1
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Crewe C, Brestoff JR. Burning Fat to Fuel EVs. Diabetes 2023; 72:1521-1523. [PMID: 37862579 PMCID: PMC10588268 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clair Crewe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Abstract
Mitochondria are believed to have originated through an ancient endosymbiotic process in which proteobacteria were captured and co-opted for energy production and cellular metabolism. Mitochondria segregate during cell division and differentiation, with vertical inheritance of mitochondria and the mitochondrial DNA genome from parent to daughter cells. However, an emerging body of literature indicates that some cell types export their mitochondria for delivery to developmentally unrelated cell types, a process called intercellular mitochondria transfer. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms by which mitochondria are transferred between cells and discuss how intercellular mitochondria transfer regulates the physiology and function of various organ systems in health and disease. In particular, we discuss the role of mitochondria transfer in regulating cellular metabolism, cancer, the immune system, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control, wound healing and adipose tissue function. We also highlight the potential of targeting intercellular mitochondria transfer as a therapeutic strategy to treat human diseases and augment cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Kim DH, Wang Y, Jung H, Field RL, Zhang X, Liu TC, Ma C, Fraser JS, Brestoff JR, Van Dyken SJ. A type 2 immune circuit in the stomach controls mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin. Science 2023; 381:1092-1098. [PMID: 37676935 PMCID: PMC10865997 DOI: 10.1126/science.add5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber improves metabolic health, but host-encoded mechanisms for digesting fibrous polysaccharides are unclear. In this work, we describe a mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin that is coordinated by gastric innate immune activation and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Chitin consumption causes gastric distension and cytokine production by stomach tuft cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in mice, which drives the expansion of AMCase-expressing zymogenic chief cells that facilitate chitin digestion. Although chitin influences gut microbial composition, ILC2-mediated tissue adaptation and gastrointestinal responses are preserved in germ-free mice. In the absence of AMCase, sustained chitin intake leads to heightened basal type 2 immunity, reduced adiposity, and resistance to obesity. These data define an endogenous metabolic circuit that enables nutrient extraction from an insoluble dietary constituent by enhancing digestive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haerin Jung
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachael L. Field
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xinya Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Changqing Ma
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J. Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Aquilano K, Zhou B, Brestoff JR, Lettieri-Barbato D. Multifaceted mitochondrial quality control in brown adipose tissue. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:517-529. [PMID: 36272883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls mammalian core body temperature by non-shivering thermogenesis. BAT is extraordinarily rich in mitochondria, which have the peculiarity of generating heat by uncoupled respiration. Since the mitochondrial activity of BAT is subject to cycles of activation and deactivation in response to environmental temperature changes, an integrated mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system is of fundamental importance to ensure BAT physiology. Here, we provide an overview of the conventional and alternative mechanisms through which thermogenic adipocytes selectively remove damaged parts of mitochondria and how macrophages participate in the MQC system by removing extracellular mitochondrial waste to maintain the thermogenic function of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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5
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Abstract
Contemporary full spectrum or "spectral" flow cytometry is a recently developed technology that allows for high-dimensional flow cytometric analyses of cells and particles in suspension. This single-cell technology has gained popularity in research settings because it can conservatively detect 35 or more antigens simultaneously in a single-tube assay format. Recently, spectral flow cytometry has obtained regulatory approval for use as an in vitro diagnostic device in China and Europe, enabling use of this technology in some clinical flow cytometry laboratories. The purpose of this review is to describe the basic principles of conventional and spectral flow cytometry, contrasting these two technologies. To illustrate the analytic power of spectral flow cytometry, we provide an example of spectral flow cytometry data analyses and the use of a machine learning algorithm to harvest the vast amount of information contained within large spectral flow cytometry datasets. Finally, we discuss the advantages of spectral flow cytometry adoption in clinical laboratories and preliminary studies comparing the performance of this technology relative to conventional flow cytometers that are currently used in clinical laboratory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Azimi V, Slade M, Fiala M, Fortier JM, Stockerl-Goldstein K, Frater JL, Brestoff JR, Jackups R, Zaydman MA. A Single Reference Interval for Interpreting Serum Free Light Chains across Patients with Varying Renal Function. Clin Chem 2023:7153471. [PMID: 37147848 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum free light chain (sFLC) assays are interpreted using a sFLC-ratio-based reference interval (manufacturer's interval) that was defined using a cohort of healthy patients. However, renal impairment elevates the sFLC-ratio, leading to a high false positive rate when using the manufacturer's interval. Prior studies have developed renal-specific reference intervals; however, this approach has not been widely adopted due to practical limitations. Thus, there remains a critical need for a renally robust sFLC interpretation method. METHODS Retrospective data mining was used to define patient cohorts that reflect the spectrum of renal function seen in clinical practice. Two new reference intervals, one based on the sFLC-ratio and one based on a novel principal component analysis (PCA)-based metric, were developed for the FREELITE assay (Binding Site) on the Roche Cobas c501 instrument (Roche). RESULTS Compared to the manufacturer's reference interval, both new methods exhibited significantly lower false positive rates and greater robustness to renal function while maintaining equivalent sensitivity for monoclonal gammopathy (MG) diagnosis. While not significantly different, the point estimate for sensitivity was highest for the PCA-based approach. CONCLUSION Renally robust sFLC interpretation using a single reference interval is possible given a reference cohort that reflects the variation in renal function observed in practice. Further studies are needed to achieve sufficient power and determine if the novel PCA-based metric offers superior sensitivity for MG diagnosis. These new methods offer the practical advantages of not requiring an estimated glomerular filtration rate result or multiple reference intervals, thereby lowering practical barriers to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Azimi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael Slade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mark Fiala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julie M Fortier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Keith Stockerl-Goldstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John L Frater
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ronald Jackups
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mark A Zaydman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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7
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Yang Y, Yuan J, Field RL, Ye D, Hu Z, Xu K, Xu L, Gong Y, Yue Y, Kravitz AV, Bruchas MR, Cui J, Brestoff JR, Chen H. Induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by ultrasound. Nat Metab 2023; 5:789-803. [PMID: 37231250 PMCID: PMC10229429 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00804-z,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, we report the noninvasive, precise and safe induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by remote transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the hypothalamus preoptic area (POA). We achieve a long-lasting (>24 h) torpor-like state in mice via closed-loop feedback control of ultrasound stimulation with automated detection of body temperature. Ultrasound-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism (UIH) is triggered by activation of POA neurons, involves the dorsomedial hypothalamus as a downstream brain region and subsequent inhibition of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of POA neurons reveals TRPM2 as an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel, the knockdown of which suppresses UIH. We also demonstrate that UIH is feasible in a non-torpid animal, the rat. Our findings establish UIH as a promising technology for the noninvasive and safe induction of a torpor-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Bioengineering, Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Yang Y, Yuan J, Field RL, Ye D, Hu Z, Xu K, Xu L, Gong Y, Yue Y, Kravitz AV, Bruchas MR, Cui J, Brestoff JR, Chen H. Induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by ultrasound. Nat Metab 2023; 5:789-803. [PMID: 37231250 PMCID: PMC10229429 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, we report the noninvasive, precise and safe induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by remote transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the hypothalamus preoptic area (POA). We achieve a long-lasting (>24 h) torpor-like state in mice via closed-loop feedback control of ultrasound stimulation with automated detection of body temperature. Ultrasound-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism (UIH) is triggered by activation of POA neurons, involves the dorsomedial hypothalamus as a downstream brain region and subsequent inhibition of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of POA neurons reveals TRPM2 as an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel, the knockdown of which suppresses UIH. We also demonstrate that UIH is feasible in a non-torpid animal, the rat. Our findings establish UIH as a promising technology for the noninvasive and safe induction of a torpor-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Bioengineering, Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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LaPoint A, Singer JM, Ferguson D, Shew TM, Renkemeyer MK, Palacios H, Field R, Shankaran M, Smith GI, Yoshino J, He M, Patti GJ, Hellerstein MK, Klein S, Brestoff JR, Finck BN, Lutkewitte AJ. Adipocyte lipin 1 is positively associated with metabolic health in humans and regulates systemic metabolism in mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.01.526676. [PMID: 36778276 PMCID: PMC9915639 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is believed to promote the development of hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance, but many of the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Lipin 1 catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate step of triglyceride synthesis, which is essential for lipid storage. Herein we found that adipose tissue LPIN1 expression is decreased in people with obesity compared to lean subjects and low LPIN1 expression correlated with multi-tissue insulin resistance and increased rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Comprehensive metabolic and multi-omic phenotyping demonstrated that adipocyte-specific Lpin1-/- mice had a metabolically-unhealthy phenotype, including liver and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and transcriptomic signatures of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that was exacerbated by high-fat diets. We conclude that adipocyte lipin 1-mediated lipid storage is vital for preserving adipose tissue and systemic metabolic health and its loss predisposes mice to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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10
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Borcherding N, Jia W, Giwa R, Field RL, Moley JR, Kopecky BJ, Chan MM, Yang BQ, Sabio JM, Walker EC, Osorio O, Bredemeyer AL, Pietka T, Alexander-Brett J, Morley SC, Artyomov MN, Abumrad NA, Schilling J, Lavine K, Crewe C, Brestoff JR. Dietary lipids inhibit mitochondria transfer to macrophages to divert adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the blood. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1499-1513.e8. [PMID: 36070756 PMCID: PMC9547954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes transfer mitochondria to macrophages in white and brown adipose tissues to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In obesity, adipocyte-to-macrophage mitochondria transfer is impaired, and instead, adipocytes release mitochondria into the blood to induce a protective antioxidant response in the heart. We found that adipocyte-to-macrophage mitochondria transfer in white adipose tissue is inhibited in murine obesity elicited by a lard-based high-fat diet, but not a hydrogenated-coconut-oil-based high-fat diet, aging, or a corn-starch diet. The long-chain fatty acids enriched in lard suppress mitochondria capture by macrophages, diverting adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the blood for delivery to other organs, such as the heart. The depletion of macrophages rapidly increased the number of adipocyte-derived mitochondria in the blood. These findings suggest that dietary lipids regulate mitochondria uptake by macrophages locally in white adipose tissue to determine whether adipocyte-derived mitochondria are released into systemic circulation to support the metabolic adaptation of distant organs in response to nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Wentong Jia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rocky Giwa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John R Moley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin J Kopecky
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mandy M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Q Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica M Sabio
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Omar Osorio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrea L Bredemeyer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terri Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Alexander-Brett
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel Schilling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kory Lavine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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11
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Frater JL, Shirai CL, Brestoff JR. Technological features of blast identification in the cerebrospinal fluid: A systematic review of flow cytometry and laboratory haematology methods. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44 Suppl 1:45-53. [PMID: 35785436 PMCID: PMC9463081 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by acute leukemias (ALs) has important implications for risk stratification and disease outcome. The clinical laboratory plays an essential role in assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with ALs at initial diagnosis, at the end of treatment, and when CNS involvement is clinically suspected. The two challenges for the laboratory are 1) to accurately provide a cell count of the CSF and 2) to successfully distinguish blasts from other cell types. These tasks are classically performed using manual techniques, which suffer from suboptimal turnaround time, imprecision, and inconsistent inter-operator performance. Technological innovations in flow cytometry and hematology analyzer technology have provided useful complements and/or alternatives to conventional manual techniques. AIMS We performed a PRISMA-compliant systematic review to address the medical literature regarding the development and current state of the art of CSF blast identification using flow cytometry and laboratory hematology technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the peer reviewed medical literature using MEDLINE (PubMed interface), Web of Science, and Embase using the keywords "CSF or cerebrospinal" AND "blasts(s)". RESULTS 108 articles were suitable for inclusion in our systematic review. These articles covered 1) clinical rationale for CSF blast identification; 2) morphology-based CSF blast identification; 3) the role of flow cytometry; 4) use of hematology analyzers for CSF blast identification; and 5) quality issues. 9 /L, which is much lower than the original machine count and platelet transfusion was warranted. DISCUSSION 1) Clinical laboratory testing plays a central role in risk stratification and clinical management of patients with acute leukemias, most clearly in pediatric ALs; 2) studies focused on other patient populations, including adults and patients with AML are less prevalent in the literature; 3) improvements in instrumentation may provide better performance for the classification of CSF specimens. CONCLUSION Current challenges include: 1) more precisely characterizing the natural history of AL involvement of the CNS, 2) improvements in automated cell count technology of low cellularity specimens, 3) defining the role of flow MRD testing of CSF specimens and 4) improved recognition of specimen quality by clinicians and laboratory personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Frater
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara Lunn Shirai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Rosina M, Ceci V, Turchi R, Chuan L, Borcherding N, Sciarretta F, Sánchez-Díaz M, Tortolici F, Karlinsey K, Chiurchiù V, Fuoco C, Giwa R, Field RL, Audano M, Arena S, Palma A, Riccio F, Shamsi F, Renzone G, Verri M, Crescenzi A, Rizza S, Faienza F, Filomeni G, Kooijman S, Rufini S, de Vries AAF, Scaloni A, Mitro N, Tseng YH, Hidalgo A, Zhou B, Brestoff JR, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D. Ejection of damaged mitochondria and their removal by macrophages ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Cell Metab 2022; 34:533-548.e12. [PMID: 35305295 PMCID: PMC9039922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have demonstrated that mitochondria can be transferred between cells to control metabolic homeostasis. Although the mitochondria of brown adipocytes comprise a large component of the cell volume and undergo reorganization to sustain thermogenesis, it remains unclear whether an intercellular mitochondrial transfer occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and regulates adaptive thermogenesis. Herein, we demonstrated that thermogenically stressed brown adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain oxidatively damaged mitochondrial parts to avoid failure of the thermogenic program. When re-uptaken by parental brown adipocytes, mitochondria-derived EVs reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signaling and the levels of mitochondrial proteins, including UCP1. Their removal via the phagocytic activity of BAT-resident macrophages is instrumental in preserving BAT physiology. Depletion of macrophages in vivo causes the abnormal accumulation of extracellular mitochondrial vesicles in BAT, impairing the thermogenic response to cold exposure. These findings reveal a homeostatic role of tissue-resident macrophages in the mitochondrial quality control of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Neurology Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ceci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Turchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Li Chuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - María Sánchez-Díaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Flavia Tortolici
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Keaton Karlinsey
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocky Giwa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Arena
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Rufini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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13
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Brestoff JR, Frater JL. Contemporary Challenges in Clinical Flow Cytometry: Small Samples, Big Data, Little Time. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:931-944. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Immunophenotypic analysis of cell populations by flow cytometry has an established role in primary diagnosis and disease monitoring of many hematologic diseases. A persistent problem in evaluation of specimens is suboptimal cell counts and low cell viability, which results in an undesirable rate of analysis failure. In addition, the increased amount of data generated in flow cytometry challenges existing data analysis and reporting paradigms.
Content
We describe current and emerging technological improvements in cell analysis that allow the clinical laboratory to perform multiparameter analysis of specimens, including those with low cell counts and other quality issues. These technologies include conventional multicolor flow cytometry and new high-dimensional technologies, such as spectral flow cytometry and mass cytometry that enable detection of over 40 antigens simultaneously. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. We also describe new innovations in flow cytometry data analysis, including artificial intelligence-aided techniques.
Summary
Improvements in analytical technology, in tandem with innovations in data analysis, data storage, and reporting mechanisms, help to optimize the quality of clinical flow cytometry. These improvements are essential because of the expanding role of flow cytometry in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John L Frater
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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14
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Borcherding N, Moley J, Field R, Brestoff JR. Mapping cell-to-cell mitochondria transfer in obesity using high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab189.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disease that promotes the development of a number of other pathologies. Despite its high disease burden, the underlying pathophysiology of obesity is poorly understood. Emerging research has indicated that adipocytes transfer their mitochondria to macrophages in white adipose tissue as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication and that this process is impaired in obesity. However, the diversity of intercellular mitochondria transfer axes that occurs in adipose and its regulation in obesity are not known. Here, we utilized 31-color spectral flow cytometry of adipocyte-specific mitochondria reporter (MitoFat) mice to comprehensively analyze intercellular mitochondria transfer from adipocytes to other cell types in white, beige, and brown adipose tissues. Employing manifold machine learning, we generated reference clusters of cells in 5-month (young) and 20-month-old (aged) MitoFat mice fed a normal chow diet (low fat diet). Using the reference clusters and manifold, we then mapped differences in immune cell populations using nearest neighbor search approximations in MitoFat mice fed normal chow, high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with low palmitate (LP-HFD). The degree of mitochondria transfer from adipocytes to each of the various cell clusters was determined for each tissue and for each condition. We observed that adipocytes transfer their mitochondria to a wide range of immune cell populations, most notably macrophages. Although aged mice develop obesity, surprisingly they do not exhibit decreased mitochondria transfer from adipocytes to macrophages in vivo in white, beige, or brown adipose tissue. In contrast, young mice fed a HFD highly enriched in palmitate exhibit obesity and markedly reduced mitochondria transfer from adipocytes to macrophages. The decrease in mitochondria transfer was largely ameliorated by the replacement of palmitate with medium chain fatty acids, suggesting a potential direct dietary mechanism in the alteration of mitochondria transfer. Overall, the 31-color quantification increased granularity, allowing us to quantify differences in immune populations and mitochondria transfer by tissue, age, and diet. Similar machine-learning approaches could be used to investigate both basic biological and clinical questions by effectively reducing dimensions, mitigating batch effect, and enabling comparisons across different tissues, timepoints, or conditions.
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15
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Lewis AM, Zhang X, Brestoff JR. Editorial: COVID-19 severity in obese patients may be linked to viral load and immune response. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1449-1451. [PMID: 34331761 PMCID: PMC8385843 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xinya Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Zaydman MA, Brestoff JR, Jackups R. Using information theory to optimize a diagnostic threshold to match physician-ordering practice. J Biomed Inform 2021; 117:103756. [PMID: 33766781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinicians order laboratory tests in an effort to reduce diagnostic or therapeutic uncertainty. Information theory provides the opportunity to quantify the degree to which a test result is expected to reduce diagnostic uncertainty. We sought to apply information theory toward the evaluation and optimization of a diagnostic test threshold and to determine if the results would differ from those of conventional methodologies. We used a heparin/PF4 immunoassay (PF4 ELISA) as a case study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The laboratory database was queried for PF4 ELISA and serotonin release assay (SRA) results during the study period, with the latter serving as the gold standard for the disease heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The optimized diagnostic threshold of the PF4 ELISA test was compared using conventional versus information theoretic approaches under idealized (pretest probability = 50%) and realistic (pretest probability = 2.4%) testing conditions. RESULTS Under ideal testing conditions, both analyses yielded a similar optimized optical density (OD) threshold of OD > 0.79. Under realistic testing conditions, information theory suggested a higher threshold, OD > 1.5 versus OD > 0.6. Increasing the diagnostic threshold improved the global information value, the value of a positive test and the noise content with only a minute change in the negative test value. DISCUSSION Our information theoretic approach suggested that the current FDA approved cutoff (OD > 0.4) is overly permissive leading to loss of test value and injection of noise into an already complex diagnostic dilemma. Because our approach is purely statistical and takes as input data that are readily accessible in the clinical laboratory it offers a scalable and data-driven strategy for optimizing test value that may be widely applicable in the domain of laboratory medicine. CONCLUSION Information theory provides more meaningful measures of test value than the widely used accuracy-based metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Zaydman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ronald Jackups
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Brestoff JR, Wilen CB, Moley JR, Li Y, Zou W, Malvin NP, Rowen MN, Saunders BT, Ma H, Mack MR, Hykes BL, Balce DR, Orvedahl A, Williams JW, Rohatgi N, Wang X, McAllaster MR, Handley SA, Kim BS, Doench JG, Zinselmeyer BH, Diamond MS, Virgin HW, Gelman AE, Teitelbaum SL. Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer to Macrophages Regulates White Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Is Impaired in Obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:270-282.e8. [PMID: 33278339 PMCID: PMC7858234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mitochondria can be transferred between cells to support the survival of metabolically compromised cells. However, whether intercellular mitochondria transfer occurs in white adipose tissue (WAT) or regulates metabolic homeostasis in vivo remains unknown. We found that macrophages acquire mitochondria from neighboring adipocytes in vivo and that this process defines a transcriptionally distinct macrophage subpopulation. A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen revealed that mitochondria uptake depends on heparan sulfates (HS). High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice exhibit lower HS levels on WAT macrophages and decreased intercellular mitochondria transfer from adipocytes to macrophages. Deletion of the HS biosynthetic gene Ext1 in myeloid cells decreases mitochondria uptake by WAT macrophages, increases WAT mass, lowers energy expenditure, and exacerbates HFD-induced obesity in vivo. Collectively, this study suggests that adipocytes and macrophages employ intercellular mitochondria transfer as a mechanism of immunometabolic crosstalk that regulates metabolic homeostasis and is impaired in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John R Moley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole P Malvin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina N Rowen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madison R Mack
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael R McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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18
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Zou W, Rohatgi N, Brestoff JR, Li Y, Barve RA, Tycksen E, Kim Y, Silva MJ, Teitelbaum SL. Ablation of Fat Cells in Adult Mice Induces Massive Bone Gain. Cell Metab 2020; 32:801-813.e6. [PMID: 33027637 PMCID: PMC7642038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes control bone mass, but the mechanism is unclear. To explore the effect of postnatal adipocyte elimination on bone cells, we mated mice expressing an inducible primate diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) to those bearing adiponectin (ADQ)-Cre. DTR activation eliminates peripheral and marrow adipocytes in these DTRADQ mice. Within 4 days of DTR activation, the systemic bone mass of DTRADQ mice began to increase due to stimulated osteogenesis, with a 1,000% expansion by 10-14 days post-DTR treatment. This adipocyte ablation-mediated enhancement of skeletal mass reflected bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor activation following the elimination of its inhibitors, associated with simultaneous epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling. DTRADQ-induced osteosclerosis is not due to ablation of peripheral adipocytes but likely reflects the elimination of marrow ADQ-expressing cells. Thus, anabolic drugs targeting BMP receptor inhibitors with short-term EGF receptor activation may be a means of profoundly increasing skeletal mass to prevent or reverse pathological bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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19
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Li Y, Su X, Rohatgi N, Zhang Y, Brestoff JR, Shoghi KI, Xu Y, Semenkovich CF, Harris CA, Peterson LL, Weilbaecher KN, Teitelbaum SL, Zou W. Hepatic lipids promote liver metastasis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136215. [PMID: 32879136 PMCID: PMC7487169 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity predisposes to cancer and a virtual universality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the impact of hepatic steatosis on liver metastasis is enigmatic. We find that while control mice were relatively resistant to hepatic metastasis, those which were lipodystrophic or obese, with NAFLD, had a dramatic increase in breast cancer and melanoma liver metastases. NAFLD promotes liver metastasis by reciprocal activation initiated by tumor-induced triglyceride lipolysis in juxtaposed hepatocytes. The lipolytic products are transferred to cancer cells via fatty acid transporter protein 1, where they are metabolized by mitochondrial oxidation to promote tumor growth. The histology of human liver metastasis indicated the same occurs in humans. Furthermore, comparison of isolates of normal and fatty liver established that steatotic lipids had enhanced tumor-stimulating capacity. Normalization of glucose metabolism by metformin did not reduce steatosis-induced metastasis, establishing the process is not mediated by the metabolic syndrome. Alternatively, eradication of NAFLD in lipodystrophic mice by adipose tissue transplantation reduced breast cancer metastasis to that of control mice, indicating the steatosis-induced predisposition is reversible. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease promotes liver metastasis in mice, likely due to lipid transfer to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Li
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and
| | - Xinming Su
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and.,Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology
| | | | - Yalin Xu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lindsay L Peterson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and
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20
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Li Y, Zou W, Brestoff JR, Rohatgi N, Wu X, Atkinson JP, Harris CA, Teitelbaum SL. Fat-Produced Adipsin Regulates Inflammatory Arthritis. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2809-2816.e3. [PMID: 31167128 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the relationship of obesity and inflammatory arthritis (IA) by selectively expressing diphtheria toxin in adipose tissue yielding "fat-free" (FF) mice completely lacking white and brown fat. FF mice exhibit systemic neutrophilia and elevated serum acute phase proteins suggesting a predisposition to severe IA. Surprisingly, FF mice are resistant to K/BxN serum-induced IA and attendant bone destruction. Despite robust systemic basal neutrophilia, neutrophil infiltration into joints of FF mice does not occur when challenged with K/BxN serum. Absence of adiponectin, leptin, or both has no effect on joint disease, but deletion of the adipokine adipsin (complement factor D) completely prevents serum-induced IA. Confirming that fat-expressed adipsin modulates the disorder, transplantation of wild-type (WT) adipose tissue into FF mice restores susceptibility to IA, whereas recipients of adipsin-deficient fat remain resistant. Thus, adipose tissue regulates development of IA through a pathway in which adipocytes modify neutrophil responses in distant tissues by producing adipsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Li
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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21
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Zou W, Rohatgi N, Brestoff JR, Moley JR, Li Y, Williams JW, Alippe Y, Pan H, Pietka TA, Mbalaviele G, Newberry EP, Davidson NO, Dey A, Shoghi KI, Head RD, Wickline SA, Randolph GJ, Abumrad NA, Teitelbaum SL. Myeloid-specific Asxl2 deletion limits diet-induced obesity by regulating energy expenditure. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2644-2656. [PMID: 32310225 PMCID: PMC7190927 DOI: 10.1172/jci128687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established that global deletion of the enhancer of trithorax and polycomb (ETP) gene, Asxl2, prevents weight gain. Because proinflammatory macrophages recruited to adipose tissue are central to the metabolic complications of obesity, we explored the role of ASXL2 in myeloid lineage cells. Unexpectedly, mice without Asxl2 only in myeloid cells (Asxl2ΔLysM) were completely resistant to diet-induced weight gain and metabolically normal despite increased food intake, comparable activity, and equivalent fecal fat. Asxl2ΔLysM mice resisted HFD-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue metabolism in Asxl2ΔLysM mice were protected from the suppressive effects of HFD, a phenomenon associated with relatively increased catecholamines likely due to their suppressed degradation by macrophages. White adipose tissue of HFD-fed Asxl2ΔLysM mice also exhibited none of the pathological remodeling extant in their control counterparts. Suppression of macrophage Asxl2 expression, via nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery, prevented HFD-induced obesity. Thus, ASXL2 controlled the response of macrophages to dietary factors to regulate metabolic homeostasis, suggesting modulation of the cells' inflammatory phenotype may impact obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
| | | | | | | | - Yongjia Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
| | | | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Terri A. Pietka
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kooresh I. Shoghi
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Richard D. Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel A. Wickline
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nada A. Abumrad
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Mack MR, Brestoff JR, Berrien-Elliott MM, Trier AM, Yang TLB, McCullen M, Collins PL, Niu H, Bodet ND, Wagner JA, Park E, Xu AZ, Wang F, Chibnall R, Council ML, Heffington C, Kreisel F, Margolis DJ, Sheinbein D, Lovato P, Vivier E, Cella M, Colonna M, Yokoyama WM, Oltz EM, Fehniger TA, Kim BS. Blood natural killer cell deficiency reveals an immunotherapy strategy for atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaay1005. [PMID: 32102931 PMCID: PMC7433875 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread, chronic skin disease associated with aberrant allergic inflammation. Current treatments involve either broad or targeted immunosuppression strategies. However, enhancing the immune system to control disease remains untested. We demonstrate that patients with AD harbor a blood natural killer (NK) cell deficiency that both has diagnostic value and improves with therapy. Multidimensional protein and RNA profiling revealed subset-level changes associated with enhanced NK cell death. Murine NK cell deficiency was associated with enhanced type 2 inflammation in the skin, suggesting that NK cells play a critical immunoregulatory role in this context. On the basis of these findings, we used an NK cell-boosting interleukin-15 (IL-15) superagonist and observed marked improvement in AD-like disease in mice. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized application of IL-15 superagonism, currently in development for cancer immunotherapy, as an immunotherapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R Mack
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna M Trier
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ting-Lin B Yang
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew McCullen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haixia Niu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nancy D Bodet
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eugene Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy Z Xu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca Chibnall
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M Laurin Council
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Friederike Kreisel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David J Margolis
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Sheinbein
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paola Lovato
- Skin Research, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Eric Vivier
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Wexner School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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23
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Zaydman MA, Brestoff JR, Logsdon N, Gronowski AM. Kinetic Approach Extends the Analytical Measurement Range and Corrects Antigen Excess in Homogeneous Turbidimetric Immunoassays. J Appl Lab Med 2019; 4:214-223. [PMID: 31639666 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2019.029256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassays are widely used in the clinical laboratory and offer short assay times, reduced reagent costs, and the potential for full automation. However, these assays have a limited analytical measurement range (AMR) above which antigen excess leads to falsely low estimates of the analyte concentration (i.e., the hook effect). Traditional methods for correction of antigen excess require sample dilution, compromising time and cost-efficiency. Therefore, novel methods that extend the AMR are needed. METHODS A kinetic model of a generic homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassay was built and then parameterized using a genetic algorithm. Kinetic features that could be used to extend the AMR were identified and subsequently validated with clinical data from consecutive measurements of 2 homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassays: κ serum free light chain and rheumatoid factor. RESULTS A novel kinetic parameter, the area under the curvature (AUCU), was derived that increases in proportion to the analyte concentration in a range beyond the AMR of conventional end point methods. When applied to clinical data, the AUCU method provided a log-linear calibration curve in the zone of antigen excess extending the AMR by >10-fold for 2 different immunoassays. CONCLUSIONS The AUCU method detects and corrects antigen excess, extending the AMR in homogeneous turbidimetric immunoassays. The advantage of this method over conventional methods would be a reduction in the number of repeated samples, resulting in significant time and cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Zaydman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Ann M Gronowski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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24
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Zou W, Rohatgi N, Brestoff JR, Zhang Y, Scheller EL, Craft CS, Brodt MD, Migotsky N, Silva MJ, Harris CA, Teitelbaum SL. Congenital lipodystrophy induces severe osteosclerosis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008244. [PMID: 31233501 PMCID: PMC6611650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Berardinelli-Seip congenital generalized lipodystrophy is associated with increased bone mass suggesting that fat tissue regulates the skeleton. Because there is little mechanistic information regarding this issue, we generated "fat-free" (FF) mice completely lacking visible visceral, subcutaneous and brown fat. Due to robust osteoblastic activity, trabecular and cortical bone volume is markedly enhanced in these animals. FF mice, like Berardinelli-Seip patients, are diabetic but normalization of glucose tolerance and significant reduction in circulating insulin fails to alter their skeletal phenotype. Importantly, the skeletal phenotype of FF mice is completely rescued by transplantation of adipocyte precursors or white or brown fat depots, indicating that adipocyte derived products regulate bone mass. Confirming such is the case, transplantation of fat derived from adiponectin and leptin double knockout mice, unlike that obtained from their WT counterparts, fails to normalize FF bone. These observations suggest a paucity of leptin and adiponectin may contribute to the increased bone mass of Berardinelli-Seip patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Clarissa S. Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Brodt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Nicole Migotsky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Brestoff JR, Toland A, Afaneh K, Qavi AJ, Press B, Westervelt P, Kreisel F, Hassan A. Bone Marrow Biopsy Needle Type Affects Core Biopsy Specimen Length and Quality and Aspirate Hemodilution. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:185-193. [PMID: 30307478 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone marrow biopsies are essential for evaluating patients with suspected or confirmed hematopoietic disorders or malignancies, but little is known about how biopsy needle type affects biopsy length and/or quality. We sought to compare bone marrow biopsy quality in specimens obtained with two different needles. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on bone marrow specimens obtained with manual single-bevel (n = 114) or triple-bevel (n = 166) needles. The lengths of evaluable marrow, core quality, and aspirate quality were assessed by blinded hematopathologists. Results The triple-bevel needle produced 1.33-mm shorter lengths of evaluable marrow than the single-bevel needle and was five times less likely to produce a specimen rated as "adequate" and 4.2 times more likely to produce crush artifact. The triple-bevel needle was also 2.4 times more likely to produce hemodilute aspirates. Conclusions Bone marrow biopsy needle type affects the length of evaluable marrow and quality of core and aspirate specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Khalid Afaneh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Abraham J Qavi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Barbara Press
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Friederike Kreisel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Anjum Hassan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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26
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Moriyama S, Brestoff JR, Flamar AL, Moeller JB, Klose CSN, Rankin LC, Yudanin NA, Monticelli LA, Putzel GG, Rodewald HR, Artis D. β 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated negative regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses. Science 2018; 359:1056-1061. [PMID: 29496881 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The type 2 inflammatory response is induced by various environmental and infectious stimuli. Although recent studies identified group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) as potent sources of type 2 cytokines, the molecular pathways controlling ILC2 responses are incompletely defined. Here we demonstrate that murine ILC2s express the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and colocalize with adrenergic neurons in the intestine. β2AR deficiency resulted in exaggerated ILC2 responses and type 2 inflammation in intestinal and lung tissues. Conversely, β2AR agonist treatment was associated with impaired ILC2 responses and reduced inflammation in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the β2AR pathway is a cell-intrinsic negative regulator of ILC2 responses through inhibition of cell proliferation and effector function. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence of a neuronal-derived regulatory circuit that limits ILC2-dependent type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Moriyama
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lucille C Rankin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Naomi A Yudanin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Laurel A Monticelli
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory Garbès Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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27
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Mack MR, Brestoff JR, Niu H, Whelan TM, Oetjen LK, Bodet ND, Wang F, Xu AZ, Park E, Margolis DJ, Yokoyama WM, Kim BS. Natural killer cell dysregulation underlies atopic dermatitis. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.45.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy rashes that affects 5–10% of the US adults. AD commonly presents in childhood and is known to be complicated by reduced antiviral skin immunity. Although classically thought to be driven by adaptive TH2 cells, recent work has demonstrated that dysregulation of innate immune cells such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and basophils can promote its pathogenesis. However, how these innate immune cells become dysregulated remains unclear. Using paired RNA-Seq of lesional and non-lesional skin in patients, we identified an enrichment for natural killer (NK) cell-associated gene sets in AD skin lesions. NK cells are well-recognized innate effector cells for antiviral and anticancer immunity. However, their role in AD has not been established. We utilized unbiased multidimensional analysis of gene expression and flow cytometry data to identify underlying NK cell dysregulation in AD patients. Further, we demonstrate that NK cells negatively regulate type 2 inflammation in a mouse model of AD. Collectively, these studies reveal previously unrecognized functions of NK cells in cutaneous immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Wang
- 1Washington Univ. Sch. of Med. in St. Louis
| | - Amy Z. Xu
- 1Washington Univ. Sch. of Med. in St. Louis
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28
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Wilen CB, Lee S, Hsieh LL, Orchard RC, Desai C, Hykes BL, McAllaster MR, Balce DR, Feehley T, Brestoff JR, Hickey CA, Yokoyama CC, Wang YT, MacDuff DA, Kreamalmayer D, Howitt MR, Neil JA, Cadwell K, Allen PM, Handley SA, van Lookeren Campagne M, Baldridge MT, Virgin HW. Tropism for tuft cells determines immune promotion of norovirus pathogenesis. Science 2018; 360:204-208. [PMID: 29650672 PMCID: PMC6039974 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions between host immunity and the microbiome regulate norovirus infection. However, the mechanism of host immune promotion of enteric virus infection remains obscure. The cellular tropism of noroviruses is also unknown. Recently, we identified CD300lf as a murine norovirus (MNoV) receptor. In this study, we have shown that tuft cells, a rare type of intestinal epithelial cell, express CD300lf and are the target cell for MNoV in the mouse intestine. We found that type 2 cytokines, which induce tuft cell proliferation, promote MNoV infection in vivo. These cytokines can replace the effect of commensal microbiota in promoting virus infection. Our work thus provides insight into how the immune system and microbes can coordinately promote enteric viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Wilen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leon L Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert C Orchard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael R McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Feehley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina A Hickey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christine C Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donna A MacDuff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmayer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael R Howitt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Neil
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Kesterson K, Nahmias Z, Brestoff JR, Bodet ND, Kau A, Kim BS. Generalized pruritus relieved by NSAIDs in the setting of mast cell activation syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6:2130-2131. [PMID: 29577987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Kesterson
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Zachary Nahmias
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Nancy D Bodet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Andrew Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
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Brestoff JR, Tesfazghi MT, Zaydman MA, Jackups R, Kim BS, Scott MG, Gronowski AM, Grossman BJ. The B antigen protects against the development of red meat allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6:1790-1791.e3. [PMID: 29510233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.
| | - Merih T Tesfazghi
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Mark A Zaydman
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Ronald Jackups
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Mitchell G Scott
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Ann M Gronowski
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Brenda J Grossman
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
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Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Feng J, Whelan TM, Niu H, Guo CJ, Chen S, Trier AM, Xu AZ, Tripathi SV, Luo J, Gao X, Yang L, Hamilton SL, Wang PL, Brestoff JR, Council ML, Brasington R, Schaffer A, Brombacher F, Hsieh CS, Gereau RW, Miller MJ, Chen ZF, Hu H, Davidson S, Liu Q, Kim BS. Neuronal IL-4Rα and JAK1 signaling critically mediate atopic dermatitis-associated. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Brestoff JR, Tesfazghi MT, Jackups R, Scott MG, Gronowski AM, Grossman BJ. B Antigen Protects Against the Development of α-Gal-mediated Red Meat Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Meisel JS, Sfyroera G, Bartow-McKenney C, Gimblet C, Bugayev J, Horwinski J, Kim B, Brestoff JR, Tyldsley AS, Zheng Q, Hodkinson BP, Artis D, Grice EA. Commensal microbiota modulate gene expression in the skin. Microbiome 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 29378633 PMCID: PMC5789709 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin harbors complex communities of resident microorganisms, yet little is known of their physiological roles and the molecular mechanisms that mediate cutaneous host-microbe interactions. Here, we profiled skin transcriptomes of mice reared in the presence and absence of microbiota to elucidate the range of pathways and functions modulated in the skin by the microbiota. RESULTS A total of 2820 genes were differentially regulated in response to microbial colonization and were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms related to the host-immune response and epidermal differentiation. Innate immune response genes and genes involved in cytokine activity were generally upregulated in response to microbiota and included genes encoding toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides, the complement cascade, and genes involved in IL-1 family cytokine signaling and homing of T cells. Our results also reveal a role for the microbiota in modulating epidermal differentiation and development, with differential expression of genes in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). Genes with correlated co-expression patterns were enriched in binding sites for the transcription factors Klf4, AP-1, and SP-1, all implicated as regulators of epidermal differentiation. Finally, we identified transcriptional signatures of microbial regulation common to both the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS With this foundational approach, we establish a critical resource for understanding the genome-wide implications of microbially mediated gene expression in the skin and emphasize prospective ways in which the microbiome contributes to skin health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn S Meisel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Georgia Sfyroera
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Casey Bartow-McKenney
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ciara Gimblet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Bugayev
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Horwinski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amanda S Tyldsley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brendan P Hodkinson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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34
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Brestoff JR, Vessoni AT, Brenner KA, Uy GL, DiPersio JF, Blinder M, Witt CA, Byers DE, Hachem RR, Truclock EP, Early DS, Anadkat MJ, Musiek A, Javidan-Nejad C, Balfe DM, Rosman IS, Liu C, Zhang L, Despotis GJ, Ruzinova MB, Sehn JK, Amarillo I, Heusel JW, Swat W, Kim BS, Wartman LD, Yusen RD, Batista LFZ. Acute graft-versus-host disease following lung transplantation in a patient with a novel TERT mutation. Thorax 2018; 73:489-492. [PMID: 29382801 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Familial pulmonary fibrosis is associated with loss-of-function mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and short telomeres. Interstitial lung diseases have become the leading indication for lung transplantation in the USA, and recent data indicate that pathogenic mutations in telomerase may cause unfavourable outcomes following lung transplantation. Although a rare occurrence, solid organ transplant recipients who develop acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have very poor survival. This case report describes the detection of a novel mutation in TERT in a patient who had lung transplantation for familial pulmonary fibrosis and died from complications of acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexandre T Vessoni
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kirsten A Brenner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Uy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Morey Blinder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chad A Witt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Derek E Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elbert P Truclock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dayna S Early
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Milan J Anadkat
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy Musiek
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cylen Javidan-Nejad
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis M Balfe
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilana S Rosman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - George J Despotis
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marianna B Ruzinova
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sehn
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ina Amarillo
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan W Heusel
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wojcieh Swat
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lukas D Wartman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roger D Yusen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of General Medical Education, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luis F Z Batista
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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35
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Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Feng J, Whelan TM, Niu H, Guo CJ, Chen S, Trier AM, Xu AZ, Tripathi SV, Luo J, Gao X, Yang L, Hamilton SL, Wang PL, Brestoff JR, Council ML, Brasington R, Schaffer A, Brombacher F, Hsieh CS, Gereau RW, Miller MJ, Chen ZF, Hu H, Davidson S, Liu Q, Kim BS. Sensory Neurons Co-opt Classical Immune Signaling Pathways to Mediate Chronic Itch. Cell 2017; 171:217-228.e13. [PMID: 28890086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have evolved neurophysiologic reflexes, such as coughing and scratching, to expel invading pathogens and noxious environmental stimuli. It is well established that these responses are also associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. However, the mechanisms by which inflammatory pathways promote sensations such as itch remain poorly understood. Here, we show that type 2 cytokines directly activate sensory neurons in both mice and humans. Further, we demonstrate that chronic itch is dependent on neuronal IL-4Rα and JAK1 signaling. We also observe that patients with recalcitrant chronic itch that failed other immunosuppressive therapies markedly improve when treated with JAK inhibitors. Thus, signaling mechanisms previously ascribed to the immune system may represent novel therapeutic targets within the nervous system. Collectively, this study reveals an evolutionarily conserved paradigm in which the sensory nervous system employs classical immune signaling pathways to influence mammalian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Oetjen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madison R Mack
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy M Whelan
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haixia Niu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Changxiong J Guo
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Anna M Trier
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy Z Xu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shivani V Tripathi
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lihua Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha L Hamilton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M Laurin Council
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard Brasington
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - András Schaffer
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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36
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Williams JW, Elvington A, Ivanov S, Kessler S, Luehmann H, Baba O, Saunders BT, Kim KW, Johnson MW, Craft CS, Choi JH, Sorci-Thomas MG, Zinselmeyer BH, Brestoff JR, Liu Y, Randolph GJ. Thermoneutrality but Not UCP1 Deficiency Suppresses Monocyte Mobilization Into Blood. Circ Res 2017; 121:662-676. [PMID: 28696252 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ambient temperature is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cold weather increases cardiovascular events, but paradoxically, cold exposure is metabolically protective because of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1)-dependent thermogenesis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the differential effects of ambient environmental temperature challenge and UCP1 activation in relation to cardiovascular disease progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Using mouse models of atherosclerosis housed at 3 different ambient temperatures, we observed that cold temperature enhanced, whereas thermoneutral housing temperature inhibited atherosclerotic plaque growth, as did deficiency in UCP1. However, whereas UCP1 deficiency promoted poor glucose tolerance, thermoneutral housing enhanced glucose tolerance, and this effect held even in the context of UCP1 deficiency. In conditions of thermoneutrality, but not UCP1 deficiency, circulating monocyte counts were reduced, likely accounting for fewer monocytes entering plaques. Reductions in circulating blood monocytes were also found in a large human cohort in correlation with environmental temperature. By contrast, reduced plaque growth in mice lacking UCP1 was linked to lower cholesterol. Through application of a positron emission tomographic tracer to track CCR2+ cell localization and intravital 2-photon imaging of bone marrow, we associated thermoneutrality with an increased monocyte retention in bone marrow. Pharmacological activation of β3-adrenergic receptors applied to mice housed at thermoneutrality induced UCP1 in beige fat pads but failed to promote monocyte egress from the marrow. CONCLUSIONS Warm ambient temperature is, like UCP1 deficiency, atheroprotective, but the mechanisms of action differ. Thermoneutrality associates with reduced monocyte egress from the bone marrow in a UCP1-dependent manner in mice and likewise may also suppress blood monocyte counts in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Williams
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Andrew Elvington
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Skyler Kessler
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Osamu Baba
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Brian T Saunders
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Michael W Johnson
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Yongjian Liu
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.)
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.W.W., A.E., S.I., S.K., O.B., B.T.S., K.-W.K., M.W.J., J.-H.C., B.H.Z., J.R.B., G.J.R.), Department of Radiology (H.L., Y.L.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases (C.S.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis (A.E.); Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.C.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.G.S.-T.).
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Brestoff JR, Zaydman MA, Scott MG, Gronowski AM. Diagnosis of red meat allergy with antigen-specific IgE tests in serum. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.194.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Red meat allergy is a tick-associated hypersensitivity reaction to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) and is characterized by anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria and/or gastrointestinal symptoms occurring 3–6 hours after ingesting red meat such as beef, pork, or lamb. Diagnosis of red meat allergy is challenging due to the unusually long delay in symptom onset and poor sensitivity of skin prick tests with commercial meat extracts. The primary diagnostic tools available for this disease are quantification of α-gal-, beef-, pork-, and/or lamb-specific IgE in serum, however the diagnostic performance of these tests has not been reported. Using patient data for n=135 patients with red meat allergy and n=37 controls, we found that measurement of α-gal-specific IgE using the bovine thyroglobulin (bTG) ImmunoCAP method had the best overall sensitivity (100%) and specificity (92.3%) for diagnosis of red meat allergy. Measuring α-gal-specific IgE using the streptavidin (SA)-CAP technique or beef- or pork-specific IgE using ImmunoCAP were also effective tests with high sensitivities (89–92%) and variable specificities (65–82%). Lamb-specific IgE and total IgE had essentially no diagnostic value for red meat allergy. Positive and negative predictive values mirrored these trends. Taken together, these findings indicate that the α-gal-specific IgE test by bTG ImmunoCAP is the most useful for establishing a diagnosis of red meat allergy, although α-gal-specific IgE by SA-CAP and beef- and pork-specific IgE by ImmunoCAP are also effective tests.
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Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Whelan TM, Guo CJ, Yang L, Hamilton SL, Wang PL, Niu H, Feng J, Xu AZ, Tripathi SV, Luo J, Brestoff JR, Schaffer A, Hsieh CS, Gereau RW, Miller MJ, Hu H, Davidson S, Liu Q, Kim BS. Sensory neurons co-opt classical immune signaling pathways to mediate chronic itch. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.63.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammals have evolved neurophysiologic reflexes such as scratching to expel invading pathogens and noxious environmental factors. It is also well established that these responses are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis. However, the mechanisms by which inflammatory pathways promote sensations such as itch remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 directly stimulate sensory neurons and that chronic itch is dependent on neuronal IL-4Rα, the shared receptor subunit for IL-4 and IL-13. Based on our understanding of IL-4Rα signaling in immune cells, we hypothesized that downstream Janus kinase (JAK) signaling in sensory neurons would be a critical mediator of itch. Indeed, we find that both systemic JAK inhibition and interruption of JAK signaling in the nervous system can dramatically reduce itch. Further, sensory neuron-specific genetic deletion of JAK1 results in robust abatement of chronic itch in mice. Finally, in proof-of-concept translational studies, patients with recalcitrant chronic itch improved rapidly and dramatically in response to JAK inhibition. Thus, signaling mechanisms previously ascribed to the immune system may represent novel targets within the sensory nervous system for the treatment of pathologic sensory responses. Collectively, these studies reveal an evolutionarily conserved paradigm in which the sensory nervous system employs classical immune signaling pathways to influence mammalian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihua Yang
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | | | - Peter L Wang
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Haixia Niu
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Jing Feng
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Amy Z Xu
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | | | - Jialie Luo
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark J Miller
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | | | - Qin Liu
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Brian S Kim
- 1Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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Abstract
Beige and brown adipocytes are thermogenic cells essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis within white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), respectively. Emerging studies indicate that various immune cell types such as alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs), eosinophils, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) critically regulate beige and/or brown adipocyte development and activation to protect against obesity and maintain core body temperature. These findings suggest that studies of beige and brown adipose tissue may benefit from traditional immunologic approaches such as flow cytometry of immune cells residing within WAT and BAT. The purpose of this article is to describe an efficient method to isolate immune cells from numerous adipose tissue samples in parallel. The composition, phenotype, and activation state of cells isolated with this protocol may then be assessed by multiple methods including but not limited to flow cytometry. As an example, this article briefly describes a method to identify AAMacs, eosinophils, and ILC2s in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Brestoff JR, Brodsky T, Sosinsky AZ, McLoughlin R, Stansky E, Fussell L, Sheppard A, DiSanto-Rose M, Kershaw EE, Reynolds TH. Manganese [III] Tetrakis [5,10,15,20]-Benzoic Acid Porphyrin Reduces Adiposity and Improves Insulin Action in Mice with Pre-Existing Obesity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137388. [PMID: 26397111 PMCID: PMC4580604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The superoxide dismutase mimetic manganese [III] tetrakis [5,10,15,20]-benzoic acid porphyrin (MnTBAP) is a potent antioxidant compound that has been shown to limit weight gain during short-term high fat feeding without preventing insulin resistance. However, whether MnTBAP has therapeutic potential to treat pre-existing obesity and insulin resistance remains unknown. To investigate this, mice were treated with MnTBAP or vehicle during the last five weeks of a 24-week high fat diet (HFD) regimen. MnTBAP treatment significantly decreased body weight and reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass in mice fed a HFD and a low fat diet (LFD). The reduction in adiposity was associated with decreased caloric intake without significantly altering energy expenditure, indicating that MnTBAP decreases adiposity in part by modulating energy balance. MnTBAP treatment also improved insulin action in HFD-fed mice, a physiologic response that was associated with increased protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation and expression in muscle and WAT. Since MnTBAP is a metalloporphyrin molecule, we hypothesized that its ability to promote weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity was regulated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in a similar fashion as cobalt protoporphyrins. Despite MnTBAP treatment increasing HO-1 expression, administration of the potent HO-1 inhibitor tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) did not block the ability of MnTBAP to alter caloric intake, adiposity, or insulin action, suggesting that MnTBAP influences these metabolic processes independent of HO-1. These data demonstrate that MnTBAP can ameliorate pre-existing obesity and improve insulin action by reducing caloric intake and increasing PKB phosphorylation and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Tim Brodsky
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Z. Sosinsky
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan McLoughlin
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena Stansky
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Leila Fussell
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Aaron Sheppard
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria DiSanto-Rose
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Reynolds
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Brestoff JR, Artis D. Immune regulation of metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Cell 2015; 161:146-160. [PMID: 25815992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide. While genetic and environmental factors are known to regulate the development of obesity and associated metabolic diseases, emerging studies indicate that innate and adaptive immune cell responses in adipose tissue have critical roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In the lean state, type 2 cytokine-associated immune cell responses predominate in white adipose tissue and protect against weight gain and insulin resistance through direct effects on adipocytes and elicitation of beige adipose. In obesity, these metabolically beneficial immune pathways become dysregulated, and adipocytes and other factors initiate metabolically deleterious type 1 inflammation that impairs glucose metabolism. This review discusses our current understanding of the functions of different types of adipose tissue and how immune cells regulate adipocyte function and metabolic homeostasis in the context of health and disease and highlights. We also highlight the potential of targeting immuno-metabolic pathways as a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Kim BS, Wang K, Siracusa MC, Saenz SA, Brestoff JR, Monticelli LA, Noti M, Tait Wojno ED, Fung TC, Kubo M, Artis D. Basophils promote innate lymphoid cell responses in inflamed skin. J Immunol 2014; 193:3717-25. [PMID: 25156365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation underlies allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, which is characterized by the accumulation of basophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in inflamed skin lesions. Although murine studies have demonstrated that cutaneous basophil and ILC2 responses are dependent on thymic stromal lymphopoietin, whether these cell populations interact to regulate the development of cutaneous type 2 inflammation is poorly defined. In this study, we identify that basophils and ILC2s significantly accumulate in inflamed human and murine skin and form clusters not observed in control skin. We demonstrate that murine basophil responses precede ILC2 responses and that basophils are the dominant IL-4-enhanced GFP-expressing cell type in inflamed skin. Furthermore, basophils and IL-4 were necessary for the optimal accumulation of ILC2s and induction of atopic dermatitis-like disease. We show that ILC2s express IL-4Rα and proliferate in an IL-4-dependent manner. Additionally, basophil-derived IL-4 was required for cutaneous ILC2 responses in vivo and directly regulated ILC2 proliferation ex vivo. Collectively, these data reveal a previously unrecognized role for basophil-derived IL-4 in promoting ILC2 responses during cutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kelvin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven A Saenz
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Laurel A Monticelli
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mario Noti
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Thomas C Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Research Center for Integrative Medical Science, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - David Artis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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43
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Brestoff JR, Artis D. Commensal bacteria at the interface of host metabolism and the immune system. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:676-84. [PMID: 23778795 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the site of digestion and nutrient absorption, harbors trillions of beneficial commensal microbes from all three domains of life. Commensal bacteria, in particular, are key participants in the digestion of food, and are responsible for the extraction and synthesis of nutrients and other metabolites that are essential for the maintenance of mammalian health. Many of these nutrients and metabolites derived from commensal bacteria have been implicated in the development, homeostasis and function of the immune system, suggesting that commensal bacteria may influence host immunity via nutrient- and metabolite-dependent mechanisms. Here we review the current knowledge of how commensal bacteria regulate the production and bioavailability of immunomodulatory, diet-dependent nutrients and metabolites and discuss how these commensal bacteria-derived products may regulate the development and function of the mammalian immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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44
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Saenz SA, Siracusa MC, Monticelli LA, Ziegler CGK, Kim BS, Brestoff JR, Peterson LW, Wherry EJ, Goldrath AW, Bhandoola A, Artis D. IL-25 simultaneously elicits distinct populations of innate lymphoid cells and multipotent progenitor type 2 (MPPtype2) cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1823-37. [PMID: 23960191 PMCID: PMC3754870 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-25 preferentially elicits multipotent progenitor type 2 cells, which are distinct from other populations of type 2 innate lymphoid cells. The predominantly epithelial cell–derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) can promote CD4+ Th2 cell–dependent immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair at barrier surfaces through the induction of multiple innate immune cell populations. IL-25 and IL-33 were previously shown to elicit four innate cell populations, named natural helper cells, nuocytes, innate type 2 helper cells, and multipotent progenitor type 2 (MPPtype2) cells, now collectively termed group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). In contrast to other types of ILC2, MPPtype2 cells exhibit multipotent potential and do not express T1/ST2 or IL-7Rα, suggesting that MPPtype2 cells may be a distinct population. Here, we show that IL-33 elicits robust ILC2 responses, whereas IL-25 predominantly promotes MPPtype2 cell responses at multiple tissue sites with limited effects on ILC2 responses. MPPtype2 cells were distinguished from ILC2 by their differential developmental requirements for specific transcription factors, distinct genome-wide transcriptional profile, and functional potential. Furthermore, IL-25–induced MPPtype2 cells promoted Th2 cytokine–associated inflammation after depletion of ILC2. These findings indicate that IL-25 simultaneously elicits phenotypically and functionally distinct innate lymphoid– and nonlymphoid-associated cell populations and implicate IL-25–elicited MPPtype2 cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the promotion of Th2 cytokine responses at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Saenz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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45
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Arciero PJ, Ormsbee MJ, Gentile CL, Nindl BC, Brestoff JR, Ruby M. Increased protein intake and meal frequency reduces abdominal fat during energy balance and energy deficit. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1357-66. [PMID: 23703835 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unrefined, complex carbohydrates and lean protein diets are used to combat obesity, although it's unknown whether more frequent meals may improve this response. The effects of consuming traditional (~15%) versus higher (~35%) protein intakes as three or six meals/day on abdominal fat, postprandial thermogenesis (TEM), and cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight individuals during 28 days of energy balance (BAL) and deficit (NEG), respectively were compared. DESIGN AND METHODS Overweight individuals (n = 30) were randomized into three groups: two high-protein groups (35% of energy) consumed as three (HP3) or six (HP6) meals/day and one group consumed three meals/day of a traditional intake (TD3). Following a 5-day baseline control (CON), subjects consumed their respective diets throughout a 56-day intervention consisting of two, 28 day phases: a BAL followed by a NEG phase (75% of energy needs). Total body fat (BF) and abdominal BF (ABF), body weight (BW), TEM, and fasting biomarkers were assessed at the end of CON, BAL, and NEG phases. RESULTS BW remained stable throughout CON and BAL in all groups, whereas BF (P < 0.001) and ABF (P < 0.01) decreased in HP groups and lean body mass (LBM) and leptin increased in HP6. Following NEG, BW decreased in all groups. BF, ABF, and leptin decreased in HP groups; LBM remained higher (P < 0.05), and TEM was highest in HP6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Consuming increased protein (∼35%) more frequently (6×) throughout the day decreases BF and ABF, increases LBM and TEM, and favorably affects adipokines more than current recommendations for macronutrients consumed over three meals/day in overweight individuals during both BAL and NEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Arciero
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA.
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Sosinsky AZ, Brestoff JR, Stansky E, Fussell L, Brodsky TW, Donohue J, Sheppard A, Reynolds TH. MnTBAP Reduces Adiposity and Increases Bio‐markers for Mitochondrial Biogenesis. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1202.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Stansky
- Health and Exercise SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNY
| | - Leila Fussell
- Health and Exercise SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNY
| | | | - Jacob Donohue
- Health and Exercise SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNY
| | - Aaron Sheppard
- Health and Exercise SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNY
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Van den Broeck J, Brestoff JR. Re: Book review: O.S. Miettinen: Up from clinical epidemiology & EBM. Eur J Epidemiol 2012. [PMCID: PMC3374108 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brestoff JR, Perry IJ, Van den Broeck J. Challenging the role of social norms regarding body weight as an explanation for weight, height, and BMI misreporting biases: development and application of a new approach to examining misreporting and misclassification bias in surveys. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:331. [PMID: 21592341 PMCID: PMC3121629 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cultural pressures to be thin and tall are postulated to cause people to misreport their body weight and height towards more socially normative (i.e., desirable) values, but a paucity of direct evidence supports this idea. We developed a novel non-linear approach to examining weight, height, and BMI misreporting biases and used this approach to examine the association between socially non-normative weight and misreporting biases in adults. Methods The Survey of Lifestyles, Attitudes, and Nutrition 2007 (SLÁN 2007), a nationally representative survey of the Republic of Ireland (N = 1942 analyzed) was used. Self-reported weight (height) was classified as under-reported by ≥2.0 kg (2.0 cm), over-reported by ≥2.0 kg (2.0 cm), or accurately reported within 2.0 kg (2.0 cm) to account for technical errors of measurement and short-term fluctuations in measured weight (height). A simulation strategy was used to define self-report-based BMI as under-estimated by more than 1.40 kg/m2, over-estimated by more than 1.40 kg/m2, or accurately estimated within 1.40 kg/m2. Patterns of biases in self-reported weight, height, and BMI were explored. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mis-estimated BMI and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 99% confidence intervals (99%CI). Results The patterns of bias contributing the most to BMI mis-estimation were consistently, in decreasing order of influence, (1) under-reported weight combined with over-reported height, (2) under-reported weight with accurately reported height, and (3) accurately reported weight with over-reported height. Average bias in self-report-based BMI was -1.34 kg/m2 overall and -0.49, -1.33, and -2.66 kg/m2 in normal, overweight, and obese categories, respectively. Despite the increasing degree of bias with progressively higher BMI categories, persons describing themselves as too heavy were, within any given BMI category, less likely to have under-estimated BMI (AOR 0.5, 99%CI: 0.3-0.8, P < 0.001), to be misclassified in a lower BMI category (AOR 0.3, 99%CI: 0.2-0.5, P < 0.001), to under-report weight (AOR 0.5, 99%CI: 0.3-0.7, P < 0.001), and to over-report height (OR 0.7, 99%CI: 0.6-1.0, P = 0.007). Conclusions A novel non-linear approach to examining weight, height, and BMI misreporting biases was developed. Perceiving oneself as too heavy appears to reduce rather than exacerbate weight, height, and BMI misreporting biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health & HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Curtis JM, Grimsrud PA, Wright WS, Xu X, Foncea RE, Graham DW, Brestoff JR, Wiczer BM, Ilkayeva O, Cianflone K, Muoio DE, Arriaga EA, Bernlohr DA. Downregulation of adipose glutathione S-transferase A4 leads to increased protein carbonylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes 2010; 59:1132-42. [PMID: 20150287 PMCID: PMC2857893 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral insulin resistance is linked to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading in part to the production of reactive lipid aldehydes that modify the side chains of protein amino acids in a reaction termed protein carbonylation. The primary enzymatic method for lipid aldehyde detoxification is via glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) dependent glutathionylation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of GSTA4 and the role(s) of protein carbonylation in adipocyte function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GSTA4-silenced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and GSTA4-null mice were evaluated for metabolic processes, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species production. GSTA4 expression in human obesity was evaluated using microarray analysis. RESULTS GSTA4 expression is selectively downregulated in adipose tissue of obese insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice and in human obesity-linked insulin resistance. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased GSTA4 expression, and silencing GSTA4 mRNA in cultured adipocytes resulted in increased protein carbonylation, increased mitochondrial ROS, dysfunctional state 3 respiration, and altered glucose transport and lipolysis. Mitochondrial function in adipocytes of lean or obese GSTA4-null mice was significantly compromised compared with wild-type controls and was accompanied by an increase in superoxide anion. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that downregulation of GSTA4 in adipose tissue leads to increased protein carbonylation, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy S. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rocio E. Foncea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David W. Graham
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian M. Wiczer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Deborah E. Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Corresponding author: David A. Bernlohr,
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Brestoff JR, Clippinger B, Spinella T, von Duvillard SP, Nindl BC, Nindl B, Arciero PJ. An acute bout of endurance exercise but not sprint interval exercise enhances insulin sensitivity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34:25-32. [PMID: 19234582 DOI: 10.1139/h08-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An acute bout of endurance exercise (EE) enhances insulin sensitivity, but the effects of sprint interval exercise (SIE) have not yet been described. We sought to compare insulin sensitivity at baseline and after an acute bout of EE and SIE in healthy men (n = 8) and women (n = 5) (age, 20.7 +/- 0.3 years; peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), 42.6 +/- 1.7 mL.kg(-1).min(-1); <1.5 days.week(-1) structured exercise; body fat, 21.1 +/- 1.9%). Subjects underwent 3 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT(s)) the day after each of the following 3 conditions: no exercise, baseline (OGTT(B)); SIE at approximately 125% VO(2 peak) (OGTT(SIE)); and EE at approximately 75% VO(2 peak )(OGTT(EE)). SIE and EE sessions were randomized for each subject. Subjects consumed identical meals the day preceding each OGTT. Two insulin sensitivity indices - composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI-COMP) and ISI-hepatic insulin sensitivity (HOMA) - were calculated, using previously validated formulas (ISI-COMP = 10 000/ radical(glucose(fasting)) x insulin(fasting) x glucose(mean OGTT) x insulin(mean OGTT)); ISI-HOMA = 22.5/(insulin(fasting) x glucose(fasting)), and the plasma concentrations of cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured. There were no differences by sex for any condition (men vs. women, p > 0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficients between ISI-COMP and ISI-HOMA for each condition were highly correlated (p < 0.01), and followed similar patterns of response. ISI-COMP(EE) was 71.4% higher than ISI-COMP(B) (8.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 4.9 +/- 1.0; p < 0.01) and 40.0% higher than ISI-COMPSIE (8.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 6.0 +/- 1.5; p < 0.05), but there was no difference between ISI-COMP(B) and ISI-COMP(SIE) (p = 0.182). VO(2 peak) was highly correlated with both ISI-COMP and ISI-HOMA during baseline and SIE test conditions (p < 0.02). These findings demonstrate that an acute bout of EE, but not SIE, increases insulin sensitivity relative to a no-exercise control condition in healthy males and females. While these findings underscore the use of regular EE as an effective intervention strategy against insulin resistance, additional research examining repeated sessions of SIE on insulin sensitivity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Exercise Science, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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