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Li J, Liang W, Liu Y, Ren Z, Ci D, Chang J, Qian W. The Arabidopsis ATR-SOG1 signaling module regulates pleiotropic developmental adjustments in response to 3'-blocked DNA repair intermediates. Plant Cell 2022; 34:852-866. [PMID: 34791445 PMCID: PMC8824664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Base excision repair and active DNA demethylation produce repair intermediates with DNA molecules blocked at the 3'-OH end by an aldehyde or phosphate group. However, both the physiological consequences of these accumulated single-strand DNAs break with 3'-blocked ends (DNA 3'-blocks) and the signaling pathways responding to unrepaired DNA 3'-blocks remain unclear in plants. Here, we investigated the effects of DNA 3'-blocks on plant development using the zinc finger DNA 3'-phosphoesterase (zdp) AP endonuclease2 (ape2) double mutant, in which 3'-blocking residues are poorly repaired. The accumulation of DNA 3'-blocked triggered diverse developmental defects that were dependent on the ATM and RAD3-related (ATR)-suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1) signaling module. SOG1 mutation rescued the developmental defects of zdp ape2 leaves by preventing cell endoreplication and promoting cell proliferation. However, SOG1 mutation caused intensive meristematic cell death in the radicle of zdp ape2 following germination, resulting in rapid termination of radicle growth. Notably, mutating FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINE DNA GLYCOSYLASE (FPG) in zdp ape2 sog1 partially recovered its radicle growth, demonstrating that DNA 3'-blocks generated by FPG caused the meristematic defects. Surprisingly, despite lacking a functional radicle, zdp ape2 sog1 mutants compensated the lack of root growth by generating anchor roots having low levels of DNA damage response. Our results reveal dual roles of SOG1 in regulating root establishment when seeds germinate with excess DNA 3'-blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjie Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhitong Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Ci
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinjie Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Longkumer T, Chen CY, Biancucci M, Bhaskara GB, Verslues PE. Spatial differences in stoichiometry of EGR phosphatase and Microtubule-associated Stress Protein 1 control root meristem activity during drought stress. Plant Cell 2022; 34:742-758. [PMID: 34865106 PMCID: PMC8824564 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During moderate severity drought and low water potential (ψw) stress, poorly understood signaling mechanisms restrict both meristem cell division and subsequent cell expansion. We found that the Arabidopsis thaliana Clade E Growth-Regulating 2 (EGR2) protein phosphatase and Microtubule-Associated Stress Protein 1 (MASP1) differed in their stoichiometry of protein accumulation across the root meristem and had opposing effects on root meristem activity at low ψw. Ectopic MASP1 or EGR expression increased or decreased, respectively, root meristem size and root elongation during low ψw stress. This, along with the ability of phosphomimic MASP1 to overcome the EGR-mediated suppression of root meristem size and the observation that ectopic EGR expression had no effect on unstressed plants, indicated that during low ψw EGR activation and attenuation of MASP1 phosphorylation in their overlapping zone of expression determines root meristem size and activity. Ectopic EGR expression also decreased root cell size at low ψw. Conversely, both the egr1-1 egr2-1 and egr1-1 egr2-1 masp1-1 mutants had similarly increased root cell size but only egr1-1egr2-1 had increased cell division. These observations demonstrated that EGRs affect meristem activity via MASP1 but affect cell expansion via other mechanisms. Interestingly, EGR2 was highly expressed in the root cortex, a cell type important for growth regulation and environmental response.
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Roszak P, Heo JO, Blob B, Toyokura K, Sugiyama Y, de Luis Balaguer MA, Lau WWY, Hamey F, Cirrone J, Madej E, Bouatta AM, Wang X, Guichard M, Ursache R, Tavares H, Verstaen K, Wendrich J, Melnyk CW, Oda Y, Shasha D, Ahnert SE, Saeys Y, De Rybel B, Heidstra R, Scheres B, Grossmann G, Mähönen AP, Denninger P, Göttgens B, Sozzani R, Birnbaum KD, Helariutta Y. Cell-by-cell dissection of phloem development links a maturation gradient to cell specialization. Science 2021; 374:eaba5531. [PMID: 34941412 PMCID: PMC8730638 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the plant meristem, tissue-wide maturation gradients are coordinated with specialized cell networks to establish various developmental phases required for indeterminate growth. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics to reconstruct the protophloem developmental trajectory from the birth of cell progenitors to terminal differentiation in the Arabidopsis thaliana root. PHLOEM EARLY DNA-BINDING-WITH-ONE-FINGER (PEAR) transcription factors mediate lineage bifurcation by activating guanosine triphosphatase signaling and prime a transcriptional differentiation program. This program is initially repressed by a meristem-wide gradient of PLETHORA transcription factors. Only the dissipation of PLETHORA gradient permits activation of the differentiation program that involves mutual inhibition of early versus late meristem regulators. Thus, for phloem development, broad maturation gradients interface with cell-type-specific transcriptional regulators to stage cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Roszak
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jung-Ok Heo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE/Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernhard Blob
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Koichi Toyokura
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
- GRA&GREEN Inc., Incubation Facility, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | | | - Winnie W Y Lau
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Hamey
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacopo Cirrone
- Computer Science Department, Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ewelina Madej
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alida M Bouatta
- Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE/Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjorie Guichard
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, CEPLAS, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robertas Ursache
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugo Tavares
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Bioinformatics Training Facility, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Verstaen
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jos Wendrich
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles W Melnyk
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Genetics, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Dennis Shasha
- Computer Science Department, Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian E Ahnert
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, UK
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben Scheres
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Rijk Zwaan R&D, 4793 Fijnaart, Netherlands
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, CEPLAS, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE/Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Denninger
- Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth D Birnbaum
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yrjö Helariutta
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE/Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Żabka A, Gocek N, Winnicki K, Szczeblewski P, Laskowski T, Polit JT. Changes in Epigenetic Patterns Related to DNA Replication in Vicia faba Root Meristem Cells under Cadmium-Induced Stress Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:3409. [PMID: 34943918 PMCID: PMC8699714 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments on Vicia faba root meristem cells exposed to 150 µM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were undertaken to analyse epigenetic changes, mainly with respect to DNA replication stress. Histone modifications examined by means of immunofluorescence labeling included: (1) acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 56 (H3K56Ac), involved in transcription, S phase, and response to DNA damage during DNA biosynthesis; (2) dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 79 (H3K79Me2), correlated with the replication initiation; (3) phosphorylation of histone H3 on threonine 45 (H3T45Ph), engaged in DNA synthesis and apoptosis. Moreover, immunostaining using specific antibodies against 5-MetC-modified DNA was used to determine the level of DNA methylation. A significant decrease in the level of H3K79Me2, noted in all phases of the CdCl2-treated interphase cell nuclei, was found to correspond with: (1) an increase in the mean number of intranuclear foci of H3K56Ac histones (observed mainly in S-phase), (2) a plethora of nuclear and nucleolar labeling patterns (combined with a general decrease in H3T45Ph), and (3) a decrease in DNA methylation. All these changes correlate well with a general viewpoint that DNA modifications and post-translational histone modifications play an important role in gene expression and plant development under cadmium-induced stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Natalia Gocek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Paweł Szczeblewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Tomasz Laskowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
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5
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Fridman Y, Strauss S, Horev G, Ackerman-Lavert M, Reiner-Benaim A, Lane B, Smith RS, Savaldi-Goldstein S. The root meristem is shaped by brassinosteroid control of cell geometry. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1475-1484. [PMID: 34782771 PMCID: PMC8592843 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth extent and direction determine cell and whole-organ architecture. How they are spatio-temporally modulated to control size and shape is not well known. Here we tackled this question by studying the effect of brassinosteroid (BR) signalling on the structure of the root meristem. Quantification of the three-dimensional geometry of thousands of individual meristematic cells across different tissue types showed that the modulation of BR signalling yields distinct changes in growth rate and anisotropy, which affects the time that cells spend in the meristem and has a strong impact on the final root form. By contrast, the hormone effect on cell volume was minor, establishing cell volume as invariant to the effect of BR. Thus, BR has the highest effect on cell shape and growth anisotropy, regulating the overall longitudinal and radial growth of the meristem, while maintaining a coherent distribution of cell sizes. Moving from single-cell quantification to the whole organ, we developed a computational model of radial growth. The simulation demonstrates how differential BR-regulated growth between the inner and outer tissues shapes the meristem and thus explains the non-intuitive outcomes of tissue-specific perturbation of BR signalling. The combined experimental data and simulation suggest that the inner and outer tissues have distinct but coordinated roles in growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fridman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Horev
- Lorey I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Ackerman-Lavert
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Reiner-Benaim
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - B Lane
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - R S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
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Hata Y, Kyozuka J. Fundamental mechanisms of the stem cell regulation in land plants: lesson from shoot apical cells in bryophytes. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:213-225. [PMID: 33609252 PMCID: PMC8648652 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review compares the molecular mechanisms of stem cell control in the shoot apical meristems of mosses and angiosperms and reveals the conserved features and evolution of plant stem cells. The establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are key developmental processes in land plants including the most basal, bryophytes. Bryophytes, such as Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and Marchantia polymorpha, are emerging as attractive model species to study the conserved features and evolutionary processes in the mechanisms controlling stem cells. Recent studies using these model bryophyte species have started to uncover the similarities and differences in stem cell regulation between bryophytes and angiosperms. In this review, we summarize findings on stem cell function and its regulation focusing on different aspects including hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic control. Stem cell regulation through auxin, cytokinin, CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) signaling and chromatin modification by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and PRC1 is well conserved. Several transcription factors crucial for SAM regulation in angiosperms are not involved in the regulation of the SAM in mosses, but similarities also exist. These findings provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the SAM and the fundamental mechanisms involved in stem cell regulation that are conserved across land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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Bibeau JP, Galotto G, Wu M, Tüzel E, Vidali L. Quantitative cell biology of tip growth in moss. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:227-244. [PMID: 33825083 PMCID: PMC8492783 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Here we review, from a quantitative point of view, the cell biology of protonemal tip growth in the model moss Physcomitrium patens. We focus on the role of the cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and cell wall mechanics, including reviewing some of the existing mathematical models of tip growth. We provide a primer for existing cell biological tools that can be applied to the future study of tip growth in moss. Polarized cell growth is a ubiquitous process throughout the plant kingdom in which the cell elongates in a self-similar manner. This process is important for nutrient uptake by root hairs, fertilization by pollen, and gametophyte development by the protonemata of bryophytes and ferns. In this review, we will focus on the tip growth of moss cells, emphasizing the role of cytoskeletal organization, cytoplasmic zonation, vesicle trafficking, cell wall composition, and dynamics. We compare some of the existing knowledge on tip growth in protonemata against what is known in pollen tubes and root hairs, which are better-studied tip growing cells. To fully understand how plant cells grow requires that we deepen our knowledge in a variety of forms of plant cell growth. We focus this review on the model plant Physcomitrium patens, which uses tip growth as the dominant form of growth at its protonemal stage. Because mosses and vascular plants shared a common ancestor more than 450 million years ago, we anticipate that both similarities and differences between tip growing plant cells will provide mechanistic information of tip growth as well as of plant cell growth in general. Towards this mechanistic understanding, we will also review some of the existing mathematical models of plant tip growth and their applicability to investigate protonemal morphogenesis. We attempt to integrate the conclusions and data across cell biology and physical modeling to our current state of knowledge of polarized cell growth in P. patens and highlight future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Bibeau
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Galotto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Bioengineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Kume A, Kamachi H, Onoda Y, Hanba YT, Hiwatashi Y, Karahara I, Fujita T. How plants grow under gravity conditions besides 1 g: perspectives from hypergravity and space experiments that employ bryophytes as a model organism. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:279-291. [PMID: 33852087 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved and grown under the selection pressure of gravitational force at 1 g on Earth. In response to this selection pressure, plants have acquired gravitropism to sense gravity and change their growth direction. In addition, plants also adjust their morphogenesis in response to different gravitational forces in a phenomenon known as gravity resistance. However, the gravity resistance phenomenon in plants is poorly understood due to the prevalence of 1 g gravitational force on Earth: not only it is difficult to culture plants at gravity > 1 g(hypergravity) for a long period of time but it is also impossible to create a < 1 genvironment (μg, micro g) on Earth without specialized facilities. Despite these technical challenges, it is important to understand how plants grow in different gravity conditions in order to understand land plant adaptation to the 1 g environment or for outer space exploration. To address this, we have developed a centrifugal device for a prolonged duration of plant culture in hypergravity conditions, and a project to grow plants under the μg environment in the International Space Station is also underway. Our plant material of choice is Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens, one of the pioneer plants on land and a model bryophyte often used in plant biology. In this review, we summarize our latest findings regarding P. patens growth response to hypergravity, with reference to our on-going "Space moss" project. In our ground-based hypergravity experiments, we analyzed the morphological and physiological changes and found unexpected increments of chloroplast size and photosynthesis rate, which might underlie the enhancement of growth and increase in the number of gametophores and rhizoids. We further discussed our approaches at the cellular level and compare the gravity resistance in mosses and that in angiosperms. Finally, we highlight the advantages and perspectives from the space experiments and conclude that research with bryophytes is beneficial to comprehensively and precisely understand gravitational responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kume
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamachi
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiwatashi
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Ichirou Karahara
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
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9
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Zhai N, Xu L. Pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer of callus is required for organ regeneration. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1453-1460. [PMID: 34782770 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissue culture, callus forms from detached explants in response to a high-auxin-to-low-cytokinin ratio on callus-inducing medium. Callus is a group of pluripotent cells because it can regenerate either roots or shoots in response to a low level of auxin on root-inducing medium or a high-cytokinin-to-low-auxin ratio on shoot-inducing medium, respectively1. However, our knowledge of the mechanism of pluripotency acquisition during callus formation is limited. On the basis of analyses at the single-cell level, we show that the tissue structure of Arabidopsis thaliana callus on callus-inducing medium is similar to that of the root primordium or root apical meristem, and the middle cell layer with quiescent centre-like transcriptional identity exhibits the ability to regenerate organs. In the middle cell layer, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) directly interacts with PLETHORA1 and 2 to promote TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 expression for endogenous auxin production. WOX5 also interacts with the B-type ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 (ARR12) and represses A-type ARRs to break the negative feedback loop in cytokinin signalling. Overall, the promotion of auxin production and the enhancement of cytokinin sensitivity are both required for pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer of callus for organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Ikeda M, Takasaki H, Mitsuda N. Thermomemory in shoot apical meristem: Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and stem cell identity. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1427-1429. [PMID: 34242851 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ikeda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Hironori Takasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
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11
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Ye R, Wu Y, Gao Z, Chen H, Jia L, Li D, Li X, Qian Q, Qi Y. Primary root and root hair development regulation by OsAUX4 and its participation in the phosphate starvation response. J Integr Plant Biol 2021; 63:1555-1567. [PMID: 34110093 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the five members of AUX1/LAX genes coding for auxin carriers in rice, only OsAUX1 and OsAUX3 have been reported. To understand the function of the other AUX1/LAX genes, two independent alleles of osaux4 mutants, osaux4-1 and osaux4-2, were constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. Homozygous osaux4-1 or osaux4-2 exhibited shorter primary root (PR) and longer root hair (RH) compared to the wild-type Dongjin (WT/DJ), and lost response to indoleacetic acid (IAA) treatment. OsAUX4 is intensively expressed in roots and localized on the plasma membrane, suggesting that OsAUX4 might function in the regulation of root development. The decreased meristem cell division activity and the downregulated expression of cell cycle genes in root apices of osaux4 mutants supported the hypothesis that OsAUX4 positively regulates PR elongation. OsAUX4 is expressed in RH, and osaux4 mutants showing longer RH compared to WT/DJ implies that OsAUX4 negatively regulates RH development. Furthermore, osaux4 mutants are insensitive to Pi starvation (-Pi) and OsAUX4 effects on the -Pi response is associated with altered expression levels of Pi starvation-regulated genes, and auxin distribution/contents. This study revealed that OsAUX4 not only regulates PR and RH development but also plays a regulatory role in crosstalk between auxin and -Pi signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong, Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
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12
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Abstract
CLAVATA3 (CLV3) is a peptide signal initially identified in the analysis of clv mutants in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as a regulator of meristem homeostasis and floral organ numbers. CLV3 homologs are widely conserved in land plants, collectively called CLV3/ESR-related (CLE) genes. A 12-amino acid CLE peptide with hydroxyproline residues was identified in Zinnia elegans cell culture system, in which cells secrete a CLE peptide called tracheary element differentiation factor (TDIF) into the culture medium. Mature CLV3 peptide is also a post-translationally modified short peptide containing additional triarabinosylation on a hydroxyproline residue. Genetic studies have revealed the involvement of leucin-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) in CLV3 signaling, including CLV1/BAM-CIK, CLV2-CRN and RPK2, although the mechanisms of signal transduction and integration via crosstalk is still largely unknown. Recent studies on bryophyte model species provided a clue to understand evolution and ancestral function of CLV signaling in land plants. Fundamental understanding on CLV signaling provided an opportunity to optimize the crop yield traits using a novel breeding technology with CRISPR/Cas genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirakawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Zhu Y, Hu C, Cui Y, Zeng L, Li S, Zhu M, Meng F, Huang S, Long L, Yi J, Li J, Gou X. Conserved and differentiated functions of CIK receptor kinases in modulating stem cell signaling in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1119-1134. [PMID: 33823234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) act as pools of stem cells that give rise to aboveground and underground tissues and organs in higher plants, respectively. The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)-WUSCHEL (WUS) negative-feedback loop acts as a core pathway controlling SAM homeostasis, while CLV3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) 40 (CLE40) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5), homologs of CLV3 and WUS, direct columella stem cell fate. Moreover, CLV3 INSENSITIVE KINASES (CIKs) have been shown to be essential for maintaining SAM homeostasis, whereas whether they regulate the distal root meristem remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that CIKs are indispensable for transducing the CLE40 signal to maintain homeostasis of the distal root meristem. We found that the cik mutant roots displayed disrupted quiescent center and delayed columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation. Biochemical assays demonstrated that CIKs interact with ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4) in a ligand-independent manner and can be phosphorylated by ACR4 in vitro. In addition, the phosphorylation of CIKs can be rapidly induced by CLE40, which partially depends on ACR4. Although CIKs act as conserved and redundant regulators in the SAM and RAM, our results demonstrated that they exhibit differentiated functions in these meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sunjingnan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fanhui Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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14
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Jia KP, Mi J, Ablazov A, Ali S, Yang Y, Balakrishna A, Berqdar L, Feng Q, Blilou I, Al-Babili S. Iso-anchorene is an endogenous metabolite that inhibits primary root growth in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2021; 107:54-66. [PMID: 33837613 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid-derived regulatory metabolites and hormones are generally known to arise through the oxidative cleavage of a single double bond in the carotenoid backbone, which yields mono-carbonyl products called apocarotenoids. However, the extended conjugated double bond system of these pigments predestines them also to repeated cleavage forming dialdehyde products, diapocarotenoids, which have been less investigated due to their instability and low abundance. Recently, we reported on the short diapocarotenoid anchorene as an endogenous Arabidopsis metabolite and specific signaling molecule that promotes anchor root formation. In this work, we investigated the biological activity of a synthetic isomer of anchorene, iso-anchorene, which can be derived from repeated carotenoid cleavage. We show that iso-anchorene is a growth inhibitor that specifically inhibits primary root growth by reducing cell division rates in the root apical meristem. Using auxin efflux transporter marker lines, we also show that the effect of iso-anchorene on primary root growth involves the modulation of auxin homeostasis. Moreover, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrate that iso-anchorene is a natural Arabidopsis metabolite. Chemical inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis led to a significant decrease in the iso-anchorene level, indicating that it originates from this metabolic pathway. Taken together, our results reveal a novel carotenoid-derived regulatory metabolite with a specific biological function that affects root growth, manifesting the biological importance of diapocarotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jianing Mi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdugaffor Ablazov
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Yang
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qitong Feng
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, The BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Abstract
Plants generate a large variety of shoot forms with regular geometries. These forms emerge primarily from the activity of a stem cell niche at the shoot tip. Recent efforts have established a theoretical framework of form emergence at the shoot tip, which has empowered the use of modelling in conjunction with biological approaches to begin to disentangle the biochemical and physical mechanisms controlling form development at the shoot tip. Here, we discuss how these advances get us closer to identifying the construction principles of plant shoot tips. Considering the current limits of our knowledge, we propose a roadmap for developing a general theory of form development at the shoot tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, Lyon, France.
| | - Fabrice Besnard
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Godin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, Lyon, France
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16
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Meir Z, Aviezer I, Chongloi GL, Ben-Kiki O, Bronstein R, Mukamel Z, Keren-Shaul H, Jaitin D, Tal L, Shalev-Schlosser G, Harel TH, Tanay A, Eshed Y. Dissection of floral transition by single-meristem transcriptomes at high temporal resolution. Nat Plants 2021; 7:800-813. [PMID: 34135484 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The vegetative-to-floral transition is a dramatic developmental change of the shoot apical meristem, promoted by the systemic florigen signal. However, poor molecular temporal resolution of this dynamic process has precluded characterization of how meristems respond to florigen induction. Here, we develop a technology that allows sensitive transcriptional profiling of individual shoot apical meristems. Computational ordering of hundreds of tomato samples reconstructed the floral transition process at fine temporal resolution and uncovered novel short-lived gene expression programs that are activated before flowering. These programs are annulled only when both florigen and a parallel signalling pathway are eliminated. Functional screening identified genes acting at the onset of pre-flowering programs that are involved in the regulation of meristem morphogenetic changes but dispensable for the timing of floral transition. Induced expression of these short-lived transition-state genes allowed us to determine their genetic hierarchies and to bypass the need for the main flowering pathways. Our findings illuminate how systemic and autonomous pathways are integrated to control a critical developmental switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Meir
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iris Aviezer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Oren Ben-Kiki
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Revital Bronstein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zohar Mukamel
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diego Jaitin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Tal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Shalev-Schlosser
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Hai Harel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amos Tanay
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yuval Eshed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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17
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Seok HY, Bae H, Kim T, Mehdi SMM, Nguyen LV, Lee SY, Moon YH. Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094738. [PMID: 33947021 PMCID: PMC8124945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Seok
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hyungjoon Bae
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Taehyoung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.K.); (S.M.M.M.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.K.); (S.M.M.M.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Linh Vu Nguyen
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.K.); (S.M.M.M.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Yong-Hwan Moon
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (H.B.)
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.K.); (S.M.M.M.); (L.V.N.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2592
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18
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Xu M, Gu X, Yu Q, Liu Y, Bian X, Wang R, Yang M, Wu S. Time-course observation of the reconstruction of stem cell niche in the intact root. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1652-1665. [PMID: 33599750 PMCID: PMC8133607 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell niche (SCN) is critical in maintaining continuous postembryonic growth of the plant root. During their growth in soil, plant roots are often challenged by various biotic or abiotic stresses, resulting in damage to the SCN. This can be repaired by the reconstruction of a functional SCN. Previous studies examining the SCN's reconstruction often introduce physical damage including laser ablation or surgical excision. In this study, we performed a time-course observation of the SCN reconstruction in pWOX5:icals3m roots, an inducible system that causes non-invasive SCN differentiation upon induction of estradiol on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root. We found a stage-dependent reconstruction of SCN in pWOX5:icals3m roots, with division-driven anatomic reorganization in the early stage of the SCN recovery, and cell fate specification of new SCN in later stages. During the recovery of the SCN, the local accumulation of auxin was coincident with the cell division pattern, exhibiting a spatial shift in the root tip. In the early stage, division mostly occurred in the neighboring stele to the SCN position, while division in endodermal layers seemed to contribute more in the later stages, when the SCN was specified. The precise re-positioning of SCN seemed to be determined by mutual antagonism between auxin and cytokinin, a conserved mechanism that also regulates damage-induced root regeneration. Our results thus provide time-course information about the reconstruction of SCN in intact Arabidopsis roots, which highlights the stage-dependent re-patterning in response to differentiated quiescent center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiaozhi Yu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Renyin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Author for communication:
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19
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Li P, Ma J, Sun X, Zhao C, Ma C, Wang X. RAB GTPASE HOMOLOG 8D is required for the maintenance of both the root stem cell niche and the meristem. Plant J 2021; 105:1225-1239. [PMID: 33258210 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the plastid translation elongation factor, elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu), encoded by RAB GTPASE HOMOLOG 8D (RAB8D) is essential for plant growth. Here, through analyzing the root phenotypes of two knock-down alleles of RAB8D (rab8d-1 and rab8d-2), we further revealed a vital role for RAB8D in primary root development through the maintenance of both the stem cell niche (SCN) and the meristem. Our results showed that RAB8D deficiency affects the root auxin response and SCN maintenance signaling. RAB8D interacts with GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1) in vivo. Further analysis revealed that GUN1 is over-accumulated and is required for both stem cell death and maintenance of root architecture in rab8d Arabidopsis mutants. The ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA-MUTATED (ATM)-SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 pathway is involved in the regulation of root meristem size through upregulating SIAMESE-RELATED 5 expression in the rab8d-2 allele. Moreover, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115 is highly expressed in rab8d-2, which plays a role in further quiescent center division. Our observations not only characterized the role of RAB8D in root development, but also uncovered functions of GUN1 and ATM in response to plastid EF-Tu deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xueping Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
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20
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Dey A, Hazra AK, Mukherjee A, Nandy S, Pandey DK. Chemotaxonomy of the ethnic antidote Aristolochia indica for aristolochic acid content: Implications of anti-phospholipase activity and genotoxicity study. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 266:113416. [PMID: 32980485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aristolochia indica L. (Aristolochiaceae) is a common medicinal plant described in many traditional medicine as well as in Ayurveda used against snakebites. Besides, the plant has also been reported traditionally against fever, rheumatic arthritis, madness, liver ailments, dyspepsia, oedema, leishmaniasis, leprosy, dysmenorrhoea, sexual diseases etc. The plant is known to contain its major bioactive constituent aristolochic acid (AA) known for its anti-snake venom, abortifacient, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS This present work describes a validated, fast and reproducible high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to estimate AA from the roots of 20 chemotypes of A. indica procured from 20 diverse geographical locations from the state of West Bengal, India. Further, an evidence-based approach was adopted to investigate the reported anti-venom activity of the aqueous extracts of the A. indica roots by assessing its phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitory properties since PLA2 is a major component of many snake-venoms. Finally, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous root extract of the Purulia (AI 1) chemotype were assessed at various concentrations using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. RESULTS The highest amount of AA (7643.67 μg/g) was determined in the roots of A. indica chemotype collected from Purulia district followed by the chemotypes collected from Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and Birbhum districts (7398.34, 7345.09 and 6809.97 μg/g respectively). This study not only determines AA in the plants to select pharmacologically elite chemotypes of A. indica, but it also identifies high AA producing A. indica for further domestication and propagation of the plants for pharmacological and industrial applications. The method was validated via analyzing inter-day and intra-day precision, repeatability, reproducibility, instrumental precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) and specificity. Chemotypes with high AA content exhibited superior anti-PLA2 activity by selectively inhibiting human-group PLA2. Moreover, A. indica root extract significantly inhibited mitosis in Allium cepa root tips as a potent clastogen. CONCLUSIONS The present quick, reproducible and validated HPTLC method provides an easy tool to determine AA in natural A. indica plant populations as well as in food and dietary supplements, a potential antivenin at one hand and a possible cause of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) at another. Besides, the cytotoxic and mitotoxic properties of the root extracts should be used with caution especially for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Alok Kumar Hazra
- IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
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21
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Abstract
The protocol allows to define and characterize mitosis distribution patterns in the plant root meristem. The method does not require genetic markers, which makes it applicable to plants of different non-transgenic genotypes, including ecotypes, mutants, and non-model plant species. Computer analysis of the mitosis distribution in three dimensions with iRoCS Toolbox identifies statistically significant changes in proliferation activity within specific root tissues and cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya V Lavrekha
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- LCTEB, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Victoria V Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- LCTEB, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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22
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Qi H, Xia FN, Xiao S. Autophagy in plants: Physiological roles and post-translational regulation. J Integr Plant Biol 2021; 63:161-179. [PMID: 32324339 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytoplasmic materials via a tightly regulated pathway. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards understanding the physiological functions and molecular regulation of autophagy in plant cells. Increasing evidence indicates that autophagy is essential for plant responses to several developmental and environmental cues, functioning in diverse processes such as senescence, male fertility, root meristem maintenance, responses to nutrient starvation, and biotic and abiotic stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that, similar to nonplant systems, the modulation of core proteins in the plant autophagy machinery by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, S-sulfhydration, S-nitrosylation, and acetylation is widely involved in the initiation and progression of autophagy. Here, we provide an overview of the physiological roles and posttranslational regulation of autophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fan-Nv Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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23
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Aragón-Raygoza A, Vasco A, Blilou I, Herrera-Estrella L, Cruz-Ramírez A. Development and Cell Cycle Activity of the Root Apical Meristem in the Fern Ceratopteris richardii. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1455. [PMID: 33291610 PMCID: PMC7761924 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferns are a representative clade in plant evolution although underestimated in the genomic era. Ceratopteris richardii is an emergent model for developmental processes in ferns, yet a complete scheme of the different growth stages is necessary. Here, we present a developmental analysis, at the tissue and cellular levels, of the first shoot-borne root of Ceratopteris. We followed early stages and emergence of the root meristem in sporelings. While assessing root growth, the first shoot-borne root ceases its elongation between the emergence of the fifth and sixth roots, suggesting Ceratopteris roots follow a determinate developmental program. We report cell division frequencies in the stem cell niche after detecting labeled nuclei in the root apical cell (RAC) and derivatives after 8 h of exposure. These results demonstrate the RAC has a continuous mitotic activity during root development. Detection of cell cycle activity in the RAC at early times suggests this cell acts as a non-quiescent organizing center. Overall, our results provide a framework to study root function and development in ferns and to better understand the evolutionary history of this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aragón-Raygoza
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group at Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera, Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico;
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera, Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Vasco
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT), Fort Worth, TX 76107-3400, USA;
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera, Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico;
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group at Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera, Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico;
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24
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Chen Y, Sun S, Wang X. The epidermis-specific cyclin CYCP3;1 is involved in the excess brassinosteroid signaling-inhibited root meristem cell division. J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:1674-1687. [PMID: 32470187 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is precisely regulated and highly tissue-specific; studies have suggested that diverse signals in the epidermis, especially the epidermal brassinosteroids (BRs), can regulate root growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that integrate hormonal cues such as BR signaling with other endogenous, tissue-specific developmental programs to regulate epidermal cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular and biochemical approaches, microscopic imaging and genetic analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of a P-type cyclin in root growth regulation. We found that CYCP3;1, specifically expressed in the root meristem epidermis and lateral root cap, can regulate meristem cell division. Mitotic analyses and biochemical studies demonstrated that CYCP3;1 promotes cell division at the G2-M duration by associating and activating cyclin-dependent kinase B2-1 (CDKB2;1). Furthermore, we found that CYCP3;1 expression was inhibited by BR signaling through BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), a positive downstream transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. These findings not only provide a mechanism of how root epidermal-specific regulators modulate root growth, but also reveal why the excess of BRs or enhanced BR signaling inhibits cell division in the meristem to negatively regulate root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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25
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Díaz-Granados VH, López-López JM, Flores-Sánchez J, Olguin-Alor R, Bedoya-López A, Dinkova TD, Salazar-Díaz K, Vázquez-Santana S, Vázquez-Ramos JM, Lara-Núñez A. Glucose modulates proliferation in root apical meristems via TOR in maize during germination. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:126-135. [PMID: 32745931 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Glucose-Target of Rapamycin (Glc-TOR) pathway has been studied in different biological systems, but scarcely during early seed germination. This work examines its importance for cell proliferation, expression of cell cycle key genes, their protein levels, besides morphology and cellularization of the root apical meristem of maize (Zea mays) embryo axes during germination under the influence of two simple sugars, glucose and sucrose, and a specific inhibitor of TOR activity, AZD 8055. The two sugars promote germination similarly and to an extent, independently of TOR activity. However, the Glc-TOR pathway increases the number of cells committed to proliferation, increasing the expression of a cell cycle gene, ZmCycD4;2, a putative G1/S regulator. Also, Glc-TOR may have influence on the protein stability of another G1/S cyclin, ZmCycD3, but had no influence on ZmCDKA;1 or ZmKRP3 or their proteins. Results suggest that the Glc-TOR pathway participates in the regulation of proliferation through different mechanisms that, in the end, modify the timing of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Díaz-Granados
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Manuel López-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Flores-Sánchez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Olguin-Alor
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Andrea Bedoya-López
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Tzvetanka D Dinkova
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Kenia Salazar-Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Santana
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Manuel Vázquez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Aurora Lara-Núñez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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26
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Li YF, Zeng XQ, Li Y, Wang L, Zhuang H, Wang Y, Tang J, Wang HL, Xiong M, Yang FY, Yuan XZ, He GH. MULTI-FLORET SPIKELET 2, a MYB Transcription Factor, Determines Spikelet Meristem Fate and Floral Organ Identity in Rice. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:988-1003. [PMID: 32723808 PMCID: PMC7536674 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of flower and panicle development is crucial for improving yield and quality in majority of grass crops. In this study, we used mapping-based cloning to identify MULTI-FLORET SPIKELET2 (MFS2), which encodes a MYB transcription factor and regulates flower and spikelet development in rice (Oryza sativa). In the mfs2 mutant, specification of palea identity was severely disturbed and showed degradation or transformation into a lemma-like organ, and the number of all floral organs was increased to varying degrees. Due to the increase in the number of floral organs and development of extra transformed palea/marginal region of the palea-like organs, some mfs2 spikelets had a tendency to produce two florets. These defects implied that the mfs2 mutation caused abnormal specification of palea identity and partial loss of spikelet determination. We confirm that MFS2 is a transcriptional repressor that shows strong repression activity by means of two typical ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic motifs, one of which locates at the C terminus and is capable of interaction with three rice TOPLESS and TOPLESS-related proteins. The results indicate that MFS2 acts as a repressor that regulates floral organ identities and spikelet meristem determinacy in rice by forming a repression complex with rice TOPLESS and TOPLESS-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mao Xiong
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fa-Yu Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yuan
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China
| | - Guang-Hua He
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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27
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Poretska O, Yang S, Pitorre D, Poppenberger B, Sieberer T. AMP1 and CYP78A5/7 act through a common pathway to govern cell fate maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009043. [PMID: 32960882 PMCID: PMC7531801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher plants can continuously form new organs by the sustained activity of pluripotent stem cells. These stem cells are embedded in meristems, where they produce descendants, which undergo cell proliferation and differentiation programs in a spatiotemporally-controlled manner. Under certain conditions, pluripotency can be reestablished in descending cells and this reversion in cell fate appears to be actively suppressed by the existing stem cell pool. Mutation of the putative carboxypeptidase ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1 (AMP1) in Arabidopsis causes defects in the suppression of pluripotency in cells normally programmed for differentiation, giving rise to unique hypertrophic phenotypes during embryogenesis as well as in the shoot apical meristem. A role of AMP1 in the miRNA-dependent control of translation has recently been established, however, how this activity is connected to its developmental functions is not resolved. Here we identify members of the cytochrome P450 clade CYP78A to act in parallel with AMP1 to control cell fate in Arabidopsis. Mutation of CYP78A5 and its close homolog CYP78A7 in a cyp78a5,7 double mutant caused suspensor-to-embryo conversion and ectopic stem cell pool formation in the shoot meristem, phenotypes characteristic for amp1. The tissues affected in the mutants showed pronounced expression levels of AMP1 and CYP78A5 in wild type. A comparison of mutant transcriptomic responses revealed an intriguing degree of overlap and highlighted alterations in protein lipidation processes. Moreover, we also found elevated protein levels of selected miRNA targets in cyp78a5,7. Based on comprehensive genetic interaction studies we propose a model in which both enzyme classes act on a common downstream process to sustain cell fate decisions in the early embryo and the shoot apical meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Poretska
- Research Unit Plant Growth Regulation, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department for Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saiqi Yang
- Research Unit Plant Growth Regulation, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Delphine Pitorre
- Department for Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Sieberer
- Research Unit Plant Growth Regulation, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department for Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Willems A, Heyman J, Eekhout T, Achon I, Pedroza-Garcia JA, Zhu T, Li L, Vercauteren I, Van den Daele H, van de Cotte B, De Smet I, De Veylder L. The Cyclin CYCA3;4 Is a Postprophase Target of the APC/C CCS52A2 E3-Ligase Controlling Formative Cell Divisions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:2979-2996. [PMID: 32690720 PMCID: PMC7474283 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) controls unidirectional progression through the cell cycle by marking key cell cycle proteins for proteasomal turnover. Its activity is temporally regulated by the docking of different activating subunits, known in plants as CELL DIVISION PROTEIN20 (CDC20) and CELL CYCLE SWITCH52 (CCS52). Despite the importance of the APC/C during cell proliferation, the number of identified targets in the plant cell cycle is limited. Here, we used the growth and meristem phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CCS52A2-deficient plants in a suppressor mutagenesis screen to identify APC/CCCS52A2 substrates or regulators, resulting in the identification of a mutant cyclin CYCA3;4 allele. CYCA3;4 deficiency partially rescues the ccs52a2-1 phenotypes, whereas increased CYCA3;4 levels enhance the scored ccs52a2-1 phenotypes. Furthermore, whereas the CYCA3;4 protein is promptly broken down after prophase in wild-type plants, it remains present in later stages of mitosis in ccs52a2-1 mutant plants, marking it as a putative APC/CCCS52A2 substrate. Strikingly, increased CYCA3;4 levels result in aberrant root meristem and stomatal divisions, mimicking phenotypes of plants with reduced RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED PROTEIN1 (RBR1) activity. Correspondingly, RBR1 hyperphosphorylation was observed in CYCA3;4 gain-of-function plants. Our data thus demonstrate that an inability to timely destroy CYCA3;4 contributes to disorganized formative divisions, possibly in part caused by the inactivation of RBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Achon
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jose Antonio Pedroza-Garcia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van den Daele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
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29
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Żabka A, Winnicki K, Polit JT, Bernasińska-Słomczewska J, Maszewski J. 5-Aminouracil and other inhibitors of DNA replication induce biphasic interphase-mitotic cells in apical root meristems of Allium cepa. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1013-1028. [PMID: 32328702 PMCID: PMC7359111 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Induction of biphasic interphase-mitotic cells and PCC is connected with an increased level of metabolism in root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Previous experiments using primary roots of Allium cepa exposed to low concentrations of hydroxyurea have shown that long-term DNA replication stress (DRS) disrupts essential links of the S-M checkpoint mechanism, leading meristem cells either to premature chromosome condensation (PCC) or to a specific form of chromatin condensation, establishing biphasic organization of cell nuclei with both interphase and mitotic domains (IM cells). The present study supplements and extends these observations by describing general conditions under which both abnormal types of M-phase cells may occur. The analysis of root apical meristem (RAM) cell proliferation after prolonged mild DRS indicates that a broad spectrum of inhibitors is capable of generating PCC and IM organization of cell nuclei. These included: 5-aminouracil (5-AU, a thymine antagonist), characterized by the highest efficiency in creating cells with the IM phenotype, aphidicolin (APH), an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid analog that inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), which inhibits DNA replication by forming cleavage complexes with topoisomerase I. As evidenced using fluorescence-based click chemistry assays, continuous treatment of onion RAM cells with 5-AU is associated with an accelerated dynamics of the DNA replication machinery and significantly enhanced levels of transcription and translation. Furthermore, DRS conditions bring about an intensified production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and some increase in DNA fragmentation, associated with only a slight increase in apoptosis-like programmed cell death events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Bernasińska-Słomczewska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Naoi T, Kitabayashi S, Kasai A, Sugawara K, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Senda M, Hataya T, Sano T. Suppression of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 in tomatoes allows potato spindle tuber viroid to invade basal part but not apical part including pluripotent stem cells of shoot apical meristem. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236481. [PMID: 32716919 PMCID: PMC7384629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) is one of the key factors in plant defense responses and suppresses virus or viroid invasion into shoot apical meristem (SAM) in Nicotiana benthamiana. To evaluate the role of Solanum lycopersicum (Sl) RDR6 upon viroid infection, SlRDR6-suppressed (SlRDR6i) ‘Moneymaker’ tomatoes were generated by RNA interference and inoculated with intermediate or lethal strain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). Suppression of SlRDR6 did not change disease symptoms of both PSTVd strains in ‘Moneymaker’ tomatoes. Analysis of PSTVd distribution in shoot apices by in situ hybridization revealed that both PSTVd strains similarly invade the basal part but not apical part including pluripotent stem cells of SAM in SlRDR6i plants at a low rate unlike a previous report in N. benthamiana. In addition, unexpectedly, amount of PSTVd accumulation was apparently lower in SlRDR6i plants than in control tomatoes transformed with empty cassette in early infection especially in the lethal strain. Meanwhile, SlRDR6 suppression did not affect the seed transmission rates of PSTVd. These results indicate that RDR6 generally suppresses PSTVd invasion into SAM in plants, while suppression of RDR6 does not necessarily elevate amount of PSTVd accumulation. Additionally, our results suggest that host factors such as RDR1 other than RDR6 may also be involved in the protection of SAM including pluripotent stem cells from PSTVd invasion and effective RNA silencing causing the decrease of PSTVd accumulation during early infection in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naoi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Syoya Kitabayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Sugawara
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée au Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mineo Senda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Hataya
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (TS)
| | - Teruo Sano
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (TS)
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31
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Xu M, Gu X, Liang N, Bian X, Wang H, Qin Y, Pi L, Wu S. Intersected functional zone of transcriptional regulators patterns stemness within stem cell niche of root apical meristem. J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:897-911. [PMID: 31638324 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root stem cell niche (SCN) consists of a quiescent center (QC) and surrounding stem cells. Disrupted symplastic communication leads to loss of stemness in the whole SCN. Several SCN regulators were reported to move between cells for SCN maintenance. However, single mutant of these regulators is insufficient to abolish QC stemness despite the high differentiation rate in surrounding stem cells. To dissect the mechanism behind such distinct stemness in SCN, we combined the mis-expression strategy with pWOX5:icals3m system in which QC is symplastically isolated. We found the starch accumulation in QC could be synergistically repressed by WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), SHORT-ROOT (SHR), SCARCROW (SCR), and PLETHORA (PLT). Like PLTs, other core regulators also exhibited dimorphic functions by inhibiting differentiation at a higher dose while promoting cell division at a low protein level. Being located in the center of the intersected expression zones, QC cells receive the highest level of core regulators, forming the most robust stemness within SCN. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 was sufficient to activate PLT1/2 expression, contributing to the QC-enriched PLTs. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the long-standing hypothesis that the combination of spatial expression, synergistic function and dosage effect of core regulators result in spatially distinct stemness in SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nengsong Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Limin Pi
- Institute of Advanced studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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32
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Klawe FZ, Stiehl T, Bastian P, Gaillochet C, Lohmann JU, Marciniak-Czochra A. Mathematical modeling of plant cell fate transitions controlled by hormonal signals. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007523. [PMID: 32687508 PMCID: PMC7392350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of fate transition and cell division is crucial to maintain the plant architecture and to achieve efficient production of plant organs. In this paper, we analysed the stem cell dynamics at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that is one of the plant stem cells locations. We designed a mathematical model to elucidate the impact of hormonal signaling on the fate transition rates between different zones corresponding to slowly dividing stem cells and fast dividing transit amplifying cells. The model is based on a simplified two-dimensional disc geometry of the SAM and accounts for a continuous displacement towards the periphery of cells produced in the central zone. Coupling growth and hormonal signaling results in a nonlinear system of reaction-diffusion equations on a growing domain with the growth rate depending on the model components. The model is tested by simulating perturbations in the level of key transcription factors that maintain SAM homeostasis. The model provides new insights on how the transcription factor HECATE is integrated in the regulatory network that governs stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Z. Klawe
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bioquant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bastian
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan U. Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bioquant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Aida R, Sasaki K, Yoshioka S, Noda N. Distribution of cell layers in floral organs of chrysanthemum analyzed with periclinal chimeras carrying a transgene encoding fluorescent protein. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:609-619. [PMID: 32060603 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent protein visualized distributions of cell layers in floral organs of chrysanthemum using transgenic periclinal chimeras carrying a gene encoding a fluorescent compound. Plant meristems have three cell layers: the outermost layer (L1), the second layer (L2), and the inner layer (L3). The layers are maintained during development but there is limited knowledge of the details of cell layer patterns within floral organs. In this study, we visualized the distributions of cell layers in floral organs of chrysanthemum using periclinal chimeras carrying a gene encoding a fluorescent compound in the L1 or the L2/L3 layers. The L1 layer contributed most of the epidermal cells of organs including the receptacle, petal, anther, filament, style, stigma, and ovule. The transmitting tissue in the pistil and most of the internal area of the ovule were also derived from the L1. In crossing experiments, no progeny of the L1-chimeric plants showed fluorescence, indicating that the germ cells of chrysanthemum are not derived from the L1 layer. Since anthocyanin pigment is present only in the L1-derived epidermal cells of petals, L1-specific gene integration could be used to alter flower color in commercial cultivars, with a reduced risk of transgene flow from the transgenic chrysanthemums to wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Aida
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan.
| | - Katsutomo Sasaki
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshioka
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan
| | - Naonobu Noda
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0852, Japan
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Fuchs M, Lohmann JU. Aiming for the top: non-cell autonomous control of shoot stem cells in Arabidopsis. J Plant Res 2020; 133:297-309. [PMID: 32146616 PMCID: PMC7214502 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, not all cells are created equal. Instead, organismal complexity is achieved by specialisation and division of labour between distinct cell types. Therefore, the organism depends on the presence, correct proportion and function of all cell types. It follows that early development is geared towards setting up the basic body plan and to specify cell lineages. Since plants employ a post-embryonic mode of development, the continuous growth and addition of new organs require a source of new cells, as well as a strict regulation of cellular composition throughout the entire life-cycle. To meet these demands, evolution has brought about complex regulatory systems to maintain and control continuously active stem cell systems. Here, we review recent work on the mechanisms of non cell-autonomous control of shoot stem cells in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with a strong focus on the cell-to-cell mobility and function of the WUSCHEL homeodomain transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fuchs
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Fujinami R, Yamada T, Imaichi R. Root apical meristem diversity and the origin of roots: insights from extant lycophytes. J Plant Res 2020; 133:291-296. [PMID: 32002717 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The independent origin of roots in lycophytes and euphyllophytes has been proposed, mainly based on paleobotanical records. However, the question of how roots evolved within these lineages remains unresolved. Root apical meristem (RAM) organization in lycophytes would provide a clue toward understanding the early evolution of roots. Recently, we examined RAM organization in lycophytes (Lycopodiaceae, Isoetaceae, and Selaginellaceae) in terms of cell division activity and anatomy, comparing RAM among vascular plants. Lycophyte RAM exhibited four organization types (I, II, III, and apical); thus, RAM organization in extant lycophytes was more diverse than expected. Type I RAM contained a region with very low cell division frequency, reminiscent of the quiescent center (QC) in seed plant RAM. Although some euphyllophyte RAMs were structurally similar to types II and III and apical cell-type RAM, lycophyte RAM of types II and III had no QC-like area. These results support the paleobotanical predictions that roots evolved several times in lycophytes, as well as in euphyllophytes. In this review, we also introduce recent findings on RAM organization in extant lycophytes and discuss the origin of roots in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Fujinami
- Faculty of Education, Kyoto University of Education, 1 Fujinomori-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8522, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Botanical Gardens, Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano, Osaka, 576-0004, Japan
| | - Ryoko Imaichi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
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36
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Zhang WJ, Zhai LM, Yu HX, Peng J, Wang SS, Zhang XS, Su YH, Tang LP. The BIG gene controls size of shoot apical meristems in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:543-552. [PMID: 32025802 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BIG regulates the shoot stem cell population. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) contains a population of self-renewing cells, and provides daughter cells for initiation and development of aerial parts of plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of SAM size regulation remain largely unclear. Here, we identified a mutant that displayed a large SAM, designated big-shoot meristem (big-m), in Arabidopsis thaliana. The phenotype of big-m is caused by a new T-DNA insertion allele of BIG, causing a loss of function. The big-m mutant had more stem cells in the SAM than in the wild type. Expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) was promoted in big-m compared with the wild type, showing that BIG functions upstream of WUS and STM. Therefore, BIG is an important regulator of the stem cell population in the SAM. Furthermore, genetic analysis indicated that BIG acts synergistically with PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) in controlling SAM size. Our results suggest that BIG plays an important role in controlling Arabidopsis thaliana SAM growth via PIN1-mediated auxin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li Ming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Li Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Berckmans B, Kirschner G, Gerlitz N, Stadler R, Simon R. CLE40 Signaling Regulates Root Stem Cell Fate. Plant Physiol 2020; 182:1776-1792. [PMID: 31806736 PMCID: PMC7140941 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The quiescent center (QC) of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root meristem acts as an organizer that promotes stem cell fate in adjacent cells and patterns the surrounding stem cell niche. The stem cells distal from the QC, the columella stem cells (CSCs), are maintained in an undifferentiated state by the QC-expressed transcription factor WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) and give rise to the columella cells. Differentiated columella cells provide a feedback signal via secretion of the peptide CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED40 (CLE40), which acts through the receptor kinases ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4) and CLAVATA1 (CLV1) to control WOX5 expression. Previously, it was proposed that WOX5 protein movement from the QC into CSCs is required for CSC maintenance, and that the CLE40/CLV1/ACR4 signaling module restricts WOX5 mobility or function. Here, these assumptions were tested by exploring the function of CLE40/CLV1/ACR4 in CSC maintenance. However, no role for CLE40/CLV1/ACR4 in constricting the mobility of WOX5 or other fluorescent test proteins was identified. Furthermore, in contrast to previous observations, WOX5 mobility was not required to inhibit CSC differentiation. We propose that WOX5 acts mainly in the QC, where other short-range signals are generated that not only inhibit differentiation but also promote stem cell division in adjacent cells. Therefore, the main function of columella-derived CLE40 signal is to position the QC at a defined distance from the root tip by repressing QC-specific gene expression via the ACR4/CLV1 receptors in the distal domain and promoting WOX5 expression via the CLV2 receptor in the proximal meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Berckmans
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Kirschner
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadja Gerlitz
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Stadler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhang J, Chen J, Wang L, Zhao S, Wang W, Li J, Liu B, Qi X, Zheng H, Lu M. An essential role for Arabidopsis Trs33 in cell growth and organization in plant apical meristems. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:381-391. [PMID: 31828377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complexes subunit gene AtTrs33 plays an important role in keeping apical meristematic activity and dominance in Arabidopsis. TRAPP complexes, composed of multimeric subunits, are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for certain Rab GTPases and are believed to be involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking, but the cases in Arabidopsis are largely unknown. Trs33, recently proposed to be a component of TRAPP IV, is non-essential in yeast cells. A single copy of Trs33 gene, AtTrs33, was identified in Arabidopsis. GUS activity assay indicated that AtTrs33 was ubiquitously expressed. Based on a T-DNA insertion line, we found that loss-of-function of AtTrs33 is lethal for apical growth. Knock-down or knock-in of AtTrs33 affects apical meristematic growth and fertility, which indicates that AtTrs33 plays an important role in keeping apical meristematic activity and dominance in Arabidopsis. Analysis of auxin responses and PIN1/2 localization indicate that impaired apical meristematic activity and dominance were caused by altered auxin responses through non-polarized PIN1 localization. The present study reported that AtTrs33 plays an essential role in Arabidopsis cell growth and organization, which is different with its homologue in yeast. These findings provide new insights into the functional divergence of TRAPP subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Shutang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Bobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China
| | - Xingyun Qi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100 091, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hanzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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Li W, Du J, Feng H, Wu Q, Xu G, Shabala S, Yu L. Function of NHX-type transporters in improving rice tolerance to aluminum stress and soil acidity. Planta 2020; 251:71. [PMID: 32108903 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that ectopic expression of either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2, from Helianthus tuberosus plant (located at vacuolar and endosome membranes, respectively), in rice plants could enhance its tolerance to aluminum (Al3+) stress and soil acidity. Plant sodium (potassium)/proton (Na+(K+)/H+ antiporters of the NHX family have been extensively characterized as they are related to the enhancement of salt tolerance. However, no previous study has reported NHX transporter functions in plant tolerance to Al3+ toxicity. In this study, we demonstrate their role as a component of the Al3+ stress tolerance mechanism. We show that the ectopic expression of either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2 , from Helianthus tuberosus plant, in rice (located at vacuole and endosome, respectively) could also enhance rice tolerance to Al3+ stress and soil acidity. Expression of either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2 reduced the inhibitory effect of Al3+ on the rice root elongation rate; both genes were reported to be equally effective in improvement of stress conditions. Expression of HtNHX1 enhanced Al3+-trigged-secretion of citrate acids, rhizosphere acidification, and also reduced K+ efflux from root tissues. In contrast, expression of HtNHX2 prevented Al3+-trigged-decrease of H+ influx into root tissues. Al3+-induced damage of the cell wall extensibility at the root tips was impaired by either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2. Co-expression of HtNHX1 and HtNHX2 further improved rice growth, particularly under the Al3+ stress conditions. The results demonstrate that HtNHX1 and HtNHX2 improved rice tolerance to Al3+ via different mechanisms by altering the K+ and H+ fluxes and the cell wall structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ornelas-Ayala D, Vega-León R, Petrone-Mendoza E, Garay-Arroyo A, García-Ponce B, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Sanchez MDLP. ULTRAPETALA1 maintains Arabidopsis root stem cell niche independently of ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1. New Phytol 2020; 225:1261-1272. [PMID: 31545512 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During plant development, morphogenetic processes rely on the activity of meristems. Meristem homeostasis depends on a complex regulatory network constituted by different factors and hormone signaling that regulate gene expression to coordinate the correct balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. ULTRAPETALA1, a transcriptional regulatory protein described as an Arabidopsis Trithorax group factor, has been characterized as a regulator of the shoot and floral meristems activity. Here, we highlight the role of ULTRAPETALA1 in root stem cell niche maintenance. We found that ULTRAPETALA1 is required to regulate both the quiescent center cell division rate and auxin signaling at the root tip. Furthermore, ULTRAPETALA1 regulates columella stem cell differentiation. These roles are independent of the ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1, suggesting a different mechanism by which ULTRAPETALA1 can act in the root apical meristem of Arabidopsis. This work introduces a new component of the regulatory network needed for the root stem cell niche maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ornelas-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosario Vega-León
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Emilio Petrone-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - María de la Paz Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
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Liman R, Acikbas Y, Ciğerci İH, Ali MM, Kars MD. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Assessment of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles by Allium and Comet Tests. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:215-221. [PMID: 31932906 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles gained a great interest due to its use in biomedical research. It is considered as safe and has been used in nanomedicine. But literature still states its toxicity depending upon the size and dose of silicon nanoparticles. So, current study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) by Allium anaphase-telophase and Comet tests. Characterization of SiO2NPs showed the particle size as 16.12 ± 3.07 nm. The mean diameter of SiO2NPs was having range of 404.66 ± 93.39 nm in solution. Highest total anomalies (18.80 ± 0.45) were observed at 100 µg/mL, whereas least (11.2 ± 0.84) were observed by the 12.5 µg/mL concentration. There was concentration-response association in increased CAs and DNA damage. The highest concentration (100 µg/mL) of SiO2NPs induced the significant DNA damage (149.67 ± 1.15), whereas the least was observed by the negative control (2.67 ± 0.58). The current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SiO2NPs on the root meristem cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Meltem Demirel Kars
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program, Meram Vocational School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Kumar A, Kaur S, Chandel S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Comparative cyto- and genotoxicity of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field radiations in root meristems of Allium cepa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109786. [PMID: 31698176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, tremendous increase in the use of wireless electronic gadgets, particularly the cell phones, has significantly enhanced the levels of electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) in the environment. Therefore, it is pertinent to study the effect of these radiations on biological systems including plants. We investigated comparative cytotoxic and DNA damaging effects of 900 and 1800 MHz EMF-r in Allium cepa (onion) root meristematic cells in terms of mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Onion bulbs were subjected to 900 and 1800 MHz (at power densities 261 ± 8.50 mW m-2 and 332 ± 10.36 mW m-2, respectively) of EMF-r for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h. Root length declined by 13.2% and 12.3%, whereas root thickness was increased by 46.7% and 48.3% after 4 h exposure to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, respectively. Cytogenetic studies exhibited clastogenic effect of EMF-r as depicted by increased CAs and MI. MI increased by 36% and 53% after 2 and 4 h exposure to 900 MHz EMF-r, whereas it increased by 41% and 67% in response to 1800 MHz EMF-r. Aberration index was increased by 41%-266% and 14%-257% during 0.5-4 h of exposure to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, respectively, over the control. EMF-r exposure decreased % head DNA (DNAH) and increased % tail DNA (DNAT) and olive tail moment (OTM) at both 900 and 1800 EMF-r. In 4 h exposure treatments, head DNA (%) declined by 19% and 23% at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, respectively. DNAT and OTM were increased by 2.3 and 3.7 fold upon exposure to 900 MHz EMF-r over that in the control, whereas 2.8 and 5.8 fold increase was observed in response to 1800 MHz EMF-r exposure for 4 h and the difference was statistically significant. The study concludes that EMF-r in the communication range (900 and 1800 MHz) adversely affect root meristems in plants and induce cytotoxic and DNA damage. EMF-r induced DNA damage was more pronounced at 1800 MHz than that at 900 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India; Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Barsar, Hamirpur, 174 305, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Shikha Chandel
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India; Central University of Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda, 151 001, Punjab, India
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Du F, Gong W, Boscá S, Tucker M, Vaucheret H, Laux T. Dose-Dependent AGO1-Mediated Inhibition of the miRNA165/166 Pathway Modulates Stem Cell Maintenance in Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem. Plant Commun 2020; 1:100002. [PMID: 33404539 PMCID: PMC7747967 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells localized in proliferating growth centers, the meristems, are the origin of life-long organ formation and growth in higher plants. In the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana, the closely related ARGONAUTE proteins AGO1 and ZLL/AGO10 bind miR165/166 species to regulate mRNAs of HD-ZIP III transcription factors that are essential to maintaining stem cells. Several genetic studies showed that AGO1 and ZLL/AGO10 act redundantly to maintain stem cells. By contrast, the reported biochemical data suggested antagonistic functions: AGO1 utilizes miR165/166 to slice HD-ZIP III mRNAs, whereas ZLL/AGO10 promotes degradation of miR165/166 and thus stabilizes HD-ZIP III mRNAs. How these different functions are balanced in stem cell regulation has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that autorepression of AGO1 through miR168-mediated slicing of its own RNA is required to maintain the ability of AGO1 to suppress HD-ZIP III mRNAs. Increased AGO1 expression, either in the miR168a-2 mutant or by transgenic expression, inhibits this ability despite the presence of high levels of miR165/166, effectively uncoupling HD-ZIP III and miR165/166 expression. AGO1 activity can be restored, however, by increasing the levels of chaperones SQN and HSP90, which promote assembly of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). This suggests that cellular abundance of SQN and HSP chaperones limits AGO1-mediated RNA interference in shoot meristem stem cell regulation. Localized misexpression of AGO1 indicates that the cells surrounding the shoot meristem primordium play a crucial role in stem cell development. Taken together, our study provides a framework that reconciles biochemical and genetic data, showing that restriction of AGO1 levels by miR168-mediated autorepression is key to RISC homeostasis and the function of AGO1 in stem cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wen Gong
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Boscá
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Tucker
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hervé Vaucheret
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Thomas Laux
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Abstract
The root meristem-one of the plant's centers of continuous growth-is a conveyer belt in which cells of different identities are pushed through gradients along the root's longitudinal axis. An auxin gradient has long been implicated in controlling the progression of cell states in the root meristem. Recent work has shown that a PLETHORA (PLT) protein transcription factor gradient, which is under a delayed auxin response, has a dose-dependent effect on the differentiation state of cells. The direct effect of auxin concentration on differential transcriptional outputs remains unclear. Genomic and other analyses of regulatory sequences show that auxin responses are likely controlled by combinatorial inputs from transcription factors outside the core auxin signaling pathway. The passage through the meristem exposes cells to varying positional signals that could help them interpret auxin inputs independent of gradient effects. One open question is whether cells process information from the changes in the gradient over time as they move through the auxin gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guillotin
- New York University, The Department of Biology, The Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth D Birnbaum
- New York University, The Department of Biology, The Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York, NY, United States.
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Tanaka W, Hirano HY. Antagonistic action of TILLERS ABSENT1 and FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 regulates stem cell maintenance during axillary meristem development in rice. New Phytol 2020; 225:974-984. [PMID: 31486529 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branches are formed from the axillary meristem and their formation is a key process in plant development. Although our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stem cell maintenance in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is progressing, our knowledge of these mechanisms during the process of axillary meristem development is insufficient. To elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying axillary meristem development in rice (Oryza sativa), we undertook a molecular genetic analysis focusing on TILLERS ABSENT1 (TAB1) and FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2), respective orthologs of the WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 genes involved in SAM maintenance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We revealed that stem cells were established at an early stage of axillary meristem development in the wild-type, but were not maintained in tab1. By contrast, the stem cell region and TAB1 expression domain were expanded in fon2, and FON2 overexpression inhibited axillary meristem formation. These results indicate that TAB1 is required to maintain stem cells during axillary meristem development, whereas FON2 negatively regulates stem cell fate by restricting TAB1 expression. Thus, the genetic pathway regulating SAM maintenance in Arabidopsis seems to have been recruited to play a specific role within a narrow developmental window - namely, axillary meristem establishment - in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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Gong F, Takahashi H, Omori F, Wang W, Mano Y, Nakazono M. QTLs for constitutive aerenchyma from Zea nicaraguensis improve tolerance of maize to root-zone oxygen deficiency. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:6475-6487. [PMID: 31587072 PMCID: PMC6859735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zea nicaraguensis is a wild relative of Zea mays subsp. mays (maize) that has high waterlogging tolerance. One of its traits is constitutive aerenchyma formation (CAF) in roots and this may be one of the reasons for the tolerance, but it has not yet been proven by comparing plants that differ only in CAF in the same genetic background. We therefore produced an introgression line AE24-50-44-91 (IL-AE91) possessing four quantitative trait loci for CAF from Z. nicaraguensis in the background of maize (inbred line Mi29). The degree of root CAF in IL-AE91 was intermediate between that of Mi29 and Z. nicaraguensis. Seedlings of IL-AE91 grown aerobically were more tolerant to transfer to oxygen-deficient conditions than were Mi29 seedlings. On day 2 of oxygen deficiency, the root extension rate and viability of root-tip cells in IL-AE91 were ~2.7 and ~1.3 times greater, respectively, than they were in Mi29. On day 4, the area of aerenchyma at 80 mm from the root tips was ~1.5 times greater in IL-AE91 and radial oxygen loss from the apical parts of roots was ~3.4 times higher than in Mi29. These results demonstrate that CAF reduces the stress from low external oxygen levels caused by soil waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Omori
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yoshiro Mano
- Forage Crop Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
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Kitagawa M, Balkunde R, Bui H, Jackson D. An Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase, OKI1, Is Required for Proper Shoot Meristem Size in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:2597-2608. [PMID: 31393575 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the stem cells that form the shoot system reside within the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is regulated by feedback signaling between the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeobox protein and CLAVATA (CLV) peptides and receptors. WUS-CLV feedback signaling can be modulated by various endogenous or exogenous factors, such as chromatin state, hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and nutrition, leading to a dynamic control of SAM size corresponding to meristem activity. Despite these insights, however, the knowledge of genes that control SAM size is still limited, and in particular, the regulation by ROS signaling is only beginning to be comprehended. In this study, we report a new function in maintenance of SAM size, encoded by the OKINA KUKI1 (OKI1) gene. OKI1 is expressed in the SAM and encodes a mitochondrial aspartyl tRNA synthetase (AspRS). oki1 mutants display enlarged SAMs with abnormal expression of WUS and CLV3 and overaccumulation of ROS in the meristem. Our findings support the importance of normal AspRS function in the maintenance of the WUS-CLV3 feedback loop and SAM size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Rachappa Balkunde
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huyen Bui
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Center of Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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Liu L, Li C, Teo ZWN, Zhang B, Yu H. The MCTP-SNARE Complex Regulates Florigen Transport in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2019; 31:2475-2490. [PMID: 31439803 PMCID: PMC6790074 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple flowering pathways in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) converge on the transcriptional regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), encoding a mobile floral stimulus that moves from leaves to the shoot apex. Despite our progress in understanding FT movement, the mechanisms underlying its transport along the endoplasmic reticulum-plasmalemma pathway in phloem companion cells remain largely unclear. Here, we show that the plasma membrane-resident syntaxin-like glutamine-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptor (Q-SNARE), SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS121 (SYP121), interacts with QUIRKY (QKY), a member of the family of multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs), to mediate FT transport in Arabidopsis. QKY and SYP121 coordinately regulate FT movement to the plasmalemma through the endosomal trafficking pathway and are required for FT export from companion cells to sieve elements, thus affecting FT transport through the phloem to the shoot apical meristem. These findings suggest that MCTP-SNARE complex-mediated endosomal trafficking is essential for the export of florigen from phloem companion cells to sieve elements to induce flowering.plantcell;31/10/2475/FX1F1fx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Norman Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Zou Y, Zhang X, Tan Y, Huang JB, Zheng Z, Tao LZ. Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 contributes to maintenance of root apical meristem by affecting ROS and auxin-regulated cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2019; 224:258-273. [PMID: 31246280 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growth of roots requires the balance between cell division and differentiation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and auxin are important regulators of root development by affecting cell division and differentiation. The mechanism controlling the coordination of cell division and differentiation is not well understood. Using a forward genetic screen, we isolated a mutant, defective primary root 2 (dpr2), defective in root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance. The DPR2 gene encodes phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 (PEAMT1) that catalyzes phosphocholine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. We characterized the primary root phenotypes of dpr2 using various marker lines, using histochemical and pharmacological analysis to probe early root development. Loss-of-function of DPR2/PEAMT1 resulted in RAM consumption by affecting root stem cell niche, division zone, elongation and differentiation zone (EDZ). PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein abundance, PIN2 polar distribution and general endocytosis were impaired in the root tip of dpr2. Excess hydrogen peroxide and auxin accumulate in the EDZ of dpr2, leading to RAM consumption by accelerating cell differentiation. Suppression of ROS over-accumulation or inhibition of auxin signalling partially prevent RAM differentiation in dpr2 after choline starvation. Taken together, we conclude that the EDZ of the root tip is most sensitive to choline shortage, leading to RAM consumption through an ROS-auxin regulation module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Bao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiqiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Zhen Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Denyer T, Ma X, Klesen S, Scacchi E, Nieselt K, Timmermans MCP. Spatiotemporal Developmental Trajectories in the Arabidopsis Root Revealed Using High-Throughput Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Dev Cell 2019; 48:840-852.e5. [PMID: 30913408 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is becoming a cornerstone of developmental research, providing unprecedented power in understanding dynamic processes. Here, we present a high-resolution scRNA-seq expression atlas of the Arabidopsis root composed of thousands of independently profiled cells. This atlas provides detailed spatiotemporal information, identifying defining expression features for all major cell types, including the scarce cells of the quiescent center. These reveal key developmental regulators and downstream genes that translate cell fate into distinctive cell shapes and functions. Developmental trajectories derived from pseudotime analysis depict a finely resolved cascade of cell progressions from the niche through differentiation that are supported by mirroring expression waves of highly interconnected transcription factors. This study demonstrates the power of applying scRNA-seq to plants and provides an unparalleled spatiotemporal perspective of root cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Denyer
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Simon Klesen
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scacchi
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kay Nieselt
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Marja C P Timmermans
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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