1
|
Jankowska U, Jagielski D, Czopowicz M, Sapierzyński R. Prognostic role of the updated Kiel classification in canine high-grade T-cell lymphomas. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1398. [PMID: 38767567 PMCID: PMC11104423 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine and describe the prognostic role of the morphological subtype determined according to the updated Kiel classification in dogs with high-grade T-cell lymphomas (HGTCLs) depending on the treatment applied. OBJECTIVES The HGTCLs were classified into three subtypes according to the updated Kiel classification: pleomorphic mixed (PM), lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and plasmacytoid (P). The treatment was divided into a palliative therapy (PlT) group and a chemotherapy (ChT) group. METHODS The study was conducted between 2009 and 2017, and it enrolled 58 dogs in which cytomorphological and immunocytochemistry diagnoses were HGTCL. RESULTS Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the ChT group (median OS-4 months, interquartile range [IQR] from 2 to 8 months) than in the PlT group (median OS-6 weeks, IQR from 1 week to 3 months). In the PlT group, PM subtype and glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) treatment proved significantly and independently linked to longer OS and approximately three-fold lower risk of death during the study period (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] = 0.26, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.08-0.81; p = 0.020 and HRadj = 0.30, CI 95%: 0.11-0.77; p = 0.013, respectively), although due to small group size, precision of estimations was poor (wide CI 95%). In the ChT group, >7 days elapsing between diagnosis and the beginning of chemotherapy and GCS treatment prior to chemotherapy were significantly associated with lower chance of complete remission (CR; p = 0.034 for both); GCS treatment prior to chemotherapy was significantly associated with shorter OS (p = 0.016); chemotherapy based on the modified CHOP protocol was significantly associated with higher chance of CR (p = 0.034) and longer OS (p = 0.039); and CR was significantly linked to longer OS (p = 0.001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The morphological subtype of HGTCL has some prognostic value in dogs treated palliatively (with PM subtype associated with longer OS than P subtype); however, this effect is no longer visible when a dog is treated with chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Jagielski
- Białobrzeska Veterinary ClinicWarsawPoland
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and EconomicsInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)WarsawPoland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Division of Animal PathologyDepartment of Pathology and Veterinary DiagnosticsInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)WarsawPoland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves R, De Decker S, Walmsley G, Maddox TW. Prognosis in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs: Risk factors associated with survival, clinical relapse, and long-term disability. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1583-1590. [PMID: 38483069 PMCID: PMC11099754 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) comprises a group of noninfectious inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system of dogs. Previous studies have reported individual risk factors for survival but prognostication for MUO remains challenging. OBJECTIVES Identify clinical prognostic variables in dogs with MUO. ANIMALS A retrospective study of 447 dogs presented to 2 UK referral hospitals and diagnosed with MUO. METHODS Medical records of dogs diagnosed with MUO were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the identification of risk factors for survival and Cox proportional hazards analysis for the identification of risk factors for clinical relapse. RESULTS Eighty-two percent (366/447) of dogs with presumptive MUO survived to discharge and 63.5% (284/447) were alive at 6 months; 36% of the latter (103/284) had persistent neurological deficits. Breed (pugs; P = .03), epileptic seizures (P < .001), paresis (P < .001), and higher neurodisability scale (NDS) score (P < .001) at presentation were negatively associated with survival to 6 months. Dogs with persistent deficits had higher NDS scores on presentation (P = .001). Median follow-up time was 11 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1-24) and 50.6% (160/316) relapsed during treatment (median time to relapse, 7 months; IQR, 2-15). Incomplete resolution of the clinical signs during the 6 months after diagnosis (P < .001), higher NDS score (P < .001), and longer duration of the clinical signs (P < .001) were associated with relapse. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Knowledge of risk factors associated with survival, incomplete recovery and clinical relapse in MUO can help guide monitoring and treatment and improve owner communications regarding prognosis for this debilitating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary ScienceSmall Animal Teaching Hospital, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing ScienceInstitute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary College, University of LondonHatfieldUK
| | - Gemma Walmsley
- Department of Veterinary ScienceSmall Animal Teaching Hospital, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing ScienceInstitute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Thomas W. Maddox
- Department of Veterinary ScienceSmall Animal Teaching Hospital, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing ScienceInstitute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veronesi MC, Fusi J. Biochemical factors affecting newborn survival in dogs and cats. Theriogenology 2023; 197:150-158. [PMID: 36516700 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance and implications of small animal neonatology were underestimated until recent times. Despite the recent increasing interest for this branch of veterinary medicine, however, perinatal mortality rates in canine and feline species remain high, representing an important challenge for the clinician. In this perspective, the prompt identification of newborns requiring additional and tailored assistance becomes a key to reduce the perinatal losses in small animals. To achieve this goal, clinical and laboratory findings must be carefully evaluated. This paper focuses on biochemical parameters and their reported influence on neonatal survival, guiding through the evaluation of canine and feline newborn laboratory analyses, with a thorough discussion about the use of different biological material in these subjects. Beside blood, other biological material, such as urines and fetal fluids proved to be interesting for the identification of possible prognostic markers, thanks also to their easy and safe collection. However, the correct reading-through the results must consider many variables such as type of delivery, anesthesia protocol in case of Caesarean section, age of the newborn at samples collection, and for blood analysis, also the type of blood, site of collection, modality of collection and storage must be considered. Notwithstanding the recent progress in literature, for most of the parameters more research is needed to define cut-off values with certainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jasmine Fusi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muñoz AI, Vallejo-Castillo L, Fragozo A, Vázquez-Leyva S, Pavón L, Pérez-Sánchez G, Soria-Castro R, Mellado-Sánchez G, Cobos-Marin L, Pérez-Tapia SM. Increased survival in puppies affected by Canine Parvovirus type II using an immunomodulator as a therapeutic aid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19864. [PMID: 34615970 PMCID: PMC8494837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type II (CPV-2) infection induces canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE), which in turn promotes sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Mortality in this disease is usually registered within 48-72 h post-hospitalization, the critical period of the illness. It has been recently described that the use of an immunomodulator, whose major component is monomeric ubiquitin (mUb) without the last two glycine residues (Ub∆GG), in pediatric human patients with sepsis augments survival. It is known that CXCR4 is the cell receptor of extracellular ubiquitin in humans. This work aimed to explore the effect of one immunomodulator (human Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract-hDLE) as a therapeutic auxiliary in puppies with sepsis and SIRS induced by CPE. We studied two groups of puppies with CPV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The first group received conventional treatment (CT) and vehicle (V), while the second group received CT plus the immunomodulator (I). We assessed both groups' survival, clinical condition, number of erythrocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes during the hospitalization period. In addition, hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma proteins and cortisol values, as well as norepinephrine/epinephrine and serotonin concentration were determined. Puppies treated with CT + I showed 81% survival, mild clinical signs, and a significant decrease in circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes in the critical period of the treatment. In contrast, the CT + V group presented a survival of 42%, severe clinical status, and no improvement of the parameters evaluated in the critical period of the disease. We determined in silico that human Ub∆GG can bind to dog CXCR4. In conclusion, the administration of a human immunomodulator (0.5 mg/day × 5 days) to puppies with CPE under six months of age reduces the severity of clinical signs, increases survival, and modulates inflammatory cell parameters. Further studies are necessary to take full advantage of these clinical findings, which might be mediated by the human Ub∆GG to canine CXCR4 interaction.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers
- Dog Diseases/drug therapy
- Dog Diseases/mortality
- Dog Diseases/virology
- Dogs
- Drug Synergism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary
- Parvovirus, Canine/physiology
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Ana Fragozo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Said Vázquez-Leyva
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14370, CDMX, México.
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14370, CDMX, México
| | - Rodolfo Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Laura Cobos-Marin
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Departamento de Inmunología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México.
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México.
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kitzmann S, Hartmann K, Zablotski Y, Rieger A, Mueller R, Wehner A. Wellbeing, quality of life, presence of concurrent diseases, and survival times in untreated and treated German Shepherd dogs with dwarfism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255678. [PMID: 34370756 PMCID: PMC8351940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary dwarfism (PD) in German Shepherd dogs (GSD) is a rare endocrinopathy. Cause and inheritance of the disease are well characterized, but the overall survival time, presence of concurrent diseases, quality of life (QoL) and influence of different treatment options on those parameters is still not well investigated. The aim of this study was to obtain data regarding the disease pattern of GSD with PD and to investigate the impact of treatment. METHODS 47 dogs with dwarfism (presumably PD) and 94 unaffected GSD serving as controls were enrolled. Data were collected via a standardized questionnaire, which every owner of a participating dog had completed. Dogs with PD were grouped based on three categories of treatment: Group 1 (untreated), group 2 (treated with levothyroxine), group 3 (treated with thyroxine and progestogens or with growth hormone (GH)). Groups were compared using One-Way-Anova, Kruskal-Wallis test or Wilcoxon-rank-sum test. Categorical analysis was performed using Two-Sample-Chi-Squared-test. RESULTS Dogs treated with thyroxine and gestagen or GH were significantly taller and heavier compared to all other dogs with PD. Quality of life was best in dogs with PD treated with thyroxine and similar to unaffected GSD. Treatment increased survival time in dogs with PD independent of the treatment strategy. Dogs receiving thyroxine and progestogens or GH did not develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). CONCLUSION GSD with PD should be treated at least for their secondary hypothyroidism to increase survival time. Additional treatment with progestogens or GH improves body size and seems to protect against the occurrence of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kitzmann
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rieger
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Mueller
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Wehner
- Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jacobs C, Jaffey JA, Trepanier LA, Pritchard JC. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and mortality in dogs with blastomycosis. Vet J 2021; 274:105707. [PMID: 34148015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blastomycosis is a prominent fungal disease in the United States. Vitamin D status has been found to be altered in critical illness and various infectious diseases. The objectives of this study were to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in dogs with blastomycosis and healthy controls, to assess the change in serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs with blastomycosis after 30 days of treatment, and to determine if baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs with blastomycosis were associated with in-hospital, 30-day, or end-of-study mortality. In this prospective cohort study, 19 dogs newly diagnosed with blastomycosis had serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured with a commercially available validated radioimmunoassay at the time of diagnosis and 30 days after start of treatment. These values were compared to 24 healthy control dogs. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the time of diagnosis were lower in dogs with blastomycosis (median, 203 nmol/L; range, 31-590 nmol/L) than in clinically healthy control dogs (259.5 nmol/L, 97-829 nmol/L; P = 0.01). Despite clinical improvement, there was no significant change in serum 25(OH)D concentrations from baseline to 30-day follow-up. Dogs with baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations <180.5nmol/L had a greater odds of death during hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 15.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-191.3; P = 0.04) and at 30 days follow-up (OR, 30.0; 95% CI, 2.5-366.7; P = 0.006). These findings highlight the need for further studies evaluating the prognostic value of vitamin D status in dogs with blastomycosis at diagnosis and throughout treatment and remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Jacobs
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - L A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J C Pritchard
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide, stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20 and platelet concentrate in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3118. [PMID: 33542412 PMCID: PMC7862601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease transversal to all mammals, a source of chronic pain and disability, a huge burden to societies, with a significant toll in healthcare cost, while reducing productivity and quality of life. The dog is considered a useful model for the translational study of the disease, closely matching human OA, with the advantage of a faster disease progression while maintaining the same life stages. In a prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study, one hundred (N = 100) hip joints were selected and randomly assigned to five groups: control group (CG, n = 20, receiving a saline injection), triamcinolone hexacetonide group (THG, n = 20), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 20), stanozolol group (SG, n = 20) and hylan G-F 20 group (HG). Evaluations were conducted on days 0 (T0, treatment day), 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days post-treatment, consisting of weight distribution analysis and data from four Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI). Kaplan-Meier estimators were generated and compared with the Breslow test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of variables of interest on treatment survival. All results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. Sample included joints of 100 pelvic limbs (of patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. Joints were graded as mild (n = 70), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 10) OA. No differences were found between groups at T0. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all treatments produced longer periods with better results in the various evaluations compared to CG. Patients in HG and PCG took longer to return to baseline values and scores. A higher impact on pain interference was observed in THG, with a 95% improvement over CG. PCG and HG experienced 57-81% improvements in functional evaluation and impairments due to OA, and may be a better options for these cases. This study documented the efficacy of several approaches to relieve OA clinical signs. These approaches varied in intensity and duration. HG and PCG where the groups were more significant improvements were observed throughout the follow-up periods, with lower variation in results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal.
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - A Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - L Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA) - University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ishizaki T, Yamazaki J, Meagawa S, Yokoyama N, Aoshima K, Takiguchi M, Kimura T. Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 hypomethylation in canine malignant mucosal melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:854-860. [PMID: 32187810 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma is a common cancer with a high mortality rate and is a clinically important disease. DNA methylation has been considered to be a potential tumorigenic mechanism through aberrant DNA methylation at promoter region which represses gene transcription. Global hypomethylation could also facilitate chromosome instability. There are few reports regarding DNA methylation in canine malignant melanoma; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine DNA methylation status of long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) to be a surrogate marker of genome-wide methylation changes in this disease. We measured levels of DNA methylation of two adjacent cytosine-guanine sites on CpG island (CGI) at the putative promoter of canine LINE-1 sequence by bisulphite-pyrosequencing in 41 canine melanoma patient samples as well as six cell lines compared with normal mucosae. The survival rates were obtained from owners or medical records. We found DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 in normal mucosae were methylated. Interestingly, both melanoma cell lines and clinical melanoma samples showed remarkable hypomethylation. In addition, patients with lower LINE-1 methylation showed worse prognosis than those with higher LINE-1 methylation, though the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .09). Here, we demonstrate that hypomethylation of LINE-1 is an epigenetically aberrant feature in canine melanoma with possible prognostic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teita Ishizaki
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinji Meagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee BM, Clarke D, Watson M, Laver T. Retrospective evaluation of a modified human lung cancer stage classification in dogs with surgically excised primary pulmonary carcinomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:590-598. [PMID: 32115867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stage classification for canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PPC) was last updated in 1980. In people, the human lung cancer stage classification (HLCSC) (currently in its eighth edition) plays an integral role in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and is prognostic despite a heterogeneous population of tumours. The objective of this retrospective case study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of a canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) adapted from the HLCSC by removal of substage for ease of application to canine PPC. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. Medical records of 71 dogs with histologically confirmed PPC were reviewed. All dogs underwent surgical excision of the primary lung tumour. Primary tumour features (referring to T1-T4 stages) and TNM stages (1-4) were assigned using the CLCSC. Canine lung carcinoma stage was I (n = 7), II (n = 32), III (n = 24) and IV (n = 8). Median survival time was 952, 658, 158 and 52 days for stages I-IV, respectively. Primary tumour features (T1-T4), incomplete surgical excision, presence of lymph node metastasis and tumour grade were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival. Twenty-six dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy; however, no statistically significant benefit was found. The CLCSC primary tumour features and stage classification were highly prognostic for survival in dogs with PPC. We propose further application and evaluation of this update to canine PPC stage classification. Given the poor prognosis of advanced stage canine PPC, novel treatments are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Lee
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dawn Clarke
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maegan Watson
- Blue Pearl Pet Hospital, Sandy Springs, Georgia, USA
| | - Travis Laver
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lakhdhir S, Viall A, Alloway E, Keene B, Baumgartner K, Ward J. Clinical presentation, cardiovascular findings, etiology, and outcome of myocarditis in dogs: 64 cases with presumptive antemortem diagnosis (26 confirmed postmortem) and 137 cases with postmortem diagnosis only (2004-2017). J Vet Cardiol 2020; 30:44-56. [PMID: 32668360 PMCID: PMC7256493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study describes presentation, cardiovascular abnormalities, etiology, and outcome of canine myocarditis in geographic areas not endemic for Trypanosoma or Leishmania. ANIMALS Sixty-four (presumed antemortem diagnosis) and 137 (postmortem diagnosis only) client-owned dogs at two tertiary care facilities were included. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of dogs with clinical or histopathological diagnosis of myocarditis were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Common examination findings in dogs with a presumed antemortem diagnosis included fever (21%) and heart murmur (19%). Median cardiac troponin I was 12.2 ng/mL (range: 0.2-808.0 ng/mL), and troponin exceeded 1.0 ng/mL in 26 of 29 (90%) dogs. Ventricular ectopy was the most common arrhythmia (54%), whereas decreased left ventricular systolic function was the most common echocardiographic abnormality (56%). An infectious etiology was diagnosed in 35 of 64 (55%) dogs. Confirmed infectious etiologies included bacterial sepsis (n = 9) or extension of endocarditis (3), toxoplasmosis or neosporosis (3), parvovirus (2), and one case each of bartonellosis, trypanosomiasis, leptospirosis, and dirofilariasis. Median survival time was 4 days (range: 0-828 days) for all dogs vs. 82 days for dogs who survived at least 2 weeks after diagnosis. Presence of pericardial effusion or azotemia was a significant predictor of non-survival. The most common inflammatory infiltrate on histopathology was neutrophilic (47%), and 20 of 137 (14.5%) dogs had concurrent bacterial endocarditis on postmortem. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial infection was the most common confirmed etiology of myocarditis in this study. Prognosis for canine myocarditis is guarded and similar to that reported for infective endocarditis. Criteria for the antemortem diagnosis of canine myocarditis are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lakhdhir
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 S. Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - A Viall
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 S. Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - E Alloway
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - B Keene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - K Baumgartner
- VCA Veterinary Specialists of Northern Colorado, 201 W. 67th Court, Loveland, CO 80538, USA
| | - J Ward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 S. Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gill SS, Buote NJ, Peterson NW, Bergman PJ. Factors associated with dehiscence and mortality rates following gastrointestinal surgery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:569-573. [PMID: 31429652 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.5.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with dehiscence and mortality rates following gastrointestinal surgery in dogs. ANIMALS 170 client-owned dogs that underwent gastrointestinal surgery from 2010 to 2016. PROCEDURES Medical records of all included dogs were reviewed to collect information on preoperative (breed, sex, age, body weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status classification, emergency status, and plasma lactate concentration), intraoperative (indication for surgery, type of surgery, and whether bacterial peritonitis was identified), and postoperative (development of dehiscence and survival status at 2 weeks after surgery) factors. Preoperative and intraoperative factors were evaluated for associations among each other and with postoperative factors. RESULTS Univariate analyses revealed that preoperative plasma lactate concentration increased with increasing ASA status, and lactate concentrations were significantly higher for nonsurvivors (mean ± SD, 4.6 ± 3.7 mmol/L) than for survivors (2.4 ± 1.7 mmol/L). Multivariate analysis controlling for age, body weight, and plasma lactate concentration revealed that dogs with an ASA status ≥ 3 were more likely to develop dehiscence after gastrointestinal surgery than were dogs with a lower ASA status (OR, 17.77; 95% confidence interval, 2.17 to 144.06). Multivariate analysis also revealed that dogs with an ASA status ≥ 3 or high lactate concentration were less likely to survive than were other dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings regarding ASA status and preoperative plasma lactate concentration and their associations with outcome may help clinicians to determine and provide optimal perioperative care to dogs requiring gastrointestinal surgery as well as to inform owners about prognosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gurtner C, Hug P, Kleiter M, Köhler K, Dietschi E, Jagannathan V, Leeb T. YARS2 Missense Variant in Belgian Shepherd Dogs with Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030313. [PMID: 32183361 PMCID: PMC7140874 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dog puppy loss by the age of six to eight weeks after normal development is relatively uncommon. Necropsy findings in two spontaneously deceased Belgian Shepherd puppies indicated an abnormal accumulation of material in several organs. A third deceased puppy exhibited mild signs of an inflammation in the central nervous system and an enteritis. The puppies were closely related, raising the suspicion of a genetic cause. Pedigree analysis suggested a monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. Combined linkage and homozygosity mapping assigned the most likely position of a potential genetic defect to 13 genome segments totaling 82 Mb. The genome of an affected puppy was sequenced and compared to 645 control genomes. Three private protein changing variants were found in the linked and homozygous regions. Targeted genotyping in 96 Belgian Shepherd dogs excluded two of these variants. The remaining variant, YARS2:1054G>A or p.Glu352Lys, was perfectly associated with the phenotype in a cohort of 474 Belgian Shepherd dogs. YARS2 encodes the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 and the predicted amino acid change replaces a negatively charged and evolutionary conserved glutamate at the surface of the tRNA binding domain of YARS2 with a positively charged lysine. Human patients with loss-of-function variants in YARS2 suffer from myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 2, a disease with clinical similarities to the phenotype of the studied dogs. The carrier frequency was 27.2% in the tested Belgian Shepherd dogs. Our data suggest YARS2:1054G>A as the candidate causative variant for the observed juvenile mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Petra Hug
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Miriam Kleiter
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Dietschi
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-23-26
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumour in dogs and is remarkably similar to the human disease. Tumour biomarker discovery is providing new tools for diagnostics and predicting therapeutic response and clinical outcome. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in post-transcriptional gene regulation and their aberrant expression can impact genes involved in cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize microRNA expression in lymph nodes and plasma from dogs with multicentric B or T cell lymphoma compared to healthy control dogs. We further compared expression between lymph nodes and corresponding plasma samples and assessed changes in expression at relapse compared to time of diagnosis. Lastly, we investigated microRNAs for association with clinical outcome in patients treated with CHOP chemotherapy. A customized PCR array was utilized to profile 38 canine target microRNAs. Quantification was performed using real time RT-qPCR and relative expression was determined by the delta-delta Ct method. In lymph nodes, there were 16 microRNAs with significantly altered expression for B cell lymphoma and 9 for T cell lymphoma. In plasma, there were 15 microRNAs altered for B cell lymphoma and 3 for T cell lymphoma. The majority of microRNAs did not have correlated expression between lymph node and plasma and only 8 microRNAs were significantly different between diagnosis and relapse. For B cell lymphoma, 8 microRNAs had differential expression in the non-remission group compared to dogs that completed CHOP in complete remission. Four of these microRNAs were also altered in patients that died prior to one-year. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for high versus low microRNA expression revealed that 10 microRNAs were correlated with progression-free survival and 3 with overall survival. This study highlights microRNAs of interest for canine multicentric lymphoma. Future goals include development of microRNA panels that may be useful as biomarkers with the intent to provide improved outcome prediction to veterinary cancer patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Dog Diseases/diagnosis
- Dog Diseases/drug therapy
- Dog Diseases/genetics
- Dog Diseases/mortality
- Dogs
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Immunophenotyping
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/mortality
- Male
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Progression-Free Survival
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlee K. L. Craig
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan M. Keller
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leica L, Mitrea IL, Ionita M. Clinical Occurrence of Canine Babesiosis in the Coastal Area of the Black Sea (Dobrogea) in Southeastern Romania and Associated Epidemiological Implications. J Parasitol 2019; 105:491-496. [PMID: 31268412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis (CB) is a significant tick-borne disease caused by intra-erytrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) and is currently emerging or re-emerging in many European countries. Despite the increasing incidence of clinical CB, little is known of the epidemiology of this disease in Romania. Therefore, the present study was conducted to provide epidemiological data on CB in the coastal area of the Black Sea (Dobrogea), southeastern Romania. For this, 306 owned dogs presented during 2016-2018 at a veterinary clinic in the area and clinically suspected for CB were tested for the presence of intra-erytrocytic piroplasms using Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Overall, 27.8% (95% CI: 22.83-33.16) of dogs were positive for large piroplasms. The Babesia spp.-positive dogs were 51 males and 34 females aged from 3 mo to 13 yr (mean 4.2 yr; SD = 3.6). A higher rate of infection was registered in Bichon Maltese (n = 13) and mixed-breed (n = 28) dogs. Most cases (76/85; 89.4%) were diagnosed from March to June, with only a few cases registered in November and December (1 case each). Infected dogs displayed different clinical presentations, varying from mild (38.8%) to moderate (29.4%) and severe disease (29.4%). Based on clinical- pathological changes, 38 (44.7%), 34 (40.0%), and 13 (15.3%) dogs were diagnosed with uncomplicated babesiosis, complicated babesiosis with a single organ dysfunction, and complicated babesiosis with multiple-organ-dysfunction syndrome (MODS), respectively. The recovery rate (81.6%, 70.1%, and 38.4%, respectively) was significantly different in these groups. The age of dogs appeared to be a risk factor for both severe disease (mean age of 5.8 yr) and MODS (mean age 6.8 yr). These findings document the common occurrence of CB in Dobrogea, southeastern Romania, and suggest that appropriate control measures need to be taken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurenţiu Leica
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases and Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan Liviu Mitrea
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases and Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases and Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kohler RJ, Arnold SA, Eck DJ, Thomson CB, Hunt MA, Pluhar GE. Incidence of and risk factors for major complications or death in dogs undergoing cytoreductive surgery for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:1594-1603. [PMID: 30668253 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.12.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine incidence of and risk factors for major complications occurring in dogs within 30 days after cytoreductive surgery performed by a single pair of surgeons for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 160 client-owned dogs that underwent cytoreductive surgery for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses between January 2009 and December 2015 at a veterinary teaching hospital. PROCEDURES Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for complications occurring within 30 days after surgery. Data (eg, signalment, clinical signs, previous treatments, preoperative neurologic examination findings, neuroanatomical location, time from onset of clinical signs to surgery, surgical approach, and histopathologic diagnosis) were analyzed for associations with death and with development of major complications other than death. RESULTS 21 (13.1%) dogs died (11 during hospitalization and 10 after discharge) and 30 (18.8%) developed major complications other than death during the first 30 days after surgery. Dogs with abnormal preoperative neurologic examination findings were more likely to develop complications or die. Dogs undergoing a suboccipital approach were more likely to die. The most common postoperative complications other than death were seizures (n = 18 [11.3%]), worsening of neurologic status (6 [3.8%]), and aspiration pneumonia (6 [3.8%]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study provided valuable information on predisposing factors, odds of major complications or death, and incidences of major complications or death in dogs during the first 30 days after undergoing cytoreductive surgery for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses. Careful case selection may help improve outcomes and minimize complications.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hatch A, Jandrey KE, Tenwolde MC, Kent MS. Incidence of chyloabdomen diagnosis in dogs and cats and corresponding clinical signs, clinicopathologic test results, and outcomes: 53 cases (1984-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:886-892. [PMID: 30211644 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.7.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of chyloabdomen diagnosis in cats and dogs and characterize and compare between species the corresponding clinical signs, clinicopathologic test results, and outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 36 cats and 17 dogs in which chyloabdomen was diagnosed at a veterinary teaching hospital between 1984 and 2014. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed, and data retrieved included patient signalment; clinical signs at initial evaluation; results of physical examination, diagnostic tests, and imaging studies; and outcomes. Survival analyses, descriptive statistics, and comparisons between species were completed. RESULTS The incidence of chyloabdomen at the veterinary teaching hospital during the study period was 2.0 cases/100,000 admissions for cats and 2.8 cases/100,000 admissions for dogs. The mean age at diagnosis of chyloabdomen in cats was 11.3 years, compared with 6.9 years in dogs. The most common clinical signs in dogs and cats combined were lethargy (39/51 [76%]) and anorexia (37/51 [73%]), but fewer (23/53 [43%]) had abdominal distention. Chylothorax was a common comorbidity (25/53 [47%]), with malignant neoplasia being the most common underlying diagnosis (24/53 [45%]). Survival analyses included 44 patients; median survival time from diagnosis of chyloabdomen was 31 days overall, 8 days for patients with malignant neoplasia, and 73 days for patients without neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE There were multiple causes of chyloabdomen in dogs and cats of the study, and outcome depended on underlying cause. Because of this and the rarity of chyloabdomen, a multicenter prospective study of disease progression, treatment response, and clinical outcome for dogs and cats with chyloabdomen is needed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Youn G, Waschak MJ, Kunkel KAR, Gerard PD. Outcome of elective cholecystectomy for the treatment of gallbladder disease in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:970-975. [PMID: 29595398 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.8.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine mortality rates for dogs undergoing cholecystectomy and variables associated with failure to survive to hospital discharge. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 70 dogs that underwent cholecystectomy for biliary tract disease at a companion animal referral hospital from 2009 through 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs were reviewed and data collected; dogs with biliary diversion surgery were excluded. Included dogs were grouped by whether cholecystectomy had been elective (ie, dogs with no or mild clinical signs, with no indication of biliary obstruction, or that initially underwent surgery for a different procedure) or nonelective (ie, dogs with icterus and questionable patency of the biliary system). Mortality rates (proportions of dogs that failed to survive to hospital discharge) were compared between various groups. RESULTS 45 (64%) dogs were included in the elective group and 25 (36%) in the nonelective group. Group mortality rates were 2% (1/45) and 20% (5/25), respectively, and differed significantly. Overall mortality rate was 9% (6/70). Serum albumin concentration was significantly lower and serum alanine aminotransferase activity and total bilirubin concentration were significantly higher in nonsurviving versus surviving dogs. Dogs with vomiting, signs of lethargy or anorexia, icterus, or azotemia were less likely to survive than dogs without these signs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs that underwent elective cholecystectomy had a considerably lower mortality rate than previously reported. Elective cholecystectomy may be an appropriate recommendation for dogs with early signs of biliary disease to avoid the greater mortality rate associated with more advanced disease and nonelective cholecystectomy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dunn D, Creevy KE, Krimer PM. Outcomes of and risk factors for presumed canine H3N2 influenza virus infection in a metropolitan outbreak. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:959-965. [PMID: 29595386 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.8.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine clinical signs, case fatality rate, and factors associated with positive results of PCR testing for canine influenza virus (CIV) in dogs during an H3N2 CIV outbreak in the Atlanta area. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 220 dogs with a nasal swab specimen submitted to an Atlanta-area diagnostic laboratory between May 1 and July 2, 2015, for PCR assay detection of CIV specifically or CIV and 5 other respiratory pathogens. PROCEDURES Veterinarians of tested dogs were surveyed by various means to collect information regarding clinical signs, survival status at the time of survey completion, vaccination history (≤ 12 months prior to testing), and travel history (≤ 2 months prior to testing). Data were compared between CIV-positive and CIV-negative dogs. RESULTS Surveys for 120 (55%) dogs were completed. Forty (33%) of these dogs had positive results of CIV testing. No significant differences were identified between CIV-positive and CIV-negative dogs regarding breed, sex, reproductive status, duration of clinical signs prior to testing, other dogs in the household, or travel history. When other factors were controlled for, CIV-positive dogs were more likely to be adult (> 1 year of age) than juvenile (≤ 1 year of age) and to be inappetent. Only 1 (3%) CIV-positive dog died during the study period (shortly after it was evaluated because of respiratory signs). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE From May 1 to July 2, 2015, the reported clinical signs of dogs tested during the Georgia H3N2 CIV outbreak were similar to those reported for dogs with H3N8 CIV infection, and the case fatality rate was low.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wainberg SH, Brisson BA, Reabel SN, Hay J, Hayes G, Shmon CL, Murphy K, Sears W. Evaluation of risk factors for mortality in dogs with lung lobe torsion: A retrospective study of 66 dogs (2000-2015). Can Vet J 2019; 60:167-173. [PMID: 30705452 PMCID: PMC6340258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this retrospective case series study were to describe a group of 66 dogs with lung lobe torsion (LLT) and to investigate the incidence of complications and risk factors for mortality and overall outcome in this population. Sixty-six dogs with LLT from 3 independent academic institutions were investigated. Information on signalment, history, clinical findings, and interventions was obtained. Associations with mortality outcome were examined via logistic regression. Dogs with a depressed mentation at presentation were 21 times more likely to die than dogs with normal mentation [P = 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.949 to 579.904]. The overall odds of mortality were increased by 18% for each unit change in Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLEfast) score (P = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.998 to 1.44). No other clinical abnormalities correlated with outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H Wainberg
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - Brigitte A Brisson
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - Stephanie N Reabel
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - Jennifer Hay
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - Galina Hayes
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - Cindy L Shmon
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - Kim Murphy
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| | - William Sears
- Departments of Clinical Studies (Wainberg, Brisson, Reabel) and Population Medicine (Sears), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hay, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2; Department of Clinical Sciences (Hayes), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Murphy)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Toepp AJ, Monteiro GRG, Coutinho JFV, Lima AL, Larson M, Wilson G, Grinnage-Pulley T, Bennett C, Mahachi K, Anderson B, Ozanne MV, Anderson M, Fowler H, Parrish M, Willardson K, Saucier J, Tyrell P, Palmer Z, Buch J, Chandrashekar R, Brown GD, Oleson JJ, Jeronimo SMB, Petersen CA. Comorbid infections induce progression of visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:54. [PMID: 30674329 PMCID: PMC6345068 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector borne zoonotic disease endemic in humans and dogs in Brazil. Due to the increased risk of human infection secondary to the presence of infected dogs, public health measures in Brazil mandate testing and culling of infected dogs. Despite this important relationship between human and canine infection, little is known about what makes the dog reservoir progress to clinical illness, significantly tied to infectiousness to sand flies. Dogs in endemic areas of Brazil are exposed to many tick-borne pathogens, which are likely to alter the immune environment and thus control of L. infantum. RESULTS A cross-sectional study of 223 dogs from an area of Natal, in the Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were studied to determine the association between comorbid tick-borne disease and Leishmania infection in this endemic area. The risk of Leishmania seropositivity was 1.68× greater in dogs with tick-borne disease seropositivity compared to those without (Adjusted RR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09-2.61, P = 0.019). A longitudinal study of 214 hunting dogs in the USA was conducted to determine the causal relationship between infection with tick-borne diseases and progression of VL. Hunting dogs were evaluated three times across a full tick season to detect incident infection with tick-borne diseases. A logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations to estimate the parameters was used to determine how exposure to tick-borne disease altered VL progression over these three time points when controlling for other variables. Dogs infected with three or more tick-borne diseases were 11× more likely to be associated with progression to clinical VL than dogs with no tick-borne disease (Adjusted RR: 11.64, 95% CI: 1.22-110.99, P = 0.03). Dogs with exposure to both Leishmania spp. and tick-borne diseases were five times more likely to die during the study period (RR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.65-14.24, P = 0.0051). CONCLUSIONS Comorbid tick-borne diseases dramatically increased the likelihood that a dog had clinical L. infantum infection, making them more likely to transmit infection to sand flies and people. As an important consequence, reduction of tick-borne disease exposure through topical or oral insecticides may be an important way to reduce progression and transmissibility of Leishmania infection from the canine reservoir to people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela J. Toepp
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Glória R. G. Monteiro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - José F. V. Coutinho
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Adam Leal Lima
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Mandy Larson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Geneva Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Tara Grinnage-Pulley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Carolyne Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Kurayi Mahachi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Bryan Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Marie V. Ozanne
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Michael Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Hailie Fowler
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Immunology Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Molly Parrish
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Kelsey Willardson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
| | - Jill Saucier
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092 USA
| | - Phyllis Tyrell
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092 USA
| | - Zachary Palmer
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Jesse Buch
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092 USA
| | | | - Grant D. Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Jacob J. Oleson
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Selma M. B. Jeronimo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - Christine A. Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241 USA
- Immunology Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benavides KL, Rozanski EA, Oura TJ. Lung lobe torsion in 35 dogs and 4 cats. Can Vet J 2019; 60:60-66. [PMID: 30651652 PMCID: PMC6294018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess survival to discharge of animals with surgical or postmortem confirmation of a lung lobe torsion (LLT) as well as to evaluate pre-operative effusion, lung lobe affected, and patient size as prognostic indicators. Medical records search identified 35 dogs and 4 cats with a confirmed diagnosis including 17 small-breed dogs, 18 large-breed dogs, 3 domestic shorthair cats, and 1 minskin cat. Lobes affected included right middle (n = 18), left cranial (n = 18), right cranial (n = 2), left caudal (n = 1), and accessory (n = 1). Two animals died before surgery; the remaining 37 animals underwent thoracotomy. All treated small-breed dogs and cats survived; 12/18 large-breed dogs survived, with an overall survival to discharge of 87%. Pre-operative pleural effusion and affected lung lobe did not affect survival to discharge in this population. Small dogs and cats with LLT appear to have an excellent survival to discharge following thoracotomy and the survival is good in larger dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Benavides
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rozanski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Trisha J Oura
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoffman JM, Lourenço BN, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE. Canine hyperadrenocorticism associations with signalment, selected comorbidities and mortality within North American veterinary teaching hospitals. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:681-690. [PMID: 30039567 PMCID: PMC6559942 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a large population of dogs with a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism at the time of death in North American veterinary teaching hospitals, and to identify comorbid conditions associated with hyperadrenocorticism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 1519 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism from a population of 70,574 dogs reported to the Veterinary Medical Database. Signalment, presence or absence of hyperadrenocorticism, aetiology of hyperadrenocorticism (if described), frequency of select comorbidities and causes of death were evaluated in dogs with and without hyperadrenocorticism. RESULTS Hyperadrenocorticism was more frequent in females. Neutering was associated with a minor, but significant, increase in the odds of hyperadrenocorticism. Hyperadrenocorticism was the presumed cause of death of 393 (25∙9%) of affected dogs. When aetiology was specified (527 dogs, corresponding to 34∙7% of the cases), pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism [387 (73∙4%) out of 527 dogs] was more common than functional adrenocortical tumour [136 (25∙8%) out of 527 dogs). Hyperadrenocorticism was over-represented in certain expected (miniature poodle, dachshund) and unexpected (Irish setter, bassett hound) breeds compared with the population at large. Of the select comorbidities investigated, dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were at increased risk for concurrent diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infection, urolithiasis, hypertension, gall bladder mucocoele and thromboembolic disease compared with dogs without hyperadrenocorticism. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Hyperadrenocorticism is significantly associated with certain comorbid conditions but is not a major cause of mortality in affected dogs. Documented patterns now provide targets for prospective clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Hoffman
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - B. N. Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - D. E. L. Promislow
- Department of Pathology & Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K. E. Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Teng KTY, Devleesschauwer B, Maertens De Noordhout C, Bennett P, McGreevy PD, Chiu PY, Toribio JALML, Dhand NK. Welfare-Adjusted Life Years (WALY): A novel metric of animal welfare that combines the impacts of impaired welfare and abbreviated lifespan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202580. [PMID: 30208045 PMCID: PMC6135394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, separate measures are used to estimate the impact of animal diseases on mortality and animal welfare. This article introduces a novel metric, the Welfare-Adjusted Life Year (WALY), to estimate disease impact by combining welfare compromise and premature death components. Adapting the Disability-Adjusted Life Year approach used in human health audits, we propose WALY as the sum of a) the years lived with impaired welfare due to a particular cause and b) the years of life lost due to the premature death from the same cause. The years lived with impaired welfare are the product of the average duration of each welfare impediment, reflecting the actual condition that compromises animal welfare, the probability of an incident case developing and impaired welfare weights, representing the degree of impaired welfare. The years of life lost are calculated using the standard expected lifespan at the time of premature death. To demonstrate the concept, we estimated WALYs for 10 common canine diseases, namely mitral valve disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, atopic dermatitis, splenic haemangiosarcoma, appendicular osteosarcoma, cranial cruciate ligament disease, thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease and cervical spondylomyelopathy. A survey of veterinarians (n = 61) was conducted to elicit impaired welfare weights for 35 welfare impediments. Paired comparison was the primary method to elicit weights, whereas visual analogue scale and time trade-off approaches rescaled these weights onto the desired scale, from 0 (the optimal welfare imaginable) to 1 (the worst welfare imaginable). WALYs for the 10 diseases were then estimated using the impaired welfare weights and published epidemiological data on disease impacts. Welfare impediment “amputation: one limb” and “respiratory distress” had the lowest and highest impaired welfare weights at 0.134 and 0.796, rescaled with a visual analogue scale, and 0.117 and 0.857, rescaled with time trade-off. Among the 10 diseases, thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease and atopic dermatitis had the smallest and greatest adverse impact on dogs with WALYs at 2.83 (95% UI: 1.54–3.94) and 9.73 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 7.17–11.8), respectively. This study developed the WALY metric and demonstrated that it summarises welfare compromise as perceived by humans and total impact of diseases in individual animals. The WALY can potentially be used for prioritisation of disease eradication and control programs, quantification of population welfare and longitudinal surveillance of animal welfare in companion animals and may possibly be extended to production animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendy Tzu-Yun Teng
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul D. McGreevy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Po-Yu Chiu
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenny-Ann L. M. L. Toribio
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Navneet K. Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borse RH, Atkins CY, Gambhir M, Undurraga EA, Blanton JD, Kahn EB, Dyer JL, Rupprecht CE, Meltzer MI. Cost-effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programs in East Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006490. [PMID: 29791440 PMCID: PMC5988334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog rabies annually causes 24,000-70,000 deaths globally. We built a spreadsheet tool, RabiesEcon, to aid public health officials to estimate the cost-effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programs in East Africa. METHODS RabiesEcon uses a mathematical model of dog-dog and dog-human rabies transmission to estimate dog rabies cases averted, the cost per human rabies death averted and cost per year of life gained (YLG) due to dog vaccination programs (US 2015 dollars). We used an East African human population of 1 million (approximately 2/3 living in urban setting, 1/3 rural). We considered, using data from the literature, three vaccination options; no vaccination, annual vaccination of 50% of dogs and 20% of dogs vaccinated semi-annually. We assessed 2 transmission scenarios: low (1.2 dogs infected per infectious dog) and high (1.7 dogs infected). We also examined the impact of annually vaccinating 70% of all dogs (World Health Organization recommendation for dog rabies elimination). RESULTS Without dog vaccination, over 10 years there would a total of be approximately 44,000-65,000 rabid dogs and 2,100-2,900 human deaths. Annually vaccinating 50% of dogs results in 10-year reductions of 97% and 75% in rabid dogs (low and high transmissions scenarios, respectively), approximately 2,000-1,600 human deaths averted, and an undiscounted cost-effectiveness of $451-$385 per life saved. Semi-annual vaccination of 20% of dogs results in in 10-year reductions of 94% and 78% in rabid dogs, and approximately 2,000-1,900 human deaths averted, and cost $404-$305 per life saved. In the low transmission scenario, vaccinating either 50% or 70% of dogs eliminated dog rabies. Results were most sensitive to dog birth rate and the initial rate of dog-to-dog transmission (Ro). CONCLUSIONS Dog rabies vaccination programs can control, and potentially eliminate, dog rabies. The frequency and coverage of vaccination programs, along with the level of dog rabies transmission, can affect the cost-effectiveness of such programs. RabiesEcon can aid both the planning and assessment of dog rabies vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah H. Borse
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charisma Y. Atkins
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Manoj Gambhir
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A. Undurraga
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jesse D. Blanton
- Poxvirus And Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Kahn
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessie L. Dyer
- Poxvirus And Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Rupprecht
- Poxvirus And Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Martin I. Meltzer
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center of Emerging & Zoonotic Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Turner H, Séguin B, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Lafferty MH, Withrow SJ, Selmic LE. Prognosis for dogs with stage III osteosarcoma following treatment with amputation and chemotherapy with and without metastasectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 251:1293-1305. [PMID: 29154712 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.11.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival times of selected dogs with metastatic (stage III) osteosarcoma, whether disease-free interval (DFI) was associated with survival time after diagnosis of stage III disease (ie, stage III survival time), and whether a survival benefit of metastasectomy existed. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 194 client-owned dogs treated for histologically confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma from 1997 through 2009. PROCEDURES Dogs were included if they had stage I or II osteosarcoma at the time of initial evaluation, had amputation of the affected appendage and ≥ 1 dose of chemotherapy afterward, and developed metastasis within the follow-up period or prior to death. Data collected from the medical records included signalment, primary tumor location, clinical and laboratory findings, whether metastasectomy was performed, and outcome. Various factors were examined for associations with outcome. RESULTS Dogs that received no treatment for the metastasis had a median survival time between 49 and 57 days after diagnosis of stage III osteosarcoma. Duration of the preceding DFI had no association with this period. Metastasectomy alone was associated with a longer median stage III survival time (232 days) than no metastasectomy (49 days). Among all dogs identified as qualifying for pulmonary metastasectomy on the basis of < 3 pulmonary nodules visible on thoracic radiographs and a DFI > 275 days (n = 21), a survival advantage was also identified for those that actually received pulmonary metastasectomy (6). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preceding DFI had no influence on survival time of dogs with stage III osteosarcoma. Metastasectomy was associated with an increase in survival time for selected dogs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Legatti SAM, El Dib R, Legatti E, Botan AG, Camargo SEA, Agarwal A, Barretti P, Paes AC. Acute kidney injury in cats and dogs: A proportional meta-analysis of case series studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190772. [PMID: 29370180 PMCID: PMC5784898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risk of mortality in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cats and dogs remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of mortality in cats and dogs with AKI based on etiology (i.e. infectious versus non-infectious; receiving dialysis versus conservative treatment). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and LILACS were searched up to July 2016. Articles were deemed eligible if they were case series studies evaluating the incidence of all-cause mortality in cats and dogs with AKI, regardless of etiology or the nature of treatment. RESULTS Eighteen case series involving 1,201animalsproved eligible. The pooled proportions for overall mortality were: cats53.1% [95% CI 0.475, 0.586; I2 = 11,9%, p = 0.3352]; dogs 45.0% [95% CI 0.33, 0.58; I2 = 91.5%, P < 0.0001]. A non-significant increase in overall mortality risk was found among dialysed animals relative to those managed with conservative treatment, independent of animal type and the etiology of their AKI. The pooled proportions for overall mortality according to etiology, regardless of treatment type, were: AKI due infectious etiology for cats and dogs, 19.2% [95% CI 0.134, 0.258; I2 = 37.7%, P = 0.0982]; AKI due non-infectious etiology for cats and dogs, 59.9% [95% CI 0.532, 0.663; I2 = 51.0%, P = 0.0211]. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest higher rates of overall mortality in cats and dogs with AKI due to non-infectious etiologies relative to infectious etiologies, and showed non-significant differences in terms of higher rates associated with dialysis compared to conservative management. Further investigations regarding optimal time to initiate dialysis and the development of clinical models to prognosticate the course of disease and guide optimal treatment initiation for less severe cases of AKI in cats and dogs is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Almeida Moreira Legatti
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina El Dib
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- McMaster Institute of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Emerson Legatti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andresa Graciutti Botan
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Schoolof Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pasqual Barretti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Paes
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of and factors associated with survival to hospital discharge in dogs with uroabdomen. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 43 dogs with uroabdomen confirmed at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 2006 through 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and data extracted regarding cause and location of urinary tract rupture, serum creatinine concentration and other variables at hospital admission, and outcomes. Variables were tested for associations with survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS Urinary tract rupture occurred in the urinary bladder (n = 24 [56%]), urethra (11 [26%]), kidney (2 [5%]), ureter (1 [2%]), both the urinary bladder and kidney (1 [2%]), and undetermined sites (4 [9%]). Rupture causes included traumatic (20 [47%]), obstructive (9 [21%]), and iatrogenic (7 [16%]) or were unknown (7 [16%]). Surgery was performed for 37 (86%) dogs; the defect was identified and surgically corrected in 34 (92%) of these dogs. Hypotension was the most common intraoperative complication. Nineteen dogs had information recorded on postoperative complications, of which 10 (53%) had complications that most often included death (n = 3) and regurgitation (3). Thirty-four (79%) dogs survived to hospital discharge. Dogs with intraoperative or postoperative complications were significantly less likely to survive than dogs without complications. Serum creatinine concentration at admission was not associated with survival to discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A high proportion of dogs with uroabdomen survived to hospital discharge. No preoperative risk factors for nonsurvival were identified. Treatment should be recommended to owners of dogs with uroabdomen.
Collapse
|
28
|
Khoo A, Lane A, Wyatt K. Intranasal mast cell tumor in the dog: A case series. Can Vet J 2017; 58:851-854. [PMID: 28761193 PMCID: PMC5508967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The medical records of 4 dogs with histologically confirmed intranasal mast cell tumors (MCTs) were retrospectively evaluated to determine their biological behavior. Information on signalment, presenting clinical signs, tumor grade, treatment administered, and survival times was obtained from the medical record. All 4 patients had high grade tumors and received chemotherapy. Survival times ranged from 27 to 134 days. All 4 dogs showed signs of local or distant disease progression, suggestive of an aggressive behavior of intranasal MCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Khoo
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Alison Khoo; e-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gieger TL, Nettifee-Osborne J, Hallman B, Johannes C, Clarke D, Nolan MW, Williams LE. The impact of carboplatin and toceranib phosphate on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and survival in canine osteosarcoma. Can J Vet Res 2017; 81:199-205. [PMID: 28725110 PMCID: PMC5508385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this pilot study, 10 dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA) were treated with amputation and subsequent carboplatin chemotherapy (300 mg/m2 IV q3wk × 4 doses) followed by toceranib phosphate (2.75 mg/kg PO q48h starting at day 14 post carboplatin). Monthly clinical monitoring and serum measurements of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were acquired. No dogs were removed from the study due to toxicity. Levels of VEGF and MMP-9 did not change over time. Seven dogs died related to local recurrence and/or pulmonary or bone metastasis and the remainder died of other causes. Median OSA-free survival was 238 d with 34% 1-year progression-free survival. Median overall survival was 253 d with 30% alive at 1.5 y and 10% alive at 2 y. Although this regimen was well-tolerated, survival times did not exceed previously published data from dogs treated with amputation plus chemotherapy alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Gieger
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Tracy L. Gieger; telephone: (919) 513-6690; e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lefbom BK, Peckens NK. Impact of collaborative care on survival time for dogs with congestive heart failure and revenue for attending primary care veterinarians. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:72-6. [PMID: 27308884 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of in-person collaborative care by primary care veterinarians (pcDVMs) and board-certified veterinary cardiologists (BCVCs) on survival time of dogs after onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) and on associated revenue for the attending pcDVMs. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 26 small-breed dogs treated for naturally occurring CHF secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease at a multilocation primary care veterinary hospital between 2008 and 2013. PROCEDURES Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with confirmed CHF secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease and collect information on patient care, survival time, and pcDVM revenue. Data were compared between dogs that received collaborative care from the pcDVM and a BCVC and dogs that received care from the pcDVM alone. RESULTS Dogs that received collaborative care had a longer median survival time (254 days) than did dogs that received care from the pcDVM alone (146 days). A significant positive correlation was identified between pcDVM revenue and survival time for dogs that received collaborative care (ie, the longer the dog survived, the greater the pcDVM revenue generated from caring for that patient). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that collaborative care provided to small-breed dogs with CHF by a BCVC and pcDVM could result in survival benefits for affected dogs and increased revenue for pcDVMs, compared with care provided by a pcDVM alone.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hyeroba D, Friant S, Acon J, Okwee-Acai J, Goldberg TL. Demography and health of "village dogs" in rural Western Uganda. Prev Vet Med 2017; 137:24-27. [PMID: 28107877 PMCID: PMC5323002 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
"Village dogs" in developing economies are assumed to be heavily burdened by infectious disease. We followed a cohort of 61 village dogs in rural western Uganda prospectively for fifteen months to measure changes in health and demographic outcomes, and to examine risk factors for morbidity and mortality. The mean (±standard deviation) number of dogs per household was 2.4 (±2.0), of which 56.0% were male and 44.0% female. For females, average age at first estrus was 1.7 (±0.6)years with a mean litter size of 3.8 (±1.5). In the first, second and third parities, average puppy mortality per litter was 3.2 (±2.5), 2.4 (±2.1) and 3.4 (±2.9), respectively. The main causes of morbidity and mortality were infectious disease (46.1%), culling (euthanasia) by owners (30.8%), and attacks by baboons, Papio anubis (23.1%). Cox proportional hazard regression showed that a clinical diagnosis of anemia significantly predicted morbidity (HR=4.3 (95% CI: 1.1-17.8); p<0.05), and younger age significantly predicted mortality (HR=3.6 (95% CI: 1.2-10.6); p<0.05). Our results indicate that infectious disease is indeed important to the health and survival in village dogs in this setting, but that cultural practices related to ownership and interactions with wildlife also contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hyeroba
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sagan Friant
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Johnson Acon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Okwee-Acai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bush M, Carno MA, St. Germaine L, Hoffmann DE. The effect of time until surgical intervention on survival in dogs with secondary septic peritonitis. Can Vet J 2016; 57:1267-1273. [PMID: 27928174 PMCID: PMC5109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study examined the effect of time to intervention on outcome in cases of dogs with secondary septic peritonitis, and also searched for other potential prognostic factors. The medical records of 55 dogs were reviewed. No association was found between outcome and the time from hospital admission to surgical source control. However, several other factors were found to influence survival, including: age, needing vasopressors, lactate, pre-operative packed cell volume, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, and post-operative serum albumin. These values were then used to create accurate pre- and post-operative survival prediction models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Bush
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Maxwell Bush; e-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kjaergaard AB, Carr AP, Gaunt MC. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection in association with acute gastroenteritis in 7 dogs from Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2016; 57:964-968. [PMID: 27587889 PMCID: PMC4982568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven dogs diagnosed with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection in association with acute gastroenteritis are described. Disease severity ranged from mild in adults to fatal disease in young dogs. Enteropathogenic E. coli infection should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in dogs with diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Casey Gaunt
- Address all correspondence to Dr. M. Casey Gaunt; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guieu LVS, Bersenas AM, Brisson BA, Holowaychuk MK, Ammersbach MA, Beaufrère H, Fujita H, Weese JS. Evaluation of peripheral blood and abdominal fluid variables as predictors of intestinal surgical site failure in dogs with septic peritonitis following celiotomy and the placement of closed-suction abdominal drains. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:515-25. [PMID: 27556266 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.5.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate peripheral blood and abdominal fluid variables as predictors of intestinal surgical site failure in dogs with septic peritonitis following celiotomy and closed-suction abdominal drain (CSAD) placement. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 26 dogs with septic peritonitis that underwent celiotomy and CSAD placement. PROCEDURES Abdominal fluid and blood samples were collected prior to surgery and daily thereafter until CSAD removal. Abdominal fluid was collected through the CSAD. Analysis of all samples included pH, PCO2, PO2, PCV, WBC count, and total solids, glucose, lactate, and electrolyte concentrations. Abdominal fluid samples also underwent cytologic evaluation and bacterial culture, and the volume of fluid removed through the drain was recorded daily. The blood-to-fluid glucose and lactate differences, fluid-to-blood lactate ratio and blood-to-fluid WBC and neutrophil ratios were determined daily. Dogs were categorized into 2 groups on the basis of whether they had an uneventful recovery (UR) or developed postoperative septic peritonitis (POSP). RESULTS 23 dogs had a UR and 3 developed POSP. On the third day after surgery, the abdominal fluid WBC count was significantly lower and the blood-to-fluid WBC and neutrophil ratios were significantly higher for dogs in the POSP group, compared with those for dogs in the UR group. None of the other blood and abdominal fluid variables assessed differed significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results failed to identify any objective predictive indicators for POSP in dogs with CSADs. Use of blood-to-fluid WBC and neutrophil ratios as predictive indicators for POSP requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kiupel M, Webster JD, Kaneene JB, Miller R, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. The Use of KIT and Tryptase Expression Patterns as Prognostic Tools for Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Pathol 2016; 41:371-7. [PMID: 15232137 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-4-371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) are one of the most common tumors in dogs. Currently, prognostic and therapeutic determinations for MCTs are primarily based on the histologic grade of the tumor, but a vast majority of MCTs are of an intermediate grade, and the prognostic relevance is highly questioned. A more detailed prognostic evaluation, especially of grade 2 canine MCTs, is greatly needed. To evaluate the prognostic significance of KIT and tryptase expression patterns in canine cutaneous MCTs, we studied 100 cutaneous MCTs from 100 dogs that had been treated with surgery only. The total survival and disease-free survival time and the time to local or distant recurrence of MCTs were recorded for all dogs. Using immuno-histochemistry, 98 of these MCTs were stained with anti-KIT and antitryptase antibodies. Three KIT- and three tryptase-staining patterns were identified. The KIT-staining patterns were identified as 1) membrane-associated staining, 2) focal to stippled cytoplasmic staining with decreased membrane-associated staining, and 3) diffuse cytoplasmic staining. The tryptase-staining patterns were identified as 1) diffuse cytoplasmic staining, 2) stippled cytoplasmic staining, and 3) little to no cytoplasmic staining. Based on univariate and multivariate survival analysis, increased cytoplasmic KIT staining was significantly associated with an increased rate of local recurrence and a decreased survival rate. The tryptase-staining patterns were not significantly associated with any survival parameter. On the basis of these results, we propose a new prognostic classification of canine cutaneous MCTs, according to their KIT-staining pattern, that can be used for the routine prognostic evaluation of canine cutaneous MCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
| | - J D Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wendelburg KM, Price LL, Burgess KE, Lyons JA, Lew FH, Berg J. Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016. [PMID: 26225611 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival time for dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with splenectomy alone, identify potential prognostic factors, and evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 208 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed, long-term follow-up information was obtained, and survival data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS 154 dogs were treated with surgery alone, and 54 were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Twenty-eight dogs received conventional chemotherapy, 13 received cyclophosphamide-based metronomic chemotherapy, and 13 received both conventional and metronomic chemotherapy. Median survival time of dogs treated with splenectomy alone was 1.6 months. Clinical stage was the only prognostic factor significantly associated with survival time. When the entire follow-up period was considered, there was no significant difference in survival time between dogs treated with surgery alone and dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy. However, during the first 4 months of follow-up, after adjusting for the effects of clinical stage, survival time was significantly prolonged among dogs receiving any type of chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.6) and among dogs receiving both conventional and metronomic chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical stage was strongly associated with prognosis for dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. Chemotherapy was effective in prolonging survival time during the early portion of the follow-up period. Combinations of doxorubicin-based conventional protocols and cyclophosphamide-based metronomic protocols appeared to be more effective than either type of chemotherapy alone, but prolongations in survival time resulting from current protocols were modest.
Collapse
|
37
|
Haviland RL, Toaff-Rosenstein RL, Reeves MP, Littman MP. Clinical features of hypoadrenocorticism in soft-coated wheaten terrier dogs: 82 cases (1979-2013). Can Vet J 2016; 57:387-394. [PMID: 27041756 PMCID: PMC4790230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective case series, which included 82 client-owned soft-coated wheaten terriers, was to characterize clinical features of hypoadrenocorticism in this breed. Median age at diagnosis was 3.5 years. There was no gender predilection. Clinicopathologic findings included sodium/potassium ratio < 27 (85%), hyperkalemia (76%), hyponatremia (63%), elevated blood urea nitrogen (83%) or creatinine (71%), and hypercalcemia (36%). Nine dogs with normal sodium and potassium (11%) were older and less often azotemic, hyperphosphatemic, or hypercalcemic. Twenty-one dogs (26%) developed protein-losing nephropathy (n = 18) and/or end-stage renal disease (n = 3). Overall median survival time was 5.4 years, but was shorter in dogs with normal sodium and potassium at diagnosis (4.2 years), or those with subsequent protein-losing nephropathy (4.2 years). This population showed no gender predilection, unlike that reported in the general canine population with hypoadrenocorticism, and more comorbid protein-losing nephropathy than in the general soft-coated wheaten terrier population.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lynch AM, Respess M, Boll AE, Bozych M, McMichael M, Fletcher DJ, De Laforcade AM, Rozanski EA. Hospital-acquired Anemia in Critically Ill Dogs and Cats: A Multi-Institutional Study. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:141-6. [PMID: 26578290 PMCID: PMC4913629 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired anemia is commonly described in people but limited information currently is available regarding its prevalence in animals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Assess the prevalence of hospital-acquired anemia in hospitalized critically ill dogs and cats, and examine its relationship with phlebotomy practices, transfusion administration, and survival to discharge. ANIMALS Eight hundred and fifty-one client-owned animals (688 dogs and 163 cats). METHODS A multicenter, observational study was conducted in which packed cell volume (PCV) was recorded at the time of admission and on subsequent hospitalization days. Signalment, number of blood samples obtained, underlying disease, whether or not blood products were administered, duration of hospitalization, and survival to discharge were recorded. RESULTS Admission anemia prevalence was 32%, with overall prevalence during the hospitalization period of 56%. The last recorded PCV was significantly lower than the admission PCV for both dogs (admission PCV, 42% [range, 6-67%]; last recorded PCV, 34% [range, 4-64%], P < .0001) and cats (admission PCV, 31% [range, 6-55%]; last recorded PCV, 26% [range, 10-46%], P < .0001). Patients that developed anemia had significantly more blood samples obtained (nonanemic, 5 blood samples [range, 2-54]; anemic, 7 blood samples [range, 2-49], P < .0001). Hospitalized cats were significantly more likely to develop anemia compared to dogs (P < .0001), but anemic dogs were significantly less likely to survive to discharge (P = .0001). Surgical patients were at higher risk of developing hospital-acquired anemia compared to medical patients (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hospital-acquired anemia occurred frequently, especially in surgical patients. Additional studies focused on the direct effect of phlebotomy practices on the likelihood of anemia development in hospitalized animals are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Lynch
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - A E Boll
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - M Bozych
- College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - M McMichael
- College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - D J Fletcher
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - A M De Laforcade
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - E A Rozanski
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cowan VE, Blakley BR. A retrospective study of canine strychnine poisonings from 1998 to 2013 in Western Canada. Can Vet J 2015; 56:587-590. [PMID: 26028680 PMCID: PMC4431156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes observations related to 93 cases of strychnine poisoning in dogs over a 16-year period in Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba. Epidemiological information describing age, gender, breed, and size of the dogs, geographical distribution of poisonings, and strychnine concentrations in tissue matrices were tabulated. The mortality in dogs poisoned with strychnine was 60.2%. Strychnine poisoning cases varied by year (P = 0.0012) and by season (P = 0.0005). The highest number of confirmed cases occurred in years 2000 and 2001. Poisonings occurred most frequently during the spring. There were no statistical differences related to age or gender, but older, male dogs appeared to be more commonly affected. Large dog breeds were most commonly affected. Strychnine was detected in multiple tissue matrices, including stomach contents, liver, urine, vomitus, and gastric washings. The study indicates that strychnine poisoning in the dog remains a common toxicosis in western Canada.
Collapse
|
40
|
Westgeest D. [Mortality and disease in newborn pups and kittens]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2014; 139:46-47. [PMID: 24844094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
41
|
Giantin M, Granato A, Baratto C, Marconato L, Vascellari M, Morello EM, Vercelli A, Mutinelli F, Dacasto M. Global gene expression analysis of canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: could molecular profiling be useful for subtype classification and prognostication? PLoS One 2014; 9:e95481. [PMID: 24748173 PMCID: PMC3991658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognosis and therapeutic management of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) depend on clinical stage and histological grade. However, the prognostic value of this latter is still questionable. In the present study, MCT transcriptome was analyzed to identify a set of candidate genes potentially useful for predicting the biological behavior of MCTs. Fifty-one canine MCT biopsies were analyzed. Isolated and purified total RNAs were individually hybridized to the Agilent Canine V2 4x44k DNA microarray. The comparison of reference differentiated and undifferentiated MCT transcriptome revealed a total of 597 differentially expressed genes (147 down-regulated and 450 up-regulated). The functional analysis of this set of genes provided evidence that they were mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, p53 signaling pathway, nucleotide excision repair and pyrimidine metabolism. Class prediction analysis identified 13 transcripts providing the greatest accuracy of class prediction and divided samples into two categories (differentiated and undifferentiated), harboring a different prognosis. The Principal Component Analysis of all samples, made by using the selected 13 markers, confirmed MCT classification. The first three components accounted for 99.924% of the total variance. This molecular classification significantly correlated with survival time (p = 0.0026). Furthermore, among all marker genes, a significant association was found between mRNA expression and MCT-related mortality for FOXM1, GSN, FEN1 and KPNA2 (p<0.05). Finally, marker genes mRNA expression was evaluated in a cohort of 22 independent samples. Data obtained enabled to identify MCT cases with different prognosis. Overall, the molecular characterization of canine MCT transcriptome allowed the identification of a set of 13 transcripts that clearly separated differentiated from undifferentiated MCTs, thus predicting outcome regardless of the histological grade. These results may have clinical relevance and warrant future validation in a prospective study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mery Giantin
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Granato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Chiara Baratto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Emanuela M. Morello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | | | - Franco Mutinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jitpean S, Ström-Holst B, Emanuelson U, Höglund OV, Pettersson A, Alneryd-Bull C, Hagman R. Outcome of pyometra in female dogs and predictors of peritonitis and prolonged postoperative hospitalization in surgically treated cases. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:6. [PMID: 24393406 PMCID: PMC3892096 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common diseases in intact bitches is pyometra--a potentially life-threatening disease associated with a variety of clinical and laboratory findings. The aims of the present study were to describe complications of the disease and to investigate clinically useful indicators associated with peritonitis and/or prolonged postoperative hospitalization. RESULTS A retrospective study was performed using records from 356 bitches diagnosed with pyometra during the years 2006-2007 at the University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Of the 356 bitches, 315 were surgically treated by ovariohysterectomy, 9 were medically treated and 32 were euthanized without treatment. In the surgically treated bitches, univariable associations between clinical and laboratory data, risk for prolonged hospitalization (≥ 3 days) and/or signs of peritonitis, were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression models were used to assess multivariable associations.The most common complication observed in surgically treated bitches was peritonitis (40 bitches), followed by urinary tract infection (19 bitches), wound infection (8 bitches), uveitis (6 bitches), and cardiac arrhythmia (5 bitches). Leucopenia and fever/hypothermia were associated with increased risk for peritonitis (18-fold and three-fold, respectively). Moderate to severe depression of the general condition, pale mucous membranes and leucopenia were associated with increased risk (seven-fold, three-fold, and over three-point-five-fold, respectively) for prolonged postoperative hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Several clinically useful indicators were identified. Leucopenia was the most important marker, associated with 18-fold increased risk for peritonitis and an over three-point-five increased risk for prolonged hospitalization. Fever/hypothermia, depression and pale mucous membranes were associated with increased risk for peritonitis and/or prolonged hospitalization. The results of the present study may be valuable for identifying peritonitis and predicting increased morbidity in surgically treated bitches with pyometra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Jitpean
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ström-Holst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Emanuelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Odd V Höglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Pettersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Costa EM, de Castro TX, Bottino FDO, Garcia RDCNC. Molecular characterization of canine coronavirus strains circulating in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2013; 168:8-15. [PMID: 24216489 PMCID: PMC7117457 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To characterize canine coronavirus (CCoV) circulating in diarrheic puppies in Brazil, 250 fecal samples collected between 2006 and 2012 were tested. By using RT-PCR to partially amplify the M gene, CCoV RNA was detected in 30 samples. Sequence analysis of the M protein grouped eight strains with CCoV-I and another 19 with CCoV-II prototypes. To genotype/subtype the CCoV strains and assess the occurrence of single or multiple CCoV infections, RT-PCR of the S gene was performed, and 25/30 CCoV-positive strains amplified with one or two primer pairs. For 17/25 samples, single infections were detected as follows: six CCoV-I, nine CCoV-IIa and two CCoV-IIb. Eight samples were positive for more than one genotype/subtype as follows: seven CCoV-I/IIa and one CCoV-I/IIb. Sequence analysis revealed that the CCoV-I and IIa strains shared high genetic similarity to each other and to the prototypes. The Brazilian strains of CCoV-IIb displayed an aminoacid insertion that was also described in CCoV-IIb-UCD-1 and TGEV strains. Among the 25 CCoV-positive puppies, five had a fatal outcome, all but one of which were cases of mixed infection. The current study is the first reported molecular characterization of CCoV-I, IIa and IIb strains in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Moutinho Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, CEP 24210-130 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Xavier de Castro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, CEP 24210-130 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Bottino
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, CEP 24210-130 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Nasser Cubel Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, CEP 24210-130 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cima G. Investigation follows dog illnesses, deaths in Ohio. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1087. [PMID: 24236330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
|
45
|
Teixeira TF, Gentile LB, da Silva TC, Mennecier G, Chaible LM, Cogliati B, Roman MAL, Gioso MA, Dagli MLZ. Cell proliferation and expression of connexins differ in melanotic and amelanotic canine oral melanomas. Vet Res Commun 2013; 38:29-38. [PMID: 24126842 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm occurring in several animal species, and is the most frequently found tumor in the oral cavity in dogs. Melanomas are classified into two types: melanotic and amelanotic. Prior research suggests that human amelanotic melanomas are more aggressive than their melanotic counterparts. This study evaluates the behavior of canine melanotic and amelanotic oral cavity melanomas and quantifies cell proliferation and the expression of connexins. Twenty-five melanomas (16 melanotic and 9 amelanotic) were collected from dogs during clinical procedures at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. After diagnosis, dogs were followed until death or euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed the gross melanotic or amelanotic characteristics and tumors were classified according to the WHO. HMB45 or Melan A immunostainings were performed to confirm the diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was quantified both by counting mitotic figures and PCNA positive nuclei. Expressions of connexins 26 and 43 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Dogs bearing amelanotic melanomas presented a shorter lifespan in comparison to those with melanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in amelanotic melanomas. Expressions of Connexins 26 and 43 were significantly reduced in amelanotic melanomas. The results presented here suggest that oral cavity melanotic and amelanotic melanomas differ regarding their behavior, cell proliferation and connexin expression in dogs, indicating a higher aggressiveness of amelanotic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarso Felipe Teixeira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ling M, Norris JM, Kelman M, Ward MP. Risk factors for death from canine parvoviral-related disease in Australia. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:280-90. [PMID: 22424864 PMCID: PMC7133604 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious cause of serious and often fatal disease in dogs worldwide despite the availability of safe and efficacious vaccines. Although a number of studies have focussed on identifying risk factors in disease development, risk factors associated with death from CPV are largely unknown. In this study we analysed a total of 1451 CPV cases reported from an Australian surveillance system - using univariate and multivariate techniques - to determine significant risk factors associated with death and euthanasia. A crude case fatality rate of 42.3% was estimated - higher than has been reported previously. We found that 3.3% of CPV cases had a history of vaccination in the previous 12 months, despite having completed the primary puppy vaccination course. The majority (89.5%) of these cases occurred in dogs <12 months of age, indicating failure of the primary vaccination course to provide protective immunity (most likely due to interference of the vaccine antigen with maternal antibodies but other reasons are discussed). Extending the age at which the final puppy vaccination is administered might be one of several strategies to consider. The final multivariate model showed that in non-litter CPV cases, risk of death was significantly associated with season of diagnosis (summer) and pedigree type (hounds and non-sporting dogs). Euthanasia in non-litter CPV cases was significantly associated with season of diagnosis (summer), state of residence (Northern Territory/South Australia/Tasmania combined), age (
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ling
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Veterinary Science, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meijer M, Beijerink NJ. [Patent ductus arteriosus in the dog: a retrospective study of clinical presentation, diagnostics and comparison of interventional techniques in 102 dogs (2003-2011)]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2012; 137:376-383. [PMID: 22734192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart defect in dogs. If it is left uncorrected, life expectancy in most cases is decreased due to the development of left-sided congestive heart failure. The aim of this study was to describe the dogs diagnosed with PDA in the Utrecht University Companion Animal Clinic from 2003 to 2011. The medical records of 102 patients were retrieved, and the clinical presentation and outcome of PDA closure by surgical ligation or transarterial catheter occlusion (TCO) were reviewed. In the TCO group, the result of coiling was compared with the placement of an Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO). A predisposition to PDA was found in the German Brak, Stabyhoun, and Schapendoes. Dogs treated with surgical ligation were significantly older and heavier than those treated with TCO; within the TCO group, dogs treated with ACDO were significantly older and heavier The initial success rate (complete disappearance of the audible murmur in a patient that survived the procedure) was not significantly different between the different treatment modalities. Major complications were more common with surgical ligation, but the incidence of minor complications was not significantly different. There was no diference in survival between dogs treated with surgical ligation and dogs treated with TCO. This study shows a previously unreported predisposition to PDA in certain breeds. Both surgical ligation and TCO are suitable techniques for PDA closure, although major complications were more common with surgical ligation. ACDO appears to be the method with the least complications and thus can be considered the safest method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Meijer
- Universiteit van Utrecht, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Departement Geneeskunde van Gezelschapsdieren, Yalelaan 108, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, Nederland
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Eubig PA, Biehl ML, Ferguson DC. Concern regarding application of exclusion criteria in PPA study. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:373; author reply 373. [PMID: 22413181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
49
|
Betz D, Schoenrock D, Mischke R, Baumgärtner W, Nolte I. Postoperative treatment outcome in canine mammary tumors. Multivariate analysis of the prognostic value of pre- and postoperatively available information. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2012; 40:235-242. [PMID: 22911254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mammary tumors belong to the most common canine neoplasias. Few data are available on postoperative outcome and independent prognostic value of variables including pre-operatively available parameters such as cytology. The aim of this study was to characterize outcome following surgery and identify independent prognostic factors in canine mammary tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective study in which dogs with mammary tumors underwent surgical tumor removal followed by histopathologic examination of the neoplasias. Kaplan-Meier log rank analysis and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate survival, recurrence-free interval (RFI) and metastasis free interval (MFI) as well as independent influence of variables on outcome. RESULTS 134 dogs with mammary tumors were included. In 126 dogs without distant metastasis, overall survival duration was 1113 d; median RFI and MFI were not reached. Histologic grade showed independent influence on duration of RFI (p=0.040), MFI (p=0.007), and survival (p=0.029). Median survival in benign (n=98), grade 1 (n=10) and grade 2 (n=16) malignant tumors was 1319 d, 670 d, 406 d, respectively. Cytology exerted independent influence on the likelihood for recurrence (p=0.013), duration of RFI (p=0.026) and survival (p=0.030). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Histologic grade was of independent prognostic significance for postoperative outcome in this population of dogs with mammary tumors. As a pre-operatively available parameter, cytology may also possess prognostic value in canine mammary neoplasias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Betz
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|