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Petersen-Cherubini CL, Liu Y, Deffenbaugh JL, Murphy SP, Xin M, Rau CN, Yang Y, Lovett-Racke AE. Dysregulated autotaxin expression by T cells in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 387:578282. [PMID: 38183947 PMCID: PMC10923181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the central nervous system (CNS). In order to understand how activated, autoreactive T cells are able to cross the blood brain barrier, the unique molecular characteristics of pathogenic T cells need to be more thoroughly examined. In previous work, our laboratory found autotaxin (ATX) to be upregulated by activated autoreactive T cells in the mouse model of MS. ATX is a secreted glycoprotein that promotes T cell chemokinesis and transmigration through catalysis of lysophoshphatidic acid (LPA). ATX is elevated in the serum of MS patients during active disease phases, and we previously found that inhibiting ATX decreases severity of neurological deficits in the mouse model. In this study, ATX expression was found to be lower in MS patient immune cells during rest, but significantly increased during early activation in a manner not seen in healthy controls. The ribosomal binding protein HuR, which stabilizes ATX mRNA, was also increased in MS patients in a similar pattern to that of ATX, suggesting it may be helping regulate ATX levels after activation. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) was shown to induce prolonged ATX expression in MS patient Th1 and Th17 cells. Finally, through ChIP, re-ChIP analysis, we show that IL-23 may be signaling through pSTAT3/pSTAT4 heterodimers to induce expression of ATX. Taken together, these findings elucidate cell types that may be contributing to elevated serum ATX levels in MS patients and identify potential drivers of sustained expression in encephalitogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora L Petersen-Cherubini
- The Ohio State University, Neuroscience Graduate Program, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 6894, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Joshua L Deffenbaugh
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Shawn P Murphy
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Matthew Xin
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christina N Rau
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, 460 West 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower 684, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To better define the metabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), its transport in plasma and its interactions with S1P receptors on vascular cells, and to evaluate the effect of statin treatment on the subnormal plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P characteristic of the atherogenic dyslipidemia of metabolic syndrome (MetS). RECENT FINDINGS Neither clinical intervention trials targeted to raising high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels nor human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies have provided evidence to support an atheroprotective role of HDL. Recently however a large monogenic univariable Mendelian randomization on the N396S mutation in the gene encoding endothelial lipase revealed a causal protective effect of elevated HDL-C on coronary artery disease conferred by reduced enzyme activity. Given the complexity of the HDL lipidome and proteome, components of HDL other than cholesterol may in all likelihood contribute to such a protective effect. Among HDL lipids, S1P is a bioactive sphingolipid present in a small proportion of HDL particles (about 5%); indeed, S1P is preferentially enriched in small dense HDL3. As S1P is bound to apolipoprotein (apo) M in HDL, such enrichment is consistent with the elevated apoM concentration in HDL3. When HDL/apoM-bound S1P acts on S1P1 or S1P3 receptors in endothelial cells, potent antiatherogenic and vasculoprotective effects are exerted; those exerted by albumin-bound S1P at these receptors are typically weaker. When HDL/apoM-bound S1P binds to S1P2 receptors, proatherogenic effects may potentially be induced. Subnormal plasma levels of HDL-associated S1P are typical of dyslipidemic individuals at high cardiovascular risk and in patients with coronary heart disease. International Guidelines recommend statin treatment as first-line lipid lowering therapy in these groups. The cardiovascular benefits of statin therapy are derived primarily from reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, although minor contributions from pleiotropic actions cannot be excluded. Might statin treatment therefore normalize, directly or indirectly, the subnormal levels of S1P in dyslipidemic subjects at high cardiovascular risk? Our unpublished findings in the CAPITAIN study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01595828), involving a cohort of obese, hypertriglyceridemic subjects (n = 12) exhibiting the MetS, showed that pitavastatin calcium (4 mg/day) treatment for 180days was without effect on either total plasma or HDL-associated S1P levels, suggesting that statin-mediated improvement of endothelial function is not due to normalization of HDL-bound S1P. Statins may however induce the expression of S1P1 receptors in endothelial cells, thereby potentiating increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase response to HDL-bound S1P, with beneficial downstream vasculoprotective effects. SUMMARY Current evidence indicates that S1P in small dense HDL3 containing apoM exerts antiatherogenic effects and that statins exert vasculoprotective effects through activation of endothelial cell S1P1 receptors in response to HDL/apoM-bound S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Therond
- AP-HP, CHU Bicêtre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicetre
- EA7357, Paris Saclay University, Châte- nay-Malabry
| | - M John Chapman
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University
- Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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Zhao P, Yun Q, Li A, Li R, Yan Y, Wang Y, Sun H, Damirin A. LPA3 is a precise therapeutic target and potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:17. [PMID: 34982278 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have demonstrated that significant increased LPA levels to be observed in ascites in patients with ovarian cancer. Although several studies have shown that Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) related to the progression of ovarian cancer, which LPA receptors (LPARs) and G-coupled protein subtypes mediated in LPA actions have not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the roles of LPA and it is subtype-specific LPARs mediating mechanisms in ovarian cancer integrated using bioinformatic analysis and biological experimental approaches. The big data analysis shown that LPA3 was the only differentially expressed LPA receptor among the six LPARs in ovarian cancer and further verified in immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays. Also found that LPA3 was also highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissue and ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, LPA significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of LPA3-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells, while the LPA-induced actions blocked by Ki16425, a LPAR1/3 antagonist treated, and LPA3-shRNA transfected. In vivo study indicated that the LPA3-overexpressing cell-derived tumors metastasis, tumors volume, and tumors mass were apparently increased in xenografted nude mice. In addition, we also observed that LPA3 was differential high expression in ovarian cancer tissue of the patients. Our studies further confirmed the LPA3/Gi/MAPKs/NF-κB signals were involved in LPA-induced oncogenic actions in ovarian cancer cells. Our findings indicated that the LPA3 might be a novel precise therapeutic target and potential biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qingru Yun
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Aodungerile Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yali Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuewu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongju Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Alatangaole Damirin
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wnorowski A, Wójcik J, Maj M. Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413328. [PMID: 34948125 PMCID: PMC8707311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a recently deorphanized lipid- and peptide-sensing receptor. Its lipidic endogenous agonists belong to lysoglycerophospholipids, with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) being the most studied. Peptide agonists derive from fragmentation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although GPR55 and its ligands were implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, their biological function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct a large-scale re-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets to identify physiological and pathological conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and the production of its ligands. The study revealed that regulation of GPR55 occurs predominantly in the context of immune activation pointing towards the role of the receptor in response to pathogens and in immune cell lineage determination. Additionally, it was revealed that there is almost no overlap between the experimental conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and those modulating agonist production. The capacity to synthesize LPI was enhanced in various types of tumors, indicating that cancer cells can hijack the motility-related activity of GPR55 to increase aggressiveness. Conditions favoring accumulation of PACAP-derived peptides were different than those for LPI and were mainly related to differentiation. This indicates a different function of the two agonist classes and possibly the existence of a signaling bias.
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Caddeo A, Hedfalk K, Romeo S, Pingitore P. LPIAT1/MBOAT7 contains a catalytic dyad transferring polyunsaturated fatty acids to lysophosphatidylinositol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158891. [PMID: 33513444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7), also known as lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1), is an enzyme involved in the acyl-chain remodeling of phospholipids via the Lands' cycle. The MBOAT7 rs641738 variant has been associated with the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease (FLD) and neurodevelopmental disorders, but the exact enzymatic activity and the catalytic site of the protein are still unestablished. Human wild type MBOAT7 and three MBOAT7 mutants missing in the putative catalytic residues (N321A, H356A, N321A + H356A) were produced into Pichia pastoris, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. The enzymatic activity of MBOAT7 wild type and mutants was assessed measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled fatty acids into lipid acceptors. MBOAT7 preferentially transferred 20:4 and 20:5 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). On the contrary, MBOAT7 showed weak enzymatic activity for transferring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, regardless the lipid substrate. Missense mutations in the putative catalytic residues (N321A, H356A, N321A + H356A) result in a loss of O-acyltransferase activity. Thus, MBOAT7 catalyzes the transfer of PUFAs to lipid acceptors. MBOAT7 shows the highest affinity for LPI, and missense mutations at the MBOAT7 putative catalytic dyad inhibit the O-acyltransferase activity of the protein. Our findings support the hypothesis that the association between the MBOAT7 rs641738 variant and the increased risk of NAFLD is mediated by changes in the hepatic phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling. Taken together, the increased knowledge of the enzymatic activity of MBOAT7 gives insights into the understanding on the basis of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hedfalk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Piero Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Cao Y, Ta HT, Kamato D. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 transactivation of TGFBR1 stimulates the mRNA expression of proteoglycan synthesizing genes XYLT1 and CHST3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2020; 1867:118848. [PMID: 32920014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) via transactivation dependent signalling pathways contributes to a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological responses. In the vasculature, hyperelongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on proteoglycans leads to lipid retention in the intima resulting in the early pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated and defined the contribution of transactivation dependent signalling in LPA mediated GAG chain hyperelongation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). LPA acting via the LPA receptor 5 (LPAR5) transactivates the TGFBR1 to stimulate the mRNA expression of GAG initiation and elongation genes xylosyltransferase-1 (XYLT1) and chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase-1 (CHST3), respectively. We found that LPA stimulates ROS and Akt signalling in VSMCs, however they are not associated in LPAR5 transactivation of the TGFBR1. We observed that LPA via ROCK dependent pathways transactivates the TGFBR1 to stimulate genes associated with GAG chain elongation. We demonstrate that GPCR transactivation of the TGFBR1 occurs via a universal biochemical mechanism and the identified effectors represent potential therapeutic targets to inhibit pathophysiological effects of GPCR transactivation of the TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Hang T Ta
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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Hawkins CC, Ali T, Ramanadham S, Hjelmeland AB. Sphingolipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma and Metastatic Brain Tumors: A Review of Sphingomyelinases and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1357. [PMID: 32977496 PMCID: PMC7598277 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis, partially due to our inability to completely remove and kill all GBM cells. Rapid tumor recurrence contributes to a median survival of only 15 months with the current standard of care which includes maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ), a blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant chemotherapy. Radiation and TMZ cause sphingomyelinases (SMase) to hydrolyze sphingomyelins to generate ceramides, which induce apoptosis. However, cells can evade apoptosis by converting ceramides to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P has been implicated in a wide range of cancers including GBM. Upregulation of S1P has been linked to the proliferation and invasion of GBM and other cancers that display a propensity for brain metastasis. To mediate their biological effects, SMases and S1P modulate signaling via phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD). In addition, both SMase and S1P may alter the integrity of the BBB leading to infiltration of tumor-promoting immune populations. SMase activity has been associated with tumor evasion of the immune system, while S1P creates a gradient for trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells. This review will explore the role of sphingolipid metabolism and pharmacological interventions in GBM and metastatic brain tumors with a focus on SMase and S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntanna C. Hawkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Tomader Ali
- Research Department, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 48338, UAE;
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.C.H.); (S.R.)
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Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a group of three enzymes (LPP1–3) that belong to a phospholipid phosphatase (PLPP) family. The LPPs dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of bioactive lipid phosphates, among which lysophosphatidate (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are two important extracellular signaling molecules. The LPPs are integral membrane proteins, which are localized on plasma membranes and intracellular membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. LPPs regulate signaling transduction in cancer cells and demonstrate different effects in cancer progression through the breakdown of extracellular LPA and S1P and other intracellular substrates. This review is intended to summarize an up-to-date understanding about the functions of LPPs in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Cao X, Brouwers JFHM, van Dijk L, van de Lest CHA, Parker CT, Huynh S, van Putten JPM, Kelly DJ, Wösten MMSM. The Unique Phospholipidome of the Enteric Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni: Lysophosholipids Are Required for Motility at Low Oxygen Availability. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5244-5258. [PMID: 32710984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to changes in their environment bacteria need to change both their protein and phospholipid repertoire to match environmental requirements, but the dynamics of bacterial phospholipid composition under different growth conditions is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the phospholipidome of the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Transcription profiling on logarithmic and stationary phase grown cells of the microaerophilic human pathogen C. jejuni using RNA-seq revealed differential expression of putative phospholipid biosynthesis genes. By applying high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, we identified 203 phospholipid species representing the first determination of the phospholipidome of this pathogen. We identified nine different phospholipid classes carrying between one and three acyl chains. Phospholipidome analysis on bacteria of different ages (0-5 days) showed rapid changes in the ratio of phospholipids containing ethanolamine, or glycerol as phospholipid head group and in the number of cyclopropane bond containing fatty acids. Oxygen concentration influenced the percentage of lysophospholipids, and cyclo-propane bonds containing acyl chains. We show that large amounts of the phospholipids are lysophospholipids (30-45%), which mutant studies reveal are needed for normal C. jejuni motility at low oxygen conditions. C. jejuni possesses an unusual phospholipidome that is highly dynamic in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos F H M Brouwers
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda van Dijk
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris H A van de Lest
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Shimizu T, Kassai H, Nakao K, Aiba A, Hara M, Yatomi Y. Protection Against Insulin Resistance by Apolipoprotein M/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Diabetes 2020; 69:867-881. [PMID: 31915150 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with low serum HDL cholesterol levels are reported to be susceptible to diabetes, with insulin resistance believed to be the underlying pathological mechanism. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a multifunctional lipid mediator, on HDL, and the pleiotropic effects of HDL are believed to be mediated by S1P. In the current study, we attempted to investigate the potential association between apoM/S1P and insulin resistance. We observed that the serum levels of apoM were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and that they were negatively correlated with BMI and the insulin resistance index. While deletion of apoM in mice was associated with worsening of insulin resistance, overexpression of apoM was associated with improvement of insulin resistance. Presumably, apoM/S1P exerts its protective effect against insulin resistance by activating insulin signaling pathways, such as the AKT and AMPK pathways, and also by improving the mitochondrial functions through upregulation of SIRT1 protein levels. These actions of apoM/S1P appear to be mediated via activation of S1P1 and/or S1P3. These results suggest that apoM/S1P exerts protective roles against the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism, Diabetes and Nephrology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomo Shimizu
- Research & Development Division, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kassai
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kharel Y, Huang T, Salamon A, Harris TE, Santos WL, Lynch KR. Mechanism of sphingosine 1-phosphate clearance from blood. Biochem J 2020; 477:925-935. [PMID: 32065229 PMCID: PMC7059866 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) synthetic and degradative enzymes as well as S1P exporters creates concentration gradients that are a fundamental to S1P biology. Extracellular S1P levels, such as in blood and lymph, are high relative to cellular S1P. The blood-tissue S1P gradient maintains endothelial integrity while local S1P gradients influence immune cell positioning. Indeed, the importance of S1P gradients was recognized initially when the mechanism of action of an S1P receptor agonist used as a medicine for multiple sclerosis was revealed to be inhibition of T-lymphocytes' recognition of the high S1P in efferent lymph. Furthermore, the increase in erythrocyte S1P in response to hypoxia influences oxygen delivery during high altitude acclimatization. However, understanding of how S1P gradients are maintained is incomplete. For example, S1P is synthesized but is only slowly metabolized by blood yet circulating S1P turns over quickly by an unknown mechanism. Prompted by the counterintuitive observation that blood S1P increases markedly in response to inhibition S1P synthesis (by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2)), we studied mice wherein several tissues were made deficient in either SphK2 or S1P degrading enzymes. Our data reveal a mechanism whereby S1P is de-phosphorylated at the hepatocyte surface and the resulting sphingosine is sequestered by SphK phosphorylation and in turn degraded by intracellular S1P lyase. Thus, we identify the liver as the primary site of blood S1P clearance and provide an explanation for the role of SphK2 in this process. Our discovery suggests a general mechanism whereby S1P gradients are shaped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Anita Salamon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and VT Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
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Józefczuk E, Nosalski R, Saju B, Crespo E, Szczepaniak P, Guzik TJ, Siedlinski M. Cardiovascular Effects of Pharmacological Targeting of Sphingosine Kinase 1. Hypertension 2020; 75:383-392. [PMID: 31838904 PMCID: PMC7055939 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Ang II (angiotensin II), a key pro-hypertensive hormone, mediates target organ consequences such as endothelial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy. S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), produced by Sphk1 (sphingosine kinase 1), plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and downstream organ damage, as it controls vascular tone and regulates cardiac remodeling. Accordingly, we aimed to examine if pharmacological inhibition of Sphk1 using selective inhibitor PF543 can represent a useful vasoprotective and cardioprotective anti-hypertensive strategy in vivo. PF543 was administered intraperitoneally throughout a 14-day Ang II-infusion in C57BL6/J male mice. Pharmacological inhibition of Sphk1 improved endothelial function of arteries of hypertensive mice that could be mediated via decrease in eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation at T495. This effect was independent of blood pressure. Importantly, PF543 also reduced cardiac hypertrophy (heart to body weight ratio, 5.6±0.2 versus 6.4±0.1 versus 5.9±0.2 mg/g; P<0.05 for Sham, Ang II+placebo, and Ang II+PF543-treated mice, respectively). Mass spectrometry revealed that PF543 elevated cardiac sphingosine, that is, Sphk1 substrate, content in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq indicated a decreased expression of cardiac genes involved in actin/integrin organization, S1pr1 signaling, and tissue remodeling. Indeed, downregulation of Rock1 (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1), Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), PKC (protein kinase C), and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) level/phosphorylation by PF543 was observed. In summary, pharmacological inhibition of Sphk1 partially protects against Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, it may represent a promising target for harnessing residual cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Józefczuk
- From the Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (E.J., R.N., P.S., T.J.G., M.S.)
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- From the Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (E.J., R.N., P.S., T.J.G., M.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasglow, United Kingdom (R.N., B.S., E.C., T.J.G.)
| | - Blessy Saju
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasglow, United Kingdom (R.N., B.S., E.C., T.J.G.)
| | - Eva Crespo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasglow, United Kingdom (R.N., B.S., E.C., T.J.G.)
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- From the Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (E.J., R.N., P.S., T.J.G., M.S.)
| | - Tomasz Jan Guzik
- From the Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (E.J., R.N., P.S., T.J.G., M.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasglow, United Kingdom (R.N., B.S., E.C., T.J.G.)
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- From the Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (E.J., R.N., P.S., T.J.G., M.S.)
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13
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Nejatian N, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Pfeilschifter J, Badenhoop K, Koch A, Penna-Martinez M. Vitamin D effects on sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling and metabolism in monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients and controls. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:130-135. [PMID: 30336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated sphingosine 1-phopshate (S1P) concentration was observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). On the other side, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) can influence the formation of sphingosine 1-phopshate (S1P) and the expression of S1P receptors, which are known to be involved in T2D. In order to evaluate mechanisms for the antiinflammatory potential of 1,25(OH)2D3, we investigated whether 1,25(OH)2D3 alters S1P signaling and metabolism in human CD14+ monocytes. Primary monocytes isolated from healthy controls (HC) and T2D patients were treated for 24 h with 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 in the absence or presence of 500 IU/ml interleukin-(IL)-1β. Thereafter, sphingosine kinase (SPHK)1, SPHK2 and S1P receptor 1-5 (S1P1-5) mRNA expression levels were measured by TaqMan™ analyses. Sphingolipid levels in cell supernatant were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment downregulated S1P1 and S1P2 mRNA expression compared to untreated monocytes of HC and T2D patients. In contrast, SPHK1, S1P3 and S1P4 mRNA expression levels were upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment compared to the respective controls. Furthermore, reduced S1P2 and increased S1P3 and S1P4 mRNA expression levels upon treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 occurred in the presence of IL-1β. Additionally, S1P levels in cell supernatants were decreased in monocytes from HC and T2D patients by 1,25(OH)2D3 with or without IL-1β costimulation. The levels of sphingosine in cell supernatants were not influenced by 1,25(OH)2D3. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment can influence S1P receptor and SPHK expression and S1P levels in primary monocytes of both HC and subjects with T2D. These findings justify further investigations into the sphingolipid metabolism and potential benefits of vitamin D treatment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojan Nejatian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Nutahara E, Abe E, Uno S, Ishibashi Y, Watanabe T, Hayashi M, Okino N, Ito M. The glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase PLAT2 functions in the generation of DHA-rich glycerolipids in Aurantiochytrium limacinum F26-b. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211164. [PMID: 30699157 PMCID: PMC6353168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids possess docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) as acyl chain(s) of triacylglycerol (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), some of which contain multiple DHAs. However, little is known about how these DHA-rich glycerolipids are produced in thraustochytrids. In this study, we identified PLAT2 in Aurantiochytrium limacinum F26-b as a glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) acyltransferase (GPAT) by heterologous expression of the gene in budding yeast. Subsequently, we found that GPAT activity was reduced by disruption of the PLAT2 gene in A. limacinum, resulting in a decrease in DHA-containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA 22:6). Conversely, overexpression of PLAT2 increased both GPAT activity and LPA 22:6. These results indicate that PLAT2 is a GPAT that transfers DHA to G3P in vivo as well as in vitro. Overexpression of the PLAT2 gene increased the production of a two DHA-containing diacylglycerol (DG 44:12), followed by an increase in the three DHA-containing TG (TG 66:18), two-DHA-containing TG (TG 60:12), and two DHA-containing PC (PC 44:12). However, overexpression of PLAT2 did not increase DHA-free DG (DG32:0), which was preferentially converted to three 16:0-containing TG (TG 48:0) but not two 16:0-containing PC (PC 32:0). Collectively, we revealed that DHA-rich glycerolipids are produced from a precursor, LPA 22:6, which is generated by incorporating DHA to G3P by PLAT2 in the A. limacinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nutahara
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Abe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Uno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1–1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovative Bio-architecture Center, Kyushu University, Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Budkowska M, Ostrycharz E, Wojtowicz A, Marcinowska Z, Woźniak J, Ratajczak MZ, Dołęgowska B. A Circadian Rhythm in both Complement Cascade (ComC) Activation and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) Levels in Human Peripheral Blood Supports a Role for the ComC-S1P Axis in Circadian Changes in the Number of Stem Cells Circulating in Peripheral Blood. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:677-685. [PMID: 29911288 PMCID: PMC6132735 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) circulating in peripheral blood (PB) is regulated by a circadian rhythm, and more HSPCs circulate in PB in the morning hours than at night. Different mechanisms have been proposed that might regulate this process, including changes in tonus of β-adrenergic innervation of bone marrow (BM) tissue. Our group reported that in mice circadian changes in the number of HSPCs circulating in PB correlates with diurnal activation of the complement cascade (ComC) and that the mice deficient in C5 component of ComC (C5-KO mice) do not show circadian changes in the number of circulating HSPCs in PB. We also reported the existence of a gradient between PB and BM of a bioactive phosphosphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is a major PB chemottractant for BM-residing HSPCs. Based on these observations, we investigated activation of the ComC and the level of S1P in the PB of 66 healthy volunteers. We found that both ComC activation and the S1P level undergo changes in a circadian cycle. While the ComC becomes highly activated during deep sleep at 2 am, S1P becomes activated later, and its highest level is observed at 8 am, which precedes circadian egress of HSPCs from BM into PB. In sum, circadian activation of the ComC-S1P axis releases HSPCs from BM into PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ostrycharz
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wojtowicz
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Marcinowska
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, ul. Narutowicza 17C, 70-240, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Woźniak
- Institute of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Szczecin, Ul. Wielkopolska 15, 70-451, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw Medical University, ul. Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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16
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Arish M, Husein A, Ali R, Tabrez S, Naz F, Ahmad MZ, Rub A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in Leishmania donovani infection in macrophages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006647. [PMID: 30118478 PMCID: PMC6118390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a crucial regulator of a wide array of cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, but its role in Leishmania donovani infection is unknown. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, we observed that L. donovani infection in THP-1 derived macrophages (TDM) leads to decrease in the expression of S1pr2 and S1pr3 at mRNA level. We further observed that Leishmania infection inhibits the phosphorylation of sphingosine kinase 1 (sphK1) in a time-dependent manner. Exogenous S1P supplementation decreases L. donovani induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increases p38 phosphorylation in TDM, resulting in a decrease in the intracellular parasite burden in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, sphK inhibition by DMS increases ERK1/2 phosphorylation leading to increased IL-10 and parasite load. To gain further insight, cytokines expression were checked in S1P supplemented TDM and we observed increase in IL-12, while decrease IL-10 expression at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, treatment of antagonist of S1PR2 and S1PR3 such as JTE-013 and CAY10444 respectively enhanced Leishmania-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and parasite load. CONCLUSIONS Our overall study not only reports the significant role of S1P signaling during L. donovani infection but also provides a novel platform for the development of new drugs against Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Atahar Husein
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rahat Ali
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Farha Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Zulfazal Ahmad
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: , ,
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17
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Benesch MGK, Yang Z, Tang X, Meng G, Brindley DN. Lysophosphatidate Signaling: The Tumor Microenvironment's New Nemesis. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:748-752. [PMID: 29120750 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidate (LPA) is emerging as a potent mediator of cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment. Strategies for targeting LPA signaling have recently entered clinical trials for fibrosis. These therapies have potential to improve the efficacies of existing chemotherapies and radiotherapy by attenuating chronic inflammation, irrespective of diverse mutations within cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G K Benesch
- Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada; Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Zelei Yang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Guanmin Meng
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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18
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Liu L, Guo Q, He Z, Xia X, Water DLE, Raymond CA, King GJ. Genotypic Variation in Wheat Flour Lysophospholipids. Molecules 2017; 22:E909. [PMID: 28561766 PMCID: PMC6152675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are the most abundant polar lipids in wheat endosperm and naturally complex with amylose, affecting starch physicochemical properties. We analyzed LPLs in wheat flour from 58 cultivars which differ by grain hardness using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). There were significant differences in LPL content between cultivars, demonstrating that genotype rather than environment contributes most to the total variance in wheat endosperm LPLs. Polar lipids such as LPLs may play a role in grain hardness through their interaction with puroindoline proteins, however, no strong correlation between kernel hardness and LPLs was detected. This may reflect the location of LPLs within the starch granule as opposed to the puroindoline proteins outside starch granules. LPLs may have an indirect relationship with kernel hardness as they could share the same origin as polar lipids that interact with puroindoline on the starch granule surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Qi Guo
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- CIMMYT China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Daniel L E Water
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Carolyn A Raymond
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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19
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Al-Jarallah A, Oriowo M. The effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate on colonic smooth muscle contractility: Modulation by TNBS-induced colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170792. [PMID: 28493876 PMCID: PMC5426588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Increased levels of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been reported in ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of S1P on colonic smooth muscle contractility and how is it affected by colitis. Methods Colonic inflammation was induced by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Five days later colon segments were isolated and used for contractility experiments and immunoblotting. Results S1P contracted control and inflamed colon segments and the contraction was significantly greater in inflamed colon segments. S1P-induced contraction was mediated by S1PR1 and S1PR2 in control and S1PR2 in inflamed colon segments. S1PR3 did not play a significant role in S1P-induced contractions in control or inflamed colon. S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR3 proteins were expressed in colon segments from both groups. The expression of S1PR1 and S1PR2 was significantly enhanced in control and inflamed colon segments, respectively. S1PR3 levels however were not significantly different between the two groups. Nifedipine significantly reduced S1P-induced contraction in control but not inflamed colon segments. Thapsigargin significantly reduced S1P-induced contraction of the inflamed colon. GF 109203X and Y-27632, alone abolished S1P-induced contraction of the control but not inflamed colon segments. Combination of GF 109203X, Y-27632 and thapsigargin abolished S1P-induced contraction of inflamed colon segments. Conclusion S1P contracted control colon via S1PR1 and S1PR2 and inflamed colon exclusively via S1PR2. Calcium influx (control) or release (inflamed) and calcium sensitization are involved in S1P-induced contraction. Exacerbated response to S1P in colitic colon segments may explain altered colonic motility reported in patients and experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabreya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Mabayoje Oriowo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabreya, Kuwait
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Luo B, Gan W, Liu Z, Shen Z, Wang J, Shi R, Liu Y, Liu Y, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Wu Y. Erythropoeitin Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Dying Cell Clearance and Immune Tolerance. Immunity 2016; 44:287-302. [PMID: 26872696 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The failure of apoptotic cell clearance is linked to autoimmune diseases, nonresolving inflammation, and developmental abnormalities; however, pathways that regulate phagocytes for efficient apoptotic cell clearance remain poorly known. Apoptotic cells release find-me signals to recruit phagocytes to initiate their clearance. Here we found that find-me signal sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) activated macrophage erythropoietin (EPO) signaling promoted apoptotic cell clearance and immune tolerance. Dying cell-released S1P activated macrophage EPO signaling. Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR)-deficient macrophages exhibited impaired apoptotic cell phagocytosis. EPO enhanced apoptotic cell clearance through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Moreover, macrophage-specific Epor(-/-) mice developed lupus-like symptoms, and interference in EPO signaling ameliorated the disease progression in lupus-like mice. Thus, we have identified a pathway that regulates macrophages to clear dying cells, uncovered the priming function of find-me signal S1P, and found a role of the erythropoiesis regulator EPO in apoptotic cell disposal, with implications for harnessing dying cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Woting Gan
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zongwei Liu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zigang Shen
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology of PLA, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Santos-Cortez RLP, Faridi R, Rehman AU, Lee K, Ansar M, Wang X, Morell RJ, Isaacson R, Belyantseva IA, Dai H, Acharya A, Qaiser TA, Muhammad D, Ali RA, Shams S, Hassan MJ, Shahzad S, Raza SI, Bashir ZEH, Smith JD, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Riazuddin S, Ahmad W, Friedman TB, Leal SM. Autosomal-Recessive Hearing Impairment Due to Rare Missense Variants within S1PR2. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:331-8. [PMID: 26805784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are a well-studied class of transmembrane G protein-coupled sphingolipid receptors that mediate multiple cellular processes. However, S1PRs have not been previously reported to be involved in the genetic etiology of human traits. S1PR2 lies within the autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI) locus DFNB68 on 19p13.2. From exome sequence data we identified two pathogenic S1PR2 variants, c.323G>C (p.Arg108Pro) and c.419A>G (p.Tyr140Cys). Each of these variants co-segregates with congenital profound hearing impairment in consanguineous Pakistani families with maximum LOD scores of 6.4 for family DEM4154 and 3.3 for family PKDF1400. Neither S1PR2 missense variant was reported among ∼120,000 chromosomes in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, in 76 unrelated Pakistani exomes, or in 720 Pakistani control chromosomes. Both DNA variants affect highly conserved residues of S1PR2 and are predicted to be damaging by multiple bioinformatics tools. Molecular modeling predicts that these variants affect binding of sphingosine-1-phosphate (p.Arg108Pro) and G protein docking (p.Tyr140Cys). In the previously reported S1pr2(-/-) mice, stria vascularis abnormalities, organ of Corti degeneration, and profound hearing loss were observed. Additionally, hair cell defects were seen in both knockout mice and morphant zebrafish. Family PKDF1400 presents with ARNSHI, which is consistent with the lack of gross malformations in S1pr2(-/-) mice, whereas family DEM4154 has lower limb malformations in addition to hearing loss. Our findings suggest the possibility of developing therapies against hair cell damage (e.g., from ototoxic drugs) through targeted stimulation of S1PR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rabia Faridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Atteeq U Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rivka Isaacson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Inna A Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hang Dai
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tanveer A Qaiser
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Dost Muhammad
- Chandka Medical College, Larkana, Sindh 77150, Pakistan
| | | | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zil-E-Huma Bashir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- University of Lahore, Lahore 54550, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Hospital Complex, Lahore 54550, Pakistan; Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zhang Y, Pan Y, Bian Z, Chen P, Zhu S, Gu H, Guo L, Hu C. Ceramide Production Mediates Aldosterone-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) Damages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146944. [PMID: 26788916 PMCID: PMC4720365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we studied the underlying mechanism of aldosterone (Aldo)-induced vascular endothelial cell damages by focusing on ceramide. We confirmed that Aldo (at nmol/L) inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) survival, and induced considerable cell apoptosis. We propose that ceramide (mainly C18) production might be responsible for Aldo-mediated damages in HUVECs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an anti-ceramide lipid, attenuated Aldo-induced ceramide production and following HUVEC damages. On the other hand, the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor PDMP or the ceramide (C6) potentiated Aldo-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, almost completely blocked Aldo-induced C18 ceramide production and HUVEC damages. Molecularly, ceramide synthase 1 (CerS-1) is required for C18 ceramide production by Aldo. Knockdown of CerS-1 by targeted-shRNA inhibited Aldo-induced C18 ceramide production, and protected HUVECs from Aldo. Reversely, CerS-1 overexpression facilitated Aldo-induced C18 ceramide production, and potentiated HUVEC damages. Together, these results suggest that C18 ceramide production mediates Aldo-mediated HUVEC damages. MR and CerS-1 could be the two signaling molecule regulating C18 ceramide production by Aldo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Zhixiang Bian
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Peihua Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shijian Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Huiyi Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Barnawi J, Tran H, Jersmann H, Pitson S, Roscioli E, Hodge G, Meech R, Haberberger R, Hodge S. Potential Link between the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) System and Defective Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122771. [PMID: 26485657 PMCID: PMC4617901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously reported that alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are defective in their ability to phagocytose apoptotic cells, with a similar defect in response to cigarette smoke. The exact mechanisms for this defect are unknown. Sphingolipids including ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are involved in diverse cellular processes and we hypothesised that a comprehensive analysis of this system in alveolar macrophages in COPD may help to delineate the reasons for defective phagocytic function. Methods We compared mRNA expression of sphingosine kinases (SPHK1/2), S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) and S1P-degrading enzymes (SGPP1, SGPP2, SGPL1) in bronchoalveolar lavage-derived alveolar macrophages from 10 healthy controls, 7 healthy smokers and 20 COPD patients (10 current- and 10 ex-smokers) using Real-Time PCR. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was investigated using flow cytometry. Functional associations were assessed between sphingosine signalling system components and alveolar macrophage phagocytic ability in COPD. To elucidate functional effects of increased S1PR5 on macrophage phagocytic ability, we performed the phagocytosis assay in the presence of varying concentrations of suramin, an antagonist of S1PR3 and S1PR5. The effects of cigarette smoking on the S1P system were investigated using a THP-1 macrophage cell line model. Results We found significant increases in SPHK1/2 (3.4- and 2.1-fold increases respectively), S1PR2 and 5 (4.3- and 14.6-fold increases respectively), and SGPL1 (4.5-fold increase) in COPD vs. controls. S1PR5 and SGPL1 expression was unaffected by smoking status, suggesting a COPD “disease effect” rather than smoke effect per se. Significant associations were noted between S1PR5 and both lung function and phagocytosis. Cigarette smoke extract significantly increased mRNA expression of SPHK1, SPHK2, S1PR2 and S1PR5 by THP-1 macrophages, confirming the results in patient-derived macrophages. Antagonising SIPR5 significantly improved phagocytosis. Conclusion Our results suggest a potential link between the S1P signalling system and defective macrophage phagocytic function in COPD and advise therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Barnawi
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hai Tran
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart Pitson
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy & Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Dept of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Wang K, Xu R, Schrandt J, Shah P, Gong YZ, Preston C, Wang L, Yi JK, Lin CL, Sun W, Spyropoulos DD, Rhee S, Li M, Zhou J, Ge S, Zhang G, Snider AJ, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. Alkaline Ceramidase 3 Deficiency Results in Purkinje Cell Degeneration and Cerebellar Ataxia Due to Dyshomeostasis of Sphingolipids in the Brain. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005591. [PMID: 26474409 PMCID: PMC4608763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyshomeostasis of both ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the brain has been implicated in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans. However, mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis of these bioactive sphingolipids in the brain remain unclear. Mouse alkaline ceramidase 3 (Acer3), which preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of C18:1-ceramide, a major unsaturated long-chain ceramide species in the brain, is upregulated with age in the mouse brain. Acer3 knockout causes an age-dependent accumulation of various ceramides and C18:1-monohexosylceramide and abolishes the age-related increase in the levels of sphingosine and S1P in the brain; thereby resulting in Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum and deficits in motor coordination and balance. Our results indicate that Acer3 plays critically protective roles in controlling the homeostasis of various sphingolipids, including ceramides, sphingosine, S1P, and certain complex sphingolipids in the brain and protects Purkinje cells from premature degeneration. Bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphates, have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains unclear as to how the homeostasis of these bioactive lipids is sustained. Alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of saturated long-chain ceramides (C18:1-ceramide and C20:1-ceramide) to generate sphingosine (SPH), which is phosphorylated to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In this study we found that Acer3 is upregulated with age in the mouse brain and blocking Acer3 upregulation elevates the levels of ceramides while reducing S1P levels in the brain, thereby resulting in Purkinje cell loss and cerebellar ataxia. This study not only offers novel insights into the role for the homeostasis of ceramides and their metabolites in regulating normal aging of the cerebellum, but also provides a useful genetic tool to dissect the mechanism by which an aberrant accumulation of ceramides results in age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Schrandt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Prithvi Shah
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Z. Gong
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chet Preston
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Wang
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Sun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Demetri D. Spyropoulos
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Soyoung Rhee
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Song J, Guan M, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Type I Interferons Function as Autocrine and Paracrine Factors to Induce Autotaxin in Response to TLR Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136629. [PMID: 26313906 PMCID: PMC4552386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important phospholipid mediator in inflammation and immunity. However, the mechanism of LPA regulation during inflammatory response is largely unknown. Autotaxin (ATX) is the key enzyme to produce extracellular LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). In this study, we found that ATX was induced in monocytic THP-1 cells by TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TLR9 ligand CpG oligonucleotide, and TLR3 ligand poly(I:C), respectively. The ATX induction by TLR ligand was abolished by the neutralizing antibody against IFN-β or the knockdown of IFNAR1, indicating that type I IFN autocrine loop is responsible for the ATX induction upon TLR activation. Both IFN-β and IFN-α were able to induce ATX expression via the JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT pathways but with different time-dependent manners. The ATX induction by IFN-β was dramatically enhanced by IFN-γ, which had no significant effect on ATX expression alone, suggesting a synergy effect between type I and type II IFNs in ATX induction. Extracellular LPA levels were significantly increased when THP-1 cells were treated with IFN-α/β or TLR ligands. In addition, the type I IFN-mediated ATX induction was identified in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) stimulated with LPS or poly(I:C), and IFN-α/β could induce ATX expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes isolated form blood samples. These results suggest that, in response to TLR activation, ATX is induced through a type I INF autocrine-paracrine loop to enhance LPA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Galvani S, Sanson M, Blaho VA, Swendeman SL, Obinata H, Conger H, Dahlbäck B, Kono M, Proia RL, Smith JD, Hla T. HDL-bound sphingosine 1-phosphate acts as a biased agonist for the endothelial cell receptor S1P1 to limit vascular inflammation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra79. [PMID: 26268607 PMCID: PMC4768813 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) is abundant in endothelial cells, where it regulates vascular development and microvascular barrier function. In investigating the role of endothelial cell S1P1 in adult mice, we found that the endothelial S1P1 signal was enhanced in regions of the arterial vasculature experiencing inflammation. The abundance of proinflammatory adhesion proteins, such as ICAM-1, was enhanced in mice with endothelial cell-specific deletion of S1pr1 and suppressed in mice with endothelial cell-specific overexpression of S1pr1, suggesting a protective function of S1P1 in vascular disease. The chaperones ApoM(+)HDL (HDL) or albumin bind to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in the circulation; therefore, we tested the effects of S1P bound to each chaperone on S1P1 signaling in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exposure of HUVECs to ApoM(+)HDL-S1P, but not to albumin-S1P, promoted the formation of a cell surface S1P1-β-arrestin 2 complex and attenuated the ability of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα to activate NF-κB and increase ICAM-1 abundance. Although S1P bound to either chaperone induced MAPK activation, albumin-S1P triggered greater Gi activation and receptor endocytosis. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of S1pr1 in the hypercholesterolemic Apoe(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis enhanced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the descending aorta. We propose that the ability of ApoM(+)HDL to act as a biased agonist on S1P1 inhibits vascular inflammation, which may partially explain the cardiovascular protective functions of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Galvani
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marie Sanson
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victoria A Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steven L Swendeman
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hideru Obinata
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heather Conger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Sun HL, Jiang T. The structure of nerve growth factor in complex with lysophosphatidylinositol. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:906-12. [PMID: 26144237 PMCID: PMC4498713 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15008870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important protein that is involved in a variety of physiological processes in cell survival, differentiation, proliferation and maintenance. The previously reported crystal structure of mouse NGF (mNGF) in complex with lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) showed that mNGF can bind LysoPS at its dimeric interface. To expand the understanding of the structural basis for specific lipid recognition by NGF, the crystal structure of mNGF complexed with lysophosphatidylinositol (13:0 LysoPI) was solved. Interestingly, in addition to Lys88, which interacts with the head glycerol group and the phosphate group of LysoPI, as seen in the mNGF-LysoPS structure, two additional residues, Tyr52 and Arg50, were found to assist in lipid binding by forming hydrogen bonds to the inositol moiety of the LysoPI molecule. The results suggest a specific recognition mechanism of inositol group-containing lipids by NGF, which may help in the design of bioactive compounds that can be delivered by NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Li Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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28
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St John AL, Ang WXG, Huang MN, Kunder CA, Chan EW, Gunn MD, Abraham SN. S1P-Dependent trafficking of intracellular yersinia pestis through lymph nodes establishes Buboes and systemic infection. Immunity 2014; 41:440-450. [PMID: 25238098 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathologically swollen lymph nodes (LNs), or buboes, characterize Yersinia pestis infection, yet how they form and function is unknown. We report that colonization of the draining LN (dLN) occurred due to trafficking of infected dendritic cells and monocytes in temporally distinct waves in response to redundant chemotactic signals, including through CCR7, CCR2, and sphingosine-1-phospate (S1P) receptors. Retention of multiple subsets of phagocytes within peripheral LNs using the S1P receptor agonist FTY720 or S1P1-specific agonist SEW2871 increased survival, reduced colonization of downstream LNs, and limited progression to transmission-associated septicemic or pneumonic disease states. Conditional deletion of S1P1 in mononuclear phagocytes abolished node-to-node trafficking of infected cells. Thus, Y. pestis-orchestrated LN remodeling promoted its dissemination via host cells through the lymphatic system but can be blocked by prevention of leukocyte egress from DLNs. These findings define a novel trafficking route of mononuclear phagocytes and identify S1P as a therapeutic target during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - W X Gladys Ang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Min-Nung Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christian A Kunder
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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29
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Degagné E, Pandurangan A, Bandhuvula P, Kumar A, Eltanawy A, Zhang M, Yoshinaga Y, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Fong LG, Young SG, Bittman R, Ahmedi Y, Saba JD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase downregulation promotes colon carcinogenesis through STAT3-activated microRNAs. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5368-84. [PMID: 25347472 DOI: 10.1172/jci74188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a link between inflammation and cancer; however, mediators of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis remain incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) irreversibly degrades the bioactive sphingolipid S1P and is highly expressed in enterocytes but downregulated in colon cancer. Here, we investigated the role of SPL in colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We generated mice with intestinal epithelium-specific Sgpl1 deletion and chemically induced colitis and tumor formation in these animals. Compared with control animals, mice lacking intestinal SPL exhibited greater disease activity, colon shortening, cytokine levels, S1P accumulation, tumors, STAT3 activation, STAT3-activated microRNAs (miRNAs), and suppression of miR-targeted anti-oncogene products. This phenotype was attenuated by STAT3 inhibition. In fibroblasts, silencing SPL promoted tumorigenic transformation through a pathway involving extracellular transport of S1P through S1P transporter spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), S1P receptor activation, JAK2/STAT3-dependent miR-181b-1 induction, and silencing of miR-181b-1 target cylindromatosis (CYLD). Colon biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease revealed enhanced S1P and STAT3 signaling. In mice with chemical-induced CAC, oral administration of plant-type sphingolipids called sphingadienes increased colonic SPL levels and reduced S1P levels, STAT3 signaling, cytokine levels, and tumorigenesis, indicating that SPL prevents transformation and carcinogenesis. Together, our results suggest that dietary sphingolipids can augment or prevent colon cancer, depending upon whether they are metabolized to S1P or promote S1P metabolism through the actions of SPL.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde-Lyases/biosynthesis
- Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins/genetics
- Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
- Lysophospholipids/genetics
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/genetics
- Sphingosine/metabolism
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30
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Kondo S, Bottos A, Allegood JC, Masson R, Maurer FG, Genoud C, Kaeser P, Huwiler A, Murakami M, Spiegel S, Hynes NE. Memo has a novel role in S1P signaling and is [corrected] crucial for vascular development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94114. [PMID: 24714781 PMCID: PMC3979765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memo is a conserved protein that was identified as an essential mediator of tumor cell motility induced by receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Here we show that Memo null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are impaired in PDGF-induced migration and this is due to a defect in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling. S1P is a bioactive phospholipid produced in response to multiple stimuli, which regulates many cellular processes. S1P is secreted to the extracellular milieu where it exerts its function by binding a family of G-protein coupled receptors (S1PRs), causing their activation in an autocrine or paracrine manner. The process, termed cell-autonomous S1PR signaling, plays a role in survival and migration. Indeed, PDGF uses cell-autonomous S1PR signaling to promote cell migration; we show here that this S1P pathway requires Memo. Using vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Memo knock-down we show that their survival in conditions of serum-starvation is impaired. Furthermore, Memo loss in HUVECs causes a reduction of junctional VE-cadherin and an increase in sprout formation. Each of these phenotypes is rescued by S1P or S1P agonist addition, showing that Memo also plays an important role in cell-autonomous S1PR signaling in endothelial cells. We also produced conventional and endothelial cell-specific conditional Memo knock-out mouse strains and show that Memo is essential for embryonic development. Starting at E13.5 embryos of both strains display bleeding and other vascular problems, some of the phenotypes that have been described in mouse strains lacking S1PRs. The essential role of Memo in embryonic vascular development may be due in part to alterations in S1P signaling. Taken together our results show that Memo has a novel role in the S1P pathway and that Memo is needed to promote cell-autonomous S1PR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Kondo
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Bottos
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy C. Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Regis Masson
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christel Genoud
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Kaeser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masato Murakami
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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31
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Kono M, Tucker AE, Tran J, Bergner JB, Turner EM, Proia RL. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 reporter mice reveal receptor activation sites in vivo. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2076-86. [PMID: 24667638 DOI: 10.1172/jci71194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the GPCR sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates key physiological processes. S1P1 activation also has been implicated in pathologic processes, including autoimmunity and inflammation; however, the in vivo sites of S1P1 activation under normal and disease conditions are unclear. Here, we describe the development of a mouse model that allows in vivo evaluation of S1P1 activation. These mice, known as S1P1 GFP signaling mice, produce a S1P1 fusion protein containing a transcription factor linked by a protease cleavage site at the C terminus as well as a β-arrestin/protease fusion protein. Activated S1P1 recruits the β-arrestin/protease, resulting in the release of the transcription factor, which stimulates the expression of a GFP reporter gene. Under normal conditions, S1P1 was activated in endothelial cells of lymphoid tissues and in cells in the marginal zone of the spleen, while administration of an S1P1 agonist promoted S1P1 activation in endothelial cells and hepatocytes. In S1P1 GFP signaling mice, LPS-mediated systemic inflammation activated S1P1 in endothelial cells and hepatocytes via hematopoietically derived S1P. These data demonstrate that S1P1 GFP signaling mice can be used to evaluate S1P1 activation and S1P1-active compounds in vivo. Furthermore, this strategy could be potentially applied to any GPCR to identify sites of receptor activation during normal physiology and disease.
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32
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Cenarro A, Puzo J, Ferrando J, Mateo-Gallego R, Bea AM, Calmarza P, Jarauta E, Civeira F. Effect of Nicotinic acid/Laropiprant in the lipoprotein(a) concentration with regard to baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration and LPA genotype. Metabolism 2014; 63:365-71. [PMID: 24333007 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein in which apolipoproteinB-100 is linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Significant variation in Lp(a) concentration is specific to LPA gene, which codes for apo(a). Nicotinic acid (NA) is used for treatment of dyslipidemias, and the lowering effect of NA on Lp(a) has been previously reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Lp(a) lowering effect of 1g/20mg and 2g/40mgday of Nicotinic acid/Laropiprant in subjects with different baseline Lp(a) concentrations and depending on the LPA genotype. METHODS In an open-label, 10-week study, 1g/20mgday of NA/Laropiprant for 4weeks followed by 6weeks of 2g/40mgday conducted at 3 centers in Spain, 82 subjects were enrolled. Patients were studied at baseline and at the end of both treatment periods and were enrolled in three groups: normal Lp(a) (<50mg/dL), high Lp(a) (50-120mg/dL) and very high Lp(a) (>120mg/dL). The LPA genetic polymorphism was analyzed by a real-time PCR. RESULTS There was a significant difference in LPA genotypes among Lp(a) concentration groups and an inverse and significant correlation between baseline Lp(a) concentration and LPA genotype was found (R=-0.372, p<0.001). There were a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, apo B and Lp(a), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol after NA/Laropiprant treatment, without changes in BMI. However, there were no statistical differences in percentage variation of analyzed variables depending on LPA genotype. CONCLUSION LPA genotype is a major determinant of Lp(a) baseline concentration. However, the lipid lowering effect of NA is not related to LPA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cenarro
- Lipid Unit and Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Puzo
- Lipid Unit, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
| | - Juan Ferrando
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rocío Mateo-Gallego
- Lipid Unit and Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Bea
- Lipid Unit and Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Calmarza
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Jarauta
- Lipid Unit and Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Lipid Unit and Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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33
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Zhang W, Zhao J, Lee JF, Gartung A, Jawadi H, Lambiv WL, Honn KV, Lee MJ. ETS-1-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of CD44 is required for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 3-stimulated chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32126-32137. [PMID: 24064218 PMCID: PMC3820853 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.495218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-regulated chemotaxis plays critical roles in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. S1P-regulated chemotaxis is mediated by the S1P family of G-protein-coupled receptors. However, molecular details of the S1P-regulated chemotaxis are incompletely understood. Cultured human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines abundantly express S1P receptor subtype 3 (S1P3), thus providing a tractable in vitro system to characterize molecular mechanism(s) underlying the S1P3 receptor-regulated chemotactic response. S1P treatment enhances CD44 expression and induces membrane localization of CD44 polypeptides via the S1P3/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. Knockdown of CD44 completely diminishes the S1P-stimulated chemotaxis. Promoter analysis suggests that the CD44 promoter contains binding sites of the ETS-1 (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1) transcriptional factor. ChIP assay confirms that S1P treatment stimulates the binding of ETS-1 to the CD44 promoter region. Moreover, S1P induces the expression and nuclear translocation of ETS-1. Knockdown of S1P3 or inhibition of ROCK abrogates the S1P-induced ETS-1 expression. Furthermore, knockdown of ETS-1 inhibits the S1P-induced CD44 expression and cell migration. In addition, we showed that S1P3/ROCK signaling up-regulates ETS-1 via the activity of JNK. Collectively, we characterized a novel signaling axis, i.e., ROCK-JNK-ETS-1-CD44 pathway, which plays an essential role in the S1P3-regulated chemotactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | - Jen-Fu Lee
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | - Allison Gartung
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | | | | | - Kenneth V Honn
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program,; the Karmanos Cancer Institute
| | - Menq-Jer Lee
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program,; the Karmanos Cancer Institute; the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
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34
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Cinq-Frais C, Coatrieux C, Grazide MH, Hannun YA, Nègre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R, Augé N. A signaling cascade mediated by ceramide, src and PDGFRβ coordinates the activation of the redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase-2 and sphingosine kinase-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1344-56. [PMID: 23651497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stress-inducing agents, including oxidative stress, generate the sphingolipid mediators ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that are involved in stress-induced cellular responses. The two redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) and sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) participate in transducing stress signaling to ceramide and S1P, respectively; however, whether these key enzymes are coordinately regulated is not known. We investigated whether a signaling link coordinates nSMase2 and SK1 activation by H2O2. In mesenchymal cells, H2O2 elicits a dose-dependent biphasic effect, mitogenic at low concentration (5μM), and anti-proliferative and toxic at high concentration (100μM). Low H2O2 concentration triggered activation of nSMase2 and SK1 through a nSMase2/Cer-dependent signaling pathway that acted upstream of activation of SK1. Further results implicated src and the trans-activation of PDGFRβ, as supported by the blocking effect of specific siRNAs, pharmacological inhibitors, and genetically deficient cells for nSMase2, src and SK1. The H2O2-induced src/PDGFRβ/SK1 signaling cascade was impaired in nSMase2-deficient fro/fro cells and was rescued by exogenous C2Cer that activated src/PDGFRβ/SK1. Thus, the results define a nSMase2/SK1 signaling pathway implicated in the mitogenic response to low oxidative stress. On the other hand, high oxidative stress induced inhibition of SK1. The results also showed that the toxicity of high H2O2 concentration was comparable in control and nSMase2-deficient cells. Taken together the results identify a tightly coordinated nSMase2/SK1 pathway that mediates the mitogenic effects of H2O2 and may sense the degree of oxidative stress.
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35
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Abstract
Studies show that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) reprogramming is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This manuscript evaluates the MDR2(-/-) model of HCC as a tool to examine the role of LPA reprogramming in the initiation/progression of HCC and identify novel treatment targets. Hepatic tumors developed in MDR2(-/-) mice between 9-12 m and serum LPA levels were greater in MDR2(-/-) when compared to controls. Blocking LPA biosynthesis/signaling significantly reduced tumor burden. LPA biosynthesis/signaling plays an important role in murine MDR2(-/-) model and is potentially linked to regulation of TNFα or other cytokines that are relevant to high-risk patients.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Lysophospholipids/blood
- Lysophospholipids/genetics
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phospholipids/metabolism
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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36
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Liang J, Nagahashi M, Kim EY, Harikumar KB, Yamada A, Huang WC, Hait NC, Allegood JC, Price MM, Avni D, Takabe K, Kordula T, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate links persistent STAT3 activation, chronic intestinal inflammation, and development of colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:107-20. [PMID: 23273921 PMCID: PMC3578577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer. We show that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) produced by upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) links chronic intestinal inflammation to colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and both are exacerbated by deletion of Sphk2. S1P is essential for production of the multifunctional NF-κB-regulated cytokine IL-6, persistent activation of the transcription factor STAT3, and consequent upregulation of the S1P receptor, S1PR1. The prodrug FTY720 decreased SphK1 and S1PR1 expression and eliminated the NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 amplification cascade and development of CAC, even in Sphk2(-/-) mice, and may be useful in treating colon cancer in individuals with ulcerative colitis. Thus, the SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 axis is at the nexus between NF-κB and STAT3 and connects chronic inflammation and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Eugene Y. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nitai C. Hait
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jeremy C. Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Megan M. Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Dorit Avni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Address correspondence to: Sarah Spiegel, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, P.O. Box 980614, 1101 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23298-0614, Tel: (804) 828-9330, FAX: (804) 828-8999,
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37
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Czimmerer Z, Varga T, Poliska S, Nemet I, Szanto A, Nagy L. Identification of novel markers of alternative activation and potential endogenous PPARγ ligand production mechanisms in human IL-4 stimulated differentiating macrophages. Immunobiology 2012; 217:1301-14. [PMID: 22954708 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Life Science Building, Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
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38
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Saunders LP, Cao W, Chang WC, Albright RA, Braddock DT, De La Cruz EM. Kinetic analysis of autotaxin reveals substrate-specific catalytic pathways and a mechanism for lysophosphatidic acid distribution. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30130-41. [PMID: 21719699 PMCID: PMC3191052 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.246884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), initiating signaling cascades leading to cancer metastasis, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Knowledge of the pathway and kinetics of LPA synthesis by ATX is critical for developing quantitative physiological models of LPA signaling. We measured the individual rate constants and pathway of the LPA synthase cycle of ATX using the fluorescent lipid substrates FS-3 and 12-(N-methyl-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl))-LPC. FS-3 binds rapidly (k(1) ≥500 μm(-1) s(-1)) and is hydrolyzed slowly (k(2) = 0.024 s(-1)). Release of the first hydrolysis product is random and rapid (≥1 s(-1)), whereas release of the second is slow and rate-limiting (0.005-0.007 s(-1)). Substrate binding and hydrolysis are slow and rate-limiting with LPC. Product release is sequential with choline preceding LPA. The catalytic pathway and kinetics depend strongly on the substrate, suggesting that ATX kinetics could vary for the various in vivo substrates. Slow catalysis with LPC reveals the potential for LPA signaling to spread to cells distal to the site of LPC substrate binding by ATX. An ATX mutant in which catalytic threonine at position 210 is replaced with alanine binds substrate weakly, favoring a role for Thr-210 in binding as well as catalysis. FTY720P, the bioactive form of a drug currently used to treat multiple sclerosis, inhibits ATX in an uncompetitive manner and slows the hydrolysis reaction, suggesting that ATX inhibition plays a significant role in lymphocyte immobilization in FTY720P-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Saunders
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - William C. Chang
- the Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Ronald A. Albright
- the Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Demetrios T. Braddock
- the Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Enrique M. De La Cruz
- From the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
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39
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Kim EK, Park JM, Lim S, Choi JW, Kim HS, Seok H, Seo JK, Oh K, Lee DS, Kim KT, Ryu SH, Suh PG. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase is essential for lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:24036-45. [PMID: 21602274 PMCID: PMC3129185 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.209908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that affects various biological functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and survival, through LPA receptors. Among them, the motility of cancer cells is an especially important activity for invasion and metastasis. Recently, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy-sensing kinase, was shown to regulate cell migration. However, the specific role of AMPK in cancer cell migration is unknown. The present study investigated whether LPA could induce AMPK activation and whether this process was associated with cell migration in ovarian cancer cells. We found that LPA led to a striking increase in AMPK phosphorylation in pathways involving the phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPKα1, PLC-β3, or (CaMKKβ) impaired the stimulatory effects of LPA on cell migration. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of AMPKα1 abrogated LPA-induced activation of the small GTPase RhoA and ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins regulating membrane dynamics as membrane-cytoskeleton linkers. In ovarian cancer xenograft models, knockdown of AMPK significantly decreased peritoneal dissemination and lung metastasis. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of AMPK by LPA induces cell migration through the signaling pathway to cytoskeletal dynamics and increases tumor metastasis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Kyun Kim
- From the Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784
- the School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798
| | - Ji-Man Park
- the School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798
| | - Seyoung Lim
- the School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798
| | - Jung Woong Choi
- From the Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- the Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701
| | - Heon Seok
- the School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan, Chungcheongbukdo 367-805, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- the School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798
| | - Keunhee Oh
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences/Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, and
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences/Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, and
| | - Kyong Tai Kim
- From the Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- From the Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- From the Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784
- the School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798
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40
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Shimizu Y, Tokumura A. [Physiological role of lysophosphatidic acid and its relevancephysiological role of lysophosphatidic acid and its relevance to diseases]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:506-517. [PMID: 21800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Shomachi, Japan
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41
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Kanno T, Nishizaki T, Proia RL, Kajimoto T, Jahangeer S, Okada T, Nakamura S. Regulation of synaptic strength by sphingosine 1-phosphate in the hippocampus. Neuroscience 2010; 171:973-80. [PMID: 20950672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the hippocampus is a brain region involved in short-term memory, the molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation are not completely understood. Here we show that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a pivotal role in the formation of memory. Addition of S1P to rat hippocampal slices increased the rate of AMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) recorded from the CA3 region of the hippocampus. In addition long-term potentiation (LTP) observed in the CA3 region was potently inhibited by a sphingosine kinase (SphK) inhibitor and this inhibition was fully reversed by S1P. LTP was impaired in hippocampal slices specifically in the CA3 region obtained from SphK1-knockout mice, which correlates well with the poor performance of these animals in the Morris water maze test. These results strongly suggest that SphK/S1P receptor signaling plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA3 region of hippocampus and has profound effects on hippocampal function such as spatial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanno
- Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
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42
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Hagen N, Van Veldhoven PP, Proia RL, Park H, Merrill AH, van Echten-Deckert G. Subcellular origin of sphingosine 1-phosphate is essential for its toxic effect in lyase-deficient neurons. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11346-53. [PMID: 19251691 PMCID: PMC2670140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807336200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar granule cells from sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) lyase-deficient mice were used to study the toxicity of this potent sphingolipid metabolite in terminally differentiated postmitotic neurons. Based on earlier findings with the lyase-stable, semi-synthetic, cis-4-methylsphingosine phosphate, we hypothesized that accumulation of S1P above a certain threshold induces neuronal apoptosis. The present studies confirmed this conclusion and further revealed that for S1P to induce apoptosis in lyase-deficient neurons it must also be produced by sphingosine-kinase2 (SK2). These conclusions are based on the finding that incubation of lyase-deficient neurons with either sphingosine or S1P results in a similar elevation in cellular S1P; however, only S1P addition to the culture medium induces apoptosis. This was not due to S1P acting on the S1P receptor but to hydrolysis of S1P to sphingosine that was phosphorylated by the cells, as described before for cis-4-methylsphingosine. Although the cells produced S1P from both exogenously added sphingosine as well as sphingosine derived from exogenous S1P, the S1P from these two sources were not equivalent, because the former was primarily produced by SK1, whereas the latter was mainly formed by SK2 (as also was cis-4-methylsphingosine phosphate), based on studies in neurons lacking SK1 or SK2 activity. Thus, these investigations show that, due to the existence of at least two functionally distinct intracellular origins for S1P, exogenous S1P can be neurotoxic. In this model, S1P accumulated due to a defective lyase, however, this cause of toxicity might also be important in other cases, as illustrated by the neurotoxicity of cis-4-methylsphingosine phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hagen
- Kekulé-Institute, Life and Medical Sciences Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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43
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Huang WR, Wang LS, Wang H, Duan HF, Li QF, Gao CJ, DA WM. [SphK-1/S1P signal pathway in CML cells]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2008; 16:730-733. [PMID: 18718048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease of transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells. In order to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signal pathway in the expression of CML cells, and to explore whether P210(bcr/abl) involved is activating SphK-1/S1P signal pathwey, the expressions of SphK-1 and S1P receptor mRNA in bcr/abl positive K562 cells and bcr/abl positive primary CML cells were detected by RT-PCR, the imatinib mesylate, the specific inhibitor of P210(bcr/abl) was employed to inhibit the P210(bcr/abl) tyrosine kinases of K562 cells and CML primary cells, and then the intracellular SphK-1 activity was assayed. The results indicated that after being cultured with 2.5 micromol/L imatinib mesylate for 0.5, 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours, the intensions of inhibiting SphK-1 activity were 0.007%, 38.9%, 34.6%, 28.1% and 76.1% resepectively. SphK-1 activity in CML cells also was reduced by 2.5 micromol/L imatinib mesylate (16.8% - 41.9% decrease). It is concluded that the CML cells express SphK-1 and different S1P receptor, and P210(bcr/abl) fusion protein in CML cells can activate SphK-1.
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MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Lysophospholipids/genetics
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/genetics
- Sphingosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rong Huang
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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44
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Leclercq TM, Moretti PAB, Vadas MA, Pitson SM. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A interacts with sphingosine kinase and directly enhances its catalytic activity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9606-14. [PMID: 18263879 PMCID: PMC2442288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708782200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has many important roles in mammalian cells, including contributing to the control of cell survival and proliferation. S1P is generated by sphingosine kinases (SKs), of which two mammalian isoforms have been identified (SK1 and SK2). To gain a better understanding of SK regulation, we have used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify SK1-interacting proteins and established elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) as one such protein that associates with both SK1 and SK2. We show the direct interaction of eEF1A with the SKs in vitro, whereas the physiological relevance of this association was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of the endogenous proteins from cell lysates. Although the canonical role of eEF1A resides in protein synthesis, it has also been implicated in other roles, including regulating the activity of some signaling enzymes. Thus, we examined the potential role of eEF1A in regulation of the SKs and show that eEF1A is able to directly increase the activity of SK1 and SK2 approximately 3-fold in vitro. Substrate kinetics demonstrated that eEF1A increased the catalytic rate of both SKs, while having no observable effect on substrate affinities of these enzymes for either ATP or sphingosine. Overexpression of eEF1A in quiescent Chinese hamster ovary cells increased cellular SK activity, whereas a small interfering RNA-mediated decrease in eEF1A levels in MCF7 cells substantially reduced cellular SK activity and S1P levels, supporting the in vivo physiological relevance of this interaction. Thus, this study has established a novel mechanism of regulation of both SK1 and SK2 that is mediated by their interaction with eEF1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Leclercq
- Hanson Institute, Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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45
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Tamaki H, Shimada A, Ito Y, Ohya M, Takase J, Miyashita M, Miyagawa H, Nozaki H, Nakayama R, Kumagai H. LPT1 encodes a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase involved in the acylation of lysophospholipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34288-98. [PMID: 17890783 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704509200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are major components of cellular membranes that participate in a range of cellular processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a key molecule in the phospholipid biosynthetic pathway. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SLC1 has been identified as the gene encoding lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, which catalyzes PA synthesis. However, despite the importance of PA, disruption of SLC1 does not affect cell viability (Nagiec, M. M., Wells, G. B., Lester, R. L., and Dickson, R. C. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22156-22163). We originally aimed to identify the acetyl-CoA:lyso platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase (lysoPAF AT) gene in yeast. Screening of a complete set of yeast deletion clones (4741 homozygous diploid clones) revealed a single mutant strain, YOR175c, with a defect in lysoPAF AT activity. YOR175c has been predicted to be a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase superfamily, and we designated the gene LPT1. An Lpt1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Other than lysoPAF AT activity, Lpt1 catalyzed acyltransferase activity with a wide variety of lysophospholipids as acceptors, including lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylinositol, and lysophosphatidylserine. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine accumulated in the Deltalpt1 mutant strain. Although the Deltalpt1 mutant strain did not show other detectable defects, the Deltalpt1 Deltaslc1 double mutant strain had a synthetic lethal phenotype. These results indicate that, in concert with Slc1, Lpt1 plays a central role in PA biosynthesis, which is essential for cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Tamaki
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
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46
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Riekhof WR, Wu J, Jones JL, Voelker DR. Identification and characterization of the major lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28344-28352. [PMID: 17652094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705256200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that yeast actively import lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PtdEtn) through the action of plasma membrane P-type ATPases and rapidly acylate it to form PtdEtn. The predominant lyso-PtdEtn acyltransferase (LPEAT) activity present in cellular extracts is acyl-CoA dependent, but the identity of the gene encoding this activity was unknown. We now demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized open reading frame, YOR175C, encodes the major acyl-CoA-dependent LPEAT activity in yeast and henceforth refer to it as ALE1 (acyltransferase for lyso-PtdEtn). Ale1p is an integral membrane protein and is highly enriched in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane. It is a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase family and possesses a dibasic motif at its C terminus that is likely responsible for Golgi retrieval and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. An ale1Delta strain retains only trace amounts of acyl-CoA-dependent LPEAT activity, and strains lacking the capacity for PtdEtn synthesis via the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and Kennedy pathways show a stringent requirement for both exogenous lyso-PtdEtn and a functional ALE1 gene for viability. Ale1p catalytic activity has a pH optimum between pH 7 and 7.5 and a strong preference for unsaturated acyl-CoA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Riekhof
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - James Wu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206.
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47
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Huang MC, Watson SR, Liao JJ, Goetzl EJ. Th17 augmentation in OTII TCR plus T cell-selective type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor double transgenic mice. J Immunol 2007; 178:6806-13. [PMID: 17513728 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in blood and lymph controls lymphoid traffic and tissue migration of T cells through signals from the type 1 S1PR (S1P(1)), but less is known of effects of the S1P-S1P(1) axis on nonmigration functions of T cells. CD4 T cells from a double transgenic (DTG) mouse express OTII TCRs specific for OVA peptide 323-339 (OVA) and a high level of transgenic S1P(1), resistant to suppression by T cell activation. OVA-activated DTG CD4 T cells respond as expected to S1P by chemotactic migration and reduction in secretion of IFN-gamma. In addition, DTG CD4 T cells stimulated by OVA secrete a mean of 2.5-fold more IL-17 than those from OTII single transgenic mice with concomitantly higher levels of mRNA encoding IL-17 by real-time PCR and of CD4 T cells with intracellular IL-17 detected by ELISPOT assays. OVA challenge of s.c. air pockets elicited influx of more OTII TCR-positive T cells producing a higher level of IL-17 in DTG mice than OTII control mice. Augmentation of the number and activity of Th17 cells by the S1P-S1P(1) axis may thus enhance host defense against microbes and in other settings increase host susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chuan Huang
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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48
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Walter DH, Rochwalsky U, Reinhold J, Seeger F, Aicher A, Urbich C, Spyridopoulos I, Chun J, Brinkmann V, Keul P, Levkau B, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S, Haendeler J. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Stimulates the Functional Capacity of Progenitor Cells by Activation of the CXCR
4
-Dependent Signaling Pathway via the S1P
3
Receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:275-82. [PMID: 17158356 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000254669.12675.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid, which influences migration and proliferation of endothelial cells through activation of S1P receptors and has been shown to support SDF-1 induced migration and bone marrow homing of CD34
+
progenitors.
Methods and Results—
Here, we show that incubation of patient-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with S1P or its synthetic analog FTY720 improved blood flow recovery in ischemic hind limbs. Likewise, recovery of blood flow was dramatically reduced after induction of hindlimb ischemia in mice deficient for the S1P receptor 3 (S1P
3
). S1P
3
−/−
bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells (BMCs) failed to augment neovascularization after hind limb ischemia. Of note, treatment of BMCs derived from S1P
3
−/−
mice with S1P did not rescue blood flow recovery. Mechanistically, S1P and FTY720 induced phosphorylation of CXCR
4
, activated the Src kinase, and stimulated phosphorylation of JAK2. The contribution of CXCR
4
for S1P-mediated effects was further supported by the findings that S1P preincubation failed to stimulate invasion capacity and in vivo blood flow recovery of BMCs from CXCR
4
+/−
mice. The activation of CXCR
4
was dependent on the Src kinase family as demonstrated by preincubation with the Src inhibitor PP2. The activation of the CXCR
4
signaling by S1P is mediated via the S1P
3
receptor, since S1P-induced Src phosphorylation was abrogated in EPC from S1P
3
−/−
mice.
Conclusions—
S1P agonists might serve as sensitizers of CXCR
4
-mediated signaling and may be applied in clinical progenitor cell therapy to improve EPC or BMC function in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H Walter
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Suzuki H, Riley RT, Sharma RP. Inducible nitric oxide has protective effect on fumonisin B1 hepatotoxicity in mice via modulation of sphingosine kinase. Toxicology 2007; 229:42-53. [PMID: 17095132 PMCID: PMC1850950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B(1), a mycotoxin, is an inhibitor of ceramide synthase causing marked dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in cells. This mycotoxin causes accumulation of free sphingoid bases (sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine or sphinganine) and their metabolites, important messengers involved in signal transduction leading to either cell survival or death. Free sphingoid bases are known apoptotic molecules whereas sphingosine 1-phosphate is protective. We previously reported that fumonisin B(1) caused sphingosine kinase (SPHK) induction along with the increase of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Fumonisin B(1) also increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In the current study we employed a mouse strain with the targeted deletion of iNOS gene (Nos-KO) to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) on fumonisin B(1)-induced hepatotoxicity. The Nos-KO mice exhibited increased hepatotoxicity after subacute fumonisin B(1) exposure compared to their wild type counterparts, the liver regeneration was lower in Nos-KO compared to that in the WT mice. Increased hepatotoxicity in Nos-KO was not related to the extent of free sphingoid base accumulation after fumonisin B(1) treatment; however, it was accompanied by a lack of fumonisin B(1)-induced SPHK induction. The fumonisin B(1)-induced SPT was unaffected by lack of iNOS gene. Deletion of iNOS gene did not prevent fumonisin B(1)-dependent induction of inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and interleukin-12. The lack of fumonisin B(1)-induced SPHK induction in Nos-KO was supported by a similar effect on phosphorylated metabolites of sphingoid bases; the equilibrium between sphingoid bases and their phosphates is maintained by SPHK. We therefore conclude that iNOS induction produced by fumonisin B(1) modulates SPHK activity; the lack of iNOS prevents generation of sphingosine 1-phosphate and deprives cells from its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Suzuki
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ronald T. Riley
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA
| | - Raghubir P. Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Natarajan J, Berrar D, Dubitzky W, Hack C, Zhang Y, DeSesa C, Van Brocklyn JR, Bremer EG. Text mining of full-text journal articles combined with gene expression analysis reveals a relationship between sphingosine-1-phosphate and invasiveness of a glioblastoma cell line. BMC Bioinformatics 2006; 7:373. [PMID: 16901352 PMCID: PMC1557675 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lysophospholipid, is involved in various cellular processes such as migration, proliferation, and survival. To date, the impact of S1P on human glioblastoma is not fully understood. Particularly, the concerted role played by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and S1P in aggressive tumor behavior and angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Results To gain new insights in the effect of S1P on angiogenesis and invasion of this type of malignant tumor, we used microarrays to investigate the gene expression in glioblastoma as a response to S1P administration in vitro. We compared the expression profiles for the same cell lines under the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important growth factor. We found a set of 72 genes that are significantly differentially expressed as a unique response to S1P. Based on the result of mining full-text articles from 20 scientific journals in the field of cancer research published over a period of five years, we inferred gene-gene interaction networks for these 72 differentially expressed genes. Among the generated networks, we identified a particularly interesting one. It describes a cascading event, triggered by S1P, leading to the transactivation of MMP-9 via neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). This interaction network has the potential to shed new light on our understanding of the role played by MMP-9 in invasive glioblastomas. Conclusion Automated extraction of information from biological literature promises to play an increasingly important role in biological knowledge discovery. This is particularly true for high-throughput approaches, such as microarrays, and for combining and integrating data from different sources. Text mining may hold the key to unraveling previously unknown relationships between biological entities and could develop into an indispensable instrument in the process of formulating novel and potentially promising hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Natarajan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Coleraine, Cromore Road, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Daniel Berrar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Coleraine, Cromore Road, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Werner Dubitzky
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Coleraine, Cromore Road, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catherine Hack
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Coleraine, Cromore Road, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Memorial Research Center, 2300 Children's Plaza, M/C 226, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
- Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Catherine DeSesa
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Memorial Research Center, 2300 Children's Plaza, M/C 226, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - James R Van Brocklyn
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4164 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Eric G Bremer
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Memorial Research Center, 2300 Children's Plaza, M/C 226, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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