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Xiang W, Zhao L, Han X, Qin C, Miao B, McEachern D, Wang Y, Metwally H, Kirchhoff PD, Wang L, Matvekas A, He M, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S. Discovery of ARD-2585 as an Exceptionally Potent and Orally Active PROTAC Degrader of Androgen Receptor for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13487-13509. [PMID: 34473519 PMCID: PMC8855934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the discovery of exceptionally potent and orally bioavailable PROTAC AR degraders with ARD-2585 being the most promising compound. ARD-2585 achieves DC50 values of ≤0.1 nM in the VCaP cell line with AR gene amplification and in the LNCaP cell line carrying an AR mutation. It potently inhibits cell growth with IC50 values of 1.5 and 16.2 nM in the VCaP and LNCaP cell lines, respectively, and achieves excellent pharmacokinetics and 51% of oral bioavailability in mice. It is more efficacious than enzalutamide in inhibition of VCaP tumor growth and does not cause any sign of toxicity in mice. ARD-2585 is a promising AR degrader for extensive investigations for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lijie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xin Han
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chong Qin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bukeyan Miao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hoda Metwally
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul D Kirchhoff
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Aleksas Matvekas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Xiao Z, Song S, Chen D, van Merkerk R, van der Wouden PE, Cool RH, Quax WJ, Poelarends GJ, Melgert BN, Dekker FJ. Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Has Anti-Proliferative Activity in Lung Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17514-17521. [PMID: 34018657 PMCID: PMC8362126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in protein-protein interactions that play key roles in inflammation and cancer. Current strategies to develop small molecule modulators of MIF functions are mainly restricted to the MIF tautomerase active site. Here, we use this site to develop proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) in order to eliminate MIF from its protein-protein interaction network. We report the first potent MIF-directed PROTAC, denoted MD13, which induced almost complete MIF degradation at low micromolar concentrations with a DC50 around 100 nM in A549 cells. MD13 suppresses the proliferation of A549 cells, which can be explained by deactivation of the MAPK pathway and subsequent induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. MD13 also exhibits antiproliferative effect in a 3D tumor spheroid model. In conclusion, we describe the first MIF-directed PROTAC (MD13) as a research tool, which also demonstrates the potential of PROTACs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangping Xiao
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Deng Chen
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Petra E. van der Wouden
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Robbert H. Cool
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- University Medical Center GroningenGroningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPDUniversity of GroningenHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- Department Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)University of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
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Fradera X, Deng Q, Achab A, Garcia Y, Kattar SD, McGowan MA, Methot JL, Wilson K, Zhou H, Shaffer L, Goldenblatt P, Tong V, Augustin MA, Altman MD, Lesburg CA, Shah S, Katz JD. Discovery of a new series of PI3K-δ inhibitors from Virtual Screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:128046. [PMID: 33865969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PI3K-δ mediates key immune cell signaling pathways and is a target of interest for treatment of oncological and immunological disorders. Here we describe the discovery and optimization of a novel series of PI3K-δ selective inhibitors. We first identified hits containing an isoindolinone scaffold using a combined ligand- and receptor-based virtual screening workflow, and then improved potency and selectivity guided by structural data and modeling. Careful optimization of molecular properties led to compounds with improved permeability and pharmacokinetic profile, and high potency in a whole blood assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fradera
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yudith Garcia
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joey L Methot
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Wilson
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynsey Shaffer
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael D Altman
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Lesburg
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason D Katz
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Zhao LX, Jiang MJ, Hu JJ, Zou YL, Cheng Y, Ren T, Gao S, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Diphenyl Ether Derivatives Containing Fast Degrading Tetrahydrophthalimide. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3729-3741. [PMID: 32125836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To seek new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors with better biological activity, a series of novel diphenyl ether derivatives containing tetrahydrophthalimide were designed based on the principle of substructure splicing and bioisomerization. PPO inhibition experiments exhibited that 6c is the most potential compound, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.00667 mg/L, showing 7 times higher activity than Oxyfluorfen (IC50 = 0.0426 mg/L) against maize PPO and similar herbicidal activities to Oxyfluorfen in weeding experiments in greenhouses and field weeding experiments. In view of the inspected bioactivities, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this series of compounds was also discussed. Crop selection experiments demonstrate that compound 6c is safe for soybeans, maize, rice, peanuts, and cotton at a dose of 300 g ai/ha. Accumulation analysis experiments showed that the accumulation of 6c in some crops (soybeans, peanuts, and cotton) was significantly lower than Oxyfluorfen. Current work suggests that compound 6c may be developed as a new herbicide candidate in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mao-Jun Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia-Jun Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue-Li Zou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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5
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Gao W, Li X, Ren D, Sun S, Huo J, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhang J. Design and Synthesis of N-phenyl Phthalimides as Potent Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234363. [PMID: 31795340 PMCID: PMC6930678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) has been identified as one of the most promising targets for herbicide discovery. A series of novel phthalimide derivatives were designed by molecular docking studies targeting the crystal structure of mitochondrial PPO from tobacco (mtPPO, PDB: 1SEZ) by using Flumioxazin as a lead, after which the derivatives were synthesized and characterized, and their herbicidal activities were subsequently evaluated. The herbicidal bioassay results showed that compounds such as 3a (2-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione), 3d (methyl 2-(4-chloro-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-fluorobenzoate), 3g (4-chloro-2-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) isoindoline-1,3-dione), 3j (4-chloro-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione) and 3r (2-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-fluoroisoindoline-1,3-dione) had good herbicidal activities; among them, 3a showed excellent herbicidal efficacy against A. retroflexus and B. campestris via the small cup method and via pre-emergence and post-emergence spray treatments. The efficacy was comparable to that of the commercial herbicides Flumioxazin, Atrazine, and Chlortoluron. Further, the enzyme activity assay results suggest that the mode of action of compound 3a involves the inhibition of the PPO enzyme, and 3a showed better inhibitory activity against PPO than did Flumioxazin. These results indicate that our molecular design strategy contributes to the development of novel promising PPO inhibitors.
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6
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Johnson AD, Zammit R, Vella J, Valentino M, Buhagiar JA, Magri DC. Aminonaphthalimide hybrids of mitoxantrone and amonafide as anticancer and fluorescent cellular imaging agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103287. [PMID: 31561011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble 4-aminonaphthalimides were synthesised and their cellular fluorescent imaging, cytotoxicity and ability to induced apoptosis evaluated. The lead compound 1 was designed from the cross-fertilisation of the basic hydrophilic amino pharmacophore of mitoxantrone, and an aminonaphthalimide scaffold of the drug candidate, amonafide. The compounds are also fluorescent pH probes based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and internal charge transfer (ICT). The compounds are sensitive to solvent polarity with large Stoke shifts (>90 nm) and provide emissive-coloured solutions (blue to yellow). Excited state pKas of 9.0-9.3 and fluorescence quantum yields of 0.47-0.58 were determined in water. The cytotoxicity and cellular fluorescent imaging properties of the compounds were tested on human cancer cell lines K562 and MCF-7 by the MTT assay, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Compounds 1 and 3 with flexible aminoalkyl chains exhibited GI50 comparable to amonafide, while 2 and 4 with a rigid piperazine moiety and butyl chain are less cytotoxic. Fluorescence microscopy with 1 allowed for the visualization of the intracellular microenvironment exemplifying the potential utility of such hybrid molecules as anticancer and fluorescent cellular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Rodrianne Zammit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Jasmine Vella
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Mario Valentino
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Joseph A Buhagiar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - David C Magri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta.
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7
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Chen X, Zhao S, Li H, Wang X, Geng A, Cui H, Lu T, Chen Y, Zhu Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isoindolinone derivatives as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:110-122. [PMID: 30802729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) as appealing targets for the treatment of many diseases has been studied extensively and its use in cancer care is the most important. Here, we developed a series of novel derivatives containing isoindolinone skeleton. Twelve compounds demonstrated nanomolar IC50 values against HDAC1, and the best compounds were 5a (65.6 nM), 5b (65.1 nM) and 13a (57.9 nM). In vitro, 5a and 5b also showed potent antiproliferative activities against several cancer cell lines, in particular 5b, which behaved better than approved drug chidamide. Morever, enzyme inhibition and western blot assay established 5b to be a selective inhibitor for HDAC1-3. Molecular docking was performed to rationalize the high potency of isoindolinones. Additionally, 5b had more appropriate drug metabolism in human liver microsome (HLM) compared with chidamide and moderate pharmacokinetics properties. These results indicated that 5b was worthy of further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Aixin Geng
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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8
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Nosov R, Padnya P, Shurpik D, Stoikov I. Synthesis of Water-Soluble Amino Functionalized Multithiacalix[4]arene via Quaternization of Tertiary Amino Groups. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051117. [PMID: 29738518 PMCID: PMC6100039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient approach to the synthesis of multithiacalix[4]arene derivatives containing amino groups and phthalimide fragments by the formation of quaternary ammonium salts is presented. As the initial macrocycle for the synthesis of multithiacalix[4]arenes, a differently substituted p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene containing bromoacetamide and three phthalimide fragments was used in a 1,3-alternate conformation. The macrocycle in cone conformation containing the tertiary amino groups was found to be a convenient core for the multithiacalix[4]arene systems. Interaction of the core multithiacalix[4]arene with monobromoacetamide derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene resulted in formation in high yields of pentakisthiacalix[4]arene containing quaternary ammonium and phthalimide fragments. The removal of phthalimide groups led to the formation of amino multithiacalix[4]arene in a good yield. Based on dynamic light scattering, it was shown that the synthesized amino multithiacalix[4]arene, with pronounced hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments, formed dendrimer-like nanoparticles in water via direct supramolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Nosov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy Shurpik
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
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9
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Luo W, Tweedie D, Beedie SL, Vargesson N, Figg WD, Greig NH, Scerba MT. Design, synthesis and biological assessment of N-adamantyl, substituted adamantyl and noradamantyl phthalimidines for nitrite, TNF-α and angiogenesis inhibitory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1547-1559. [PMID: 29472124 PMCID: PMC5891396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A library of 15 novel and heretofore uncharacterized adamantyl and noradamantyl phthalimidines was synthesized and evaluated for neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic properties. Phthalimidine treatment in LPS-challenged cells effected reductions in levels of secreted TNF-α and nitrite relative to basal amounts. The primary SAR suggests nitration of adamantyl phthalimidines has marginal effect on TNF-α activity but promotes anti-nitrite activity; thioamide congeners retain anti-nitrite activity but are less effective reducing TNF-α. Site-specific nitration and thioamidation provided phthalimidine 24, effecting an 88.5% drop in nitrite concurrent with only a 4% drop in TNF-α. Notable anti-angiogenesis activity was observed for 20, 21 and 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shaunna L Beedie
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - William D Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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10
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Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA, Ansari MA, Zoheir KMA, Imam F, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Nadeem A, Korashy HM, Voronkov A, Berishvili V, Ahmad SF. Design and Synthesis of N-Arylphthalimides as Inhibitors of Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor-Related Protein, Proinflammatory Mediators, and Cytokines in Carrageenan-Induced Lung Inflammation. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8850-67. [PMID: 26456029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N-Arylphthalimides (1-10P) derived from thalidomide by insertion of hydrophobic groups were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity, and (4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-N'-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide 6P was identified as a promising anti-inflammatory agent. Further testing confirmed that compared with the control, 6P treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in CD4(+), NF-κB p65(+), TNF-α(+), IL-6(+), GITR(+), and IL-17(+) cell populations and an increase in the Foxp3(+), CD4(+)Foxp3(+), and IκBα(+) populations in whole blood and pleural fluid of a mouse model of lung inflammation. Moreover, treatment with compound 6P decreased the proteins associated with inflammation including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, GITR, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, and iNOS and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and IL-4. Further, histopathological examination confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory effects of compound 6P. Thus, the N-arylphthalimide derivative 6P acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in the carrageenan-induced lung inflammation model, suggesting that this compound may be useful for the treatment of inflammation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrey Voronkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Digital Bio Pharm Ltd. , 145-157 St. John Street, London, EC1V 4PW, U.K
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Oblast 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir Berishvili
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , 2457 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Garcia-Barrantes PM, Cho HP, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Lead optimization of the VU0486321 series of mGlu1 PAMs. Part 1: SAR of modifications to the central aryl core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5107-10. [PMID: 26476971 PMCID: PMC4758672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the lead optimization of the VU0486321 series of mGlu1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). While first generation PAMs from Roche were reported in the late 1990s, little effort has focused on the development of mGlu1 PAMs since. New genetic data linking loss-of-function mutant mGlu1 receptors to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders has rekindled interest in the target, but the ideal in vivo probe, for example, with good PK, brain penetration and low plasma protein binding, for robust target validation has been lacking. Here we describe the first modifications to the central aryl core of the VU0486321 series, where robust SAR was noted. Moreover, structural variants were identified that imparted selectivity (up to >793-fold) versus mGlu4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Garcia-Barrantes
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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12
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Singh AK, Rathore S, Tang Y, Goldfarb NE, Dunn BM, Rajendran V, Ghosh PC, Singh N, Latha N, Singh BK, Rawat M, Rathi B. Hydroxyethylamine Based Phthalimides as New Class of Plasmepsin Hits: Design, Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139347. [PMID: 26502278 PMCID: PMC4621027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel class of phthalimides functionalized with privileged scaffolds was designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of plasmepsin 2 (Ki: 0.99 ± 0.1 μM for 6u) and plasmepsin 4 (Ki: 3.3 ± 0.3 μM for 6t), enzymes found in the digestive vacuole of the plasmodium parasite and considered as crucial drug targets. Three compounds were identified as potential candidates for further development. The listed compounds were also assayed for their antimalarial efficacy against chloroquine (CQ) sensitive strain (3D7) of Plasmodium falciparum. Assay of twenty seven hydroxyethylamine derivatives revealed four (5e, 6j, 6o and 6s) as strongly active, which were further evaluated against CQ resistant strain (7GB) of P. falciparum. Compound 5e possessing the piperidinopiperidine moiety exhibited promising antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 1.16 ± 0.04 μM. Further, compounds 5e, 6j, 6o and 6s exhibited low cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line. Compound 6s possessing C2 symmetry was identified as the least cytotoxic with significant antimalarial activity (IC50: 1.30 ± 0.03 μM). The combined presence of hydroxyethylamine and cyclic amines (piperazines and piperidines) was observed as crucial for the activity. The current studies suggest that hydroxyethylamine based molecules act as potent antimalarial agent and may be helpful in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Goldfarb
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ben M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Prahlad C. Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Bioinformatics Center, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - N. Latha
- Bioinformatics Center, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Brajendra K. Singh
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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13
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Takahashi O, Kirikoshi R, Manabe N. Acetic acid-catalyzed formation of N-phenylphthalimide from phthalanilic acid: a computational study of the mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12174-84. [PMID: 26030675 PMCID: PMC4490437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In glacial acetic acid, phthalanilic acid and its monosubstituents are known to be converted to the corresponding phthalimides in relatively good yields. In this study, we computationally investigated the experimentally proposed two-step (addition-elimination or cyclization-dehydration) mechanism at the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) level of theory for the unsubstituted phthalanilic acid, with an explicit acetic acid molecule included in the calculations. In the first step, a gem-diol tetrahedral intermediate is formed by the nucleophilic attack of the amide nitrogen. The second step is dehydration of the intermediate to give N-phenylphthalimide. In agreement with experimental findings, the second step has been shown to be rate-determining. Most importantly, both of the steps are catalyzed by an acetic acid molecule, which acts both as proton donor and acceptor. The present findings, along with those from our previous studies, suggest that acetic acid and other carboxylic acids (in their undissociated forms) can catalyze intramolecular nucleophilic attacks by amide nitrogens and breakdown of the resulting tetrahedral intermediates, acting simultaneously as proton donor and acceptor. In other words, double proton transfers involving a carboxylic acid molecule can be part of an extensive bond reorganization process from cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kirikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Manabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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14
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Chidan Kumar CS, Loh WS, Chandraju S, Win YF, Tan WK, Quah CK, Fun HK. Synthesis, structural and antioxidant studies of some novel N-ethyl phthalimide esters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119440. [PMID: 25742494 PMCID: PMC4351070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-ethyl phthalimide esters 4(a-n) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic studies. Further, the molecular structure of majority of compounds were analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray analysis revealed the importance of substituents on the crystal stability and molecular packing. All the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP and CUPRAC methods. Few of them have shown good antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Chidan Kumar
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Alva’s Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mijar, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (CKQ); (CSCK)
| | - Wan-Sin Loh
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siddegowda Chandraju
- Department of Sugar Technology & Chemistry, University of Mysore, Sir M.V. PG Center, Tubinakere, Karnataka, India
| | - Yip-Foo Win
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Weng Kang Tan
- Klinik Kesihatan Batu Kawa, Jalan Stapok Utara/ Utara, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (CKQ); (CSCK)
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Yan C, Zhang J, Liang T, Li Q. Diorganotin (IV) complexes with 4-nitro-N-phthaloyl-glycine: Synthesis, characterization, antitumor activity and DNA-binding studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:119-27. [PMID: 25960226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel diorganotin (IV) complexes, based on 4-nitro-N-phthaloyl-glycine (HL), namely {4-NO2C6H3(CO)2NCH2COO}2Sn(n-Bu)2 (1) and {4-NO2C6H3(CO)2NCH2COO}2SnMe2 (2), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. In vitro antitumor activities of both complexes were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoly-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against three human cancer cell lines: HepG-2 (human liver carcinoma), SGC-7901 (human gastric carcinoma) and LS174T (human colon carcinoma). Complex 1 exhibited strong antitumor activity with IC50 values of 1.51±0.41, 1.80±0.63, and 2.48±0.96 μM, respectively; while complex 2 had no obvious effects on the three selected cancer cell lines at high concentrations up to 100 μM. Complex 1-induced apoptosis was further confirmed by morphological observations and annexin V-FITC/PI staining flow cytometry analysis in HepG-2 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that complex 1 caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that the apoptosis was mediated through the mitochondrial pathway with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotion and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption by finally activating effector caspase-3/9 to trigger cell apoptosis. Moreover, the interactions of both complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated by using UV-Vis titration and fluorometric competition measurements. The DNA-binding constants Kb (intrinsic binding constant) and K(sv) (quenching constant) had been obtained in the order: 1>2, consisted with the antitumor activity results. Taken together, complex 1 exhibited excellent antitumor activity suggesting that it may be a potential candidate for further chemical optimization and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No 56, Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No 56, Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taigang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No 56, Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No 56, Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Abstract
A method for direct carbonylation of aminoquinoline benzamides has been developed. Reactions proceed at room temperature in trifluoroethanol solvent, use oxygen from air as an oxidant, and require Mn(OAc)3 as a cocatalyst. Benzoic and acrylic acid derivatives can be carbonylated by carbon monoxide affording imides in good yields. Halogen, nitro, ether, cyano, and ester functional groups are tolerated. The directing group can be removed under mild conditions affording phthalimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Grigorjeva
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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17
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Fischer T, Riedl R. Strategic targeting of multiple water-mediated interactions: a concise and rational structure-based design approach to potent and selective MMP-13 inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1457-61, 1572. [PMID: 23894097 PMCID: PMC4281860 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil (Switzerland) www.icbc.zhaw.ch/organic‐chemistry
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil (Switzerland) www.icbc.zhaw.ch/organic‐chemistry
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18
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Zhou Y, Ding L, Shi K, Dai YZ, Ai N, Wang J, Pei J. A non-fullerene small molecule as efficient electron acceptor in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. Adv Mater 2012; 24:957-961. [PMID: 22249903 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel n-type small molecule FFI-1 was synthesized as the electron acceptor to replace PCBM in solution-processed organic BHJ solar cells. Its LUMO level (around -3.5 eV) both matches the work function of the cathode and increases V(OC) of the devices, making it a promising acceptor candidate. With P3HT: FFI-1 (1:2 w/w) as active layer and LiF/Al as the cathode, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 1.86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Kantak AA, Potavathri S, Barham RA, Romano KM, DeBoef B. Metal-free intermolecular oxidative C-N bond formation via tandem C-H and N-H bond functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19960-5. [PMID: 22010982 PMCID: PMC3233640 DOI: 10.1021/ja2087085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of a novel intermolecular oxidative amination reaction, a synthetic transformation that involves the simultaneous functionalization of both a N-H and C-H bond, is described. The process, which is mediated by an I(III) oxidant and contains no metal catalysts, provides a rapid and green method for synthesizing protected anilines from simple arenes and phthalimide. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction proceeds via nucleophilic attack of the phthalimide on an aromatic radical cation, as opposed to the electrophilic aromatic amination that has been reported for other I(III) amination reactions. The application of this new reaction to the synthesis of a variety of substituted aniline derivatives is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek A Kantak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 51 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
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20
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Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA. Synthesis, characterization and in vivo anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity screening of Schiff bases of phthalimide. Acta Pol Pharm 2011; 68:375-380. [PMID: 21648191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of Schiff bases of phthalimide (4a-l) were prepared in satisfactory yields and evaluated for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity activities. The structures of all the compounds were in good agreement with elemental analysis and spectral data. All the compounds were active in MES screen and less neurotoxic than phenytoin. Compound 41 having nitro substitution at ortho position of the distal aryl ring emerged as most promising anticonvulsant agent with low neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Yang Y, Xiang D, Guo J, Zheng YS, Ye B, Yang JL, Cheng L. [Synthesis of 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindole derivatives]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2008; 39:645-647. [PMID: 18798515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize a series of derivatives of Thalidomide. METHODS The N-Phthaloyl-L-glutamic anhydride was ammonolyzed with amino acid benzyl esters, followed by hydrogenization. The reaction between the hydogenized products and ammonia gas produced ammonium salt, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindole derivatives. RESULTS Four new derivatives of Thalidomide were obtained and confirmed by spectral detection. CONCLUSION The derivatives of Thalidomide can be efficiently synthesized under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- The Central Teaching Laboratory for Modern Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Dohi T, Takenaga N, Goto A, Maruyama A, Kita Y. Direct Lactone Formation by Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents with KBr via Selective C−H Abstraction Protocol. Org Lett 2007; 9:3129-32. [PMID: 17616204 DOI: 10.1021/ol071315n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new and reliable method for the direct construction of biologically important aryl lactones and phthalides from carboxylic and benzoic acids, using a combination of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents with KBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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23
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Ragavendran JV, Sriram D, Patel SK, Reddy IV, Bharathwajan N, Stables J, Yogeeswari P. Design and synthesis of anticonvulsants from a combined phthalimide–GABA–anilide and hydrazone pharmacophore. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:146-51. [PMID: 17011080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two series of pharmacophoric hybrids of phthalimide-GABA-anilides/hydrazones were designed and synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the use of their spectral data besides elemental analysis. Initial anticonvulsant screening was performed using intraperitoneal (i.p.) maximal electroshock-induced seizure (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), subcutaneous strychnine (scSTY), and intraperitoneal picrotoxin (ipPIC)-induced seizure threshold tests. All of the compounds were ineffective in the MES test. Most of the compounds were found to be effective in the scSTY and ipPIC models and very few compounds showed protection in the scPTZ model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadeesan Vaigunda Ragavendran
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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24
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Ullrich JW, Unwalla RJ, Singhaus RR, Harris HA, Mewshaw RE. Estrogen receptor β ligands: Design and synthesis of new 2-phenyl-isoindole-1,3-diones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:118-22. [PMID: 17049855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the 2-phenyl-isoindole-1,3-diones will be discussed. Detailed modeling studies with X-ray support were used to understand the ligand binding orientation and observed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ullrich
- Chemical and Screening Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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25
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Pierre VC, Botta M, Aime S, Raymond KN. Substituent effects on Gd(III)-based MRI contrast agents: optimizing the stability and selectivity of the complex and the number of coordinated water molecules. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:8355-64. [PMID: 16999435 PMCID: PMC3190981 DOI: 10.1021/ic061262q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypyridinone (HOPO)-based Gd(III) complexes have previously been shown to exhibit high relaxivity, especially at the high magnetic fields that are clinically relevant for present and future clinical use. This is due to more than one coordinated water molecule exchanging rapidly with bulk solvent. These complexes, however, present poor water solubility. Heteropodal complexes which include a terephthalamide (TAM) moiety maintain the high relaxivity characteristics of the HOPO family and have been functionalized with solubilizing substituents of various charges. The charge of the substituent significantly affects the stability of the Gd(III) complex, with the most stable complex presenting a neutral charge. The solubilizing substituent also moderately affects the affinity of the complex for physiological anions, with the highest affinity observed for the positively charged complex. In any case, only two anions, phosphate and oxalate, measureably bind the Gd(III) complex with weak affinities that are comparable to other q = 1 complexes and much weaker than DO3A, q = 2 based complexes. Furthermore, unlike poly(amino-carboxylate)-based complexes, HOPO-based Gd(III) complexes do not show any noticeable interaction with carbonates. The nature of the substituent can also favorably stabilize the coordination of a third water molecule on the Gd(III) center and lead to a nine-coordinate ground state. Such complexes that attain q = 3 incorporate a substituent beta to the terminal amide of the TAM podand that is a hydrogen-bond acceptor, suggesting that the third water molecule is coordinated to the metal center through a hydrogen-bond network. These substituents include alcohols, primary amines, and acids. Moreover, the coordination of a third water molecule has been achieved without destabilizing the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Bellini 25/G, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Kenneth N. Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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26
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Abstract
Poly(ureidophthalimide)s decorated with hydrophilic side chains, that ensure solubility in aqueous media, have been synthesized and characterized by UV/Vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Temperature and concentration dependent CD measurements in water have revealed an almost temperature and concentration independent Cotton effect, indicative for a strong intramolecular organization. Similar studies in THF demonstrate the dynamic nature of the secondary architecture, a characteristic of foldamers. In addition, the bisignated Cotton effect in water is opposite in sign to that in THF, suggestive for a solvent-dependent preference for one helical handedness. Mixing experiments prove the dominance of water in determining the handedness of the helical architecture. The solvent allows for control over the helical architecture and thus governs the supramolecular synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatus W Sinkeldam
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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27
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Yanagawa T, Noguchi T, Miyachi H, Kobayashi H, Hashimoto Y. Tubulin polymerization inhibitors with a fluorinated phthalimide skeleton derived from thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4748-51. [PMID: 16870433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
4,7-Difluoro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione [4,7FPP-33 (14)] has a potent tubulin-polymerization-inhibiting activity comparable with those of the known tubulin-polymerization inhibitors rhizoxin and colchicine. The structure-activity relationship for fluorine substitution was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Yanagawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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28
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Abstract
A new method for preparing 15N-labeled phthalimide from the reaction between phthalic anhydride and 15N-urea (99.34% 15N) in the presence of ortho-xylene is described in this work. Reaction conditions were the mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to 15N-urea (99.34% 15N) of 3-1 at 140 degrees C and under atmospheric pressure. Excessive phthalic anhydride reacted with ethanol for 90 min. The by-product of diethyl phthalate dissolving in ethanol was separated by filtration. The high yield of 96% of 15N-labeled phthalimide was obtained and the purity and abundance was 99.5% and 99.04%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 75, Beijing, 100029, China
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29
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Okunrobo LO, Usifoh CO, Scriba GKE. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-hydroxymethylbenzamides as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Acta Pol Pharm 2006; 63:25-31. [PMID: 17515326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The ring opening of some phthalimide derivatives with sodium borohydride in methanol/water (6:1) afforded the corresponding 2-hydroxymethylbenzamides irrespective of the substituents. The most active members of the series evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were 2-hydroxymethyl-N-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethylbenzamide (3d) and 2-hydroxymethyl-N-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propylbenzamide (3e), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky O Okunrobo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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30
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Luzzio FA, Duveau DY, Lepper ER, Figg WD. Synthesis of Racemic cis-5-Hydroxy-3-phthalimidoglutarimide. A Metabolite of Thalidomide Isolated from Human Plasma. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10117-20. [PMID: 16292851 DOI: 10.1021/jo0514772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A synthesis of the glutarimide-derived metabolite of thalidomide, 5'-hydroxythalidomide (2), is described. The synthesis employed the lactone derivative of N-benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ)-protected 4-hydroxyglutamic acid 12, which is prepared by a de novo route from diethyl acetamidomalonate. The reaction of 12 with 4-methoxybenzylamine gave the corresponding isoglutamine, which then provided the key CBZ-protected N-PMB-glutarimide 14 after dehydration. Deprotection of both the CBZ and PMB groups followed by phthalimidation and deacetylation of the 3-amino-5-acetoxyglutarimide 16 afforded 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
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31
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Huang MZ, Huang KL, Ren YG, Lei MX, Huang L, Hou ZK, Liu AP, Ou XM. Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-(7-fluoro-3-oxo- 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)isoindoline-1,3-diones. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:7908-14. [PMID: 16190649 DOI: 10.1021/jf051494s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The mode of action of 2-(7-fluoro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-isoindoline-1,3-diones, including the commercial herbicide flumioxazin, had been identified as inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox). As part of continuous efforts to search for new herbicides with high efficacy, broad-spectrum activity, and safety to crops, flumioxazin and its iodo analogue (B2055) were used as lead compounds for further optimization. Series of novel compounds were prepared by multistep synthetic procedures starting from 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenol. All of the test compounds were structurally confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Preliminary bioassay data showed that some of them possess commercial levels of herbicidal activity comparable to those of other protox-inhibiting herbicides. One of the best compounds, 5-fluoro-2-(7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-ynyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (8e), has IC50 values for velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic) and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) comparable to thos of B2055. With respect to crop selectivity, compound 8e is similar to flumioxazin. Compound 8e is safe to cotton and maize at a rate of 150 g of active ingredient (ai)/ha or less when applied at pre-emergent stage, and it has the best safety to wheat among the tested crops, showing no injury after post-emergent application at 7.5-30 g of ai/ha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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32
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Shinji C, Nakamura T, Maeda S, Yoshida M, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design and synthesis of phthalimide-type histone deacetylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4427-31. [PMID: 16137884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several hydroxamic acid derivatives with a substituted phthalimide group as a linker and/or cap structure, prepared during structural development studies based on thalidomide, were found to have histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that nature of the substituent introduced at the phthalimide nitrogen atom, introduction of a hydroxamic acid structure, and distance between the N-hydroxyl group and the cap structure are important for HDAC-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Shinji
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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33
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Hennessy EJ, Buchwald SL. Synthesis of 4,5-Dianilinophthalimide and Related Analogues for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease via Palladium-Catalyzed Amination. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7371-5. [PMID: 16122261 DOI: 10.1021/jo051096o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
DAPH (4,5-dianilinophthalimide) has previously been shown to reverse the formation of neurotoxic fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a synthetic route to DAPH and structurally related analogues that employs palladium-catalyzed amination as the key bond-forming step. The requisite substrates are easily obtained, and their coupling with substituted anilines proceeds in generally high yields. Thus, a variety of DAPH analogues can be quickly accessed in a modular fashion. In addition, the route described herein should also be amenable to the incorporation of other classes of nucleophiles into the molecular framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Hennessy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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34
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Li Z, Yang Q, Qian X. Novel thiazonaphthalimides as efficient antitumor and DNA photocleaving agents: Effects of intercalation, side chains, and substituent groups. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4864-70. [PMID: 15925513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel antitumor and DNA photocleaving agents was designed and synthesized by fusing a (substituted) thiazole ring to the naphthalimide skeletons. C1, the most active compound against A549, was about 30-fold more cytotoxic than the compound amonafide. A1, the most active compound against P388, was about 6-fold more cytotoxic than amonafide. C2, the most efficient DNA intercalator, showed the strongest DNA photocleaving activity via superoxide anion produced under UV light at 360 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
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35
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Machado AL, Lima LM, Araújo JX, Fraga CAM, Koatz VLG, Barreiro EJ. Design, synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of novel phthalimide derivatives, structurally related to thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1169-72. [PMID: 15686935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort to develop new thalidomide analogues as antiinflammatory lead-candidates, this paper describes the synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of novel N-phenyl-phthalimide functionalized derivatives (4a-d, 5a,b, 6a,b). The target compounds were assayed in an acute lung inflammatory model and all compounds were able to inhibit TNF-alpha production and subsequent neutrophil recruitment in the LPS-acute lung inflammatory model.
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36
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Li Z, Yang Q, Qian X. Novel 2-aminothiazonaphthalimides as visible light activatable photonucleases: effects of intercalation, heterocyclic-fused area and side chains. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1769-72. [PMID: 15780603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Revised: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new family of 2-aminothiazonaphthalimides with different side chains as novel intercalative and visible light activatable photonucleases, was designed, synthesized and quantitatively evaluated. The order of their photocleaving abilities was parallel to that of their intercalative properties. The compound with linear heterocyclic-fused chromophore could intercalate into and photocleave DNA more efficiently than the one with angular heterocyclic-fused chromophore. B(2), the most efficient compound, caused obvious DNA damage at 1 microM. Mechanism experiment showed that superoxide anion was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, PO Box 158, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, China
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37
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Routier S, Peixoto P, Mérour JY, Coudert G, Dias N, Bailly C, Pierré A, Léonce S, Caignard DH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Naphthocarbazoles as Potential Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1401-13. [PMID: 15743184 DOI: 10.1021/jm049213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the efficient synthesis involving palladium-catalyzed reactions and biological evaluation of new naphthocarbazoles designed as potential anticancer agents. The use of 5- and 6-benzyloxyindoles generated three substitution sites which were successively exploited to introduce several hydrophilic side chains. The cytotoxicity of the newly designed compounds was evaluated on three cell lines. Several compounds showed a marked cytotoxicity with IC(50) values in the sub-micromolar range. This is the case for the 3-hydroxy-naphthopyrrolocarbazoledione 37, bearing a dimethylaminoethyl side chain, which is extremely cytotoxic to L1210 and DU145 cells (IC(50): 36 nM, 108 nM) and induces an accumulation of L1210 cells in the G2+M phases of the cell cycle. Some of the most cytotoxic compounds were tested for inhibition of CDK-5, GSK-3 and topoisomerase I, and their interaction with DNA was also evaluated. Interaction with DNA was detected, suggesting that nucleic acids represent a privileged target for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, Université d'orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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38
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Muth M, Sennwitz M, Mohr K, Holzgrabe U. Muscarinic Allosteric Enhancers of Ligand Binding: Pivotal Pharmacophoric Elements in Hexamethonio-Type Agents. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2212-7. [PMID: 15771463 DOI: 10.1021/jm049616f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisphthalimidopropyl-substituted hexamethonio compounds have been established as allosteric modulators of ligand binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Enhancers of ligand binding are of special interest. This study aimed to unravel the structural elements inducing positive cooperativity with the binding of an antagonist. [(3)H]-N-methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic M(2) receptors was measured in porcine heart homogenates. Dimethylation, but not monomethylation, of the lateral propyl chain in combination with an affinity increasing aromatic imide moiety, such as a 5-methylphthalimide and naphthalimide, on the same side of the molecule shifts the cooperativity toward positive values, resulting in enhancers of antagonist binding. Thus, lateral side chain dimethylation is a pivotal pharmacophoric element for positive cooperativity in hexamethonio-type muscarinic allosteric agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Muth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Verschueren WG, Dierynck I, Amssoms KIE, Hu L, Boonants PMJG, Pille GME, Daeyaert FFD, Hertogs K, Surleraux DLNG, Wigerinck PBTP. Design and Optimization of Tricyclic Phtalimide Analogues as Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase. J Med Chem 2004; 48:1930-40. [PMID: 15771437 DOI: 10.1021/jm049559q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase is an essential enzyme for effective viral replication and hence a valid target for the design of inhibitors. We report here on the design and synthesis of a novel series of phthalimide analogues as integrase inhibitors. The short synthetic pathway enabled us to synthesize a series of analogues with a defined structure diversity. The presence of a single carbonyl-hydroxy-aromatic nitrogen motif was shown to be essential for the enzymatic activity and this was confirmed by molecular docking studies. The enzymatically most active compound from this series is 7-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5,9-dihydroxypyrrolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-6,8-dione (15l) with an IC(50) value of 112 nM on the HIV-1 integrase enzyme, while ((7-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5,9-dihydroxy-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-6,8-dione (15k)) showed an EC(50) of 270 nM against HIV-1 in a cell-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim G Verschueren
- Tibotec BVBA, Generaal de Wittelaan L 11B 3, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium.
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40
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Mohr M, Heller E, Ataie A, Mohr K, Holzgrabe U. Development of a new type of allosteric modulator of muscarinic receptors: hybrids of the antagonist AF-DX 384 and the hexamethonio derivative W84. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3324-7. [PMID: 15163212 DOI: 10.1021/jm031095t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various fragments of the hexamethonio-type allosteric agent W84 were linked to the secondary amino group of the muscarinic M(2) acetylcholine receptor-preferring antagonist AF-DX 384 to increase the area of attachment with the allosteric site. Addition of only the phthalimido moiety of W84 gave an allosteric enhancer of NMS binding. Thus, a new lead structure for the development of allosteric enhancers of NMS binding has been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mohr
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
A new 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) phthalimide-based environment-sensitive fluorescent building block for solid phase peptide synthesis, has been synthesized and incorporated into peptides. Peptides incorporating this residue show great potential for biological applications in sensing protein/protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eugenio Vazquez
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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42
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Zhang SN, Li ZJ, Cai MS. Synthesis of N-sugar-substituted phthalimides and their derivatives from sugar azides and phthalic anhydride. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1419-20. [PMID: 15178382 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Sugar-substituted phthalimides and tetrachlorophthalimide derivatives can be prepared in good yields under essentially neutral conditions. Mixing a sugar azide, NaI, Me3SiCl, phthalic or substituted phthalic anhydride and tetrabutylammonium iodide as catalyst in acetonitrile at rt or 60 degrees C, afforded 12 imides in 83-95% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Na Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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43
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Sano H, Noguchi T, Tanatani A, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. N-Phenylphthalimide-Type Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors Derived from Thalidomide: Substituent Effects on Subtype Selectivity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:1021-2. [PMID: 15305008 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several N-substituted phenylphthalimide and phenylhomophthalimide derivatives with cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitory activity were prepared during structural development studies based on thalidomide as a lead compound. Substituent effects on the subtype selectivity were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sano
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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44
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Abstract
A series of N-aryl- or N-(1,2,4-triazol-yl)-phthalimides (4a-4i) have been synthesized starting from phthalic anhydride (1) and an appropriate amine (2a-2i). All compounds presented hypolipidemic activity, but compound 4d proved to be the most active and reduced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Swiss white mice significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L M Sena
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Luis Freire, S/N, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
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45
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Huang CQ, Wilcoxen K, McCarthy JR, Haddach M, Grigoriadis D, Chen C. Synthesis of 1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines via a methylation of 4-phthalimino-3-phenylpyrazoles and optimization toward highly potent corticotropin-releasing factor type-1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3371-4. [PMID: 12951128 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines were synthesized via a cyclization reaction of 1-methyl-4-amino-3-phenylpyrazoles 8 with ethyl acetoacetate. Optimization of this series of compounds resulted in CRF(1) antagonists with subnanomolar binding affinity. Compounds bearing a polar group such as methoxy or hydroxy were also found to be very active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Q Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 10555 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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46
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Yoon UC, Jin YX, Oh SW, Park CH, Park JH, Campana CF, Cai X, Duesler EN, Mariano PS. A synthetic strategy for the preparation of cyclic peptide mimetics based on SET-promoted photocyclization processes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:10664-71. [PMID: 12940751 DOI: 10.1021/ja030297b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of cyclic peptide analogues has been developed. The general approach relies on the use of SET-promoted photocyclization reactions of peptides that contain N-terminal phthalimides as light absorbing electron acceptor moieties and C-terminal alpha-amidosilane or alpha-amidocarboxylate centers. Prototypical substrates are prepared by coupling preformed peptides with the acid chloride of N-phthalimidoglycine. Irradiation of these substrates results in the generation of cyclic peptide analogues in modest to good yields. The chemical efficiencies of these processes are not significantly affected by (1) the lengths of the peptide chains separating the phthalimide and alpha-amidosilane or alpha-amidocarboxylate centers and (2) the nature of the penultimate cation radical alpha-heterolytic fragmentation process (i.e., desilylation vs decarboxylation). An evaluation of the effects of N-alkyl substitution on the amide residues in the peptide chain showed that N-alkyl substitution does not have a major impact on the efficiencies of the photocyclization reactions but that it profoundly increases the stability of the cyclic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ung Chan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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47
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Le Diguarher T, Chollet AM, Bertrand M, Hennig P, Raimbaud E, Sabatini M, Guilbaud N, Pierré A, Tucker GC, Casara P. Stereospecific synthesis of 5-substituted 2-bisarylthiocyclopentane carboxylic acids as specific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3840-52. [PMID: 12930146 DOI: 10.1021/jm0307638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of a series of cyclopentane carboxylic acid matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors are described. Potent and specific MMP-2, -3, -9, -13 inhibitors were obtained by regio- and stereoselective substitutions at positions 2 and 5 on the cyclopentane ring. Compounds 2a and 2e are active in the mouse B16-F10 metastasis model and display very good pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Le Diguarher
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France, and Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue E. Vignat, 45007 Orléans, France
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48
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Abstract
The chemical diversity and various mechanisms of action of anticonvulsants make it difficult to identify a common pharmacophore. The present review outlines different pharmacophore models for anticonvulsant activity with emphasis on the development of new drugs. Some of them represent models for structurally different classes of compounds with similar mechanisms of action. Others represent pharmacophore models for similar chemical classes of compounds for which the mechanism of anticonvulsant action is not clear. A pharmacophore model for sodium channel blocking compounds, anticonvulsants with the phthalimide pharmacophore, a model for anticonvulsant semicarbazones, and a model for GABA uptake inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Malawska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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49
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Orzeszko A, Lasek W, Switaj T, Stoksik M, Kamińska B. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production-regulating activity of phthalimide derivatives in genetically modified murine melanoma cells B78H1. Farmaco 2003; 58:371-6. [PMID: 12729831 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of imides, monothioimides, trimellitimides, as well as 5'-deoxy-5'-phthaloylamino-derivatives of azidothymidine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by genetically modified murine B78H1 melanoma cells transduced with the gene for human TNF-alpha (B78/TNF) was investigated. It was found that N-(adamant-1-yl)monothiophthalimide (1e) and N-(adamant-2-yl)-monothiophthalimide (1f) showed over 200% enhancing of TNF-alpha production while some of imides were inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Orzeszko
- Institute of Chemistry, Agricultural University, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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50
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Parkes KEB, Ermert P, Fässler J, Ives J, Martin JA, Merrett JH, Obrecht D, Williams G, Klumpp K. Use of a pharmacophore model to discover a new class of influenza endonuclease inhibitors. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1153-64. [PMID: 12646026 DOI: 10.1021/jm020334u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Data from both our own and literature studies of the biochemistry and inhibition of influenza virus endonuclease was combined with data on the mechanism of action and the likely active site mechanism to propose a pharmacophore. The pharmacophore was used to design a novel structural class of inhibitors, some of which were found to have activities similar to that of known influenza endonuclease inhibitors and were also antiviral in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E B Parkes
- Roche Discovery Welwyn, 40 Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Herts, AL7 3AY, UK.
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