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Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:2133-2161. [PMID: 38642570 PMCID: PMC11122111 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44-2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64-3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7-17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8-6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7-10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0-234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7-198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3-214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0-171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3-51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9-52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54-1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5-9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0-19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9-21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0-17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7-27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6-63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4-64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6-2·9) between 2019 and 2021. INTERPRETATION Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Schuermans A, Schumacher AE, Schutte AE, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Selvaraj S, Semreen MH, Senthilkumaran S, Serban D, Serre ML, Sethi Y, Shafie M, Shah H, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shah SM, Shahbandi A, Shaheen AA, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahsavari HR, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shaikh SZ, Shalash AS, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma U, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shehabeldine AME, Shehzadi S, Sheikh A, Shen J, Shetty A, Shetty BSK, Shetty PH, Shiani A, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Shuja KH, Shuval K, Si Y, Siddig EE, Silva DAS, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Silva TPR, Simpson CR, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh B, Singh G, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh M, Singh NP, Singh P, Singh S, Sinto R, Sivakumar S, Siwal SS, Skhvitaridze N, Skou ST, Sleet DA, Sobia F, Soboka M, Socea B, Solaimanian S, Solanki R, Solanki S, Soliman SSM, Somayaji R, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Spearman S, Spencer CN, Sreeramareddy CT, Stachteas P, Stafford LK, Stanaway JD, Stanikzai MH, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steinbeis F, Steiner C, Steinke S, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Straif K, Stranges S, Subedi N, Subramaniyan V, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sundström J, Sunkersing D, Sunnerhagen KS, Suresh V, Swain CK, Szarpak L, Szeto MD, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabche C, Tabish M, Tadakamadla SK, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tat NY, Taveira N, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Terefa DR, Teye-Kwadjo E, Thakur R, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Thayakaran R, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tolani MA, Tolossa T, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Trabelsi K, Tran JT, Tran MTN, Tran NM, Trico D, Trihandini I, Troeger CE, Tromans SJ, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Udoakang AJ, Udoh A, Ullah A, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Usman JS, Vaithinathan AG, Vakili O, Valenti M, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, van Donkelaar A, Varga O, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vasic M, Vaziri S, Venketasubramanian N, Verghese NA, Verma M, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Villalobos-Daniel VE, Villani L, Villanueva GI, Vinayak M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Waheed Y, Wang C, Wang F, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Wanjau MN, Waqas M, Ward P, Waris A, Wassie EG, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Weiss EJ, Weldetinsaa HLL, Wells KM, Wen YF, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilkerson C, Willeit P, Wilson S, Wong YJ, Wongsin U, Wozniak S, Wu C, Wu D, Wu F, Wu Z, Xia J, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Xu YY, Yadav MK, Yaghoubi S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yaribeygi H, Yasufuku Y, Ye P, Yesodharan R, Yesuf SA, Yezli S, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yigzaw ZA, Yin D, Yip P, Yismaw MB, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yu Y, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Zaman SB, Zandieh GGZ, Zanghì A, Zar HJ, Zare I, Zarimeidani F, Zastrozhin MS, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang AL, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhao JT, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhu B, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Ziaeian B, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zimsen SRM, Zoghi G, Zoller T, Zumla A, Zyoud SH, Zyoud SH, Murray CJL, Gakidou E. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:2162-2203. [PMID: 38762324 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. METHODS The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk-outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk-outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk-outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk-outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. FINDINGS Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7-9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4-9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7-6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8-6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8-6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0-4 years and 5-14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9-27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5-28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3-56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9-21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3-12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6-1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1-1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4-78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2-72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). INTERPRETATION Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Sarasmita MA, Sudarma IW, Jaya MKA, Irham LM, Susanty S. Telepharmacy Implementation to Support Pharmaceutical Care Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. Can J Hosp Pharm 2024; 77:e3430. [PMID: 38204502 PMCID: PMC10754407 DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Telepharmacy was effectively applied for remote pharmaceutical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To determine the implementation of telepharmacy services to support pharmacists in providing pharmaceutical care during the pandemic. Data Sources Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2021: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), Web of Science, Proquest, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study Selection and Data Extraction The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with the PROSPERO registry of systematic reviews. Reports of original research investigating the implementation of telepharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic were retrieved. Researchers screened the title and abstract of each article, and then evaluated the full text of eligible articles to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacists' responsibilities and actions were classified in relation to the International Pharmaceutical Federation guideline for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Extracted data included study characteristics, pharmacists' interventions delivered through a telepharmacy system, and the benefits of telepharmacy implementation. Data Synthesis The database search yielded 1400 articles. After removal of duplicates and articles not meeting the specific inclusion criteria (n = 1381), a total of 19 relevant original research articles were reviewed. According to these studies, telepharmacy was used to perform remote medication review and optimization, assess medication adherence, dispense and deliver medications, educate and counsel patients, promote disease prevention, collaborate with health care providers, and monitor treatment outcomes. Conclusions This study highlighted the use of telepharmacy services to support pharmacists' activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telepharmacy services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Ary Sarasmita
- , MClinPharm, is with the Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Udayana University, Badung City, Bali Province, Indonesia, and the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Wayan Sudarma
- , MD, is with the Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Made Krisna Adi Jaya
- , MClinPharm, is with the Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Udayana University, Badung City, Bali Province, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- , PhD, is with the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Sri Susanty
- is with the Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Adikusuma W, Firdayani F, Irham LM, Darmawi D, Hamidy MY, Nopitasari BL, Soraya S, Azizah N. Integrated genomic network analysis revealed potential of a druggable target for hemorrhoid treatment. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101831. [PMID: 37965490 PMCID: PMC10641558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhoids are a prevalent medical condition that necessitates effective treatment options. The current options for treatment consist of oral medications, topical applications, or surgery, yet a scarcity of highly effective drugs still exists. Genetic markers provide promising avenues for investigating the treatment of hemorrhoids, as they may reveal intricate biological mechanisms and targeted drug therapies, ultimately enhancing more precise treatment tailored to the patient. This study aims to identify new drug candidates for treating hemorrhoids through a meticulous bioinformatics approach and integrated with genomic network analysis. After extracting 21 druggable target genes using DrugBank from 293 genes connected to hemorrhoids, 87 possible drugs were selected. Three of these drugs (ketamine, methylene blue, and fulvestrant) hold potential in addressing issues associated with hemorrhoids and have been supported by clinical or preclinical studies. Eighty-four compounds present new therapeutic possibilities for managing hemorrhoids. We highlight that our findings indicate that NOX1 and NOS3 genes are promising biomarkers, with NOS3 gaining significance owing to its robust systemic functional annotations. Sapropterin, an existing drug, is closely associated with NOS3, providing a clear target for biomarker-driven interventions. This study illustrates the potential of combining genomic network analysis with bioinformatics to repurpose drugs for treating hemorrhoids. Subsequent research will explore the mechanisms for utilizing NOS3 targeting in the treatment of hemorrhoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Adikusuma
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Firdayani Firdayani
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Darmawi Darmawi
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
- Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yulis Hamidy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | | | - Soraya Soraya
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Azizah
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
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Ma’ruf M, Irham LM, Adikusuma W, Sarasmita MA, Khairi S, Purwanto BD, Chong R, Mazaya M, Siswanto LMH. A genomic and bioinformatic-based approach to identify genetic variants for liver cancer across multiple continents. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e48. [PMID: 38224715 PMCID: PMC10788354 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Well-known risk factors include hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, along with exposure to aflatoxins, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Genomic variants play a crucial role in mediating the associations between these risk factors and liver cancer. However, the specific variants involved in this process remain under-explored. This study utilized a bioinformatics approach to identify genetic variants associated with liver cancer from various continents. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with liver cancer were retrieved from the genome-wide association studies catalog. Prioritization was then performed using functional annotation with HaploReg v4.1 and the Ensembl database. The prevalence and allele frequencies of each variant were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Two variants, rs2294915 and rs2896019, encoded by the PNPLA3 gene, were found to be highly expressed in the liver tissue, as well as in the skin, cell-cultured fibroblasts, and adipose-subcutaneous tissue, all of which contribute to the risk of liver cancer. We further found that these two SNPs (rs2294915 and rs2896019) were positively correlated with the prevalence rate. Positive associations with the prevalence rate were more frequent in East Asian and African populations. We highlight the utility of this population-specific PNPLA3 genetic variant for genetic association studies and for the early prognosis and treatment of liver cancer. This study highlights the potential of integrating genomic databases with bioinformatic analysis to identify genetic variations involved in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. The genetic variants investigated in this study are likely to predispose to liver cancer and could affect its progression and aggressiveness. We recommend future research prioritizing the validation of these variations in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ma’ruf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | | | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | - Made Ary Sarasmita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Sabiah Khairi
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Barkah Djaka Purwanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55191, Indonesia
- PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55711, Indonesia
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maulida Mazaya
- Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
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Yudhani RD, Pakha DN, Suyatmi S, Irham LM. Identifying pathogenic variants related to systemic lupus erythematosus by integrating genomic databases and a bioinformatic approach. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e37. [PMID: 37813633 PMCID: PMC10584638 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory-autoimmune disease with a complex multi-organ pathogenesis, and it is known to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Various genetic, immunological, endocrine, and environmental factors contribute to SLE. Genomic variants have been identified as potential contributors to SLE susceptibility across multiple continents. However, the specific pathogenic variants that drive SLE remain largely undefined. In this study, we sought to identify these pathogenic variants across various continents using genomic and bioinformatic-based methodologies. We found that the variants rs35677470, rs34536443, rs17849502, and rs13306575 are likely damaging in SLE. Furthermore, these four variants appear to affect the gene expression of NCF2, TYK2, and DNASE1L3 in whole blood tissue. Our findings suggest that these genomic variants warrant further research for validation in functional studies and clinical trials involving SLE patients. We conclude that the integration of genomic and bioinformatic-based databases could enhance our understanding of disease susceptibility, including that of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Dewi Yudhani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Dyonisa Nasirochmi Pakha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Suyatmi Suyatmi
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
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Satria RD, Irham LM, Adikusuma W, Puspitaningrum AN, Afief AR, Khair RE, Septama AW. Identification of druggable genes for multiple myeloma based on genomic information. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e31. [PMID: 37813627 PMCID: PMC10584652 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. It is widely believed that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of MM, as investigated in numerous studies. However, the application of genomic information for clinical purposes, including diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, remains largely confined to research. In this study, we utilized genetic information from the Genomic-Driven Clinical Implementation for Multiple Myeloma database, which is dedicated to clinical trial studies on MM. This genetic information was sourced from the genome-wide association studies catalog database. We prioritized genes with the potential to cause MM based on established annotations, as well as biological risk genes for MM, as potential drug target candidates. The DrugBank database was employed to identify drug candidates targeting these genes. Our research led to the discovery of 14 MM biological risk genes and the identification of 10 drugs that target three of these genes. Notably, only one of these 10 drugs, panobinostat, has been approved for use in MM. The two most promising genes, calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAMLG) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), were targeted by four drugs (cyclosporine, belinostat, vorinostat, and romidepsin), all of which have clinical evidence supporting their use in the treatment of MM. Interestingly, five of the 10 drugs have been approved for other indications than MM, but they may also be effective in treating MM. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the genomic variants involved in the pathogenesis of MM and highlight the potential benefits of these genomic variants in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Dani Satria
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | | | - Arief Rahman Afief
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Riat El Khair
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
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Irham LM, Adikusuma W, La’ah AS, Chong R, Septama AW, Angelina M. Leveraging Genomic and Bioinformatic Analysis to Enhance Drug Repositioning for Dermatomyositis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:890. [PMID: 37627776 PMCID: PMC10451728 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that is classified as a type of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, which affects human skin and muscles. The most common clinical symptoms of DM are muscle weakness, rash, and scaly skin. There is currently no cure for DM. Genetic factors are known to play a pivotal role in DM progression, but few have utilized this information geared toward drug discovery for the disease. Here, we exploited genomic variation associated with DM and integrated this with genomic and bioinformatic analyses to discover new drug candidates. We first integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS) and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) catalogs to identify disease-associated genomic variants. Biological risk genes for DM were prioritized using strict functional annotations, further identifying candidate drug targets based on druggable genes from databases. Overall, we analyzed 1239 variants associated with DM and obtained 43 drugs that overlapped with 13 target genes (JAK2, FCGR3B, CD4, CD3D, LCK, CD2, CD3E, FCGR3A, CD3G, IFNAR1, CD247, JAK1, IFNAR2). Six drugs clinically investigated for DM, as well as eight drugs under pre-clinical investigation, are candidate drugs that could be repositioned for DM. Further studies are necessary to validate potential biomarkers for novel DM therapeutics from our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Anita Silas La’ah
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Marissa Angelina
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
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Adikusuma W, Zakaria ZA, Irham LM, Nopitasari BL, Pradiningsih A, Firdayani F, Septama AW, Chong R. Transcriptomics-driven drug repositioning for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10032. [PMID: 37340026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes and can lead to severe disability and even amputation. Despite advances in treatment, there is currently no cure for DFUs and available drugs for treatment are limited. This study aimed to identify new candidate drugs and repurpose existing drugs to treat DFUs based on transcriptomics analysis. A total of 31 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to prioritize the biological risk genes for DFUs. Further investigation using the database DGIdb revealed 12 druggable target genes among 50 biological DFU risk genes, corresponding to 31 drugs. Interestingly, we highlighted that two drugs (urokinase and lidocaine) are under clinical investigation for DFU and 29 drugs are potential candidates to be repurposed for DFU therapy. The top 5 potential biomarkers for DFU from our findings are IL6ST, CXCL9, IL1R1, CXCR2, and IL10. This study highlights IL1R1 as a highly promising biomarker for DFU due to its high systemic score in functional annotations, that can be targeted with an existing drug, Anakinra. Our study proposed that the integration of transcriptomic and bioinformatic-based approaches has the potential to drive drug repurposing for DFUs. Further research will further examine the mechanisms by which targeting IL1R1 can be used to treat DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Adikusuma
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Anna Pradiningsih
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Firdayani Firdayani
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Ma’ruf M, Fadli JC, Mahendra MR, Irham LM, Sulistyani N, Adikusuma W, Chong R, Septama AW. A bioinformatic approach to identify pathogenic variants for Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e26. [PMID: 37704211 PMCID: PMC10326529 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) produces a severe hypersensitivity reaction caused by Herpes simplex virus or mycoplasma infection, vaccination, systemic disease, or other agents. Several studies have investigated the genetic susceptibility involved in SJS. To provide further genetic insights into the pathogenesis of SJS, this study prioritized high-impact, SJS-associated pathogenic variants through integrating bioinformatic and population genetic data. First, we identified SJS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog, followed by genome annotation with HaploReg and variant validation with Ensembl. Subsequently, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) from GTEx identified human genetic variants with differential gene expression across human tissues. Our results indicate that two variants, namely rs2074494 and rs5010528, which are encoded by the HLA-C (human leukocyte antigen C) gene, were found to be differentially expressed in skin. The allele frequencies for rs2074494 and rs5010528 also appear to significantly differ across continents. We highlight the utility of these population-specific HLA-C genetic variants for genetic association studies, and aid in early prognosis and disease treatment of SJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ma’ruf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Nanik Sulistyani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
- Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, CA, USA
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
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Ayu Eka Pitaloka D, Izzati A, Rafa Amirah S, Abdan Syakuran L, Muhammad Irham L, Darumas Putri A, Adikusuma W. Bioinformatics Analysis to Uncover the Potential Drug Targets Responsible for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptidoglycan and Lysine Biosynthesis. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231171774. [PMID: 37187890 PMCID: PMC10176782 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231171774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), which results mainly from the selection of naturally resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) due to mismanaged treatment, poses a severe challenge to the global control of TB. Therefore, screening novel and unique drug targets against this pathogen is urgently needed. The metabolic pathways of Homo sapiens and MTB were compared using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes tool, and further, the proteins that are involved in the metabolic pathways of MTB were subtracted and proceeded to protein-protein interaction network analysis, subcellular localization, drug ability testing, and gene ontology. The study aims to identify enzymes for the unique pathways for further screening to determine the feasibility of the therapeutic targets. The qualitative characteristics of 28 proteins identified as drug target candidates were studied. The results showed that 12 were cytoplasmic, 2 were extracellular, 12 were transmembrane, and 3 were unknown. Furthermore, druggability analysis revealed 14 druggable proteins, of which 12 were novel and responsible for MTB peptidoglycan and lysine biosynthesis. The novel targets obtained in this study are used to develop antimicrobial treatments against pathogenic bacteria. Future studies should further shed light on the clinical implementation to identify antimicrobial therapies against MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical
Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Center for Translational Biomarker
Research, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Afifah Izzati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical
Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rafa Amirah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical
Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Luqman Abdan Syakuran
- Genetics and Molecular Laboratory,
Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad
Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical
Ingrediensts and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Inovation Agency
(BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of
Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs,
National Research and Inovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia
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12
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Irham LM, Adikusuma W, Lolita L, Puspitaningrum AN, Afief AR, Sarasmita MA, Dania H, Khairi S, Djalilah GN, Purwanto BD, Chong R. Investigation of susceptibility genes for chickenpox disease across multiple continents. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101419. [PMID: 36620086 PMCID: PMC9816662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickenpox (varicella) is caused by infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a neurotropic alpha herpes virus with a double-stranded DNA genome. Chickenpox can cause life-threatening complications, including subsequent bacterial infections, central nervous system symptoms, and even death without any risk factors. Few studies have been reported to investigate genetic susceptibility implicated in chickenpox. Herein, our study identified global genetic variants that potentially contributed to chickenpox susceptibility by utilizing the established bioinformatic-based approach. We integrated several databases, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog, GTEx portal, HaploReg version 4.1, and Ensembl databases analyses to investigate susceptibility genes associated with chickenpox. Notably, increased expression of HLA-S, HCG4P5, and ABHD16A genes underlie enhanced chickenpox susceptibility in the European, American, and African populations. As compared to the Asian population, Europeans, Americans, and Africans have higher allele frequencies of the extant variants rs9266089, rs10947050, and rs79501286 from the susceptibility genes. Our study suggested that these susceptibility genes and associated genetic variants might play a critical role in chickenpox progression based on host genetics with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Lolita Lolita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Made Ary Sarasmita
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Haafizah Dania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sabiah Khairi
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Barkah Djaka Purwanto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, 55191, Indonesia
- PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital, Bantul, Yogyakarta, 55711, Indonesia
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Perwitasari DA, Purba FD, Candradewi SF, Dania H, Muhammad Irham L, Noor Faridah I, Septiantoro BP. Quality of Life of Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy in Indonesia: A Comparison of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L, Based on Patients' Characteristics. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:9357299. [PMID: 36908296 PMCID: PMC10005864 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9357299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the important outcomes to define the success of cancer treatment is the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that can be measured using generic and/or specific instruments. Our study aims to define the cancer patients' HRQoL in some hospitals in Indonesia as measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EQ-5D-5L, to define the differences of cancer patients' HRQoL referring to patients' characteristics, and to explore determinants of cancer patients' HRQoL. We recruited 451 cancer patients using a cross-sectional design in two referral hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia, using the purposive sampling technique. All subjects, recruited from July 2020 to October 2021, met the inclusion criteria, namely, adult patients diagnosed with cancers in all stages who willingly participated in the study. The Indonesian value set was used to obtain the EQ-5D-5L index score. We further analyzed the data based on cancer stages and compared two questionnaires using independent t test. We highlighted that most of the cancer patients are female (69.4%), young (86%), and at advanced stages of cancer (54.1%). The physical and role functions and global health status of the cancer patients are poor, and the most severe symptom is fatigue. Moreover, most of them experience severe pain and perform daily activities with difficulties. Some patients' characteristics show significant influences on the HRQoL domains in both questionnaires (p < 0.05). Interestingly, both of the questionnaires have shown significant correlations between similar domains and revealed the poor HRQoL of advanced cancer patients (p < 0.05). Our study finds that cancer patients still have poor HRQoL in some domains. We suggest to the health providers that they apply education and psychological intervention to increase their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrick D. Purba
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Haafizah Dania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
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Mugiyanto E, Adikusuma W, Irham LM, Huang WC, Chang WC, Kuo CN. Integrated genomic analysis to identify druggable targets for pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:989077. [PMID: 36531045 PMCID: PMC9752886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.989077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC) is gemcitabine and fluorouracil. Other chemotherapeutic agents have been widely combined. However, drug resistance remains a huge challenge, leading to the ineffectiveness of cancer therapy. Therefore, we are trying to discover new treatments for PC by utilizing genomic information to identify PC-associated genes as well as drug target genes for drug repurposing. Genomic information from a public database, the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal, was employed to retrieve the somatic mutation genes of PC. Five functional annotations were applied to prioritize the PC risk genes: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; biological process; knockout mouse; Gene List Automatically Derived For You; and Gene Expression Omnibus Dataset. DrugBank database was utilized to extract PC drug targets. To narrow down the most promising drugs for PC, CMap Touchstone analysis was applied. Finally, ClinicalTrials.gov and a literature review were used to screen the potential drugs under clinical and preclinical investigation. Here, we extracted 895 PC-associated genes according to the cBioPortal database and prioritized them by using five functional annotations; 318 genes were assigned as biological PC risk genes. Further, 216 genes were druggable according to the DrugBank database. CMap Touchstone analysis indicated 13 candidate drugs for PC. Among those 13 drugs, 8 drugs are in the clinical trials, 2 drugs were supported by the preclinical studies, and 3 drugs are with no evidence status for PC. Importantly, we found that midostaurin (targeted PRKA) and fulvestrant (targeted ESR1) are promising candidate drugs for PC treatment based on the genomic-driven drug repurposing pipelines. In short, integrated analysis using a genomic information database demonstrated the viability for drug repurposing. We proposed two drugs (midostaurin and fulvestrant) as promising drugs for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Mugiyanto
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | | | - Wan-Chen Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Kuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Afief AR, Irham LM, Adikusuma W, Perwitasari DA, Brahmadhi A, Chong R. Integration of genomic variants and bioinformatic-based approach to drive drug repurposing for multiple sclerosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101337. [PMID: 36105612 PMCID: PMC9464879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease in the central nervous system (CNS) marked by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. Currently available MS medication is limited, thereby calling for a strategy to accelerate new drug discovery. One of the strategies to discover new drugs is to utilize old drugs for new indications, an approach known as drug repurposing. Herein, we first identified 421 MS-associated SNPs from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) catalog (p-value < 5 × 10-8), and a total of 427 risk genes associated with MS using HaploReg version 4.1 under the criterion r 2 > 0.8. MS risk genes were then prioritized using bioinformatics analysis to identify biological MS risk genes. The prioritization was performed based on six defined categories of functional annotations, namely missense mutation, cis-expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL), molecular pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), genes overlap with knockout mouse phenotype, and primary immunodeficiency (PID). A total of 144 biological MS risk genes were found and mapped into 194 genes within an expanded PPI network. According to the DrugBank and the Therapeutic Target Database, 27 genes within the list targeted by 68 new candidate drugs were identified. Importantly, the power of our approach is confirmed with the identification of a known approved drug (dimethyl fumarate) for MS. Based on additional data from ClinicalTrials.gov, eight drugs targeting eight distinct genes are prioritized with clinical evidence for MS disease treatment. Notably, CD80 and CD86 pathways are promising targets for MS drug repurposing. Using in silico drug repurposing, we identified belatacept as a promising MS drug candidate. Overall, this study emphasized the integration of functional genomic variants and bioinformatic-based approach that reveal important biological insights for MS and drive drug repurposing efforts for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Key Words
- ARE, Antioxidant Response Element
- ASN, Asian
- Autoimmune disease
- Bioinformatics
- CNS, Central Nervous System
- Drug repurposing
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FDR, False Discovery Rate
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GWAS, Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genomic variants
- HLA, Human Leukocyte Antigen
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MP, Mammalian Phenotype
- MS, Multiple Sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- PID, Primary Immuno-deficiency
- PPI, Protein-Protein Interaction
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- cis-eQTL, cis-expression Quantitative Trait Locus
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | | | - Ageng Brahmadhi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Santri IN, Irham LM, Djalilah GN, Perwitasari DA, Wardani Y, Phiri YVA, Adikusuma W. Identification of Hub Genes and Potential Biomarkers for Childhood Asthma by Utilizing an Established Bioinformatic Analysis Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092311. [PMID: 36140412 PMCID: PMC9496621 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood asthma represents a heterogeneous disease resulting from the interaction between genetic factors and environmental exposures. Currently, finding reliable biomarkers is necessary for the clinical management of childhood asthma. However, only a few biomarkers are being used in clinical practice in the pediatric population. In the long run, new biomarkers for asthma in children are required and would help direct therapy approaches. This study aims to identify potential childhood asthma biomarkers using a genetic-driven biomarkers approach. Herein, childhood asthma-associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were utilized from the GWAS database to drive and facilitate the biomarker of childhood asthma. We uncovered 466 childhood asthma-associated loci by extending to proximal SNPs based on r2 > 0.8 in Asian populations and utilizing HaploReg version 4.1 to determine 393 childhood asthma risk genes. Next, the functional roles of these genes were subsequently investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and a protein−protein interaction (PPI) network. MCODE and CytoHubba are two Cytoscape plugins utilized to find biomarker genes from functional networks created using childhood asthma risk genes. Intriguingly, 10 hub genes (IL6, IL4, IL2, IL13, PTPRC, IL5, IL33, TBX21, IL2RA, and STAT6) were successfully identified and may have been identified to play a potential role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Among 10 hub genes, we strongly suggest IL6 and IL4 as prospective childhood asthma biomarkers since both of these biomarkers achieved a high systemic score in Cytohubba’s MCC algorithm. In summary, this study offers a valuable genetic-driven biomarker approach to facilitate the potential biomarkers for asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuniar Wardani
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Yohane Vincent Abero Phiri
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Institute for Health Research and Communication (IHRC), Lilongwe P.O. Box 1958, Malawi
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (W.A.)
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17
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Irham LM, Adikusuma W, Perwitasari DA, Dania H, Maliza R, Faridah IN, Santri IN, Phiri YVA, Chong R. The use of genomic variants to drive drug repurposing for chronic hepatitis B. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101307. [PMID: 35832745 PMCID: PMC9271961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main challenges in personalized medicine is to establish and apply a large number of variants from genomic databases into clinical diagnostics and further facilitate genome-driven drug repurposing. By utilizing biological chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) risk genes, our study proposed a systematic approach to use genomic variants to drive drug repurposing for CHB. Method The genomic variants were retrieved from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) databases. Then, the biological CHB risk genes crucial for CHB progression were prioritized based on the scoring system devised with five strict functional annotation criteria. A score of ≥ 2 were categorized as the biological CHB risk genes and further shed light on drug target genes for CHB treatments. Overlapping druggable targets were identified using two drug databases (DrugBank and Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb)). Results A total of 44 biological CHB risk genes were screened based on the scoring system from five functional annotation criteria. Interestingly, we found 6 druggable targets that overlapped with 18 drugs with status of undergoing clinical trials for CHB, and 9 druggable targets that overlapped with 20 drugs undergoing preclinical investigations for CHB. Eight druggable targets were identified, overlapping with 25 drugs that can potentially be repurposed for CHB. Notably, CD40 and HLA-DPB1 were identified as promising targets for CHB drug repurposing based on the target scores. Conclusion Through the integration of genomic variants and a bioinformatic approach, our findings suggested the plausibility of CHB genomic variant-driven drug repurposing for CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Departement of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | | | - Haafizah Dania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rita Maliza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Yohane Vincent Abero Phiri
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Health Research and Communication (IHRC), P.O Box 1958, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Rockie Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Tran KB, Lang JJ, Compton K, Xu R, Acheson AR, Henrikson HJ, Kocarnik JM, Penberthy L, Aali A, Abbas Q, Abbasi B, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab AA, Abdoli G, Abdulkadir HA, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Absalan A, Abtew YD, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Achappa B, Acuna JM, Addison D, Addo IY, Adegboye OA, Adesina MA, Adnan M, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afrin S, Afzal MS, Aggarwal M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad AR, Ahmad R, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Aiman W, Ajami M, Akalu GT, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Aklilu A, Akonde M, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alessy SA, Algammal AM, Al-Hanawi MK, Alhassan RK, Ali BA, Ali L, Ali SS, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alqalyoobi S, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Rifai RHH, Al-Sabah SK, Al-Tammemi AB, Altawalah H, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare F, Ameyaw EK, Aminian Dehkordi JJ, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amusa GA, Ancuceanu R, Anderson JA, Animut YA, Anoushiravani A, Anoushirvani AA, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansha MG, Antony B, Antwi MH, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Argaw AM, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Aryannejad A, Asaad M, Asemahagn MA, Asemi Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Assadi R, Athar M, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awedew AF, Awoke MA, Awoke T, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayana TM, Ayen SS, Azadi D, Azadnajafabad S, Azami-Aghdash S, Azanaw MM, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azizi H, Azzam AYY, Babajani A, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Bakhtiari A, Bakshi RK, Banach M, Banerjee I, Bardhan M, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Bashir NZ, Bashiri A, Basu S, Batiha AMM, Begum A, Bekele AB, Belay AS, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bell AW, Belo L, Benzian H, Berhie AY, Bermudez ANC, Bernabe E, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhandari BB, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bhuyan SS, Bibi S, Bilchut AH, Bintoro BS, Biondi A, Birega MGB, Birhan HE, Bjørge T, Blyuss O, Bodicha BBA, Bolla SR, Boloor A, Bosetti C, Braithwaite D, Brauer M, Brenner H, Briko AN, Briko NI, Buchanan CM, Bulamu NB, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt MH, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cámera LA, Cao C, Cao Y, Carreras G, Carvalho M, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Chakraborty PA, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Chimed-Ochir O, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Cho DY, Cho WCS, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Cohen AJ, Conde J, Cortés S, Costa VM, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth GT, Dadras O, Dagnaw FT, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Danielewicz A, Dao ATM, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Darwesh AM, Das S, Davitoiu DV, Davtalab Esmaeili E, De la Hoz FP, Debela SA, Dehghan A, Demisse B, Demisse FW, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derakhshani A, Derbew Molla M, Dereje D, Deribe KS, Desai R, Desalegn MD, Dessalegn FN, Dessalegni SAA, Dessie G, Desta AA, Dewan SMR, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Diao N, Diaz D, Digesa LE, Dixit SG, Doaei S, Doan LP, Doku PN, Dongarwar D, dos Santos WM, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Durojaiye OC, Edalati S, Eghbalian F, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, Ekwueme DU, El Tantawi M, Elbahnasawy MA, Elbarazi I, Elghazaly H, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Emamian MH, Engelbert Bain L, Enyew DB, Erkhembayar R, Eshetu T, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Espinosa-Montero J, Etaee F, Etemadimanesh A, Eyayu T, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Ezzikouri S, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahimi S, Fakhradiyev IR, Faraon EJA, Fares J, Farmany A, Farooque U, Farrokhpour H, Fasanmi AO, Fatehizadeh A, Fatima W, Fattahi H, Fekadu G, Feleke BE, Ferrari AA, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Filip I, Fischer F, Foroumadi R, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gadanya MA, Gaipov A, Galehdar N, Gallus S, Garg T, Gaspar Fonseca M, Gebremariam YH, Gebremeskel TG, Gebremichael MA, Geda YF, Gela YY, Gemeda BNB, Getachew M, Getachew ME, Ghaffari K, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari SH, Ghasemi Nour M, Ghassemi F, Ghimire A, Ghith N, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Ghozy S, Gilani SA, Gill PS, Ginindza TG, Gizaw ATT, Glasbey JC, Godos J, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Golitaleb M, Gorini G, Goulart BNG, Grosso G, Guadie HA, Gubari MIM, Gudayu TW, Guerra MR, Gunawardane DA, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gurara MK, Guta A, Habibzadeh P, Haddadi Avval A, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hajj Ali A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halboub ES, Halimi A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Hariri S, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hartono RK, Hasaballah AI, Hasan SMM, Hasani H, Hashemi SM, Hassan AM, Hassanipour S, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Heidarymeybodi Z, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hlongwa MM, Holla R, Holm M, Horita N, Hoseini M, Hossain MM, Hossain MBH, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh A, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Huang J, Hugo FN, Humayun A, Hussain S, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Iftikhar PM, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Innos K, Iranpour P, Irham LM, Islam MS, Islam RM, Islami F, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, J LM, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jalili M, Jalilian S, Jamshidi E, Jang SI, Jani CT, Javaheri T, Jayarajah UU, Jayaram S, Jazayeri SB, Jebai R, Jemal B, Jeong W, Jha RP, Jindal HA, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kacimi SEO, Kadashetti V, Kahe F, Kakodkar PV, Kalankesh LR, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamal VK, Kamangar F, Kamath A, Kanchan T, Kandaswamy E, Kandel H, Kang H, Kanno GG, Kapoor N, Kar SS, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karimi A, Kassa BG, Katoto PDMC, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Kebede AG, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Kejela GG, Kemp Bohan PM, Keramati M, Keykhaei M, Khajuria H, Khan A, Khan AAK, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khatab K, Khatatbeh MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khayat Kashani HR, Khazeei Tabari MA, Khezeli M, Khodadost M, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Klugar M, Klugarová J, Kolahi AA, Kolkhir P, Kompani F, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy Y, Kucuk Bicer B, Kugbey N, Kulimbet M, Kumar A, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kuttikkattu A, La Vecchia C, Lahiri A, Lal DK, Lám J, Lan Q, Landires I, Larijani B, Lasrado S, Lau J, Lauriola P, Ledda C, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YY, Lee YH, Legesse SM, Leigh J, Leong E, Li MC, Lim SS, Liu G, Liu J, Lo CH, Lohiya A, Lopukhov PD, Lorenzovici L, Lotfi M, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Madadizadeh F, Mafi AR, Magdeldin S, Mahjoub S, Mahmoodpoor A, Mahmoudi M, Mahmoudimanesh M, Mahumud RA, Majeed A, Majidpoor J, Makki A, Makris KC, Malakan Rad E, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mallhi TH, Mallya SD, Mamun MA, Manda AL, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Martini S, Martorell M, Masoudi S, Masoumi SZ, Matei CN, Mathews E, Mathur MR, Mathur V, McKee M, Meena JK, Mehmood K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehrotra R, Melese A, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha SID, Mensah LG, Mentis AFA, Mera-Mamián AYM, Meretoja TJ, Merid MW, Mersha AG, Meselu BT, Meshkat M, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mijena GFW, Miller TR, Mir SA, Mirinezhad SK, Mirmoeeni S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Misganaw AS, Misra S, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mohseni M, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molassiotis A, Molokhia M, Momenzadeh K, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Mons U, Montasir AA, Montazeri F, Montero A, Moosavi MA, Moradi A, Moradi Y, Moradi Sarabi M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosapour A, Mostafavi E, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Isfahani H, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Mubarik S, Mulita F, Munblit D, Munro SB, Murillo-Zamora E, Musa J, Nabhan AF, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagel G, Naghipour M, Naimzada MD, Nair TS, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negash WW, Nejadghaderi SA, Nejati K, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen HVN, Niazi RK, Noor NM, Noori M, Noroozi N, Nouraei H, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Oghenetega OB, Ogunsakin RE, Oguntade AS, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Olakunde BO, Olufadewa II, Omer E, Omonisi AEE, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Orru H, Otstavnov SS, Oulhaj A, Oumer B, Owopetu OF, Oyinloye BE, P A M, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pakbin B, Pakshir K, Pakzad R, Palicz T, Pana A, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pant S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Park S, Patel J, Pati S, Paudel R, Paudel U, Paun M, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peng M, Pereira J, Pereira RB, Perna S, Perumalsamy N, Pestell RG, Pezzani R, Piccinelli C, Pillay JD, Piracha ZZ, Pischon T, Postma MJ, Pourabhari Langroudi A, Pourshams A, Pourtaheri N, Prashant A, Qadir MMF, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Raeisi M, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raheem N, Rahim F, Rahman MO, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi A, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Ratan ZA, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Rehman AU, Rehman IU, Reitsma MB, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei S, Rezaeian M, Rezapour A, Riad A, Rikhtegar R, Rios-Blancas M, Roberts TJ, Rohloff P, Romero-Rodríguez E, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, S M, Saber-Ayad MM, Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safaei M, Safary A, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Sajid MR, Salari H, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samodra YL, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sankararaman S, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saqib MAN, Sarveazad A, Sarvi F, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sayegh N, Schneider IJC, Schwarzinger M, Šekerija M, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Seyoum K, Sha F, Shafaat O, Shah PA, Shahabi S, Shahid I, Shahrbaf MA, Shahsavari HR, Shaikh MA, Shaka MF, Shaker E, Shannawaz M, Sharew MMS, Sharifi A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma P, Shashamo BB, Sheikh A, Sheikh M, Sheikhbahaei S, Sheikhi RA, Sheikhy A, Shepherd PR, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shetty RS, Shibuya K, Shirkoohi R, Shirzad-Aski H, Shivakumar KM, Shivalli S, Shivarov V, Shobeiri P, Shokri Varniab Z, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Sibhat MM, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Sidemo NB, Silva DAS, Silva LMLR, Silva Julian G, Silvestris N, Simegn W, Singh AD, Singh A, Singh G, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh JK, Singh P, Singh S, Sinha DN, Sinke AH, Siraj MS, Sitas F, Siwal SS, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Socea B, Soeberg MJ, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Solomon Y, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Song S, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soshnikov S, Sotoudeh H, Sowe A, Sufiyan MB, Suk R, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana S, Sur D, Szócska M, Tabaeian SP, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taheri E, Taheri M, Taheri Soodejani M, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tampa M, Tan KK, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli A, Tavakoli A, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekalegn Y, Tesfay FH, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar V, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Ticoalu JHV, Tiyuri A, Tollosa DN, Topor-Madry R, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Ukke GG, Ullah I, Ullah S, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Vardavas C, Varthya SB, Vaziri S, Velazquez DZ, Veroux M, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vu LG, Wadood AW, Waheed Y, Walde MT, Wamai RG, Wang C, Wang F, Wang N, Wang Y, Ward P, Waris A, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Woldemariam M, Woldu B, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Yadav L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yazdanpanah F, Yeshaw Y, Yismaw Y, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yousefian F, Yu C, Yu Y, Yunusa I, Zahir M, Zaki N, Zaman BA, Zangiabadian M, Zare F, Zare I, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeineddine MA, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhou L, Zodpey S, Zoladl M, Vos T, Hay SI, Force LM, Murray CJL. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2022; 400:563-591. [PMID: 35988567 PMCID: PMC9395583 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). INTERPRETATION The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Lesmana MHS, Le NQK, Chiu WC, Chung KH, Wang CY, Irham LM, Chung MH. Genomic-Analysis-Oriented Drug Repurposing in the Search for Novel Antidepressants. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081947. [PMID: 36009493 PMCID: PMC9405592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
From inadequate prior antidepressants that targeted monoamine neurotransmitter systems emerged the discovery of alternative drugs for depression. For instance, drugs targeted interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) in inflammatory system. Genomic analysis-based drug repurposing using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) inclined a promising method for several diseases. However, none of the diseases was depression. Thus, we aimed to identify drug repurposing candidates for depression treatment by adopting a genomic-analysis-based approach. The 5885 SNPs obtained from the machine learning approach were annotated using HaploReg v4.1. Five sets of functional annotations were applied to determine the depression risk genes. The STRING database was used to expand the target genes and identify drug candidates from the DrugBank database. We validated the findings using the ClinicalTrial.gov and PubMed databases. Seven genes were observed to be strongly associated with depression (functional annotation score = 4). Interestingly, IL6R was auspicious as a target gene according to the validation outcome. We identified 20 drugs that were undergoing preclinical studies or clinical trials for depression. In addition, we identified sarilumab and satralizumab as drugs that exhibit strong potential for use in the treatment of depression. Our findings indicate that a genomic-analysis-based approach can facilitate the discovery of drugs that can be repurposed for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (L.M.I.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +62-851-322-55-414 (L.M.I.); +886-02-2736-1661 (M.-H.C.)
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.M.I.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +62-851-322-55-414 (L.M.I.); +886-02-2736-1661 (M.-H.C.)
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Bryazka D, Reitsma MB, Griswold MG, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abdoli A, Abdollahi M, Abdullah AYM, Abhilash ES, Abu-Gharbieh E, Acuna JM, Addolorato G, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adhikari K, Adhikari S, Adnani QES, Afzal S, Agegnehu WY, Aggarwal M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad AR, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed Rashid T, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alam MZ, Alem DT, Alene KA, Alimohamadi Y, Alizadeh A, Allel K, Alonso J, Alvand S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare F, Ameyaw EK, Amiri S, Ancuceanu R, Anderson JA, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Arabloo J, Arshad M, Artamonov AA, Aryan Z, Asaad M, Asemahagn MA, Astell-Burt T, Athari SS, Atnafu DD, Atorkey P, Atreya A, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Ayano G, Ayanore MAA, Ayinde OO, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Azadnajafabad S, Azanaw MM, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azzam AY, Badiye AD, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bairwa M, Bakkannavar SM, Bakshi RK, Balchut/Bilchut AH, Bärnighausen TW, Barra F, Barrow A, Baskaran P, Belo L, Bennett DA, Benseñor IM, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bintoro BS, Blokhina EAE, Bodicha BBA, Boloor A, Bosetti C, Braithwaite D, Brenner H, Briko NI, Brunoni AR, Butt ZA, Cao C, Cao Y, Cárdenas R, Carvalho AF, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castelpietra G, Castro-de-Araujo LFS, Cattaruzza MS, Chakraborty PA, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chaurasia A, Cherbuin N, Chu DT, Chudal N, Chung SC, Churko C, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Claro RM, Costanzo S, Cowden RG, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth GT, Dachew BA, Dadras O, Dai X, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daniel BD, Danielewicz A, Darega Gela J, Davletov K, de Araujo JAP, de Sá-Junior AR, Debela SA, Dehghan A, Demetriades AK, Derbew Molla M, Desai R, Desta AA, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Digesa LE, Diress M, Dodangeh M, Dongarwar D, Dorostkar F, Dsouza HL, Duko B, Duncan BB, Edvardsson K, Ekholuenetale M, Elgar FJ, Elhadi M, Elmonem MA, Endries AY, Eskandarieh S, Etemadimanesh A, Fagbamigbe AF, Fakhradiyev IR, Farahmand F, Farinha CSES, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatehizadeh A, Fauk NK, Feigin VL, Feldman R, Feng X, Fentaw Z, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Filip I, Fischer F, Francis JM, Franklin RC, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gallus S, Galvano F, Ganesan B, Garg T, Gebrehiwot MGD, Gebremeskel TG, Gebremichael MA, Gemechu TR, Getacher L, Getachew ME, Getachew Obsa A, Getie A, Ghaderi A, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghamari SH, Ghandour LA, Ghasemi Nour M, Ghashghaee A, Ghozy S, Glozah FN, Glushkova EV, Godos J, Goel A, Goharinezhad S, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golitaleb M, Greaves F, Grivna M, Grosso G, Gudayu TW, Gupta B, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall BJ, Halwani R, Handiso TB, Hankey GJ, Hariri S, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Hendrie D, Herteliu C, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Hlongwa MM, Holla R, Hossain MM, Hossain S, Hosseini SK, hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hu G, Huang J, Hussain S, Ibitoye SE, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Irham LM, Islam MM, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Iso H, Itumalla R, Iwagami M, Jabbarinejad R, Jacob L, Jakovljevic M, Jamalpoor Z, Jamshidi E, Jayapal SK, Jayarajah UU, Jayawardena R, Jebai R, Jeddi SA, Jema AT, Jha RP, Jindal HA, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabthymer RH, Kamble BD, Kandel H, Kanno GG, Kapoor N, Karaye IM, Karimi SE, Kassa BG, Kaur RJ, Kayode GA, Keykhaei M, Khajuria H, Khalilov R, Khan IA, Khan MAB, Kim H, Kim J, Kim MS, Kimokoti RW, Kivimäki M, Klymchuk V, Knudsen AKS, Kolahi AA, Korshunov VA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy Y, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar N, Lacey B, Lallukka T, Lasrado S, Lau J, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lobo SW, Lopukhov PD, Lorkowski S, Lozano R, Lucchetti G, Madadizadeh F, Madureira-Carvalho ÁM, Mahjoub S, Mahmoodpoor A, Mahumud RA, Makki A, Malekpour MR, Manjunatha N, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martinez-Raga J, Martinez-Villa FA, Matzopoulos R, Maulik PK, Mayeli M, McGrath JJ, Meena JK, Mehrabi Nasab E, Menezes RG, Mensink GBM, Mentis AFA, Meretoja A, Merga BT, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirica A, Mirijello A, Mirmoeeni S, Mirrakhimov EM, Misra S, Moazen B, Mobarakabadi M, Moccia M, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi E, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed TA, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Moradi Y, Mostafavi E, Mubarik S, Mullany EC, Mulugeta BT, Murillo-Zamora E, Murray CJL, Mwita JC, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Nayak BP, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Nejadghaderi SA, Nepal S, Neupane SPP, Neupane Kandel S, Nigatu YT, Nowroozi A, Nuruzzaman KM, Nzoputam CI, Obamiro KO, Ogbo FA, Oguntade AS, Okati-Aliabad H, Olakunde BO, Oliveira GMM, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otoiu A, Otstavnov SS, Oumer B, P A M, Padron-Monedero A, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pardhan S, Parekh T, Park EK, Parry CDH, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel J, Pati S, Patton GC, Paudel U, Pawar S, Peden AE, Petcu IR, Phillips MR, Pinheiro M, Plotnikov E, Pradhan PMS, Prashant A, Quan J, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Raghav PR, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman A, Rahman MM, Rahman M, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Ranabhat CL, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rasali DP, Rashidi MM, Ratan ZA, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei S, Rezaeian M, Riahi SM, Romero-Rodríguez E, Roth GA, Rwegerera GM, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian R, Saeed U, Saeedi F, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Sahraian MA, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Salahi S, Salimzadeh H, Samy AM, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarikhani Y, Sathian B, Saya GK, Sayyah M, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Seidu AA, Senthil Kumar N, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seylani A, Sha F, Shahin S, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shahrokhi S, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shakhmardanov MZ, Shams-Beyranvand M, Sheikhbahaei S, Sheikhi RA, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shiferaw DS, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shobeiri P, Shrestha R, Sidemo NB, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva DAS, Silva NTD, Singh JA, Singh S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, Solmi M, SOLOMON YONATAN, Song S, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soshnikov S, Soyiri IN, Stein DJ, Subba SH, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Taheri M, Tan KK, Tareke M, Tarkang EE, Temesgen G, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Thomas NK, Tiruneh C, Todorovic J, Torrado M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran MTN, Trias-Llimós S, Tripathy JP, Vakilian A, Valizadeh R, Varmaghani M, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vos T, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Walde MT, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang YP, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Wubetu AD, Xu S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yesera GEE, Yigit A, Yiğit V, Yimaw AEAE, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zadey S, Zahir M, Zare I, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zmaili M, Zuniga YMH, Gakidou E. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. Lancet 2022; 400:185-235. [PMID: 35843246 PMCID: PMC9289789 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. METHODS For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. FINDINGS The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. INTERPRETATION There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Sheena BS, Hiebert L, Han H, Ippolito H, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdoli A, Abubaker Ali H, Adane MM, Adegboye OA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Aghaie Meybodi M, Ahadinezhad B, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Akram T, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alem AZ, Alem DT, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alhassan RK, Ali L, Ali MA, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Alkhayyat M, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Altawalah H, Amini S, Amu H, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Anoushiravani A, Ansar A, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Argaw AM, Argaw ZG, Arshad M, Artamonov AA, Ashraf T, Atlaw D, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Bagheri S, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Banach M, Barati N, Barrow A, Batiha AMM, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Belgaumi UI, Berhie AY, Bhagat DS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bodicha BBA, Bojia HA, Boloor A, Bosetti C, Braithwaite D, Briko NI, Butt ZA, Cámera LA, Chakinala RC, Chakraborty PA, Charan J, Chen S, Choi JYJ, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury FR, Chu DT, Chung SC, Cortesi PA, Cowie BC, Culbreth GT, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, De la Hoz FP, Debela SA, Dedefo MG, Demeke FM, Demie TGG, Demissie GD, Derbew Molla M, Desta AA, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Didehdar M, Doan LP, Dorostkar F, Drake TM, Eghbalian F, Ekholuenetale M, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, Elhadi M, Elmonem MA, Elsharkawy A, Enany S, Enyew DB, Erkhembayar R, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Ezzikouri S, Farrokhpour H, Fetensa G, Fischer F, Foroutan M, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gaidhane S, Galles NC, Gallus S, Gebremeskel TG, Gebreyohannes EAA, Ghadiri K, Ghaffari K, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Gholami A, Gholizadeh A, Gilani A, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gorini G, Goshu YA, Griswold MG, Gubari MIM, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Halwani R, Hamid SS, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harapan H, Hargono A, Hariri S, Hasaballah AI, Hasan SMM, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Herteliu C, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Holla R, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Househ M, Huang J, Hussein NR, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irham LM, Islam JY, Ismail NE, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Javadi Mamaghani A, Jayaram S, Jayawardena R, Jebai R, Jha RP, Joseph N, Joukar F, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalhor R, Kandel H, Kanko TKT, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Kassa BG, Kemp Bohan PM, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan G, Khan IA, Khan J, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khater AM, Khatib MN, Khodadost M, Khoja AT, Khosravizadeh O, Khubchandani J, Kim GR, Kim H, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kocarnik JM, Kolahi AA, Koteeswaran R, Kumar GA, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Lasrado S, Lazarus JV, Ledda C, Lee DW, Lee SW, Lee YY, Levi M, Li J, Lim SS, Lobo SW, Lopukhov PD, Loureiro JA, MacLachlan JH, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majeed A, Makki A, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansournia MA, Martins-Melo FR, Matthews PC, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AG, Mestrovic T, Miller TR, Minh LHN, Mirica A, Mirmoeeni S, Mirrakhimov EM, Misra S, Mithra P, Moazen B, Mohamadkhani A, Mohammadi M, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Moludi J, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moradi G, Moradzadeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Mostafavi E, Mubarik S, Muniyandi M, Murray CJL, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Narasimha Swamy S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nazari J, Negoi I, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen HLT, Ngwa CH, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Noubiap JJ, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Otstavnov SS, Oumer B, Padubidri JR, Pana A, Pandey A, Park EC, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel UK, Paudel U, Petcu IR, Piracha ZZ, Pollok RCG, Postma MJ, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Rafiei A, Rafiei S, Raghuram PM, Rahman M, Rahmani AM, Rahmawaty S, Rajesh A, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rezazadeh-Khadem S, Rodriguez JAB, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Salahi S, Salimzadeh H, Sampath C, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Seidu AA, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shakhmardanov MZ, Shannawaz M, Shenoy SM, Shetty JK, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shin JI, Shobeiri P, Sibhat MM, Singh AD, Singh JA, Singh S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sohrabpour AA, Song S, Tabaeian SP, Tadesse EG, Taheri M, Tampa M, Tan KK, Tavakoli A, Tbakhi A, Tefera BN, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tesfaw HM, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Tohidast SA, Tollosa DN, Tosti ME, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran MTN, Trihandini I, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Varthya SB, Vo B, Waheed Y, Weldesenbet AB, Woldemariam M, Xu S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yaseri M, Yeshaw Y, Yiğit V, Yirdaw BW, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Yunusa I, Zahir M, Zaki L, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zastrozhin MS, Vos T, Ward JW, Dirac MA. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:796-829. [PMID: 35738290 PMCID: PMC9349325 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5·9% [–5·6 to 19·2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2·9% [–5·9 to 11·3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000. Interpretation The prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, Harvey JD, Henrikson HJ, Lu D, Pennini A, Xu R, Ababneh E, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Elsalam SM, Abdoli A, Abedi A, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Adedeji IA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaali M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Akram T, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Ali S, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alvis-Guzman N, Amu H, Anbesu EW, Ancuceanu R, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antwi MH, Anvari D, Anyasodor AE, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Asemi Z, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Atorkey P, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Awedew AF, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayenew T, Azab MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Azzam AY, Badiye AD, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Balakrishnan S, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Behzadifar M, Belgaumi UI, Bezabhe WMM, Bezabih YM, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisignano C, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Blyuss O, Bolarinwa OA, Bolla SR, Braithwaite D, Brar A, Brenner H, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cao Y, Carreras G, Catalá-López F, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Cernigliaro A, Chakinala RC, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chimed-Ochir O, Cho DY, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Conde J, Cortés S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cunha AR, Dadras O, Dagnew AB, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, De la Hoz FP, Demis AB, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doaei S, Dorostkar F, dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Driscoll TR, Ebrahimi H, Eftekharzadeh S, El Tantawi M, El-Abid H, Elbarazi I, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Etemadi A, Ezzikouri S, Faisaluddin M, Faraon EJA, Fares J, Farzadfar F, Feroze AH, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gadanya MA, Gallus S, Gaspar Fonseca M, Getachew Obsa A, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamalizadeh M, Gilani SA, Ginindza TG, Gizaw ATT, Glasbey JC, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Guerra MR, Guha A, Gunasekera DS, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Holla R, Hossain MM, Hossain MBH, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hugo FN, Hussain R, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ida F, 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J, Zhong C, Zhou L, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zimmermann IR, Fitzmaurice C, Murray CJL, Force LM. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:420-444. [PMID: 34967848 PMCID: PMC8719276 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 308.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Compton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Frances E. Dean
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Weijia Fu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Brian L. Gaw
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James D. Harvey
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson
- Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Alyssa Pennini
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rixing Xu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Emad Ababneh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Abbastabar
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Aidin Abedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Hassan Abidi
- Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
- Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia
- Department of Midwifery, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shailesh M. Advani
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarik Ahmed Rashid
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yusra Ahmed Salih
- Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Gizachew Taddesse Akalu
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Aklilu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tayyaba Akram
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna
- Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Hanadi Al Hamad
- Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ziyad Al-Aly
- John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yousef Alimohamadi
- Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Sami Almustanyir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nivaldo Alonso
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Alvis-Guzman
- Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Robert Ancuceanu
- Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Fereshteh Ansari
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maxwell Hubert Antwi
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Davood Anvari
- Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | - Muhammad Aqeel
- Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Olatunde Aremu
- Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Timur Aripov
- Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Al Artaman
- Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Judie Arulappan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tahira Ashraf
- Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Prince Atorkey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Marcel Ausloos
- School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Temesgen Ayenew
- Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Ghasem Azarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmed Y. Azzam
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ashish D. Badiye
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer L. Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Till Winfried Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Fabio Barra
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amadou Barrow
- Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of the Gambia, Brikama, The Gambia
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, The Gambia
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India
| | | | - Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- One Health, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Devidas S. Bhagat
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India
| | - Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikha Bhardwaj
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sonu Bhaskar
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, New South Wales Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, South West Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Krittika Bhattacharyya
- Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sadia Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Catherine Bisignano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Archie Bleyer
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston
| | - Oleg Blyuss
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville
| | - Amanpreet Brar
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid A. Butt
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Yin Cao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francieli Cembranel
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Achille Cernigliaro
- Regional Epidemiological Observatory Department, Sicilian Regional Health Authority, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
- Department of Head Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael T. Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joao Conde
- Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sanda Cortés
- Department of Public Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Line in Environmental Exposures and Health Effects at Population Level, Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda Ramos Cunha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Omid Dadras
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Saad M. A. Dahlawi
- Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Aso Mohammad Darwesh
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - José das Neves
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis
- Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Deepak Dhamnetiya
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal
- Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Huyen Phuc Do
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Saeid Doaei
- School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Dorostkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tim Robert Driscoll
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hedyeh Ebrahimi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Eftekharzadeh
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Abid
- Direction de L'épidémiologie et la Lutte Contre les Maladies, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Babak Eshrati
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firooz Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Faisaluddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Emerito Jose A. Faraon
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Hamid Feroze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Irina Filip
- Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California
- School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
| | | | - Masoud Foroutan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | | | - Peter Andras Gaal
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Mohamed M. Gad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Muktar A. Gadanya
- Community Medicine Department, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mansour Ghafourifard
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nermin Ghith
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - James C. Glasbey
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Mahaveer Golechha
- Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sameer Vali Gopalani
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Avirup Guha
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reyna Alma Gutiérrez
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randah R. Hamadeh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sajid Hameed
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samer Hamidi
- School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asif Hanif
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Netanja I. Harlianto
- Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Roderick J. Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, England
| | - Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | | | - Mohammad Heidari
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Claudiu Herteliu
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- School of Business, London South Bank University, London, England
| | - Kamal Hezam
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
- Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Md Mahbub Hossain
- Social and Environmental Health Research, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | | | | | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mihaela Hostiuc
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mowafa Househ
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Hsairi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fernando N. Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rabia Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nawfal R. Hussein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fidelia Ida
- Pharmacoepidemiology Department, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin S. Ikuta
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Irena M. Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D. Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Y. Islam
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rakibul M. Islam
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic
- Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health, Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Shubha Jayaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Ravi Prakash Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tamas Joo
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nitin Joseph
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mikk Jürisson
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Kahrizi
- Department of Genetics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila R. Kalankesh
- School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rohollah Kalhor
- Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Feroze Kaliyadan
- Dermatology Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogeshwar Kalkonde
- Public Health Division, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Himal Kandel
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neeti Kapoor
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ayele Semachew Kasa
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joonas H. Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Department of Surface Engineering, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
| | - Sewnet Adem Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Faroe Islands
| | - Pedram Keshavarz
- School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, New Hospitals LTD, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Saleh Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maseer Khan
- Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Moien A. B. Khan
- Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, England
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amir M. Khater
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maryam Khayamzadeh
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gyu Ri Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sezer Kisa
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jacek A. Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Parvaiz A. Koul
- Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuworza Kugbey
- University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | | | - Narinder Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Om P. Kurmi
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tezer Kutluk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Faris Hasan Lami
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Iván Landires
- Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | - Paolo Lauriola
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sang-woong Lee
- Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Office of Health Policy & Legislative Affairs, University of Texas, Galveston
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - James Leigh
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elvynna Leong
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Chieh Li
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | - Raimundas Lunevicius
- Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England
- Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | | | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Alaa Makki
- Mass Communication Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shilpa Male
- Department of Ophthalmology, M M Joshi Eye Institute, Hubli, India
| | - Ahmad Azam Malik
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Santi Martini
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Prashant Mathur
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- India Cancer Research Consortium, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Walter Mendoza
- Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
| | - Ritesh G. Menezes
- Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Kamal Mesregah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic “Dr. Zora Profozic”, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Junmei Miao Jonasson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bartosz Miazgowski
- Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Miazgowski
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ted R. Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Masoud Moghadaszadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Mohammad
- Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mokhtar Mohammadi
- Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Shafiu Mohammed
- Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nagabhishek Moka
- Oncology Department, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Hazard, Kentucky
- Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Ali H. Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mariam Molokhia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abbas Mosapour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
- Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
- Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
| | | | - Chie Nagata
- Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mukhammad David Naimzada
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Science, Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sabina O. Nduaguba
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Mircea Negru
- Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Chukwudi A. Nnaji
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nurulamin M. Noor
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, England
| | - Virginia Nuñez-Samudio
- Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | | | - Bogdan Oancea
- Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Chimedsuren Ochir
- Department of International Cyber Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Advisory Board, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T. Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Emad Omar
- Mass Communication Department, Ajman University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Omar Bali
- Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Abidemi E. Emmanuel Omonisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sokking Ong
- Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Unit, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Early Detection and Cancer Prevention Services, Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Obinna E. Onwujekwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Nikita Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav S. Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mayowa O. Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mahesh P A
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Jagadish Rao Padubidri
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Adrian Pana
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Harsh K. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jenil R. Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- Centre of Excellence, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India
- Research Division, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Balasore, India
| | | | - Uttam Paudel
- Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - David M. Pereira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Arokiasamy Perianayagam
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Julian David Pillay
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Pishgar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urooncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Indrashis Podder
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Maarten J. Postma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India
| | - Liliana Preotescu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Radfar
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | | | | | - Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, England
| | - Mosiur Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir Masoud Rahmani
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Nazanin Rajai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aashish Rajesh
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pradhum Ram
- Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranabhat
- Health Emergency Operation Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Chythra R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sowmya J. Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Reza Rawassizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia
- Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Andre M. N. Renzaho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala
| | | | - Luca Ronfani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Manjula S
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Umar Saeed
- Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Biological Production Development, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Harihar Sahoo
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Sana Salehi
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Marwa Rashad Salem
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamideh Salimzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Samaei
- Emergency Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Juan Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Milena M. Santric-Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yaeesh Sardiwalla
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England
| | - Monika Sawhney
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte
| | | | | | - Mario Sekerija
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Allen Seylani
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Omid Shafaat
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Erfan Shamsoddin
- Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Developmen, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammed Shannawaz
- Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adithi Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Jeevan K. Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Pavanchand H. Shetty
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K. M. Shivakumar
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Clinical Immunology and Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridiski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Soraya Siabani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jasvinder A. Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
- Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
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- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Development, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Sotoudeh
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Kurt Straif
- Schiller Institute, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Iyad Sultan
- Pediatric Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
- Pediatrics, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saima Sultana
- Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuţă” Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Viktória Szerencsés
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szócska
- Faculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Y. Tat
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston
| | - Bemnet Amare A. Tedla
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fisaha Haile Tesfay
- School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Aravind Thavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Hamid Reza Tohidinik
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, National Institute for Health and Medical Research Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
- Department of Health, Medicine and Human Biology, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Modestum LTD, London, England
| | - Eugenio Traini
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Bao Tran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mai Thi Ngoc Tran
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Health Informatics Department, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Biruk Shalmeno Tusa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Era Upadhyay
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maryam Vaezi
- Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahel Valadan Tahbaz
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Diana Zuleika Velazquez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
| | - Massimiliano Veroux
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vasily Vlassov
- Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bay Vo
- Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Victor Volovici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Experimental Microsurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Richard G. Wamai
- Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Ward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yi Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Stomatological Hospital (College) of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronny Westerman
- Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lalit Yadav
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research and Development Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lin Yang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mustafa Z. Younis
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zabihollah Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Vesna Zadnik
- Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fariba Zare
- Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia
- Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anasthasia Zastrozhina
- Pediatrics Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenwen Zhong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Christina Fitzmaurice
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christopher J. L. Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lisa M. Force
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle
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Adikusuma W, Chou WH, Lin MR, Ting J, Irham LM, Perwitasari DA, Chang WP, Chang WC. Identification of Druggable Genes for Asthma by Integrated Genomic Network Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010113. [PMID: 35052792 PMCID: PMC8773254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common and heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Currently, the two main types of asthma medicines are inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs). In addition, biological drugs provide another therapeutic option, especially for patients with severe asthma. However, these drugs were less effective in preventing severe asthma exacerbation, and other drug options are still limited. Herein, we extracted asthma-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) catalog and prioritized candidate genes through five functional annotations. Genes enriched in more than two categories were defined as “biological asthma risk genes.” Then, DrugBank was used to match target genes with FDA-approved medications and identify candidate drugs for asthma. We discovered 139 biological asthma risk genes and identified 64 drugs targeting 22 of these genes. Seven of them were approved for asthma, including reslizumab, mepolizumab, theophylline, dyphylline, aminophylline, oxtriphylline, and enprofylline. We also found 17 drugs with clinical or preclinical evidence in treating asthma. In addition, eleven of the 40 candidate drugs were further identified as promising asthma therapy. Noteworthy, IL6R is considered a target for asthma drug repurposing based on its high target scores. Through in silico drug repurposing approach, we identified sarilumab and satralizumab as the most promising drug for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Min-Rou Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jafit Ting
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia; (L.M.I.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Dyah Aryani Perwitasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia; (L.M.I.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Wei-Pin Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-P.C.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-P.C.); (W.-C.C.)
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Alvarez EM, Force LM, Xu R, Compton K, Lu D, Henrikson HJ, Kocarnik JM, Harvey JD, Pennini A, Dean FE, Fu W, Vargas MT, Keegan THM, Ariffin H, Barr RD, Erdomaeva YA, Gunasekera DS, John-Akinola YO, Ketterl TG, Kutluk T, Malogolowkin MH, Mathur P, Radhakrishnan V, Ries LAG, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Sagoyan GB, Sultan I, Abbasi B, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdoli A, Abebe H, Abedi A, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Achappa B, Acuna JM, Adedeji IA, Adegboye OA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaie Meybodi M, Ahadinezhad B, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmadi S, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Aiman W, Akalu GT, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, AlAmodi AA, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alem AZ, Alem DT, Alemayehu Y, Alhalaiqa FN, Alhassan RK, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Alluri S, Almasri NA, Al-Maweri SA, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Ameyaw EK, Amini S, Amu H, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anvari D, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Argaw AM, Arshad M, Arulappan J, Aryannejad A, Asemi Z, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Atashzar MR, Atorkey P, Atreya A, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awedew AF, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayele AD, Ayen SS, Azab MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azami H, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Azzam AY, Bahadory S, Bai J, Baig AA, Baker JL, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Basaleem H, Batiha AMM, Behzadifar M, Bekele NC, Belete R, Belgaumi UI, Bell AW, Berhie AY, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Birara S, Bjørge T, Bolarinwa OA, Bolla SR, Boloor A, Braithwaite D, Brenner H, Bulamu NB, Burkart K, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cao C, Cao Y, Carreras G, Catalá-López F, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Chakinala RC, Chakraborty PA, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chaurasia A, Chavan PP, Chimed-Ochir O, Choi JYJ, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Conde J, Costa VM, Da'ar OB, Dadras O, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darwish AH, Daryani A, De la Hoz FP, Debela SA, Demie TGG, Demissie GD, Demissie ZG, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derbew Molla M, Desai R, Desta AA, Dhamnetiya D, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Didehdar M, Diress M, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doaei S, Dorostkar F, dos Santos WM, Drake TM, Ekholuenetale M, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, El Tantawi M, El-Abid H, Elbahnasawy MA, Elbarazi I, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Enyew DB, Erkhembayar R, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Faisaluddin M, Fares J, Farooque U, Fasanmi AO, Fatima W, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Fetensa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gaewkhiew P, Gallus S, Garg T, Gebremeskel TG, Gemeda BNB, Getachew T, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Ghassemi F, Ghith N, Gholami A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Gilani SA, Ginindza TG, Gizaw AT, Glasbey JC, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Gubari MIM, Guerra MR, Guha A, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hambisa MT, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Haque S, Hariri S, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan SMM, Hashemi SM, Hassan TS, Hassanipour S, Hay SI, Hayat K, Hebo SH, Heidari G, Heidari M, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Hole MK, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain MM, Hossain MB, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh A, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Innos K, Irham LM, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Jacob L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jain V, Jakovljevic M, Janghorban R, Javadi Mamaghani A, Jayaram S, Jayawardena R, Jazayeri SB, Jebai R, Jha RP, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jürisson M, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kamal Z, Kamath A, Kandel H, Kar SS, Karaye IM, Karimi A, Kassa BG, Kauppila JH, Kemp Bohan PM, Kengne AP, Kerbo AA, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalili N, Khalili N, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khayamzadeh M, Khosravizadeh O, Khubchandani J, Khundkar R, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kolahi AA, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kwarteng A, La Vecchia C, Lan Q, Landires I, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Ledda C, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YY, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leong E, Li B, Li J, Li MC, Lim SS, Liu X, Lobo SW, Loureiro JA, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Makki A, Male S, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mamun MA, Manafi N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Masoumi SZ, Matei CN, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, Mehrotra R, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mentis AFA, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AG, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mingude AB, Mirmoeeni S, Mirzaei H, Misra S, Mithra P, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohammed TA, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moradi G, Moradi Y, Moradzadeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morrison SD, Mostafavi E, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Mubarik S, Mwanri L, Nabhan AF, Nagaraju SP, Nagata C, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Naldi L, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Nduaguba SO, Negoi I, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nepal S, Neupane Kandel S, Nggada HA, Nguyen CT, Nnaji CA, Nosrati H, Nouraei H, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Oguntade AS, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Olakunde BO, Oluwasanu MM, Omar E, Omar Bali A, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Oumer B, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pana A, Pandey A, Pardhan S, Pashazadeh Kan F, Pasovic M, Patel JR, Pati S, Pattanshetty SM, Paudel U, Pereira RB, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourshams A, Prashant A, Pulakunta T, Qadir MMFF, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Rafiei S, Rahim F, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rajesh A, Ramezani-Doroh V, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Regasa MT, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rezapour A, Rezazadeh-Khadem S, Riad A, Rios Lopez LE, Rodriguez JAB, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Sajadi SM, Salahi S, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Sawyer SM, Saylan M, Schneider IJC, Seidu AA, Šekerija M, Sendo EG, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Seyoum K, Sha F, Shafaat O, Shaikh MA, Shamsoddin E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty A, Shetty BSK, Shetty PH, Shin JI, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shobeiri P, Siabani S, Sibhat MM, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Sidemo NB, Silva DAS, Silva Julian G, Singh AD, Singh JA, Singh JK, Singh S, Sinke AH, Sintayehu Y, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Smith L, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Song S, Spurlock EE, Steiropoulos P, Straif K, Subedi R, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana S, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabaeian SP, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabary M, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taheri M, Taherkhani A, Takahashi K, Tampa M, Tan KK, Tat VY, Tavakoli A, Tbakhi A, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tesfaye B, Thakur JS, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thiyagarajan A, Thomas N, Tobe-Gai R, Togtmol M, Tohidast SA, Tohidinik HR, Tolani MA, Tollosa DN, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Tusa BS, Ukke GG, Ullah I, Ullah S, Umapathi KK, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Ushula TW, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Varthya SB, Veroux M, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wang N, Ward P, Weldesenbet AB, Wen YF, Westerman R, Winkler AS, Wubishet BL, Xu S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yazie TS, Yehualashet SS, Yeshaneh A, Yeshaw Y, Yirdaw BW, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zahir M, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zare F, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang J, Zhang ZJ, Ziapour A, Zoladl M, Murray CJL, Fitzmaurice C, Bleyer A, Bhakta N. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:27-52. [PMID: 34871551 PMCID: PMC8716339 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. METHODS Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. FINDINGS There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. INTERPRETATION Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.
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Soesanto E, Pranata S, Rejeki S, Irham LM. The Role of Bamboo Shoot Gigantochloa Apus Extract in Decreasing the IL-17/IL-10 Ratio Level in the Atherosclerosis Process. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the endothelial, progressive, and increases by 3% per year since the age of a person passes 20 years. The ratio of the number of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines can describe the development of the process of atherosclerosis so that the higher the ratio will increase the chance of atherosclerosis.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Bamboo shoot Gigantochloa apus (BSGA) extract on decreasing interleukin-17 (IL-17)/IL-10 level ratios in New Zealand White rabbits given an atherogenic diet.
METHODS: This study uses BSGA extract freeze-dried aged 1–2 weeks and New Zealand White rabbits. Atherogenic feed uses 0.5% egg yolk and 5% pork oil which is added to the standard feed. Randomized pre- and post-test with control group design by dividing into four groups were used in this study.
RESULTS: The mean ratio of IL-17 levels with IL-10 between before and after (p < 0.005) in all groups showed a significant difference. There was a trend of increasing the ratio between IL-17 levels and IL-10 in all groups and the highest increase occurred in the control group which was 420%.
CONCLUSION: The higher the dose of BSGA extract administration could reduce the ratio between IL-17 levels and IL-10 and there is a correlation with a negative linear pattern between IL-10 and IL-17 with p = 0.034 which means that higher levels of IL-10 will reduce IL-17 levels.
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Adikusuma W, Irham LM, Chou WH, Wong HSC, Mugiyanto E, Ting J, Perwitasari DA, Chang WP, Chang WC. Drug Repurposing for Atopic Dermatitis by Integration of Gene Networking and Genomic Information. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724277. [PMID: 34721386 PMCID: PMC8548825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disease. The medications for treating AD are still limited, most of them are topical corticosteroid creams or antibiotics. The current study attempted to discover potential AD treatments by integrating a gene network and genomic analytic approaches. Herein, the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) associated with AD were extracted from the GWAS catalog. We identified 70 AD-associated loci, and then 94 AD risk genes were found by extending to proximal SNPs based on r2 > 0.8 in Asian populations using HaploReg v4.1. Next, we prioritized the AD risk genes using in silico pipelines of bioinformatic analysis based on six functional annotations to identify biological AD risk genes. Finally, we expanded them according to the molecular interactions using the STRING database to find the drug target genes. Our analysis showed 27 biological AD risk genes, and they were mapped to 76 drug target genes. According to DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database, 25 drug target genes overlapping with 53 drugs were identified. Importantly, dupilumab, which is approved for AD, was successfully identified in this bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, ten drugs were found to be potentially useful for AD with clinical or preclinical evidence. In particular, we identified filgotinub and fedratinib, targeting gene JAK1, as potential drugs for AD. Furthermore, four monoclonal antibody drugs (lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, tocilizumab, and canakinumab) were successfully identified as promising for AD repurposing. In sum, the results showed the feasibility of gene networking and genomic information as a potential drug discovery resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eko Mugiyanto
- Ph. D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicines, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
| | - Jafit Ting
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Pin Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Galles NC, Liu PY, Updike RL, Fullman N, Nguyen J, Rolfe S, Sbarra AN, Schipp MF, Marks A, Abady GG, Abbas KM, Abbasi SW, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdoli A, Abolhassani H, Abosetugn AE, Adabi M, Adamu AA, Adetokunboh OO, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal S, Aghamir SMK, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Akalu Y, Aklilu A, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Albano L, Alemayehu Y, Alene KA, Al-Eyadhy A, Alhassan RK, Ali L, Aljunid SM, Almustanyir S, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Amu H, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Ansar A, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonazzo IC, Antony B, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Artanti KD, Arulappan J, Awan AT, Awoke MA, Ayza MA, Azarian G, Azzam AY, B DB, Babar ZUD, Balakrishnan S, Banach M, Bante SA, Bärnighausen TW, Barqawi HJ, Barrow A, Bassat Q, Bayarmagnai N, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Bekuma TT, Belay HG, Belgaumi UI, Bhagavathula AS, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Boloor A, Braithwaite D, Buonsenso D, Butt ZA, Camargos P, Carreras G, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Chakinala RC, Charan J, Chatterjee S, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chowdhury FR, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung SC, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Couto RAS, Dadras O, Dagnew AB, Dagnew B, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, De Neve JW, Derbew Molla M, Derseh BT, Desai R, Desta AA, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Dorostkar F, Edem B, Edinur HA, Eftekharzadeh S, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Elsharkawy A, Enany S, Erkhembayar R, Esezobor CI, Eskandarieh S, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Ezzikouri S, Fares J, Faris PS, Feleke BE, Ferede TY, Fernandes E, Fernandes JC, Ferrara P, Filip I, Fischer F, Francis MR, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Gaidhane S, Gallus S, Garg T, Geberemariyam BS, Gebre T, Gebregiorgis BG, Gebremedhin KB, Gebremichael B, Gessner BD, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Gilani SA, Glăvan IR, Glushkova EV, Golechha M, Gonfa KB, Gopalani SV, Goudarzi H, Gubari MIM, Guo Y, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Haeuser E, Halwani R, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harapan H, Hargono A, Hashi A, Hassan S, Hassanein MH, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hay SI, Hayat K, Hegazy MI, Heidari G, Hezam K, Holla R, Hoque ME, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Househ M, Hsieh VCR, Huang J, Humayun A, Hussain R, Hussein NR, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inamdar S, Iqbal U, Irham LM, Irvani SSN, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Itumalla R, Jha RP, Joukar F, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalhor R, Kamal Z, Kamande SM, Kandel H, Karch A, Kassahun G, Kassebaum NJ, Katoto PDMC, Kelkay B, Kengne AP, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalil IA, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan J, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khang YH, Khoja AT, Khubchandani J, Kim GR, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Korshunov VA, Kosen S, Kuate Defo B, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kwarteng A, La Vecchia C, Lami FH, Landires I, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lee H, Lee YY, Levi M, Lewycka S, Li S, Liu X, Lobo SW, Lopukhov PD, Lozano R, Lutzky Saute R, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Makki A, Malik AA, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Martins-Melo FR, Matthews PC, Medina JRC, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AG, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Milne GJ, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei HR, Misra S, Mithra P, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamed TA, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohapatra A, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moni MA, Montasir AA, Moore CE, Moradi G, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Mueller UO, Munro SB, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Naveed M, Nayak BP, Negoi I, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen TH, Nikbakhsh R, Ningrum DNA, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Noubiap JJ, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Oancea B, Ochir C, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Onwujekwe OE, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Park EC, Pashazadeh Kan F, Pathak M, Paudel R, Pawar S, Pereira J, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Pinheiro M, Pirestani M, Podder V, Polibin RV, Pollok RCG, Postma MJ, Pottoo FH, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahmani AM, Rahmawaty S, Rajesh A, Ramshaw RE, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezai MS, Rios-Blancas M, Rogowski ELB, Ronfani L, Rwegerera GM, Saad AM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Salam N, Salimzadeh H, Samaei M, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saxena D, Saxena S, Seidu AA, Seylani A, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Shetty PH, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Sidemo NB, Singh A, Singh JA, Sinha S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soheili A, Tadesse EG, Tamiru AT, Tan KK, Tekalegn Y, Temsah MH, Thakur B, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Tobe-Gai R, Tohidinik HR, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tripathi M, Tsegaye B, Tsegaye GW, Ullah A, Ullah S, Ullah S, Unim B, Vacante M, Velazquez DZ, Vo B, Vollmer S, Vu GT, Vu LG, Waheed Y, Winkler AS, Wiysonge CS, Yiğit V, Yirdaw BW, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zewdie DT, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zumla A, Murray CJL, Lim SS, Mosser JF. Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1. Lancet 2021; 398:503-521. [PMID: 34273291 PMCID: PMC8358924 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. METHODS For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. FINDINGS By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81·6% [95% uncertainty interval 80·4-82·7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39·9% [37·5-42·1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38·5% [35·4-41·3] in 1980 to 83·6% [82·3-84·8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42·6% (41·4-44·1) in 1980 to 79·8% (78·4-81·1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56·8 million (52·6-60·9) to 14·5 million (13·4-15·9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. INTERPRETATION After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Perwitasari DA, Faridah IN, Dania H, Lolita L, Irham LM, Alim MDM, Shoaliha M, Heriyanto MJ. The knowledge of COVID-19 treatments, behaviors, and attitudes of providing the information on COVID-19 treatments: Perspectives of pharmacy students. J Educ Health Promot 2021; 10:235. [PMID: 34395672 PMCID: PMC8318149 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1416_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing community awareness about the transmission and treatment of COVID-19 will stop the spread of the virus. Pharmacy students are the potential facilitator to give community education about COVID-19 treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pharmacy students' knowledge of COVID-19 treatment, behavior, and attitude of providing the information about COVID-19 treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted cross-sectional study, recruiting 429 pharmacy students from three schools of pharmacy in Indonesia. The questionnaire about the knowledge of COVID-19 treatment, behavior, and attitude of providing the information on COVID-19 treatment met the validity and reliability criteria. We defined the proportion of knowledge, behavior, and attitude of the students using SPSS® version 22. RESULTS Most of the students are in the earlier years (46.63%), female (84.15%), find the information about COVID-19 from many sources of media (85.08%) including scientific articles and know information about COVID-19 transmission around their life area (76.46%). The students' knowledge about antiviral and plasma convalescent is good (>70%), the positive behaviors are related to the COVID-19 treatment information regarding to the antiviral and the provision of Vitamin C (>50%), and the positive attitude are related to giving information about the use of avigan®, plasma convalescent, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and immunomodulator (>50%). CONCLUSIONS As a future pharmacist, the knowledge of pharmacy students about COVID-19 treatment needs to be improved since earlier years. Furthermore, using the good knowledge about COVID-19 treatment, the positive behavior and attitude of providing information of the students, the community behavior and attitude will be improved. The high year students have a tendency for the good knowledge and positive behavior and attitude of providing the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyah Aryani Perwitasari
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Imaniar Noor Faridah
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Haafizah Dania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lolita Lolita
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Maratun Shoaliha
- Department of Pharmacy,School of Health Science Bani Saleh, Bekasi, Indonesia
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Irham LM, Chou WH, Calkins MJ, Adikusuma W, Hsieh SL, Chang WC. Genetic variants that influence SARS-CoV-2 receptor TMPRSS2 expression among population cohorts from multiple continents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:263-269. [PMID: 32703421 PMCID: PMC7831678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently announced that pandemic status has been achieved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exponential increases in patient numbers have been reported around the world, along with proportional increases in the number of COVID-19-related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in a population is expected to be influenced by social practices, availability of vaccines or prophylactics, and the prevalence of susceptibility genes in the population. Previous work revealed that cellular uptake of SARS-CoV-2 requires Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and a cellular protease. The spike (S) protein on SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE-2, which functions as an entry receptor. Following receptor binding, transmembrane protease serine 2 (encoded by TMPRSS2) primes the S protein to allow cellular uptake. Therefore, individual expression of TMPRSS2 may be a crucial determinant of SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility. Here, we utilized multiple large genome databases, including the GTEx portal, SNP nexus, and Ensembl genome project, to identify gene expression profiles for TMPRSS2 and its important expression quantitative trait loci. Our results show that four variants (rs464397, rs469390, rs2070788 and rs383510) affect expression of TMPRSS2 in lung tissue. The allele frequency of each variant was then assessed in regional populations, including African, American, European, and three Asian cohorts (China, Japan and Taiwan). Interestingly, our data shows that TMPRSS2-upregulating variants are at higher frequencies in European and American populations than in the Asian populations, which implies that these populations might be relatively susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, 55164, Indonesia
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Marcus J Calkins
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sincia, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University-Taipei, 11696, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
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Irham LM, Wong HSC, Perwitasari DA, Chou WH, Yang HI, Chang WC. Single-nucleotide polymorphism of rs7944135 (macrophage-expressed gene 1) is associated with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B infection: A cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17936. [PMID: 31860948 PMCID: PMC6940119 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the ultimate aim of treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Genetic, factor age, and gender were reported to be involved in the clearance of HBsAg. However, the rate of HBsAg seroclearance in CHB patients is still low globally and few of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been identified to associated with HBsAg seroclearance in CHB patients.Recently, 3 associated SNPs (rs7944135, rs171941, and rs6462008) were reported in the clearance of HBsAg in the Korean population. However, these SNPs have not been investigated in the CHB Taiwanese population. In present study, these 3 SNPs were genotyped in 2565 Taiwanese CHB patients including 493 CHB patients with HBsAg seroclearance and 2072 without HBsAg seroclearance.We observed that SNP rs7944135 was solely associated with HBsAg seroclearance. Subjects with the AA genotype at rs7944135 of macrophage-expressed gene 1 had a higher susceptibility to HBsAg clearance, compared to those with the AG or GG genotype under the genotypic model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76. 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-2.72, P = .045). Furthermore, we found a 1.74-fold increased risk of acquiring HBsAg seroclearance associated with the AA genotype compared to AG + GG of rs7944135 under the recessive model (OR = 1.74. 95% CI = 1.13-2.66, P = .014). According to the cumulative fraction curve with the log-rank test revealed that patients with the AA genotype of rs7944135 showed higher susceptibility to occur HBsAg seroclearance (P = .039) and HBV DNA undetectable (P = .0074) compared to those with the AG or GG genotype.This study examined the associations of 3 SNPs (rs7944135, rs171941, and rs6462008) with HBsAg seroclearance, and we identified that rs7944135 is solely associated with HBsAg seroclearance in Taiwanese CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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