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Nakamura Y, Miwa T, Shiga H, Sakata H, Shigeta D, Hatta T. Histological changes in the olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream due to interruption of olfactory input. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:517-524. [PMID: 38522356 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periglomerular and granule cells in the adult mammalian olfactory bulb modulate olfactory signal transmission. These cells originate from the subventricular zone, migrate to the olfactory bulb via the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS), and differentiate into mature cells within the olfactory bulb throughout postnatal life. While the regulation of neuroblast development is known to be affected by external stimuli, there is a lack of information concerning changes that occur during the recovery process after injury caused by external stimuli. To address this gap in research, the present study conducted histological observations to investigate changes in the olfactory bulb and RMS occurring after the degeneration and regeneration of olfactory neurons. METHODS To create a model of olfactory neurodegeneration, adult mice were administered methimazole intraperitoneally. Nasal tissue and whole brains were removed 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after methimazole administration, and EdU was administered 2 and 4 h before removal of these tissues to monitor dividing cells in the RMS. Methimazole-untreated mice were used as controls. Olfactory nerve fibers entering the olfactory glomerulus were observed immunohistochemically using anti-olfactory marker protein. In the brain tissue, the entire RMS was observed and the volume and total number of cells in the RMS were measured. In addition, the number of neuroblasts and dividing neuroblasts passing through the RMS were measured using anti-doublecortin and anti-EdU antibodies, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey test. RESULTS Olfactory epithelium degenerated was observed after methimazole administration, and recovered after 28 days. In the olfactory glomeruli, degeneration of OMP fibers began after methimazole administration, and after day 14, OMP fibers were reduced or absent by day 28, and overall OMP positive fibers were less than 20%. Glomerular volume tended to decrease after methimazole administration and did not appear to recover, even 28 days after recovery of the olfactory epithelium. In the RMS, EdU-positive cells decreased on day 3 and began to increase on day 7. However, they did not recover to the same levels as the control methimazole-untreated mice even after 28 days. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the division and maturation of neuroblasts migrating from the RMS was suppressed by olfactory nerve degeneration or the disruption of olfactory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nakamura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Shiga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakata
- Department of Anatomy I, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Daichi Shigeta
- Department of Anatomy I, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy I, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan
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Mohamadizadeh E, Arabi MS, Hojati V, Vaezi G, Hosseini SM. Comparison of antithyroid effects and hepatic complications of methimazole with catechin and its nanoencapsulation form in adult male rats. J Complement Integr Med 2022; 19:591-598. [PMID: 35918303 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methimazole is an antithyroid drug and is used clinically in hyperthyroidism. Liver dysfunction is one of the side effects of methimazole. Catechins are natural flavonoids and have antioxidant, antithyroid, and liver protection effects. Despite the wide range of biological properties of catechins, their effective use is limited due to poor water solubility, low stability, and low bioavailability. Catechin niosomal nanoencapsulation improves the properties of catechin and increases its antioxidant activities. METHODS Niosomal vesicles were synthesized by the Thin Film Hydration method and their physicochemical characteristics, morphology, and percentage of trapped catechin in them were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectrophotometry, respectively. In this study, 32 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, 50 mg/kg methimazole, 100 mg/kg catechin, and 100 mg/kg nanocapsule niosomal form of catechin. The drugs were administered orally and the duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Then, the serum concentration of thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and serum liver function tests were performed using an autoanalyzer. The activities of hepatic oxidative enzymes were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Our study showed that the percentage of catechin encapsulation in the niosome was calculated to be 51%. A significant difference was observed in the catechin and encapsulated catechin treatment groups compared to the methimazole group (p <0.0001). In all three treatment groups of methimazole, catechin, and niosomal nanocapsule catechin, serum levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, body weight and daily consumption of water and food were significantly reduced compared to the control group (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The antithyroid effects of catechin and its encapsulated form were comparable to methimazole. Also, the encapsulation improved the hepatoprotective effects of catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
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Bezdicka M, Kleiblova P, Soucek J, Borecka M, El-Lababidi E, Smrz D, Rataj M, Sumnik Z, Malikova J, Soucek O. Novel presentation of the c.1856A > G (p.Asp619Gly) TSHR gene-activating variant: relapsing hyperthyroidism in three subsequent generations manifesting in early childhood and an in vitro functional study. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:803-812. [PMID: 34142359 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism is a rare disease caused by germline activating variants in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene. The c.1856A > G (p.Asp619Gly) pathogenic variant has been described in cases of toxic adenoma but never before, to our knowledge, in a case of familial non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism. PATIENT FINDINGS A 3-year-old boy was admitted for acute gastroenteritis presenting with goiter and tall stature. Laboratory findings revealed peripheral hyperthyroidism and negativity for thyroid autoantibodies. Antithyroid drug treatment was effective, but relapses occurred shortly after attempts to decrease the drug dose. As the boy's father and paternal grandmother also experienced relapsing hyperthyroidism manifesting in early childhood, genetic testing of TSHR was indicated. The c.1856A > G (p.Asp619Gly) pathogenic variant was found in all three affected family members. Functional in vitro characterization of the variant verified that it enhances constitutional activation of the receptor, leading to increased production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Total thyroidectomy was indicated in the boy due to an unsatisfactory prognosis. Due to persistent positive thyroglobulin serum concentration, a diagnostic radioiodine scan was performed approximately 2 years later. Residual thyroid tissue was revealed; therefore, radioiodine ablative therapy was performed. Despite adequate thyroxine substitution over a long period of follow-up, TSH remained suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Unlike Graves' disease, familial non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism cases present with antithyroid drug-dependence. Not ultrasound but positive thyroglobulin serum concentration indicated residual thyroid tissue. Early detection of residual thyroid tissue and radioiodine ablation prevented the subject from experiencing relapsing hyperthyroidism and undergoing unnecessary repeated surgery. Life-long hormone substitution should be adjusted to free thyroxine rather than TSH serum concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bezdicka
- Vera Vavrova Laboratory/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Soucek
- Private Paediatric Endocrinology Practice, Carlsbad, Czech Republic
| | - Marianna Borecka
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva El-Lababidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rataj
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soucek
- Vera Vavrova Laboratory/VIAL, Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zhang J, Luo D, Li F, Li Z, Gao X, Qiao J, Wu L, Li M. Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Antithyroid Cancer Drug Vandetanib-Induced QT Interval Prolongation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:3520034. [PMID: 34659631 PMCID: PMC8516564 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3520034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel is responsible for acquired long QT syndromes, which leads to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. A multikinase inhibitor, vandetanib, prolongs the progression-free survival time in advanced medullary thyroid cancer. However, vandetanib has been reported to induce significant QT interval prolongation, which limits its clinical application. Some studies have showed that ginsenoside Rg3 decelerated hERG K(+) channel tail current deactivation. Therefore, in this study, we aim to confirm whether ginsenoside Rg3 targeting hERG K(+) channel could be used to reverse the vandetanib-induced QT interval prolongation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and monophasic action potential (MAP) were recorded using electrophysiology signal sampling and analysis system in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. The current clamp mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to record transmembrane action potential. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the hERG K+ current. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, vandetanib prolonged the QT interval in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.96 μmol/L. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), vandetanib significantly prolonged the action potential duration at 50%, 70%, and 90% repolarization (APD50, APD70, and APD90). In stable transfected human hERG gene HEK293 cells, vandetanib caused concentrate-dependent inhibition in the step and tail currents of hERG. As expected, ginsenoside Rg3 relieved vandetanib-induced QT interval prolongation in Langendorff-perfused heart and reversed vandetanib-induced APD prolongation in hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 alleviated vandetanib-induced hERG current inhibition and accelerated the process of the channel activation. Ginsenoside Rg3 may be a promising cardioprotective agent against vandetanib-induced QT interval prolongation through targeting hERG channel. These novel findings highlight the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside to prevent vandetanib-induced cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Verma S, Govindharajulu P, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Jadegoud Y, Henry CJ, Velan SS, Yeo PS, Lee Y, Lim BSP, Liew H, Chew CK, Quek TPL, Abdul Shakoor SAKK, Hoi WH, Chan SP, Chew DE, Dalan R, Leow MKS. Metabolic effects of brown fat in transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:553-563. [PMID: 34342595 PMCID: PMC8428075 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls metabolic rate through thermogenesis. As its regulatory factors during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism are not well established, our study investigated the relationships between supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activity and physiological/metabolic changes with changes in thyroid status. DESIGN Participants with newly diagnosed Graves' disease were recruited. A thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD) such as carbimazole (CMZ) or thiamazole (TMZ) was prescribed in every case. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a chamber calorimeter, as well as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging scanning, with clinical and biochemical parameters measured during hyperthyroidism and repeated in early euthyroidism. PET sBAT mean/maximum standardized uptake value (SUV mean/max), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF) and mean temperature (Tscv) quantified sBAT activity. RESULTS Twenty-one (16 female/5 male) participants aged 39.5 ± 2.5 years completed the study. The average duration to attain euthyroidism was 28.6 ± 2.3 weeks. Eight participants were BAT-positive while 13 were BAT-negative. sFF increased with euthyroidism (72.3 ± 1.4% to 76.8 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), but no changes were observed in PET SUV mean and Tscv. Significant changes in serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were related to BAT status (interaction P value = 0.04). FT3 concentration at hyperthyroid state was positively associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (r = 0.58, P = 0.01) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hyperthyroidism does not consistently lead to a detectable increase in BAT activity. FT3 reduction during the transition to euthyroidism correlated with BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yaligar Jadegoud
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Pei Shan Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Yingshan Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Brenda Su Ping Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Chee Kian Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Timothy Peng Lim Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Shaikh A K K Abdul Shakoor
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Wai Han Hoi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Correspondence should be addressed to M K Leow Email
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Deal CK, Volkoff H. Effects of thyroxine and propylthiouracil on feeding behavior and the expression of hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides and thyroid function in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Peptides 2021; 142:170578. [PMID: 34033875 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is poor evidence for an association between thyroidal state, feeding and appetite regulation in fish. We assessed how an altered thyroid state influences feeding behavior, food intake and expression of hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides (Klotho-α and Klotho-β; orexin, OX; cholecystokinin, CCK; agouti-related peptide, AgRP; cannabinoid receptor 1, CB1) in goldfish. We also measured the expressions of hypothalamic, pituitary and liver transcripts that regulate the thyroid [thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRH-R) type 1, thyroid stimulating hormone beta (TSHβ), deiodinases (DIO2, DIO3), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), thyroid receptor alpha and beta (TRα, TRβ)], and circulating levels of total thyroxine (tT4) and total triiodothyronine (tT3). Goldfish were implanted with propylthiouracil (PTU) or T4 osmotic pumps for 12 days. T4- treatment increased feeding behavior but not food intake, increased central TSHβ and DIO2, and hepatic DIO2 transcript expression and increased central DIO3 mRNA. Under hyperthyroid conditions, hypothalamic Klotho and CCK expressions were downregulated, suggesting an increased metabolic state and a hypothalamic response to regulate energy balance. AgRP, OX and CB1 were not affected by T4 treatment. PTU had no effect on any of the parameters examined, suggesting it is not a sensitive thyroid inhibitor in fish. Overall, we show that unlike in mammals, hyperthyroid conditions in goldfish do not lead to an increased desire or need to consume food, furthering evidence for a weak link between the thyroid and appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole K Deal
- Departments of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Tan S, Chen L, Jin L, Fu X. The efficiency and safety of methimazole and propylthiouracil in hyperthyroidism: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26707. [PMID: 34397700 PMCID: PMC8322508 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. METHODS Articles were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and QVIP. The primary outcomes were clinical efficacy and thyroid hormone levels in MMI and PTU groups. The secondary outcomes were liver function indexes and adverse reactions in MMI and PTU groups. Results were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Begg test was applied to assess the publication bias. RESULTS Totally, 16 randomized controlled trials were retained in this meta-analysis with 973 patients receiving MMI and 933 receiving PTU. The levels of triiodothyronine (T3) (WMD = -1.321, 95% CI: -2.271 to -0.372, P = .006), thyroxine (T4) (WMD = -37.311, 95% CI: -61.012 to -13.610, P = .002), Free T3 (FT3) (WMD = -1.388, 95% CI: -2.543 to -0.233, P = .019), Free T4 (FT4) (WMD = -3.613, 95% CI: -5.972 to -1.255, P = .003), and the risk of liver function damage (OR = 0.208, 95% CI: 0.146-0.296, P < .001) in the MMI group were lower than those in the PTU group. The thyroid-stimulating hormone level (WMD = 0.787, 95% CI: 0.380-1.194, P < .001) and the risk of hypothyroidism (OR = 2.738, 95% CI: 1.444-5.193, P = .002) were higher in the MMI group than those in the PTU group. CONCLUSIONS Although MMI might have higher risk of hypothyroidism than PTU, the efficacy of MMI may be better than PTU in patients with hyperthyroidism regarding reducing T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 levels, decreasing the risk of liver function damage and increasing the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. REGISTER NUMBER osf.io/ds637 (https://osf.io/search/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Huguo Temple Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chinese medicine, Inner Mongolia Qingshuihe Hospital of Chinese and Mongolian medicine, Inner Mongolia
| | - Likun Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Fengsheng Special Hospital of Traditional Medical Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Huguo Temple Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
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Duntas LH. Block-and-replace vs. titration antithyroid drug regimen for Graves' hyperthyroidism: two is not always better than one. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1337-1339. [PMID: 33000387 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L H Duntas
- Evgenideion Hospital, Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Thyroid Section, University of Athens, 20 Papadiamantopoulou Str, 11528, Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
Radioiodine therapy (RIT) of thyroid functional autonomy (TFA) is rapidly evolving, though it has been recognized for decades as a very effective treatment of toxic nodular varieties. Indeed, TFA is a frequent cause of persistent subclinical hyperthyroidism, which should be regarded as a new metabolic syndrome, with well-established adverse cardio-vascular consequences. Sensitive TSH assays and multiparametric ultrasounds are not accurate enough to reliably diagnose TFA and identify its main variants, unifocal, multifocal (UFA/MFA) and disseminated autonomy (DISA). Modern diagnostic tools are extensively presented and rely upon Thyroid Scan imaging and quantification. A new relationship allows predicting at baseline, an excess of 123I uptake as compared to the TSH stimulation in compensated TFA. Suppressed TS are useful with either isotope, otherwise. Diagnosis of the DISA variant is presented as compared to Graves' disease. Dosimetry has some specificity in TFA work-up. Indeed, the spatial distribution of the dose is as important as the mean value itself and can be eventually controlled by adjusting the TSH level with the smart use of LT3 or antithyroid drug therapy (ATD). A review of the different ways to determine the target mass from anatomical to functional approaches is presented. Main clinical and dosimetric published results of RIT are summarized according to clinical goals. Endogenous TSH stimulation using an ATD preparation has promising results in reducing big autonomously functioning goiters. Finally, we report preliminary successful results of preventive RIT using short term LT3 suppression in compensated TFA, with low administered activities and low rate of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Clerc
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cochin Hospital, DMU Imagina, Paris University, Paris, France -
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10
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Bagur S, Lefort JM, Lacroix MM, de Lavilléon G, Herry C, Chouvaeff M, Billand C, Geoffroy H, Benchenane K. Breathing-driven prefrontal oscillations regulate maintenance of conditioned-fear evoked freezing independently of initiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2605. [PMID: 33972521 PMCID: PMC8110519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-body interactions are thought to be essential in emotions but their physiological basis remains poorly understood. In mice, regular 4 Hz breathing appears during freezing after cue-fear conditioning. Here we show that the olfactory bulb (OB) transmits this rhythm to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) where it organizes neural activity. Reduction of the respiratory-related 4 Hz oscillation, via bulbectomy or optogenetic perturbation of the OB, reduces freezing. Behavioural modelling shows that this is due to a specific reduction in freezing maintenance without impacting its initiation, thus dissociating these two phenomena. dmPFC LFP and firing patterns support the region's specific function in freezing maintenance. In particular, population analysis reveals that network activity tracks 4 Hz power dynamics during freezing and reaches a stable state at 4 Hz peak that lasts until freezing termination. These results provide a potential mechanism and a functional role for bodily feedback in emotions and therefore shed light on the historical James-Cannon debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bagur
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France.
| | - Julie M Lefort
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marie M Lacroix
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan de Lavilléon
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Herry
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Chouvaeff
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Clara Billand
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Karim Benchenane
- Team Memory, Oscillations and Brain States (MOBs), Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France.
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11
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Maimaiti R, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ding Q, Guo W. RBM20-Mediated Pre-mRNA Splicing Has Muscle-Specificity and Differential Hormonal Responses between Muscles and in Muscle Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2928. [PMID: 33805770 PMCID: PMC7999644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing plays an important role in muscle function and diseases. The RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) is a splicing factor that is predominantly expressed in muscle tissues and primarily regulates pre-mRNA splicing of Ttn, encoding a giant muscle protein titin that is responsible for muscle function and diseases. RBM20-mediated Ttn splicing has been mostly studied in heart muscle, but not in skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated splicing specificity in different muscle types in Rbm20 knockout rats and hormonal effects on RBM20-mediated splicing both in cellulo and in vivo studies. The results revealed that RBM20 is differentially expressed across muscles and RBM20-mediated splicing is muscle-type specific. In the presence of RBM20, Ttn splicing responds to hormones in a muscle-type dependent manner, while in the absence of RBM20, Ttn splicing is not affected by hormones. In differentiated and undifferentiated C2C12 cells, RBM20-mediated splicing in response to hormonal effects is mainly through genomic signaling pathway. The knowledge gained from this study may help further understand muscle-specific gene splicing in response to hormone stimuli in different muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Maimaiti
- Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (R.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (R.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qiyue Ding
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (Q.D.)
| | - Wei Guo
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (Q.D.)
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12
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Hu S, Zhang M, Shi B, Wang Y. Decreased Treg Cell and TCR Expansion Are Involved in Long-Lasting Graves' Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:632492. [PMID: 33912135 PMCID: PMC8074859 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.632492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorder. GD patients who have taken anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) for more than 5 years with positive anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies value were defined as persistent GD (pGD). To develop novel immunotherapies for pGD, we investigated the role of T cells in the long-lasting phase of GD. Clinical characteristics were compared between the pGD and newly diagnosed GD (nGD) (N = 20 respectively). Flow cytometric analysis was utilized to determine the proportions of Treg and Th17 cells (pGD, N = 12; nGD, N = 14). T cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were also performed (pGD, N = 13; nGD, N = 20). Flow cytometric analysis identified lower proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in pGD than in nGD (P = 0.0306 and P = 0.0223). TCR-seq analysis revealed a lower diversity (P = 0.0025) in pGD. Specifically, marked clonal expansion, represented by an increased percentage of top V-J recombination, was observed in pGD patients. Interestingly, pGD patients showed more public T cell clonotypes than nGD patients (2,741 versus 966). Meanwhile, RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of the inflammation and chemotaxis pathways in pGD. Specifically, the expression of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic genes (IL1B, IL13, IL8, and CCL4) was increased in pGD, whereas Th17 and Treg cells associated genes (RORC, CARD9, STAT5A, and SATB1) decreased in pGD. Additionally, TCR diversity was negatively correlated with the expression of pro-inflammatory or chemotactic genes (FASLG, IL18R1, CCL24, and CCL14). These results indicated that Treg dysregulation and the expansion of pathogenic T cell clones might be involved in the long-lasting phase of GD via upregulating chemotaxis or inflammation response. To improve the treatment of pGD patients, ATDs combined therapies, especially those aimed at improving Treg cell frequencies or targeting specific expanded pathogenic TCR clones, are worth exploring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqian Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Bingyin Shi, ; Yue Wang,
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Bingyin Shi, ; Yue Wang,
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13
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Giuliani C, Verrocchio S, Verginelli F, Bucci I, Grassadonia A, Napolitano G. Hormonal Regulation of the MHC Class I Gene in Thyroid Cells: Role of the Promoter "Tissue-Specific" Region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749609. [PMID: 34938270 PMCID: PMC8685237 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we have demonstrated that the expression of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I gene in thyrocytes is controlled by several hormones, growth factors, and drugs. These substances mainly act on two regions of the MHC class I promoter a "tissue-specific" region (-800 to -676 bp) and a "hormone/cytokines-sensitive" region (-500 to -68 bp). In a previous study, we have shown that the role of the "tissue-specific" region in the MHC class I gene expression is dominant compared to that of the "hormone/cytokines-sensitive" region. In the present report we further investigate the dominant role of the "tissue-specific" region evaluating the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), methimazole (MMI), phenylmethimazole (C10), glucose and thymosin-α1. By performing experiments of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) we show that TSH, MMI and C10, which inhibit MHC class I expression, act on the "tissue-specific" region increasing the formation of a silencer complex. Glucose and thymosin-α1, which stimulate MHC class I expression, act decreasing the formation of this complex. We further show that the silencer complex is formed by two distinct members of the transcription factors families activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), c-jun and p65, respectively. These observations are important in order to understand the regulation of MHC class I gene expression in thyroid cells and its involvement in the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesidio Giuliani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cesidio Giuliani,
| | - Sara Verrocchio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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14
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Abstract
Subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis exacerbates after delivery through immune rebound mechanisms and results in 5 types of thyroid dysfunction. The prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction is around 5% in mothers in the general population. Typically, an exacerbation induces destructive thyrotoxicosis followed by transient hypothyroidism, known as postpartum thyroiditis. Late development of permanent hypothyroidism is found frequently and patients should be followed up once every one to two years. Destructive thyrotoxicosis in postpartum thyroiditis should carefully be differentiated from post-partum Graves' disease. Postpartum thyroiditis typically occurs 1-4 months after parturition whereas Graves' disease develops at 4-12 months postpartum. Anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) are typically positive and thyroid blood flow is high in Graves' disease, whereas these features are absent in postpartum thyroiditis. Postpartum Graves' disease should be treated with antithyroid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Amino
- Amino Thyroid Research Laboratory, 5-60-38 Nanpeidai, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-1042, Japan.
| | - Naoko Arata
- Division of Maternal Medicine, Center for Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, 1578535, Japan.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Vasileiou
- National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK
| | - James Gilbert
- National Guideline Alliance, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
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16
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Walkden H, Delbaz A, Nazareth L, Batzloff M, Shelper T, Beacham IR, Chacko A, Shah M, Beagley KW, Tello Velasquez J, St John JA, Ekberg JAK. Burkholderia pseudomallei invades the olfactory nerve and bulb after epithelial injury in mice and causes the formation of multinucleated giant glial cells in vitro. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008017. [PMID: 31978058 PMCID: PMC7002012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious disease melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is characterised by high mortality and morbidity and can involve the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously discovered that B. pseudomallei can infect the CNS via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves in mice. We have shown that the nerve path is dependent on mouse strain, with outbred mice showing resistance to olfactory nerve infection. Damage to the nasal epithelium by environmental factors is common, and we hypothesised that injury to the olfactory epithelium may increase the vulnerability of the olfactory nerve to microbial insult. We therefore investigated this, using outbred mice that were intranasally inoculated with B. pseudomallei, with or without methimazole-induced injury to the olfactory neuroepithelium. Methimazole-mediated injury resulted in increased B. pseudomallei invasion of the olfactory epithelium, and only in pre-injured animals were bacteria found in the olfactory nerve and bulb. In vitro assays demonstrated that B. pseudomallei readily infected glial cells isolated from the olfactory and trigeminal nerves (olfactory ensheathing cells and trigeminal Schwann cells, respectively). Bacteria were degraded by some cells but persisted in other cells, which led to the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), with olfactory ensheathing cells less likely to form MNGCs than Schwann cells. Double Cap mutant bacteria, lacking the protein BimA, did not form MNGCs. These data suggest that injuries to the olfactory epithelium expose the primary olfactory nervous system to bacterial invasion, which can then result in CNS infection with potential pathogenic consequences for the glial cells. Infections of the central nervous system (CNS), though uncommon, are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, can infect the CNS. We have shown that B. pseudomallei can enter the CNS via peripheral nerves extending between the nasal cavity and the brain (bypassing the blood-brain/blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers). In the current study, we show that prior injury to the olfactory epithelium can increase B. pseudomallei invasion of the olfactory nerve and bulb, highlighting a novel risk factor for CNS infections. We also demonstrate the ability of peripheral nerve glia to internalise B. pseudomallei, resulting in the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), dependent on the bacterial protein BimA. These findings provide important new insights into the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Walkden
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Ali Delbaz
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Michael Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Todd Shelper
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Ifor R. Beacham
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Anu Chacko
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Megha Shah
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - James A. St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Jenny A. K. Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ma H, Yang F, Ding XQ. Inhibition of thyroid hormone signaling protects retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors from cell death in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 31932580 PMCID: PMC6957507 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Dry AMD is characterized by a progressive macular degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, and the RPE oxidative damage/dystrophy is at the core of the disease. Recent population/patients-based studies have shown an association of high free serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels with increased risk of AMD. This work investigated the effects of TH signaling inhibition on RPE and photoreceptor damage/cell death in an oxidative stress-induced mouse model of AMD. TH signaling inhibition was achieved by anti-thyroid drug treatment and oxidative stress was induced by sodium iodate (NaIO3) administration. Mice treated with NaIO3 showed severe RPE and photoreceptor cell death/necroptosis, destruction, oxidative damage, retinal stress, and reduced retinal function. Treatment with anti-thyroid drug protected RPE and photoreceptors from damage/cell death induced by NaIO3, reduced oxidative damage of RPE and photoreceptors, and preserved retinal function. Gene expression analysis showed that the NaIO3-induced RPE/photoreceptor damage/cell death involves multiple mechanisms, including cellular oxidative stress responses, activation of necroptosis/apoptosis signaling, and inflammatory responses. Treatment with anti-thyroid drug abolished these cellular stress/death responses. The findings of this study demonstrate a role of TH signaling in RPE and photoreceptor cell death after oxidative stress challenge, and support a role of TH signaling in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xi-Qin Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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18
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Abbara A, Clarke SA, Brewster R, Simonnard A, Eng PC, Phylactou M, Papadopoulou D, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Sam AH, Wernig F, Jonauskyte E, Comninos AN, Meeran K, Kelsey TW, Dhillo WS. Pharmacodynamic Response to Anti-thyroid Drugs in Graves' Hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:286. [PMID: 32477269 PMCID: PMC7236601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Graves' disease is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism in populations with sufficient dietary iodine intake. Anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) are often used as the initial treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism, however there is a paucity of data relating the dose of ATD therapy to the effect on thyroid hormone levels, increasing the risk of both over- and under-treatment. We aimed to determine the pharmacodynamic response to the ATD carbimazole. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Participants were patients (n = 441) diagnosed with Graves' disease at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust between 2009 and 2018. The main outcome measure was change in thyroid hormone levels in response to ATD. Results: Baseline thyroid hormone levels were positively associated with TSH receptor antibody titres (P < 0.0001). Baseline free triiodothyronine (fT3) were linearly related to free thyroxine (fT4) levels in the hyperthyroid state (fT3 = fT4*0.97-11), and fell proportionately with carbimazole. The percentage falls in fT4 and fT3 per day were associated with carbimazole dose (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of fall in thyroid hormones after the same dose of carbimazole was lower during follow up than at the initiation visit. The fall in thyroid hormone levels approximated to a linear response if assessed at least 3 weeks after commencement of carbimazole. Following withdrawal of antithyroid drug treatment, the risk of relapse was greater in patients with higher initial fT4, initial TSH receptor antibody titre, males, smokers, and British Caucasian ethnicity. Conclusion: We identify a dose-response relationship for fall in thyroid hormones in response to carbimazole to aid in the selection of dose for Graves' hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie A. Clarke
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Brewster
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Simonnard
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pei Chia Eng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Papadopoulou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amir H. Sam
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Wernig
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eliza Jonauskyte
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Meeran
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom W. Kelsey
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Waljit S. Dhillo
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Hidayat M, Chaudhry S, Salman S, Lone KP. Melatonin Prevents Apoptosis In Brains Of Neonates Induced By Maternal Hypothyroidism. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2019; 31:580-585. [PMID: 31933316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of motor neurons may underlie some of the deficits in cognitive functions associated with maternal hypothyroidism during fetal and neonatal period. This experiment was performed to highlight the significance of melatonin intake by the mother in hypothyroid state during gestation and lactation to preserve the integrity of motor neurons in the newborns. METHODS Twelve female Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups, including control (A), hypothyroid (B), melatonin treated hypothyroid (C) and only melatonin treated (D) groups and allowed to conceive. For inducing hypothyroidism, Propylthiouracyl (PTU) was administered in a dose of 15mg/kg/day orally mixed with chow a week before mating and throughout the period of gestation and weaning up till 22nd day after delivery. Melatonin was given in a dose of 10mg/kg/100ml of drinking water. After delivery, 10 neonatal rats from each group were sacrificed on 22nd day of life and blood samples were immediately collected for evaluating serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH. The freshly extracted brains were sliced into two equal parts from the midline. One half was instantly immersed in ice cold phosphate buffered saline and homogenized for extraction of RNA to determine the genetic expressions of caspases 3, 8 and 9. Other half of the brain was instantly immersed in 10% formalin for 2 weeks. After processing of the brain tissue, 5 μm thick sections were sliced and transferred to albumin coated glass slides. They were later stained by Nissl staining technique, visualized and photographed under a research microscope for signs of apoptosis. The mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3, 8, and 9 were analyzed using a real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Serum enzyme analysis showed that the pups of dams taking PTU were severely hypothyroid and melatonin treated rats showed significant restoration of serum thyroid hormone levels. Features of apoptosis and disturbed migration of cells was seen in B group as compared to C group and mRNA levels of caspase-3 and 9 were increased significantly in B group. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin helps to maintain neuronal function in hypothyroid newborn rats by inhibiting apoptosis and improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyah Hidayat
- Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shire Chaudhry
- Research Associates, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sahal Salman
- Research Associates, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Pervez Lone
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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20
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Li D, Li Y, Chen Y, Li H, She Y, Zhang X, Chen S, Chen W, Qiu G, Huang H, Zhang S. Neuroprotection of reduced thyroid hormone with increased estrogen and progestogen in postpartum depression. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182382. [PMID: 31406011 PMCID: PMC6722490 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common serious mental health problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that hormone therapy serves as a promising therapeutic approach in managing PPD. The present study aims at exploring the role of thyroid hormone (TH), estrogen and progestogen in patients with PPD.Methods: Initially, PPD patients were enrolled and a PPD mouse model was established. The serum levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were subsequently measured. Next, in order to identify the effects of TH, estrogen and progestogen on PPD progression, mice were administrated with E2, P, contraceptives (CA), Euthyrox and methimazole (MMI). Besides, the body weight, activities, basolateral amygdala (BLA) neuron cell structure and the related gene expression of mice were analyzed.Results: The PPD patients and the mice showed elevated serum levels of T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 along with diminished E2, P and TSH levels. In the mice administered with a combination of E2, P, and MMI, decreased TH and increased estrogen and progestogen were detected, which resulted in increased body weight, normal activities, and BLA neuron cell structure. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) were both up-regulated in PPD mice administrated with a combination of E2, P, and MMI, which was accompanied by decreased TH and elevated estrogen and progestogen.Conclusion: Taken together, reduced TH combined with enhanced estrogen and progestogen confers neuroprotection in PPD, highlighting a potential target in prevention and treatment of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Yangyao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Ji-Nan University Medical College, Guangzhou 510220, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Nursing, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Ji-Nan University Medical College, Guangzhou 510220, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi She
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Xialan Zhang
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Ji-Nan University Medical College, Guangzhou 510220, P.R. China
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21
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Effraimidis G. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Predictive scores in autoimmune thyroid disease: are they useful? Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 181:R119-R131. [PMID: 31137010 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prediction models are of a great assistance for predicting the development of a disease, detecting or screening undiagnosed patients, predicting the effectiveness of a treatment and helping toward better decision-making. Recently, three predictive scores in the field of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) have been introduced: The Thyroid Hormones Event Amsterdam (THEA) score: a predictive score of the development of overt AITD, the Graves' Events After Therapy (GREAT) score: a prediction score for the risk of recurrence after antithyroid drugs withdrawal and the Prediction Graves' Orbitopathy (PREDIGO) score: a prediction score for the development of Graves' orbitopathy in newly diagnosed patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. Their construction, clinical applicability, the possible preventative measurements which can be taken to diminish the risks and the potential future developments which can improve the accuracy of the predictive scores are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigoris Effraimidis
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej, Denmark
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22
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Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of many diseases affecting the nervous system in both children and adults has been reported. Some of these diseases are related to endocrine dysfunction, notably of the thyroid axis. Examples in children are attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders, diagnosed but most often affecting the whole life, and multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease in adults. It is becoming increasingly clear that embryonic exposure to thyroid hormone disruptors can lead to short- and long-term consequences, that often escape conventional neonatal diagnosis. Endocrine disruptors comprise a wide range of molecules, plasticizers, some pesticides, surfactants, flame-retardants, etc., many of which can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis or their actions. We here report briefly the history of endocrine disruptors, their properties and the consequences on neuronal development of embryonic exposure to some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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23
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Mohibbullah M, Bashir KMI, Kim SK, Hong YK, Kim A, Ku SK, Choi JS. Protective effects of a mixed plant extracts derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Laminaria japonica on PTU-induced hypothyroidism and liver damages. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12853. [PMID: 31353729 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects of a mixed hot water extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AWE) and Laminaria japonica (LWE), AWE: LWE 85:15 (g/g; AL mix), were investigated against propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Rats were challenged with PTU, resulting in, increased thyroid gland weight, decreased liver weight and antioxidant activities, reduced serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine levels with increased thyroid stimulating hormone levels, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level. However, orally administered AL mix with 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 day-1 , significantly inhibited such abnormalities, dose-dependently. Moreover, PTU-induced abnormal histological architecture of the rat thyroid gland and liver were also significantly ameliorated by an AL mix. The results suggested that, therapeutic use of AL mix for treating hypothyroidism can be characterized by its diversified active ingredients particularly iodine and ferulic acid as confirmed by phytochemical analyses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The AL mix has synergistic effects in modulating thyroid hormone synthesis and preventing liver damages in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. These effects of AL mix are mainly related to its richness specifically in iodine and ferulic acid. The growing interests of iodine and ferulic acid in AL mix are principally due to their beneficial effects in releasing sufficient thyroid hormones in hypothyroid conditions and promoting liver-protective functions through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials, respectively. Moreover, the results of AL mix are well-matched with the effects of standard drug levothyroxine in the present study. Therefore, appropriate dosage of AL mix will be promising as new medicinal food for preventing thyroid dysfunctions and its related liver damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohibbullah
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Extremophiles and Microbiology, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kew Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Center, Silla University, MIZ Bio Health Care Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andre Kim
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Yoshihara A, Luo Y, Ishido Y, Usukura K, Oda K, Sue M, Kawashima A, Hiroi N, Suzuki K. Inhibitory effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil on iodotyrosine deiodinase 1 in thyrocytes. Endocr J 2019; 66:349-357. [PMID: 30814441 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are commonly used for the treatment of Graves' disease. They share similar inhibitory effects on thyroid hormone biosynthesis by interfering with thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-mediated oxidation and organification of iodine. However, their potential effects on other thyroid functional molecules have not been explored in depth. To identify novel effects of MMI and PTU, DNA microarray analysis, real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed using FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. DNA microarray analysis indicated that both MMI and PTU suppress iodotyrosine deiodinase 1 (Iyd, Dehal1) mRNA levels. Further studies revealed that Dehal1 mRNA levels was stimulated by TSH, insulin and serum, while it was suppressed by iodine and a follicular concentration of thyroglobulin. MMI and PTU significantly suppressed Dehal1 expression induced by TSH, insulin and serum. On the other hand, although MMI suppressed Dehal1 expression in the absence of TSH, PTU only weakly suppressed Dehal1 without TSH. These results suggest that PTU and MMI may use different mechanisms to regulate Dehal1 expression, and TSH may play essential and differential roles in mediating PTU and MMI signals in thyrocytes. The drugs also inhibited re-distribution of Dehal1 protein into newly formed lysosomes following thyroglobulin endocytosis. These findings imply complex and multifaceted regulation of Dehal1 in the thyroid and suggest that MMI and PTU modulate Dehal1 expression and distribution of the protein in thyrocytes to exert their effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Sumida, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Yuqian Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kensei Usukura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Oda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Sumida, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Mariko Sue
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Akira Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiroi
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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25
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Gunin AG, Golubtsova NN, Kravtsova OA, Subbotkin AS, Subbotkina NO, Filippov FN. Number, Proliferative Activity, and Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Dermal Fibroblasts in Mice with Changed Thyroid Status. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:797-801. [PMID: 31028589 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the intensity of age-specific changes in the dermis (number and proliferative activity of fibroblasts) in mice with normal and experimentally changed level of thyroid hormones. Receptors of thyroid hormones, TR-α and TR-β, in mouse dermal fibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical methods. The relative expression of Thra, Thrb, and Dio2 genes was assessed by real-time PCR analysis. From the second to fifth month of life, the number of fibroblasts in the connective tissue layer of mouse skin decreased by 42.3%. The number of fibroblasts in the dermis of 5-month-old mice treated with Thyrozol significantly decreases by 25.9% (p<0.05), and vice versa, in mice receiving thyroxin this parameter increased by 4.7% in comparison with the control (p>0.05). TR-α and TR-β were identified in dermal fibroblasts in all groups of mice. No differences in the content TR-α and Thra gene expression in 2- and 5-month-old mice of the control and experimental were revealed. TR-β content in dermal fibroblasts of 2-month-old animals was maximum and exceeded this value in 5-month-old control mice by 25%. The number of these receptors decreased by 33.3% in mice treated with Thyrozol and increased by 25% in animals receiving thyroxin injection in comparison with the control. Relative expression of Thrb gene significantly increased only in mice treated with thyroxin. Comparative analysis of the relative expression of Dio2 gene revealed no differences between the experimental and control groups. Changes in the level of thyroid hormones, content of TR-β, and relative Thrb gene expression contribute to agerelated shifts in the number and proliferative activity of mouse dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Gunin
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia.
| | - N N Golubtsova
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| | - O A Kravtsova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - A S Subbotkin
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| | - N O Subbotkina
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
| | - F N Filippov
- I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
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26
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Gallant MJ, Hogan NS. Developmental expression profiles and thyroidal regulation of cytokines during metamorphosis in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 263:62-71. [PMID: 29656046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life-stages of amphibians rely on the innate immune system for defense against pathogens. While thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for metamorphosis and later development of the adaptive immune system, the role of TH in innate immune system development is less clear. An integral part of the innate immune response are pro-inflammatory cytokines - effector molecules that allow communication between components of the immune system. The objective of this study was to characterize the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), throughout amphibian development and determine the impacts of thyroidal modulation on their expression. Xenopus laevis were sampled at various stages of development encompassing early embryogenesis to late prometamorphosis and cytokine expression was measured by real-time PCR. Expression of TNFα and IL-1β were transient over development, increasing with developmental stage, while IFN-γ remained relatively stable. Functionally athyroid, premetamorphic tadpoles were exposed to thyroxine (0.5 and 2 μg/L) or sodium perchlorate (125 and 500 μg/L) for seven days. Tadpoles demonstrated characteristic responses of advanced development with thyroxine exposure and delayed development (although to a lesser extent) and increased thyroid gland area and follicular cell height with sodium perchlorate exposure. Exposure to thyroxine for two days resulted in decreased expression of IL-1β in tadpole trunks. Sodium perchlorate had negligible effects on cytokine expression. Overall, these results demonstrate that cytokine transcript levels vary with stage of tadpole development but that their ontogenic regulation is not likely exclusively influenced by thyroid status. Understanding the direct and indirect effects of altered hormone status may provide insight into potential mechanisms of altered immune function during amphibian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Gallant
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Natacha S Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Yang R, Yao L, Fang Y, Sun J, Guo T, Yang K, Tian L. The relationship between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of fracture or low bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:209-220. [PMID: 28357593 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the risk of fractures or low bone mineral density (BMD) associated with subclinical thyroid dysfunction among cohorts. We systematically searched Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CENTRAL and SinoMed up to 31 July 2016 to identify cohort studies which have analyzed associations between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fracture or BMD. A total of 19 population-based cohorts including 79,368 participants with relationships between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fractures or BMD were identified as eligible for this meta-analysis. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with relative risks (RRs) of 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 1.58; I 2 = 32%) for hip fracture, 1.27 (95% CI 1.02, 1.58; I 2 = 51.9%) for any location of fracture, and 1.25 (95% CI 1.04, 1.50) for forearm fracture. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with RRs of 1.71 (95% CI 1.06, 2.76; I 2 = 0.0%) for spine fracture, 1.20 (95% CI 1.03, 1.39; I 2 = 0.0%) for non-spine fracture, 1.44 (95% CI 1.21, 1.71; I 2 = 0.0%) for hip fracture, and 1.38 (95% CI 1.21, 1.58; I 2 = 0.0%) for any location of fracture. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to whether thyroid/anti-thyroid drug users were excluded or not and the results were similar. The change in BMD at the hip (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.060, 95% CI -0.116, -0.004; I 2 = 0.0%) and femoral neck (WMD = -0.046, 95% CI -0.077, -0.015; I 2 = 0.0%) was significantly decreased in the subclinical hyperthyroidism group compared with the euthyroidism groups in females. We failed to find any associations between the change in BMD and subclinical hypothyroidism. The overall quality of evidence was low in all outcomes. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were associated with an increased risk of fractures. Although subclinical hyperthyroidism was related to reduced BMD, no evidence could prove a definite association between subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Institution of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yao
- Institution of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Institution of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Institution of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Gansu Provincial Hospital, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Huang H, Shi Y, Liang B, Cai H, Cai Q. Iodinated TG in Thyroid Follicles Regulate TSH/TSHR Signaling for NIS Expression. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:206-213. [PMID: 28396984 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research has suggested that high degree of iodinated thyroglobulin (TG) may inhibit the expression and function of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In present study, we discuss a newly constructed follicle model in vitro, which was used to simulate the follicular structure of the thyroid and explore the regulatory roles of iodinated TG in the follicular lumen on NIS expression. The results showed that both NIS expression and PKA activity were increased in lowly iodinated TG group, while decreased NIS expression with increased PKC activity was found in highly iodinated TG group. Also, NIS expression was increased in PKA agonist-treated group, while decreased NIS was found in PKC agonist-treated group. Moreover, when the PLC-PKC pathway was blocked by PKC-specific inhibitor, highly iodinated TG significantly promoted the expression of NIS. However, when the cAMP-PKA pathway was blocked by a PKA-specific blocker, highly iodinated TG slightly suppressed NIS expression. TG with a low degree of iodination had the reverse effect on NIS. When the PLC-PKC pathway was blocked, TG with a low degree of iodination slightly promoted NIS expression. However, when the cAMP-PKA pathway was blocked, TG with a low degree of iodination greatly inhibited NIS expression. All these suggested that iodinated TG inhibited the expression of NIS by PLC-PKC pathway and promoted NIS expression via the cAMP-PKA pathway. When highly iodinated TG was present, the PLC-PKC pathway became dominant. In the presence of lowly iodinated TG, the cAMP-PKA became the major pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxiong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyao Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
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Laurino A, Landucci E, Resta F, De Siena G, Matucci R, Masi A, Raimondi L. 3-Iodothyroacetic acid (TA 1), a by-product of thyroid hormone metabolism, reduces the hypnotic effect of ethanol without interacting at GABA-A receptors. Neurochem Int 2017; 115:31-36. [PMID: 29032008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) is among the by-products of thyroid hormone metabolism suspected to mediate the non-genomic effects of the hormone (T3). We aim to investigate whether TA1 systemically administered to mice stimulated mice wakefulness, an effect already described for T3 and for another T3 metabolite (i.e. 3-iodothryonamine; T1AM), and whether TA1 interacted at GABA-A receptors (GABA-AR). Mice were pre-treated with either saline (vehicle) or TA1 (1.32, 4 and 11 μg/kg) and, after 10 min, they received ethanol (3.5 g/kg, i.p.). In another set of experiments, TA1 was administered 5 min after ethanol. The latency of sleep onset and the time of sleep duration were recorded. Voltage-clamp experiments to evaluate the effect of 1 μM TA1 on bicuculline-sensitive currents in acute rat hippocampal slice neurons and binding experiments evaluating the capacity of 1, 10, 100 μM TA1 to displace [3H]flumazenil from mice brain membranes were also performed. 4 μg/kg TA1 increases the latency of onset and at 1.32 and 4 μg/kg it reduces the duration of ethanol-induced sleep only if administered before ethanol. TA1 does not functionally interact at GABA-AR. Overall these results indicate a further similarity between the pharmacological profile of TA1 and that of T1AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Dept. of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Siena
- Dept. of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Olivares-Trigo P, Peña CF, Cavieres MF. A simple short term method to study thyroid disruption using a fetal rat thyroid culture. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 88:19-24. [PMID: 28476565 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid modulation activity has not been investigated for many chemical substances. Due to ethical, practical and financial reasons, in vivo evaluation of a large number of compounds is not feasible. It has been proposed that an in vitro mechanism-based strategy could be more adequate for the identification of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals. Here we describe a simple and mostly inexpensive, short term culture assay to study thyroid disruption. METHODS Fetal thyroids collected from gestation day 20.5 were cultured up to 24h in Hank's saline solution, at 37°C with oxygenation at 0 and 12h. Viability of the cultured explants was evaluated by the MTT assay. Positive (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) and negative (6-propyl-2-thiouracil, PTU) modulation of cultured thyroids was assessed with morphometrical analysis of H & E stained gland sections. Thyroxine expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Viability was shown to increase with time of culture with higher metabolic activity being achieved at 24h as compared to shorter periods of incubation. Follicular epithelial cells exhibited a statistically significant dependence on thyrotropin concentration, although more evident in the inner than in the outer portion of the glands. As expected, TSH induced expression of thyroxin while PTU inhibited it. DISCUSSION GD20.5 fetal thyroids may be cultured up to 24h under relatively simple laboratory conditions during which viability and function of the gland are preserved showing that it is possible to reproduce in vivo response under in vitro conditions. This culture could be a suitable short term assay to study mechanism of thyroid disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Olivares-Trigo
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, CHILE, Av Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Camilo Fuentes Peña
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, CHILE, Av Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - María Fernanda Cavieres
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, CHILE, Av Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Abstract
A case is reported of a patient who presented to his family doctor with a short history of cough with signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Carbimazole treatment had little effect and his symptoms worsened to include severe shortness of breath. He was investigated further and found to have multiple lung and liver metastases from an unknown primary site. Biopsy and subsequent post-mortem investigations revealed a testicular tumour and a grossly elevated serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) concentration. The biochemical and clinical thyrotoxicosis is presumed to be due to the thyrotrophic activity of excess hCG secretion, in a situation analogous to that seen in hydatidiform mole or in hyperemesis gravidarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Tilbrook
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital Services, NHS Trust Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 5ET, Essex, UK.
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Mortensen ME, Birch R, Wong LY, Valentin-Blasini L, Boyle EB, Caldwell KL, Merrill LS, Moye J, Blount BC. Thyroid antagonists and thyroid indicators in U.S. pregnant women in the Vanguard Study of the National Children's Study. Environ Res 2016; 149:179-188. [PMID: 27208469 PMCID: PMC4907850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sodium iodide-symporter (NIS) mediates uptake of iodide into thyroid follicular cells. This key step in thyroid hormone synthesis is inhibited by perchlorate, thiocyanate (SCN) and nitrate (NO3) anions. When these exposures occur during pregnancy the resulting decreases in thyroid hormones may adversely affect neurodevelopment of the human fetus. Our objectives were to describe and examine the relationship of these anions to the serum thyroid indicators, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), in third trimester women from the initial Vanguard Study of the National Children's Study (NCS); and to compare urine perchlorate results with those in pregnant women from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). Urinary perchlorate, SCN, NO3, and iodine, serum TSH, FT4, and cotinine were measured and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to pregnant women enrolled in the initial Vanguard Study. We used multiple regression models of FT4 and TSH that included perchlorate equivalent concentration (PEC, which estimates combined inhibitory effects of the anions perchlorate, SCN, and NO3 on the NIS). We used multiple regression to model predictors of each urinary anion, using FFQ results, drinking water source, season of year, smoking status, and demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics were calculated for pregnant women in NHANES 2001-2012. The geometric mean (GM) for urinary perchlorate was 4.04µg/L, for TSH 1.46mIU/L, and the arithmetic mean for FT4 1.11ng/dL in 359 NCS women. In 330 women with completed FFQs, consumption of leafy greens, winter season, and Hispanic ethnicity were significant predictors of higher urinary perchlorate, which differed significantly by study site and primary drinking water source, and bottled water was associated with higher urinary perchlorate compared to filtered tap water. Leafy greens consumption was associated with higher urinary NO3 and higher urinary SCN. There was no association between urinary perchlorate or PEC and TSH or FT4, even for women with urinary iodine <100µg/L. GM urinary perchlorate concentrations in the full sample (n=494) of third trimester NCS women (4.03µg/L) were similar to pregnant women in NHANES (3.58µg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Mortensen
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | | | - Lee-Yang Wong
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Liza Valentin-Blasini
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - John Moye
- NCS Program Office, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Abstract
The effect of hyper or hypoactive thyroid on the renal toxicity of arsenic trioxide has been studied in rats. It was observed that pre-treatment of rats with thyroxine stimulates arsenic excretion in urine. The anti-thyroid drug n-propylthiouracil (PTU), inhibits the accumulation of arsenic in renal tissue. Both treatments affect the renal pathology. Histopathological lesions are less severe in PTU and arsenic-treated rats in comparison to thyroxine and arsenic-treated rats. Ultrastructural studies support light microscopical observations. An adaptive response was noticed against arsenic in PTU pre-treated rats. We attribute this response to decreased glutathione-S-transferase (GSH) activity and increased GSH synthesis in the kidney. A relationship between thyroidal activity and arsenic toxicity is suggested by present observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V S Rana
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology Laboratory, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut-250004, India.
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Suzuki S, Ogawa M, Ohta S, Arima K, Nunomura S, Nanri Y, Mitamura Y, Yoshihara T, Nakamura Y, Yamauchi K, Chibana K, Ishii Y, Lee JJ, Aratani Y, Kakuta S, Kubo S, Iwakura Y, Yoshida H, Izuhara K. The potential for repositioning antithyroid agents as antiasthma drugs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1458-1461.e8. [PMID: 27444178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Suzuki
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | | | | | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Chibana
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Yasuaki Aratani
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
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Erem C, Civan N, Coskun H, Mentese A, Suleyman AK, Altay DU, Akgul Z, Deger O. Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) levels in patients with overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism: effects of treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:919-24. [PMID: 26417836 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) has been shown to increase in parallel with platelet activation in acute ischaemic and thrombotic diseases. There has been no study evaluating SCUBE1 levels in patients with overt hyperthyroidism (OHyper) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper), conditions which are known to show impairment of both endothelial and platelet function. This study sought to evaluate SCUBE1 concentrations in patients with SHyper and OHyper, and assessed the effects of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy on circulating SCUBE1 levels. DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-five untreated patients with OHyper, 20 untreated patients with SHyper and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively included in the study. Biochemical and hormonal parameters were evaluated in all patients before and after treatment. RESULTS Compared with the control subjects, SCUBE1 levels were significantly increased in patients with SHyper and OHyper (P < 0·0001 and P = 0·002, respectively). SCUBE1 levels were not significantly different in patients with OHyper compared with patients with SHyper. There was no significant correlation between serum thyroid hormones and SCUBE1 levels. Plasma SCUBE1 levels decreased significantly in both OHyper and SHyper after ATD treatment (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Increased SCUBE1 levels in both SHyper and OHyper patients may reflect increased platelet activation and possible endothelial dysfunction, which might augment the risk for atherosclerotic and atherothrombotic complications. SCUBE1 may be used as a reliable marker of endothelial damage in hyperthyroidism, especially in the subclinical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihangir Erem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nadim Civan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hulya Coskun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Akile Karacin Suleyman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Akgul
- Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Orhan Deger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
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Hu F, Knoedler JR, Denver RJ. A Mechanism to Enhance Cellular Responsivity to Hormone Action: Krüppel-Like Factor 9 Promotes Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β Autoinduction During Postembryonic Brain Development. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1683-93. [PMID: 26886257 PMCID: PMC4816725 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (TR)-β (trb) is induced by TH (autoinduced) in Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis. We previously showed that Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is rapidly induced by TH in the tadpole brain, associates in chromatin with the trb upstream region in a developmental stage and TH-dependent manner, and forced expression of Klf9 in the Xenopus laevis cell line XTC-2 accelerates and enhances trb autoinduction. Here we investigated whether Klf9 can promote trb autoinduction in tadpole brain in vivo. Using electroporation-mediated gene transfer, we transfected plasmids into premetamorphic tadpole brain to express wild-type or mutant forms of Klf9. Forced expression of Klf9 increased baseline trb mRNA levels in thyroid-intact but not in goitrogen-treated tadpoles, supporting that Klf9 enhances liganded TR action. As in XTC-2 cells, forced expression of Klf9 enhanced trb autoinduction in tadpole brain in vivo and also increased TH-dependent induction of the TR target genes klf9 and thbzip. Consistent with our previous mutagenesis experiments conducted in XTC-2 cells, the actions of Klf9 in vivo required an intact N-terminal region but not a functional DNA binding domain. Forced expression of TRβ in tadpole brain by electroporation-mediated gene transfer increased baseline and TH-induced TR target gene transcription, supporting a role for trb autoinduction during metamorphosis. Our findings support that Klf9 acts as an accessory transcription factor for TR at the trb locus during tadpole metamorphosis, enhancing trb autoinduction and transcription of other TR target genes, which increases cellular responsivity to further TH action on developmental gene regulation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (F.H., R.J.D.) and Neuroscience Graduate Program (J.R.K., R.J.D.), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Joseph R Knoedler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (F.H., R.J.D.) and Neuroscience Graduate Program (J.R.K., R.J.D.), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Robert J Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (F.H., R.J.D.) and Neuroscience Graduate Program (J.R.K., R.J.D.), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Sharma P, Grabowski TB, Patiño R. Thyroid endocrine disruption and external body morphology of Zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 226:42-9. [PMID: 26723187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects thyroid-active compounds during early development on body morphology of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three-day postfertilization (dpf) larvae were exposed to goitrogen [methimazole (MZ, 0.15mM)], combination of MZ (0.15mM) and thyroxine (T4, 2nM), T4 (2nM), or control (reconstituted water) treatments until 33dpf and subsequently maintained in reconstituted water until 45dpf. Samples were taken at 33 and 45dpf for multivariate analysis of geometric distances between selected homologous landmarks placed on digital images of fish, and for histological assessment of thyrocytes. Body mass, standard length, and pectoral fin length were separately measured on remaining fish at 45dpf. Histological analysis confirmed the hypothyroid effect (increased thyrocyte height) of MZ and rescue effect of T4 co-administration. Geometric distance analysis showed that pectoral and pelvic fins shifted backward along the rostrocaudal axis under hypothyroid conditions at 45dpf and that T4 co-treatment prevented this shift. Pectoral fin length at 45dpf was reduced by exposure to MZ and rescued by co-administration of T4, but it was not associated with standard length. Methimazole caused a reduction in body mass and length at 45dpf that could not be rescued by T4 co-administration, and non-thyroidal effects of MZ on body shape were also recognized at 33 and 45dpf. Alterations in the length and position of paired fins caused by exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals during early development, as shown here for Zebrafish, could affect physical aspects of locomotion and consequently other important organismal functions such as foraging, predator avoidance, and ultimately survival and recruitment into the adult population. Results of this study also suggest the need to include rescue treatments in endocrine disruption studies that rely on goitrogens as reference for thyroid-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2120, USA
| | - Timothy B Grabowski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2120, USA
| | - Reynaldo Patiño
- U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2120, USA.
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39
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Jung B, Ku SK, Bae JS. Ameliorative effect of methylthiouracil on TGFBIp-induced septic responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:661-6. [PMID: 26043683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea.
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40
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Lazcano I, Cabral A, Uribe RM, Jaimes-Hoy L, Perello M, Joseph-Bravo P, Sánchez-Jaramillo E, Charli JL. Fasting Enhances Pyroglutamyl Peptidase II Activity in Tanycytes of the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of Male Adult Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2713-23. [PMID: 25942072 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fasting down-regulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis activity through a reduction of TRH synthesis in neurons of the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). These TRH neurons project to the median eminence (ME), where TRH terminals are close to the cytoplasmic extensions of β2 tanycytes. Tanycytes express pyroglutamyl peptidase II (PPII), the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme that controls the amount of TRH that reaches the anterior pituitary. We tested the hypothesis that regulation of ME PPII activity is another mechanism by which fasting affects the activity of the HPT axis. Semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry data indicated that PPII and deiodinase 2 mRNA levels increased in tanycytes after 48 hours of fasting. This increase was transitory, followed by an increase of PPII activity in the ME, and a partial reversion of the reduction in PVN pro-TRH mRNA levels and the number of TRH neurons detected by immunohistochemistry. In fed animals, adrenalectomy and corticosterone treatment did not change ME PPII activity 72 hours later. Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism produced a profound drop in tanycytes PPII mRNA levels, which was reverted by 3 days of treatment with T4. The activity of thyroliberinase, the serum isoform of PPII, was increased at most fasting time points studied. We conclude that delayed increases in both the ME PPII as well as the thyroliberinase activities in fasted male rats may facilitate the maintenance of the deep down-regulation of the HPT axis function, despite a partial reactivation of TRH expression in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Lazcano
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Rosa María Uribe
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Mario Perello
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Edith Sánchez-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular (I.L., R.M.U., L.J.-H., P.J.-B., J.-L.C.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México; Laboratory of Neurophysiology (A.C., M.P.), Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (Argentine Research Council and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina; and Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias (E.S.-J.), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México D.F. 14370, México
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Harvengt J, Boizeau P, Chevenne D, Zenaty D, Paulsen A, Simon D, Guilmin Crepon S, Alberti C, Carel JC, Léger J. Triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease in childhood: detection and therapeutic implications. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:715-23. [PMID: 25766047 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess in a pediatric population, the clinical characteristics and management of triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease (T3-P-GD), a rare condition well known in adults, but not previously described in children. DESIGN We conducted a university hospital-based observational study. METHODS All patients with GD followed for more than 1 year between 2003 and 2013 (n=60) were included. T3-P-GD (group I) was defined as high free T3 (fT3) concentration (>8.0 pmol/l) associated with a normal free thyroxine (fT4) concentration and undetectable TSH more than 1 month after the initiation of antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment. Group II contained patients with classical GD without T3-P-GD. RESULTS Eight (13%) of the patients were found to have T3-P-GD, a median of 6.3 (3.0-10.5) months after initial diagnosis (n=4) or 2.8 (2.0-11.9) months after the first relapse after treatment discontinuation (n=4). At GD diagnosis, group I patients were more likely to be younger (6.8 (4.3-11.0) vs 10.7 (7.2-13.7) years) and had more severe disease than group II patients, with higher serum TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) levels: 40 (31-69) vs 17 (8-25) IU/l, P<0.04, and with slightly higher serum fT4 (92 (64-99) vs 63 (44-83) pmol/l) and fT3 (31 (30-46) vs 25 (17-31) pmol/l) concentrations. During the 3 years following T3-P-GD diagnosis, a double dose of ATD was required and median serum fT4:fT3 ratio remained lower in group I than in group II. CONCLUSION Severe hyperthyroidism, with particularly high TRAb concentrations at diagnosis, may facilitate the identification of patients requiring regular serum fT3 determinations and potentially needing higher doses of ATD dosage during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Harvengt
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Boizeau
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Didier Chevenne
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Zenaty
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Anne Paulsen
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guilmin Crepon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Alberti
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Léger
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Unité 1141, DHU Protect, F-75019 Paris, FranceINSERMCIC 1426, UMR 1123, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de Biochimie-HormonologieAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisUnité d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a rare case of erythrocytosis that occurred in close association with Graves' hyperthyroidism. In order to explore the role of altered erythropoiesis in hyperthyroidism, factors related to erythropoiesis were studied in 30 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. METHOD The relationship between thyroid hormone level and erythrocytosis was studied in a patient with Graves' hyperthyroidism and erythrocytosis. Later, 30 consecutive patients with proven untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All patients received methimazole therapy. Erythrocyte indices, thyroid function, serum erythropoietin (EPO), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) concentrations were measured before and after eight weeks of therapy. RESULTS In our case study, erythrocytosis relapsed with elevation of thyroid hormones. Methimazole or subsequent radioiodine therapy reduced the conditions of erythrocytosis and thyroid function returned to normal. In the clinical study, erythrocyte counts, serum erythropoietin, and HIF-1α levels in the hyperthyroid group were significantly higher than those in the control subjects. All subjects were grouped together for correlation analyses and HIF-1α was shown to correlate with total triiodothyronine (TT(3)), total thyroxine (TT(4)), and EPO levels. The correlation between EPO and TT(3) or TT(4) approached significance. After eight weeks of anti-thyroid drug therapy, a small but statistically significant increase in hemoglobin and erythrocyte count with a significant decrease in HIF-1α and EPO level was seen in hyperthyroid subjects. CONCLUSION Erythrocytosis may appear in patients with hyperthyroidism, and one possible mechanism is thyroid hormone-induced augmentation of HIF-1α, resulting in increased EPO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Liya Fan
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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Bansal R, Tighe D, Danai A, Rawn DFK, Gaertner DW, Arnold DL, Gilbert ME, Zoeller RT. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (DE-71) interferes with thyroid hormone action independent of effects on circulating levels of thyroid hormone in male rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4104-12. [PMID: 25060363 PMCID: PMC4164921 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely found in human tissues including cord blood and breast milk. PBDEs may interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) during development, which could produce neurobehavioral deficits. An assumption in experimental and epidemiological studies is that PBDE effects on serum TH levels will reflect PBDE effects on TH action in tissues. To test whether this assumption is correct, we performed the following experiments. First, five concentrations of diphenyl ether (0-30 mg/kg) were fed daily to pregnant rats to postnatal day 21. PBDEs were measured in dam liver and heart to estimate internal dose. The results were compared with a separate study in which four concentrations of propylthiouracil (PTU; 0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm) was provided to pregnant rats in drinking water for the same duration as for diphenyl ether. PBDE exposure reduced serum T4 similar in magnitude to PTU, but serum TSH was not elevated by PBDE. PBDE treatment did not affect the expression of TH response genes in the liver or heart as did PTU treatment. PTU treatment reduced T4 in liver and heart, but PBDE treatment reduced T4 only in the heart. Tissue PBDEs were in the micrograms per gram lipid range, only slightly higher than observed in human fetal tissues. Thus, PBDE exposure reduces serum T4 but does not produce effects on tissues typical of low TH produced by PTU, demonstrating that the effects of chemical exposure on serum T4 levels may not always be a faithful proxy measure of chemical effects on the ability of thyroid hormone to regulate development and adult physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Bansal
- Department of Biology (R.B., D.T., A.D., T.Z.) and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program (T.Z.), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products, and Food Branch (D.F.K.R., D.W.G., D.L.A.), Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9; and Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G.), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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Perona M, Dagrosa MA, Pagotto R, Casal M, Pignataro O, Pisarev MA, Juvenal GJ. Protective effect of an antithyroid compound against γ-radiation-induced damage in human colon cancer cells. Radiat Environ Biophys 2014; 53:611-619. [PMID: 24811726 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the radioprotective effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) on thyroid cells. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether tumor cells and normal cells demonstrate the same response to PTU. Human colon carcinoma cells were irradiated with γ-irradiation with or without PTU. We evaluated the clonogenic survival, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and apoptosis by nuclear cell morphology and caspase-3 activity assays. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. PTU treatment increased surviving cell fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) from 56.9 ± 3.6 in controls to 75.0 ± 3.5 (p < 0.05) and diminished radiation-induced apoptosis. In addition, we observed that the level of antioxidant enzymes' activity was increased in cells treated with PTU. Moreover, pretreatment with PTU increased intracellular levels of cAMP. Forskolin (p < 0.01) and dibutyryl cAMP (p < 0.05) mimicked the effect of PTU on SF2. Co-treatment with H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, abolished the radioprotective effect of PTU. PTU reduces the toxicity of ionizing radiation by increasing cAMP levels and also possibly through a reduction in apoptosis levels and in radiation-induced oxidative stress damage. We therefore conclude that PTU protects both normal and cancer cells during exposure to radiation in conditions mimicking the radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Perona
- Department of Radiobiology (CAC), National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Available data from in vitro studies show that thyroid hormones (THs) regulate herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene expression and may modulate latency/reactivation of the virus. Whether infectivity of the virus is also affected by THs is not known. Using animal models (in vivo study) and Vero cell culture (in vitro study), we examined the effects of alterations in THs level on HSV-1 infectivity. METHODS Rats were rendered hypo- and hyperthyroid by daily addition of methimazole and l-thyroxine into their drinking water, respectively. Euthyroid animals served as control. All animals were given a single dose of HSV-1 (10(7)TCID50, ip) and sacrificed 3 d later. The spleen of the animals was then removed and viral particles were recovered from the tissue extract through aseptic procedures. Serial dilution of the extracts was prepared and added to Vero cell culture. For the in vitro study, the cultures were pretreated with l-thyroxine and the viral particles were then added. Virus titration was determined by Reed-Muench quantal assay. RESULTS The viral load of spleen in hyperthyroid rats was significantly lower (1000-fold) than that of the euthyroid rats. Similarly, in vitro presence of supraphysiologic levels of l-thyroxine in the culture media of Vero cells decreased virus infectivity. Interestingly, hypothyroid animals showed a significant increase (10-fold) in spleen viral load as compared to that of their euthyroid counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly show that the HSV-1 infectivity is affected by THs, and suggest that THs or their analogs may have a potential application in prevention and/or treatment of viral infections.
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Gorodetskaia IV, Gusakova EA. [Effect of iodine-containing thyroid hormones on the histostructure of rat liver under the stress]. Tsitologiia 2014; 56:225-233. [PMID: 25509419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Experiments with 130 outbred male rats weighing 220-250 g have show that stress "free swimming in a cage" (FSC) affects the histological structure of the liver as early as in 1 h. FSC occurred in standard plastic cages (5 animals) filled with water to a height of 15 cm and topped with a grid. One hour after FSC (the alarm-stage) caused dystrophy of hepatocytes and increased blood flow to the liver lobules, which also continued at the resistance-stage (48 h after the FSC). At the exhaustion-stage (daily 1-hour stress for 10 days) there were even greater hepatocytes dystrophy, necrosis, and their microcirculatory disturbances in the lobules. The introduction of merkazolil (intragastrically 25 mg/kg for 20 days) per se altered the histostructure of the liver tissue and under stress aggravates the microcirculatory changes, dystrophy and necrosis of the hepatocytes. Small doses of L-thyroxine (intragastrically 1.5-3.0 μg/kg for 28 days) minimized the histological signes of the liver damage at all stages of the stress response. Consequently, the iodine-containing thyroid hormones limit the disturbance of the microstructure of the liver caused by stress.
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Alva-Sanchez C, Rodriguez A, Villanueva I, Anguiano B, Aceves C, Pacheco-Rosado J. The NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 abolishes the increase in both p53 and Bax/Bcl2 index induced by adult-onset hypothyroidism in rat. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2014; 74:111-7. [PMID: 24718050 DOI: 10.55782/ane-2014-1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism affects neuron population dynamics in the hippocampus of the adult rat, with neuronal damage as the main feature of its effect. This effect is prevented by the blockade of NMDA receptors, which suggests that glutamatergic activity mediates cell death in this condition. Glutamate can also stimulate cell proliferation and survival of newborn neurons, indicating that it can affect different stages of the cell cycle. In this work we measured the expression of specific proteins that control cell proliferation (cycline-D1), cell arrest (p21), damage (p53) or apoptosis (Bax and Bcl2) in the hippocampus of hypothyroid rats treated with the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) blocker MK-801 during the induction of hypothyroidism. The results show that hypothyroidism increases the expression of markers of DNA damage, cell arrest, and apoptosis, but does not affect the marker of cell proliferation. NMDAR blockade prevents the increase on markers of DNA damage and apoptosis, but does not influence cell arrest or cell proliferation. This suggests that hypothyroidism promotes cell death mainly by an excitotoxic effect of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alva-Sanchez
- Department of Physiology "Mauricio Russek" National School of Biological Sciences, IPN, Mexico, DF, Mexico,
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Nakazawa D, Nishio S, Tomaru U, Atsumi T, Ishizu A. [NETs in pathogenesis of vasculitis]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 2014; 56:117-123. [PMID: 24730349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Gorodetskaia IV, Gusakova EA. [Effect of thyroid status on the system proteolysis under stress]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2013; 99:1378-1388. [PMID: 25464768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of merkazolil to in rats (25 mg/kg 20 days), causing reduction of iodine containing thyroid hormones levels (ITH) in the blood, reduces the trypsin-like activity (TLA) and the activity of α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) in the liver and blood; in the alarm-stage of stress reaction (1 hour after swimming in a cage) it defines more pronounced than that in euthyroid animals stimulation of proteolysis due to the decline of α1-AT and α2-MG activity, in stage of resistance (48 hours) it prevents the normalization of TLA, α1-AT and α2-MG activity, which took place in the stress at the euthyrosis; in the stage of exhaustion (1 hour of the stress within 10 days) promotes to the most significant activation of the proteolysis owing to profound inhibition of the α1-AT and α2-MG. The introduction of L-thyroxine (1.5-3.0 μg/kg 28 days) does not change the concentration of ITH in the blood and it does not affect the proteolyis system; in the alarm- and exhaustion stages it limits the increase of the TLA, in the stage of re-istance prevents it, eliminating the depression of aα1AT and aα-MG activity. The results demon-trate a new aspect of the participation of ITH in the body anti-stress system --heir effect on pro-ease/inhibitor system.
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Gorodetskaia IV, Evdokimova OV. [The dependence of lipid peroxidation state and the antioxidant system of the myocardium from the thyroid status during short action of stressors]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2013; 99:1285-1293. [PMID: 25427382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In experiments at 78 adult white outbred male rats were demonstrated that experimental hypothyroidism (injection of 25 mg/kg merkazolil within 20 days) stimulates, while small doses of L-thyroxine (1.5-3.0 μg/kg within 28 days) limit the intensification of lipid peroxidation in the myocardium under short exposure to stressors of a different nature: physical (t 4-5 °C within 30 minutes), chemical (injection of 25% ethanol at a dose of 3.5 g/kg body weight), and emotional (free swimming of rats in the cage within 30 minutes) by influence on the activity of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) components of the antioxidant system.
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