-609) and a phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) inhibitor (U-73122) attenuated lipoteichoic acid-induced COX-2 expression, while a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibitor (propranolol) had no effect. Two PKC inhibitors (Go 6976 and Ro 31-8220) and the NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), also attenuated lipoteichoic acid-induced COX-2 expression. Lipoteichoic acid resulted in a decrease in PKC activity in the cytosol and an increase in PKC activity in membranes. The lipoteichoic acid-induced translocation of p65 NF-kappaB from the cytosol to the nucleus was inhibited by D-609, U-73122, Go 6976, Ro 31-8220, and PDTC, but not by propranolol. The results suggested that lipoteichoic acid might have activated PC-PLC and PI-PLC to induce PKC activation, which in turn initiated NF-kappaB activation, and finally induced COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Chiang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang MC, Ho YS, Lee JJ, Kok SH, Hahn LJ, Jeng JH. Prevention of the areca nut extract-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of gingival keratinocytes by vitamin C and thiol compounds. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:258-65. [PMID: 11978548 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are about 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is the major risk factor of oral cancer in India, Taiwan, South Africa and numerous other countries. Areca nut (AN) extract, the main component of BQ, exerts cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to several types of cells. In the present study, AN extract induced the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) of gingival keratinocytes (GK). Vitamin C, at concentration of 50 and 200 microg/ml prevented the AN-induced UDS by 41 and 56%, respectively. Glutathione (GSH, 1-3 mM) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 1-3 mM) also protected the AN-induced UDS by 89-100 and 76-90%. These preventive effects were not due to cytotoxicity as analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Deferoxamine (20 and 30 mM), an iron chelator and a free radical scavenger, also prevented AN extract induced UDS of GK by 30-55%. On the contrary, banthocuproine (50-200 microM, a copper chelator) and 1,10-phenanthroline (50, 100 microM, a lipid permeable iron chelator), lacked preventive effects. Specific reactive oxygen species scavengers such as dimethyl-sulfoxide (2%), mannitol (10-20 mM), dimethylthiourea (10-20 mM), pyruvate (10 mM), catalase (200 and 400 U/ml), and superoxide dismutase (50 and 200 U/ml) also lacked these preventive effects. Moreover, higher concentrations of H(2)O(2) (0.5-1 mM) inhibited the basal levels of UDS by 19-37%. Interestingly, NAC, GSH, Vitamin C and deferoxamine cannot prevent the AN-induced morphological changes of GK at similar concentrations. These results reveal that AN extract-induced UDS of GK is associated with free radical reactions. Possibly different ingredients of AN is responsible for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Vitamin C, GSH and NAC may be potentially used in the future for chemoprevention of BQ chewing related oral mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Team of Biomedical Science, Chang-Gung Institute of Nursing, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
Our previous work in cultured cells has shown that the maintenance of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is essential for cell survival, and that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is able to maintain a threshold level of mitochondrial Ca(2+) by the inhibition of permeability transition. To test whether Bcl-2 also affects the mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange (NCE), a major efflux pathway for mitochondrial Ca(2+), studies using transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 in the heart have been performed. NCE activity was determined as the Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) efflux in the isolated mitochondria. Overexpression of Bcl-2 led to a significant reduction of NCE activity as well as increased resistance to permeability transition in the mitochondria of transgenic heart. This was accompanied by increased matrix Ca(2+) level, enhanced formation of NADH and enhanced oxidation of pyruvate, an NAD(+)-linked substrate. Furthermore, there was induction of cellular Ca(2+) transport proteins including the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger of the sarcolemma (NCX). Bcl-2 not only stimulates NCX expression in the sarcolemma but also attenuates the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange in the mitochondria. These results are consistent with the protection by Bcl-2 against apoptosis in heart following ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Reddy VN, Giblin FJ, Lin LR, Dang L, Unakar NJ, Musch DC, Boyle DL, Takemoto LJ, Ho YS, Knoernschild T, Juenemann A, Lütjen-Drecoll E. Glutathione peroxidase-1 deficiency leads to increased nuclear light scattering, membrane damage, and cataract formation in gene-knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:3247-55. [PMID: 11726630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous in vitro studies with transgenic and gene-knockout mice have shown that lenses with elevated levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1 activity are able to resist the cytotoxic effect of H(2)O(2), compared with normal lenses and lenses from GPX-1-deficient animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of this enzyme in antioxidant mechanisms of lens in vivo by comparing lens changes of gene-knockout mice with age-matched control animals. METHODS In vivo lens changes were monitored by slit lamp biomicroscopy, and enucleated lenses were examined under a stereomicroscope in gene-knockout animals and age-matched control animals ranging in age from 3 weeks to 18 months. Transmission (TEM) and confocal microscopy were performed on different regions of lenses after the mice were killed at various times. RESULTS Slit lamp images showed an increase in nuclear light scattering (NLS) in gene-knockout mice compared with control animals. TEM revealed changes in the nucleus as early as 3 weeks of age by the appearance of waviness of fiber membranes. With increasing age, there was greater distortion of fiber membranes and distension of interfiber space at the apex of fiber cells compared with control mice. The changes in nuclear fiber membranes were even more dramatic, as observed by confocal microscopy, which was performed on thicker sections. In contrast to the changes in the lens nucleus, the morphology of the epithelium and superficial cortex remained unchanged in knockout animals during the same experimental period, consistent with slit lamp observations. Stereomicroscopy of ex vivo lenses demonstrated a significant increase in opacification in gene-knockout mice relative to control animals of the same age. This effect became evident in mice aged 5 to 9.9 months and persisted thereafter in older animals, resulting in mature cataracts after 15 months. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the critical role of GPX-1 in antioxidant defense mechanisms of the lens nucleus. The increased NLS appears to be associated with damage to fiber membranes in the nucleus, which is particularly susceptible to oxidative challenge because of the deficiency of GPX-1. It is suggested that the lens membrane changes in the knockout animals may be due to the formation of lipid peroxides, which serve as substrates for GPX-1. Cataract development in gene-knockout mice appeared to progress from focal opacities, apparent at an earlier age, to lamellar cataracts between 6 and 10 months, and finally to complete opacification in animals older than 15 months. This is the first reported phenotype in GPX-1-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Reddy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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27
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Lin CH, Lin YF, Chang MC, Wu CH, Ho YS, Lee HM. Advanced glycosylation end products induce nitric oxide synthase expression in C6 glioma cells: involvement of a p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism. Life Sci 2001; 69:2503-15. [PMID: 11693258 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is believed to function as an important mediator of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In the present study, we investigated the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs)-induced iNOS expression in C6 glioma cells. AGEs caused a dose-dependent increase of nitrite accumulation in C6 glioma cells. The AGEs-stimulated nitrite production from C6 glioma cells was inhibited by actinomycin D, cyclohexamide, and the NO synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), suggesting that the increase of AGEs-induced nitrite release is due to iNOS up-regulation. Consistently, treatment of C6 glioma cells with AGEs induced iNOS protein expression. AGEs-stimulated nitrite production was inhibited by pretreatment of C6 glioma cells with anti-AGEs antibodies (1:100 or 1:50). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein and tyrphostin), the Ras-farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FPT inhibitor-II), or the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) suppressed AGEs-induced iNOS expression and nitrite release from C6 glioma cells. AGEs activated p38 MAPK in C6 glioma cells, and this effect was blocked by genistein (20 microM), tyrphostin (30 microM), FPT inhibitor-II (20 microM), and SB203580 (10 microM). Taken together, our data suggest that AGEs may activate the pathways of tyrosine kinase and Ras to induce p38 MAPK activation, which in turn induces iNOS expression and NO production in C6 glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Lin CH, Kuan IH, Lee HM, Lee WS, Sheu JR, Ho YS, Wang CH, Kuo HP. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 protein by lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus in human pulmonary epithelial cells: involvement of a nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:543-52. [PMID: 11588108 PMCID: PMC1572984 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. This study investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression caused by lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, in human pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549). 2. LTA caused dose- and time-dependent increases in COX-2 expression and COX activity, and a dose-dependent increase in PGE(2) release in A549 cells. The LTA-induced increases in COX-2 expression and COX activity were markedly inhibited by dexamethasone, actinomycin D or cyclohexamide, but not by polymyxin B, which binds and inactivates endotoxin. 3. The phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor (D-609) and the phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibitor (propranolol) reduced the LTA-induced increases in COX-2 expression and COX activity, while phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C inhibitor (U-73122) had no effect. The PKC inhibitors (Go 6976, Ro 31-8220 and GF 109203X) and NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), also attenuated the LTA-induced increases in COX-2 expression and COX activity. 4. Treatment of A549 cells with LTA caused an increase in PKC activity in the plasma membrane; this stimulatory effect was inhibited by D-609, propranolol, or Go 6976, but not by U-73122. 5. Exposure of A549 cells to LTA caused a translocation of p65 NF-kappaB from the cytosol to the nucleus and a degradation of IkappaB-alpha in the cytosol. Treatment of A549 cells with LTA caused NF-kappaB activation by detecting the formation of NF-kappaB-specific DNA-protein complex in the nucleus; this effect was inhibited by dexamethasone, D-609, propranolol, Go 6976, Ro 31-8220, or PDTC. 6. These results suggest that LTA might activate PC-PLC and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D to induce PKC activation, which in turn initiates NF-kappaB activation, and finally induces COX-2 expression and PGE(2) release in human pulmonary epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Lin SY, Chang YT, Liu JD, Yu CH, Ho YS, Lee YH, Lee WS. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by magnolol in colon and liver cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2001; 32:73-83. [PMID: 11746819 DOI: 10.1002/mc.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol has been reported to have anticancer activity. In this study we found that treatment with 100 microm magnolol induced apoptosis in cultured human hepatoma (Hep G2) and colon cancer (COLO 205) cell lines but not in human untransformed gingival fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Our investigation of apoptosis in Hep G2 cells showed a sequence of associated intracellular events that included (a) increased cytosolic free Ca(2+); (b) increased translocation of cytochrome c (Cyto c) from mitochondria to cytosol; (c) activation of caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9; and (d) downregulation of bcl-2 protein. Pretreatment of the cells with the phospholipase C inhibitor 1-[6-[[(17 beta)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1 H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122) or the intracellular chelator of Ca(2+) 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) inhibited the subsequent magnolol augmentation of [Ca(2+)](i) and also the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, so that the occurrence of apoptosis in those cells was greatly reduced. Pretreatment of the cells with ZB4 (which disrupts the Fas response mechanism) also decreased the subsequent magnolol-induced caspase-8 activation and reduced the occurrence of apoptosis. We interpreted these findings to indicate that the above-listed sequence of intracellular events led to the apoptosis seen in Hep G2 cells and that [Ca(2+)](i), Cyto c, and Fas function as intracellular signals to coordinate those events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Chang MC, Ho YS, Lee PH, Chan CP, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Wang YJ, Jeng JH. Areca nut extract and arecoline induced the cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis of cultured oral KB epithelial cells: association of glutathione, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1527-35. [PMID: 11532876 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.9.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is a major etiologic factor of oral cancer. Areca nut (AN) and arecoline may inhibit the growth of oral mucosal fibroblasts (OMF) and keratinocytes. In this study, AN extract (100-800 microg/ml) and arecoline (20-120 microM) inhibited the growth of oral KB cells by 36-90 and 15-75%, respectively. Exposure to arecoline (> 0.2 mM) for 24 h induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest of OMF and KB cells. Areca nut extract (> 400 microg/ml) also induced G(2)/M arrest of KB cells, being preceded by S-phase arrest at 7-h of exposure. No evident sub-G(0)/G(1) peak was noted. Marked retraction and intracellular vacuoles formation of OMF and KB cells were observed. Glutathione (GSH) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltabetam) and H(2)O(2) production of KB cells were measured by flow cytometry. GSH level [indicated by 5-chloromethyl-fluorescein (CMF) fluorescence] was depleted by 24-h exposure of KB cells to arecoline (0.4-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml), with increasing the percentage of cells in low CMF fluorescence. By contrast, arecoline (0.1-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml) induced decreasing and increasing H(2)O(2) production (by 2',7'-dichloro- fluorescein fluorescence), respectively. Hyperpolarization of Deltabetam (increasing of rhodamine uptake) was noted by 24-h exposure of KB cells to arecoline (0.4-1.2 mM) and AN extract (800-1200 microg/ml). AN extract (100- 1200 microg/ml) and arecoline (0.1-1.2 mM) induced little DNA fragmentation on KB cells within 24 h. These results indicate that AN ingredients are crucial in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral cancer by differentially inducing the dysregulation of cell cycle control, Deltabetam, GSH level and intracellular H(2)O(2) production, these events being not coupled with cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Team of Biomedical Science, Chang-Gung Institute of Nursing, Taiwan
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31
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Bhattacharjee H, Ho YS, Rosen BP. Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the Asna1 gene, a mouse homologue of a bacterial arsenic-translocating ATPase gene. Gene 2001; 272:291-9. [PMID: 11470536 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The plasmid encoded ArsA ATPase in Escherichia coli is the catalytic component of an oxyanion pump that is responsible for resistance to arsenicals and antimonials. Arsenite or antimonite allosterically activates the ArsA ATPase activity. In this paper, we report the cloning and characterization of the mouse homologue (Asna1) of the bacterial arsA gene. The Asna1 gene encodes an open reading frame of 348 amino acids and exhibits 27% identity to the bacterial ArsA protein and 99% similarity to its human counterpart (hASNA-1). The Asna1 mRNA is a approximately 1.3 kb transcript and is present at high levels in kidney and testis, moderate levels in brain, liver, lung and skin, and low levels in heart, small intestine, spleen, stomach, and thymus. A negligible amount of Asna1 transcript is detected in skeletal muscle. We have also characterized the genomic structure of the Asna1 gene. The gene spans over 7 kb and consists of seven exons and six introns. All splice sites conform to the GT-AG rule, except for the splice donor site of intron 4 that is GC instead of GT. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicates that the Asna1 gene is localized in the C3-D1 region of mouse chromosome 8.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arsenite Transporting ATPases
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Exons
- Genes/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Introns
- Ion Pumps
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Abstract
The goal of the present study was to assess whether cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) could generate a chemotactic gradient for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transendothelial migration. Exposure of neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes to A/R induced an oxidant stress in the myocytes. Supernatants obtained from A/R-conditioned myocytes promoted mouse PMN migration across mouse myocardial endothelial cell monolayers. This increase in PMN transendothelial migration could be prevented if catalase or a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist was added to the supernatants before assay. Supernatants from A/R-conditioned myocytes activated endothelial cells by inducing an intracellular oxidant stress. The oxidant stress and PMN transendothelial migration induced by supernatants from A/R-conditioned myocytes were substantially reduced when endothelial cells derived from manganese superoxide dismutase overexpressing mice were used in the assays. Supernatants from A/R-conditioned myocytes also increased endothelial cell surface levels of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Our results indicate that cardiac myocytes exposed to A/R can generate a chemotactic gradient, presumably due to production and release of stable oxidants and PAF. The ability of supernatants from A/R-conditioned myocytes to promote PMN transendothelial migration was largely dependent on induction of an oxidant stress in endothelial cells. In addition, these supernatants also induced a proadhesive phenotype in the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rui
- Vascular Cell Biology Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4G5
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33
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Sheffield PJ, McMullen TW, Li J, Ho YS, Garrard SM, Derewenda U, Derewenda ZS. Preparation and crystal structure of the recombinant alpha(1)/alpha(2) catalytic heterodimer of bovine brain platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase Ib. Protein Eng 2001; 14:513-9. [PMID: 11522926 DOI: 10.1093/protein/14.7.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular form of mammalian platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase found in brain (PAF-AH Ib) is thought to play a critical role in control in neuronal migration during cortex development. This oligomeric complex consists of a homodimer of the 45 kDa (beta) LIS1 protein, the product of the causative gene for type I lissencephaly, and, depending on the developmental stage and species, one of three possible pairs of two homologous approximately 26 kDa alpha-subunits, which harbor all of the catalytic activity. The exact composition of this complex depends on the expression patterns of the alpha(1) and alpha(2) genes, exhibiting tissue specificity and developmental control. All three possible dimers (alpha(1)/alpha(1), alpha(1)/alpha(2) and alpha(2)/alpha(2)) were identified in tissues. The alpha(1)/alpha(2) heterodimer is thought to play an important role in fetal brain. The structure of the alpha(1)/alpha(1) homodimer was solved earlier in our laboratory at 1.7 A. We report here the preparation of recombinant alpha(1)/alpha(2) heterodimers using a specially constructed bi-cistronic expression vector. The approach may be useful in studies of other systems where pure heterodimers of recombinant proteins are required. The alpha(1)/alpha(2) dimer has been crystallized and its structure was solved at 2.1 A resolution by molecular replacement. These results set the stage for a detailed characterization of the PAF-AH Ib complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Sheffield
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22906-0011, USA
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Guo Z, Van Remmen H, Yang H, Chen X, Mele J, Vijg J, Epstein CJ, Ho YS, Richardson A. Changes in expression of antioxidant enzymes affect cell-mediated LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in mouse aortic cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:1131-8. [PMID: 11451741 DOI: 10.1161/hq0701.092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (hSod1Tg(+/0)) or catalase (hCatTg(+/0)) and knockout mice underexpressing manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2(+/)(-)) or glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1(-/-)) were used to study the effect of antioxidant enzymes on cell-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis. Incubation of LDL with mouse aortic segments or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) resulted in a significant increase in LDL oxidation. However, LDL oxidation was significantly reduced when LDL was incubated with aortic segments and SMCs obtained from hSod1Tg(+/0) and hCatTg(+/0) mice compared with those obtained from wild-type mice. In contrast, LDL oxidation was significantly increased when LDL was incubated with aortic segments and SMCs obtained from Sod2(+/)(-) and Gpx1(-/-) mice. CuSO(4)-oxidized LDL increased DNA fragmentation and caspase activities in the primary cultures of mouse aortic SMCs. However, oxLDL-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase activities were reduced 50% in SMCs obtained from hSod1Tg(+/0) and hCatTg(+/0) mice compared with wild-type control mice. In contrast, oxLDL-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase activities were significantly increased in SMCs obtained from Sod2(+/)(-) and Gpx1(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that overexpression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase or catalase reduces cell-mediated LDL oxidation and oxLDL-induced apoptosis, whereas underexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase-1 increases cell-mediated LDL oxidation and oxLDL-induced apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/enzymology
- Apoptosis
- Caspases/metabolism
- Catalase/genetics
- Catalase/metabolism
- Catalase/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Techniques
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Glutathione Peroxidase/physiology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/biosynthesis
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Superoxide Dismutase/physiology
- Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Guo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Wang YJ, Lee CC, Chang WC, Liou HB, Ho YS. Oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats and human hepatoma cell line induced by pentachlorophenol and its major metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone. Toxicol Lett 2001; 122:157-69. [PMID: 11439222 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide used worldwide in industrial and domestic applications. It is used extensively as biocide and wood preservatives. Metabolic studies carried out in rodents and human liver homogenates have indicated that PCP undergoes oxidative dechlorination to form tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ). Free radical catalyzed tissue injury is thought to play a fundamental role in human disease. In the present study, we examined the effects of PCP and TCHQ on the induction of lipid peroxidation and liver injury in rats. In addition, the cytotoxic dose, cell death mechanisms and related gene expressions induced by PCP and TCHQ were also determined for human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). The results indicated that more toxic effects could be observed both in rats and human hepatoma cell line treated with TCHQ than its parent compound, PCP. Oxygen species may be involved in the mechanism of TCHQ intoxication since the urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and AST, ALT activities can be induced by TCHQ and attenuated by vitamin E treatment. Apoptosis features were found in cells treated with TCHQ but not PCP. TCHQ-induced cell damage may issue signals for the induction of HSPs, the decrease of the bcl/bax protein ratio and the decrease of CAS gene, whereas the PCP-induced damage may not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
To test whether the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis and injury of cardiomyocytes after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), we generated a line of transgenic mice that carried a human Bcl-2 transgene under the control of a mouse alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. High levels of human Bcl-2 transcripts and 26-kDa Bcl-2 protein were expressed in the hearts of transgenic mice. Functional recovery of the transgenic hearts significantly improved when they were perfused as Langendorff preparations. This protection was accompanied by a threefold decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from the transgenic hearts. The transgenic mice were subjected to 50 min of ligation of the left descending anterior coronary artery followed by reperfusion. The infarct sizes, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, were significantly smaller in the transgenic mice than in the nontransgenic mice (36.6 +/- 5 vs 69.9 +/- 7.3%, respectively). In hearts subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion, Bcl-2 transgenic hearts had significantly fewer terminal deoxynucleodidyl-transferase nick-end labeling-positive or in situ oligo ligation-positive myocytes and a less prominent DNA fragmentation pattern. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of Bcl-2 renders the heart more resistant to apoptosis and I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Cecile Cox Quillen Laboratory of Geriatrics, James H. Quillen School of Medicine, East Tennessee State University and James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA
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Yoshida T, Maulik N, Ho YS, Alam J, Das DK. H(mox-1) constitutes an adaptive response to effect antioxidant cardioprotection: A study with transgenic mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the Heme oxygenase-1 gene. Circulation 2001; 103:1695-701. [PMID: 11273999 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.12.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (H(mox-1)) has been implicated in protection of cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the physiological role of H(mox-1), a line of heterozygous H(mox-1)-knockout mice was developed by targeted disruption of the mouse H(mox-1) gene. Transgene integration was confirmed and characterized at the protein level. A 40% reduction of H(mox-1) protein occurred in the hearts of H(mox-1)(+/)(-) mice compared with those of wild-type mice. Isolated mouse hearts from H(mox-1)(+/)(-) mice and wild-type controls perfused via the Langendorff mode were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. The H(mox-1)(+/)(-) hearts displayed reduced ventricular recovery, increased creatine kinase release, and increased infarct size compared with those of wild-type controls, indicating that these H(mox-1)(+/)(-) hearts were more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion injury than wild-type controls. These results also suggest that H(mox-1)(+/)(-) hearts are subjected to increased amounts of oxidative stress. Treatment with 2 different antioxidants, Trolox or N:-acetylcysteine, only partially rescued the H(mox-1)(+/)(-) hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Preconditioning, which renders the heart tolerant to subsequent lethal ischemia/reperfusion, failed to adapt the hearts of the H(mox-1)(+/)(-) mice compared with wild-type hearts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that H(mox-1) plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion injury not only by functioning as an intracellular antioxidant but also by inducing its own expression under stressful conditions such as preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA
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Ho YS, Duh JS, Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Liang YC, Lin CH, Tseng CJ, Yu CF, Chen RJ, Lin JK. Griseofulvin potentiates antitumorigenesis effects of nocodazole through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11169965 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest were easily induced by treatment with the oral-antifungal agent, griseofulvin (GF). The mechanisms of GF-induced G2/M arrest were characterized as (a) induction of abnormal mitotic spindle formation, (b) elevation of cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase activity and (c) down-regulation of myt-1 protein expression. On the other hand, caspase 3 activation, Bcl-2 hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of the normal function of Bcl-2 associated with Bax were demonstrated to be the mechanisms of GF-induced apoptosis. DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that combined treatment of GF with the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, nocodazole (ND), strongly potentiates the apoptotic effect and arrest of the G2/M cell cycle in 5 types of human cancer cells, but not in normal human keratinocytes (#76 KhGH). The combined treatment of GF and ND triggered the polymerization of purified tubulin in HT 29 but not in #76 KhGH cells. To further confirm these observations, the therapeutic efficacy was further examined in vivo by treating athymic mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts, with GF (50 mg/kg), ND (5 mg/kg) or GF + ND. Combined treatment of GF and ND significantly enhanced the effect of ND, and led to cessation of tumor growth. These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agents (such as ND) administered in the presence of GF might provide a novel therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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39
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the role of mitochondrial superoxide radical-mediated oxidative damage in seizure-induced neuronal death. Using aconitase inactivation as an index of superoxide production, we found that systemic administration of kainate in rats increased mitochondrial superoxide production in the hippocampus at times preceding neuronal death. 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, an oxidative lesion of DNA, was also increased in the rat hippocampus following kainate administration. Manganese(III) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin, a catalytic antioxidant, inhibited kainate-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine formation and neuronal loss in the rat hippocampus. Kainate-induced increases of mitochondrial superoxide production and hippocampal neuronal loss were attenuated in transgenic mice overexpressing mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2. We propose that these results demonstrate a role for mitochondrial superoxide production in hippocampal pathology produced by kainate seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Liang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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40
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Ho YS, Duh JS, Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Liang YC, Lin CH, Tseng CJ, Yu CF, Chen RJ, Lin JK. Griseofulvin potentiates antitumorigenesis effects of nocodazole through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2001; 91:393-401. [PMID: 11169965 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1070>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest were easily induced by treatment with the oral-antifungal agent, griseofulvin (GF). The mechanisms of GF-induced G2/M arrest were characterized as (a) induction of abnormal mitotic spindle formation, (b) elevation of cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase activity and (c) down-regulation of myt-1 protein expression. On the other hand, caspase 3 activation, Bcl-2 hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of the normal function of Bcl-2 associated with Bax were demonstrated to be the mechanisms of GF-induced apoptosis. DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that combined treatment of GF with the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, nocodazole (ND), strongly potentiates the apoptotic effect and arrest of the G2/M cell cycle in 5 types of human cancer cells, but not in normal human keratinocytes (#76 KhGH). The combined treatment of GF and ND triggered the polymerization of purified tubulin in HT 29 but not in #76 KhGH cells. To further confirm these observations, the therapeutic efficacy was further examined in vivo by treating athymic mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts, with GF (50 mg/kg), ND (5 mg/kg) or GF + ND. Combined treatment of GF and ND significantly enhanced the effect of ND, and led to cessation of tumor growth. These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agents (such as ND) administered in the presence of GF might provide a novel therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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41
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Chen RJ, Lee WS, Liang YC, Lin JK, Wang YJ, Lin CH, Hsieh JY, Chaing CC, Ho YS. Ketoconazole induces G0/G1 arrest in human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 169:132-41. [PMID: 11097865 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.9062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketoconazole is an oral-antifungal agent that has been used worldwide in the treatment of some hormone-dependent human cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that ketoconazole (20 microM) induced various types of human cancer cell growth arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Our results revealed that ketoconazole-induced growth arrest was more profound in COLO 205 and Hep G2 (with wild-type p53) than in HT 29 (p53 His(273) mutant) and Hep 3B (with deleted p53) cells. The protein levels of p53, p21/Cip1, and p27/Kip1 were significantly elevated by ketoconazole (10 microM) treatment in COLO 205 but not in HT 29 cells. The ketoconazole-induced G0/G1 phase arrest in COLO 205 cells was attenuated by p53-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (20 microM) treatment. These results suggested that the p53-associated signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ketoconazole-induced cancer cell growth arrest. By Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that cyclin D3 and CDK4 protein but not other G0/G1 phase regulatory protein levels were decreased by ketoconazole-treatment in both COLO 205 and HT 29 cells. Our study provides the basis of molecular mechanisms for ketoconazole in growth inhibition of human cancer cells and such results may have significant applications for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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42
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Wang YJ, Ho YS, Jeng JH, Su HJ, Lee CC. Different cell death mechanisms and gene expression in human cells induced by pentachlorophenol and its major metabolite, tetrachlorohydroquinone. Chem Biol Interact 2000; 128:173-88. [PMID: 11064002 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its salt are used extensively as biocide and wood preservative. Due to improper disposal, PCP has become an environmental pollutant and is now considered to be ubiquitos. Metabolic studies carried out in rodents or human liver homogenate have indicated that PCP undergoes oxidative dechlorination to form tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ). The cytotoxicity, cell death mechanisms and gene expression of PCP and TCHQ are investigated in human liver and bladder cells and show that TCHQ induces apoptosis and DNA genomic fragmentation in bladder cells but not liver cells. No apoptotic features could be induced by treatment of PCP in both cell lines. The concentrations of PCP required to cause 50% cell death in T-24 and Chang liver cells were 5-10-fold greater than the concentrations of TCHQ. Several gene products are important in controlling the apoptotic and necrotic processes. Of these, hsp 70, CAS, bcl-2 and bax were studied. The expression of the hsp70 gene increased significantly (2-3-fold) in cells treated with TCHQ. However, no significant change was found in the cells treated with PCP. The expression of CAS gene decreased significantly in T-24 cells treated with both TCHQ and PCP. Whereas, no significant change was found in Chang liver cells with the same treatment. In addition, the expression of the bcl-2/bax protein decreased significantly in these two cell lines treated with TCHQ but not PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Road, 70428, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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43
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Abstract
GAF domains are ubiquitous motifs present in cyclic GMP (cGMP)-regulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, certain adenylyl cyclases, the bacterial transcription factor FhlA, and hundreds of other signaling and sensory proteins from all three kingdoms of life. The crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YKG9 protein was determined at 1.9 A resolution. The structure revealed a fold that resembles the PAS domain, another ubiquitous signaling and sensory transducer. YKG9 does not bind cGMP, but the isolated first GAF domain of phosphodiesterase 5 binds with K:(d) = 650 nM. The cGMP binding site of the phosphodiesterase GAF domain was identified by homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, and consists of conserved Arg, Asn, Lys and Asp residues. The structural and binding studies taken together show that the cGMP binding GAF domains form a new class of cyclic nucleotide receptors distinct from the regulatory domains of cyclic nucleotide-regulated protein kinases and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0580, USA
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44
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Abstract
Although a lot of animal models of proteinuria have been established, proposals for the mechanisms of proteinuria are still controversial. In this work, during an 18-day trial, mice injected with a single dose of adriamycin (AD) rapidly showed combined glomerular albuminuria and immunoglobulinuria, progressively elevated levels of nitrite/nitrate in urine, hypercholesterolemia, abnormal renal function, segmentally or globally glomerular hyalinosis/sclerosis associated with tubular atrophy, enhanced glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins and fibrinogen, augmented expression of matrix components in the whole glomerular tuft, and loss of glomerular negative charge property. These laboratory and pathological features are comparatively similar to those of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the advanced state. Juxtamedullary glomeruli appear to be more susceptible to the AD-related nephrotoxicity than those in the superficial renal cortex. A change in size-dependent glomerular permselectivity may precede a charge-dependent defect in glomeruli in this mouse model of proteinuria. Data in this study confirm the hypothesis of glomerular hyperfiltration involved in the pathogenesis of this chronic glomerulopathy associated with proteinuria in mice. In addition, nitric oxide may play a crucial role in the progression of the chronic glomerulopathy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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45
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Chen A, Sheu LF, Chou WY, Ho YS, Lin YF, Lin FG, Lee WH. Involvement of immunopathogenic mechanisms in a spontaneously occurring glomerulopathy in mice. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 78:63-72. [PMID: 9453406 DOI: 10.1159/000044884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice have been found to be susceptible to spontaneous renal localization of immune deposits. However, the significance of these immune deposits is still debated. We investigated the immunopathogenesis of a naturally occurring glomerulopathy associated with progressive proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in 75 BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into five groups of 15 and killed at the age of 1, 3, 6, 12, or 18 months for laboratory and renal pathologic studies. These mice showed persistently increasing serum levels of immune complexes, a marked increase of glomerular immune deposits which were capable of fixing C3, and interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, followed by the occurrence of proteinuria, mesangiopathy, and glomerulosclerosis. Our findings suggest that an immune system mediated process occurred in the kidneys of the mice tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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46
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Holmes S, Abrahamson JA, Al-Mahdi N, Abdel-Meguid SS, Ho YS. Characterization of the in vitro and in vivo activity of monoclonal antibodies to human IL-18. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2000; 19:363-7. [PMID: 11128025 DOI: 10.1089/02724570050198875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 is a cytokine with potent IFN-gamma inducing activities as well as an important mediator of Th1 polarized immune responses. In this study we demonstrated that IL-18 induces the concentration-dependent production of the proinflammatory mediators IFN-gamma, IL-6, and GM-CSF, but not the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 from peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of mitogen. Three neutralizing IL-18 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were investigated, one of which (2C10) inhibited IL-18 bioactivity with an IC50 of 0.1 nM and had a K(D) of 3.9 x 10(-11) M. A NOD/SCID mouse model engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes was developed to test the in vivo efficacy of this MAb. The IFN-gamma production induced by LPS administration was inhibited approximately 90% by prior dosing of MAb 2C10. The therapeutic utility of a high-affinity IL-18 MAb may be of benefit in Th1-driven autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's Disease, where elevated levels of IL-18 have been observed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/immunology
- Interleukin-18/immunology
- Interleukin-18/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neutralization Tests
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holmes
- Department of MCCS, SmithKline Beecham, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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47
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Abstract
Numerous studies indicate a role for oxidative stress in the neuronal degeneration and cell death that occur during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent data suggest that inhibition of the proteasome may be a means by which oxidative stress mediates neuronal cell death. In the current study, the authors demonstrate that there is a time-dependent decrease in proteasome activity, which is not associated with decreased expression of proteasome subunits, after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. To determine the role of oxidative stress in mediating proteasome inhibition, ischemia-reperfusion studies were conducted in mice that either overexpressed the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase [GPX 1(+)], or were devoid of glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX -/-). After ischemia-reperfusion, GPX 1(+) mice displayed decreased infarct size, attenuated neurologic impairment, and reduced levels of proteasome inhibition compared with either GPX -/- or wild type mice. In addition, GPX 1(+) mice displayed lower levels of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteasome subunits after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Together, these data indicate that proteasome inhibition occurs during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and is mediated, at least in part, by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Keller
- Sanders-Bronwn Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0230, USA
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48
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Ohlemiller KK, McFadden SL, Ding DL, Lear PM, Ho YS. Targeted mutation of the gene for cellular glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) increases noise-induced hearing loss in mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2000; 1:243-54. [PMID: 11545230 PMCID: PMC2504546 DOI: 10.1007/s101620010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have been implicated in cochlear injury following loud noise and ototoxins. Genetic mutations that impair antioxidant defenses would be expected to increase cochlear injury following acute insults and to contribute to cumulative injury that presents as age-related hearing loss. We examined whether genetically based deficiency of cellular glutathione peroxidase, a major antioxidant enzyme, increases noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Two-month-old "knockout" mice with a targeted inactivating mutation of the gene coding for glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) and wild type controls were exposed to broadband noise for one hour at 110 dB SPL. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds at test frequencies ranging from 5 to 40 kHz were obtained two and four weeks after exposure to determine the stable permanent component of the hearing loss. Depending on test frequency, (compared with controls) Gpx1 knockout mice showed up to 16 dB higher ABR thresholds prior to noise exposure, and up to 15 dB greater noise-induced hearing loss, compared with normal control. Within the cochlear base, there was also a significant contribution of the knockout to inner and outer hair cell loss, as well as nerve fiber loss. Our results support a link between genetic impairment of antioxidant defenses, vulnerability of the cochlea injury, and cochlear degeneration. Such impairment produces characteristics expected of some mutations associated with age-related hearing loss and offers one possible mechanism for their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Ohlemiller
- Fay and Carl Simons Center for the Biology of Hearing and Deafness, Central Institute for the Deaf, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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49
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Johnson RM, Goyette G, Ravindranath Y, Ho YS. Red cells from glutathione peroxidase-1-deficient mice have nearly normal defenses against exogenous peroxides. Blood 2000; 96:1985-8. [PMID: 10961904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of glutathione peroxidase in red cell anti-oxidant defense was examined using erythrocytes from mice with a genetically engineered disruption of the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GSHPx-1) gene. Because GSHPx-1 is the sole glutathione peroxidase in the erythrocyte, all red cell GSH peroxidase activity was eliminated. Oxidation of hemoglobin and membrane lipids, using the cis-parinaric acid assay, was determined during oxidant challenge from cumene hydroperoxide and H(2)O(2). No difference was detected between wild-type red cells and GSHPx-1-deficient cells, even at high H(2)O(2) exposures. Thus, GSHPx-1 appears to play little or no role in the defense of the erythrocyte against exposure to peroxide. Simultaneous exposure to an H(2)O(2) flux and the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole supported this conclusion. Hemoglobin oxidation occurred only when catalase was depleted. Circulating erythrocytes from the GSHPx-1-deficient mice exhibited a slight reduction in membrane thiols, indicating that high exposure to peroxides might occur naturally in the circulation. (Blood. 2000;96:1985-1988)
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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50
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Jiang D, Akopian G, Ho YS, Walsh JP, Andersen JK. Chronic brain oxidation in a glutathione peroxidase knockout mouse model results in increased resistance to induced epileptic seizures. Exp Neurol 2000; 164:257-68. [PMID: 10915565 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of kainic acid (KA) to rodents results in limbic seizures and subsequent neurodegeneration similar to that observed in certain types of human epilepsy, and it is a commonly used animal model for this disease. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the neuronal injury associated with KA administration. Based on this observation, chronic treatment with antioxidants has been proposed as a possible protective therapy against neuronal damage associated with epileptic seizures. Here we demonstrate by histochemical, electrophysiological, and biochemical means that knockout mice with decreased activity of the protective antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which display elevated basal brain oxidative stress levels, are resistant to KA-induced seizure activity and neurodegeneration. This appears to be a result of decreased NMDA receptor function due to oxidation of its NR1 subunit. This suggests that the chronic use of antioxidants as antiepileptic agents to modulate NMDA-dependent seizure-induced neurodegeneration may be detrimental rather than protective and calls into question their use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jiang
- Division of Neurogerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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