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Romm KF, Le D, Abroms LC, Berg CJ. Reactions to vaping cessation messaging and strategies among US young adults who use e-cigarettes. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-17. [PMID: 38606059 PMCID: PMC11007666 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/186271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite high rates of young adult e-cigarette use, research informing cessation interventions for this population, including those unready to quit, is limited. METHODS We analyzed 2022 cross-sectional survey data (from a larger longitudinal study) among 172 US young adult, past-month e-cigarette users (mean age=26.95 years; 57.6% female; 73.3% White). We examined: 1) perceived challenges to quitting e-cigarettes; 2) perceived impact of intervention messages targeting motivation and confidence, and their associations with quitting importance and confidence; and 3) poly-use with cigarettes and/or cannabis in relation to poly-product cessation preferences. RESULTS In all, 43.6% reported past-year e-cigarette quit attempts, and 55.3% reported quit readiness; 30.2% reported past-month poly-use with cigarettes, and 54.1% with cannabis. Frequently endorsed challenges to quitting/cutting down were related to stress/anxiety (41.9%), delaying cessation attempts (35.5%), and boredom (25.6%). Messages targeting motivation perceived as most impactful (scale: 1 = 'no impact at all' to 7 = 'a lot of impact') were related to saving money (mean score=4.78), improving health (mean score=4.15), and avoiding toxic chemicals (mean score=4.04), messages targeting confidence perceived as most impactful were related to patience (mean score=4.47), staying busy (mean score=4.27), and soliciting support (mean score=3.84). Perceiving greater impact of messages targeting motivation was associated with greater quitting importance (B=1.16; 95% CI: 0.71-1.60, p<0.001). Neither perceived impact of messages targeting motivation nor confidence were related to quitting confidence. E-cigarette-cannabis poly-users preferred to quit cigarettes first, e-cigarette-cigarette users preferred to quit cannabis first, and poly-users of all three products preferred to quit e-cigarettes first, followed by cigarettes, then cannabis. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette cessation interventions must use relevant messages (e.g. target financial and health benefits of quitting) and consider poly-users' preferences for quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Daisy Le
- Department of Policy, Populations, and Systems, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Lorien C Abroms
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, United States
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Varatharajan T, Patte KA, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Leatherdale ST. Exploring differences in substance use behaviours among gender minority and non-gender minority youth: a cross-sectional analysis of the COMPASS study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2024; 44:179-190. [PMID: 38597806 PMCID: PMC11097744 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in substance use behaviours among gender identity (GI) groups and identify associated risk and protective factors. METHODS Cross-sectional data from Canadian secondary school students (n = 42 107) that participated in Year 8 (2019/20) or Year 9 (2020/21) of the COMPASS study were used. Hierarchal logistic regression models estimated current substance use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, binge drinking, cannabis and nonmedical prescription opioids [NMPOs]). Predictor variables included sociodemographics, other substances, mental health outcomes, school connectedness, bullying and happy home life. Interaction terms were used to test mental health measures as moderators in the association between GI and substance use. RESULTS Compared to non-GMY, GMY reported a higher prevalence for all substance use outcomes. In the adjusted analyses, GMY had higher odds of cigarette, cannabis and NMPO use and lower odds for e-cigarette use relative to non-GMY. The likelihood of using any given substance was higher among individuals who were involved with other substances. School connectedness and happy home life had a protective effect for all substances except binge drinking. Bullying victimization was associated with greater odds of cigarette, e-cigarette use and NMPOs. Significant interactions between GI and all mental health measures were detected. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the importance of collecting a GI measure in youth population surveys and prioritizing GMY in substance use-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction programs. Future studies should investigate the effects of GI status on substance use onset and progression among Canadian adolescents over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thepikaa Varatharajan
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ying Jiang
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Smith CE, Mason TB, Kechter A, Monterosso JR, Tackett AP. Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Young Adult Cigarette and E- Cigarette Users. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1221-1227. [PMID: 38533542 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2330910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Tobacco use is elevated among individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Yet, further research is needed to understand associations between cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns and ED symptomatology. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of tobacco use and EDs, this study characterized ED symptomatology and tobacco use patterns, including exclusive cigarette use, e-cigarette use, dual use, and nonuse. Method: Young adults aged 18-24 years who self-reported exclusive cigarette, e-cigarette, dual, or nonuse (N = 2500) were recruited via Lucid, an online survey management company. Participants completed questionnaires assessing body dissatisfaction, global ED psychopathology, binge eating and self-induced vomiting frequency, and demographics. ED diagnostic groups included: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia spectrum eating disorders (BSED), atypical AN, and night eating syndrome (NES). Results: Multinomial logistic models revealed those with AN were more likely to be dual users, those with atypical AN were more likely to be exclusive e-cigarette users, and participants with a BSED or NES were more likely to be exclusive e-cigarette or dual users, compared to those without an ED. General linear models suggested body dissatisfaction and global ED psychopathology were higher among exclusive e-cigarette and dual users, while binge eating and self-induced vomiting frequencies were greater among all tobacco use groups compared to nonusers. Discussion: Our findings suggest young adults with ED symptomatology were more likely to be users of e-cigarettes exclusively or dual users. It will be necessary to examine how these associations manifest using longitudinal and clinical populations in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Afton Kechter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John R Monterosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Yan K, Feng Y, Liu Z, Shi W, Jiang Y, Liu J. Impulsivity Drives Adolescents to Smoke and Drink: Gender Differences in the Mediating Effects of Resilience and Depression. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231216894. [PMID: 37982432 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
High and rising rates of smoking and drinking among Chinese adolescents are contributing to increasingly serious physical and mental health issues. While impulsivity has been demonstrated to be significantly related to adolescent cigarette and alcohol use, little is known about the mechanisms behind this association. The current study focused on resilience and depressive symptoms as potential mediators of this link, exploring the indirect pathways connecting impulsivity to teenage tobacco and alcohol use. Possible gender differences in this indirect pathway were also explored. Participants were secondary school students from southern China (N = 3466; 49.2% were female; Mage = 14.18; SDage = 1.57). Results revealed that adolescents who were more impulsive used cigarettes and alcohol more frequently, and that this effect was partially mediated by lower resilience and more depressive symptoms. It is noteworthy that there were gender differences in this mediating effect, with the effect of impulsivity on cigarette use for girls being mediated by resilience and depressive symptoms, whereas this statistically significant association was not identified for boys. These findings show how adolescents' impulsivity drives them to smoke and drink, and also emphasize gender as a crucial consideration for intervening with adolescents' drinking and smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yubin Jiang
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Suchanecka A, Boroń A, Chmielowiec K, Strońska-Pluta A, Masiak J, Lachowicz M, Chmielowiec J, Grzywacz A. Association of the rs3864283 Polymorphism Located in the HINT1 Gene with Cigarette Use and Personality Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10244. [PMID: 37373392 PMCID: PMC10299401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the major reinforcing component of tobacco and it is believed that the pharmacological effects of nicotine motivate the initiation and maintenance of a smoking habit. HINT1 appears to play a role in the modulation of the effects of drug abuse. Hence, the aim of this study was the analysis of the association between the rs3864283 polymorphism of the HINT1 gene and cigarette use; the analysis of personality traits assessed by the means of the NEO-FFI Inventory; the analysis of anxiety measured by the STAI questionnaire; and the analysis of the interactions between the rs3864283 and both personality traits and anxiety. The study group consisted of 522 volunteers. Of these, 371 were cigarette users and 151 were never-smokers. The genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood using standard procedures. The results of both inventories, i.e., NEO-FFI and STAI., were reported as the sten scores. Genotyping was conducted with the real-time PCR method. Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of rs3864283 genotypes and alleles in the tested sample of Cigarette Users when compared to the control group. The Cigarette Users compared to the control group obtained higher scores in the assessment of NEO-FFI extraversion scale, and significantly lower results were obtained for the NEO-FFI openness scale, the agreeableness scale, and the conscientiousness scale. There was a statistically significant effect of rs3864283 genotype interaction and Cigarette Use or not using (control group) on the extraversion scale. There was also a statistically significant effect of Cigarette Users or the control group on the extraversion scale score. The results obtained in the presented study indicated a significant association between the HINT1 rs3864283 variant and smoking status. Moreover, this is the first study incorporating genetic association of above-mentioned polymorphic site with interaction analysis of personality traits and anxiety. Overall, the results of this study suggest that HINT1 is an important genetic component associated with nicotine usage mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Boroń
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Aleja Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Milena Lachowicz
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
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Schick MR, Williams JN, Kirk-Provencher KT, Cyders MA, Spillane NS. Application of the acquired preparedness model for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents. Psychol Addict Behav 2022; 36:955-964. [PMID: 34928639 PMCID: PMC9207148 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE North American Indigenous youth experience disproportionate harm associated with alcohol and cigarette use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM), developed and tested in primarily White samples, hypothesizes that urgency contributes to risk for substance use by influencing the degree to which adolescents attend to positive aspects of substance use, leading to the development of more positive expectations about the consequences of substance use, and increasing subsequent substance use. The purpose of the present study was to provide an initial test of whether the APM generalizes to understanding alcohol and cigarette use among high-risk First Nation adolescents. METHOD First Nation adolescents (n = 106, Mage = 14.6, 50.0% female) recruited from reserve communities in Eastern Canada completed self-report measures as part of a larger community-based participatory research project. Procedures were approved by tribal chief, council, and university IRB. RESULTS The hypothesized model demonstrated excellent fit for alcohol use, χ²(1) = 1.07, p = .30, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .02, and adequate fit for cigarette use, χ²(1) = 2.58, p = .11, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.03. The indirect effects of urgency on alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking through alcohol and cigarette expectancies were each significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study provide initial support for the generalizability of the APM in understanding risk for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling First Nation youth. The next important step is to replicate this finding in a prospective sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Schick
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Jessica N. Williams
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
| | | | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nichea S. Spillane
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
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Khurana A, Loan CM, Romer D. Predicting cigarette use initiation and dependence in adolescence using an affect-driven exploration model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:887021. [PMID: 36132193 PMCID: PMC9484548 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent decisions, especially in novel contexts, are often guided by affective evaluations (i.e., feelings associated with a stimulus) rather than knowledge of the risks and probabilities of different outcomes. In this study, we used the affect-driven exploration (ADE) model to illustrate how affective evaluations can play a critical role in driving early use of cigarettes, as well as the adaptive function of the resulting experiential learning in informing future affect and cigarette use. We analyzed five waves of data collected from a large, diverse community sample of adolescents who were followed from early to late adolescence (N = 386; 50.9% female; Baseline age = 11.41 ± 0.88 years) during years 2004-2010 to model trajectories of positive affect and risk perceptions (associated with cigarette use) and examined the associations of these trajectories with their self-reported cigarette use and dependence symptoms. Consistent with the ADE model, early initiators reported higher levels of positive affect at baseline, which we argue may have led them to try cigarettes. Notably, most early initiators reported a decline in positive affect over time, suggesting an experience-based shift in affective evaluations associated with cigarette use. Risk perceptions associated with cigarette use did not emerge as a significant predictor of cigarette use or subsequent dependence. Therefore, for deterring adolescent cigarette use, efforts to influence affect (through graphic warning labels and other media) may be more effective than directly influencing risk perceptions. Despite the affective basis for initiating cigarette use, few adolescents engaged in early use (N = 20) or developed symptoms of dependence (N = 25). Majority of those who engaged in early cigarette use showed a decline in positive affect, with corresponding increase in risk perceptions over time. Some early users may indeed continue to engage in cigarette use, but this is likely driven by the addictive properties of the drug. Overall these findings challenge the popular stereotype of impulsive and emotionally reactive behaviors during adolescence, and suggest a more nuanced interpretation of adolescent risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Khurana
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Christopher M. Loan
- Department of Educational Methodology, Policy and Leadership, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Dan Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Miggins JJ, Reul RM, Loor G, Ferreira LD, Garcha PS, Goss JA, Rana AA. Trends in marginal lung allograft survival: advanced-age donors improve. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14777. [PMID: 35822915 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although lung demand continues to outpace supply, 75% of potential donor lungs are discarded without being transplanted in the United States. To identify the discarded cohorts best suited to alleviate the lung shortage and reduce waitlist mortality, we explored changes in survival over time for five marginal donor definitions: age >60 years, smoking history >20 pack-years, PaO2/FiO2 <300mmHg, purulent bronchoscopic secretions, and chest radiograph infiltrates. METHODS Our retrospective cohort study separated 27,803 lung recipients in the UNOS Database into three 5-year eras by transplant date: 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test were used to compare survival across the eras. RESULTS Three definitions-low PaO 2/FiO 2, purulent bronchoscopic secretions, and abnormal chest radiographs-did not bear out as truly marginal, demonstrating lack of significantly elevated risk. Advanced donor age demonstrated considerable survival improvement (HR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.26-1.72) in 2005-2009 down to 1.14 (0.97-1.35) for 2015-2019), with protective factors being recipients <60 years, moderate recipient BMI, and low Lung Allocation Score. Donors with smoking history failed to demonstrate any significant improvement (HR (95% CI): 1.09 (1.01-1.17) in 2005-2009 increasing to 1.22 (1.08-1.38) in 2015-2019). CONCLUSIONS Advanced donor age, previously the most significant risk factor, has improved to near- benchmark levels, demonstrating the possibility for matching older donors to healthier non-elderly recipients in selected circumstances. Low PaO 2/FiO 2, bronchoscopic secretions, and abnormal radiographs demonstrated survival on par with standard donors. Significant donor smoking history, a moderate risk factor, has failed to improve. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John James Miggins
- Office of Student Affairs, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ross Michael Reul
- Office of Student Affairs, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel Loor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liam D Ferreira
- Office of Student Affairs, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Puneet S Garcha
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John A Goss
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abbas A Rana
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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McIntire RK, Lewis E, Zeigler-Johnson C, Shusted C, Barta J, Juon HS, Keith SW, Klein G. Estimating Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening by Neighborhood in Philadelphia Using Previous and Current USPSTF Guidelines. Popul Health Manag 2022; 25:254-263. [PMID: 35442796 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Lung Screening Trial established the benefits of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening (LCS) to identify lung cancer at earlier stages. In February 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) revised the eligibility recommendations to increase the number of high-risk individuals eligible for LCS and, in effect, expand screening eligibility for vulnerable populations. One strategy for facilitating LCS is to implement targeted screening in geographic areas with the greatest need. In Philadelphia, although neighborhood smoking rates have been defined, it is not known which neighborhoods have the greatest number of people eligible for LCS. In this study, the authors estimate eligibility for LCS within Philadelphia neighborhoods using both previous and current USPSTF guidelines. They used the Public Health Management Corporation's Household Health Survey from 2010, 2012, and 2015 to identify the number of people within ever-smoker groups (current every day, current occasional, and former smokers) by neighborhood in Philadelphia. Using the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Supplement, they identified the percentages within ever-smoker groups that were LCS eligible using the previous and current USPSTF guidelines. Finally, they applied the percentages eligible for the ever-smoker groups from the NHIS to the numbers in these groups within Philadelphia neighborhoods. They found that the number of Philadelphians eligible for LCS increased from 41,946 to 89,231 after the revised USPSTF guidelines. The current USPSTF guidelines increased eligibility for LCS within all Philadelphia neighborhoods, with the greatest increases in the River Wards planning district. Local providers should use these results to prioritize LCS services within neighborhoods with greatest eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K McIntire
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eleanor Lewis
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine Shusted
- The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute at Thomas Jefferson University and Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie Barta
- The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott W Keith
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Klein
- Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pesko MF, Warman C. Re-exploring the early relationship between teenage cigarette and e- cigarette use using price and tax changes. Health Econ 2022; 31:137-153. [PMID: 34672061 PMCID: PMC9467387 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, the Surgeon General used longitudinal cohort studies to conclude that youth e-cigarette use is strongly associated with cigarette use. We re-evaluate data from the period of time before the writing of the Surgeon General report, using quasi-experimental methods, and reach the opposite conclusion. We study contemporaneous and intertemporal effects of e-cigarette and cigarette price and tax changes. Our price variation comes from 35,000 retailers participating in the Nielsen Retail Scanner data system. We match price and tax variation to survey data on current use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes for over 94,000 students between grades 6 and 12 in the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) for years 2011-2015. We find evidence that e-cigarettes and cigarettes are same-period economic substitutes. Coefficient estimates (while imprecisely estimated) also suggest potentially large positive effects of past e-cigarette prices on current cigarette use, indicating intertemporal economic substitution. Our findings raise doubts about the conclusion of government-sponsored reports that e-cigarettes and cigarettes are strongly positively associated. We recommend revisiting and possibly amending this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Pesko
- Corresponding author. Department of Economics, Georgia State University, 55 Park Place Suite 657, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. Phone: +1-404-413-0228.
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Loan CM, Khurana A, Wright J, Romer D. Selection versus socialization effects of peer norms on adolescent cigarette use. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211066005. [PMID: 34924778 PMCID: PMC8679053 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211066005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent smokers tend to have friends who also smoke. This association has been
attributed to peer socialization and peer selection effects. However, evidence
regarding timing and relative magnitude of these effects is mixed. Using a
random-intercept cross-lagged panel model, we examined the reciprocal relations
between adolescent cigarette use and perceptions of friends’ cigarette use in a
sample of 387 adolescents, assessed annually for 4 years. Adolescent cigarette
use predicted increases in perceived friend use before the reverse effect
emerged. Further, some of the effect of early adolescent cigarette use on
subsequent use was mediated by changes in perceived friend use. The results
support a greater role for friend selection than socialization in predicting
early adolescent cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Loan
- Department of Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Atika Khurana
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Joanna Wright
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Pérez A, Kuk AE, Bluestein MA, Sia HMS, Chen B. Age of Initiation of Dual Tobacco Use and Binge Drinking among Youth (12-17 Years Old): Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12985. [PMID: 34948595 PMCID: PMC8701105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Earlier exposure to binge drinking and tobacco use is associated with higher odds of substance use disorders. Using national youth data from the PATH study, we prospectively estimate the age of initiating past 30-day use of (1) cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and binge drinking, and (2) cigarettes, cigarillos, and binge drinking. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate differences in the age of initiation by sex, race/ethnicity, and previous use of other tobacco products. By age 21, 4.4% (95% CI: 3.7-5.2) and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.2-2.8) of youth reported initiation of past 30-day use outcomes (1) and (2), respectively. After controlling for sex and previous use of other tobacco products, statistically significant differences in the age of initiation by race/ethnicity were found for each outcome: Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black youth were less likely than non-Hispanic White youth to initiate past 30-day use of both outcomes (1) and (2) at earlier ages. Although the initiation of both outcomes remained relatively low by age 21, these incidences represent 1.56 million and 700,000 youth, respectively. This study provides the public with evidence to identify the particular ages at which education campaigns may be most effective to prevent youth from initiating these three substances. Further research is needed to estimate the age of initiation of other dual tobacco use patterns with binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA;
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA; (A.E.K.); (M.A.B.); (H.M.S.S.)
| | - Arnold E. Kuk
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA; (A.E.K.); (M.A.B.); (H.M.S.S.)
| | - Meagan A. Bluestein
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA; (A.E.K.); (M.A.B.); (H.M.S.S.)
| | - Hui Min Shirlyn Sia
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA; (A.E.K.); (M.A.B.); (H.M.S.S.)
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA;
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA; (A.E.K.); (M.A.B.); (H.M.S.S.)
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13
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Keltner CH, Kao TC, Ahmed A, Mancuso JD. E-cigarette and dual product use as an emerging health threat to the US military. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:43. [PMID: 34141958 PMCID: PMC8176862 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/135516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette and e-cigarette use are threats to the health and readiness of the US military. The study objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use among active duty service members (SMs). METHODS We used data from the 2015 Health Related Behaviors Survey—a crosssectional survey weighted to represent the US military (n=16699). Weighted prevalence and odds ratios assessed associations between risk factors and e-cigarette/cigarette use via weighted multinomial logistic models. RESULTS The prevalence of cigarette use in the US military declined from 24% in 2011 to 13.8% in 2015. However, e-cigarette use (12.4%) and dual product use (4.7%) increased during this period. Additionally, prevalence of e-cigarette use was higher in the military compared to the general population (12.4% vs 3.5%), particularly among those aged 17–24 years (22.8% vs 5.2%); cigarette use was also higher in the military in this age group (19.3% vs 13.0%). After adjustment, SMs who were enlisted, lacked a Bachelor’s degree, and/or had probable alcohol use disorder had significantly greater odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use. While SMs aged 17–24 years had the highest prevalence of all types of product use, only being aged ≥45 years was significantly associated with decreased odds of product use in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Military efforts to control cigarette use among SMs seem to have been successful, as demonstrated by the dramatic declines in its use and the lower prevalence seen in the military compared to the general population. However, the concurrent increases in e-cigarette use are concerning, particularly among the youngest members of the military. The US military must continue to monitor emerging trends in e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use and rapidly take steps to address them as threats to health and readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Case H Keltner
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Tzu-Cheg Kao
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - James D Mancuso
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
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14
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Kuhns L, Kroon E, Filbey F, Cousijn J. Unraveling the role of cigarette use in neural cannabis cue reactivity in heavy cannabis users. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12941. [PMID: 32761688 PMCID: PMC7862430 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cue reactivity is an important biomarker of cannabis use disorder (CUD). Despite high rates of cigarette and cannabis co‐use, its role in cannabis cue reactivity remains unclear. Using a visual functional magnetic resonance imaging cue reactivity paradigm, we investigated interactive effects of cannabis and cigarette use on cannabis cue relative to cigarette and neutral cue reactivity in a priori regions of interest—the amygdala, striatum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and orbitofrontal cortex—and a whole‐brain analysis. In our sample of cannabis users and controls closely matched on cigarette use, significant interactions between cannabis and cigarette use status emerged in the amygdala, striatum, ACC, frontal pole, and inferior frontal gyrus. Cannabis‐only users showed heightened cue reactivity in the amygdala compared with nonusing controls. Co‐users did not show heightened cue reactivity compared with cigarette smoking controls, although cue‐induced VTA activity was positively correlated with grams per week of cannabis. Cigarette smoking controls showed unexpectedly heightened cue reactivity compared to co‐users and nonsmoking controls. These findings and the high prevalence of cannabis and cigarette co‐use underscore the importance of considering cigarette smoking status when investigating the role of cue reactivity in heavy cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kuhns
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Emese Kroon
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Dallas TX USA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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15
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Ali FRM, Dave D, Colman G, Wang X, Saffer H, Marynak K, Dench D, Grossman M. Association of e-cigarette advertising with e-cigarette and cigarette use among US adults. Addiction 2021; 116:1212-1223. [PMID: 33271632 PMCID: PMC8434873 DOI: 10.1111/add.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the association of e-cigarette advertisement exposure with e-cigarette and cigarette use behavior among US adults. DESIGN Data from the 2013-14 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS) were linked to Kantar Media and National Consumer Study data to construct measures of e-cigarette advertisements on TV and in magazines. The relationship between advertisement measures and outcomes was estimated using logistic and Poisson regressions, controlling for socio-demographics, state cigarette taxes and state and year fixed-effects. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS/CASES A total of 98 746 adults aged ≥ 18 years who responded to the 2013-14 NATS. MEASUREMENTS The independent variables of interest were the number of e-cigarette advertisements in magazines to which an adult was exposed in the past 6 months and the number of e-cigarette advertisements on TV to which an adult was exposed in the past 6 months. Outcomes were awareness of e-cigarettes, ever e-cigarette use, current e-cigarette use, current cigarette use and number of cigarettes smoked per month. FINDINGS Exposure to one additional e-cigarette advertisement on TV was associated with a 0.18, 0.13 and 0.03 percentage point increase, respectively, in awareness, ever use and current use of e-cigarettes among all adults (P < 0.05). This exposure also was associated with a 0.11 percentage point increase in current cigarette use among all adults and an increase in cigarette consumption of 2.24 cigarettes per month among adults aged ≥ 45 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to e-cigarette advertising appears to be positively associated with the use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adults of all ages, and with increased cigarette consumption among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Romeh M. Ali
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dhaval Dave
- Bentley University, National Bureau of Economic Research, and Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). Waltham, MA
| | - Gregory Colman
- Pace University and National Bureau of Economic Research. New York, NY
| | - Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Henry Saffer
- National Bureau of Economic Research. New York, NY
| | - Kristy Marynak
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daniel Dench
- Ph.D. Program in Economics, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Grossman
- City University of New York Graduate Center, National Bureau of Economic Research, and Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). New York, NY
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16
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Wu S, Yoder G, Lee NY, Yan S, Wolfersteig W. Racial Disparities in School Lunch Program Participation and Cigarette Use: Evidence from Arizona Youth Survey Data. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1516-1526. [PMID: 34196571 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1942051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cigarette and other tobacco product use among youth has become a serious public health issue in the United States. Thus, it is important to understand the social and contextural factors of cigarette use, especially for the young population. This study explores the relationship between participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and youth cigarettes use. Further, this study examines how this relationship differs across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: The 2016 Arizona Youth Survey (n = 34,373) data and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between NSLP participation (free and reduced-cost) and youth cigarette use, both lifetime and past 30-day smoking behaviors. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to test the racial disparities in NSLP participation and cigarette use. Results: Results showed that free lunch participation was associated with significantly higher odds of youth cigarette use, both lifetime (OR = 1.25; p < .001) and in the past 30-days (OR = 1.14; p < .05). However, reduced-cost lunch participation was associated with significantly higher odds only for lifetime cigarette use (OR = 1.20; p < .01). Subgroup analyses revealed differences across the six racial/ethnic groups. White and Latinx youth showed a significant relationship between NSLP participation and lifetime cigarette smoking, whereas only Latinx youth showed a significant relationship between NSLP participation and past 30-day smoking. Implications: The findings suggest that intervention approaches to smoking cessation and prevention should be tailored to different racial/ethnic groups to account for their differences. Given the findings that youth (especially Latinxs) who participate in free and reduced-cost lunch programs are at a higher risk of using cigarettes than youth who do not, this study suggests that health intervention programs can enhance their reach and effectiveness by building partnerships with schools with sizable NSLP programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Wu
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Grant Yoder
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Na Youn Lee
- Department of Social Work, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shi Yan
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Wendy Wolfersteig
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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17
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Purcell JB, Orihuela CA, Elliott MN, Tortolero Emery S, Schuster MA, Mrug S. Examining Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Co-use of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Cigarettes in a Community Sample of Adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 56:101-110. [PMID: 33164639 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1843056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although adolescents often co-use alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis, little is known about sex and racial/ethnic differences in the co-use of these substances. Therefore, this investigation examined sex and racial/ethnic differences in alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis co-use in a large and ethnically diverse group. Methods: Participants were drawn from a large, multi-site study of adolescents from three regions in the United States (N = 4,129; Mage=16.10 years, SD = 0.59; 51% female, 49% male; 37% Black, 37% Hispanic, 25% White). Participants were categorized into eight mutually exclusive groups based on their self-reported use of alcohol, cannabis, and cigarettes in the last 30 days. Results: Unadjusted multinomial logistic regression revealed that males were more likely than females to use cannabis-only and to co-use all three substances. Additionally, Black and Hispanic adolescents were more likely to use cannabis-only, while White adolescents were more likely than Black and Hispanic adolescents to co-use alcohol and cigarettes. After adjusting for other sociodemographic variables (age, household income, parental education, and parent marital status), males were more likely to use cannabis-only than females; White youth were more likely than Hispanic youth to use cigarettes only and co-use cigarettes and alcohol. White youth were more likely than Black youth to co-use alcohol and cigarettes and co-use all three substances. Discussion: These results indicate sex and racial/ethnic differences in substance co-use that were not explained by socioeconomic factors. Results of this work suggest potential strategies for targeted prevention efforts and underscore the importance of continued efforts to better understand patterns of alcohol and substance co-use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark A Schuster
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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18
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Jackson I, Osaghae I, Etuk A, Jackson N. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Electronic Cigarette Use Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016-2018. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 10:588-598. [PMID: 32996800 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study describes the prevalence trends of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in young adult cancer survivors and compares these to the prevalence among young adults without a cancer history. It also examines the association between conventional cigarette use, binge drinking, depression, and other sociodemographic factors, and e-cigarette use in young adult cancer survivors. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses, using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016-2018, were done. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between conventional cigarette use, binge drinking, and depression as well as other factors associated with e-cigarette use in young adult cancer survivors. Results: Lifetime e-cigarette use increased from 40.1% in 2016 to 47.4% in 2018. Former smokers were 5.47 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.48-8.61) more likely to be lifetime e-cigarette users and 1.9 times (95% CI: 1.12-3.23) more likely to be current e-cigarette users compared to never smokers. Current smokers were over sixteen folds more likely (adjusted odds ratio: 16.50, 95% CI: 11.59-23.57) to be lifetime e-cigarette users and 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.24-3.57) more likely to be current e-cigarette users relative to never smokers. Furthermore, binge drinking and depression were associated with higher odds of lifetime e-cigarette use, while increasing age was associated with lower odds of e-cigarette use. Compared to females, males were significantly more likely to be current users of e-cigarettes relative to former users. Conclusion: Conventional cigarette use, binge drinking, depression, age, and gender were found to be associated with e-cigarette use among young adult cancer survivors. Policies targeted at e-cigarette control among young adult cancer survivors need to be multipronged, simultaneously addressing other harmful practices such as binge drinking and the use of conventional cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inimfon Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ikponmwosa Osaghae
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aniekeme Etuk
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nsikak Jackson
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Gautam P, Bhatta D, Sharma E, Rahman A, Dawit R, Li W, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Acharya Gautam S, Li T, Maziak W. Influence of Tobacco Marketing on Nepalese Adolescents: Cigarette Use and Susceptibility to Cigarette Use. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2689-2695. [PMID: 32986370 PMCID: PMC7779454 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) are common tactics of the tobacco industry to encourage adolescents to use tobacco products. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the influence of TAPS on cigarette use and susceptibility to cigarette use among Nepalese adolescents. Materials and Methods: Data (n=2,878) were drawn from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey for Nepal (GYTS, 2011). Channel-specific and cumulative TAPS exposure were the primary exposures of the study. Six multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine current and ever cigarette use outcome with exposure to TAPS. Six binary logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the susceptibility to cigarette use when exposed to TAPS. Results: Channel-specific TAPS analyses show that indirect TAPS increases the odds of all the three outcomes; current cigarette use (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.10-2.58), ever cigarette use (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.23-2.65) and susceptibility to cigarette use (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.25-2.19) after adjusting for the covariates. Television (TV) and movies exposure decreases the odds of susceptibility to cigarette use (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.31-0.97). Cumulative TAPS analyses show that exposure to 5 sources of TAPS increases the odds of current cigarette use (OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.21-5.29). Being male increases the odds of all the three outcomes; current (OR=3.52, 95% CI=2.11-5.87), ever (OR=2.51, 95% CI=1.69-3.73) and susceptibility to cigarette use (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.01-1.69). Social influence is likely to increase current (OR=6.47, 95% CI=2.50-16.74), ever (OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.10-2.93) and susceptibility to cigarette use (OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.25-2.21). Conclusion: Indirect TAPS exposure increased the current, ever, and susceptibility to cigarette use among Nepalese adolescents. Overall, the current use of cigarettes followed a dose-response relationship with TAPS exposure. The result implies a requirement of active surveillance of tobacco products and future research on adolescent-focused tobacco marketing in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Gautam
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, USA
| | - Dharma Bhatta
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Global Cancer Program, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva Sharma
- Westat, 1600 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Abir Rahman
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, USA
| | - Rahel Dawit
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, USA
| | | | | | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Ace Institute of Management, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
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20
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Ho CY, Lin SH, Tsai MC, Yu T, Strong C. Impact of Cumulative Unhealthy Sleep Practices in Adolescence on Substance Use in Young Adulthood Estimated Using Marginal Structural Modeling. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:339. [PMID: 32327972 PMCID: PMC7161593 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of chronic, unhealthy sleep practices in adolescence on substance use in young adulthood. Unhealthy sleep practices in adolescent samples exhibit a bidirectional relationship with substance use. The relationship is further complicated if we consider that confounders such as depression vary over time and are often in response to adolescents’ prior poor sleep practice, which can be addressed by a counterfactual approach using a marginal structural model. Methods Data in this study are from the Taiwan Youth Project, a longitudinal study that started in 2000 and surveyed 2,690 7th grade students at age 13. Outcomes include frequency of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking at age 21. Three unhealthy sleep practices were included in this study: short sleep, social jetlag, and sleep disturbance. We used a marginal structural model with stabilized inverse probability-of-treatment weights to address time-varying confounders in each wave and a total sample of 1,678 adolescents with complete information for this study. Results Accumulated waves of sleep disturbance and social jetlag in adolescence were significantly associated with cigarette use in young adulthood. Accumulated social jetlag but not sleep disturbance was also associated with alcohol use in adulthood. Accumulated waves of short sleep were not associated with later alcohol use, but were negatively correlated with cigarette use. Conclusion Interventions that aim to reduce the likelihood of substance use in young adulthood should consider confronting unhealthy sleep practices, in particular the discrepancy between bedtimes on school days and weekends and sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Ho
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Yu
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
Research on the behavioral health of military spouses/partners is essential, yet lacking. Data on 344 civilian spouses were drawn from a study of U.S. Army Reserve/National Guard soldier couples. This project characterizes civilian spouses' behavioral health symptoms. Regression analyses assessed the relationship between substance use and mental health symptoms. Overall, findings indicate civilian spouses had behavioral health impairments. Mental health, alcohol use, and tobacco use did not differ by soldiers' deployment history; illicit drug use and non-medical use of prescription drugs did at trend level. Support initiatives focusing on all military spouses, not just those of deployed soldiers, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kulak
- University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Family Medicine, Buffalo, New York.,Buffalo State College - The State University of New York, Health, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jennifer Fillo
- University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, New York
| | - D Lynn Homish
- University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Community Health and Health Behavior, Buffalo, New York
| | - Linda Kahn
- University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Family Medicine, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gregory G Homish
- University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Community Health and Health Behavior, Buffalo, New York
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22
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de Saxe Zerden L, Wu S, Wu Q, Fraser M. Welfare Participation in Childhood as a Predictor of Cigarette Use in Adulthood in the United States. J Soc Social Work Res 2019; 10:371-396. [PMID: 33312436 PMCID: PMC7731612 DOI: 10.1086/703542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is widely acknowledged as a high-risk behavior associated with poor physical health outcomes. We use Add Health Wave I and Wave IV data (N = 15,701) to explore whether childhood welfare participation predicts smoking behaviors in adulthood. METHOD We conducted propensity score matching and dosage analysis of welfare participation to explore whether childhood welfare participation had different effects on smoking behaviors in adulthood. We used 3 approaches for dealing with the survey weight and propensity score weights for post-matching regression analyses. RESULTS Adults who as children lived in families that participated in welfare programs were more likely to smoke when compared to young adults whose families did not participate in welfare programs. Being from a smoking household, having smoked before adulthood, having peer smokers, and race/ethnicity increased the risk for smoking. Protective factors associated with decreased smoking behaviors included being female, higher parental education, and being older. CONCLUSIONS Risk related to cigarette use in adulthood varies based on welfare dosage in childhood. The development and implementation of interventions specific to subpopulations among welfare recipient families may make programs more effective.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence supports a hypothesis that cigarettes may be used to cope with mental illness. Little research, however, addresses how race/ethnicity is linked to mental health and cigarette use. OBJECTIVES This study applied the self-medication hypothesis. It asked whether mental status was associated, via health-care access/utilization, with the cigarette use outcomes of four racial/ethnic groups. It also tested whether race/ethnicity moderated any such associations. METHODS We used nationally representative data from the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to link cigarette use to mental status and health-care access/utilization. The final sample included 3827 White respondents, 1635 African-American respondents, 1144 Mexican-American respondents, and 781 Hispanic American (other than Mexican-American) respondents. RESULTS Consistent with earlier research and the self-medication hypothesis, we observed a positive relationship between cigarette use and mental status. Associations of cigarette use and health-care access/utilization sometimes failed to take expected directions. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from the findings that race/ethnicity's moderating role in associations between cigarette use and health-care access was generally more advantageous to Whites than other groups examined. Where treatment is delayed by lack of access to, or lack of trust in, care providers, mental health may worsen-and it is often minority Americans who lack access and trust. If minority Americans' health is to improve, shrinking racial health disparities, then access to adequate health care must be available to them, facilitating prompt treatment of mental and other illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia C Lo
- a Department of Sociology and Social Work , Texas Woman's University , Denton , Texas , USA
| | - Fan Yang
- b Doctoral Student, School of Social Work , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama , USA
| | - William Ash-Houchen
- c Doctoral Student, Department of Sociology and Social Work , Texas Woman's University , Denton , Texas , USA
| | - Tyrone C Cheng
- d Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy , Montclair State University , Montclair , New Jersey , USA
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Parks MJ, Kingsbury JH, Boyle RG, Evered S. Household Implementation of Smoke-Free Rules in Homes and Cars: A Focus on Adolescent Smoking Behavior and Secondhand Smoke Exposure. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:70-78. [PMID: 29768925 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118776901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study addresses the dearth of population-based research on how comprehensive household smoke-free rules (ie, in the home and car) relate to tobacco use and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among adolescents. DESIGN Analysis of 2014 Minnesota Youth Tobacco Survey. SETTING Representative sample of Minnesota youth. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1287 youth who lived with a smoker. MEASURES Measures included household smoke-free rules (no rules, partial rules-home or car, but not both-and comprehensive rules), lifetime and 30-day cigarette use, 30-day cigarette and other product use, and SHS exposure in past 7 days in home and car. ANALYSIS Weighted multivariate logistic, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial regressions were used. RESULTS Compared to comprehensive rules, partial and no smoke-free rules were significantly and positively related to lifetime cigarette use (respectively, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-2.61; AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.93-4.25), and a similar significant pattern was found for 30-day cigarette use (respectively, AOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.21-4.02; AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.34-4.50). No smoke-free rules significantly predicted using cigarettes and other tobacco products compared to comprehensive rules. In both descriptive and regression analyses, we found SHS exposure rates in both the home and car were significantly lower among youth whose household implemented comprehensive smoke-free rules. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive smoke-free rules protect youth from the harms of caregiver tobacco use. Relative to both partial and no smoke-free rules, comprehensive smoke-free rules have a marked impact on tobacco use and SHS exposure among youth who live with a smoker. Health promotion efforts should promote comprehensive smoke-free rules among all households and particularly households with children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Parks
- 1 Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,2 Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Division, Minnesota Department of Health, MN, USA
| | - John H Kingsbury
- 3 Office of Statewide Health Improvement Initiative, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Raymond G Boyle
- 4 Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, Office of the President, University of California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sharrilyn Evered
- 5 Center for Health Statistics, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Drescher CF, Lopez EJ, Griffin JA, Toomey TM, Eldridge ED, Stepleman LM. Mental Health Correlates of Cigarette Use in LGBT Individuals in the Southeastern United States. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:891-900. [PMID: 29303396 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1418087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking prevalence for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals is higher than for heterosexual, cisgender individuals. Elevated smoking rates have been linked to psychiatric comorbidities, substance use, poverty, low education levels, and stress. OBJECTIVES This study examined mental health (MH) correlates of cigarette use in LGBT individuals residing in a metropolitan area in the southeastern United States. METHODS Participants were 335 individuals from an LGBT health needs assessment (mean age 34.7; SD = 13.5; 63% gay/lesbian; 66% Caucasian; 81% cisgender). Demographics, current/past psychiatric diagnoses, number of poor MH days in the last 30, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 2 depression screener, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, and frequency of cigarette use were included. Analyses included bivariate correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression. RESULTS Multiple demographic and MH factors were associated with smoker status and frequency of smoking. A logistic regression indicated that lower education and bipolar disorder were most strongly associated with being a smoker. For smokers, a hierarchical regression model including demographic and MH variables accounted for 17.6% of the variance in frequency of cigarette use. Only education, bipolar disorder, and the number of poor MH days were significant contributors in the overall model. Conclusions/Importance: Less education, bipolar disorder, and recurrent poor MH increase LGBT vulnerability to cigarette use. Access to LGBT-competent MH providers who can address culturally specific factors in tobacco cessation is crucial to reducing this health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Drescher
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Eliot J Lopez
- b Department of Psychiatry , The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - James A Griffin
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Thomas M Toomey
- c Educational Innovation Institute , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Elizabeth D Eldridge
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Lara M Stepleman
- a Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA.,c Educational Innovation Institute , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
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Bougie E, Kohen DE. Smoking correlates among Inuit men and women in Inuit Nunangat. Health Rep 2018; 29:3-10. [PMID: 29561564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rates of daily smoking among Inuit have been decreasing since 1991, Inuit are still much more likely to smoke relative to the Canadian population as a whole. However, little population-based empirical research has identified characteristics associated with cigarette use among this population. DATA AND METHODS Based on data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, sex-specific logistic regression analyses, informed by an Inuit social determinants of health framework, described associations between current smoking and selected socio-demographic characteristics among Inuit men and women aged 18 or older who resided in Inuit Nunangat. RESULTS In 2012, 75% of Inuit men and 74% of Inuit women reported that they smoked cigarettes either daily or occasionally. Inuit men and women had lower odds of smoking if they were high school graduates. Among Inuit men, the odds of smoking were lower for those in higher-income households. Among Inuit women, the odds of smoking were lower for those who had postsecondary education or lived in food-secure households; odds were higher for women who had attended a residential school. Inuit of both sexes had significantly higher odds of smoking if they lived in crowded conditions or in homes where a regular smoker was present. DISCUSSION Some correlates of smoking among Inuit in Inuit Nunangat appear to be sex-specific. Findings from this study identify some of the protective and risk factors for smoking among this population and can help inform smoking prevention and cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Bougie
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Dafna E Kohen
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Fosco GM, Feinberg ME. Interparental conflict and long-term adolescent substance use trajectories: The role of adolescent threat appraisals. J Fam Psychol 2018; 32:175-185. [PMID: 29658755 PMCID: PMC5905710 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although interparental conflict (IPC) has been linked directly and indirectly (via adolescents' appraisals) with a wide range of adolescent outcomes, little is known about the implications of IPC and related adolescent threat appraisals for substance use. Drawing on the cognitive-contextual framework, we test competing hypotheses about how IPC may impact adolescent substance use outcomes, specifically testing whether (a) threat appraisals are directly related to escalation in alcohol and tobacco use over adolescence, or (b) threat appraisals are indirectly associated with substance use through their impact on adolescent internalizing problems. Family data from 768 2-caregiver families were analyzed for this study. Adolescents (53% female) were followed on 7 occasions starting in the fall of 6th grade (mean age = 11.3 years) through the spring of 11th grade. IPC and family demographic data were collected from parents. Youth provided data on their appraisals of conflict, internalizing problems, and substance use. Using longitudinal growth curve models, findings supported threat appraisals as a direct risk factor for escalating cigarette use, but not escalating alcohol use, during adolescence. In the alcohol trajectory model, IPC was a direct predictor of increases in alcohol use over time. These findings indicate that high levels of threat appraisals are a specific and direct risk for greater increases in cigarette use over the course of adolescence and that IPC confers risk for increasing rates of alcohol use over adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
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Merianos AL, Mancuso TF, Gordon JS, Wood KJ, Cimperman KA, Mahabee-Gittens EM. Dual- and Polytobacco/Nicotine Product Use Trends in a National Sample of High School Students. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1280-1290. [PMID: 29172632 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117743361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study purpose was to examine changes in patterns of ever and current dual- and polyproduct use over time and to examine demographic and modifiable risk factors including tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). DESIGN A secondary analysis of the 2013 to 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey data. SETTING Nationwide high schools were selected. SUBJECTS A total of 31 022 high school students. MEASURES Ever and current (past 30 days) tobacco/nicotine product use, home tobacco/nicotine product use, TSE and e-cigarette vapor exposure, and demographic characteristics were measured. ANALYSIS Multivariable logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the students, 9.4% were ever dual users and 18.6% were ever poly users. Rates of ever/current use of e-cigarettes and hookah increased from 2013 to 2015 (all Ps < .001). In 2015, participants were 4.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-5.2) and 4.0 times (95% CI, 3.5-4.4) more likely to report ever/current e-cigarette use and 1.61 times (95% CI, 1.5-1.7) and 1.48 times (95% CI, 1.3-1.7) more likely to report ever/current hookah use. Participants reporting TSE were 15.4 times (95% CI, 11.5-21.0) more likely to report current poly use, and those with e-cigarette exposure were 10.4 times (95% CI, 7.8-13.8) more likely to report current poly use. CONCLUSION From 2013 to 2015, rates of ever and current use of e-cigarettes and hookah increased. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette exposure were associated with higher rates of dual and poly use. Prevention efforts targeting these products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Merianos
- 1 School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tierney F Mancuso
- 2 Pediatric Residency Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Judith S Gordon
- 3 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kelsi J Wood
- 1 School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- 5 Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,6 College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Calhoun PS, Wilson SM, Hertzberg JS, Kirby AC, McDonald SD, Dennis PA, Bastian LA, Dedert EA, Beckham JC. Validation of Veterans Affairs Electronic Medical Record Smoking Data Among Iraq- and Afghanistan-Era Veterans. J Gen Intern Med 2017; 32:1228-1234. [PMID: 28808856 PMCID: PMC5653558 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-017-4144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research using the Veterans Health Administration (VA) electronic medical records (EMR) has been limited by a lack of reliable smoking data. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the validity of using VA EMR "Health Factors" data to determine smoking status among veterans with recent military service. DESIGN Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC), and kappa statistics were used to evaluate concordance between VA EMR smoking status and criterion smoking status. PARTICIPANTS Veterans (N = 2025) with service during the wars in Iraq/Afghanistan who participated in the VA Mid-Atlantic Post-Deployment Mental Health (PDMH) Study. MAIN MEASURES Criterion smoking status was based on self-report during a confidential study visit. VA EMR smoking status was measured by coding health factors data entries (populated during automated clinical reminders) in three ways: based on the most common health factor, the most recent health factor, and the health factor within 12 months of the criterion smoking status data collection date. KEY RESULTS Concordance with PDMH smoking status (current, former, never) was highest when determined by the most commonly observed VA EMR health factor (κ = 0.69) and was not significantly impacted by psychiatric status. Agreement was higher when smoking status was dichotomized: current vs. not current (κ = 0.73; sensitivity = 0.84; specificity = 0.91; AUC = 0.87); ever vs. never (κ = 0.75; sensitivity = 0.85; specificity = 0.90; AUC = 0.87). There were substantial missing Health Factors data when restricting analyses to a 12-month period from the criterion smoking status date. Current smokers had significantly more Health Factors entries compared to never or former smokers. CONCLUSIONS The use of computerized tobacco screening data to determine smoking status is valid and feasible. Results indicating that smokers have significantly more health factors entries than non-smokers suggest that caution is warranted when using the EMR to select cases for cohort studies as the risk for selection bias appears high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Calhoun
- VA Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sarah M Wilson
- VA Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hertzberg
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela C Kirby
- VA Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott D McDonald
- VA Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul A Dennis
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric A Dedert
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean C Beckham
- VA Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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De Pedro KT, Gilreath TD, Jackson C, Esqueda MC. Substance Use Among Transgender Students in California Public Middle and High Schools. J Sch Health 2017; 87:303-309. [PMID: 28382667 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender adolescents face tremendous social stress in families and schools, which often leads to behavioral health disparities. This study assessed whether rates of substance use were higher among transgender adolescents when compared to nontransgender adolescents. METHODS This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2013-2015 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) that examines whether rates of substance use are higher among transgender youth when compared to nontransgender youth. Participants included 4778 transgender and 630,200 nontransgender students in middle and high schools in nearly all school districts in California. The study outcomes were lifetime, recent, and in-school use of cigarettes, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy as well as nonmedical use of prescription painkillers, diet pills, Ritalin or Adderall, and cold medicine. RESULTS Transgender students were about 2-1/2 times more likely as nontransgender students to use cocaine/methamphetamine in their lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.18-2.95) and about 2.8 times as likely to report past 30-day inhalant use (OR = 2.80; 95% CI = 2.41-3.26). Transgender students were more than twice as likely to report past 30-day prescription pain medication use (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.90-2.53) and more than 3 times as likely to use cigarettes in school (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 2.84-3.99). CONCLUSIONS The study's findings indicate a need for community- and school-based interventions that reduce substance use among transgender youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Tunac De Pedro
- College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866
| | - Tamika D Gilreath
- Transdisciplinary Center for Health Equity Research, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, 801 Harrington Tower, College Station, TX, 77843-4222
| | - Christopher Jackson
- College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous research has demonstrated that experiencing interpersonal discrimination is associated with cigarette smoking. Few studies have examined the relationship between the effects of physical and emotional discrimination and cigarette usage, and none have examined this relationship among Black men. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the effects of physical and emotional discrimination and cigarette smoking. METHODS Data from the Indiana Black Men's Health Study, a community-based sample of adult Black men, was used to conduct multivariate logistic regression to examine the relationship between the physical and emotional effects of discrimination and smoking, net of healthcare and workplace discrimination, age, education, household income, and being married. RESULTS After adjusting for having an emotional response to discrimination, health care and workplace discrimination, age, education, household income, and being married, males who had a physical response to discrimination (e.g., upset stomach or headache) had higher odds of cigarette use (odds ratio (OR): 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-3.30) than men who did not have a physical response to discrimination. CONCLUSION Findings from the study suggest that Black males may use cigarette smoking as a means to mitigate the stress associated with experiences of discrimination. Future research is needed further to explore if and how Black males use cigarette smoking to cope with unfair treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Parker
- a Program for Research on Men's Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Haslyn Hunte
- b School of Public Health, Social & Behavioral Sciences , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Anita Ohmit
- c Indiana Minority Health Coalition , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Debra Furr-Holden
- d Department of Mental Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- a Program for Research on Men's Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings from previous research has demonstrated a positive relationship between interpersonal discrimination and cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is proposed to be an externalizing coping mechanism used to alleviate discrimination. At the national level, it is unclear if discrimination is associated with cigarette smoking among African American men. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the association between discrimination and cigarette smoking among a national sample of African American men. METHODS Using data from the National Survey of American Life (n = 1,271), multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between discrimination and cigarette smoking. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of the men were current smokers. Controlling for everyday discrimination, major discrimination, major stress, depressive symptoms, age, being married, household income, and education, African American men who experienced major discrimination had a higher odd of being a current smoking (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.21) than African American men who did not experience major discrimination. Conclusion/Importance: Findings suggest that African American men may use cigarette smoking as a mechanism to alleviate the experiences of discrimination. Future studies should continue to examine factors associated with African American men's smoking behavior in efforts to inform culturally relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Parker
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Ballington Kinlock
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Dakarai Chisolm
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Sociology, Morgan State University
| | - Debra Furr-Holden
- Department of Mental Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Allem JP, Unger JB. Emerging adulthood themes and hookah use among college students in Southern California. Addict Behav 2016; 61:16-9. [PMID: 27208879 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hookah (or waterpipe) use is increasing worldwide with implications for public health. Emerging adults (ages 18 to 25) have a higher risk for hookah use relative to younger and older groups. While research on the correlates of hookah use among emerging adults begins to accumulate, it may be useful to examine how transition-to-adulthood themes, or specific thoughts and feelings regarding emerging adulthood, are associated with hookah use. This study determined which transition-to-adulthood themes were associated with hookah use to understand the risk and protective factors for this tobacco-related behavior. METHODS Participants (n=555; 79% female; mean age 22) completed surveys on demographic characteristics, transition-to-adulthood themes, hookah, and cigarette use. RESULTS Past-month hookah use was more common than past-month cigarette use (16% versus 12%). In logistic regression analyses, participants who felt emerging adulthood was a time of experimentation/possibility were more likely to report hookah use. However, transition-to-adulthood themes were not statistically significantly related to cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS The profile for hookah use may differ from that of cigarettes among emerging adults. Themes of experimentation/possibility should be addressed in prevention programs on college campuses and popular recreational spots where emerging adults congregate. These findings can inform future studies of risk and protective factors for hookah use among emerging adults.
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Abstract
This study examined substance use (cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug) among first- and second-generation Asian Indian women and men (n = 1,209; ages 18-34) living in the United States. Participants reported low rates of substance use compared to national averages. First-generation participants reported lower rates of substance use. Men were more likely to have used alcohol and tried cigarettes. Within the first generation, gender differences were only significant for alcohol, but within the second generation, gender differences were significant for all three substances. The findings support the resiliency of immigrants and highlight gender differences that occur among second-generation participants.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence represents a period of development during which critical biological, as well as social and cognitive, changes occur that are necessary for the transition into adulthood. A number of researchers have suggested that the pattern of normative brain changes that occurs during this period not only predisposes adolescents to engage in risk behaviours, such as experimentation with drugs, but that they additionally make the adolescent brain more vulnerable to the direct pharmacological impact of substances of abuse. The neural circuits that we examine in this review involve cortico-basal-ganglia/limbic networks implicated in the processing of rewards, emotion regulation, and the control of behaviour, emotion and cognition. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS We identify certain neurocognitive and personality/comorbidity-based risk factors for the onset of substance misuse during adolescence, and summarise the evidence suggesting that these risk factors may be further impacted by the direct effect of drugs on the underlying neural circuits implicated in substance misuse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Conrod
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Kyriaki Nikolaou
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pike JR, Xie B, Tan N, Sabado-Liwag MD, Orne A, Toilolo T, Cen S, May V, Lee C, Pang VK, Rainer MA, Vaivao DES, Lepule JT, Tanjasiri SP, Palmer PH. Developing an Internet- and Mobile-Based System to Measure Cigarette Use Among Pacific Islanders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e2. [PMID: 26743132 PMCID: PMC4722229 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent prevalence data indicates that Pacific Islanders living in the United States have disproportionately high smoking rates when compared to the general populace. However, little is known about the factors contributing to tobacco use in this at-risk population. Moreover, few studies have attempted to determine these factors utilizing technology-based assessment techniques. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop a customized Internet-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) system capable of measuring cigarette use among Pacific Islanders in Southern California. This system integrated the ubiquity of text messaging, the ease of use associated with mobile phone apps, the enhanced functionality offered by Internet-based Cell phone-optimized Assessment Techniques (ICAT), and the high survey completion rates exhibited by EMA studies that used electronic diaries. These features were tested in a feasibility study designed to assess whether Pacific Islanders would respond to this method of measurement and whether the data gathered would lead to novel insights regarding the intrapersonal, social, and ecological factors associated with cigarette use. METHODS 20 young adult smokers in Southern California who self-identified as Pacific Islanders were recruited by 5 community-based organizations to take part in a 7-day EMA study. Participants selected six consecutive two-hour time blocks per day during which they would be willing to receive a text message linking them to an online survey formatted for Web-enabled mobile phones. Both automated reminders and community coaches were used to facilitate survey completion. RESULTS 720 surveys were completed from 840 survey time blocks, representing a completion rate of 86%. After adjusting for gender, age, and nicotine dependence, feeling happy (P=<.001) or wanting a cigarette while drinking alcohol (P=<.001) were positively associated with cigarette use. Being at home (P=.02) or being around people who are not smoking (P=.01) were negatively associated with cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS The results of the feasibility study indicate that customized systems can be used to conduct technology-based assessments of tobacco use among Pacific Islanders. Such systems can foster high levels of survey completion and may lead to novel insights for future research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Russell Pike
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is increasingly recognized as a public health concern in modern society. Insomnia diagnoses appear to be increasing and are associated with poor health outcomes. They may cost $100 billion annually in health services. OBJECTIVE Given the adverse consequences of insomnia such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression, the present study was designed to examine the relationship of the trajectories of earlier cigarette smoking and later insomnia. The ultimate goal is to reduce the prevalence of insomnia. METHODS 674 participants (53% African Americans, 47% Puerto Ricans, 60% females) were surveyed at 6 points in time. We employed the growth mixture model to obtain the trajectories of cigarette smoking from age 14 to 32. We used logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between the trajectories of smoking and insomnia. RESULTS Males were less likely to have insomnia than females (Adjusted odds ratio: AOR = 0.34, p < .05). A higher Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) for the chronic smoking trajectory group (AOR = 2.69, p < .05) and for the moderate smoking trajectory group (AOR = 5.33, p < .01) was associated with an increased likelihood of having insomnia at age 36 compared with the BPP of the no or low smoking trajectory group. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and treatment programs for individuals who suffer from insomnia should be implemented in parallel with programs for smoking cessation. From a public health perspective, our longitudinal study that examined the association between earlier smoking trajectories and later insomnia suggests that treatments designed to reduce or cease smoking may lessen the occurrence of symptoms of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Judith S Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Stephen J Finch
- b Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York , USA
| | - David W Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
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Riggs NR, Anthenien AM, Leventhal AM. Separating the Association Between Inhibitory Control and Substance Use Prevalence Versus Quantity During Adolescence: A Hurdle Mixed-Effects Model Approach. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:565-73. [PMID: 27010911 PMCID: PMC4861039 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1126742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory control is a critical component to the self-regulation of affect and behavior. Research consistently demonstrates negative associations between inhibitory control and several problem behaviors including substance misuse during early adolescence. However, analytic approaches previously used have often applied ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to non-normal count data with an excessive number of zeros (i.e., never users), violating several model assumptions. Further, OLS regression fails to model effects of the independent variable, separately, for both prevalence and quantity of use. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to simultaneously model associations between inhibitory control and both past 30-day prevalence and amount of cigarette and marijuana use. It was hypothesized that when doing so, inhibitory control would be significantly associated with prevalence, but not quantity of use. METHOD Hurdle Mixed-effects Models (HMM) were used for hypothesis testing on data collected from 3,383, 9th grade adolescents (M(age) = 14.08 years). RESULTS Results confirmed hypotheses, demonstrating that although significant bivariate associations between inhibitory control and quantity of cigarette and marijuana use existed, HMM analyses established that the associations were more precisely specific to past 30-day prevalence, and not quantity of use. CONCLUSION Results from a HMM approach contribute to a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of which characteristics of cigarette and marijuana use are associated with inhibitory control during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Riggs
- a Department of Human Development and Family Studies , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Amber M Anthenien
- b Department of Psychology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- c Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Mason WA, Fleming CB, Ringle JL, Hanson K, Gross TJ, Haggerty KP. Prevalence of marijuana and other substance use before and after Washington State's change from legal medical marijuana to legal medical and nonmedical marijuana: Cohort comparisons in a sample of adolescents. Subst Abus 2015; 37:330-5. [PMID: 26252354 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2015.1071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of states have new legislation extending prior legalization of medical marijuana by allowing nonmedical marijuana use for adults. The potential influence of this change in legislation on adolescent marijuana and other substance use (e.g., spillover or substitution effects) is uncertain. We capitalize on an ongoing study to explore the prevalence of marijuana and other substance use in 2 cohorts of adolescents who experienced the nonmedical marijuana law change in Washington State at different ages. METHODS Participants were 8th graders enrolled in targeted Tacoma, Washington public schools and recruited in 2 consecutive annual cohorts. The analysis sample was 238 students who completed a baseline survey in the 8th grade and a follow-up survey after the 9th grade. Between the 2 assessments, the second cohort experienced the Washington State nonmedical marijuana law change, whereas the first cohort did not. Self-report survey data on lifetime and past-month marijuana, cigarette, and alcohol use were collected. RESULTS Multivariate multilevel modeling showed that cohort differences in the likelihood of marijuana use were significantly different from those for cigarette and alcohol use at follow-up (adjusting for baseline substance initiation). Marijuana use was higher for the second cohort than the first cohort, but this difference was not statistically significant. Rates of cigarette and alcohol use were slightly lower in the second cohort than in the first cohort. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study found that marijuana use was more prevalent among teens shortly after the transition from medical marijuana legalization only to medical and nonmedical marijuana legalization, although the difference between cohorts was not statistically significant. The findings also provided some evidence of substitution effects. The analytic technique used here may be useful for examining potential long-term effects of nonmedical marijuana laws on adolescent marijuana use and substitution or spillover effects in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Alex Mason
- a National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town , Boys Town , Nebraska , USA
| | - Charles B Fleming
- b Social Development Research Group, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Jay L Ringle
- a National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town , Boys Town , Nebraska , USA
| | - Koren Hanson
- b Social Development Research Group, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Thomas J Gross
- c Center for Child and Family Well-Being, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
| | - Kevin P Haggerty
- b Social Development Research Group, University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
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Ward BW, Allen A, Gryczynski J. Racial/ethnic differences in the relationship among cigarette use, religiosity, and social norms for U.S. adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2015; 13:337-61. [PMID: 25397636 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2014.958636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the racial/ethnic differences in the role of social norms in the protective relationship between religiosity and cigarette smoking. The 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used to investigate the relationships between smoking, religiosity, and social norms of U.S. adolescents (N = 13,278). Significant indirect effects between religiosity and smoking were found through social norms for non-Hispanic White adolescents. Findings were mixed for non-Hispanic Black adolescents. Mechanisms driving the religiosity-smoking association differ across subpopulations. Smoking prevention efforts and messaging campaigns that include partnerships with religious communities may require consideration of these racial/ethnic differences when planning prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Ward
- a African American Studies Department , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland
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Shenk CE, Noll JG, Peugh JL, Griffin AM, Bensman HE. Contamination in the Prospective Study of Child Maltreatment and Female Adolescent Health. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 41:37-45. [PMID: 25797944 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of contamination, or the presence of child maltreatment in a comparison condition, when estimating the broad, longitudinal effects of child maltreatment on female health at the transition to adulthood. METHODS The Female Adolescent Development Study (N = 514; age range: 14-19 years) used a prospective cohort design to examine the effects of substantiated child maltreatment on teenage births, obesity, major depression, and past-month cigarette use. Contamination was controlled via a multimethod strategy that used both adolescent self-report and Child Protective Services records to remove cases of child maltreatment from the comparison condition. RESULTS Substantiated child maltreatment significantly predicted each outcome, relative risks = 1.47-2.95, 95% confidence intervals: 1.03-7.06, with increases in corresponding effect size magnitudes, only when contamination was controlled using the multimethod strategy. CONCLUSIONS Contamination truncates risk estimates of child maltreatment and controlling it can strengthen overall conclusions about the effects of child maltreatment on female health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Shenk
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Division of Child Abuse Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center,
| | - Jennie G Noll
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - James L Peugh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, and Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Amanda M Griffin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Pokhrel P, Sussman S, Stacy A. Relative effects of social self-control, sensation seeking, and impulsivity on future cigarette use in a sample of high-risk adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:343-51. [PMID: 24093522 PMCID: PMC4911207 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.841241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We used confirmatory factor analysis to compare convergence/divergence across self-report measures of social self-control, sensation seeking, and impulsivity in a sample of high-risk adolescents. In addition, we tested baseline social self-control as a predictor of cigarette use one year later, controlling for baseline cigarette use, impulsivity/sensation seeking, and demographic variables. Data were collected in 2004-2005 from 821 adolescents (M age = 16.3; SD = 1.36) enrolled in 14 continuation high schools in Southern California. Of the baseline sample, 566 students participated in a follow-up survey one year later. Results indicated that social self-control represents a unique dimension of self-control and is a salient predictor of future cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Pokhrel
- 1University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Prevention & Control Program, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using longitudinal data from the multigenerational Youth Development Study (YDS), this article documents how parents' long-term smoking trajectories are associated with adolescent children's likelihood of smoking. Prospective data from the parents (from age 14-38 years) enable unique comparisons of the parents' and children's smoking behavior, as well as that of siblings. METHODS Smoking trajectories are constructed using latent class analysis for the original YDS cohort (n = 1010). Multigenerational longitudinal data from 214 parents and 314 offspring ages 11 years and older are then analyzed by using logistic regression with cluster-corrected SEs. RESULTS Four latent smoking trajectories emerged among the original cohort: stable nonsmokers (54%), early-onset light smokers who quit/reduce (16%), late-onset persistent smokers (14%), and early-onset persistent heavy smokers (16%). Although 8% of children of stable nonsmokers smoked in the last year, the other groups' children had much higher percentages, ranging from 23% to 29%. Multivariate logistic regression models confirm that these significant differences were robust to the inclusion of myriad child- and parent-level measures (for which child age and grade point average [GPA] are significant predictors). Older sibling smoking, however, mediated the link between parental heavy smoking and child smoking. CONCLUSIONS Even in an era of declining rates of teenage cigarette use in the United States, children of current and former smokers face an elevated risk of smoking. Prevention efforts to weaken intergenerational associations should consider parents' long-term cigarette use, as well as the smoking behavior of older siblings in the household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Vuolo
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Stein JA, Zane JI, Grella CE. Impact of Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Treatment Services on Physical Health-Related Behaviors and Problems among Dually Diagnosed Patients. J Dual Diagn 2012; 8:64-73. [PMID: 22707922 PMCID: PMC3374344 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2012.647470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Physical health problems are pervasive among patients with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders. Yet, drug treatment programs often ignore tobacco use and its association with health. Abstinence self-efficacy has been associated with improved outcomes for co-occurring disorders, which in turn may also impact physical health. This study had the goal of assessing whether abstinence self-efficacy for drugs and alcohol, and provision and use of services would influence tobacco use and other health-related outcomes among 351 individuals with co-occurring disorders in residential drug treatment. METHODS: Structural models tested the impact of baseline abstinence self-efficacy and treatment service characteristics on 6-month outcomes of health problems, functional limitations, health perceptions, and cigarette and heavy alcohol use. Demographics and baseline values for outcome variables were included as covariates. RESULTS: Correlations within time for poor health, cigarette use, and heavy alcohol use were substantial. A longer time in drug treatment was associated with less cigarette and heavy alcohol use at a 6-month follow-up. Baseline health problems were associated with more cigarette use and functional limitations at 6-months. Abstinence self-efficacy did not predict less cigarette use, but predicted less heavy alcohol use and fewer functional limitations. Availability of specialized dual-diagnosis groups and more on-site psychological services were not directly associated with outcomes, but had an impact through indirect effects on more psychological service utilization which predicted better subjective health. CONCLUSIONS: Improving overall treatment retention and services utilization among patients with co-occurring disorders may generalize to improved health perceptions, but specific health promotion and smoking-cessation interventions are warranted to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, ()
| | | | - Christine E. Grella
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for, Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, ()
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Marshal MP, King KM, Stepp SD, Hipwell A, Smith H, Chung T, Friedman MS, Markovic N. Trajectories of alcohol and cigarette use among sexual minority and heterosexual girls. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:97-9. [PMID: 22188841 PMCID: PMC3649138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine disparities between sexual minority girls (SMGs) and heterosexual girls in trajectories of substance use over time. METHOD Girls were included in the analyses if they were 12-18 years of age at wave 1 and did not miss sexual orientation data at wave 4 (n = 7,765). Latent curve models were estimated across all four waves (extending from middle adolescence into young adulthood) to examine trajectories of cigarette and alcohol use. RESULTS Initial levels of substance use were higher for SMGs than they were for heterosexual girls. SMGs also exhibited sharper escalations in use across all substances over time as they were transitioning into young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Persistent rates of cigarette and heavy alcohol use among SMGs may increase their risk for a host of mental and physical health problems in adulthood. Clinicians should be prepared to discuss SMG health topics effectively and in private, and discuss prevention and intervention programs with girls at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Marshal
- Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Helen Smith
- Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh,Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mark S. Friedman
- Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Nina Markovic
- Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
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Abstract
This population-based study of high school seniors examines differences in the influence of several important determinants of smoking among white, African-American, Hispanic, and other teens. With national survey data for each year from 1976 to 2004, logistic regression is used to test for differences across race and ethnic groups (averaged over all years) in the effects on daily smoking of background factors such as living arrangements and parents' education and social activities such as academic performance and religiosity. The results show similarity in effects across racial categories, but some determinants have weaker or reversed effects for African-American and Hispanic youth than for white youth. For example, high parents' education increases smoking among Hispanic youth, has little influence among African Americans, and decreases smoking among whites. These results suggest that smoking patterns of minority teens differ in some ways from those of white teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred C Pampel
- Population Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0484, USA.
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Osaki Y, Tanihata T, Ohida T, Kanda H, Kaneita Y, Minowa M, Suzuki K, Wada K, Hayashi K. Decrease in the prevalence of smoking among Japanese adolescents and its possible causes: periodic nationwide cross-sectional surveys. Environ Health Prev Med 2008; 13:219-26. [PMID: 19568908 PMCID: PMC2698236 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-008-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess trends in smoking prevalence among Japanese adolescents and to analyze possible causal factors for the decrease in smoking prevalence observed in a 2004 survey. METHODS Nationwide cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 1996, 2000 and 2004. Survey schools, both junior and senior high schools, considered to be representative of the whole of Japan were sampled randomly. Enrolled students were asked to complete a self-reporting anonymous questionnaire on smoking behavior. The questionnaires were collected from 115,814 students in 1996, 106,297 in 2000, and 102,451 in 2004. School principals were asked about the policy of their respective school on smoking restrictions. RESULTS Cigarette smoking prevalence (lifetime, current, and daily smoking) in 2004, based on the completed questionnaires, had decreased relative to previous years in both sexes and in all school grades. The most important trends were: a decrease in smoking prevalence among the fathers and older brothers of the students; an increase in the proportion of students who did not have friends; a decrease in the proportion of current smokers who usually bought cigarettes in stores decreased in 2004, in particular for the oldest boys. An association was found between a lower smoking rate at a school and a smoke-free school policy. CONCLUSIONS Japan has experienced a decrease in the prevalence of smoking among adolescents. A decrease in smoking prevalence among the fathers and older brothers, limitations to minors' access to tobacco, an increase in the proportion of students without friends, and a school policy restricting smoking may have contributed to this decreasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
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Widome R, Forster JL, Hannan PJ, Perry CL. Longitudinal patterns of youth access to cigarettes and smoking progression: Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) study (2000-2003). Prev Med 2007; 45:442-6. [PMID: 17719080 PMCID: PMC2255062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure community-level changes in the methods youth use to obtain cigarettes over time and to relate these methods to the progression of smoking. METHODS We analyzed 2000-2003 data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study, where youth (beginning at age 12), who were living in Minnesota at baseline, were surveyed every 6 months via telephone. We conducted mixed model repeated measures logistic regression to obtain probabilities of cigarette access methods among past 30-day smokers (n=340 at baseline). RESULTS The probability of obtaining cigarettes from a commercial source in the past month declined from 0.36 at baseline to 0.22 at the sixth survey point while the probability of obtaining cigarettes from a social source during the previous month increased from 0.54 to 0.76 (p for both trends=0.0001). At the community level, the likelihood of adolescents obtaining cigarettes from social sources was inversely related to the likelihood of progressing to heavy smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS During this time, youth shifted to greater reliance on social sources and less on commercial sources. A trend toward less commercial access to cigarettes accompanied by an increase in social access may translate to youth being less likely to progress to heavier smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Widome
- Healthy Youth Development Prevention Research Center, Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN 55455-200, USA.
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