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Zhang H, You G, Yang Q, Jin G, Lv G, Fan L, Chen Y, Li H, Yi S, Li H, Guo N, Liu W, Yang Y. CX3CR1 deficiency promotes resolution of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating homeostatic function of liver infiltrating macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167130. [PMID: 38537684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI) remains to be an unsolved risk factor that contributes to organ failure after liver surgery. Our clinical retrospective study showed that lower donor liver CX3-C chemokine receptor-1(CX3CR1) mRNA expression level were correlated with upregulated pro-resolved macrophage receptor MERTK, as well as promoted restoration efficiency of allograft injury in liver transplant. To further characterize roles of CX3CR1 in regulating resolution of HIRI, we employed murine liver partial warm ischemia-reperfusion model by Wt & Cx3cr1-/- mice and the reperfusion time was prolonged from 6 h to 4-7 days. Kupffer cells(KCs) were depleted by clodronate liposome(CL) in advance to focus on infiltrating macrophages, and repopulation kinetics were determined by FACS, IF and RNA-Seq. CX3CR1 antagonist AZD8797 was injected i.p. to interrogate potential pharmacological therapeutic strategies. In vitro primary bone marrow macrophages(BMMs) culture by LXR agonist DMHCA, as well as molecular and functional studies, were undertaken to dissect roles of CX3CR1 in modulating macrophages cytobiological development and resolutive functions. We observed that deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 facilitated HIRI resolution via promoted macrophages migration in CCR1/CCR5 manner, as well as enhanced MerTK-mediated efferocytosis. Our study demonstrated the critical roles of CX3CR1 in progression of HIRI and identified it as a potential therapeutic target in clinical liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua You
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Surgical and Transplant Intensive Care Unit, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Jin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Lv
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linda Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Yi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Germano DB, Silveira ALPA, Kim YJ, do Amaral JB, Shio MT, da Silva Nali LH, Dos Santos Ferreira CE, Miyahira A, Fonseca FAH, Bachi ALL, Pallos D, França CN. Expression of monocyte chemokine receptors in diabetes after non-surgical periodontal treatment: A pilot study. Cytokine 2024; 178:156579. [PMID: 38471419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment in the expression of chemokine receptors, in individuals with Periodontitis, associated or not with Diabetes. Pilot study, which included patients (n = 45) with Periodontitis, associated (n = 25) or not (n = 20) with Diabetes, submitted to the non-surgical periodontal treatment for one month. The expression of chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 at the mRNA level was evaluated in the peripheral mononuclear cells, as well as the expression of these receptors at the protein level was verified in monocyte subtypes (classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes). There was higher expression of CCR2 and CCR5 receptors at the initial visit in the group with Diabetes, with no differences for CX3CR1 (p = 0.002; p = 0.018, and p = 0.896, respectively), without differences after treatment. There was higher expression of CCR2 and CCR5 proteins in the group with Diabetes at the initial visit for classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, with no differences for CX3CR1 (CCR2: p = 0.004; p = 0.026; p = 0.024; CCR5: 0.045; p = 0.045; p = 0.013; CX3CR1: p = 0.424; p = 0.944; p = 0.392, respectively), without differences after the end of treatment. Concerning each group separately, there were reductions in the expression of CCR2 as well as CCR5 in classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, and reduction of CX3CR1 in classical monocytes after treatment in the group with Diabetes (p = 0.003; p = 0.006; p = 0.039; p = 0.007; p = 0.006; p = 0.004; p = 0.019, respectively), without differences in the group without Diabetes. The expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, in patients with Periodontitis associated with Diabetes, is favorably modified after the end of the non-surgical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeon Jung Kim
- Odontology Post Graduation, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, ENT Research Laboratory, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Tiemi Shio
- Health Sciences Post Graduation, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Débora Pallos
- Odontology Post Graduation, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Jennings KC, Johnson KE, Hayward MA, Kristich CJ, Salzman NH. CCR2-dependent CX3CR1+ colonic macrophages promote Enterococcus faecalis dissemination. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0000624. [PMID: 38629806 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00006-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are common commensal bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of most mammals, including humans. Importantly, these bacteria are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. This study examined the role of colonic macrophages in facilitating Enterococcus faecalis infections in mice. We determined that depletion of colonic phagocytes resulted in the reduction of E. faecalis dissemination to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, we established that trafficking of monocyte-derived CX3CR1-expressing macrophages contributed to E. faecalis dissemination in a manner that was not reliant on CCR7, the conventional receptor involved in lymphatic migration. Finally, we showed that E. faecalis mutants with impaired intracellular survival exhibited reduced dissemination, suggesting that E. faecalis can exploit host immune cell migration to disseminate systemically and cause disease. Our findings indicate that modulation of macrophage trafficking in the context of antibiotic therapy could serve as a novel approach for preventing or treating opportunistic infections by disseminating enteric pathobionts like E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Jennings
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael A Hayward
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher J Kristich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nita H Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Lin HB, Hong P, Yin MY, Yao ZJ, Zhang JY, Jiang YP, Huang XX, Xu SY, Li FX, Zhang HF. Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Aggravate Cardiac Dysfunction After Ischemic Stroke in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034731. [PMID: 38700011 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac damage induced by ischemic stroke, such as arrhythmia, cardiac dysfunction, and even cardiac arrest, is referred to as cerebral-cardiac syndrome (CCS). Cardiac macrophages are reported to be closely associated with stroke-induced cardiac damage. However, the role of macrophage subsets in CCS is still unclear due to their heterogeneity. Sympathetic nerves play a significant role in regulating macrophages in cardiovascular disease. However, the role of macrophage subsets and sympathetic nerves in CCS is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model was used to simulate ischemic stroke. ECG and echocardiography were used to assess cardiac function. We used Cx3cr1GFPCcr2RFP mice and NLRP3-deficient mice in combination with Smart-seq2 RNA sequencing to confirm the role of macrophage subsets in CCS. We demonstrated that ischemic stroke-induced cardiac damage is characterized by severe cardiac dysfunction and robust infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the heart. Subsequently, we identified that cardiac monocyte-derived macrophages displayed a proinflammatory profile. We also observed that cardiac dysfunction was rescued in ischemic stroke mice by blocking macrophage infiltration using a CCR2 antagonist and NLRP3-deficient mice. In addition, a cardiac sympathetic nerve retrograde tracer and a sympathectomy method were used to explore the relationship between sympathetic nerves and cardiac macrophages. We found that cardiac sympathetic nerves are significantly activated after ischemic stroke, which contributes to the infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages and subsequent cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential pathogenesis of CCS involving the cardiac sympathetic nerve-monocyte-derived macrophage axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- Ischemic Stroke/physiopathology
- Ischemic Stroke/metabolism
- Ischemic Stroke/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/etiology
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Heart Diseases/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/deficiency
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Pu Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Meng-Yu Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yan-Pin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Feng-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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5
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Huang Z, Huang X, Huang Y, Liang K, Chen L, Zhong C, Chen Y, Chen C, Wang Z, He F, Qin M, Long C, Tang B, Huang Y, Wu Y, Mo X, Weizhong T, Liu J. Identification of KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota in colorectal cancer and construction of predictive machine learning model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0272023. [PMID: 38572984 PMCID: PMC11064510 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02720-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has demonstrated an increasingly important role in the onset and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, the association between gut microbiota and KRAS mutation in CRC remains enigmatic. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on stool samples from 94 CRC patients and employed the linear discriminant analysis effect size algorithm to identify distinct gut microbiota between KRAS mutant and KRAS wild-type CRC patients. Transcriptome sequencing data from nine CRC patients were transformed into a matrix of immune infiltrating cells, which was then utilized to explore KRAS mutation-associated biological functions, including Gene Ontology items and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations among these KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota, host immunity, and KRAS mutation-associated biological functions. At last, we developed a predictive random forest (RF) machine learning model to predict the KRAS mutation status in CRC patients, based on the gut microbiota associated with KRAS mutation. We identified a total of 26 differential gut microbiota between both groups. Intriguingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between Bifidobacterium spp. and mast cells, as well as between Bifidobacterium longum and chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Additionally, we also observed a notable negative correlation between Bifidobacterium and GOMF:proteasome binding. The RF model constructed using the KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota demonstrated qualified efficacy in predicting the KRAS phenotype in CRC. Our study ascertained the presence of 26 KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota in CRC and speculated that Bifidobacterium may exert an essential role in preventing CRC progression, which appeared to correlate with the upregulation of mast cells and CX3CR1 expression, as well as the downregulation of GOMF:proteasome binding. Furthermore, the RF model constructed on the basis of KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota exhibited substantial potential in predicting KRAS mutation status in CRC patients.IMPORTANCEGut microbiota has emerged as an essential player in the onset and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationship between gut microbiota and KRAS mutation in CRC remains elusive. Our study not only identified a total of 26 gut microbiota associated with KRAS mutation in CRC but also unveiled their significant correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune-related genes, and biological pathways (Gene Ontology items and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways). We speculated that Bifidobacterium may play a crucial role in impeding CRC progression, potentially linked to the upregulation of mast cells and CX3CR1 expression, as well as the downregulation of GOMF:Proteasome binding. Furthermore, based on the KRAS mutation-associated gut microbiota, the RF model exhibited promising potential in the prediction of KRAS mutation status for CRC patients. Overall, the findings of our study offered fresh insights into microbiological research and clinical prediction of KRAS mutation status for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yili Huang
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kunmei Liang
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuzhuo Zhong
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanbin Chen
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fuhai He
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Mingjian Qin
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyan Long
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Binzhe Tang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xianwei Mo
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tang Weizhong
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jungang Liu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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6
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Szukiewicz D. CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)-CX3CR1 Axis in Inflammation-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4679. [PMID: 38731899 PMCID: PMC11083509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemotactic cytokine fractalkine (FKN, chemokine CX3CL1) has unique properties resulting from the combination of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules. The soluble form (sFKN) has chemotactic properties and strongly attracts T cells and monocytes. The membrane-bound form (mFKN) facilitates diapedesis and is responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion, especially by promoting the strong adhesion of leukocytes (monocytes) to activated endothelial cells with the subsequent formation of an extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. FKN signaling occurs via CX3CR1, which is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine receptor subfamily. Signaling within the FKN-CX3CR1 axis plays an important role in many processes related to inflammation and the immune response, which often occur simultaneously and overlap. FKN is strongly upregulated by hypoxia and/or inflammation-induced inflammatory cytokine release, and it may act locally as a key angiogenic factor in the highly hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The importance of the FKN/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis results from its influence on cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell migration. This review presents the role of the FKN signaling pathway in the context of angiogenesis in inflammation and cancer. The mechanisms determining the pro- or anti-tumor effects are presented, which are the cause of the seemingly contradictory results that create confusion regarding the therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Yang K, Chen L, Jin B, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tang K. Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4451. [PMID: 38674036 PMCID: PMC11050295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
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8
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Kausar G, Chauhan SB, Roy R, Verma V, Pandey S, Niyaz A, Chakravarty J, Engwerda CR, Nylen S, Kumar R, Wilson ME, Sundar S. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of monocyte subsets in the blood and bone marrow of Indian subjects with Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012112. [PMID: 38669292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal parasitic infection caused by Leishmania donovani in India. L. donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan residing mostly in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system throughout chronic infection. Monocytic phagocytes are critical in the pathogenesis of different forms of leishmaniasis. Subsets of monocytes are distinguished by their surface markers into CD14+CD16- classical monocytes, CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes, and CD16++CD14low non-classical monocyte subsets. During cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), intermediate monocyte are reported to be a source of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF, and they express CCR2 attracting them to sites of inflammatory pathology. We examined monocyte subsets in the blood and bone marrow of patients with VL from an endemic site in Bihar, India, and found these contrasted with the roles of monocytes in CL. During VL, intermediate and non-classical CD16+ monocyte subsets expressed instead a non-inflammatory phenotype with low CCR2, high CX3CR1 and low microbicidal oxidant generation, making them more similar to patrolling monocytes than inflammatory cells. Bone marrow CD16+ monocyte subsets expressed a phenotype that might be more similar to the inflammatory subsets of CL, although our inability to obtain bone marrow from healthy donors in the endemic region hampered this interpretation Overall the data suggest that CD16+ intermediate monocyte subsets in VL patients express a phenotypes that contributes to an immunosuppressed pathologic immune state, but in contrast to CL, these do not mediate localized inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulafsha Kausar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ritirupa Roy
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vimal Verma
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sundaram Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Aziza Niyaz
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jaya Chakravarty
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Susanne Nylen
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mary E Wilson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Iowa and the VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Pei J, Zou Y, Wan C, Liu S, Hu B, Li Z, Tang Z. CX3CR1 mediates motor dysfunction in mice through 5-HTR2a. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114837. [PMID: 38145872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
CX3CR1 knockout could induce motor dysfunction in several neurological disease models mainly through regulating microglia's function. While CX3CR1 was expressed on neurons in a few reports, whether neuronal CX3CR1 could affect the function of neurons and mediate motor dysfunction under physiological conditions is unknown. To elucidate the roles of neuronal CX3CR1 on motor dysfunction, CX3CR1 knockout mice were created. Rotarod test and Open field test found that the CX3CR1-/- mice's motor capacity was reduced. Immunofluorescence staining detected the expression of CX3CR1 in neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry and West blot found that knockout of CX3CR1 did not affect the neurons' number in both spinal cord and brain of mice. While inhibiting the function of CX3CR1 by AZD8797 could decrease the expression of 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor(5-HTR2a), which involved in the regulation of motor function. Further investigation revealed that CX3CR1 regulated the expression of HTR2a through the NF-κB pathway. For the first time, we reported that neuronal CXCR1 mediates motor dysfunction. Our results suggest that modulating CXCR1 activity offers a novel therapeutic strategy for motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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10
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Chew C, Brand OJ, Yamamura T, Lawless C, Morais MRPT, Zeef L, Lin IH, Howell G, Lui S, Lausecker F, Jagger C, Shaw TN, Krishnan S, McClure FA, Bridgeman H, Wemyss K, Konkel JE, Hussell T, Lennon R. Kidney resident macrophages have distinct subsets and multifunctional roles. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:23-37. [PMID: 38331051 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney contains distinct glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments with diverse cell types and extracellular matrix components. The role of immune cells in glomerular environment is crucial for dampening inflammation and maintaining homeostasis. Macrophages are innate immune cells that are influenced by their tissue microenvironment. However, the multifunctional role of kidney macrophages remains unclear. METHODS Flow and imaging cytometry were used to determine the relative expression of CD81 and CX3CR1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1) in kidney macrophages. Monocyte replenishment was assessed in Cx3cr1CreER X R26-yfp-reporter and shielded chimeric mice. Bulk RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics were performed on isolated kidney macrophages from wild type and Col4a5-/- (Alport) mice. RNAscope was used to visualize transcripts and macrophage purity in bulk RNA assessed by CIBERSORTx analyses. RESULTS In wild type mice we identified three distinct kidney macrophage subsets using CD81 and CX3CR1 and these subsets showed dependence on monocyte replenishment. In addition to their immune function, bulk RNA-sequencing of macrophages showed enrichment of biological processes associated with extracellular matrix. Proteomics identified collagen IV and laminins in kidney macrophages from wild type mice whilst other extracellular matrix proteins including cathepsins, ANXA2 and LAMP2 were enriched in Col4a5-/- (Alport) mice. A subset of kidney macrophages co-expressed matrix and macrophage transcripts. CONCLUSIONS We identified CD81 and CX3CR1 positive kidney macrophage subsets with distinct dependence for monocyte replenishment. Multiomic analysis demonstrated that these cells have diverse functions that underscore the importance of macrophages in kidney health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chew
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tomohiko Yamamura
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mychel Raony Paiva Teixeira Morais
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Howell
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tovah N Shaw
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Flora A McClure
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Bridgeman
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
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11
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Rodriguez D, Church KA, Pietramale AN, Cardona SM, Vanegas D, Rorex C, Leary MC, Muzzio IA, Nash KR, Cardona AE. Fractalkine isoforms differentially regulate microglia-mediated inflammation and enhance visual function in the diabetic retina. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:42. [PMID: 38311721 PMCID: PMC10840196 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects about 200 million people worldwide, causing leakage of blood components into retinal tissues, leading to activation of microglia, the resident phagocytes of the retina, promoting neuronal and vascular damage. The microglial receptor, CX3CR1, binds to fractalkine (FKN), an anti-inflammatory chemokine that is expressed on neuronal membranes (mFKN), and undergoes constitutive cleavage to release a soluble domain (sFKN). Deficiencies in CX3CR1 or FKN showed increased microglial activation, inflammation, vascular damage, and neuronal loss in experimental mouse models. To understand the mechanism that regulates microglia function, recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) expressing mFKN or sFKN were delivered to intact retinas prior to diabetes. High-resolution confocal imaging and mRNA-seq were used to analyze microglia morphology and markers of expression, neuronal and vascular health, and inflammatory mediators. We confirmed that prophylactic intra-vitreal administration of rAAV expressing sFKN (rAAV-sFKN), but not mFKN (rAAV-mFKN), in FKNKO retinas provided vasculo- and neuro-protection, reduced microgliosis, mitigated inflammation, improved overall optic nerve health by regulating microglia-mediated inflammation, and prevented fibrin(ogen) leakage at 4 weeks and 10 weeks of diabetes induction. Moreover, administration of sFKN improved visual acuity. Our results elucidated a novel intervention via sFKN gene therapy that provides an alternative pathway to implement translational and therapeutic approaches, preventing diabetes-associated blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kaira A Church
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Alicia N Pietramale
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Sandra M Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Colin Rorex
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Micah C Leary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Isabel A Muzzio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Astrid E Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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12
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Shao D, Zhou H, Yu H, Zhu X. CX3CR1 is a potential biomarker of immune microenvironment and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36891. [PMID: 38241595 PMCID: PMC10798769 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is less efficient for epithelial ovarian cancer and lacks ideal biomarkers to select the best beneficiaries for immunotherapy. CX3CR1 as chemokine receptor mainly expressed on immune cell membranes, and combined with its unique ligand CX3CL1, mediates tissue chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells. However, the immune functional and prognostic value of CX3CR1 in epithelial ovarian cancer has not been clarified. A comprehensive retrospective analysis was performed by using the online database to identify the underlying immunological mechanisms and prognostic value of CX3CR1. The Human Protein Atlas, gene expression profiling interactive analysis, and TISIDB (an integrated repository portal for tumor-immune system interactions) database showed that CX3CR1 expressed higher in epithelial ovarian cancer than that in normal ovarian tissue. Four hundred twenty-two cases from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and 1656 cases from Kaplan-Meier plotter database showed higher expression of CX3CR1 (above median) was associated with unfavorable overall survival. TIMER, UALCAN, and TISIDB database were applied to validate CX3CR1 negative impact on overall survival. In addition, correlation analysis showed that the expression level of CX3CR1 was positive association with infiltrating levels of B cells (R = 0.31, P = 3.10e-12), CD8+ T cells (R = 0.26, P = 7.93e-09), CD4+ T cells (R = 0.11, P = 1.41e-02), macrophages (R = 0.32, P = 4.29e-13), dendritic cells (R = 0.27, P = 2.98e-09), and neutrophil (R = 0.25, P = 3.25e-08) in epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, CX3CR1 involved in reshaping the immune microenvironment for epithelial ovarian cancer and maybe a potential immunotherapy target and prognostic marker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Fuyang First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honger Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Fuyang First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaiying Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Fuyang First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Yadav M, Akhter Y. Validating Fractalkine receptor as a target and identifying candidates for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:127-145. [PMID: 38112285 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases employing abnormal levels of insulin. Enhancing the insulin production is greatly aided by the regulatory mechanisms of the Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) system in islet β-cell function. However, elements including a high-fat diet, obesity, and ageing negatively impact the expression of CX3CR1 in islets. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 receptor-ligand complex is now recognized as a novel therapeutic target. It suggests that T2DM-related β-cell dysfunction may result from lower amount of these proteins. We analyzed the differential expression of CX3CR1 gene samples taken from persons with T2DM using data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Homology modeling enabled us to generate the three-dimensional structure of CX3CR1 and a possible binding pocket. The optimized CX3CR1 structure was subjected to rigorous screening against a massive library of 693 million drug-like molecules from the ZINC15 database. This screening process led to the identification of three compounds with strong binding affinity at the identified binding pocket of CX3CR1. To further evaluate the potential of these compounds, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted over a 50 ns time scale to assess the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. These simulations revealed that ZINC000032506419 emerged as the most promising drug-like compound among the three potent molecules. The discovery of ZINC000032506419 holds exciting promise as a potential therapeutic agent for T2D and other related metabolic disorders. These findings pave the way for the development of effective medications to address the complexities of T2DM and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Gellner AK, Reis J, Fiebich BL, Fritsch B. Cx3cr1 deficiency interferes with learning- and direct current stimulation-mediated neuroplasticity of the motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:177-191. [PMID: 38049944 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are essential contributors to synaptic transmission and stability and communicate with neurons via the fractalkine pathway. Transcranial direct current stimulation [(t)DCS], a form of non-invasive electrical brain stimulation, modulates cortical excitability and promotes neuroplasticity, which has been extensively demonstrated in the motor cortex and for motor learning. The role of microglia and their fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in motor cortical neuroplasticity mediated by DCS or motor learning requires further elucidation. We demonstrate the effects of pharmacological microglial depletion and genetic Cx3cr1 deficiency on the induction of DCS-induced long-term potentiation (DCS-LTP) ex vivo. The relevance of microglia-neuron communication for DCS response and structural neuroplasticity underlying motor learning are assessed via 2-photon in vivo imaging. The behavioural consequences of impaired CX3CR1 signalling are investigated for both gross and fine motor learning. We show that DCS-mediated neuroplasticity in the motor cortex depends on the presence of microglia and is driven in part by CX3CR1 signalling ex vivo and provide the first evidence of microglia interacting with neurons during DCS in vivo. Furthermore, CX3CR1 signalling is required for motor learning and underlying structural neuroplasticity in concert with microglia interaction. Although we have recently demonstrated the microglial response to DCS in vivo, we now provide a link between microglial integrity and neuronal activity for the expression of DCS-dependent neuroplasticity. In addition, we extend the knowledge on the relevance of CX3CR1 signalling for motor learning and structural neuroplasticity. The underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential impact of DCS in rescuing CX3CR1 deficits remain to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Gellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology II, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Reis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brita Fritsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Li P, Liu Y, Zou MS, Wang TT, Guo HP, Ren TT, He Y, Wang H, Wang YH. [Neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on diabetes mellitus complicated with depression model rats based on CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:5822-5829. [PMID: 38114178 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230605.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Based on the CX3C chemokine ligand 1(CX3CL1)-CX3C chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) axis, this study explored the potential mechanism by which Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula(ZGJTJY) improved neuroinflammation and enhanced neuroprotective effect in a rat model of diabetes mellitus complicated with depression(DD). The DD rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin(STZ) intraperitoneal injection for four weeks and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) combined with isolated cage rearing for five weeks. The rats were divided into a control group, a model group, a positive control group, an inhibitor group, and a ZGJTJY group. The open field test and forced swimming test were used to assess the depression-like behaviors of the rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was performed to measure the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in plasma. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1), postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD95), and synapsin-1(SYN1) in the hippocampus. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Nissl staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) fluorescence staining were performed to assess hippocampal neuronal damage. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, A2A adenosine receptor(A2AR), glutamate receptor 2A(NR2A), glutamate receptor 2B(NR2B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group, the ZGJTJY group showed improved depression-like behaviors in DD rats, enhanced neuroprotective effect, increased expression of PSD95, SYN1, and BDNF(P<0.01), and decreased expression of Iba1, IL-1β, and TNF-α(P<0.01), as well as the expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, A2AR, NR2A, and NR2B(P<0.01). These results suggest that ZGJTJY may exert its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and activation of hippocampal microglia, thereby improving neuroinflammation and abnormal activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR) subunits, and ultimately enhancing the expression of synaptic-related proteins PSD95, SYN1, and BDNF in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Yang Liu
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Man-Shu Zou
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Ting-Ting Ren
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Ying He
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
| | - Hua Wang
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410007,China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Technology Innovation Center,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208,China
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16
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Lecordier S, Menet R, Allain AS, ElAli A. Non-classical monocytes promote neurovascular repair in cerebral small vessel disease associated with microinfarctions via CX3CR1. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1873-1890. [PMID: 37340860 PMCID: PMC10676133 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231183742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitutes a major risk factor for dementia. Monocytes play important roles in cerebrovascular disorders. Herein, we aimed to investigate the contribution of non-classical C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor (CX3CR)1 monocytes to cSVD pathobiology and therapy. To this end, we generated chimeric mice in which CX3CR1 in non-classical monocytes was either functional (CX3CR1GFP/+) or dysfunctional (CX3CR1GFP/GFP). cSVD was induced in mice via the micro-occlusion of cerebral arterioles, and novel immunomodulatory approaches targeting CX3CR1 monocyte production were used. Our findings demonstrate that CX3CR1GFP/+ monocytes transiently infiltrated the ipsilateral hippocampus and were recruited to the microinfarcts 7 days after cSVD, inversely associated with neuronal degeneration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Dysfunctional CX3CR1GFP/GFP monocytes failed to infiltrate the injured hippocampus and were associated with exacerbated microinfarctions and accelerated cognitive decline, accompanied with an impaired microvascular structure. Pharmacological stimulation of CX3CR1GFP/+ monocyte generation attenuated neuronal loss and improved cognitive functions by promoting microvascular function and preserving cerebral blood flow (CBF). These changes were associated with elevated levels of pro-angiogenic factors and matrix stabilizers in the blood circulation. The results indicate that non-classical CX3CR1 monocytes promote neurovascular repair after cSVD and constitute a promising target for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Quebec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Menet
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Quebec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Allain
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Quebec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Quebec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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17
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Sharma A, Singh P, Jha R, Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Rahmani AH, Alharbi HO, Dohare R, Syed MA. Exploring the role of miR-200 family in regulating CX3CR1 and CXCR1 in lung adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment: implications for therapeutic intervention. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16333. [PMID: 37770496 PMCID: PMC10539366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common malignant subtype of lung cancer (LC). miR-200 family is one of the prime miR regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and worst overall survival (OS) in LC patients. The study aimed to identify and validate the key differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) regulated by miR-200 family which may serve for therapeutic aspects in LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) by affecting cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. The study identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in LUAD, consisting of hsa-miR-200a-3p and hsa-miR-141-5p, respectively. Two highest-degree subnetwork motifs identified from 3-node miRNA FFL were: (i) miR-200a-3p-CX3CR1-SPIB and (ii) miR-141-5p-CXCR1-TBX21. TIMER analysis showed that the expression levels of CX3CR1 and CXCR1 were significantly positively correlated with infiltrating levels of M0-M2 macrophages and natural killer T (NKT) cells. The OS of LUAD patients was significantly affected by lower expression levels of hsa-miR-200a-3p, CX3CR1 and SPIB. These DEIRGs were validated using the human protein atlas (HPA) web server. Further, we validated the regulatory role of hsa-miR-200a-3p in an in-vitro indirect co-culture model using conditioned media from M0, M1 and M2 polarized macrophages (THP-1) and LUAD cell lines (A549 and H1299 cells). The results pointed out the essential role of hsa-miR-200a-3p regulated CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in progression of LC TME. Thus, the study augments a comprehensive understanding and new strategies for LUAD treatment where miR-200 family regulated immune-related genes, especially chemokine receptors, which regulate the metastasis and invasion of LUAD, leading to the worst associated OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rishabh Jha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajed Obaid Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Zwijnenburg AJ, Pokharel J, Varnaitė R, Zheng W, Hoffer E, Shryki I, Comet NR, Ehrström M, Gredmark-Russ S, Eidsmo L, Gerlach C. Graded expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 marks differentiation states of human and murine T cells and enables cross-species interpretation. Immunity 2023; 56:1955-1974.e10. [PMID: 37490909 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
T cells differentiate into functionally distinct states upon antigen encounter. These states are delineated by different cell surface markers for murine and human T cells, which hamper cross-species translation of T cell properties. We aimed to identify surface markers that reflect the graded nature of CD8+ T cell differentiation and delineate functionally comparable states in mice and humans. CITEseq analyses revealed that graded expression of CX3CR1, encoding the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, correlated with the CD8+ T cell differentiation gradient. CX3CR1 expression distinguished human and murine CD8+ and CD4+ T cell states, as defined by migratory and functional properties. Graded CX3CR1 expression, refined with CD62L, accurately captured the high-dimensional T cell differentiation continuum. Furthermore, the CX3CR1 expression gradient delineated states with comparable properties in humans and mice in steady state and on longitudinally tracked virus-specific CD8+ T cells in both species. Thus, graded CX3CR1 expression provides a strategy to translate the behavior of distinct T cell differentiation states across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonie Johan Zwijnenburg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jyoti Pokharel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renata Varnaitė
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenning Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Hoffer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iman Shryki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ramirez Comet
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ehrström
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Nordiska Kliniken, 11151 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Center, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Gerlach
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Xu L, Zhu Y, Cai H, Liu S, Cao Q, Zhuang Q. CX3CR1 regulates the development of renal interstitial fibrosis through macrophage polarization. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 48:957-966. [PMID: 37724398 PMCID: PMC10930042 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The binding of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and its unique ligand CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) can promote the migration of inflammatory cells to the lesion and affect the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate whether CX3CR1 affects renal interstitial fibrosis by macrophage polarization. METHODS A mouse model of renal interstitial fibrosis was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). C57/B6 mice were divided into a CX3CR1 inhibitor group (injected with CX3CR1 inhibitor AZD8797) and a model group (injected with physiological saline). After continuous intraperitoneal injection for 5 days, the ligated lateral kidneys of mice were obtained on the 7th day. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were used to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the collagen fiber deposition in renal interstitium, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of CX3CR1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) in the kidneys were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Differentially expressed genes in kidney of the 2 groups were identified by whole genome sequencing and the differential expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1) was verified by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M2 type macrophages in kidneys of the 2 groups. RESULTS The infiltration of inflammatory cells and the collagen fiber deposition in renal interstitium were significantly reduced in the CX3CR1 inhibitor group. The mRNA and protein levels of CX3CR1 and the mRNA levels of α-SMA and FN in the CX3CR1 inhibitor group were significantly lower than those of the model group (all P<0.05). Whole genome sequencing showed that the top 5 differentially expressed genes in kidney of the 2 groups were Ugt1a6b, Serpina1c, Arg-1, Retnla, and Nup62. RT-PCR verified that the expression level of Arg-1 in kidney of the CX3CR1 inhibitor group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.001). Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Arg1+CD206+M2 macrophages in kidney of the CX3CR1 inhibitor group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting CX3CR1 can effectively prevent the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. The mechanism may be related to macrophage polarization towards M2 type and upregulation of Arg-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Xu
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
| | - Yanping Zhu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
| | - Haozheng Cai
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Shu Liu
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
- Research Center of National Health Commission on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
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20
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Sirkis DW, Warly Solsberg C, Johnson TP, Bonham LW, Sturm VE, Lee SE, Rankin KP, Rosen HJ, Boxer AL, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Geier EG, Yokoyama JS. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals alterations in peripheral CX3CR1 and nonclassical monocytes in familial tauopathy. Genome Med 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 37464408 PMCID: PMC10354988 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence from mouse models is beginning to elucidate the brain's immune response to tau pathology, but little is known about the nature of this response in humans. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent tau pathology and the local inflammatory response within the brain influence the broader immune system. METHODS To address these questions, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from carriers of pathogenic variants in MAPT, the gene encoding tau (n = 8), and healthy non-carrier controls (n = 8). Primary findings from our scRNA-seq analyses were confirmed and extended via flow cytometry, droplet digital (dd)PCR, and secondary analyses of publicly available transcriptomics datasets. RESULTS Analysis of ~ 181,000 individual PBMC transcriptomes demonstrated striking differential expression in monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in MAPT pathogenic variant carriers. In particular, we observed a marked reduction in the expression of CX3CR1-the gene encoding the fractalkine receptor that is known to modulate tau pathology in mouse models-in monocytes and NK cells. We also observed a significant reduction in the abundance of nonclassical monocytes and dysregulated expression of nonclassical monocyte marker genes, including FCGR3A. Finally, we identified reductions in TMEM176A and TMEM176B, genes thought to be involved in the inflammatory response in human microglia but with unclear function in peripheral monocytes. We confirmed the reduction in nonclassical monocytes by flow cytometry and the differential expression of select biologically relevant genes dysregulated in our scRNA-seq data using ddPCR. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that human peripheral immune cell expression and abundance are modulated by tau-associated pathophysiologic changes. CX3CR1 and nonclassical monocytes in particular will be a focus of future work exploring the role of these peripheral signals in additional tau-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sirkis
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Taylor P Johnson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ethan G Geier
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Transposon Therapeutics, Inc, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Schiel V, Xia A, Santa Maria PL. Influence of CX3CR1 Deletion on Cochlear Hair Cell Survival and Macrophage Expression in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:605-610. [PMID: 37315234 PMCID: PMC10275455 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether the receptor CX3CR1 is necessary for the recruitment of macrophages to the cochlea in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and if its deletion can prevent hair cell loss in CSOM. BACKGROUND CSOM is a neglected disease that afflicts 330 million people worldwide and is the most common cause of permanent hearing loss among children in the developing world. It is characterized by a chronically discharging infected middle ear. We have previously demonstrated that CSOM causes macrophage associated sensory hearing loss. The receptor CX3CR1 is expressed on macrophages, which have been shown to be increased at the time point of outer hair cell (OHC) loss in CSOM. METHODS In this report, we examine the influence of CX3CR1 deletion (CX3CR1-/-) in a validated model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) CSOM. RESULTS The data show no difference in OHC loss between the CX3CR1-/- CSOM group and CX3CR1+/+ CSOM group (p = 0.28). We observed partial OHC loss in the cochlear basal turn, no OHC loss in the middle and apical turns in both CX3CR1-/- and CX3CR1+/+ CSOM mice at 14 days after bacterial inoculation. No inner hair cell (IHC) loss was found in all cochlear turns in all groups. We also counted F4/80 labeled macrophages in the spiral ganglion, spiral ligament, stria vascularis and spiral limbus of the basal, middle, and apical turn in cryosections. We did not find a significant difference in the total number of cochlear macrophages between CX3CR1-/- mice and CX3CR1+/+ mice (p = 0.97). CONCLUSION The data did not support a role for CX3CR1 macrophage associated HC loss in CSOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Schiel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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22
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Yashchenko A, Bland SJ, Song CJ, Ahmed UKB, Sharp R, Darby IG, Cordova AM, Smith ME, Lever JM, Li Z, Aloria EJ, Khan S, Maryam B, Liu S, Crowley MR, Jones KL, Zenewicz LA, George JF, Mrug M, Crossman DK, Hopp K, Stavrakis S, Humphrey MB, Ginhoux F, Zimmerman KA. Cx3cr1 controls kidney resident macrophage heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082078. [PMID: 37256130 PMCID: PMC10225589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney macrophages are comprised of both monocyte-derived and tissue resident populations; however, the heterogeneity of kidney macrophages and factors that regulate their heterogeneity are poorly understood. Herein, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), fate mapping, and parabiosis to define the cellular heterogeneity of kidney macrophages in healthy mice. Our data indicate that healthy mouse kidneys contain four major subsets of monocytes and two major subsets of kidney resident macrophages (KRM) including a population with enriched Ccr2 expression, suggesting monocyte origin. Surprisingly, fate mapping data using the newly developed Ms4a3Cre Rosa Stopf/f TdT model indicate that less than 50% of Ccr2+ KRM are derived from Ly6chi monocytes. Instead, we find that Ccr2 expression in KRM reflects their spatial distribution as this cell population is almost exclusively found in the kidney cortex. We also identified Cx3cr1 as a gene that governs cortex specific accumulation of Ccr2+ KRM and show that loss of Ccr2+ KRM reduces the severity of cystic kidney disease in a mouse model where cysts are mainly localized to the kidney cortex. Collectively, our data indicate that Cx3cr1 regulates KRM heterogeneity and niche-specific disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yashchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sarah J. Bland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Cheng J. Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rachel Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Isabella G. Darby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Audrey M. Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Morgan E. Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ernald J. Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shuja Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Bibi Maryam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lauren A. Zenewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mary B. Humphrey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kurt A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Cabana-Puig X, Lu R, Geng S, Michaelis JS, Oakes V, Armstrong C, Testerman JC, Liao X, Alajoleen R, Appiah M, Zhang Y, Reilly CM, Li L, Luo XM. CX 3CR1 modulates SLE-associated glomerulonephritis and cardiovascular disease in MRL/lpr mice. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1083-1097. [PMID: 37060359 PMCID: PMC10748465 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often develop multi-organ damages including heart and kidney complications. We sought to better define the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. METHODS We generated Cx3cr1-deficient MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice through backcrossing. We then employed heterozygous intercross to generate MRL/lpr littermates that were either sufficient or deficient of CX3CR1. The mice were also treated with either Lactobacillus spp. or a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by assessments of the kidney and heart, respectively. RESULTS Cx3cr1-/- MRL/lpr mice exhibited a distinct phenotype of exacerbated glomerulonephritis compared to Cx3cr1+/+ littermates, which was associated with a decrease of spleen tolerogenic marginal zone macrophages and an increase of double-negative T cells. Interestingly, upon correction of the gut microbiota with Lactobacillus administration, the phenotype of exacerbated glomerulonephritis was reversed, suggesting that CX3CR1 controls glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice through a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism. Upon treatment with HFD, Cx3cr1-/- MRL/lpr mice developed significantly more atherosclerotic plaques that were promoted by Ly6C+ monocytes. Activated monocytes expressed ICOS-L that interacted with ICOS-expressing follicular T-helper cells, which in turn facilitated a germinal center reaction to produce more autoantibodies. Through a positive feedback mechanism, the increased circulatory autoantibodies further promoted the activation of Ly6C+ monocytes and their display of ICOS-L. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered novel, Cx3cr1 deficiency-mediated pathogenic mechanisms contributing to SLE-associated glomerulonephritis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cabana-Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn S Michaelis
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Oakes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Caitlin Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James C Testerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Razan Alajoleen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael Appiah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Church KA, Rodriguez D, Mendiola AS, Vanegas D, Gutierrez IL, Tamayo I, Amadu A, Velazquez P, Cardona SM, Gyoneva S, Cotleur AC, Ransohoff RM, Kaur T, Cardona AE. Pharmacological depletion of microglia alleviates neuronal and vascular damage in the diabetic CX3CR1-WT retina but not in CX3CR1-KO or hCX3CR1 I249/M280-expressing retina. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130735. [PMID: 37033925 PMCID: PMC10077890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular disease characterized by irreparable vascular damage, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, is a leading complication of diabetes mellitus. There is no cure for DR, and medical interventions marginally slow the progression of disease. Microglia-mediated inflammation in the diabetic retina is regulated via CX3CR1-FKN signaling, where FKN serves as a calming signal for microglial activation in several neuroinflammatory models. Polymorphic variants of CX3CR1, hCX3CR1I249/M280 , found in 25% of the human population, result in a receptor with lower binding affinity for FKN. Furthermore, disrupted CX3CR1-FKN signaling in CX3CR1-KO and FKN-KO mice leads to exacerbated microglial activation, robust neuronal cell loss and substantial vascular damage in the diabetic retina. Thus, studies to characterize the effects of hCX3CR1I249/M280 -expression in microglia-mediated inflammation in the diseased retina are relevant to identify mechanisms by which microglia contribute to disease progression. Our results show that hCX3CR1I249/M280 mice are significantly more susceptible to microgliosis and production of Cxcl10 and TNFα under acute inflammatory conditions. Inflammation is exacerbated under diabetic conditions and coincides with robust neuronal loss in comparison to CX3CR1-WT mice. Therefore, to further investigate the role of hCX3CR1I249/M280 -expression in microglial responses, we pharmacologically depleted microglia using PLX-5622, a CSF-1R antagonist. PLX-5622 treatment led to a robust (~70%) reduction in Iba1+ microglia in all non-diabetic and diabetic mice. CSF-1R antagonism in diabetic CX3CR1-WT prevented TUJ1+ axonal loss, angiogenesis and fibrinogen deposition. In contrast, PLX-5622 microglia depletion in CX3CR1-KO and hCX3CR1I249/M280 mice did not alleviate TUJ1+ axonal loss or angiogenesis. Interestingly, PLX-5622 treatment reduced fibrinogen deposition in CX3CR1-KO mice but not in hCX3CR1I249/M280 mice, suggesting that hCX3CR1I249/M280 expressing microglia influences vascular pathology differently compared to CX3CR1-KO microglia. Currently CX3CR1-KO mice are the most commonly used strain to investigate CX3CR1-FKN signaling effects on microglia-mediated inflammation and the results in this study indicate that hCX3CR1I249/M280 receptor variants may serve as a complementary model to study dysregulated CX3CR1-FKN signaling. In summary, the protective effects of microglia depletion is CX3CR1-dependent as microglia depletion in CX3CR1-KO and hCX3CR1I249/M280 mice did not alleviate retinal degeneration nor microglial morphological activation as observed in CX3CR1-WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaira A. Church
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Derek Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew S. Mendiola
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Irene L. Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian Tamayo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Abdul Amadu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Priscila Velazquez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sandra M. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Stefka Gyoneva
- Human Genetics, Cerevel Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Acute Neurology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Richard M. Ransohoff
- Acute Neurology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, The Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Astrid E. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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25
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Finneran D, Li Q, Subbarayan MS, Joly-Amado A, Kamath S, Dengler DG, Gordon MN, Jackson MR, Morgan D, Bickford PC, Smith LH, Nash KR. Concentration and proteolysis of CX3CL1 may regulate the microglial response to CX3CL1. Glia 2023; 71:245-258. [PMID: 36106533 PMCID: PMC9772123 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) is a membrane-bound chemokine that can be cleaved by proteases such as ADAM 10, ADAM 17, and cathepsin S to generate soluble fragments. Studies using different forms of the soluble FKN yield conflicting results in vivo. These observations prompted us to investigate the function and pharmacology of two commonly used isoforms of FKN, a human full-length soluble FKN (sFKN), and a human chemokine domain only FKN (cdFKN). Both are prevalent in the literature and are often assumed to be functionally equivalent. We observed that recombinant sFKN and cdFKN exhibit similar potencies in a cell-based cAMP assay, but binding affinity for CX3CR1 was modestly different. There was a 10-fold difference in potency between sFKN and cdFKN when assessing their ability to stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. Interestingly, high concentrations of FKN, regardless of cleavage variant, were ineffective at reducing pro-inflammatory microglial activation and may induce a pro-inflammatory response. This effect was observed in mouse and rat primary microglial cells as well as microglial cell lines. The inflammatory response was exacerbated in aged microglia, which is known to exhibit age-related inflammatory phenotypes. We observed the same effects in Cx3cr1-/- primary microglia and therefore speculate that an alternative FKN receptor may exist. Collectively, these data provide greater insights into the function and pharmacology of these common FKN reagents, which may clarify conflicting reports and urge greater caution in the selection of FKN peptides for use in in vitro and in vivo studies and the interpretation of results obtained using these differing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Finneran
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, 400 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Qingyou Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Meena S. Subbarayan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Siddharth Kamath
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Daniela G. Dengler
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sandford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, 400 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Michael R. Jackson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sandford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dave Morgan
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, 400 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sandford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
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26
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Barrachina F, Ottino K, Tu LJ, Soberman RJ, Brown D, Breton S, Battistone MA. CX3CR1 deficiency leads to impairment of immune surveillance in the epididymis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:15. [PMID: 36550225 PMCID: PMC9948740 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) play an active role in the immunological homeostasis of the urogenital tract. In the epididymis, a finely tuned balance between tolerance to antigenic sperm and immune activation is required to maintain epididymal function while protecting sperm against pathogens and stressors. We previously characterized a subset of resident MPs that express the CX3CR1 receptor, emphasizing their role in antigen sampling and processing during sperm maturation and storage in the murine epididymis. Bacteria-associated epididymitis is the most common cause of intrascrotal inflammation and frequently leads to reproductive complications. Here, we examined whether the lack of functional CX3CR1 in homozygous mice (CX3CR1EGFP/EGFP, KO) alters the ability of MPs to initiate immune responses during epididymitis induced by LPS intravasal-epididymal injection. Confocal microscopy revealed that CX3CR1-deficient MPs located in the initial segments of the epididymis displayed fewer luminal-reaching membrane projections and impaired antigen capture activity. Moreover, flow cytometry showed a reduction of epididymal KO MPs with a monocytic phenotype under physiological conditions. In contrast, flow cytometry revealed an increase in the abundance of MPs with a monocytic signature in the distal epididymal segments after an LPS challenge. This was accompanied by the accumulation of CD103+ cells in the interstitium, and the prevention or attenuation of epithelial damage in the KO epididymis during epididymitis. Additionally, CX3CR1 deletion induced downregulation of Gja1 (connexin 43) expression in KO MPs. Together, our study provides evidence that MPs are gatekeepers of the immunological blood-epididymis barrier and reveal the role of the CX3CR1 receptor in epididymal mucosal homeostasis by inducing MP luminal protrusions and by regulating the monocyte population in the epididymis at steady state as well as upon infection. We also uncover the interaction between MPs and CD103+ dendritic cells, presumably through connexin 43, that enhance immune responses during epididymitis. Our study may lead to new diagnostics and therapies for male infertility and epididymitis by identifying immune mechanisms in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barrachina
- Program in Membrane Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - K Ottino
- Program in Membrane Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - L J Tu
- Program in Membrane Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - R J Soberman
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - D Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - S Breton
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - M A Battistone
- Program in Membrane Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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27
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Yamaguchi M, Nakao S, Wada I, Matoba T, Arima M, Kaizu Y, Shirane M, Ishikawa K, Nakama T, Murakami Y, Mizuochi M, Shiraishi W, Yamasaki R, Hisatomi T, Ishibashi T, Shibuya M, Stitt AW, Sonoda KH. Identifying Hyperreflective Foci in Diabetic Retinopathy via VEGF-Induced Local Self-Renewal of CX3CR1+ Vitreous Resident Macrophages. Diabetes 2022; 71:2685-2701. [PMID: 36203331 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intraretinal hyperreflective foci (HRF) are significant biomarkers for diabetic macular edema. However, HRF at the vitreoretinal interface (VRI) have not been examined in diabetic retinopathy (DR). A prospective observational clinical study with 162 consecutive eyes using OCT imaging showed significantly increased HRF at the VRI during DR progression (P < 0.01), which was reversed by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. F4/80+ macrophages increased significantly at the VRI in Kimba (vegfa+/+) or Akimba (Akita × Kimba) mice (both P < 0.01), but not in diabetic Akita (Ins2+/-) mice, indicating macrophage activation was modulated by elevated VEGF rather than the diabetic milieu. Macrophage depletion significantly reduced HRF at the VRI (P < 0.01). Furthermore, BrdU administration in Ccr2rfp/+Cx3cr1gfp/+vegfa+/- mice identified a significant contribution of M2-like tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) at the VRI. Ki-67+ and CD11b+ cells were observed in preretinal tissues of DR patients, while exposure of vitreal macrophages to vitreous derived from PDR patients induced a significant proliferation response in vitro (P < 0.01). Taken together, the evidence suggests that VEGF drives a local proliferation of vitreous resident macrophages (VRMs) at the VRI during DR. This phenomenon helps to explain the derivation and disease-relevance of the HRF lesions observed through OCT imaging in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneo Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Iori Wada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kaizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Shirane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Shiraishi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Ni Y, Zhuge F, Ni L, Nagata N, Yamashita T, Mukaida N, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagashimada M. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction protects against lipotoxicity-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating macrophage migration and M1/M2 status. Metabolism 2022; 136:155272. [PMID: 35914622 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 regulate the migration and activation of immune cells and are involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, the roles of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in the macrophage migration and polarization in the livers of NASH mice were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of Cx3cl1 and Cx3cr1 was markedly upregulated in the livers of lipotoxicity-induced NASH mice. CX3CR1 was predominantly expressed by F4/80+ macrophages and to a lesser degree by hepatic stellate cells or endothelial cells in the livers of NASH mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with chow-fed mice, NASH mice exhibited a significant increase in CX3CR1+ expression by liver macrophages (LMs), particularly M1 LMs. CX3CR1 deficiency caused a significant increase in inflammatory monocyte/macrophage infiltration and a shift toward M1 dominant macrophages in the liver, thereby exacerbating the progression of NASH. Moreover, transplantation of Cx3cr1-/- bone marrow was sufficient to cause glucose intolerance, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. In addition, deletion of CCL2 in Cx3cr1-/- mice alleviated NASH progression by decreasing macrophage infiltration and inducing a shift toward M2 dominant LMs. Importantly, overexpression of CX3CL1 in vivo protected against hepatic fibrosis in NASH. CONCLUSION Pharmacological therapy targeting liver CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling might be a candidate for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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29
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Mendiola AS, Church KA, Cardona SM, Vanegas D, Garcia SA, Macklin W, Lira SA, Ransohoff RM, Kokovay E, Lin CHA, Cardona AE. Defective fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling aggravates neuroinflammation and affects recovery from cuprizone-induced demyelination. J Neurochem 2022; 162:430-443. [PMID: 35560167 PMCID: PMC9427683 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Microglia have been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 limits the activation of pathogenic microglia and the human polymorphic CX3CR1I249/M280 (hCX3CR1I249/M280 ) variant increases disease progression in models of MS. However, the role of hCX3CR1I249/M280 variant on microglial activation and central nervous system repair mechanisms remains unknown. Therefore, using transgenic mice expressing the hCX3CR1I249/M280 variant, we aimed to determine the contribution of defective CX3CR1 signaling to neuroinflammation and remyelination in the cuprizone model of focal demyelination. Here, we report that mice expressing hCX3CR1I249/M280 exhibit marked demyelination and microgliosis following acute cuprizone treatment. Nanostring gene expression analysis in demyelinated lesions showed that hCX3CR1I249/M280 but not CX3CR1-deficient mice up-regulated the cuprizone-induced gene profile linked to inflammatory, oxidative stress, and phagocytic pathways. Although CX3CR1-deficient (CX3CR1-KO) and fractalkine-deficient (FKN-KO) mice displayed a comparable demyelination and microglial activation phenotype to hCX3CR1I249/M280 mice, only CX3CR1-deficient and CX3CR1-WT mice showed significant myelin recovery 1 week from cuprizone withdrawal. Confocal microscopy showed that hCX3CR1I249/M280 variant inhibits the generation of cells involved in myelin repair. Our results show that defective fractalkine signaling contributes to regional differences in demyelination, and suggest that the CX3CR1 pathway activity may be a key mechanism for limiting toxic gene responses in neuroinflammation. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Mendiola
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Current address: Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Kaira A. Church
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Sandra M. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Shannon A. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Wendy Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT-Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Chin-Hsing Annie Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Astrid E. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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30
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Batra A, Bui TM, Rehring JF, Yalom LK, Muller WA, Sullivan DP, Sumagin R. Experimental Colitis Enhances Temporal Variations in CX3CR1 Cell Colonization of the Gut and Brain Following Irradiation. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:295-307. [PMID: 34767810 PMCID: PMC8908021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral monocyte-derived CX3C chemokine receptor 1 positive (CX3CR1+) cells play important roles in tissue homeostasis and gut repopulation. Increasing evidence also supports their role in immune repopulation of the brain parenchyma in response to systemic inflammation. Adoptive bone marrow transfer from CX3CR1 fluorescence reporter mice and high-resolution confocal microscopy was used to assess the time course of CX3CR1+ cell repopulation of steady-state and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-inflamed small intestine/colon and the brain over 4 weeks after irradiation. CX3CR1+ cell colonization and morphologic polarization into fully ramified cells occurred more rapidly in the small intestine than in the colon. For both organs, the crypt/mucosa was more densely populated than the serosa/muscularis layer, indicating preferential temporal and spatial occupancy. Repopulation of the brain was delayed compared with that of gut tissue, consistent with the immune privilege of this organ. However, DSS-induced colon injury accelerated the repopulation. Expression analyses confirmed increased chemokine levels and macrophage colonization within the small intestine/colon and the brain by DSS-induced injury. Early increases of transmembrane protein 119 and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 expression within the brain after colon injury suggest immune-priming effect of brain resident microglia in response to systemic inflammation. These findings identify temporal differences in immune repopulation of the gut and brain in response to inflammation and show that gut inflammation can impact immune responses within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Batra
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Triet M Bui
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob F Rehring
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lenore K Yalom
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David P Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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31
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Yue Y, Zhang Q, Sun Z. CX3CR1 Acts as a Protective Biomarker in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:758040. [PMID: 35140706 PMCID: PMC8818863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many cancers. We aimed to screen the TME-related hub genes of colorectal adenoma (CRAD) and identify possible prognostic biomarkers. The gene expression profiles and clinical data of 464 CRAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded. The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumours using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm was performed to calculate the ImmuneScore, StromalScore, and EstimateScore. Thereafter, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed to explore the roles of DEGs. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were accomplished to identify independent prognostic factors of CRAD. CX3CR1 was selected as a hub gene, and the expression was confirmed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and cell lines. The correlations between CX3CR1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were estimated by Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database (TIMER) and CIBERSORT analysis. Besides, we investigated the effects of coculture with THP-1-derived macrophages with HCT8 cells with low CX3CR1 expression on immune marker expression, cell viability, and migration. There were significant differences in the ImmuneScore and EstimateScore among different stages. Patients with low scores presented significantly lower lifetimes than those in the high-score group. Moreover, we recognized 1,578 intersection genes in ImmuneScore and StromalScore, and these genes were mainly enriched in numerous immune-related biological processes. CX3CR1 was found to be associated with immune cell infiltration levels, immune marker expression, and macrophage polarization. Simultaneous silencing of CX3CR1 and coculture with THP-1 cells further regulated macrophage polarization and promoted the cell proliferation and migration of CRC cells. CX3CR1 was decreased in CRAD tissues and cell lines and was related to T and N stages, tumor differentiation, and prognosis. Our results suggest that CX3CR1 contributes to the recruitment and regulation of immune-infiltrating cells and macrophage polarization in CRC and TAM-induced CRC progression. CX3CR1 may act as a prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyi Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengrong Sun
- BioBank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengrong Sun,
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32
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Sarker B, Cardona SM, Church KA, Vanegas D, Velazquez P, Rorex C, Rodriguez D, Mendiola AS, Kern TS, Domingo ND, Stephens R, Muzzio IA, Cardona AE. Defibrinogenation Ameliorates Retinal Microgliosis and Inflammation in A CX3CR1-Independent Manner. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221131446. [PMID: 36221892 PMCID: PMC9557863 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221131446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Diabetic human and murine retinas revealed pronounced microglial morphological activation and vascular abnormalities associated with inflammation. Pharmacological fibrinogen depletion using ancrod dampened microglial morphology alterations, resolved fibrinogen accumulation, rescued axonal integrity, and reduced inflammation in the diabetic murine retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Sarker
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Sandra M. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Kaira A. Church
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Priscila Velazquez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Colin Rorex
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Derek Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | | | - Timothy S. Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye
Institute, University of California-Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach,
CA, USA
| | - Nadia D. Domingo
- Rutgers Center of Immunity and Inflammation,
Rutgers New
Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
USA
| | - Robin Stephens
- Rutgers Center of Immunity and Inflammation,
Rutgers New
Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers
Center of Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical
School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Isabel A. Muzzio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of
Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Astrid E. Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases,
The University
of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
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33
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Gao Y, Hu K, Yang J, Wang S, Li J, Wu Q, Wang Z, Chen N, Li L, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside regulates TGF-β/fractalkine/CX3CR1 based on network pharmacology in APP/PS1 mouse model. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102197. [PMID: 34509715 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious, progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves irreversible neuronal death. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) is an active compound extracted from P. multiflorum, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, but its role in neuroprotection is unclear. Herein, we aimed to validate the effects of TSG on APP/PS1 model mice and the underlying mechanism. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in APP/PS1 mouse, with PCR and immunohistochemistry used for validation. Experiments were performed after bioinformatic analysis for verification. Neuronal damage was observed by H&E staining. Key proteins involved in the pathway such as CX3CR1, Iba1 and TGF-β were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The KEGG analysis suggested that these genes might act by multiple pathways to build the pharmacological network of TSG in AD progression. These data provide the credible evidence that TSG improved neuronal damage and regulated neuroprotective mechanisms. Together, our work has detailed the whole and major genes in APP/PS1 model mouse regulated by TSG, and highlighted the anti-inflammatory function of TSG in mediating CX3CR1 and TGF-β as the TGF-β/fractalkine/CX3XR1 signaling pathway, especially in microglia. Moreover, TSG has potential value in synaptic transmission and neurotrophic action on neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, TSG is a promising candidate for preventing and treating the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kaichao Hu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Juxiang Yang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010107, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Juntong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
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34
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Nemska S, Gassmann M, Bang ML, Frossard N, Tavakoli R. Antagonizing the CX3CR1 Receptor Markedly Reduces Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy After Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:792-801. [PMID: 34882111 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Left-ventricular hypertrophy, characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial cell proliferation, and immune cell infiltration, is a high risk factor for heart failure and death. Chemokines interacting with G protein-coupled chemokine receptors probably play a role in left-ventricular hypertrophy development by promoting recruitment of activated leukocytes and modulating left-ventricular remodeling. Using the minimally invasive model of transverse aortic constriction in mice, we demonstrated that a variety of chemokine and chemokine receptor messenger Ribonucleic Acid are overexpressed in the early and late phase of hypertrophy progression. Among the chemokine receptors, Cx3cr1 and Ccr2 were most strongly overexpressed and were significantly upregulated at 3, 7, and 14 days after transverse aortic constriction. Ligands of CX3CR1 (Cx3cl1) and CCR2 (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12) were significantly overexpressed in the left ventricle at the early stages after mechanical pressure overload. Pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 signaling using the antagonist AZD8797 led to a significant reduction of hypertrophy, whereas inhibition of CCR2 with the RS504393 antagonist did not show any effect. Furthermore, AZD8797 treatment reduced the expression of the hypertrophic marker genes Nppa and Nppb as well as the profibrotic genes Tgfb1 and Col1a1 at 14 days after transverse aortic constriction. These findings strongly suggest the involvement of the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 pathway in the pathogenesis of left-ventricular hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/surgery
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain/genetics
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain/metabolism
- Constriction
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nemska
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR 7200, LabEx Medalis, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Louise Bang
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR 7200, LabEx Medalis, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Reza Tavakoli
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Bido S, Muggeo S, Massimino L, Marzi MJ, Giannelli SG, Melacini E, Nannoni M, Gambarè D, Bellini E, Ordazzo G, Rossi G, Maffezzini C, Iannelli A, Luoni M, Bacigaluppi M, Gregori S, Nicassio F, Broccoli V. Microglia-specific overexpression of α-synuclein leads to severe dopaminergic neurodegeneration by phagocytic exhaustion and oxidative toxicity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6237. [PMID: 34716339 PMCID: PMC8556263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in human samples and animal models support the involvement of inflammation in the development of Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, it is currently unknown whether microglial activation constitutes a primary event in neurodegeneration. We generated a new mouse model by lentiviral-mediated selective α-synuclein (αSYN) accumulation in microglial cells. Surprisingly, these mice developed progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons without endogenous αSYN aggregation. Transcriptomics and functional assessment revealed that αSYN-accumulating microglial cells developed a strong reactive state with phagocytic exhaustion and excessive production of oxidative and proinflammatory molecules. This inflammatory state created a molecular feed-forward vicious cycle between microglia and IFNγ-secreting immune cells infiltrating the brain parenchyma. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative and nitrosative molecule production was sufficient to attenuate neurodegeneration. These results suggest that αSYN accumulation in microglia induces selective DA neuronal degeneration by promoting phagocytic exhaustion, an excessively toxic environment and the selective recruitment of peripheral immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bido
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Sharon Muggeo
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Jacopo Marzi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Gea Giannelli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Melacini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Melania Nannoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Gambarè
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bellini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ordazzo
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Rossi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Maffezzini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Iannelli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Luoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bacigaluppi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy.
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36
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Vollmann EH, Rattay K, Barreiro O, Thiriot A, Fuhlbrigge RA, Vrbanac V, Kim KW, Jung S, Tager AM, von Andrian UH. Specialized transendothelial dendritic cells mediate thymic T-cell selection against blood-borne macromolecules. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6230. [PMID: 34711828 PMCID: PMC8553756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells undergo rigorous selection in the thymus to ensure self-tolerance and prevent autoimmunity, with this process requiring innocuous self-antigens (Ags) to be presented to thymocytes. Self-Ags are either expressed by thymic stroma cells or transported to the thymus from the periphery by migratory dendritic cells (DCs); meanwhile, small blood-borne peptides can access the thymic parenchyma by diffusing across the vascular lining. Here we describe an additional pathway of thymic Ag acquisition that enables circulating antigenic macromolecules to access both murine and human thymi. This pathway depends on a subset of thymus-resident DCs, distinct from both parenchymal and circulating migratory DCs, that are positioned in immediate proximity to thymic microvessels where they extend cellular processes across the endothelial barrier into the blood stream. Transendothelial positioning of DCs depends on DC-expressed CX3CR1 and its endothelial ligand, CX3CL1, and disrupting this chemokine pathway prevents thymic acquisition of circulating proteins and compromises negative selection of Ag-reactive thymocytes. Thus, transendothelial DCs represent a mechanism by which the thymus can actively acquire blood-borne Ags to induce and maintain central tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth H Vollmann
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristin Rattay
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aude Thiriot
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca A Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir Vrbanac
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Humanized Immune System Mouse Program (HISMP), Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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37
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Frenger MJ, Hecker C, Sindi M, Issberner A, Hartung HP, Meuth SG, Dietrich M, Albrecht P. Semi-Automated Live Tracking of Microglial Activation in CX3CR1 GFP Mice During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761776. [PMID: 34745138 PMCID: PMC8567040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) is a non-invasive technique for real-time imaging of the retina. We developed a step-by-step protocol for the semi-automatic evaluation of myeloid cells in cSLO images from CX3CR1GFP mice, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the endogenous CX3C chemokine receptor 1 locus. We identified cSLO parameters allowing us to distinguish animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) from sham-treated/naïve animals. Especially cell count (CC) and the total microglial area (SuA) turned out to be reliable parameters. Comparing the cSLO results with clinical parameters, we found significant correlations between the clinical EAE score and the SuA and of the inner retinal layer thickness, measured by optical coherence tomography, with the CC as well as the SuA. As a final step, we performed immunohistochemistry to confirm that the GFP-expressing cells visualized by the cSLO are Iba1 positive and validated the step-by-step protocol against manual counting. We present a semi-automatic step-by-step protocol with a balance between fast data evaluation and adequate accuracy, which is optimized by the option to manually adapt the contrast threshold. This protocol may be useful for numerous research questions on the role of microglial polarization in models of inflammatory and degenerating CNS diseases involving the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J. Frenger
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mustafa Sindi
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Issberner
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Jin X, Jian Z, Chen X, Ma Y, Ma H, Liu Y, Gong L, Xiang L, Zhu S, Shu X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K. Short Chain Fatty Acids Prevent Glyoxylate-Induced Calcium Oxalate Stones by GPR43-Dependent Immunomodulatory Mechanism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729382. [PMID: 34675921 PMCID: PMC8523925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are the most common type of kidney stones and are associated with high recurrence, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation. However, it remains uncertain whether SCFAs affect the formation of CaOx stones through immunomodulation. We first performed mass cytometry (CyTOF) and RNA sequencing on kidney immune cells with glyoxylate-induced CaOx crystals (to elucidate the landscape of the associated immune cell population) and explored the role of SCFAs in renal CaOx stone formation through immunomodulation. We identified 29 distinct immune cell subtypes in kidneys with CaOx crystals, where CX3CR1+CD24- macrophages significantly decreased and GR1+ neutrophils significantly increased. In accordance with the CyTOF data, RNA sequencing showed that most genes involved were related to monocytes and neutrophils. SCFAs reduced kidney CaOx crystals by increasing the frequency of CX3CR1+CD24- macrophages and decreasing GR1+ neutrophil infiltration in kidneys with CaOx crystals, which was dependent on the gut microbiota. GPR43 knockdown by transduction with adeno-associated virus inhibited the alleviation of crystal formation and immunomodulatory effects in the kidney, due to SCFAs. Moreover, CX3CR1+CD24- macrophages regulated GR1+ neutrophils via GPR43. Our results demonstrated a unique trilateral relationship among SCFAs, immune cells, and the kidneys during CaOx formation. These findings suggest that future immunotherapies may be used to prevent kidney stones using SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Experimental Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwen Ma
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Gong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Younesi S, Spencer SJ, Sominsky L. Monocyte perturbation modulates the ovarian response to an immune challenge. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111418. [PMID: 34339824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our recent findings indicate that an acute depletion of monocytes has no sustained effects on ovarian follicle health. Here, we utilised a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model to transiently deplete monocytes and investigated the impact of an acute immune challenge by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on ovarian follicle health and ovulatory capacity relative to wt once the monocytes had repopulated. Monocyte depletion and repopulation exacerbated the effects of LPS in several domains. As such, monocyte perturbation decreased the numbers of secondary follicles in those challenged with LPS. Monocyte perturbation was also associated with reduced antral follicle numbers and circulating luteinising hormone (LH) levels, as well as potential changes in ovarian sensitivity to LH, exacerbated by LPS. These data suggest that monocyte depletion and repopulation induce a transient suppression of ovulatory capacity in response to a subsequent immune challenge, but this is likely to be restored once the pro-inflammatory environment is resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia.
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Abstract
Mutations in microglia may cause brain disorders. Replacement of dysfunctional microglia by allogeneic wild-type microglia from bone marrow transplantation (Mr BMT) or peripheral blood can correct the gene deficiency at the brain-wide scale but cannot achieve precise replacement at specific brain regions. Here, we introduce a strategy with potential clinical relevance-microglia replacement by microglia transplantation (Mr MT), combining tamoxifen-induced ablation of Mr BMT cells and intracranial injection of microglia to mouse brain, to achieve region-sepcific microglia replacement. The original abbreviation of this microglia replacement strategy is mrMT. We hereby change the name to Mr MT. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xu et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Rao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
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Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Jimenez S, Muñoz-Castro C, Sanchez-Mico MV, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J, Vizuete M. Should We Open Fire on Microglia? Depletion Models as Tools to Elucidate Microglial Role in Health and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9734. [PMID: 34575898 PMCID: PMC8471219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in both homeostasis and disease, displaying a wide variety in terms of density, functional markers and transcriptomic profiles along the different brain regions as well as under injury or pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The generation of reliable models to study into a dysfunctional microglia context could provide new knowledge towards the contribution of these cells in AD. In this work, we included an overview of different microglial depletion approaches. We also reported unpublished data from our genetic microglial depletion model, Cx3cr1CreER/Csf1rflx/flx, in which we temporally controlled microglia depletion by either intraperitoneal (acute model) or oral (chronic model) tamoxifen administration. Our results reported a clear microglial repopulation, then pointing out that our model would mimic a context of microglial replacement instead of microglial dysfunction. Next, we evaluated the origin and pattern of microglial repopulation. Additionally, we also reviewed previous works assessing the effects of microglial depletion in the progression of Aβ and Tau pathologies, where controversial data are found, probably due to the heterogeneous and time-varying microglial phenotypes observed in AD. Despite that, microglial depletion represents a promising tool to assess microglial role in AD and design therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Romero-Molina
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria V. Sanchez-Mico
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
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Bisht K, Okojie KA, Sharma K, Lentferink DH, Sun YY, Chen HR, Uweru JO, Amancherla S, Calcuttawala Z, Campos-Salazar AB, Corliss B, Jabbour L, Benderoth J, Friestad B, Mills WA, Isakson BE, Tremblay MÈ, Kuan CY, Eyo UB. Capillary-associated microglia regulate vascular structure and function through PANX1-P2RY12 coupling in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5289. [PMID: 34489419 PMCID: PMC8421455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident immune cells with a repertoire of functions in the brain. However, the extent of their interactions with the vasculature and potential regulation of vascular physiology has been insufficiently explored. Here, we document interactions between ramified CX3CR1 + myeloid cell somata and brain capillaries. We confirm that these cells are bona fide microglia by molecular, morphological and ultrastructural approaches. Then, we give a detailed spatio-temporal characterization of these capillary-associated microglia (CAMs) comparing them with parenchymal microglia (PCMs) in their morphological activities including during microglial depletion and repopulation. Molecularly, we identify P2RY12 receptors as a regulator of CAM interactions under the control of released purines from pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels. Furthermore, microglial elimination triggered capillary dilation, blood flow increase, and impaired vasodilation that were recapitulated in P2RY12-/- and PANX1-/- mice suggesting purines released through PANX1 channels play important roles in activating microglial P2RY12 receptors to regulate neurovascular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bisht
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Okojie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dennis H Lentferink
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph O Uweru
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Saipranusha Amancherla
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zainab Calcuttawala
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Antony Brayan Campos-Salazar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bruce Corliss
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lara Jabbour
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jordan Benderoth
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bria Friestad
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William A Mills
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Mormino A, Bernardini G, Cocozza G, Corbi N, Passananti C, Santoni A, Limatola C, Garofalo S. Enriched Environment Cues Suggest a New Strategy to Counteract Glioma: Engineered rAAV2-IL-15 Microglia Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730128. [PMID: 34552593 PMCID: PMC8450436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of cancer grow differently depending on the environmental stimuli they receive. In glioma, exposure to an enriched environment (EE) increases the overall survival rate of tumor-bearing mice, acting on the cells that participate to define the tumor microenvironment. In particular, environmental cues increase the microglial production of interleukin (IL)-15 which promotes a pro-inflammatory (antitumor) phenotype of microglia and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, counteracting glioma growth, thus representing a virtuous mechanism of interaction between NK cells and microglia. To mimic the effect of EE on glioma, we investigated the potential of creating engineered microglia as the source of IL-15 in glioma. We demonstrated that microglia modified with recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) carrying IL-15 (rAAV2-IL-15), to force the production of IL-15, are able to increase the NK cells viability in coculture. Furthermore, the intranasal delivery of rAAV2-IL-15 microglia triggered the interplay with NK cells in vivo, enhancing NK cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype in tumor mass of glioma-bearing mice, and ultimately counteracted tumor growth. This approach has a high potential for clinical translatability, highlighting the therapeutic efficacy of forced IL-15 production in microglia: the delivery of engineered rAAV2-IL-15 microglia to boost the immune response paves the way to design a new perspective therapy for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mormino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Cocozza
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Passananti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Watson AES, de Almeida MMA, Dittmann NL, Li Y, Torabi P, Footz T, Vetere G, Galleguillos D, Sipione S, Cardona AE, Voronova A. Fractalkine signaling regulates oligodendroglial cell genesis from SVZ precursor cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1968-1984. [PMID: 34270934 PMCID: PMC8365111 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NPCs and OPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain contribute to oligodendrogenesis throughout life, in part due to direct regulation by chemokines. The role of the chemokine fractalkine is well established in microglia; however, the effect of fractalkine on SVZ precursor cells is unknown. We show that murine SVZ NPCs and OPCs express the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) and bind fractalkine. Exogenous fractalkine directly enhances OPC and oligodendrocyte genesis from SVZ NPCs in vitro. Infusion of fractalkine into the lateral ventricle of adult NPC lineage-tracing mice leads to increased newborn OPC and oligodendrocyte formation in vivo. We also show that OPCs secrete fractalkine and that inhibition of endogenous fractalkine signaling reduces oligodendrocyte formation in vitro. Finally, we show that fractalkine signaling regulates oligodendrogenesis in cerebellar slices ex vivo. In summary, we demonstrate a novel role for fractalkine signaling in regulating oligodendrocyte genesis from postnatal CNS precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne E S Watson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Monique M A de Almeida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Nicole L Dittmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pouria Torabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Tim Footz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Gisella Vetere
- Team Cerebral Codes and Circuits Connectivity (C4), Plasticité du cerveau, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Simonetta Sipione
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Astrid E Cardona
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Anastassia Voronova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8-39 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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45
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Bonacina F, Martini E, Svecla M, Nour J, Cremonesi M, Beretta G, Moregola A, Pellegatta F, Zampoleri V, Catapano AL, Kallikourdis M, Norata GD. Adoptive transfer of CX3CR1 transduced-T regulatory cells improves homing to the atherosclerotic plaques and dampens atherosclerosis progression. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2069-2082. [PMID: 32931583 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Loss of immunosuppressive response supports inflammation during atherosclerosis. We tested whether adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Tregulatory cells (Tregs), engineered to selectively migrate in the atherosclerotic plaque, would dampen the immune-inflammatory response in the arterial wall in animal models of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). METHODS AND RESULTS FH patients presented a decreased Treg suppressive function associated to an increased inflammatory burden. A similar phenotype was observed in Ldlr -/- mice accompanied by a selective increased expression of the chemokine CX3CL1 in the aorta but not in other districts (lymph nodes, spleen, and liver). Treg overexpressing CX3CR1 were thus generated (CX3CR1+-Tregs) to drive Tregs selectively to the plaque. CX3CR1+-Tregs were injected (i.v.) in Ldlr -/- fed high-cholesterol diet (western type diet, WTD) for 8 weeks. CX3CR1+-Tregs were detected in the aorta, but not in other tissues, of Ldlr -/- mice 24 h after ACT, corroborating the efficacy of this approach. After 4 additional weeks of WTD, ACT with CX3CR1+-Tregs resulted in reduced plaque progression and lipid deposition, ameliorated plaque stability by increasing collagen and smooth muscle cells content, while decreasing the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Shotgun proteomics of the aorta showed a metabolic rewiring in CX3CR1+-Tregs treated Ldlr -/- mice compared to controls that was associated with the improvement of inflammation-resolving pathways and disease progression. CONCLUSION ACT with vasculotropic Tregs appears as a promising strategy to selectively target immune activation in the atherosclerotic plaque.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Adult
- Animals
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/immunology
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Prospective Studies
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jasmine Nour
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Zampoleri
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
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46
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Strackeljan L, Baczynska E, Cangalaya C, Baidoe-Ansah D, Wlodarczyk J, Kaushik R, Dityatev A. Microglia Depletion-Induced Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Excitatory Synapses in the Hippocampus of Adult Mice. Cells 2021; 10:1862. [PMID: 34440631 PMCID: PMC8393852 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in synaptogenesis and the regulation of synaptic functions in the central nervous system. Recent studies revealed that in addition to dopaminergic and serotoninergic neuromodulatory systems, microglia also contribute to the regulation of ECM remodeling. In the present work, we investigated the physiological role of microglia in the remodeling of perineuronal nets (PNNs), predominantly associated with parvalbumin-immunopositive (PV+) interneurons, and the perisynaptic ECM around pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. Adult mice were treated with PLX3397 (pexidartinib), as the inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-R), to deplete microglia. Then, confocal analysis of the ECM and synapses was performed. Although the elimination of microglia did not alter the overall number or intensity of PNNs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, it decreased the size of PNN holes and elevated the expression of the surrounding ECM. In the neuropil area in the CA1 str. radiatum, the depletion of microglia increased the expression of perisynaptic ECM proteoglycan brevican, which was accompanied by the elevated expression of presynaptic marker vGluT1 and the increased density of dendritic spines. Thus, microglia regulate the homeostasis of pre- and postsynaptic excitatory terminals and the surrounding perisynaptic ECM as well as the fine structure of PNNs enveloping perisomatic-predominantly GABAergic-synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Strackeljan
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.S.); (C.C.); (D.B.-A.)
| | - Ewa Baczynska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Carla Cangalaya
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.S.); (C.C.); (D.B.-A.)
- Institut für Biochemie und Zellbiologie, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- ESF International Graduate School on Analysis, Imaging and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Baidoe-Ansah
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.S.); (C.C.); (D.B.-A.)
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.S.); (C.C.); (D.B.-A.)
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.S.); (C.C.); (D.B.-A.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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47
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Piirainen S, Chithanathan K, Bisht K, Piirsalu M, Savage JC, Tremblay ME, Tian L. Microglia contribute to social behavioral adaptation to chronic stress. Glia 2021; 69:2459-2473. [PMID: 34145941 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation has been regarded mainly as an exacerbator of stress response, a common symptom in psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to determine whether microglia contribute to adaptive response of the brain and behavior toward stress using a mild and adaptive stress model - chronic restraint stress (CRS) - with wild type (WT) and CX3CR1-GFP (CX3CR1[G]) mice and human schizophrenia patients' data. Our results revealed that CRS did not exacerbate anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, but instead strengthened social dominance and short-term spatial learning in WT mice. Compared to WT and CX3CR1(+/G) heterozygous mice, CX3CR1(G/G) homozygotes were subordinate in social interaction before and after CRS. Microglia in WT mice underwent a series of region-specific changes involving their phagocytosis of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 2 protein, contacts with synaptic elements, CD206+ microglial proportion, and gene expressions such as Cx3cr1. By contrast, CX3CR1-deficient microglia showed decreased CD206+ while increased MHCII+ subpopulations and hypo-ramification in the hippocampus, as well as sensitized polarization and morphological change in response to CRS. Furthermore, CD206+ microglial abundancy was positively correlated with social dominancy and microglial ramification in CX3CR1-GFP mice. Moreover, CX3CR1 mRNA level was reduced in CRS-treated mouse brains and showed a smaller interactome with other brain genes in the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortices of patients with schizophrenia. Our findings overall highlight microglia and its receptor CX3CR1 as key contributors in regulation of social behavioral adaptation to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Piirainen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keerthana Chithanathan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Piirsalu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julie Conner Savage
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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48
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Cormican S, Griffin MD. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and Its Receptor CX3CR1: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Chronic Kidney Disease? Front Immunol 2021; 12:664202. [PMID: 34163473 PMCID: PMC8215706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are key contributors to kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Infiltration of the renal parenchyma by innate immune cells is governed by multiple signalling pathways. Since the discovery of the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1 over twenty years ago, a wealth of evidence has emerged linking CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signalling to renal pathologies in both acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, despite the extent of data indicating a pathogenic role for this pathway in kidney disease and its complications, no human trials of targeted therapeutic agents have been reported. Although acute autoimmune kidney disease is often successfully treated with immunomodulatory medications, there is a notable lack of treatment options for patients with progressive fibrotic CKD. In this article we revisit the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and its functional roles. Furthermore we review the accumulating evidence that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interactions mediate important events in the intra-renal pathophysiology of CKD progression, particularly via recruitment of innate immune cells into the kidney. We also consider the role that systemic activation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in renal disease contributes to CKD-associated cardiovascular disease. Based on this evidence, we highlight the potential for therapies targeting CX3CL1 or CX3CR1 to benefit people living with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cormican
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
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49
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Nagashimada M, Sawamoto K, Ni Y, Kitade H, Nagata N, Xu L, Kobori M, Mukaida N, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Ota T. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Signaling Deficiency Exacerbates Obesity-induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6188411. [PMID: 33765141 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system plays an important role in disease progression by regulating inflammation both positively and negatively. We reported previously that C-C chemokine receptors 2 and 5 promote obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice via adipose tissue macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 polarization. Cx3cl1 expression was persistently decreased in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, despite increased expression of other chemokines. Interestingly, in Cx3cr1-/- mice, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis induced by DIO or leptin deficiency were exacerbated. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling deficiency resulted in reduced M2-polarized macrophage migration and an M1-dominant shift of macrophages within eWAT. Furthermore, transplantation of Cx3cr1-/- bone marrow was sufficient to impair glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and regulation of M1/M2 status. Moreover, Cx3cl1 administration in vivo led to the attenuation of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Thus, therapy targeting the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system may be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by regulating M1/M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- College of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hironori Kitade
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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50
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Roy-Chowdhury E, Brauns N, Helmke A, Nordlohne J, Bräsen JH, Schmitz J, Volkmann J, Fleig SV, Kusche-Vihrog K, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. Human CD16+ monocytes promote a pro-atherosclerotic endothelial cell phenotype via CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interaction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1510-1522. [PMID: 32717023 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Monocytes are central for atherosclerotic vascular inflammation. The human non-classical, patrolling subtype, which expresses high levels of CD16 and fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, strongly associates with cardiovascular events. This is most marked in renal failure, a condition with excess atherosclerosis morbidity. The underlying mechanism is not understood. This study investigated how human CD16+ monocytes modulate endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS In patients with kidney failure, CD16+ monocyte counts were elevated and dynamically decreased within a year after transplantation, chiefly due to a drop in CD14+CD16+ cells. The CX3CR1 ligand CX3CL1 was similarly elevated in the circulation of humans and mice with renal impairment. CX3CL1 up-regulation was also observed close to macrophage rich human coronary artery plaques. To investigate a mechanistic basis of this association, CD16+CX3CR1HIGH monocytes were co-incubated with primary human endothelium in vitro. Compared to classical CD14+ monocytes or transwell cocultures, CD16+ monocytes enhanced endothelial STAT1 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, up-regulated expression of CX3CL1 and interleukin-1β, numerous CCL and CXCL chemokines and molecules promoting leucocyte patrolling and adhesion such as ICAM1 and VCAM1. Genes required for vasodilatation including endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreased while endothelial collagen production increased. Uraemic patients' monocytes enhanced endothelial CX3CL1 even more markedly. Their receptor CX3CR1 was required for enhanced aortic endothelial stiffness in murine atherosclerosis with renal impairment. CX3CR1 dose-dependently modulated monocyte-contact-dependent gene expression in human endothelium. CONCLUSION By demonstrating endothelial proatherosclerotic gene regulation in direct contact with CD16+ monocytes, in part via cellular CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interaction, our data delineate a mechanism how this celltype can increase cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roy-Chowdhury
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brauns
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Helmke
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Nordlohne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Volkmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne V Fleig
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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