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Charles NE, Strong SJ, Floyd PN, Burns LC, Sigurdson L, Barry CT. Test-Retest Reliability of Self-Reported Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among at-Risk Adolescents. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:432-446. [PMID: 35699603 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents often engage in behaviors such as substance use and risky sexual activity that can lead to negative health and psychological consequences for themselves and others. Accurate measurement of these behaviors in surveys is challenging given that the behaviors are often viewed as undesirable and/or are illegal, so it is important to test the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess adolescent risk behaviors. The current study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of a widely used measure of youth risk-taking behavior, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A sample of 156 at-risk adolescents aged 16-18 years (81% male; 61% White) completed the YRBS retrospectively across intervals ranging from 3 to 12 days during their stay in a residential program at which they were under close supervision and had limited ability to engage in new risk behaviors. Participants were asked to complete the YRBS based on their "typical" (pre-program) behavior at both administrations, which were 10-14 weeks into their stay. The reliability of responses was assessed using kappa and weighted kappa analyses. Findings indicate moderate to substantial reliability for nearly all items, suggesting that at-risk youth reliably reported their engagement in health risk behaviors across multiple administrations and supporting the psychometric strength of the YRBS measure for use with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Charles
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Stephanie J Strong
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Paula N Floyd
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Lauren C Burns
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Lydia Sigurdson
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Blakeslee T, Snethen J, Schiffman RF, Gwon SH, Sapp M, Kelber S. Adolescent Characteristics, Suicide, and Bullying in High School. J Sch Nurs 2023; 39:463-474. [PMID: 34397299 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211038235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2011-2017 data were examined for associations among high school population subsets who self-reported suicide risk behaviors and experiences with bullying. High-school students who reported suicidal risk behaviors were 4.64 times more likely to have experienced bullying electronically. Ninth grade and female students were more likely than others to experience suicide risk behaviors and bullying. At the interpersonal level, school nurses are able to identify students who are experiencing bullying and who exhibit suicide risk behaviors. At the systems level, bullying prevention efforts should target all students. School nurses, administrators, policy makers, and health providers should consider data-driven recommendations in bullying prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Snethen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Marty Sapp
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sheryl Kelber
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Evans A, Polak C, Neuroth LM, Smith GA, Zhu M. Trends in Passenger Seat Belt Use Among High School Students-United States, 1991-2019. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:761-763. [PMID: 36088227 PMCID: PMC9812364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite having the highest risk per miles driven for motor vehicle crash involvement, only 57% of US high school students reported always using a seat belt when riding in a car with another driver in 2019. METHODS Data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted biennially from 1991 to 2019 were used to assess trends in seat belt use. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates and linear splines was used to examine seat belt use trend changes overall and by gender, race/ethnicity, and grade. RESULTS From 1991 to 2015, seat belt use was about 3.3% higher each survey cycle compared with the previous survey cycle, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and age. After 2015, seat belt use was about 1.8% lower each survey cycle than the previous survey cycle, adjusting for the same covariates. DISCUSSION New and effective strategies should be considered for promoting consistent seat belt use among US high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Evans
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cassandra Polak
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lucas M Neuroth
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gary A Smith
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Motao Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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4
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Chakraborty P, Alalwan M, Johnson RM, Li L, Lancaster KE, Zhu M. Mental health and substance use by sexual minority status in high school students who experienced sexual violence. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 64:127-131. [PMID: 34571196 PMCID: PMC8804963 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between sexual minority status and the prevalence of emotional distress and substance use among a nationally-representative sample of youth who reported sexual violence victimization. METHODS Data were from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial school-based survey. We restricted the sample to youth who reported any past-year sexual violence victimization. We estimated prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression with robust error variance to examine associations of sexual minority status with depressive symptomology, suicidality, and substance use. RESULTS Among the 1364 (9.7%) students who experienced sexual violence, 78% were girls. Relative to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth had higher prevalence estimates for the emotional distress outcomes and marijuana use. Sexual minority status was associated with depressive symptomology (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.44), suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.91, 1.66-2.20), medically treated suicide attempt (aPR: 2.74, 1.53-4.93), and past 30-day marijuana use (aPR: 1.29, 1.06-1.57). CONCLUSIONS Among youth who experience sexual violence, sexual minorities may experience more emotional distress and substance use outcomes than heterosexuals. Rape crisis programs and other tertiary interventions should attend to the unique needs of sexual minorities who have been sexually victimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mahmood Alalwan
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Li Li
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kathryn E Lancaster
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Motao Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
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5
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Okado I, Floyd FJ, Goebert D, Sugimoto-Matsuda J, Hayashi K. Applying ideation-to-action theories to predict suicidal behavior among adolescents. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1292-1300. [PMID: 34706443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many risk factors for adolescent suicidal behavior have been identified, less is known about distinct risk factors associated with the progression from suicide ideation to attempts. Based on theories grounded in the ideation-to-action framework, we used structural equation modeling to examine risk and protective factors associated with the escalation from suicide ideation to attempts in adolescents. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data from the 2013 and 2015 Hawaii High School Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (N = 8,113) were analyzed. The sample was 54.0% female and racially/ethnically diverse. Risk factors included depression, victimization, self-harm, violent behavior, disinhibition, and hard substance use, and protective factors included adult support, sports participation, academic achievement and school safety. RESULTS One in 6 adolescents (16.4%) reported suicide ideation, and nearly 1 in 10 (9.8%) adolescents had made a suicide attempt. Overall, disinhibition predicted the escalation to attempts among adolescents with suicide ideation, and higher academic performance was associated with lower suicide attempt risk. Depression and victimization were associated with suicide ideation. LIMITATIONS This study examined data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and other known risk factors such as anxiety and family history of suicide were not available in these data. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide guidance for targets for clinical interventions focused on suicide prevention. Programs that incorporate behavioral disinhibition may have the greatest potential for reducing suicide attempt risk in adolescents with suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Okado
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St. #422, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States.
| | - Frank J Floyd
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St. #422, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Deborah Goebert
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St. #422, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Jeanelle Sugimoto-Matsuda
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St. #422, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St. #422, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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Phillips Ii G, Wang X, Ruprecht MM, Stephens R, Costa D, Beach LB, Janulis P. Associations between HIV Testing and Consent Policies among Sexually Active Adolescents: Differences by Sexual Behavior. AIDS Care 2021; 34:862-868. [PMID: 34668801 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1991878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV incidence remains high among US youth, especially among sexual minority youth. However, only half of youth with HIV are aware of their status. One potential explanation for low HIV testing rates is that restrictive policies may prevent minors from access HIV testing due to parental consent requirements. Using pooled data from the local Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we assessed whether state HIV testing laws, including age restrictions and explicit inclusion of HIV in STI testing consent laws, were associated with differences in HIV testing rates; differences by sexual behavior were also examined. Among female youth, policies were not associated with HIV testing. However, among male youth, both the presence of age restrictions and explicit inclusion in STI services were significantly associated with increased odds of HIV testing. Results indicate that policy changes may be effective at increasing testing among male youth who have sex with other males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Phillips Ii
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan M Ruprecht
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reno Stephens
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diogo Costa
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Janulis
- Northwestern University Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pham VT, Adjei Boakye E, Simpson MC, Van Phu Bui Q, Olomukoro SI, Zand DH, Halloran DR, Osazuwa-Peters N. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Sexual Risks Among High School Students in the U.S.: Does Sexual Orientation Play a Role? Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:3093-3101. [PMID: 34590221 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between sexual orientation and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related risky sexual behaviors among high school students in the U.S. We used the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a three-stage cluster sample, nationally representative, cross-sectional study. Participants were sexually active students (Grades 9-12) in public, private, and Catholic schools in 50 states and the District of Columbia (n = 5,958). Sexual orientation dimensions were: sexual self-identity (heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and not sure) and sex of sexual contacts. HPV-associated risky sexual risk behaviors selected a priori were early sexual debut (≤ 12 or ≥ 13 years old) and number of lifetime partners (≥ 2 or ≥ 4). Separate multiple logistic regression analyses estimated association between sexual orientation and sex of sexual contacts, and HPV-associated risky sexual behaviors. Among the 5,958 high school students, a quarter had ≥ 4, and two-thirds had ≥ 2 sexual partners. Students who self-identified as bisexual (aOR = 2.43, 99% CI 1.19-4.98) or "not sure" (aOR = 4.56, 99% CI 2.54-8.17) were more likely to have sexual debut before 13 years. Similarly, students whose sexual contacts were adolescent females who had sex with females and males were more likely to have sexual debut before they turned 13 years of age (aOR = 3.46, 99% CI 1.83-6.48), or had ≥ 4 sexual partners (aOR = 2.66, 99% CI 1.74-4.08), or had ≥ 2 sexual partners (aOR = 3.09, 99% CI 1.91-5.00). In conclusion, HPV-associated risky sexual behavior is prevalent among high school students, especially sexual minorities. Interventions tailored to this population could increase HPV vaccine uptake and prevent future HPV-associated cancers and other negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy T Pham
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Adjei Boakye
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison Street, 19664, Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA.
- Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Matthew C Simpson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Quoc Van Phu Bui
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie I Olomukoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debra H Zand
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna R Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Saint Louis University Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Luken A, Thrul J, Johnson RM. Electronic cigarette and cannabis use: results from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Cannabis Res 2021; 3:21. [PMID: 34172100 PMCID: PMC8234632 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between lifetime e-cigarette use and current cannabis use among youth. Our analyses accounted for county variability, in addition to student-level covariates. METHODS This study examined responses from high school students on a state-level population survey, the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional, complex survey sample. Of participating students, final analyses included an unweighted sample of 41,091 9th to 12th grade students who provided complete reports for measured variables. Analyses with survey weights were conducted between August 2019 and May 2020. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between lifetime e-cigarette use and current (past 30-day) cannabis use, after controlling for county, lifetime cigarette use, current (past 30-day) alcohol use, emotional distress, and demographics. RESULTS Lifetime e-cigarette use significantly increased the odds of current cannabis use among Maryland high school students (aOR = 6.04; 95% CI 5.27, 6.93). Other significant risk factors for current cannabis use included lifetime cigarette use (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.86, 2.68) and current alcohol use (aOR 5.21, 95% CI 4.42, 6.14). Significantly higher odds of current cannabis use were also found among older high school students, males, non-Hispanic Blacks and students identifying as other race, and those reporting emotional distress. CONCLUSIONS Lifetime e-cigarette use among Maryland high school students is strongly associated with current cannabis use when including counties as a covariate. Non-significant county differences, however, suggest smaller geographical units may be required to control for variability. Efforts should focus on reducing youth e-cigarette use to decrease cannabis use. Maryland's recent implementation of Tobacco 21 and a ban on flavored e-cigarettes will be of interest for future evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Luken
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Felt D, Wang X, Ruprecht MM, Turner B, Beach LB, Philbin MM, Birkett M, Phillips Ii G. Differential Decline in Illicit Drug Use by Sexual Identity Among United States High School Students, 2005-2017. LGBT Health 2020; 7:420-430. [PMID: 33155884 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adolescent drug use remains a significant public health concern. Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at elevated risk for illicit drug use compared with their heterosexual peers. We investigated this pattern at the national level, exploring whether trends and disparities in drug use vary over time and by sexual identity. Methods: This study used Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data, which were collected at seven time points from 2005 to 2017. Trends and disparities over time in the use of five drugs, as well as any drug use, were analyzed by self-reported sexual identity. Results: The results demonstrated a general decrease in drug use behaviors from 2005 to 2017. The greatest number of significant decreases was among heterosexual and bisexual students; the fewest were among gay and lesbian students. Disparities between heterosexual youth and SMY persisted across years, and were greater for gay and lesbian students in 2017 than for bisexual and not-sure youth. Conclusions: Our results represent the most comprehensive analysis of recent trends in drug use by sexual identity to date. Disparities in drug use remained significant despite overall downward trends within our sample. The significant decreases among bisexual students are not readily explained. We emphasize the need for ongoing research in this area, particularly given the currently volatile social position of sexual minority populations in the United States, and for culturally responsive and trauma-informed responses to SMY drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Felt
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan M Ruprecht
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Morgan Mari Philbin
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Phillips Ii
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Olsen EO, Vivolo-Kantor A, Kann L. Physical and Sexual Teen Dating Violence Victimization and Sexual Identity Among U.S. High School Students, 2015. J Interpers Violence 2020; 35:3581-3600. [PMID: 29294763 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517708757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth are at risk for many negative behaviors associated with teen dating violence victimization (TDVV). This study describes the prevalence of physical and sexual TDVV by sexual identity and quantifies the increased risk for TDVV among LGB youth compared with heterosexual youth. The participants for this study were students in Grades 9 to 12 participating in the 2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) who responded to questions ascertaining sexual identity and both physical and sexual TDVV. Data were analyzed by sexual identity, stratified by sex, and controlled for race/ethnicity and grade in school. Frequencies of physical and sexual TDVV and prevalence of TDVV from a combined TDVV measure were calculated. Associations between these behaviors and sexual identity were identified. Generally, LGB youth had greater prevalence and frequency of TDVV compared with heterosexual youth. Prevalence of TDVV within sexual identity subgroups further differed by sex. Students who were not sure of their sexual identity had the highest risk of most categories of TDVV when adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and grade in school. These results are the first to use a nationally representative sample to describe frequency of TDVV and to determine prevalence of a combined physical and sexual TDVV measure by sexual identity among youth. Schools, communities, and families can help prevent teen dating violence and ameliorate the potential impacts of these victimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily O'Malley Olsen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- University of Tampere, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Laura Kann
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Manzo K, Hobbs GR, Gachupin FC, Stewart J, Knox SS. Reservation-Urban Comparison of Suicidal Ideation/Planning and Attempts in American Indian Youth. J Sch Health 2020; 90:439-446. [PMID: 32212169 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to identify sex- and location-specific risk factors for suicide ideation/planning and attempts among American Indian youth. METHODS Biennial data for 6417 American Indian high school students attending reservation and urban schools were extracted from the Montana volunteer sample Youth Risk Behavior Survey data for pooled years 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression was used to identify sex- and school location-specific risk behaviors and psychosocial factors for past 12-month ideation/planning and past 12-month attempts. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, the prevalence of ideation/planning and attempts did not significantly differ between reservation/urban location; however, risk factors associated with suicidality did. Sadness/hopelessness was associated with both outcomes for all groups. However, violent victimization was associated with both outcomes only among girls. Lack of school safety was associated with attempts but not ideation/planning among all students. There were distinct differences in risk factors associated with both outcomes among boys. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate differences and similarities in risk behaviors and psychosocial factors associated with suicidality by sex and reservation/urban setting. Implications include screening potentially at-risk students for depression, violent victimization, substance use, and school safety and use of the findings by tribal and school programs in designing prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manzo
- Native American Studies Program, West Virginia University, PO Box 6284, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6284
| | - Gerald R Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Francine C Gachupin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, 655 N Alvernon Way Ste #228, PO Box 210,491, Tucson, AZ, 85711-1823
| | - Jera Stewart
- Independent Contractor, P.O. Box 41 St, Ignatius, MT, 59865
| | - Sarah S Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Member West Virginia University Cancer Center 1 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190
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Cygan HR, McNaughton D, Reising V, Fogg L, Marshall B, Simon J. Teen pregnancy in Chicago: Who is at risk? Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:353-362. [PMID: 32196754 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy, with its associated health and social consequences for young people and society as a whole, is one of the nation's most important public health issues. The purpose of this study was to use Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data describe self-reported, pregnancy experiences in 9-12th grade Chicago Public Schools (CPS) students and identify teens at highest risk based on gender, grade-level, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. METHODS Secondary data analysis of the 2017 CPS high school Youth Risk Behavior Survey was conducted. RESULTS The survey response rate was 73% (n = 1,883). 4.9% (n = 91) of CPS students in grades 9 - 12 reported a pregnancy experience, and 1.9% (n = 34) reported being "unsure" of a pregnancy experience. Statistically significant differences in the likelihood of self-reporting a pregnancy experience were found based on grade level (p = .000), race (p = .023), and sexual orientation (p = .000). CONCLUSION While risk for a teen pregnancy experience varies across all groups, public health nurses can use YRBS data to better understand pregnancy risk in the populations they serve and can leverage core competencies, and robust community relationships to adapt, implement and evaluate evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention programs for maximum impact on teens at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide R Cygan
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diane McNaughton
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Virginia Reising
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis Fogg
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Booker Marshall
- Office of Student Health and Wellness, Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremiah Simon
- Office of Student Health and Wellness, Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA
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Schneider KE, Webb L, Boon D, Johnson RM. Adolescent Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Association with Other Drug Use, Injection Drug Use, and Team Sport Participation. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 2020; 29:246-251. [PMID: 36540327 PMCID: PMC9762502 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2022.2052219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The majority of epidemiologic research on adolescent non-medical anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use was conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s, indicating a need to update evidence for the modern era. We aim to understand the prevalence of AAS use among US adolescents and assess associations between AAS use, sports participation, other drug use, and injection drug use (IDU). Methods Using data from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we estimated the prevalence of AAS use and tested for associations between AAS use, sports participation, and drug use, overall and by sex. Results The prevalence of AAS use was 2.98%. The prevalence among boys (3.46%) was higher than among girls (2.41%). AAS use was high among youth with lifetime heroin use (64.41%) and IDU (64.42%). There was no association between AAS and team sport participation (p=0.61). Conclusions Our results indicate that adolescent AAS use is an aspect of polysubstance use rather than a substance used solely for performance enhancement in sports. Research with adolescents should be mindful of the overlap of heroin and AAS use among youth with IDU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey Webb
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denali Boon
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Phillips G, Beach LB, Turner B, Feinstein BA, Marro R, Philbin MM, Salamanca P, Felt D, Birkett M. Sexual Identity and Behavior Among U.S. High School Students, 2005-2015. Arch Sex Behav 2019; 48:1463-1479. [PMID: 31123950 PMCID: PMC6597280 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sexual orientation is a multidimensional construct which is increasingly recognized as an important demographic characteristic in population health research. For this study, weighted Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were pooled across 47 jurisdictions biennially from 2005 to 2015, resulting in a national sample of 98 jurisdiction-years (344,815 students). Respondents were a median of 15.5 years, 49.9% male, and 48.8% White. Sexual identity and behavior trends from 2005 to 2015 were assessed with logistic regression analysis. Overall, 13.9% of females and 7.0% of males identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB), or not sure, while 9.1% of females and 4.2% of males indicated both same-and-different-sex behavior or same-sex behavior. In total, 17.0% of female and 8.5% of male youth reported non-heterosexual (LGB or not sure) sexual identity, same-sex sexual behavior, or both. LGB youth were approximately twice as likely as other youth to report lifetime sexual behavior. White and Asian youth were less likely to report non-heterosexual identity and/or have engaged in same-sex sexual behaviors than youth of other races/ethnicities. Prevalence of non-heterosexual identities increased over time for both sexes, but only female youth reported significantly more same-sex behavior over time. This is the first study to simultaneously assess adolescent sexual identity and behavior over time within a national dataset. These findings are critical for understanding the sexual health needs of adolescents and for informing sexual health policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian A Feinstein
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rachel Marro
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Morgan M Philbin
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Salamanca
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dylan Felt
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Jiang Y, Reilly-Chammat R, Cooper T, Viner-Brown S. Disparities in Health Risk Behaviors and Health Conditions Among Rhode Island Sexual Minority and Unsure High School Students. J Sch Health 2018; 88:803-812. [PMID: 30300929 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority students have higher risk for health-related behaviors. We examined 5 domains including 34 health risk behaviors and health conditions among sexual minorities and unsure students in Rhode Island. We also included sexual contact of heterosexually identified students to capture heterosexually identified students who may be considered sexual minorities by their behavior. METHODS We used the 2007-2015 Rhode Island Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (N = 14,264). We categorized students into 4 groups: students self-identified as heterosexual and reported no sexual contact with same sex only or both sexes (group 1); self-identified as heterosexual and reported sexual contact with same sex only or both sexes (group 2); self-identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual (group 3); and responded as unsure (group 4). We used multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations of sexual minority and unsure students with 34 health risk behaviors and health conditions accounting for complex sampling design. RESULTS Students in groups 2-4 were more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors including violent behaviors, attempted suicide, substance use, and no physical activity than their peers. CONCLUSIONS As sexual minority youth continue to report higher rates of health-related risk behaviors, targeted evidence-based prevention approaches must focus on reducing these risk behaviors among those youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Jiang
- Center for Health Data and Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Rosemary Reilly-Chammat
- Office of Student, Community and Academic Supports, Rhode Island Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 255 Westminster Street, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Tara Cooper
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Suite 407, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Samara Viner-Brown
- Center for Health Data and Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908
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Abstract
The link between youth homelessness and mental health functioning was examined using state population-representative 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data. The moderating role of victimization and perceived teacher support also was examined. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicated that homelessness was associated with greater mental health challenges, more victimization, and less teacher support. The association between homelessness and mental health was not moderated by perceived teacher support. However, victimization experiences served as a moderator such that more victimization exacerbated the effect of homelessness on mental health challenges. This study supports the utility of the YRBS for gaining understanding of the experiences and needs of youth experiencing homelessness and adds to the growing literature on predictors of individual differences in mental health functioning of these vulnerable youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Caitlyn R Owens
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mary E Haskett
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Terry A. The Impact of State Legislation and Model Policies on Bullying in Schools. J Sch Health 2018; 88:289-295. [PMID: 29498063 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the coverage of state legislation and the expansiveness ratings of state model policies on the state-level prevalence of bullying in schools. METHODS The state-level prevalence of bullying in schools was based on cross-sectional data from the 2013 High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Multiple regression was conducted to determine whether the coverage of state legislation and the expansiveness rating of a state model policy affected the state-level prevalence of bullying in schools. RESULTS The purpose and definition category of components in state legislation and the expansiveness rating of a state model policy were statistically significant predictors of the state-level prevalence of bullying in schools. The other 3 categories of components in state legislation-District Policy Development and Review, District Policy Components, and Additional Components-were not statistically significant predictors in the model. CONCLUSIONS Extensive coverage in the purpose and definition category of components in state legislation and a high expansiveness rating of a state model policy may be important in efforts to reduce bullying in schools. Improving these areas may reduce the state-level prevalence of bullying in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Terry
- College of Health and Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, HPA-I Room 220, Orlando, FL 32816-3680
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Hall M, Fullerton L, FitzGerald C, Green D. Suicide Risk and Resiliency Factors Among Hispanic Teens in New Mexico: Schools Can Make a Difference. J Sch Health 2018; 88:227-236. [PMID: 29399842 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth suicide is a serious public health problem in the United States. School environments, and the attention of school adults, are promising but minimally studied avenues for promoting mental health among students. METHODS The 2013 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey data were analyzed to identify ways in which the school environment influences suicide attempts in a sample of Hispanic students. Factors examined were: relationships with school adults, speaking a language other than English at home, being born outside the United States and not having enough to eat. Odds ratios were used to measure relationships. RESULTS Factors influencing suicide attempt were similar for boys and girls. The odds of suicide attempt declined by approximately one third as measures of positive relationships with school adults increased. Post-high school education plans also were protective. Being born outside the United States and not having enough to eat increased the odds of past-year suicide attempt. Speaking a language other than English at home was a weak risk factor for suicide attempt only among Hispanic girls. CONCLUSIONS Teachers and other school adults can decrease suicide risk for Hispanic teens by forming supportive relationships with students. Special consideration should be given to providing free breakfast in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryn Hall
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Lynne Fullerton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Courtney FitzGerald
- University of New Mexico Prevention Research Center, MSC11 6145, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Dan Green
- Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, 1190 St. Francis Dr. N1320, Santa Fe, NM 87502-6110
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Case KR, Cooper M, Creamer M, Mantey D, Kelder S. Victims of Bullying and Tobacco Use Behaviors in Adolescents: Differences Between Bullied at School, Electronically, or Both. J Sch Health 2016; 86:832-840. [PMID: 27714875 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a victim of bullying is associated with greater risk of youth substance use; however, research specifically examining whether tobacco use behaviors differ among adolescents who were bullied at school only, electronically only, or both at school and electronically is limited. METHODS We examined the associations between being a victim of bullying (at school only, electronically only, or both at school and electronically) and use of tobacco products using data from the 2013 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. RESULTS Girls who were bullied both at school and electronically reported the highest odds of all tobacco use behaviors (ever use of cigarettes, current use of cigarettes, and current use of any tobacco product) as compared with girls who were not bullied after adjusting for covariates. Conversely, for boys, only the association between being bullied electronically only and ever use of cigarettes remained significant after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate that electronic bullying may differentially influence the odds of tobacco use in high school students as compared with bullying that occurs at school only. Confirmation of these findings could inform interventions to reduce both bullying and tobacco use in high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Case
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Maria Cooper
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - MeLisa Creamer
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Dale Mantey
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
| | - Steven Kelder
- UTSPH Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701; Professor, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess bicycle helmet laws' effect on helmet and bicycle use among U.S. high school students in urban jurisdictions. METHODS Log-binomial models were fit to Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from five jurisdictions. Adjusted helmet and bicycle use proportions were calculated with post-regression marginal effects. Difference-in-differences were estimated, comparing intervention to concurrent controls. A placebo outcome was used to falsify possible confounding or selection effects. RESULTS In San Diego and Dallas, helmet use increase increased 10.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5 to 14.7, p < .001) and 8.1 (95% CI 4.3 to 12.0, p < .001) percentage points more than out-of-jurisdiction controls. Increases in Florida counties were 5.0 (95% CI 1.8 to 8.2, p = .003) and 4.0 (95% CI -.7 to 8.8, p = .098) points against age-based and out-of-jurisdiction controls, respectively. Bicycle use fell 5.5 points in both San Diego (95% CI -9.8 to -1.1, p = .015) and the Florida counties (95% CI -11.5 to .5, p = .075) against out-of-jurisdiction controls, but other comparisons had no significant changes. The placebo outcome never changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS Laws increased helmet use in all jurisdictions, with limited evidence of reduced cycling. Although sound health policy, laws should be coupled with physical activity promotion.
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21
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Veliz P, Boyd CJ, McCabe SE. Substance use among adolescent sexual minority athletes: A secondary analysis of the youth risk behavior survey. Addict Behav Rep 2016; 4:18-23. [PMID: 29511719 PMCID: PMC5835837 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims While a robust literature exists regarding substance use patterns among adolescent athletes, no studies have examined substance use among adolescent sexual minority athletes; a subpopulation of adolescents that may experience greater rates of substance use due to their marginalized status within the context of sport. Methods This study uses data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2009-2013). Adolescents (N = 26,940) from four states were included in the analyses that assessed past 30-day cigarette use, alcohol use, binge drinking and marijuana use among sexual minority athletes, heterosexual athletes, heterosexual non-athletes, and sexual minority non-athletes. Results Approximately 4% of the sample included athletes who identified as a sexual minority (3.7% males and 5.3% females). While the bivariate analyses found that sexual minority athletes had higher past 30-day prevalence rates of substance use when compared to heterosexual athletes and non-athletes, these rates were similar to sexual minority non-athletes. Moreover, when demographic characteristics and history of substance use were included in the multivariate analytic models, many of these differences were no longer statistically significant. These results were generally consistent for both males and females. Conclusions The results of the study suggest that the context of sport may not be an additional site for stress among adolescent athletes who identify as a sexual minority, and subsequently may have little impact on substance use behaviors. However, participating in sport may not serve as a protective context for adolescent sexual minorities given that substance use behaviors may be learned and reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Veliz
- Institute for Research on Women & Gender, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Carol J Boyd
- Institute for Research on Women & Gender, University of Michigan, United States.,Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States.,Health Behavior and Biological Sciences (HBBS), School of Nursing, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Institute for Research on Women & Gender, University of Michigan, United States
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22
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Runton NG, Hudak RP. The Influence of School-Based Health Centers on Adolescents' Youth Risk Behaviors. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30:e1-9. [PMID: 26298683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth risk behaviors that are developed during adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood, increasing chances of morbidity, mortality, and chronic health conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified six critical risk behaviors (unintentional injuries and violence, sexual behaviors leading to pregnancies and infections, alcohol and other drug use, tobacco use, poor dietary habits, and insufficient physical activities) and developed the Youth Risk Behavior Survey to monitor them. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate which health risk behaviors were affected by a new school-based health center (SBHC), using two urban school systems in the Mid-Atlantic region. METHOD The Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered at two schools in 2007 and 2011. Logistic regression was used to predict whether the dependent variables had changed based on the new SBHC. RESULTS Overall, the new SBHC did not have a significant effect on the student's risk behaviors. DISCUSSION Schools remain a critical part of adolescents' development, and access to SBHCs offers a safety net to students whose families may not have health insurance.
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Johnson ER, Weiler RM, Barnett TE, Pealer LN. Extreme Weight-Control Behaviors and Suicide Risk Among High School Students. J Sch Health 2016; 86:281-287. [PMID: 26930240 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the third leading cause of death for people ages 15-19. Research has established an association across numerous risk factors and suicide, including depression, substance abuse, bullying victimization, and feelings of alienation. However, the connection between disordered eating as manifested in extreme weight-control behaviors (EWCB), and suicidal thoughts, ideation, and attempts among adolescents is less understood. Given the prevalence of adolescent suicide, this investigation examined associations between EWCB and suicide risk among high school students. METHODS Data were collected from a convenience sample of 4178 students in grades 9-12 attending 5 public high schools using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire. Logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between EWCB and suicide controlling for grade level and race, reported separately by sex. RESULTS Students who reported seriously considering suicide had higher odds of exhibiting all 3 EWCBs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)(male) = 3.0 (confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 6.5); AOR(female) = 4.5 (CI: 2.5, 8.3)]. Moreover, students who reported they made plans about suicide were also more likely to exhibit all EWCBs [AOR(male) = 3.7 (CI: 1.7, 7.9); AOR(female) = 4.2 (CI: 2.3, 7.7)]. CONCLUSIONS EWCBs were significantly associated with suicide risk, furthering the evidence suggesting a link between disordered eating and suicide. Findings demonstrated the need for school health services that address disordered eating in the effort to reduce adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Johnson
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, PO Box 118210, 1864 Stadium Road, Suite 106K, Gainesville, FL 32611.
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22042.
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100175, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610.
| | - Lisa N Pealer
- Hassett Willis, 1100 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005.
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Chin YR, Choi K. Suicide Attempts and Associated Factors in Male and Female Korean Adolescents A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Community Ment Health J 2015; 51:862-6. [PMID: 25812547 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-015-9856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, this study seeks to investigate associations of suicide attempts with family, individual, and behavioral factors on the basis of gender. Among male adolescents, those who did not live with their parents, who had poor subjective academic achievement, depression, experiences of smoking and sexual coitus, drug abuse, suicidal ideation and plans were more likely to attempt suicide. Among the female adolescents, those who did not live with their parents, had depression, low self-rated health, experiences of drug abuse and sexual coitus, and expressed unhappiness, suicidal ideation and suicide plans were more likely to attempt suicide. Thus, the development of a suicide prevention program for Korean adolescents requires different approaches for males and females.
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25
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Gee KA. School-Based Body Mass Index Screening and Parental Notification in Late Adolescence: Evidence From Arkansas's Act 1220. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:270-6. [PMID: 26115907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2003, Arkansas enacted Act 1220, one of the first comprehensive legislative initiatives aimed at addressing childhood obesity. One important provision of Act 1220 mandated that all children attending public schools be screened for their body mass index (BMI) and the information sent home to their parents. Since then, eight other states have adopted similar school-based BMI screening and notification policies. Despite their widespread adoption and implementation, there is a dearth of empirical studies evaluating such policies, particularly for adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adolescents, who had been previously screened in early adolescence, experienced changes in their health outcomes if they continued to receive screening and reporting throughout late adolescence (11th and 12th grades). METHODS Secondary data from the Centers for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed using the method of difference-in-differences. Changes in outcomes between 10th and 12th grade were compared between a group of students who received screenings throughout 11th and 12th grades versus a later comparison group who were exempt from screening and reporting requirements in 11th and 12th grades. RESULTS BMI screening and parental notification during late adolescence, given prior screening and notification in early adolescence, was not significantly related to BMI-for-age z-scores, the probability of being in a lower weight classification or exercise and dietary intake behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Exposing 11th and 12th graders to BMI screening and reporting, given that they had been exposed in prior grades, was not associated with adolescents' health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Gee
- University of California, Davis, School of Education, Davis, California.
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26
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Duong J, Bradshaw C. Associations between bullying and engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority youth: the moderating role of connectedness. J Sch Health 2014; 84:636-645. [PMID: 25154527 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the extent to which cyberbullying affects sexual minority youth is limited. This study examined associations between experiencing cyber and school bullying and engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority youth. We also explored whether feeling connected to an adult at school moderated these associations. METHODS Data came from 951 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth, who completed the New York City Youth Risk Behavior Survey during fall 2009. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the hypothesized associations and test for effect modification. RESULTS Cyber and school bullying were associated with engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among LGB youth. Youth experiencing both cyber and school bullying had the greatest odds of engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors. However, feeling connected to an adult at school moderated these associations such that bullied youth who felt connected were not more likely to report aggressive and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the challenges faced by bullied LGB youth. Practitioners should work with school administrators to establish supportive environments for sexual minority youth. Helping victimized LGB youth develop meaningful connections with adults at school can minimize the negative impacts of cyber and school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Duong
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Room 886, Baltimore, MD 21205.
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Jones SE, Caraballo RS. Usual source of cigarettes and alcohol among US high school students. J Sch Health 2014; 84:493-501. [PMID: 25040117 PMCID: PMC4572694 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette and alcohol use are common among youth. We examined sources of cigarettes and alcohol among youth who were current cigarette and alcohol users. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2009 and 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys-biennial, school-based surveys of high school students in the United States. Students completed anonymous, self-administered questionnaires. Overall response rates were 71% for both years. RESULTS Among the 17.3% of current cigarette users <18 years, 27.3% usually gave someone else money to buy their cigarettes and 27.7% usually borrowed (bummed) them. Fewer (14.1%) usually bought their own cigarettes in a store. Among the 40.3% of current alcohol users, 24.3% usually gave someone else money to buy it and 41.2% usually had someone give it to them. A few (4.5%) usually bought their own alcohol in a store. Age and intensity of use were positively associated with students buying their own cigarettes or alcohol, but negatively associated with students borrowing or having someone else give it to them. CONCLUSIONS Because social and commercial sources of cigarettes and alcohol are common, multiple strategies are needed to reduce the ability for youth to obtain them and reduce their desire for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Everett Jones
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE,MS E75, Atlanta, GA30329
| | - Ralph S. Caraballo
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE,MS F79, Atlanta, GA30341
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