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Perpetuini D, Formenti D, Cardone D, Trecroci A, Rossi A, Di Credico A, Merati G, Alberti G, Di Baldassarre A, Merla A. Can Data-Driven Supervised Machine Learning Approaches Applied to Infrared Thermal Imaging Data Estimate Muscular Activity and Fatigue? Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:832. [PMID: 36679631 PMCID: PMC9863897 DOI: 10.3390/s23020832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is the acquisition, from the skin, of the electrical signal produced by muscle activation. Usually, sEMG is measured through electrodes with electrolytic gel, which often causes skin irritation. Capacitive contactless electrodes have been developed to overcome this limitation. However, contactless EMG devices are still sensitive to motion artifacts and often not comfortable for long monitoring. In this study, a non-invasive contactless method to estimate parameters indicative of muscular activity and fatigue, as they are assessed by EMG, through infrared thermal imaging (IRI) and cross-validated machine learning (ML) approaches is described. Particularly, 10 healthy participants underwent five series of bodyweight squats until exhaustion interspersed by 1 min of rest. During exercising, the vastus medialis activity and its temperature were measured through sEMG and IRI, respectively. The EMG average rectified value (ARV) and the median frequency of the power spectral density (MDF) of each series were estimated through several ML approaches applied to IRI features, obtaining good estimation performances (r = 0.886, p < 0.001 for ARV, and r = 0.661, p < 0.001 for MDF). Although EMG and IRI measure physiological processes of a different nature and are not interchangeable, these results suggest a potential link between skin temperature and muscle activity and fatigue, fostering the employment of contactless methods to deliver metrics of muscular activity in a non-invasive and comfortable manner in sports and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perpetuini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy
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Rossi A, Perri E, Pappalardo L, Cintia P, Alberti G, Norman D, Iaia FM. Wellness Forecasting by External and Internal Workloads in Elite Soccer Players: A Machine Learning Approach. Front Physiol 2022; 13:896928. [PMID: 35784892 PMCID: PMC9240643 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Training for success has increasingly become a balance between maintaining high performance standards and avoiding the negative consequences of accumulated fatigue. The aim of this study is to develop a big data analytics framework to predict players’ wellness according to the external and internal workloads performed in previous days. Such a framework is useful for coaches and staff to simulate the players’ response to scheduled training in order to adapt the training stimulus to the players’ fatigue response. 17 players competing in the Italian championship (Serie A) were recruited for this study. Players’ Global Position System (GPS) data was recorded during each training and match. Moreover, every morning each player has filled in a questionnaire about their perceived wellness (WI) that consists of a 7-point Likert scale for 4 items (fatigue, sleep, stress, and muscle soreness). Finally, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was used to assess the effort performed by the players after each training or match. The main findings of this study are that it is possible to accurately estimate players’ WI considering their workload history as input. The machine learning framework proposed in this study is useful for sports scientists, athletic trainers, and coaches to maximise the periodization of the training based on the physiological requests of a specific period of the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessio Rossi,
| | - Enrico Perri
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Pappalardo
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies (ISTI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Cintia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Darcy Norman
- United States Soccer Federation, Chicago, IL, United States
- Kitman Labs, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F. Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Cavaggioni L, Rossi A, Tosin M, Scurati R, Michielon G, Alberti G, Merati G, Formenti D, Trecroci A. Changes in Upper-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Paralympic Swimmers: Effects of Training Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19095382. [PMID: 35564778 PMCID: PMC9101705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this case series was to evaluate the effectiveness of a dry-land home-training program conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Paralympic swimmers. Previous evidence showed the importance of muscular strength and power training for Paralympic swimmers due to the positive relationship between severity of impairment, swimming technique and biomechanics parameters. Specifically, we aimed to analyze: (i) the effects of a customized training regime conducted pre, during and post restrictions on upper-body muscular strength and power (one repetition maximum, mean propulsive velocity, and mean relative propulsive power) compared to a regular gym-based program; (ii) the associations between mean propulsive velocity and load during two upper body exercises in order to estimate the one repetition maximum. Four elite Paralympic swimmers were retrospectively analyzed in upper-body muscular strength, mean propulsive velocity and mean relative propulsive power in bench press and lat pull-down exercises at three time points: T0 (prior the Lockdown period), T1 (immediately after the Lockdown confinement), T2 (sixteen weeks after returning to gym training). Our findings suggest a very likely decrement in one repetition maximum, mean propulsive velocity, and mean relative propulsive power during the Lockdown period compared with the T0 period with a subsequent very likely increment in one repetition maximum after returning to gym training (T2) compared with the lockdown period (T0). Conversely, mean relative propulsive power showed an unclear improvement in all athletes in T2 compared with T1. These results were also corroborated by the Friedman’s test followed by the Dunn’s pairwise comparison that mainly showed a decrement from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05). At the same time, it appears that muscle strength and power could be rapidly restored close to the pre-lockdown levels following an adequate training program in the gym, albeit without significance (p > 0.05). Finally, the close relationship between mean propulsive velocity and load in bench press and lat pull-down exercises was also confirmed in para swimming, making a possible estimation of one repetition maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Giovanni Michielon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.M.); (D.F.)
- IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
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Bongiovanni T, Rossi A, Trecroci A, Martera G, Iaia FM, Alberti G, Pasta G, Lacome M. Regional Bioelectrical Phase Angle Is More Informative than Whole-Body Phase Angle for Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance: A Pilot Study in Elite Young Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050066. [PMID: 35622475 PMCID: PMC9144460 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between regional and total phase angle (PhA) with lower-body neuromuscular performance in young elite soccer players. Methods: Sixteen elite male soccer players (14.3 ± 1.0 years) participated in this study. Lower (LPhA)- and upper (UPhA)-hemisome PhA together with whole-body PhA (WBPhA) were measured by a bioelectrical-impedance analysis (BIA), while appendicular arm and leg lean soft tissue (ALST and LLST, respectively) were estimated. Urine osmolarity (UOsm) and urine-specific gravity (USG) were also considered. Sprints over 10 m and 20 m and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were employed to evaluate neuromuscular performance. Results: LPhA (p = 0.003) and UOsm (p = 0.012) explained 62% of the variance in the 10 m sprint. UOsm (p = 0.001) and both LPhA (p < 0.001) and WBPhA (p = 0.024) explained 81% of the total variance in the 20 m sprint. The CMJ height was affected by LPhA (p < 0.001) and UOsm (p = 0.024), which overall explained 68% of its variance (p < 0.05), while 93% of the CMJ power variance was explained by LPhA (p < 0.001), ALST (p < 0.001), and WBPhA (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Regional PhA is a relevant and non-invasive tool to monitor lower-body neuromuscular performance in elite youth soccer. Specifically, LPhA may be favored over WBPhA as more informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, 43121 Parma, Italy; (T.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Martera
- Nutrition Department, Spezia Calcio, 19121 La Spezia, Italy;
| | - F. Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department, Parma Calcio 1913, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Mathieu Lacome
- Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, 43121 Parma, Italy; (T.B.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory Sport, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), 75012 Paris, France
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Perpetuini D, Formenti D, Iodice P, Cardone D, Filippini C, Chiarelli AM, Michielon G, Trecroci A, Alberti G, Merla A. Central and Peripheral Thermal Signatures of Brain-Derived Fatigue during Unilateral Resistance Exercise: A Preliminary Study. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11020322. [PMID: 35205188 PMCID: PMC8869276 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatigue is considered a brain-derived emotion that could impact performance during the execution of physical exercises. Infrared thermography is a valuable technique able to measure the psychophysiological state associated with emotions in a contactless manner. The aim of the study is to test the capability of infrared thermography to evaluate the central and peripheral physiological effect of fatigue through facial skin and muscle temperature modulations collected during the execution of a unilateral resistance exercise of the lower limb. Both time- and frequency-domain analyses were performed on the temperature time course of the face and limbs. Particularly, significant correlations between features extracted from the thermal signals and the perceived exertion were found. These findings confirmed the ability of thermal imaging to detect both peripheral and central effects of fatigue in response to physical exercises. These results could foster the employment of infrared thermography to monitor the psychophysiological state of the athletes during training. The possibility to calibrate the training load in accordance with the psychophysiological conditions could improve the performance of the athletes during the training process and competitions. Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) allows to evaluate the psychophysiological state associated with emotions from facial temperature modulations. As fatigue is a brain-derived emotion, it is possible to hypothesize that facial temperature could provide information regarding the fatigue related to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of IRT to assess the central and peripheral physiological effect of fatigue by measuring facial skin and muscle temperature modulations in response to a unilateral knee extension exercise until exhaustion. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded at the end of the exercise. Both time- (∆TROI: pre–post exercise temperature variation) and frequency-domain (∆PSD: pre–post exercise power spectral density variation of specific frequency bands) analyses were performed to extract features from regions of interest (ROIs) positioned on the exercised and nonexercised leg, nose tip, and corrugator. The ANOVA-RM revealed a significant difference between ∆TROI (F(1.41,9.81) = 15.14; p = 0.0018), and between ∆PSD of myogenic (F(1.34,9.39) = 15.20; p = 0.0021) and neurogenic bands (F(1.75,12.26) = 9.96; p = 0.0034) of different ROIs. Moreover, significant correlations between thermal features and RPE were found. These findings suggest that IRT could assess both peripheral and central responses to physical exercise. Its applicability in monitoring the psychophysiological responses to exercise should be further explored
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perpetuini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierpaolo Iodice
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rue Thomas Becket, 76130 Rouen, France;
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Filippini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Maria Chiarelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giovanni Michielon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
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Cavaggioni L, Trecroci A, Formenti D, Courtney R, Dascanio G, Scurati R, Ongaro L, Alberti G. Effects of a nasal breathing protocol on physical fitness and pulmonary function in young basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1368-1374. [PMID: 34821493 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory muscle training has been shown to provide positive effects for both health and performance purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a six-week period of nasal breathing on pulmonary function and cardio-respiratory fitness in young basketball players. METHODS Thirty-four, male, basketball players were enrolled and assigned either to experimental group (EG) or to control group (CG). All participants were tested for Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), Shuttle Sprint Test (SST), Forced Vitality Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF). EG group followed reduced breathing frequency training program focused on intermittent running exercises while performing nasal breathing. RESULTS The main findings were significant interactions in Yo-Yo IR1 test, FVC, FEV1 and PEF (p<0.05) in favour of EG compared to CG. Conversely, no significant changes were detected between EG and CG in the SST total time. CONCLUSIONS Young basketball players may benefit from nasal breathing protocol during their regular training practice leading remarkable improvements in both physical fitness and pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy - .,Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy -
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Dascanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Ongaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Pellegrini E, Boscutti F, Alberti G, Casolo V, Contin M, De Nobili M. Stand age, degree of encroachment and soil characteristics modulate changes of C and N cycles in dry grassland soils invaded by the N 2-fixing shrub Amorpha fruticosa. Sci Total Environ 2021; 792:148295. [PMID: 34147804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The N2-fixing shrub Amorpha fruticosa L. is rapidly spreading in the dry riparian natural grasslands of Europe, altering ecosystem functions and depleting plant diversity. Alteration of the N cycle represents the key factor involved in invasions by N2-fixing plants with cascading effects on plant species richness. We hypothesized that A. fruticosa encroachment strongly impacts not only the N but also the C cycle and that the magnitude of such alterations may be modulated by soil characteristics. To test these hypotheses, we selected four river floodplains in North East of Italy and compared natural uninvaded grasslands with half invaded and completely invaded sites, based on A. fruticosa stand characteristic and relevant leaf traits and on soil properties related to soil texture and to C and N cycles. Soil organic matter mineralisation, ammonification and nitrification rates were determined. Soil nitrification increased remarkably with plant invasion while ammonification was significantly higher only in half invaded sites. Soil organic matter mineralisation, microbial biomass C sustained per soil organic C unit and nitrification positively correlated with stand age, regardless to the stage of the encroachment. Mineralisation and nitrification increased with soil organic C and total N in uninvaded and completely invaded sites, but decreased in half invaded sites. At the half invasion stage, trends in nitrification and CO2 mineralisation were transitionally reverted and remediation may be facilitated by less pronounced changes in soil properties compared to completely invaded sites. Direct effects of plant invasion are modulated by the action of soil characteristics such as soil organic C and clay contents, with soils rich in organic C showing larger nitrification and mineralisation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pellegrini
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, København Ø, Denmark; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - F Boscutti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - G Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - V Casolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M Contin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M De Nobili
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Bongiovanni T, Rossi A, Iaia FM, Alberti G, Pasta G, Trecroci A. Association of phase angle and appendicular upper and lower body lean soft tissue with physical performance in young elite soccer players: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1015-1022. [PMID: 34546027 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In soccer, a better understanding of the bioimpedance parameters with physical performance may be useful to efficiently monitor and interpret players' performance variation throughout a certain period of the season. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between phase angle (PhA) and arms and legs lean soft tissue (ALST and LLST) with physical performance in young elite soccer players. METHODS Fifteen young male elite soccer players (age = 14.2±1.2 years, BMI = 20.51±1.38 kg/m2) participated in this investigation. Raw bioimpedance parameters (reactance, resistance, and phase angle) were obtained by a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device. Then, ALST and LLST were estimated. All players underwent a physical testing battery including countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m and 20-m sprint, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YoYo IRTL1) in the domains of anaerobic and aerobic performance, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that LST (total, arms and legs) positively correlated with CMJ (0.64 < r < 0.69; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with 10-m (-0.59 < r < -0.63; p < 0.05) and 20-m sprint (-0.67 < r < -0.73; p < 0.001), while PhA positively correlated with CMJ (r = 0.57; p < 0.05) and negatively correlated (r = -0.54; p < 0.05) only with 20-m sprint. No significant association was found between the BIA-related parameters (PhA and LST) and Yo- Yo IRT level 1. CONCLUSIONS The present findings highlight the existing association of PhA and LST with jumping and sprinting performance in young elite soccer players. This result supports the use of BIA-related measures as a simple and practical approach to monitoring anaerobic performance changes, rather than aerobic, over time throughout the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy -
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Trecroci A, Perri E, Lombardi G, Banfi G, Del Vescovo R, Rosa EM, Alberti G, Iaia FM. Perceptual and Biochemical Responses in Relation to Different Match-Day +2 Training Interventions in Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2021; 12:685804. [PMID: 34248672 PMCID: PMC8264547 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of two different post-match training interventions on the subsequent recovery of perceptual and biochemical parameters after the game. In a crossover design, eight sub-elite players underwent a soccer-specific training (SST) and an active recovery (AR) regimen on the second day after a match (+48 h). Muscle soreness as well as muscle damage (creatine kinase, CK), inflammatory (C-reactive protein and interleukin 6), immunological (e.g., lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes), and endocrine (cortisol) markers were obtained at baseline (-72 h), immediately after (0 h), and 72 h post-match (+72 h). AR promoted a higher restoration of muscle soreness values (P = 0.004, η2 p = 0.49) together with a better restoration of CK within 72 h post-match compared with SST (P = 0.04, η2 p = 0.36). Conversely, no significant (P > 0.05, η2 p < 0.91) differences were observed in the recovery timeframe of inflammatory, immunological, and endocrine responses between SST and AR. Overall, AR elicited a quicker muscle soreness and CK restoration compared to SST intervention at 72 h post-match. Such information provides novel evidence-based findings on the appropriateness of different recovery strategies and may aid to improve the practitioners' decision-making process when two consecutive games are played within 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Bongiovanni T, Rossi A, Iaia FM, DI Baldassarre A, Pasta G, Manetti P, Alberti G, Trecroci A. Relationship of regional and whole body morphology to vertical jump in elite soccer players: a data-driven approach. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1162-1169. [PMID: 34080815 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyse the relationship of regional and whole body morphology to vertical jump performance and to compare the morphological features outlining high and low performers in professional soccer players. METHODS Twenty-one male soccer players were recruited. Whole and regional (upper and lower limbs) features were obtained in the form of body dimensional measurements. Then, all players were tested for vertical jump performance. A data-driven approach was used to group players according to their jump performance parameters (high vs low). RESULTS The regional morphological features presented higher correlations with vertical jump than whole body features. High and low performers were significantly different among upperand lower-limb morphology. No differences were observed among whole body features. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that, rather than the whole body, the use of morphological features linked to specific body regions may ensure a better interpretation of the soccer players' physical potential in jump performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Performance and Recovery, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy -
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela DI Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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11
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Formenti D, Rossi A, Bongiovanni T, Campa F, Cavaggioni L, Alberti G, Longo S, Trecroci A. Effects of Non-Sport-Specific Versus Sport-Specific Training on Physical Performance and Perceptual Response in Young Football Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041962. [PMID: 33670481 PMCID: PMC7922881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of non-sport-specific and sport-specific training methods on physical performance and perceptual response in young football players. Seventy-nine under 11 participants were selected and assigned to non-sport-specific (NSSG), sport-specific (SSG), and control (CNTG) groups. The NSSG training protocol consisted of combined stimuli based on balance, agility, and jump rope drills. The SSG training protocol included technical exercises, defensive and offensive game-based drills, and a small-sided game. The CNTG included the participants not taking part in any sport training. All participants were tested for general motor coordination (Harre test), dynamic balance (Lower Quarter Y-balance test), and dribbling before and after 10 weeks of training (NSSG and SSG) or habitual activity (CNTG). At post-intervention, perceived enjoyment was requested by the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). A two-way repeated measure analysis of covariance was used to detect interactions and main effects of time and groups controlling for baseline values. Whereas, a one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate PACES-related differences between groups. NSSG gained greater improvements (p < 0.05) compared with SSG in the Harre and Lower Quarter Y-balance tests, while dribbling skills improved similarly in both groups. Regarding PACES, NSSG and SSG presented a comparable perceived enjoyment. These findings suggest that a 10-week non-sport-specific training is an enjoyable practice capable to promote greater improvements in general motor coordination and dynamic balance compared with sport-specific training in youth football players. This can occur without impairment of football-specific skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (T.B.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (S.L.); (A.T.)
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12
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Pesavento M, Merli D, Biesuz R, Alberti G, Marchetti S, Milanese C. A MIP-based low-cost electrochemical sensor for 2-furaldehyde detection in beverages. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1142:201-210. [PMID: 33280698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in determining the concentration of furanic compounds naturally formed in food aqueous matrices, by in situ, fast and low-cost methods. A sensor presenting such characteristics is here proposed, and characterized. It is based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a receptor with electrochemical transduction on a screen printed cell (SPC). The molecularly imprinted polymer has been developed for a particular furanic derivative, 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL). The detection bases on the reduction of 2-FAL selectively adsorbed on the polymer layer in contact with the working electrode. The polymer layer is simply formed by in situ polymerization, directly over the SPC and it was characterized by IR, SEM and electrochemical methods. Even if based on an easy and fast preparation procedure, the layer sufficiently adheres to the cell surface giving a reusable sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied as the signal acquisition method. The sensor performance in aqueous solution (NaCl 0.1 M) was tested, obtaining that the dose-response curve is fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The sensitivity, and so the limit of detection, were noticeably improved by a chemometric approach based on the Design of experiment method. (optimized conditions: Estep = 0.03 V, Epulse = 0.066 V, f = 31 s-1). In water solution at pH around neutrality the dynamic range was from about 50 μM to 20 mM. Similar results were obtained for a white wine containing 12% ethanol, which has been considered as a typical example of beverage possibly containing furhaldehydes. The higher limit of quantification can be modulated by the amount of MIP deposited, while the lower detection limit by the conditions of the electrochemical measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pesavento
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | - D Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - R Biesuz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - G Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - S Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - C Milanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
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13
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Iodice P, Trecroci A, Dian D, Proietti G, Alberti G, Formenti D. Slow-Speed Resistance Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties and Power Production Capacity in Elite Futsal Players. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:8. [PMID: 33345003 PMCID: PMC7739804 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of slow-speed resistance training with low intensity (SRT) on muscle power output in elite futsal players with respect to traditional resistance training. The authors hypothesized that the muscle deoxygenation during SRT causes early recruitment of fast twitch fibers that would positively affect strength and power performance. Thirty male elite futsal players were recruited and randomly assigned either to SRT group or to traditional resistance training (TRT) group. All players underwent an 8-weeks experimental protocol consisting of 2 training sessions per week at both leg curl and leg extension machines. In the SRT, players lifted 50% of one maximum repetition (1RM) involving 3 s for eccentric and concentric actions. In the TRT, players lifted 80% of 1RM involving 1 s for eccentric and concentric actions. All players were tested twice (pre and post) for sprint and jump performances, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) and maximal isokinetic peak torque (Peak TQ) and total work (TW) at 60 and 120°/s (on knee extensors and flexors). The two groups presented remarkable differences in the within-group changes for all the variables. SRT exhibited greater improvements in both Peak TQ and TW for knee extensors and flexors at 120°/s. Conversely, TRT showed greater improvements in MVC, and in both Peak TQ and TW for knee extensors and flexors at 60°/s, except for Peak TQ of the knee extensors, where no significant difference was found between TRT and SRT. Countermovement jump showed a decrease in eccentric time and an increase in concentric force in SRT group. SRT and TRT resulted effective to enhance the strength performance indices during the 8-weeks experimental protocol. Peak torque at 120°/s explained more of the contractile characteristic effects of SRT training than MVC, suggesting that slow-speed training can cause fast twitch fibers hypertrophy in elite athletes. Since slow-speed training is supposed to produce a decreased exercise-induced muscle damage, SRT method is a suitable option in strength training for futsal and team sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Iodice
- CETAPS-EA 3832, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Dian
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Proietti
- CETAPS-EA 3832, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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14
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Trecroci A, Rossi A, Dos'Santos T, Formenti D, Cavaggioni L, Longo S, Iaia FM, Alberti G. Change of direction asymmetry across different age categories in youth soccer. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9486. [PMID: 33194322 PMCID: PMC7391970 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In youth, the development of change of direction (COD) and sprint performance is a key component for successfully competing in soccer across age. During a COD, the presence of directional asymmetries may be detrimental due to the unpredictable nature of the sport. Therefore, the aims of the study were to investigate asymmetries in COD ability and to examine the differences in COD and sprint performance across age in young soccer players. Methods Sixty-eight sub-elite soccer players of different age categories (U18, U17, U16, U15) were tested on a 10-m linear sprint test and 90°COD (5-m entry and exit) test in both directions. Asymmetric index (AI) of COD deficit was obtained for dominant (fastest) and non-dominant directions (slowest). Results The results showed that U16 were more asymmetrical than U18, U17, and U15 from large to moderate effects. The sprint time improved linearly across age with U18 and U15 displaying the fastest and slowest 10-m sprint performance (p < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, COD ability measured by COD deficit did not change across age (p > 0.05). Conclusion Given the results of this study, practitioners are encouraged to assess asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant directions rather than solely players’ COD ability in young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Duca M, Trecroci A, Perri E, Formenti D, Alberti G. Kinematics and Kinetics of Bulgarian-Bag-Overloaded Sprints in Young Athletes. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110282. [PMID: 33203073 PMCID: PMC7696270 DOI: 10.3390/life10110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective sprinting requires large acceleration capabilities. To accelerate, large amount of force must be produced and applied effectively. The use of different implements such as sleds and vests can increase the amount of force produced and alter sprinting effectiveness. We propose the use of increasing overload via the Bulgarian Bag (BB) as a means to modify athletes’ sprint and acutely increase force and power production. Methods: 24 young athletes performed three sprints over 20 m in three different conditions: unloaded (BW) and loaded with BB weighing 2.5% (BB2.5) and 5% (BB5) of the athlete’s body mass. Sprint times at 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m were acquired and used to compute the force–velocity relationship for the sprints. Maximal velocity (V0), peak force (F0), peak power (PP), and decrease in ratio of force (DRF) were computed. Results: the additional load caused a decrease in sprint times (p < 0.05) and V0 (p = 0.028), conversely no differences were found for F0 (p = 0.21), PP (p = 0.50), and DRF (p = 0.83). Conclusions: Based on those findings, BB can be an alternative method to effectively overload sprint training toward improving sprinting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (E.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (E.P.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrico Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (E.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (E.P.); (G.A.)
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Campa F, Bongiovanni T, Matias CN, Genovesi F, Trecroci A, Rossi A, Iaia FM, Alberti G, Pasta G, Toselli S. A New Strategy to Integrate Heath-Carter Somatotype Assessment with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Elite Soccer Player. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E142. [PMID: 33121135 PMCID: PMC7694105 DOI: 10.3390/sports8110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Easy-to-apply and quick methods for evaluate body composition are often preferred when assessing soccer teams. This study aimed to develop new equations for the somatotype quantification that would reduce the anthropometric measurements required by the Heath and Carter method, integrating the somatotype assessment to the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). One hundred and seventy-six male elite soccer players (age 26.9 ± 4.5 years), registered in the Italian first division (Serie A), underwent anthropometric measurements and BIA. Endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy were obtained according to the Heath and Carter method, while fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) estimated using a BIA-derived equation specific for athletes. The participants were randomly split into development (n = 117) and validation groups (n = 59, 1/3 of sample). The developed models including resistance2/stature, FM%, FFM, contracted arm and calf circumference, triceps, and supraspinal skinfolds had high predictive ability for endomorphy (R2 = 0.83, Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) = 0.16) mesomorphy (R2 = 0.80, SEE = 0.36), and ectomorphy (endomorphy (R2 = 0.87, SEE = 0.22). Cross validation revealed R2 of 0.80, 0.84, 0.87 for endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy, respectively. The proposed strategy allows the integration of somatotype assessment to BIA in soccer players, reducing the number of instruments and measurements required by the Heath and Carter approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Performance and Recovery, Parma Calcio 1913, 40121 Parma, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Catarina N. Matias
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CIPER—Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisboa, Portugal
- Bioperformance & Nutrition Research Unit, Ingrediente Métrico S.A., 2740-262 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Federico Genovesi
- Medical Department Manchester City Football Club, Manchester 03101, UK;
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy;
| | - F. Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.I.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department Parma Calcio 1913, 40121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Trecroci A, Boccolini G, Duca M, Formenti D, Alberti G. Mental fatigue impairs physical activity, technical and decision-making performance during small-sided games. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238461. [PMID: 32903263 PMCID: PMC7480836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental fatigue on physical activity, technical and decision-making performance during small-sided games. Nine sub-elite soccer players were enrolled in the study. The players performed two small-sided games on two occasions within a crossover experimental design. Before each game, they underwent a mental fatiguing task (Stroop task) and a control task (documentary watching) in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Players' physical activity, technical, and decision-making performance were obtained during small-sided games by GPS and video scouting. Results showed that distance in acceleration covered per min, negative passes, passing accuracy, and shot accuracy were likely impaired than control task after a mental fatiguing protocol. Decision-making performance of negative passes, passes accuracy, and dribbling accuracy resulted also likely decreased compared with control task. These findings demonstrated that mental fatigue impacted on technical, GPS-derived, and soccer-specific decision-making performance during SSG. In conclusion, avoiding cognitively demanding tasks before playing soccer-specific activities may be advisable to preserve players' physical activity, technical, and decision-making skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Boccolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Physical Performance & Sport Science Department, Atalanta Bergamasca Calcio, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marco Duca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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18
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Bongiovanni T, Trecroci A, Cavaggioni L, Rossi A, Perri E, Pasta G, Iaia FM, Alberti G. Importance of anthropometric features to predict physical performance in elite youth soccer: a machine learning approach. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:213-224. [PMID: 32835528 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1809410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the contribution of soccer players' anthropometric features to predict their physical performance. Sixteen players, from a professional youth soccer academy, were recruited. Several anthropometric features such as corrected arm muscle area (AMAcorr), arm muscle circumference (AMC) and right and left suprapatellar girths (RSPG and LSPG) were employed in this study. Players' physical performance was assessed by the change of direction (COD), sprint (10-m and 20-m), and vertical jump (CMJ) tests, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1). Using an extra tree regression (ETR) model, the anthropometric features permitted to accurately predict 10-m sprint, 20-m sprint and Yo-Yo IRTL 1 performance (p < 0.05). ETR showed that upper-body features as AMAcorr, and AMC affected 10-m and 20-m sprint performances, while lower-body features as RSPG and LSPG influenced the Yo-Yo IRTL 1 (Overall Gini importance ≥ 0.22). The model predicting COD and CMJ presented a poor level of prediction, suggesting that other factors, rather than anthropometric features, may concur to predict their changes in performance. These findings demonstrated that the upper- and lower-body anthropometric features are strictly related to sprint and aerobic fitness performance in elite youth soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Nutrition, Hydration & Body Composition Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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19
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Formenti D, Cavaggioni L, Duca M, Trecroci A, Rapelli M, Alberti G, Komar J, Iodice P. Acute Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults: Aerobic Versus Balance. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:773-780. [PMID: 32702659 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has suggested that chronic physical activities including balance exercises have positive effects on cognition, but their acute effects are still unknown. In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that an acute bout of balance exercise would enhance cognitive performance compared with aerobic activity. METHODS A total of 20 healthy middle-aged adults completed 2 acute 30-minute balance and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions on 2 counterbalanced separate occasions. To assess cognitive functions, performance tasks in executive control, perceptual speed, and simple reaction time were tested before and immediately after each exercise session. RESULTS Although there were no significant interactions (time × exercise condition, P > .05), the main effects of time were significant in executive control (P < .05), perceptual speed (P < .05), and simple reaction time (P < .001), showing improvements after both exercises. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that both types of exercise (aerobic, more metabolic and less cognitively demanding; balance, more cognitively and less metabolically demanding) were able to positively affect simple reaction time performance, perceptual speed, and executive control independently of physiological adjustments occurring during aerobic or balance exercise.
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20
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Trecroci A, Porcelli S, Perri E, Pedrali M, Rasica L, Alberti G, Longo S, Iaia FM. Effects of Different Training Interventions on the Recovery of Physical and Neuromuscular Performance After a Soccer Match. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2189-2196. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Bongiovanni T, Genovesi F, Nemmer M, Carling C, Alberti G, Howatson G. Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1965-1996. [PMID: 32661771 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the nutritional strategies to treat the signs and symptoms related to EIMD. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based upon the quality and quantity of the scientific support available: (1) interventions with a good level of evidence; (2) interventions with some evidence and require more research; and (3) potential nutritional interventions with little to-no-evidence to support efficacy. METHOD Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were used. The search terms 'EIMD' and 'exercise-induced muscle damage' were individually concatenated with 'supplementation', 'athletes', 'recovery', 'adaptation', 'nutritional strategies', hormesis'. RESULT Supplementation with tart cherries, beetroot, pomegranate, creatine monohydrate and vitamin D appear to provide a prophylactic effect in reducing EIMD. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, and the ingestion of protein, BCAA and milk could represent promising strategies to manage EIMD. Other nutritional interventions were identified but offered limited effect in the treatment of EIMD; however, inconsistencies in the dose and frequency of interventions might account for the lack of consensus regarding their efficacy. CONCLUSION There are clearly varying levels of evidence and practitioners should be mindful to refer to this evidence-base when prescribing to clients and athletes. One concern is the potential for these interventions to interfere with the exercise-recovery-adaptation continuum. Whilst there is no evidence that these interventions will blunt adaptation, it seems pragmatic to use a periodised approach to administering these strategies until data are in place to provide and evidence base on any interference effect on adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Performance and Recovery, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Monika Nemmer
- Nutrition Department Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Carling
- Centre for Elite Performance, French Football Federation, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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22
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Codella R, Puci MV, Vandoni M, Correale L, Galvani C, Togni F, Casolo F, Passi A, Orizio C, Alberti G, Esposito F, Montomoli C, La Torre A. School self-efficacy is affected by gender and motor skills: findings from an Italian study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8949. [PMID: 32377447 PMCID: PMC7195827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived school self-efficacy (SE) is an important variable in students’ activities as it affects their motivation and learning. Further, self-efficacy might represent a good predictor of performance, persistence and perseverance. Motor skills and other physical health determinants are extensively debated and linked to cognitive function in children of developmental age. However, inconclusive evidence supports a definitive relationship between perceived school SE and motor skills among schoolchildren. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 6–11-year-old schoolchildren to evaluate the extent by which perceived school SE and physical health determinants were related. Methods A SE questionnaire and motor performance battery tests were administered to primary school pupils recruited from 154 sampled schools of northwest Italy. Perceived SE at school was assessed via 12 items from the Caprara’s questionnaire. Motor performance scores were obtained from motor skill tests: 4 × 10 m shuttle run test, SRT; standing broad jump, SBJ; six-minute walking test, 6MWT. Results A total of 3,962 children (M = 2,019; F = 1943) were studied and 68% were normal weight. Overall, a 58% of the sample perceived a high SE, while, as to gender differences, a greater percentage of females perceived high levels of school SE with respect to any other level (χ2 = 38.93, p < 0.0001). Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that: (i) females perceived higher SE compared to males; (ii) children who performed better in SRT and 6MWT showed higher levels of perceived school SE; (iii) no significant effect was registered for the body weight. Alternative strategies are encouraged to enhance SE through physical education: structured interventions might enhance both complex motor skills and high-order cognitive skills, like SE, in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariangela Valentina Puci
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Correale
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christel Galvani
- Applied Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Togni
- Department of Educational Studies, Foreign Literacy and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Casolo
- Department of Pedagogy, Exercise and Sport Science Degree Course, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Claudio Orizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Montomoli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Formenti D, Trecroci A, Duca M, Vanoni M, Ciovati M, Rossi A, Alberti G. Volleyball-Specific Skills and Cognitive Functions Can Discriminate Players of Different Competitive Levels. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:813-819. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Bisciotti GN, Volpi P, Alberti G, Aprato A, Artina M, Auci A, Bait C, Belli A, Bellistri G, Bettinsoli P, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Bona S, Bresciani M, Bruzzone A, Buda R, Buffoli M, Callini M, Canata G, Cardinali D, Cassaghi G, Castagnetti L, Clerici S, Corradini B, Corsini A, D'Agostino C, Dellasette E, Di Pietto F, Enrica D, Eirale C, Foglia A, Franceschi F, Frizziero A, Galbiati A, Giammatei C, Landreau P, Mazzola C, Moretti B, Muratore M, Nanni G, Niccolai R, Orizio C, Pantalone A, Parra F, Pasta G, Patroni P, Pelella D, Pulici L, Quaglia A, Respizzi S, Ricciotti L, Rispoli A, Rosa F, Rossato A, Sannicandro I, Sprenger C, Tarantola C, Tenconi FG, Tognini G, Tosi F, Trinchese GF, Vago P, Zappia M, Vuckovich Z, Zini R, Trainini M, Chamari K. Italian consensus statement (2020) on return to play after lower limb muscle injury in football (soccer). BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000505. [PMID: 31673400 PMCID: PMC6797382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Return to play (RTP) decisions in football are currently based on expert opinion. No consensus guideline has been published to demonstrate an evidence-based decision-making process in football (soccer). Our aim was to provide a framework for evidence-based decision-making in RTP following lower limb muscle injuries sustained in football. A 1-day consensus meeting was held in Milan, on 31 August 2018, involving 66 national and international experts from various academic backgrounds. A narrative review of the current evidence for RTP decision-making in football was provided to delegates. Assembled experts came to a consensus on the best practice for managing RTP following lower limb muscle injuries via the Delphi process. Consensus was reached on (1) the definitions of 'return to training' and 'return to play' in football. We agreed on 'return to training' and RTP in football, the appropriate use of clinical and imaging assessments, and laboratory and field tests for return to training following lower limb muscle injury, and identified objective criteria for RTP based on global positioning system technology. Level of evidence IV, grade of recommendation D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piero Volpi
- Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Auci
- UOS Angiografia e Radiologia Interventistica, Ospedale delle Apuane, Massa Carrara, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Bona
- Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Buda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Canata
- Ospedale Koelliker, Torino, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina dello Sport di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristiano Eirale
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Paris St Germain FC, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Foglia
- Physiotherapy, Studio Riabilita, Civitanova Marche, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biagio Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Nanni
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy.,Bologna FC, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Pantalone
- Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Ospedale SS Annunziata, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Pasta
- Parma Calcio, Parma, Italy.,Studio Radiologico Pasta, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Pulici
- FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quaglia
- Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Tosi
- FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paola Vago
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Raul Zini
- Villa Maria Cecilia, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Karim Chamari
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Research Lab, National Center of Science and Sports Medicine Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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25
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Spielmann FM, Wohlfahrt G, Hammerle A, Kitz F, Migliavacca M, Alberti G, Ibrom A, El‐Madany TS, Gerdel K, Moreno G, Kolle O, Karl T, Peressotti A, Delle Vedove G. Gross Primary Productivity of Four European Ecosystems Constrained by Joint CO 2 and COS Flux Measurements. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:5284-5293. [PMID: 31423034 PMCID: PMC6686783 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary productivity (GPP), the gross uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by plant photosynthesis, is the primary driver of the land carbon sink, which presently removes around one quarter of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions each year. GPP, however, cannot be measured directly and the resulting uncertainty undermines our ability to project the magnitude of the future land carbon sink. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as an independent proxy for GPP as it diffuses into leaves in a fashion very similar to CO2, but in contrast to the latter is generally not emitted. Here we use concurrent ecosystem-scale flux measurements of CO2 and COS at four European biomes for a joint constraint on CO2 flux partitioning. The resulting GPP estimates generally agree with classical approaches relying exclusively on CO2 fluxes but indicate a systematic underestimation under low light conditions, demonstrating the importance of using multiple approaches for constraining present-day GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Spielmann
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - G. Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - F. Kitz
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - M. Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - G. Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
- CNR‐IBIMETFirenzeItaly
| | - A. Ibrom
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - T. S. El‐Madany
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - K. Gerdel
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - G. Moreno
- INDEHESA‐Forest Research GroupUniversidad de ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain
| | - O. Kolle
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - T. Karl
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Peressotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - G. Delle Vedove
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
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26
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Trecroci A, Formenti D, Rossi A, Esposito F, Alberti G. Short-Term Delayed Effects of Kinesio Taping on Sprint Cycling Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1232-1236. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Formenti D, Perpetuini D, Iodice P, Cardone D, Michielon G, Scurati R, Alberti G, Merla A. Effects of knee extension with different speeds of movement on muscle and cerebral oxygenation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5704. [PMID: 30310747 PMCID: PMC6173162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the mechanisms responsible for enhancing muscular hypertrophy is the high metabolic stress associated with a reduced muscular oxygenation occurring during exercise, which can be achieved by reducing the speed of movement. Studies have tested that lowered muscle oxygenation artificially induced by an inflatable cuff, could provoke changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation, hence, to central fatigue. It was hypothesized that (1) exercising with a slow speed of movement would result in greater increase in cerebral and greater decrease in muscle oxygenation compared with exercises of faster speed and (2) the amount of oxygenation increase in the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex would be lower than the contralateral one. Methods An ISS Imagent frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was used to quantify oxygenation changes in the vastus lateralis muscle and prefrontal cortex (contra- and ipsilateral) during unilateral resistance exercises with different speeds of movement to voluntary fatigue. After one maximal repetition (1RM) test, eight subjects performed three sets of unilateral knee extensions (∼50% of 1RM), separated by 2 min rest periods, following the pace of 1 s, 3 s and 5 s for both concentric and eccentric phases, in a random order, during separate sessions. The amount of change for NIRS parameters for muscle (ΔHb: deoxyhemoglobin, ΔHbO: oxyhemoglobin, ΔHbT: total hemoglobin, ΔStO2: oxygen saturation) were quantified and compared between conditions and sets by two-way ANOVA RM. Differences in NIRS parameters between contra- and ipsilateral (lobe) prefrontal cortex and conditions were tested. Results Exercising with slow speed of movement was associated to larger muscle deoxygenation than normal speed of movement, as revealed by significant interaction (set × condition) for ΔHb (p = 0.01), and by significant main effects of condition for ΔHbO (p = 0.007) and ΔStO2 (p = 0.016). With regards to the prefrontal cortex, contralateral lobe showed larger oxygenation increase than the ipsilateral one for ΔHb, ΔHbO, ΔHbT, ΔStO2 in each set (main effect of lobe: p < 0.05). Main effects of condition were significant only in set1 for all the parameters, and significant interaction lobe × condition was found only for ΔHb in set1 (p < 0.05). Discussion These findings provided evidence that speed of movement influences the amount of muscle oxygenation. Since the lack of oxygen in muscle is associated to increased metabolic stress, manipulating the speed of movement may be useful in planning resistance-training programs. Moreover, consistent oxygenation increases in both right and left prefrontal lobes were found, suggesting a complementary interaction between the ipsi- and contralateral prefrontal cortex, which also seems related to fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Perpetuini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Infrared Imaging Lab, Centro ITAB-Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Iodice
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Centre d'Etude des Transformations des Activités Physiques et Sportives (CETAPS), University of Rouen Normandy, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Infrared Imaging Lab, Centro ITAB-Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Michielon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Infrared Imaging Lab, Centro ITAB-Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate field-based physical performance of under 16 years (U16) elite and sub-elite soccer players. Forty elite (n = 20) and sub-elite (n = 20) soccer players were enrolled and tested for countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m sprint and agility, in terms of sprint with 90° turns (S90), S90 with ball, Slalom, Slalom with ball, and reactive agility (RAT). Statistical and practical significant differences were observed in CMJ, S90 and RAT between elite and sub-elite. Elite players exhibited a likely better performance in Slalom, Slalom with ball and S90 with ball despite a non-significant difference by level of play. Concerning sprint ability, both groups showed similar performance in the 10-m sprint. Countermovement jump and agility tests are field-based physical assessments recommended to better distinguish between U16 elite and sub-elite soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefano Longo
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrico Perri
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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29
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Rossi A, Formenti D, Cavaggioni L, Morgante A, Caruso P, Gargano M, Ludwig N, Merzagora I, Alberti G. Facial asymmetry in the resting state reflects anxiety status on young males. Laterality 2018; 23:462-478. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2017.1398260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Morgante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Palmina Caruso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gargano
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Merzagora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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30
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Trecroci A, Cavaggioni L, Lastella M, Broggi M, Perri E, Iaia FM, Alberti G. Effects of traditional balance and slackline training on physical performance and perceived enjoyment in young soccer players. Res Sports Med 2018; 26:450-461. [PMID: 29963921 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1492392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 12-week balance and slackline training programs on physical performance and perceived enjoyment scale in young soccer players. Forty-one preadolescent soccer players were assigned to two experimental groups performing traditional balance (BLT) or slackline training (SLT), and a control group. Pre-post assessment encompassed Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Star Excursion Balance test (SEBT), sprint with 90° turns (S90), and countermovement jump (CMJ). The rate of perceived enjoyment scale (PACES) was applied at the end of the experimental period. SLT and BLT improved similarly in BESS, SEBT and S90. No changes were detected in the CMJ. Regarding PACES score, SLT presented significantly higher values than BLT. Young athletes may benefit from a motivating training approach, thus, a designed program based on slackline drills should be preferable to improve physical performance in terms of balance and change of direction ability in preadolescent soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele Lastella
- b Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Marco Broggi
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrico Perri
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Bisciotti GN, Volpi P, Amato M, Alberti G, Allegra F, Aprato A, Artina M, Auci A, Bait C, Bastieri GM, Balzarini L, Belli A, Bellini G, Bettinsoli P, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Bona S, Brambilla L, Bresciani M, Buffoli M, Calanna F, Canata GL, Cardinali D, Carimati G, Cassaghi G, Cautero E, Cena E, Corradini B, Corsini A, D'Agostino C, De Donato M, Delle Rose G, Di Marzo F, Di Pietto F, Enrica D, Eirale C, Febbrari L, Ferrua P, Foglia A, Galbiati A, Gheza A, Giammattei C, Masia F, Melegati G, Moretti B, Moretti L, Niccolai R, Orgiani A, Orizio C, Pantalone A, Parra F, Patroni P, Pereira Ruiz MT, Perri M, Petrillo S, Pulici L, Quaglia A, Ricciotti L, Rosa F, Sasso N, Sprenger C, Tarantola C, Tenconi FG, Tosi F, Trainini M, Tucciarone A, Yekdah A, Vuckovic Z, Zini R, Chamari K. Italian consensus conference on guidelines for conservative treatment on lower limb muscle injuries in athlete. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000323. [PMID: 29862040 PMCID: PMC5976114 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Provide the state of the art concerning (1) biology and aetiology, (2) classification, (3) clinical assessment and (4) conservative treatment of lower limb muscle injuries (MI) in athletes. Seventy international experts with different medical backgrounds participated in the consensus conference. They discussed and approved a consensus composed of four sections which are presented in these documents. This paper represents a synthesis of the consensus conference, the following four sections are discussed: (i) The biology and aetiology of MIs. A definition of MI was formulated and some key points concerning physiology and pathogenesis of MIs were discussed. (ii) The MI classification. A classification of MIs was proposed. (iii) The MI clinical assessment, in which were discussed anamnesis, inspection and clinical examination and are provided the relative guidelines. (iv) The MI conservative treatment, in which are provided the guidelines for conservative treatment based on the severity of the lesion. Furthermore, instrumental therapy and pharmacological treatment were discussed. Knowledge of the aetiology and biology of MIs is an essential prerequisite in order to plan and conduct a rehabilitation plan. Another important aspect is the use of a rational MI classification on prognostic values. We propose a classification based on radiological investigations performed by ultrasonography and MRI strongly linked to prognostic factors. Furthermore, the consensus conference results will able to provide fundamental guidelines for diagnostic and rehabilitation practice, also considering instrumental therapy and pharmacological treatment of MI. Expert opinion, level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nicola Bisciotti
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Centro Studi Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli, Italy
| | - Piero Volpi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milano, Italy
- FC Internazionale, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessio Auci
- UOS Angiografia e Radiologia Interventistica, Ospedale delle Apuane, Massa-Carrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emanuele Cena
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biagio Moretti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico”, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico”, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Federica Parra
- Centro Studi Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Pulici
- Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ricciotti
- Centro Studi Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Tosi
- Centro Studi Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Ali Yekdah
- FAF Jenia Centre Med Sport, Algeri, Algeria
| | - Zarko Vuckovic
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raul Zini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Karim Chamari
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance profile among young soccer players of different competitive levels. Two teams of elite (n = 22) and sub-elite (n = 22) soccer players at national (highly skilled) and regional (moderately skilled) level were recruited in the study. All participants were tested using a modified Illinois change of direction speed test, a T-drill with and without a ball, a countermovement jump, and a 10-m sprint. The analysis revealed significant differences in favor of elite players in sprint (d = 1.54, large) and vertical jump (d = 2.03, very large) outcomes, while no differences were observed in both modified Illinois change of direction speed (d = 0.16, trivial) and T-drill (d = 0.20, small) tests between the groups. The ability to change direction and speed with and without a ball was found not to be suitable enough to highlight the difference among youth players with moderate-to-high level of play. In conclusion, multi-testing approach based on task-related power should include vertical jump and sprint performance to delineate players of a higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Matteo Frontini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cavaggioni L, Trecroci A, Tosin M, Iaia FM, Alberti G. Individualized dry-land intervention program for an elite Paralympic swimmer. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:82-86. [PMID: 29498253 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective case study is the longitudinal description of the physical and functional parameters of a top-level Paralympic swimmer class S9-SB8-SM9 during four swimming seasons of training, from the Paralympic games in London 2012 to the Paralympic games in Rio 2016. A 22-year-old male swimmer underwent a specific preventive dry-land training based on diaphragmatic breathing, postural alignment, and slow-velocity resistance training aimed to improve his muscle strength. He was tested by using the Functional Movement Screen™, photographic postural assessment and vertical jump. The swimmer improved his functional, postural and strength parameters indicating a better functional movement and muscular power. These results show that a four-year specific dry-land intervention could be capable of enhancing the functional and physical requirements of a top-level Paralympic swimmer. This approach might be a suitable novel alternative for coaches and athletic trainers to integrate their training protocols for athletes with similar impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Fichera G, Rovetta T, Fiocco G, Alberti G, Invernizzi C, Licchelli M, Malagodi M. Elemental analysis as statistical preliminary study of historical musical instruments. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Trecroci A, Formenti D, Ludwig N, Gargano M, Bosio A, Rampinini E, Alberti G. Bilateral asymmetry of skin temperature is not related to bilateral asymmetry of crank torque during an incremental cycling exercise to exhaustion. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4438. [PMID: 29507831 PMCID: PMC5835345 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although moderate relationships (|r| ∼ 0.5) were reported between skin temperature and performance-related variables (e.g., kinetic), it remains unclear whether skin temperature asymmetry reflects muscle force imbalance in cycling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a relationship exists between kinetic and thermal asymmetry during a fatiguing exercise. Ten elite cyclists were enrolled and tested on a maximal incremental cycling test. Peak crank torques of both legs were obtained at the initial and final workload. Likewise, bilateral skin temperatures were recorded before and after exercise. Asymmetric indexes were also calculated for kinetic (AIK) and skin temperature (AIT) outcomes. The bilateral peak crank torques showed a larger difference at the final compared to the initial workload (p < 0.05) of the incremental exercise. Conversely, the bilateral skin temperature did not show any differences at both initial and final workload (p > 0.05). Additionally, trivial relationships were reported between AIK and AIT (-0.3 < r < 0.2) at the initial and final workload. The obtained results showed that changes in bilateral kinetic values did not reflect concurrent changes in bilateral skin temperatures. This finding emphasizes the difficulty of associating the asymmetry of skin temperature with those of muscle effort in elite cyclists. Lastly, our study also provided further insights on thermal skin responses during exhaustive cycling exercise in very highly-trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gargano
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Varese, Italy
| | - Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Varese, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Gusmaroli L, Liu C, Poch J, Fiol N, Alberti G, Villaescusa I. A fast and easy approach to the simulation of binary mixtures sorption kinetics. Sci Total Environ 2018; 616-617:948-959. [PMID: 29102192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gusmaroli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Avda. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - C Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, South Jiuhua Road 189, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - J Poch
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Avda. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - N Fiol
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Avda. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - G Alberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - I Villaescusa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Avda. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Di Palma A, Seeman OD, Alberti G. Complexity, adaptations and variations in the secondary insemination system of female Dermanyssina mites (Acari: Anactinothrichida: Gamasida): the case of Afrocypholaelaps africana. Exp Appl Acarol 2017; 72:191-203. [PMID: 28752481 PMCID: PMC5547183 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamasine mites, mainly of the taxon Dermanyssina, possess a secondarily evolved insemination system (sperm access system), of which there are two, generally recognized, structurally different types, the laelapid- and the phytoseiid-type. The ultrastructure of the female sperm access system in Afrocypholaelaps africana is described. It consists of paired insemination pores, opening between the bases of legs three and four, and paired cuticle-lined tubules that converge into a large, sack-like spermatheca, remarkably cuticle-lined as well. The entire spermatheca and part of the tubules are embedded in a peculiar syncytial tissue where numerous sperm cells are present. The general organization of this insemination system is of the laelapid-type. However, it presents striking structural differences, compared with the systems described in Varroa destructor and Hattena cometis, the other gamasine mites having a laelapid-type system studied ultrastructurally until now. The functional morphology, complexity and variations of the sperm access system in Dermanyssina are discussed and correlated with the evolutionary biology of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Palma
- Department of the Science of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71100, Foggia, Italy.
| | - O D Seeman
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Alberti
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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Ludwig N, Trecroci A, Gargano M, Formenti D, Bosio A, Rampinini E, Alberti G. Thermography for skin temperature evaluation during dynamic exercise: a case study on an incremental maximal test in elite male cyclists. Appl Opt 2016; 55:D126-D130. [PMID: 27958445 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.00d126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of thermal imaging in monitoring the dynamic of skin temperature during prolonged physical exercise is central to assess athletes' ability to dissipate heat from the skin surface to the environment. In this study, seven elite cyclists completed an incremental maximal cycling test to evaluate their skin temperature response under controlled-environment conditions. Thermal images have been analyzed using a method based on maxima detection (Tmax). Data confirmed a reduction in skin temperature due to vasoconstriction during the exercise, followed by a temperature increment after exhaustion. A characteristic hot-spotted thermal pattern was found over the skin surface in all subjects. This research confirmed also the notable ability by highly trained cyclists to modify skin temperature during an incremental muscular effort. This study gives additional contributions for understanding the capability of the Tmax method applied to the thermoregulatory physiological processes.
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Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that tactile stimulation affects muscle activation levels, we theorized that taping vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles would improve a 6 s sprint cycling performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the use of kinesio taping (KT) was helpful in increasing maximal-intensity cycling exercise. Sixteen active healthy subjects were enrolled in a randomized placebo, repeated measures design. All subjects were tested on a cycle ergometer under three conditions: without taping, taping along anterior thigh muscles and sham taping across the same muscle groups. Results showed a significant increase in peak power output and total work after the application compared to the condition with no tape applied (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the two modes of application. Our findings indicated that the tactile stimulation of KT applied longitudinally provided positive effects during a sprint cycling performance in healthy and active subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
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Liang J, Crowther TW, Picard N, Wiser S, Zhou M, Alberti G, Schulze ED, McGuire AD, Bozzato F, Pretzsch H, de-Miguel S, Paquette A, Herault B, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Barrett CB, Glick HB, Hengeveld GM, Nabuurs GJ, Pfautsch S, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Ammer C, Schall P, Verbyla D, Tchebakova N, Fischer M, Watson JV, Chen HYH, Lei X, Schelhaas MJ, Lu H, Gianelle D, Parfenova EI, Salas C, Lee E, Lee B, Kim HS, Bruelheide H, Coomes DA, Piotto D, Sunderland T, Schmid B, Gourlet-Fleury S, Sonke B, Tavani R, Zhu J, Brandl S, Vayreda J, Kitahara F, Searle EB, Neldner VJ, Ngugi MR, Baraloto C, Frizzera L, Ba azy R, Oleksyn J, Zawi a-Nied wiecki T, Bouriaud O, Bussotti F, Finer L, Jaroszewicz B, Jucker T, Valladares F, Jagodzinski AM, Peri PL, Gonmadje C, Marthy W, OBrien T, Martin EH, Marshall AR, Rovero F, Bitariho R, Niklaus PA, Alvarez-Loayza P, Chamuya N, Valencia R, Mortier F, Wortel V, Engone-Obiang NL, Ferreira LV, Odeke DE, Vasquez RM, Lewis SL, Reich PB. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests. Science 2016; 354:354/6309/aaf8957. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Trecroci A, Milanović Z, Rossi A, Broggi M, Formenti D, Alberti G. Agility profile in sub-elite under-11 soccer players: is SAQ training adequate to improve sprint, change of direction speed and reactive agility performance? Res Sports Med 2016; 24:331-340. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1228063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Broggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Formenti D, Ludwig N, Trecroci A, Gargano M, Michielon G, Caumo A, Alberti G. Dynamics of thermographic skin temperature response during squat exercise at two different speeds. J Therm Biol 2016; 59:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Riboli A, Cè E, Rampichini S, Venturelli M, Alberti G, Limonta E, Veicsteinas A, Esposito F. Comparison between continuous and discontinuous incremental treadmill test to assess velocity at V̇O2max. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 57:1119-1125. [PMID: 27074437 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The velocity associated with maximum aerobic power (vV̇O2max) is an important physiological parameter, which is utilized to determine relative workloads on the field. The testing modality adopted to evaluate it, though, may cause differences in vV̇O2max assessment and, in turn, in training intensity. The aim of the study was to compare two different testing modalities (continuous incremental ramp and discontinuous square wave (SW) protocols) for vV̇O2max assessment on the treadmill. METHODS Seventeen physically active participants performed three maximum incremental tests on a treadmill: two continuous ramp protocols, with different ramp slopes (R1, 1 km/h every minute; and R2, 1 km/h every 2 minutes), and one discontinuous SW protocol, in random order, for maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and vV̇O2max determination. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters were collected breath-by-breath at rest and during exercise. RESULTS vV̇O2max was significantly higher in R1 and R2 compared to SW (20.7±0.5, 18.6±0.4, 16.8±0.6 km/h for R1, R2, and SW, respectively; P<0.001). No significant differences were found among protocols for V̇O2max (56.7±1.1, 57.0±1.2, and 56.6±1.2 mL/min/kg for SW, R1, R2, respectively) as well as for expiratory ventilation, carbon dioxide production, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS In spite of similar V̇O2max values, vV̇O2max was higher during continuous incremental ramp tests compared to SW possibly due to the longer time for cardiorespiratory and metabolic adjustments, suggesting different aerobic and anaerobic metabolism involvement. The differences among protocols should be considered when vV̇O2max is used for training purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Riboli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arsenio Veicsteinas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Center of Sports Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy - .,Center of Sports Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Rampinini E, Connolly DR, Ferioli D, La Torre A, Alberti G, Bosio A. Peripheral neuromuscular fatigue induced by repeated-sprint exercise: cycling vs. running. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 56:49-59. [PMID: 25289713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral fatigue in knee extensor (KE) and plantar flexor (PF) muscles were investigated following repeated-sprint ability (RSA) cycling and running tests. METHODS Both RSA tests involved 5x6 s sprints and peripheral fatigue was quantified using diverse electrical stimulations (1Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz and 100Hz). RESULTS RSA cycling induced higher KE decrements in peak torque (PT), maximal rate of torque development and relaxation (PT decrements at different stimulation frequencies: from -39% to -53% cycling vs. -16% to -39% running, P<0.049). The PT ratios of the KE did not highlight differences in low-frequency fatigue. No major differences were noted in PT decrements of PF (P>0.231); however, greater reductions in some PT ratios (10/100 Hz, 20/50 Hz and 20/100 Hz) confirmed the presence of low-frequency fatigue in PF following RSA cycling. Subjects reported significantly higher RPE leg values following RSA cycling (8.2 vs 7.3 respectively, P=0.018) despite no differences in blood lactate, hydrogen ions and bicarbonates (P>0.467). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of peripheral fatigue induced by RSA cycling may be partially related to longer fractional duration of muscle contraction phases that can limit local blood flow. The discrepancies in neuromuscular fatigue between KE and PF can be explained by differences in muscle fibre composition or muscle contributions during RSA tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy -
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Trecroci A, Cavaggioni L, Caccia R, Alberti G. Jump Rope Training: Balance and Motor Coordination in Preadolescent Soccer Players. J Sports Sci Med 2015; 14:792-798. [PMID: 26664276 PMCID: PMC4657422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
General physical practice and multidimensional exercises are essential elements that allow young athletes to enhance their coordinative traits, balance, and strength and power levels, which are linked to the learning soccer-specific skills. Jumping rope is a widely-used and non-specific practical method for the development of athletic conditioning, balance and coordination in several disciplines. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a short-term training protocol including jumping rope (JR) exercises on motor abilities and body balance in young soccer players. Twenty-four preadolescent soccer players were recruited and placed in two different groups. In the Experimental group (EG), children performed JR training at the beginning of the training session. The control group (CG), executed soccer specific drills. Harre circuit test (HCT) and Lower Quarter Y balance test (YBT-LQ) were selected to evaluate participant's motor ability (e.g. ability to perform rapidly a course with different physical tasks such as somersault and passages above/below obstacles ) and to assess unilateral dynamic lower limb balance after 8 weeks of training. Statistical analysis consisted of paired t-test and mixed analysis of variance scores to determine any significant interactions. Children who performed jumping rope exercises showed a significant decrease of 9% (p < 0.01, ES = 0.50-0.80) in the performance time of HCT. With regard to the CG, no differences were highlighted (p > 0.05, ES = 0.05-0.2) from pre- to post-training. A training-by-group interaction was found for the composite score in both legs (p < 0.05, Part η(2) > 0.14). Our findings demonstrated that JR practice within regular soccer training enhanced general motor coordination and balance in preadolescent soccer players. Therefore, the inclusion of JR practice within regular soccer training session should encouraged to improve children's motor skills. Key pointsPerforming jumping rope exercises within a regular soccer program can be an additional method to improve balance and motor coordination.The performance improvement in the Harre Circuit Test associated with jump rope training can potentially be attributed to an enhancement of the inter-limb coordination and SSC ability.Results from the present study indicate that young soccer players should be encouraged to practice general physical activities together with sport-specific exercise during their training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano, Italy
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Di Palma A, de Moraes GJ, Gerdeman BS, Huber S, Kitajima EW, Alberti G. Ultrastructural and functional adaptations of the female reproductive system in the family Heterozerconidae (Acari, Anactinotrichida, Gamasida, Heterozerconina) and implications for the systematic position of the group. Arthropod Struct Dev 2015; 44:639-655. [PMID: 26370169 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterozerconidae is a poorly known, early derived mite family belonging to Heterozerconina (Monogynaspida, Gamasida (= Mesostigmata)). The systematic position of the family is still controversial and little is known about the biology and anatomy of the taxon. In this paper, the gross anatomy, ultrastructure and functional morphology of the female reproductive system are described comparing genera from different geographic areas. The occurence of podospermy (i.e. the use of a sperm transfer process carried by the fixed digit of the male chelicerae to inseminate females through secondary insemination pores instead of through the oviporus) as insemination mode in this family was documented. Nevertheless, morphological and functional evidence in the reproductive system of the females supports the idea that, in the same family, more than one insemination mode is present: some genera are plesiomorphically tocospemic (i.e. insemination through the oviporus) while others switched to podospermy. Such discovery is of fundamental importance for the determination of the relationship between the family Heterozerconidae and the family Discozerconidae, both belonging tentatively to Heterozerconina and for the phylogenetic position of the Heterozerconina among Gamasida.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Palma
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71100, Foggia, Italy.
| | - G J de Moraes
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13418900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - B S Gerdeman
- Entomology Department, Washington State University, Mount Vernon Northwestern WA Research & Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WA, 98273-4768, United States
| | - S Huber
- Ottenbohlstrasse 12, 88690, Mühlhofen, Germany
| | - E W Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13418900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - G Alberti
- Allgemeine und Systematische Zoologie, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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Cavaggioni L, Ongaro L, Zannin E, Iaia FM, Alberti G. Effects of different core exercises on respiratory parameters and abdominal strength. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3249-53. [PMID: 26644685 PMCID: PMC4668176 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study determined the effects a new modality of core stabilization exercises based on diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary function, abdominal fitness, and movement efficiency. [Subjects] Thirty-two physically active, healthy males were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16). [Methods] The experimental group combined diaphragmatic breathing exercises with global stretching postures, and the control group performed common abdominal exercises (e.g., crunch, plank, sit-up), both for 15 minutes twice weekly for 6 weeks. Pulmonary function (measured by forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and peak expiratory flow) and abdominal fitness (measured with the American College of Sports Medicine curl-up [cadence] test and the Functional Movement Screen(TM)) were evaluated before and after the intervention. [Results] Significant changes in curl-up (cadence) test scores, Functional Movement Screen scores, and all pulmonary parameters were recorded in the experimental group at the posttraining assessment, whereas in the control group, no significant differences over baseline were observed in any parameters. [Conclusion] Compared with traditional abdominal exercises, core stabilization exercises based on breathing and global stretching postures are more effective in improving pulmonary function and abdominal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Ongaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zannin
- TBM Lab, Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di
Milano, Italy
| | - F. Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Rampinini E, Connolly DR, Oppici L, Alberti G, La Torre A, Bosio A. Reliability of the assessment of peripheral muscle fatigue induced by high-intensity intermittent exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55:1129-1137. [PMID: 24867604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Reliability of the assessment of peripheral fatigue induced in knee extensors by high-intensity intermittent running exercise (HIE) was established in ten amateur soccer players (age: 18±1, height: 178±5 cm, weight: 68±8 kg). METHODS Transcutaneous electrical stimulations before and after HIE determined muscle contractile properties on three separate occasions (T1, T2 and T3), each separated by 7 days. RESULTS No significant differences were noted for any of the parameters measured (P=0.101). The ICC values for peak torque (PT) varied from moderate to high, with the exception of PT at 10-Hz calculated comparing T2 vs. T1 (range PRE=0.78-0.92; POST=0.76-0.97). The ICC derived from PT percentage decrements data were all low, with the exception of PT decrements at 1 Hz calculated comparing T3 vs. T2 (ICC=0.85, moderate). The TE for all contractile parameters obtained using 1-Hz and 100-Hz electrical stimulations were below 10%, including some that demonstrated a TE lower than 5%. Muscle contractile properties determined using 10-Hz stimulations showed a higher level of TE (range: 3.2-15.1%). Similar results were obtained for maximal rate of torque development and torque relaxation. CONCLUSION From the results of this study it can be concluded that muscle contractile properties express a good level of reliability in baseline and postexercise measures following familiarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy -
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Giannattasio A, Poggi E, Migliorati M, Mondani PM, Piccardo I, Carta P, Tomarchio N, Alberti G. The efficacy of Italian guidelines in promoting oral health in children and adolescents. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2015; 16:93-98. [PMID: 26147812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the guidelines on oral health published by the Italian Health Ministry. STUDY DESIGN 1239 patients (582 girls and 657 boys) with a mean age of 4.46 (SD 2.81) years were evaluated before application of the guidelines by paediatricians (T0) for the presence of caries, gingivitis, diseases of the oral mucosa, and malocclusion. Only patients aged 6 months, 3 years, 6 years, and 9 years at T0 were taken into consideration. All patients were reevaluated after application of the ministerial guidelines (T1). METHODS the study took place over a 3-year period. Enrolled patients referred to the outpatient clinics of three paediatricians of the Province of Genoa who strictly applied the ministerial guidelines. STATISTICS Chi square test analysis was performed to evaluate a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of caries, gingivitis and diseases of the oral mucosa. RESULTS After a 3-year follow-up collected data underlined a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries, gingivitis and oral mucosal diseases after implementation of the recommended ministerial guidelines. A statistically significant decrease of malocclusions was also evident in the elder patients (12 years old at T1). CONCLUSION The accurate implementation of the Guidelines is supported. Only collaboration and increased synergy between paedodontists and paediatricians can fulfill the objectives which were the reason for publishing the "National guidelines for the promotion of oral health and the prevention of oral diseases in developmental age".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Poggi
- Department of Pediatrics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - P Carta
- Department of Public Health, Genova, Italy
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Roi GS, Monticone M, Salvoni M, Sassi R, Alberti G. Self-Reported Knee Symptoms Assessed by KOOS Questionnaire in Downhill Runners (Skyrunners). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126382. [PMID: 25902316 PMCID: PMC4406558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knee is the weight-bearing joint most commonly associated with sports injuries, and therefore is most at risk of developing degenerative changes, including osteoarthritis. Skyrunners can be considered to be at risk of developing symptoms of post-traumatic osteoarthritis due to downhill running. AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the health of the knee joints of a large group of these athletes via a specific self-report questionnaire. METHODS This study was carried out by asking the participants of seven official Skyraces (22.4±3.1 km length; 1596±393 m elevation) to fill out a questionnaire. Information regarding age, sex, downhill elevation (m) during training and competitions over the last month, and history of previous knee injury was also collected before the participants filled out the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), which is a reliable and validated instrument designed to assess patients' opinions about their knees and associated problems that can result in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Athletes were divided into six age groups (from 17 to 70 years) and 12 groups based on the downhill gradient they had covered over the last month (from 1,000 to 40,000 m). RESULTS Six hundred twenty-one questionnaires were collected from 45% of the participants in the seven races. Multivariate analysis revealed that self-reported KOOS scores were unrelated to age, sex and monthly downhill gradient. Only 74 (12%) of the participants reported previous knee injuries. Significant differences in the five subscales of the KOOS were found between skyrunners with and without previous knee injuries (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the studied population, regular training for downhill running and participation in Skyraces could not be considered risk factors for subjective knee symptoms. Skyrunners with self-reported histories of knee injuries scored worse on all five subscales of the KOOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Sergio Roi
- Isokinetic Medical Group, Education and Research Department, Bologna, Italy
- International Skyrunning Federation, Biella, Italy
| | - Marco Monticone
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute of Lissone (Milan), Institute of Care and Research (IRCCS), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Lissone, Italy
| | - Marco Salvoni
- Isokinetic Medical Group, Education and Research Department, Bologna, Italy
- International Skyrunning Federation, Biella, Italy
| | - Roberto Sassi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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