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Plymoth M, Lundqvist R, Nystedt A, Sjöstedt A, Gustafsson TN. Targeting Tularemia: Clinical, Laboratory, and Treatment Outcomes From an 11-year Retrospective Observational Cohort in Northern Sweden. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1222-1231. [PMID: 38393822 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tularemia is an important reemerging disease with a multimodal transmission pattern. Treatment outcomes of current recommended antibiotic regimens (including ciprofloxacin and doxycycline) remain unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we report clinical, laboratory, geographical, and treatment outcomes of laboratory-confirmed tularemia cases over an 11-year period in Northern Sweden. METHODS Data from reported tularemia cases (aged >10 years at time of study) in Norrbotten county between 2011 and 2021 were collected through review of electronic medical records and participant questionnaires; 415 of 784 accepted participation (52.9%). Of these, 327 were laboratory-confirmed cases (serology and/or polymerase chain reaction). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate variables associated with retreatment. RESULTS Median age of participants was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 41.5-65) and 49.2% were female. Although ulceroglandular tularemia was the predominant form (n = 215, 65.7%), there were several cases of pulmonary tularemia (n = 40; 12.2%). Inflammatory markers were largely nonspecific, with monocytosis frequently observed (n = 36/75; 48%). Tularemia was often misdiagnosed on presentation (n = 158, 48.3%), with 65 (19.9%) receiving initial inappropriate antibiotics and 102 (31.2%) retreated. Persistent lymphadenopathy was infrequent (n = 22, 6.7%), with 10 undergoing surgical interventions. In multivariable analysis of variables associated with retreatment, we highlight differences in time until receiving appropriate antibiotics (8 [IQR, 3.25-20.75] vs 7 [IQR, 4-11.25] days; adjusted P = .076), and doxycycline-based treatment regimen (vs ciprofloxacin; adjusted P = .084), although this was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS We comprehensively summarize clinical, laboratory, and treatment outcomes of type B tularemia. Targeting tularemia requires clinical awareness, early diagnosis, and timely commencement of treatment for an appropriate duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plymoth
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Nystedt
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, County Council of Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas N Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Molin J, Domellöf M, Häggström C, Vanky E, Zamir I, Östlund E, Bixo M. Neonatal outcome following metformin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:992-1007. [PMID: 38288656 PMCID: PMC11019529 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common complication associated with gestational diabetes and therefore relevant to consider in evaluations of maternal treatment. We aimed to investigate the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in offspring exposed to metformin treatment alone (MT) or combined with insulin (MIT) in comparison with nutrition therapy alone (NT), and insulin treatment alone (IT). In addition, we investigated MT in comparison with MIT. Secondary outcomes included neonatal anthropometrics, respiratory morbidity, hyperbilirubinemia, 5-min Apgar score, and preterm birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS This Swedish population-based cohort included 16 181 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and their singleton offspring born in 2019-2021. We estimated risk as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), using individual-level, linkage register-data in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS In the main analysis, MT was associated with a lower risk of neonatal hypoglycemia vs NT (aOR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96), vs MIT (0.74 [0.64-0.87]), and vs IT (0.47 [0.40-0.55]), whereas MIT was associated with a similar risk of neonatal hypoglycemia vs NT (1.14 [0.99-1.30]) and with lower risk vs IT (0.63 [0.53-0.75]). However, supplemental feeding rates were lower for NT vs pharmacological treatments (p < 0.001). In post hoc subgroup analyses including only exclusively breastfed offspring, the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia was modified and similar among MT and NT, and higher in MIT vs NT. Insulin exposure, alone or combined with metformin, was associated with increased risk of being large for gestational age. Compared with NT, exposure to any pharmacological treatment was associated with significantly lower risk of 5-min Apgar score < 4. All other secondary outcomes were comparable among the treatment categories. CONCLUSIONS The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia appears to be comparable among offspring exposed to single metformin treatment and nutrition therapy alone, and the lower risk that we observed in favor of metformin is probably explained by a difference in supplemental feeding practices rather than metformin per se. By contrast, the lower risk favoring metformin exposure over insulin exposure was not explained by supplemental feeding. However, further investigations are required to determine whether the difference is an effect of metformin per se or mediated by other external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Molin
- Department of Clinical SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | | | - Christel Häggström
- Northern Registry Center, Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySt. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Itay Zamir
- Department of Clinical SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Eva Östlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Zamir I, Stoltz Sjöström E, van den Berg J, Naumburg E, Domellöf M. Insulin resistance prior to term age in very low birthweight infants: a prospective study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002470. [PMID: 38341196 PMCID: PMC10862284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the glucose-related hormone profile of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and assess the association between neonatal hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance during the admission period. DESIGN A prospective observational study-the Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Glucose and Hormonal Profiles over Time study. SETTING A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit and four neonatal units in county hospitals in Sweden. PATIENTS 48 infants born <1500 g (VLBW) during 2016-2019. OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma concentrations of glucose-related hormones and proteins (C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, leptin, resistin and proinsulin), insulin:C-peptide and proinsulin:insulin ratios, Homoeostatic Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check (QUICKI) indices, measured on day of life (DOL) 7 and at postmenstrual age 36 weeks. RESULTS Lower gestational age was significantly associated with higher glucose, C-peptide, insulin, proinsulin, leptin, ghrelin, resistin and GLP-1 concentrations, increased HOMA2 index, and decreased QUICKI index and proinsulin:insulin ratio. Hyperglycaemic infants had significantly higher glucose, C-peptide, insulin, leptin and proinsulin concentrations, and lower QUICKI index, than normoglycaemic infants. Higher glucose and proinsulin concentrations and insulin:C-peptide ratio, and lower QUICKI index on DOL 7 were significantly associated with longer duration of hyperglycaemia during the admission period. CONCLUSIONS VLBW infants seem to have a hormone profile consistent with insulin resistance. Lower gestational age and hyperglycaemia are associated with higher concentrations of insulin resistance markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Zamir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Estelle Naumburg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Rask G, Wadsten C, Acs B, Hartman J, Fredriksson I, Garmo H, Wärnberg F, Sund M. Immune cell infiltrate in ductal carcinoma in situ and the risk of dying from breast cancer: case-control study. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae037. [PMID: 38395442 PMCID: PMC10890909 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies identifying risk factors for death from breast cancer after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are rare. In this retrospective nested case-control study, clinicopathological factors in women treated for DCIS and who died from breast cancer were compared with those of patients with DCIS who were free from metastatic disease. METHODS The study included patients registered with DCIS without invasive carcinoma in Sweden between 1992 and 2012. This cohort was linked to the National Cause of Death Registry. Of 6964 women with DCIS, 96 were registered with breast cancer as cause of death (cases). For each case, up to four controls (318; women with DCIS, alive and without metastatic breast cancer at the time of death of the corresponding case) were selected randomly by incidence density sampling. Whole slides of tumour tissue were evaluated for DCIS grade, comedo necrosis, and intensity of periductal lymphocytic infiltrate. Composition of the immune cell infiltrate, expression of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and proliferation marker Ki-67 were scored on tissue microarrays. Clinical information was obtained from medical records. Information on date, site, and histological characteristics of local and distant recurrences was obtained from medical records for both cases and controls. RESULTS Tumour tissue was analysed from 65 cases and 195 controls. Intense periductal lymphocytic infiltrate around DCIS was associated with an increased risk of later dying from breast cancer (OR 2.21. 95% c.i. 1.01 to 4.84). Tumours with more intense lymphocytic infiltrate had a lower T cell/B cell ratio. None of the other biomarkers correlated with increased risk of breast cancer death. CONCLUSION The immune response to DCIS may influence the risk of dying from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Rask
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Wadsten
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Balazs Acs
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irma Fredriksson
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumours and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Garmo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fredrik Wärnberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Silfvenius AUK, Lindmark ME, Tall JV, Österberg JK, Strigård KK, Thorell A, Gunnarsson US. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: early follow-up of a randomized controlled study of primary fascial closure before mesh placement. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znad434. [PMID: 38159027 PMCID: PMC10771130 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suturing of the hernia aperture in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has increased during the past decade. The primary aim of this is to restore the anatomy of the abdominal wall. Closure of the aperture, however, may cause additional tension in the abdominal wall which could increase postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether suturing of the hernia aperture affects postoperative pain and hernia-site complications, including seroma, infection, pseudohernia, and mesh migration, 3 months after repair. METHODS Some 192 patients with a midline hernia between 2 and 8 cm in transverse diameter were included in a randomized controlled double-blinded multicentre study. Patients were randomized to mesh repair with (intervention) or without (control) suturing of the hernia aperture before mesh placement. Patients completed the Ventral Hernia Pain Questionnaire before and 3 months after surgery. Abdominal wall pain and hernia-site complications were assessed 3 months after surgery. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients were randomized to the intervention group and 95 to the control group. Among all patients, median age and BMI was 56 years and 31 kg/m2 respectively. Overall pain experienced decreased by 3 months after operation (P < 0.001). There was no difference between groups regarding hernia-site complications or pain experienced during the past week (13 versus 23 patients; P = 0.111). Seroma and pseudohernia occurred in 13 and 11 patients in the intervention and control groups respectively (P = 0.975 and P = 0.977). CONCLUSION Restoration of the abdominal wall anatomy by suturing the hernia aperture before mesh placement does not increase the risk of hernia-site complication or pain 3 months after surgery. This implies that fascial suturing of the aperture can be justified if there are potential long-term benefits such as lower recurrence and/or complication rates. Registration number: ISRCTN51495042 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie U K Silfvenius
- Skellefteå Research Unit, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Lindmark
- Skellefteå Research Unit, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jael V Tall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Österberg
- Department of Surgery, Mora Hospital, Mora, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin K Strigård
- Skellefteå Research Unit, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf S Gunnarsson
- Skellefteå Research Unit, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Tast A, Kasén A, Bölenius K, Hilli Y. Being a Newly Qualified Nurse: A Nordic Focus Group Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608241244679. [PMID: 38562954 PMCID: PMC10983789 DOI: 10.1177/23779608241244679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transition to working life as a newly qualified nurse (NQN) can be challenging, leading to heightened stress levels. While NQNs are generally enthusiastic about starting their careers, they often express concerns about various responsibilities and a perceived lack of experience in independently dealing with clinical care in complex environments. Objective To acquire an in-depth understanding, from a caring science perspective, of what it means to be an NQN during the transition period of the first 18 months in the profession. Methods This study relied on an exploratory qualitative design. The methodological approach followed Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy. Six focus group interviews were conducted in northern Norway (n = 3) and northern Sweden (n = 3) from January through May 2021. The interpretation of the data was inspired by Fleming et al. Nineteen female and seven male NQNs working in different contexts, including hospitals and municipalities, participated in the study. The consolidated criteria for qualitative research were used to report the results. Results Perspectives on NQNs are presented as three themes: a) the responsibility was perceived as a significant challenge, b) being a nurse is complex and demanding, and c) a desire for personal and professional development. Learning to be a nurse shouldering responsibility necessitates support and guidance from caring and compassionate colleagues and leaders. Conclusions This study sheds light on the importance of creating a workplace culture where NQNs' learning is promoted and supported by designated mentors during their transition to working life. The responsibilities should be aligned with their level of knowledge. It is important that leaders hold developmental dialogues and ensure a career plan for NQNs to continuously develop their knowledge and skills. Intervention studies designed to evaluate the meaning of the support from appointed mentors within structured mentorship programs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Tast
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Anne Kasén
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Yvonne Hilli
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Barrasa JI, Kahn TG, Lundkvist MJ, Schwartz YB. DNA elements tether canonical Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 to human genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11613-11633. [PMID: 37855680 PMCID: PMC10681801 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of multicellular animals requires epigenetic repression by Polycomb group proteins. The latter assemble in multi-subunit complexes, of which two kinds, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), act together to repress key developmental genes. How PRC1 and PRC2 recognize specific genes remains an open question. Here we report the identification of several hundreds of DNA elements that tether canonical PRC1 to human developmental genes. We use the term tether to describe a process leading to a prominent presence of canonical PRC1 at certain genomic sites, although the complex is unlikely to interact with DNA directly. Detailed analysis indicates that sequence features associated with PRC1 tethering differ from those that favour PRC2 binding. Throughout the genome, the two kinds of sequence features mix in different proportions to yield a gamut of DNA elements that range from those tethering predominantly PRC1 or PRC2 to ones capable of tethering both complexes. The emerging picture is similar to the paradigmatic targeting of Polycomb complexes by Polycomb Response Elements (PREs) of Drosophila but providing for greater plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Barrasa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tatyana G Kahn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moa J Lundkvist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yuri B Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Ekblom-Bak E, Börjesson M, Ekblom Ö, Angerås O, Bergman F, Berntsson C, Carlhäll CJ, Engström G, Engvall J, Fagman E, Flinck A, Johansson P, Jujic A, Kero T, Lind L, Mannila M, Ostenfeld E, Persson A, Persson J, Persson M, Redfors B, Sandberg C, Wennberg P, Öhlin J, Östgren CJ, Jernberg T. Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis: cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073380. [PMID: 37996228 PMCID: PMC10668326 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Multisite study at university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound. RESULTS High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73). CONCLUSIONS MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Angerås
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Frida Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Berntsson
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Carlhäll
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Flinck
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amra Jujic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Tanja Kero
- Medical Image Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Mannila
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Ostenfeld
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Redfors
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Sandberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Jerry Öhlin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Backman H, Blomberg A, Lundquist A, Strandkvist V, Sawalha S, Nilsson U, Eriksson-Ström J, Hedman L, Stridsman C, Rönmark E, Lindberg A. Lung Function Trajectories and Associated Mortality among Adults with and without Airway Obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:1063-1074. [PMID: 37460250 PMCID: PMC10867942 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Spirometry is essential for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: To identify FEV1 trajectories and their determinants on the basis of annual spirometry measurements among individuals with and without airway obstruction (AO) and to assess mortality in relation to trajectories. Methods: From 2002 through 2004, individuals with AO (FEV1/VC < 0.70, n = 993) and age- and sex-matched nonobstructive (NO) referents were recruited from population-based cohorts. Annual spirometry until 2014 was used in joint-survival latent-class mixed models to identify lung function trajectories. Mortality data were collected during 15 years of follow-up. Measurements and Main Results: Three trajectories were identified among the subjects with AO and two among the NO referents. Trajectory membership was driven by baseline FEV1% predicted (FEV1%pred) in both groups and also by pack-years in subjects with AO and current smoking in NO referents. Longitudinal FEV1%pred depended on baseline FEV1%pred, pack-years, and obesity. The trajectories were distributed as follows: among individuals with AO, 79.6% in AO trajectory 1 (FEV1 high with normal decline), 12.8% in AO trajectory 2 (FEV1 high with rapid decline), and 7.7% in AO trajectory 3 (FEV1 low with normal decline) (mean, 27, 72, and 26 ml/yr, respectively) and, among NO referents, 96.7% in NO trajectory 1 (FEV1 high with normal decline) and 3.3% in NO trajectory 2 (FEV1 high with rapid decline) (mean, 34 and 173 ml/yr, respectively). Hazard for death was increased for AO trajectories 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56) and 3 (HR, 3.45) versus AO trajectory 1 and for NO trajectory 2 (HR, 2.99) versus NO trajectory 1. Conclusions: Three different FEV1 trajectories were identified among subjects with AO and two among NO referents, with different outcomes in terms of FEV1 decline and mortality. The FEV1 trajectories among subjects with AO and the relationship between low FVC and trajectory outcome are of particular clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anders Lundquist
- Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics (USBE), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Viktor Strandkvist
- Department of Health and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Sami Sawalha
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and
| | - Ulf Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Lindberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and
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10
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Wuopio J, Orho-Melander M, Engström G, Ärnlöv J. 'No research without perfect methods': a problematic approach in epidemiology. Eur Heart J Open 2023; 3:oead093. [PMID: 37953823 PMCID: PMC10634624 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wuopio
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Family Medicine and Primary Care Unit, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Lasarettsvägen 10, 79182 Falun, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Family Medicine and Primary Care Unit, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Lasarettsvägen 10, 79182 Falun, Sweden
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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11
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Magarakis L, Idahl A, Sundfeldt K, Liv P, Pålsson M, Strandell A. SALpingectomy for STERilisation (SALSTER): study protocol for a Swedish multicentre register-based randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071246. [PMID: 37666548 PMCID: PMC10481827 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salpingectomy is currently suggested as an alternative to tubal ligation for sterilisation. Precursor lesions of ovarian carcinoma can be found in the fallopian tubes; thus, salpingectomy could possibly reduce the incidence. Most of the existing trials on safety are small, on caesarean section and report on surrogate ovarian function measures. Randomised trials in laparoscopy are lacking. Well-designed trials are needed to evaluate safety of laparoscopic opportunistic salpingectomy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In SALSTER, a national register-based randomised controlled non-inferiority trial, 968 women <50 years, wishing laparoscopic sterilisation will be randomised to either salpingectomy or tubal ligation. The Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery (GynOp) will be used for inclusion, randomisation and follow-up. Primary outcomes are any complication up to 8 weeks postoperatively, and age at menopause. Both outcomes are measured with questionnaires, complications are also assessed by a gynaecologist. In a nested trial, ovarian function will be evaluated comparing the mean difference of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), assessed preoperatively and 1 year after surgery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Performing salpingectomy for sterilisation has become increasingly common, despite the unclear risk-benefit balance. SALSTER studies the safety of salpingectomy compared with tubal ligation. Regardless of the result, SALSTER will provide gynaecologists with high quality evidence to inform women to decide on salpingectomy or not. The central ethical review board of Gothenburg, Sweden (Dnr. 316-18) approved the trial in 2018. Results will be presented at scientific congresses and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The results will be communicated through professional organisations and research networks. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03860805.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Magarakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Liv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mathias Pålsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Strandell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Seeger C, Dyrhage K, Näslund K, Andersson SGE. Apilactobacillus kunkeei releases RNA-associated membrane vesicles and proteinaceous nanoparticles. Microlife 2023; 4:uqad037. [PMID: 37705871 PMCID: PMC10496945 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellularly released particles, including membrane vesicles, have increasingly been recognized as important for bacterial community functions and host-interaction processes, but their compositions and functional roles differ between species and also between strains of the same species. In this study, we have determined the composition of membrane vesicles and protein particles identified in the cell-free pellets of two strains of Apilactobacillus kunkeei, a defensive symbiont of honeybees. The membrane vesicles were separated from the extracellular particles using density gradient ultracentrifugation. The peaks of the RNA and protein distributions were separated from each other and the highest concentration of RNA was observed in the fractions that contained the membrane vesicles while the highest protein concentration coincided with the fractions that contained extracellular particles. A comparative proteomics analysis by LC-MS/MS showed that 37 proteins with type-I signal peptides were consistently identified across the fractionated samples obtained from the cell-free pellets, of which 29 were orthologs detected in both strains. Functional predictions of the extracellular proteins revealed the presence of glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, giant proteins and peptidases. The extracellular transcriptomes mapped to a broad set of genes with a similar functional profile as the whole cell transcriptome. This study provides insights into the composition of membrane vesicles and extracellular proteins of a bee-associated symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Seeger
- Molecular Evolution, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Dyrhage
- Molecular Evolution, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Näslund
- Molecular Evolution, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siv G E Andersson
- Molecular Evolution, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Yu Chen H, Dina C, Small AM, Shaffer CM, Levinson RT, Helgadóttir A, Capoulade R, Munter HM, Martinsson A, Cairns BJ, Trudsø LC, Hoekstra M, Burr HA, Marsh TW, Damrauer SM, Dufresne L, Le Scouarnec S, Messika-Zeitoun D, Ranatunga DK, Whitmer RA, Bonnefond A, Sveinbjornsson G, Daníelsen R, Arnar DO, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Hólm H, Ghouse J, Olesen MS, Christensen AH, Mikkelsen S, Jacobsen RL, Dowsett J, Pedersen OBV, Erikstrup C, Ostrowski SR, O’Donnell CJ, Budoff MJ, Gudnason V, Post WS, Rotter JI, Lathrop M, Bundgaard H, Johansson B, Ljungberg J, Näslund U, Le Tourneau T, Smith JG, Wells QS, Söderberg S, Stefánsson K, Schott JJ, Rader DJ, Clarke R, Engert JC, Thanassoulis G. Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1927-1939. [PMID: 37038246 PMCID: PMC10232274 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS. METHODS AND RESULTS A genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10-8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2-SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-1.35; P = 2.7 × 10-51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.37; P = 1.4 × 10-3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90-5.12; P = 2.1 × 10-20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23; P = 4.8 × 10-73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.9; P = 1.9 × 10-12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS. CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu Chen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christian Dina
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Aeron M Small
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Christian M Shaffer
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Rebecca T Levinson
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - Romain Capoulade
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Andreas Martinsson
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin J Cairns
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linea C Trudsø
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Hoekstra
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hannah A Burr
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Thomas W Marsh
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Line Dufresne
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - David Messika-Zeitoun
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dilrini K Ranatunga
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, USA
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1283-8199 EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ragnar Daníelsen
- Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daníel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Hólm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex H Christensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Dowsett
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA
| | | | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Ljungberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Näslund
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James C Engert
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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Börjesson M, Ekblom Ö, Arvidsson D, Heiland EG, Väisänen D, Bergström G, Ekblom-Bak E. Correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults: cross-sectional analyses in the SCAPIS study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066336. [PMID: 36521886 PMCID: PMC9756301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify main sex-specific correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a population-based, urban sample of Swedish adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Multi-site study at university hospitals, data from the Gothenburg site. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5308 participants (51% women, aged 50-64 years) with a valid estimated VO2max, from submaximal cycle test, in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES A wide range of correlates were examined including (a) sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviours, (b) perceived health, anthropometrics and chronic conditions and (c) self-reported as well as accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Both continuous levels of estimated VO2max as well as odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI)s of low VO2max (lowest sex-specific tertile) were reported. RESULTS In multivariable regression analyses, higher age, being born abroad, short education, high waist circumference, poor perceived health, high accelerometer-derived time in sedentary and low in vigorous physical activity, as well as being passive commuter, correlated independently and significantly with low VO2max in both men and women (OR range 1.31-9.58). Additionally in men, financial strain and being an ex-smoker are associated with higher odds for low VO2max (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.48 and OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.80), while constant stress with lower odds (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85). Additionally in women, being a regular smoker is associated with lower odds for low VO2max (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.92). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides important reference material on CRF and correlates of CRF in a general middle-aged population, which can be valuable for future research, clinical practice and public health work. If relations are causal, increased knowledge about specific subgroups will aid in the development of appropriate, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geraiatric and Acute Medicine Östra, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emerald G Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Väisänen
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Vass M, Eriksson K, Carlsson-Graner U, Wikner J, Andersson A. Co-occurrences enhance our understanding of aquatic fungal metacommunity assembly and reveal potential host-parasite interactions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:fiac120. [PMID: 36202390 PMCID: PMC9621394 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of aquatic fungal communities, their assembly, distributions and ecological roles in marine ecosystems is scarce. Hence, we aimed to investigate fungal metacommunities of coastal habitats in a subarctic zone (northern Baltic Sea, Sweden). Using a novel joint species distribution model and network approach, we quantified the importance of biotic associations contributing to the assembly of mycoplankton, further, detected potential biotic interactions between fungi-algae pairs, respectively. Our long-read metabarcoding approach identified 493 fungal taxa, of which a dominant fraction (44.4%) was assigned as early-diverging fungi (i.e. Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota). Alpha diversity of mycoplankton declined and community compositions changed along inlet-bay-offshore transects. The distributions of most fungi were rather influenced by environmental factors than by spatial drivers, and the influence of biotic associations was pronounced when environmental filtering was weak. We found great number of co-occurrences (120) among the dominant fungal groups, and the 25 associations between fungal and algal OTUs suggested potential host-parasite and/or saprotroph links, supporting a Cryptomycota-based mycoloop pathway. We emphasize that the contribution of biotic associations to mycoplankton assembly are important to consider in future studies as it helps to improve predictions of species distributions in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Vass
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karolina Eriksson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulla Carlsson-Graner
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikner
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Sweden Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Sweden Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden
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Koller TO, Turnbull KJ, Vaitkevicius K, Crowe-McAuliffe C, Roghanian M, Bulvas O, Nakamoto JA, Kurata T, Julius C, Atkinson G, Johansson J, Hauryliuk V, Wilson D. Structural basis for HflXr-mediated antibiotic resistance in Listeria monocytogenes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11285-11300. [PMID: 36300626 PMCID: PMC9638945 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HflX is a ubiquitous bacterial GTPase that splits and recycles stressed ribosomes. In addition to HflX, Listeria monocytogenes contains a second HflX homolog, HflXr. Unlike HflX, HflXr confers resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics by an experimentally unexplored mechanism. Here, we have determined cryo-EM structures of L. monocytogenes HflXr-50S and HflX-50S complexes as well as L. monocytogenes 70S ribosomes in the presence and absence of the lincosamide lincomycin. While the overall geometry of HflXr on the 50S subunit is similar to that of HflX, a loop within the N-terminal domain of HflXr, which is two amino acids longer than in HflX, reaches deeper into the peptidyltransferase center. Moreover, unlike HflX, the binding of HflXr induces conformational changes within adjacent rRNA nucleotides that would be incompatible with drug binding. These findings suggest that HflXr confers resistance using an allosteric ribosome protection mechanism, rather than by simply splitting and recycling antibiotic-stalled ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karolis Vaitkevicius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caillan Crowe-McAuliffe
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Roghanian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Bulvas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jose A Nakamoto
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tatsuaki Kurata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Julius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gemma C Atkinson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel N Wilson
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 40 42838 2841;
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Bäckström D, Granåsen G, Mo SJ, Riklund K, Trupp M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Forsgren L, Domellöf ME. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac040. [PMID: 35350553 PMCID: PMC8947320 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cognitive decline is heterogeneous in the three most common idiopathic parkinsonian diseases: Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. The causes for this heterogeneity are not fully understood, and there are no validated biomarkers that can accurately identify patients who will develop dementia and when. In this population-based, prospective study, comprehensive neuropsychological testing was performed repeatedly in new-onset, idiopathic parkinsonism. Dementia was diagnosed until 10 years and participants (N = 210) were deeply phenotyped by multimodal clinical, biochemical, genetic and brain imaging measures. At baseline, before the start of dopaminergic treatment, mild cognitive impairment was prevalent in 43.4% of the patients with Parkinson disease, 23.1% of the patients with multiple system atrophy and 77.8% of the patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Longitudinally, all three diseases had a higher incidence of cognitive decline compared with healthy controls, but the types and severity of cognitive dysfunctions differed. In Parkinson disease, psychomotor speed and attention showed signs of improvement after dopaminergic treatment, while no such improvement was seen in other diseases. The 10-year cumulative probability of dementia was 54% in Parkinson disease and 71% in progressive supranuclear palsy, while there were no cases of dementia in multiple system atrophy. An easy-to-use, multivariable model that predicts the risk of dementia in Parkinson disease within 10 years with high accuracy (area under the curve: 0.86, P < 0.001) was developed. The optimized model adds CSF biomarkers to four easily measurable clinical features at baseline (mild cognitive impairment, olfactory function, motor disease severity and age). The model demonstrates a highly variable but predictable risk of dementia in Parkinson disease, e.g. a 9% risk within 10 years in a patient with normal cognition and CSF amyloid-β42 in the highest tertile, compared with an 85% risk in a patient with mild cognitive impairment and CSF amyloid-β42 in the lowest tertile. Only small or no associations with cognitive decline were found for factors that could be easily modifiable (such as thyroid dysfunction). Risk factors for cognitive decline in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy included signs of systemic inflammation and eye movement abnormalities. The predictive model has high accuracy in Parkinson disease and might be used for the selection of patients into clinical trials or as an aid to improve the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bäckström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Correspondence to: David Bäckström Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences Umeå University, Section of Neurology Norrlands Universitetssjukhus Umeå, Sweden E-mail:
| | - Gabriel Granåsen
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Jakobson Mo
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miles Trupp
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have investigated the association between socioeconomic characteristics and fractures among children, producing different results. In a population-based study, we previously found an increased risk of fractures among children living in an urban municipality compared with rural municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of socioeconomic variables for the incidence of fractures among 0-17 year olds. SETTING, DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURE We present a longitudinal, observational study of a population 0-17 years of age. Data from an injury database were linked with additional socioeconomic data for the population at risk. These were 55 758 individuals residing within the primary catchment area of a regional hospital in northern Sweden. Using the number of fractures as the outcome, we fitted a generalised linear mixed model for a Poisson response with socioeconomic variables at the family level as independent variables while controlling for age, sex and place of residence. RESULTS We found a significant association between higher levels of family income and the risk of fracture, rate ratio 1.40 (1.28-1.52) p<0.001 when comparing the highest income quintile to the lowest as well as the number of siblings and the risk of fracture. Children with one or two siblings had a rate ratio of 1.28 (1.19-1.38) p<0.001 when compared with children with no siblings. Parents' educational level and having a single parent showed no significant association with fractures. The previously observed association between municipalities and fracture risk was less pronounced when taking family-level socioeconomic variables into account. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that children from families with higher income and with siblings are at greater risk of sustaining fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedström
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sead Crnalic
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonia Kullström
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bermúdez Barón N, Lindberg A, Stridsman C, Andersson M, Hedman L, Vikjord SA, Kankaanranta H, Lundbäck B, Rönmark E, Backman H. Among respiratory symptoms, wheeze associates most strongly with impaired lung function in adults with asthma: a long-term prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:e000981. [PMID: 34281917 PMCID: PMC8291305 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common disease and a major public health concern. Respiratory symptoms are related to its prognosis, which in turn associates with lung function. Still this association on a long-term basis is not entirely understood. AIM To study the association of the type and number of respiratory symptoms with FEV1 and FEV1 decline in women and men with asthma. METHOD A population-based cohort of adults with asthma was examined at study entry between 1986 and 2001 and at follow-up between 2012 and 2014, and n=977 had valid measurements of FEV1 on both occasions. Data regarding respiratory symptoms at study entry (recurrent wheeze, dyspnoea, longstanding cough and productive cough) were analysed in relation to FEV1 and annual decline in FEV1, both unadjusted and adjusted for other potentially associated factors by linear regression. RESULTS For both sexes recurrent wheeze and dyspnoea were associated with lower FEV1 at study entry and follow-up, while productive cough was associated with lower FEV1 only at follow-up. No associations were found between the type of symptoms and annual decline in FEV1. In adjusted analyses, the association between recurrent wheeze and lower FEV1 both at study entry and follow-up remained significant among women. Also, the association between a higher number of symptoms with lower FEV1 both at study entry and follow-up were present for both sexes and remained after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Particularly recurrent wheeze and a higher number of respiratory symptoms may predict lower lung function also in the long run among women and men with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Bermúdez Barón
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Stridsman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Anna Vikjord
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mielke K, Wagner R, Mishra LS, Demir F, Perrar A, Huesgen PF, Funk C. Abundance of metalloprotease FtsH12 modulates chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3455-3473. [PMID: 33216923 PMCID: PMC8042743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent metalloprotease FtsH12 (filamentation temperature sensitive protein H 12) has been suggested to participate in a heteromeric motor complex, driving protein translocation into the chloroplast. FtsH12 was immuno-detected in proplastids, seedlings, leaves, and roots. Expression of Myc-tagged FtsH12 under its native promotor allowed identification of FtsHi1, 2, 4, and 5, and plastidic NAD-malate dehydrogenase, five of the six interaction partners in the suggested import motor complex. Arabidopsis thaliana mutant seedlings with reduced FTSH12 abundance exhibited pale cotyledons and small, deformed chloroplasts with altered thylakoid structure. Mature plants retained these chloroplast defects, resulting in slightly variegated leaves and lower chlorophyll content. Label-free proteomics revealed strong changes in the proteome composition of FTSH12 knock-down seedlings, reflecting impaired plastid development. The composition of the translocon on the inner chloroplast membrane (TIC) protein import complex was altered, with coordinated reduction of the FtsH12-FtsHi complex subunits and accumulation of the 1 MDa TIC complex subunits TIC56, TIC214 and TIC22-III. FTSH12 overexpressor lines showed no obvious phenotype, but still displayed distinct differences in their proteome. N-terminome analyses further demonstrated normal proteolytic maturation of plastid-imported proteins irrespective of FTSH12 abundance. Together, our data suggest that FtsH12 has highest impact during seedling development; its abundance alters the plastid import machinery and impairs chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raik Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Fatih Demir
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Perrar
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany
- CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
So-called digital tracking and tracing systems (DTTSs) have been proposed as a means to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. There are ethical guidelines and evaluations of such systems available. As part of a research project, I will build on and critically evaluate the foundations of such guidelines. The goal is to provide both incremental improvements of the specific requirements for DTTSs and to present and discuss more fundamental challenge, the risk for indirect effects and slippery slopes. The nature of slippery slopes makes ethical guidelines more difficult since it requires a more complex analysis than, for example, using a checklist allows for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Lundgren
- Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Philosophy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Martin OC, Frisan T. Bacterial Genotoxin-Induced DNA Damage and Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020063. [PMID: 31973033 PMCID: PMC7076804 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
: Bacterial genotoxins (BTGX) induce DNA damage, which results in senescence or apoptosis of the target cells if not properly repaired. Three BTGXs have been identified: the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) family produced by several Gram-negative bacteria, the typhoid toxin produced by several Salmonella enterica serovars, and colibactin, a peptide-polyketide, produced mainly by the phylogenetic group B2 Escherichia coli. The cellular responses induced by BTGXs resemble those of well-characterized carcinogenic agents, and several lines of evidence indicate that bacteria carrying genotoxin genes can contribute to tumor development under specific circumstances. Given their unusual mode of action, it is still enigmatic why these effectors have been acquired by microbes and what is their role in the context of the biology of the producing bacterium, since it is unlikely that their primary purpose is to induce/promote cancer in the mammalian host. In this review, we will discuss the possibility that the DNA damage induced by BTGX modulates the host immune response, acting as immunomodulator, leading to the establishment of a suitable niche for the producing bacterium. We will further highlight open questions that remain to be solved regarding the biology of this unusual family of bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane C.B. Martin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, 33320 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Marklund S, Mienna CS, Wahlström J, Englund E, Wiesinger B. Work ability and productivity among dentists: associations with musculoskeletal pain, stress, and sleep. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:271-278. [PMID: 31654126 PMCID: PMC7007882 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Work ability can be measured by the work ability index (WAI), and work-related questions measuring productivity loss in terms of quality and quantity of work. Dentists have high occupational risk of musculoskeletal pain and the exposure of ergonomic strain is already high during dental education. The aim was to evaluate work ability and productivity among dentists, and to identify gender differences and associations with sleep, stress, and reported frequent pain. Methods The study population comprised 187 dentists (123 women and 64 men) who had been working as dentists between 5 and 12 years. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding sleep, stress, presence of pain at different sites, work ability assessed by WAI, and productivity in terms of quality and quantity of work. Results Poor sleep quality and high level of stress were reported by 31% and 48.1% of participants, respectively, with no gender differences and no association with age. The prevalence of frequent pain ranged 6.4–46.5% with shoulders being the most prevalent site. Thirty-three percent reported reduced work ability. Poor sleep, high amount of stress, and multi-site pain were associated with decreased work ability. Conclusions A high prevalence of pain was shown among dentists. Decreased work ability in terms of productivity loss was associated with poor sleep quality, high amount of stress, and multi-site pain. Preventive actions at the workplace should promote good musculoskeletal health, and measures taken, both individual and organizational, to minimize the risk of high, persistent stress and work-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Marklund
- Department of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Christina S Mienna
- Department of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jens Wahlström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erling Englund
- Department of Research and Development, Umeå University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Wiesinger
- Department of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Umeå University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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24
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Vouzouneraki K, Franklin KA, Forsgren M, Wärn M, Persson JT, Wik H, Dahlgren C, Nilsson AS, Alkebro C, Burman P, Erfurth EM, Wahlberg J, Åkerman AK, Høybye C, Ragnarsson O, Engström BE, Dahlqvist P. Temporal relationship of sleep apnea and acromegaly: a nationwide study. Endocrine 2018; 62:456-463. [PMID: 30066288 PMCID: PMC6208862 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with acromegaly have an increased risk of sleep apnea, but reported prevalence rates vary largely. Here we aimed to evaluate the sleep apnea prevalence in a large national cohort of patients with acromegaly, to examine possible risk factors, and to assess the proportion of patients diagnosed with sleep apnea prior to acromegaly diagnosis. METHODS Cross-sectional multicenter study of 259 Swedish patients with acromegaly. At patients' follow-up visits at the endocrine outpatient clinics of all seven university hospitals in Sweden, questionnaires were completed to assess previous sleep apnea diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases, smoking habits, anthropometric data, and S-IGF-1 levels. Daytime sleepiness was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Patients suspected to have undiagnosed sleep apnea were referred for sleep apnea investigations. RESULTS Of the 259 participants, 75 (29%) were diagnosed with sleep apnea before the study start. In 43 (57%) of these patients, sleep apnea had been diagnosed before the diagnosis of acromegaly. After clinical assessment and sleep studies, sleep apnea was diagnosed in an additional 20 patients, yielding a total sleep apnea prevalence of 37%. Higher sleep apnea risk was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, and index finger circumference. Sleep apnea was more frequent among patients with S-IGF-1 levels in the highest quartile. CONCLUSION Sleep apnea is common among patients with acromegaly, and is often diagnosed prior to their acromegaly diagnosis. These results support early screening for sleep apnea in patients with acromegaly and awareness for acromegaly in patients with sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Forsgren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wärn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Patient Area Endocrinology and Nephrology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Tiberg Persson
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Wik
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Dahlgren
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology, University of Lund and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö - Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Alkebro
- Division of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pia Burman
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology, University of Lund and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö - Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva-Marie Erfurth
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology, University of Lund and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö - Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Wahlberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Åkerman
- Division of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Høybye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Patient Area Endocrinology and Nephrology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Ragnarsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Edén Engström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Blomquist C, Chorell E, Ryberg M, Mellberg C, Worrsjö E, Makoveichuk E, Larsson C, Lindahl B, Olivecrona G, Olsson T. Decreased lipogenesis-promoting factors in adipose tissue in postmenopausal women with overweight on a Paleolithic-type diet. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2877-2886. [PMID: 29075849 PMCID: PMC6267391 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We studied effects of diet-induced postmenopausal weight loss on gene expression and activity of proteins involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Methods Fifty-eight postmenopausal women with overweight (BMI 32.5 ± 5.5) were randomized to eat an ad libitum Paleolithic-type diet (PD) aiming for a high intake of protein and unsaturated fatty acids or a prudent control diet (CD) for 24 months. Anthropometry, plasma adipokines, gene expression of proteins involved in fat metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mass in SAT were measured at baseline and after 6 months. LPL mass and activity were also measured after 24 months. Results The PD led to improved insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01) and decreased circulating triglycerides (P < 0.001), lipogenesis-related factors, including LPL mRNA (P < 0.05), mass (P < 0.01), and activity (P < 0.001); as well as gene expressions of CD36 (P < 0.05), fatty acid synthase, FAS (P < 0.001) and diglyceride acyltransferase 2, DGAT2 (P < 0.001). The LPL activity (P < 0.05) and gene expression of DGAT2 (P < 0.05) and FAS (P < 0.05) were significantly lowered in the PD group versus the CD group at 6 months and the LPL activity (P < 0.05) remained significantly lowered in the PD group compared to the CD group at 24 months. Conclusions Compared to the CD, the PD led to a more pronounced reduction of lipogenesis-promoting factors in SAT among postmenopausal women with overweight. This could have mediated the favorable metabolic effects of the PD on triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Blomquist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Mellberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evelina Worrsjö
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena Makoveichuk
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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