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Wang MH, Ye Y, Zhang M, Zhou BR, Wang JN, Song YN, Xia W. Exosome-mediated delivery of SCD-1 siRNA promoted the death of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells via regulating ROS level. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:288-296. [PMID: 34287816 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is one of major enzymes in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and is related to cancer aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis. The study aimed to construct exosomes loaded SCD-1 interference, investigate its effects and mechanisms on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of ATC cells. METHODS The expressions of SCD-1 in normal thyroid cell line and ATC cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Exosomes were prepared and purification then loaded with SCD-1 siRNA by electroporation and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Higher SCD-1 mRNA and protein levels were found in ATC cell lines compared than normal thyroid cell line (P < 0.05), and both Hth-7 and FRO cells could uptake PKH67-labeled exosomes. The effects of exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA on ATC cells were measured by CCK8 assay and apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS When compared with control group, the cell viability significantly decreased in both two ATC cell lines taken up exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA (P < 0.001), and apoptotic and necrotic cells obviously increased (P < 0.05). In order to explore the mechanism of exosomes loaded SCD-1 on ATC, the ROS level was detected by fluorescence reagent. It was found that exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA significantly increased intracellular ROS level of ATC cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA inhibited ATC cellular proliferation and promoted cellular apoptosis, and the mechanisms involved maybe the regulation of fatty acids metabolism and ROS level. Our study provides a promising therapeutic strategy for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - B R Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - J N Wang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Y N Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Ding D, Chen C. Cracking the egg: A breakthrough in piRNA function in mammalian oocytes and embryos. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:6-8. [PMID: 34725680 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Huang S, Yoshitake K, Asakawa S. A Review of Discovery Profiling of PIWI-Interacting RNAs and Their Diverse Functions in Metazoans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011166. [PMID: 34681826 PMCID: PMC8538981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that perform crucial biological functions in metazoans and defend against transposable elements (TEs) in germ lines. Recently, ubiquitously expressed piRNAs were discovered in soma and germ lines using small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) in humans and animals, providing new insights into the diverse functions of piRNAs. However, the role of piRNAs has not yet been fully elucidated, and sRNA-seq studies continue to reveal different piRNA activities in the genome. In this review, we summarize a set of simplified processes for piRNA analysis in order to provide a useful guide for researchers to perform piRNA research suitable for their study objectives. These processes can help expand the functional research on piRNAs from previously reported sRNA-seq results in metazoans. Ubiquitously expressed piRNAs have been discovered in the soma and germ lines in Annelida, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Crustacea, Arthropoda, and Mollusca, but they are limited to germ lines in Chordata. The roles of piRNAs in TE silencing, gene expression regulation, epigenetic regulation, embryonic development, immune response, and associated diseases will continue to be discovered via sRNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqian Huang
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-3-5841-5296 (S.A.); Fax: +81-3-5841-8166 (S.A.)
| | | | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-3-5841-5296 (S.A.); Fax: +81-3-5841-8166 (S.A.)
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4
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Lu JF, Luo S, Jin TC, Lu XJ, Chen J. Nonstructural protein NS26 of grass carp reovirus is a principal regulator for viral replication and infection. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:661-664. [PMID: 33715183 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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5
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Wang S, Li P, Jiang G, Guan J, Chen D, Zhang X. Long non-coding RNA LOC285194 inhibits proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-211/PUMA and TGF-β1/S100A4 signal. Bioengineered 2020; 11:718-728. [PMID: 32619136 PMCID: PMC8291892 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1788354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA LOC285194 (LOC285194) has reported to regulate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Here we aimed to determine the role of LOC285194 in the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of VSMCs and its underlying mechanisms. A7r5 cells were transfected with Lv-LOC285194 or control Lv-NC for 24-72 h, or small interfering RNA targeting S100A4 (S100A4 siRNA) for 24-48 h, or co-transfected with Lv-LOC285194 and PUMA siRNA for 72 h, or treated with miR-211 inhibitor or co-transfected with Lv-LOC285194 and miR-211 mimics for 72 h. A7r5 cells were also treated with transforming growth factor - β(TGF-β) (5 ng/ml) after Lv-LOC285194 transfection for 24 h. The relationship between LOC285194 and TGF-β was confirmed using luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, ELISA and TUNEL staining. LOC285194 and miR-211 expression were detected by qPCR assay. S100A4, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein were detected by Western blot assay. LOC285194 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted cell apoptosis accompanied by upregulation of PUMA and downregulation of miR-211 and S100A4. Targeting PUMA reversed the effect of LOC285194 on cell apoptosis and proliferation. miR-211 mimic inhibited LOC285194-induced PUMA upregulation and decreased LOC285194-induced cell apoptosis. TGF-β (5 ng/ml) treatment reversed S100A4 siRNA or LOC285194-induced S100A4 expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that TGF-β was the target of LOC285194. LOC285194 inhibits proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-211/PUMA signal; In addition, LOC285194 decreased cell invasion and migration by targeting TGF-β1/S100A4 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Guan
- Emergency Surgery, Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Chen
- General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Tseng KC, Chiang-Hsieh YF, Pai H, Wu NY, Zheng HQ, Chow CN, Lee TY, Chang SB, Lin NS, Chang WC. sRIS: A Small RNA Illustration System for Plant Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:1204-1212. [PMID: 32181856 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small RNA (sRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA, are well-known to control gene expression based on degradation of target mRNA in plants. A considerable amount of research has applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) to reveal the regulatory pathways of plant sRNAs. Consequently, numerous bioinformatics tools have been developed for the purpose of analyzing sRNA NGS data. However, most methods focus on the study of sRNA expression profiles or novel miRNAs predictions. The analysis of sRNA target genes is usually not integrated into their pipelines. As a result, there is still no means available for identifying the interaction mechanisms between host and virus or the synergistic effects between two viruses. For the present study, a comprehensive system, called the Small RNA Illustration System (sRIS), has been developed. This system contains two main components. The first is for sRNA overview analysis and can be used not only to identify miRNA but also to investigate virus-derived small interfering RNA. The second component is for sRNA target prediction, and it employs both bioinformatics calculations and degradome sequencing data to enhance the accuracy of target prediction. In addition, this system has been designed so that figures and tables for the outputs of each analysis can be easily retrieved and accessed, making it easier for users to quickly identify and quantify their results. sRIS is available at http://sris.itps.ncku.edu.tw/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chiang-Hsieh
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Pai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yun Wu
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Qin Zheng
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Nga Chow
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, NCKU-AS Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song-Bin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, NCKU-AS Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Wen L, Wen C, Zhang F, Wang K, Yuan H, Hu F. siRNA and chemotherapeutic molecules entrapped into a redox-responsive platform for targeted synergistic combination therapy of glioma. Nanomedicine 2020; 28:102218. [PMID: 32413510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated as the key regulator of tumor neovascularization. RNAi interference plays a critical role on down-regulation of VEGF, while single VEGF inhibition could not completely suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth; the effect of siRNA is temporary. To improve glioma therapy efficacy, an angiopep-2 (Ap) modified redox-responsive glycolipid-like copolymer co-delivering siVEGF and paclitaxel (PTX), termed as Ap-CSssSA/P/R complexes, was developed in this study. Ap modification significantly enhanced the distribution of Ap-CSssSA in glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Ap-CSssSA/P/R complexes could simultaneously deliver siVEGF and PTX into tumor cells, exhibiting great superiority in glioma growth suppression via receptor-mediated targeting delivery and cell apoptosis, accompanied with an obvious inhibition of neovascularization induced by VEGF gene silencing. The present study indicated that the combination delivery of siVEGF and PTX via Ap-modified copolymeric micelles presented a promising and safe platform for glioma targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fengtian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Cohen-Berkman M, Dudkevich R, Ben-Hamo S, Fishman A, Salzberg Y, Waldman Ben-Asher H, Lamm AT, Henis-Korenblit S. Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:e50896. [PMID: 32213289 PMCID: PMC7136021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How lifespan and the rate of aging are set is a key problem in biology. Small RNAs are conserved molecules that impact diverse biological processes through the control of gene expression. However, in contrast to miRNAs, the role of endo-siRNAs in aging remains unexplored. Here, by combining deep sequencing and genomic and genetic approaches in Caenorhabditis elegans, we reveal an unprecedented role for endo-siRNA molecules in the maintenance of proteostasis and lifespan extension in germline-less animals. Furthermore, we identify an endo-siRNA-regulated tyrosine phosphatase, which limits the longevity of germline-less animals by restricting the activity of the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1. Altogether, our findings point to endo-siRNAs as a link between germline removal and the HSF-1 proteostasis and longevity-promoting somatic pathway. This establishes a role for endo siRNAs in the aging process and identifies downstream genes and physiological processes that are regulated by the endo siRNAs to affect longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Cohen-Berkman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Reut Dudkevich
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Shani Ben-Hamo
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Alla Fishman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion CityHaifaIsrael
| | - Yehuda Salzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Ayelet T Lamm
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion CityHaifaIsrael
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
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9
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Li J, Leung CWT, Wong DSH, Xu J, Li R, Zhao Y, Yung CYY, Zhao E, Tang BZ, Bian L. Photocontrolled SiRNA Delivery and Biomarker-Triggered Luminogens of Aggregation-Induced Emission by Up-Conversion NaYF 4:Yb 3+Tm 3+@SiO 2 Nanoparticles for Inducing and Monitoring Stem-Cell Differentiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:22074-22084. [PMID: 28350958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the differentiation of stem cells and monitoring cell differentiation has attracted much research interest since the discovery of stem cells. In this regard, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated nanoplatform is obtained by encapsulating the photoactivatable caged compound (DMNPE/siRNA) and combining a MMP13 cleaved imaging peptide-tetrapheny-lethene (TPE) unit conjugated with the mesoporous silica-coated up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for the remote control of cell differentiation and, simultaneously, for the real-time monitoring of differentiation. Upon NIR light illumination, the photoactivated caged compound is activated, and the siRNA is released from UCNPs, allowing controlled differentiation of stem cells by light. More importantly, MMP13 enzyme triggered by osteogenic differentiation would effectively cleave the TPE probe peptide, thereby allowing the real-time monitoring of differentiation in living stem cells by aggregation-induced emission (AIE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Chris Wai Tung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Dexter Siu Hong Wong
- Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yueyue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Chris Yu Yee Yung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Engui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Liming Bian
- Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou , China
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Abstract
This study is to investigate the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) on the proliferation of human embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and its molecular mechanism.Human embryonic NSCs were isolated. The pCMV2-GV146-GFP-mGluR7 plasmid was transfected to over-express mGluR7 while mGluR7 siRNA was transfected to knockdown mGluR7. MTT assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by Western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively.The viability of human NSCs and the diameter of neurospheres after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of transfection significantly increased by mGluR7 overexpression whereas significantly decreased by mGluR7 knockdown. Ki-67 expression was up-regulated by mGluR7 overexpression whereas down-regulated by mGluR7 siRNA, indicating a promotive effect of mGluR7 on NSC proliferation. After mGluR7 overexpression, G1/G0 phase cell ratio dropped significantly compared with control group, while the S phase cell ratio increased. mGluR7 silencing arrested human NSCs at G1/G0 phase. After 48 hours of transfection, there was a decrease of apoptosis by mGluR7 overexpression, while mGluR7 silencing induced apoptosis of human NSCs. Additionally, overexpression of mGluR7 up-regulated the expression of p-serine/threonine kinase (AKT), cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The mGluR7 knockdown had opposite effects. Similarly, mGluR7 down-regulated the expression of Caspase-3/9, while the mGluR7 knockdown promoted this.mGluR7 can promote the proliferation of human embryonic cortical NSCs in vitro. This effect may be mediated by promoting cell cycle progression, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the AKT signaling pathway, and inhibiting the Caspase-3/9 signaling pathway.
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11
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Dillinger AE, Guter M, Froemel F, Weber GR, Perkumas K, Stamer WD, Ohlmann A, Fuchshofer R, Breunig M. Intracameral Delivery of Layer-by-Layer Coated siRNA Nanoparticles for Glaucoma Therapy. Small 2018; 14:e1803239. [PMID: 30353713 PMCID: PMC6599181 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a mediator of pathological effects in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC). A novel, causative therapeutic concept which involves the intracameral delivery of small interfering RNA against CTGF is proposed. Layer-by-layer coated nanoparticles of 200-260 nm with a final layer of hyaluronan (HA) are developed. The HA-coating should provide the nanoparticles sufficient mobility in the extracellular matrix and allow for binding to TM and SC cells via CD44. By screening primary TM and SC cells in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo, the validity of the concept is confirmed. CD44 expression is elevated in glaucomatous versus healthy cells by about two- to sixfold. CD44 is significantly involved in the cellular uptake of HA-coated nanoparticles. Ex vivo organ culture of porcine, murine, and human eyes demonstrates up to threefold higher accumulation of HA compared to control nanoparticles and much better penetration into the target tissue. Gene silencing in primary human TM cells results in a significant reduction of CTGF expression. Thus, HA-coated nanoparticles combined with RNA interference may provide a potential strategy for glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Dillinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Guter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Froemel
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor R Weber
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Perkumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Fuchshofer
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Lin CY, Lee HC, Wu JH, Tsai HJ. Short fish-origin DNA elements served as flanking sequences in a knockdown cloning vector enabling the generation of a functional siRNA molecule in mammalian cells and fish embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:850-857. [PMID: 30301529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Improving the quality of a siRNA-knockdown cloning vector requires simpler, shorter, and more effective flanking sequences. In this study, we designed such flanking sequences based on those found in zebrafish pre-miR3906, namely, internal element (IE) 1 and IE2. We engineered a vegf-shRNA fragment flanked by an 80-bp IE1/IE2 and then inserted into the 3' UTR of GFP reporter cDNA driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter to obtain a plasmid containing gfp-IE-vegf-shRNA-polA. Upon microinjection of this plasmid into zebrafish embryos, we found that IE flanking sequences could effectively induce the production of vegf-shRNA fragment, which was then processed into a functional siRNA to silence the target vegf121 gene. Northern blot showed that the vegf-shRNA fragment was cleaved from gfp-IE-vegf-shRNA-polA, resulting in the loss of polyA tails, subsequently degrading the remaining RNA-containing GFP. Moreover, Western blot revealed that addition of IE-based vegf-shRNA fragment could markedly decrease the expression of VEGF. Finally, to facilitate a more versatile application of the IE-based knockdown vector, we generated an inducible expression vector in which IE-vegf-shRNA was constructed downstream in a Tet-on system to generate a Tet-on-IE-vegf-shRNA construct. After doxycycline induction, the protein level of VEGF in SW620 cells harboring the Tet-on-IE-vegf-shRNA construct was decreased 77%. Interestingly, when SW620 cells harboring Tet-on-IE-vegf-shRNA cells were induced and transplanted into zebrafish embryos, we found that abnormal branch of the sub-intestinal vessels was reduced in the recipient embryos, suggesting that vegf-shRNA cleaved from Tet-on-IE-vegf-shRNA-polA was processed into a functional vegf-siRNA in embryos suppressing endogenous VEGF and reducing tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, we conclude that fish-origin IEs are flanking sequences with short, simple, and effective DNA elements. This IE-based knockdown cloning vector provides a new alternative material to facilitate the generation of functional siRNA with which to perform loss-of-function experiments, both in vitro (mammalian cells) and in vivo (zebrafish embryos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hui Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Chen X, Legrand AJ, Cunniffe S, Hume S, Poletto M, Vaz B, Ramadan K, Yao D, Dianov GL. Interplay between base excision repair protein XRCC1 and ALDH2 predicts overall survival in lung and liver cancer patients. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:527-539. [PMID: 30088263 PMCID: PMC6153960 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To deliver efficacious personalised cancer treatment, it is essential to characterise the cellular metabolism as well as the genetic stability of individual tumours. In this study, we describe a new axis between DNA repair and detoxification of aldehyde derivatives with important implications for patient prognosis and treatment. METHODS Western blot and qPCR analyses were performed in relevant non-transformed and cancer cell lines from lung and liver tissue origin in combination with bioinformatics data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas database from lung and hepatocellular cancer patients. RESULTS Using both biochemical and bioinformatics approaches, we revealed an association between the levels of expression of the aldehyde detoxifying enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and the key DNA base excision repair protein XRCC1. Across cancer types, we found that if one of the corresponding genes exhibits a low expression level, the level of the other gene is increased. Surprisingly, we found that low ALDH2 expression levels associated with high XRCC1 expression levels are indicative for a poor overall survival, particularly in lung and liver cancer patients. In addition, we found that Mithramycin A, a XRCC1 expression inhibitor, efficiently kills cancer cells expressing low levels of ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lung and liver cancers require efficient single-strand break repair for their growth in order to benefit from a low aldehyde detoxification metabolism. We also propose that the ratio of XRCC1 and ALDH2 levels may serve as a useful prognostic tool in these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Arnaud J Legrand
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Siobhan Cunniffe
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Samuel Hume
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mattia Poletto
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bruno Vaz
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 63000.
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Abstract
Antisense RNA molecule represents a unique type of DNA transcript that comprises 19-23 nucleotides and is complementary to mRNA. Antisense RNAs play the crucial role in regulating gene expression at multiple levels, such as at replication, transcription, and translation. In addition, artificial antisense RNAs can effectively regulate the expression of related genes in host cells. With the development of antisense RNA, investigating the functions of antisense RNAs has emerged as a hot research field. This review summarizes our current understanding of antisense RNAs, particularly of the formation of antisense RNAs and their mechanism of regulating the expression of their target genes. In addition, we detail the effects and applications of antisense RNAs in antivirus and anticancer treatments and in regulating the expression of related genes in plants and microorganisms. This review is intended to highlight the key role of antisense RNA in genetic research and guide new investigators to the study of antisense RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jun-lan Zhang
- Department of In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD), Baiming Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Wei-guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Gan L, Chen Y, Liu H, Ju WH. Long Non-Coding RNA ZEB1-Antisense 1 Affects Cell Migration and Invasion of Cervical Cancer by Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2018; 84:136-144. [PMID: 30253398 DOI: 10.1159/000493265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZEB1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1) affects cell migration and invasion of cervical cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the p38MAPK pathway. METHODS Human cervical cancer cell line Hela was classified into Control, NC siRNA, ZEB1-AS1 siRNA, SB203580 (p38MAPK pathway inhibitor) and ZEB1-AS1 siRNA + Anisomycin (p38MAPK pathway activator) groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for ZEB1-AS1 expression, Western blotting to measure p38MAPK signaling pathway-/EMT-related proteins, and Wound-healing and Transwell assays to evaluate cell migration and invasion respectively. RESULTS ZEB1-AS1 was upregulated in cancer tissues and related to major clinicopathological features of cervical cancer. Besides, patients with lower-ZEB1-AS1-expression had a higher 5-year survival rate than those patients with higher-ZEB1-AS1-expression. High ZEB1-AS1 expression and advanced Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage were independent risk factors for patients' prognosis. Both ZEB1-AS1 siRNA and SB203580 effectively reduced p-p38 expression and the migration and invasion of Hela cells, with elevation of E-cadherin and reduction of Vimentin and N-cadherin. However, inhibitory effects of ZEB1-AS1 siRNA on EMT as well as cell migration and invasion of the Hela cell were reversed by Anisomycin. CONCLUSION Inhibition of ZEB1-AS1 can block the p38MAPK signaling pathway, ultimately restricting the EMT and suppressing cell migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, China,
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Wang F, Sheng JF, Cai L, Xu Y, Liao H, Tao ZZ. The Telomerase and Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres Mechanisms Regulate Laryngeal Cancer Cell Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt Pathway. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2018; 80:227-237. [PMID: 30212832 DOI: 10.1159/000489461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanisms influencing the apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of the telomerase mechanism were observed by knockdown of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The ALT mechanism was induced by silencing related genes including TRF2, RAD51, and NBS1. Effects of telomerase and ALT mechanisms on tumor development were confirmed by xenograft tumors model. Tumor cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Caspase-3 activity assay and Western blot were performed to investigate the possible mechanisms. RESULTS After silencing ALT- and telomerase mechanism-related genes, Bax and Bcl-2 were increased, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation were inhibited. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of telomere-related genes inhibited the growth of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fei Sheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
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Wang R, Degirmenci V, Xin H, Li Y, Wang L, Chen J, Hu X, Zhang D. PEI-Coated Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles Enable Efficient Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA Targeting REST into Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082230. [PMID: 30065155 PMCID: PMC6121642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent brain tumors lacking efficient treatment. The increasingly elucidated gene targets make siRNA-based gene therapy a promising anticancer approach, while an efficient delivery system is urgently needed. Here, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and applied for siRNA delivery into GBM cells to silence repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST). The prepared PEI-coated Fe₃O₄ NPs were characterized as magnetic nanoparticles with a positive charge, by transmission electronic microscopy, dynamic light-scattering analysis and a magnetometer. By gel retardation assay, the nanoparticles were found to form complexes with siRNA and the interaction proportion of NP to siRNA was 2.8:1. The cellular uptake of NP/siRNA complexes was verified by prussian blue staining, fluorescence labeling and flow cytometry in U-87 and U-251 GBM cells. Furthermore, the REST silencing examined by realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting presented significant reduction of REST in transcription and translation levels. Upon the treatment of NP/siRNA targeting REST, the GBM cell viabilities were inhibited and the migration capacities were repressed remarkably, analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and transwell assay separately. In this study, we demonstrated the PEI-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle as a vehicle for therapeutic siRNA delivery, at an appropriate NP/siRNA weight ratio for REST silencing in GBM cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration efficiently. These might represent a novel potential treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | | | - Hongchuan Xin
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Maurizi A, Capulli M, Patel R, Curle A, Rucci N, Teti A. RNA interference therapy for autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2. Towards the preclinical development. Bone 2018; 110:343-354. [PMID: 29501587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2) is a rare bone disease characterized by dense and brittle bones due to impairment of osteoclast bone resorption. Dominant negative mutations of the CLCN7 gene affect about 70% of ADO2 patients. ADO2 has no cure and our recent work established that it is suitable for gene silencing by a specific small interfering RNA that does not affect the normal mRNA, thus inducing a condition of pseudo-haplosufficiency and rescuing the bone phenotype. We performed a systematic study to test the likelihood that the therapy could progress towards clinical trials, treating Clcn7G213R/WT ADO2 mice with Clcn7G213R-specific siRNA and investigating the bone phenotype by μCT and histomorphometry, and safety, by histopathology and serology. We demonstrated that our Clcn7G213R siRNA is not only effective in pre-pubertal ADO2 male mice as we showed in our previous study, but also in adult and ageing mice, in males and females, by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration. Furthermore, the study also showed safety following prolonged chronic administration and allowed us to identify specific end-points to be potentially used in clinical trials. These results may pave the way towards regulatory toxicity studies, through which the therapy, that is patent-protected, can obtain approval from public health authorities for the transition to the Phase I/II clinical trials. The study also suggests that similar strategies could be applied to other autosomal dominant bone diseases, opening an avenue for a wider use of the RNA interference therapy in rare genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rajvi Patel
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annabel Curle
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Li F, Yang J, Villar VAM, Asico LD, Ma X, Armando I, Sanada H, Yoneda M, Felder RA, Jose PA, Wang X. Loss of renal SNX5 results in impaired IDE activity and insulin resistance in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:727-737. [PMID: 29080975 PMCID: PMC6342204 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesised that renal sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) regulates the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and, thus, circulating insulin levels. We therefore studied the dynamic interaction between SNX5 and IDE in human renal proximal tubule cells (hRPTCs), as well as in rat and mouse kidneys. METHODS The regulation of IDE by SNX5 expressed in the kidney was studied in vitro and in vivo. Snx5 or mock siRNA was added to immortalised hRPTCs (passage <20) in culture or selectively infused, via osmotic mini-pump, into the remnant kidney of uninephrectomised mice and rats. RESULTS SNX5 co-localised with IDE at the plasma membrane and perinuclear area of hRPTCs and in the brush border membrane of proximal tubules of human, rat, and mouse kidneys. Insulin increased the co-localisation and co-immunoprecipitation of SNX5 and IDE in hRPTCs. Silencing SNX5 in hRPTCs decreased IDE expression and activity. Renal-selective silencing of Snx5 (SNX5 protein: 100 ± 25 vs 29 ± 10, p < 0.05 [% of control]) in C57Bl/6J mice decreased IDE protein (100 ± 13 vs 57 ± 6, p < 0.05 [% of control]) and urinary insulin excretion, impaired the responses to insulin and glucose, and increased blood insulin and glucose levels. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) had increased blood insulin and glucose levels and decreased renal SNX5 (100 ± 27 vs 29 ± 6, p < 0.05 [% of control]) and IDE (100 ± 5 vs 75 ± 4, p < 0.05 [% of control]) proteins, compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Kidney Snx5-depleted WKY rats also had increased blood insulin and glucose levels. The expression of SNX5 and IDE was decreased in RPTCs from SHRs and hypertensive humans compared with cells from normotensive volunteers, indicating a common cause for hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Renal SNX5 positively regulates IDE expression and function. This study is the first to demonstrate the novel and crucial role of renal SNX5 in insulin and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Laureano D Asico
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ines Armando
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hironobu Sanada
- Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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Seok H, Lee H, Jang ES, Chi SW. Evaluation and control of miRNA-like off-target repression for RNA interference. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:797-814. [PMID: 28905147 PMCID: PMC11105550 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely adopted to repress specific gene expression and is easily achieved by designing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with perfect sequence complementarity to the intended target mRNAs. Although siRNAs direct Argonaute (Ago), a core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), to recognize and silence target mRNAs, they also inevitably function as microRNAs (miRNAs) and suppress hundreds of off-targets. Such miRNA-like off-target repression is potentially detrimental, resulting in unwanted toxicity and phenotypes. Despite early recognition of the severity of miRNA-like off-target repression, this effect has often been overlooked because of difficulties in recognizing and avoiding off-targets. However, recent advances in genome-wide methods and knowledge of Ago-miRNA target interactions have set the stage for properly evaluating and controlling miRNA-like off-target repression. Here, we describe the intrinsic problems of miRNA-like off-target effects caused by canonical and noncanonical interactions. We particularly focus on various genome-wide approaches and chemical modifications for the evaluation and prevention of off-target repression to facilitate the use of RNAi with secured specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Seok
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Haejeong Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Jang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- EncodeGEN Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06329, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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21
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Nonomura KI. Small RNA pathways responsible for non-cell-autonomous regulation of plant reproduction. Plant Reprod 2018; 31:21-29. [PMID: 29350289 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, germline precursors and germ cells are always attached to or engulfed within somatic companion cells until just before fertilization. This is because sperm and egg cells develop as part of the multicellular gametophyte. Thus, the non-cell-autonomous regulation by somatic companions plays important roles in efficient reproduction, in addition to the cell-autonomous regulation. Epigenetic silencing of transposable elements is one of the central events by which the germline transmits the error-free genome to the next generation. This review focuses on small RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of meiosis, spore formation and pollen development. Besides microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), animals express PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), a germline-specific class of small RNAs. Plants lack piRNA-like RNAs and, instead, express unique classes of small RNAs: trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA) and phased secondary siRNA (phasiRNA). Especially in grass species, 21- and 24-nucleotide phasiRNAs are abundant in anthers during premeiosis and meiosis. This review also describes recent progress in reproductive phasiRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Nonomura
- Experimental Farm, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
- Department of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies/SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
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Hua C, Zhao JH, Guo HS. Trans-Kingdom RNA Silencing in Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interactions. Mol Plant 2018; 11:235-244. [PMID: 29229568 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens represent a major group of plant invaders that are the causative agents of many notorious plant diseases. Large quantities of RNAs, especially small RNAs involved in gene silencing, have been found to transmit bidirectionally between fungal pathogens and their hosts. Although host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology has been developed and applied to protect crops from fungal infections, the mechanisms of RNA transmission, especially small RNAs regulating trans-kingdom RNA silencing in plant immunity, are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent important findings regarding trans-kingdom sRNAs and RNA silencing in plant-fungal pathogen interactions compared with the well-known RNAi mechanisms in plants and fungi. We focus on the interactions between plant and fungal pathogens with broad hosts, represented by the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae and non-vascular pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and discuss the known instances of natural RNAi transmission between fungal pathogens and host plants. Given that HIGS has been developed and recently applied in controlling Verticillium wilt diseases, we propose an ideal research system exploiting plant vasculature-Verticillium interaction to further study trans-kingdom RNA silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
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Li Z, You L, Yan D, James AA, Huang Y, Tan A. Bombyx mori histone methyltransferase BmAsh2 is essential for silkworm piRNA-mediated sex determination. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007245. [PMID: 29474354 PMCID: PMC5841826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex determination is a hierarchically-regulated process with high diversity in different organisms including insects. The W chromosome-derived Fem piRNA has been identified as the primary sex determination factor in the lepidopteran insect, Bombyx mori, revealing a distinctive piRNA-mediated sex determination pathway. However, the comprehensive mechanism of silkworm sex determination is still poorly understood. We show here that the silkworm PIWI protein BmSiwi, but not BmAgo3, is essential for silkworm sex determination. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion of BmSiwi results in developmental arrest in oogenesis and partial female sexual reversal, while BmAgo3 depletion only affects oogenesis. We identify three histone methyltransferases (HMTs) that are significantly down-regulated in BmSiwi mutant moths. Disruption one of these, BmAsh2, causes dysregulation of piRNAs and transposable elements (TEs), supporting a role for it in the piRNA signaling pathway. More importantly, we find that BmAsh2 mutagenesis results in oogenesis arrest and partial female-to-male sexual reversal as well as dysregulation of the sex determination genes, Bmdsx and BmMasc. Mutagenesis of other two HMTs, BmSETD2 and BmEggless, does not affect piRNA-mediated sex determination. Histological analysis and immunoprecipitation results support a functional interaction between the BmAsh2 and BmSiwi proteins. Our data provide the first evidence that the HMT, BmAsh2, plays key roles in silkworm piRNA-mediated sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony A. James
- Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anjiang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Zhao N, Zeng Z, Zu Y. Self-Assembled Aptamer-Nanomedicine for Targeted Chemotherapy and Gene Therapy. Small 2018; 14:10.1002/smll.201702103. [PMID: 29205808 PMCID: PMC5857619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). However, chemotherapy can cause severe adverse effects in patients because it is not ALCL-specific. In this study, a multifunctional aptamer-nanomedicine (Apt-NMed) achieving targeted chemotherapy and gene therapy of ALCL is developed. Apt-NMed is formulated by self-assembly of synthetic oligonucleotides containing CD30-specific aptamer and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-specific siRNA followed by self-loading of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Apt-NMed exhibits a well-defined nanostructure (diameter 59 mm) and stability in human serum. Under aptamer guidance, Apt-NMed specifically binds and internalizes targeted ALCL cells. Intracellular delivery of Apt-NMed triggers rapid DOX release for targeted ALCL chemotherapy and intracellular delivery of the ALK-specific siRNA induced ALK oncogene silencing, resulting in combined therapeutic effects. Animal model studies reveal that upon systemic administration, Apt-NMed specifically targets and selectively accumulates in ALCL tumor site, but does not react with off-target tumors in the same xenograft mouse. Importantly, Apt-NMed not only induces significantly higher inhibition in ALCL tumor growth, but also causes fewer or no side effects in treated mice compared to free DOX. Moreover, Apt-NMed treatment markedly improves the survival rate of treated mice, opening a new avenue for precision treatment of ALCL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nanomedicine/methods
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Survival Rate
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Jeyaraj A, Zhang X, Hou Y, Shangguan M, Gajjeraman P, Li Y, Wei C. Genome-wide identification of conserved and novel microRNAs in one bud and two tender leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by small RNA sequencing, microarray-based hybridization and genome survey scaffold sequences. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:212. [PMID: 29157210 PMCID: PMC5697157 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for plant growth and responses to environmental stresses via post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Tea, which is primarily produced from one bud and two tender leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide owing to its abundance of secondary metabolites. A large number of miRNAs have been identified in various plants, including non-model species. However, due to the lack of reference genome sequences and/or information of tea plant genome survey scaffold sequences, discovery of miRNAs has been limited in C. sinensis. RESULTS Using small RNA sequencing, combined with our recently obtained genome survey data, we have identified and analyzed 175 conserved and 83 novel miRNAs mainly in one bud and two tender leaves of the tea plant. Among these, 93 conserved and 18 novel miRNAs were validated using miRNA microarray hybridization. In addition, the expression pattern of 11 conserved and 8 novel miRNAs were validated by stem-loop-qRT-PCR. A total of 716 potential target genes of identified miRNAs were predicted. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that most of the target genes were primarily involved in stress response and enzymes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The predicted targets of 4 conserved miRNAs were further validated by 5'RLM-RACE. A negative correlation between expression profiles of 3 out of 4 conserved miRNAs (csn-miR160a-5p, csn-miR164a, csn-miR828 and csn-miR858a) and their targets (ARF17, NAC100, WER and MYB12 transcription factor) were observed. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study is one of few such studies on miRNA detection and identification in the tea plant. The predicted target genes of majority of miRNAs encoded enzymes, transcription factors, and functional proteins. The miRNA-target transcription factor gene interactions may provide important clues about the regulatory mechanism of these miRNAs in the tea plant. The data reported in this study will make a huge contribution to knowledge on the potential miRNA regulators of the secondary metabolism pathway and other important biological processes in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anburaj Jeyaraj
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Prabu Gajjeraman
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People’s Republic of China
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Poreddy S, Li J, Baldwin IT. Plant-mediated RNAi silences midgut-expressed genes in congeneric lepidopteran insects in nature. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:199. [PMID: 29132300 PMCID: PMC5683459 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-mediated RNAi (PMRi) silencing of insect genes has enormous potential for crop protection, but whether it works robustly under field conditions, particularly with lepidopteran pests, remains controversial. Wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and cultivated tobacco (N. tabacum) (Solanaceae) is attacked by two closely related specialist herbivores Manduca sexta and M. quinquemaculata (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). When M. sexta larvae attack transgenic N. attenuata plants expressing double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) targeting M. sexta's midgut-expressed genes, the nicotine-ingestion induced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (invert repeat (ir)CYP6B46-plants) and the lyciumoside-IV-ingestion induced β-glucosidase1 (irBG1-plants), these larval genes which are important for the larvae's response to ingested host toxins, are strongly silenced. RESULTS Here we show that the PMRi procedure also silences the homologous genes in native M. quinquemaculata larvae feeding on irCYP6B46 and irBG1-transgenic N. attenuata plants in nature. The PMRi lines shared 98 and 96% sequence similarity with M. quinquemaculata homologous coding sequences, and CYP6B46 and BG1 transcripts were reduced by ca. 90 and 80%, without reducing the transcripts of the larvae's most similar, potential off-target genes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the PMRi procedure can robustly and specifically silence genes in native congeneric insects that share sufficient sequence similarity and with the careful selection of targets, might protect crops from attack by congeneric-groups of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthi Poreddy
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiancai Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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27
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Liu Y, Ke L, Wu G, Xu Y, Wu X, Xia R, Deng X, Xu Q. miR3954 is a trigger of phasiRNAs that affects flowering time in citrus. Plant J 2017; 92:263-275. [PMID: 28749585 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plant, a few 22-nt miRNAs direct cleavages of their targets and trigger the biogenesis of phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) in plant. In this study, we characterized a miRNA triggering phasiRNAs generation, miR3954, and explored its downstream target genes and potential function. Our results demonstrated that miR3954 showed specific expression in the flowers of citrus species, and it targeted a NAC transcription factor (Cs7 g22460) and two non-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNAs, Cs1 g09600 and Cs1 g09635). The production of phasiRNAs was detected from transcripts targeted by miR3954, and was further verified in both sequencing data and transient expression experiments. PhasiRNAs derived from the two lncRNAs targeted not only miR3954-targeted NAC gene but also additional NAC homologous genes. No homologous genes of these two lncRNAs were found in plants other than citrus species, implying that this miR3954-lncRNAs-phasiRNAs-NAC pathway is likely citrus-specific. Transgenic analysis indicated that the miR3954-overexpressing lines showed decreased transcripts of lncRNA, elevated abundance of phasiRNAs and reduced expression of NAC genes. Interestingly, the overexpression of miR3954 leads to early flowering in citrus plants. In summary, our results illustrated a model of the regulatory network of miR3954-lncRNA-phasiRNAs-NAC, which may be functionally involved in flowering in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lili Ke
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guizhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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28
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Abstract
RNA is emerging as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of incurable diseases. Despite intense research, the advent to clinical utility remains compromised by numerous biological barriers, hence, there is a need for sophisticated delivery vehicles. In this aspect, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced platform among nonviral vectors for gene delivery. In this review, we critically review the literature and the reasons for ineffective delivery beyond the liver. We discuss the toxicity issues associated with permanently charged cationic lipids and then turn our attention to next-generation ionizable cationic lipids. These lipids exhibit reduced toxicity and immunogenicity and undergo ionization under the acidic environment of the endosome to release the encapsulated payload to their site of action in the cytosol. Finally, we summarize recent achievements in therapeutic nucleic acid delivery and report on the current status of clinical trials using LNP and the obstacles to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rietwyk
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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29
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Ge F, Huang X, Hu H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zou C, Peng H, Li L, Gao S, Pan G, Shen Y. Endogenous small interfering RNAs associated with maize embryonic callus formation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180567. [PMID: 28672003 PMCID: PMC5495461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction efficiency of maize embryonic callus is highly dependent on the genotype, and only a few lines possess a high capacity for callus formation. Although certain genes and pathways have been reported to contribute to the regulation of callus induction, to the best of our knowledge, the functions of the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) involved in this process remain unknown. In this study, we identified 861 differentially expressed siRNAs and 576 target genes in the callus induction process. These target genes were classified into 3 clusters, and their functions involve controlling metalloexopeptidase activity, catalase activity, transcription regulation, and O-methyltransferase activity. In addition, certain genes related to auxin transport and stem cell or meristem development (e.g., PLT5-like, ARF15, SAUR-like, FAS1-like, Fea3, SCL5, and Zmwox2A) were regulated by the differentially expressed siRNAs. Moreover, zma-siR004119-2 directly cleaves the 5' UTR of Homeobox-transcription factor 25, which further leads to the down-regulation of its expression. Twelve 24-nt-siRNAs led to the hyper-methylation of GRMZM2G013465, which further decreases its expression. These results suggest that differentially expressed siRNAs regulate callus formation by controlling the expression of their target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lujiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Wang F, Axtell MJ. AGO4 is specifically required for heterochromatic siRNA accumulation at Pol V-dependent loci in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2017; 90:37-47. [PMID: 28002617 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, 24 nucleotide long heterochromatic siRNAs (het-siRNAs) transcriptionally regulate gene expression by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). The biogenesis of most het-siRNAs depends on the plant-specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), and ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4) is a major het-siRNA effector protein. Through genome-wide analysis of sRNA-seq data sets, we found that AGO4 is required for the accumulation of a small subset of het-siRNAs. The accumulation of AGO4-dependent het-siRNAs also requires several factors known to participate in the effector portion of the RdDM pathway, including RNA POLYMERASE V (POL V), DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DRM2) and SAWADEE HOMEODOMAIN HOMOLOGUE 1 (SHH1). Like many AGO proteins, AGO4 is an endonuclease that can 'slice' RNAs. We found that a slicing-defective AGO4 was unable to fully recover AGO4-dependent het-siRNA accumulation from ago4 mutant plants. Collectively, our data suggest that AGO4-dependent siRNAs are secondary siRNAs dependent on the prior activity of the RdDM pathway at certain loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Intercollege Plant Biology Ph.D. Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael J Axtell
- Intercollege Plant Biology Ph.D. Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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31
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Seta A, Tabara M, Nishibori Y, Hiraguri A, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Yokoyama T, Hara S, Yoshida K, Hisabori T, Fukudome A, Koiwa H, Moriyama H, Takahashi N, Fukuhara T. Post-Translational Regulation of the Dicing Activities of Arabidopsis DICER-LIKE 3 and 4 by Inorganic Phosphate and the Redox State. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:485-495. [PMID: 28069892 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) generated by two Dicer isoforms, DCL3 and DCL4, function in distinct epigenetic processes, i.e. RNA-directed DNA methylation and post-transcriptional gene silencing, respectively. Plants often respond to their environment by producing a distinct set of small RNAs; however, the mechanism for controlling the production of different siRNAs from the same dsRNA substrate remains unclear. We established a simple biochemical method to visualize the dsRNA-cleaving activities of DCL3 and DCL4 in cell-free extracts prepared from Arabidopsis seedlings. Here, we demonstrate that different nutrient statuses of a host plant affect the post-translational regulation of the dicing activity of DCL3 and DCL4. Phosphate deficiency inhibited DCL3, and the activity of DCL3 was directly activated by inorganic phosphate. Sulfur deficiency inhibited DCL4 but not DCL3, and the activity of DCL4 was recovered by supplementation of the cell-free extracts with reductants containing a thiol group. Immunopurified DCL4 was activated by recombinant Arabidopsis thioredoxin-h1 with dithiothreitol. Therefore, DCL4 is subject to redox regulation. These results demonstrate that post-translational regulation of DCL activities fine-tunes the balance between branches of the gene silencing pathway according to the growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Seta
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tabara
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishibori
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hiraguri
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Biological Production Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Biological Production Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihito Fukudome
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Afzal TA, Luong LA, Chen D, Zhang C, Yang F, Chen Q, An W, Wilkes E, Yashiro K, Cutillas PR, Zhang L, Xiao Q. NCK Associated Protein 1 Modulated by miRNA-214 Determines Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Neointima Hyperplasia. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e004629. [PMID: 27927633 PMCID: PMC5210428 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA miR-214 has been implicated in many biological cellular functions, but the impact of miR-214 and its target genes on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and neointima smooth muscle cell hyperplasia is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of miR-214 was closely regulated by different pathogenic stimuli in VSMCs through a transcriptional mechanism and decreased in response to vascular injury. Overexpression of miR-214 in serum-starved VSMCs significantly decreased VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas knockdown of miR-214 dramatically increased VSMC proliferation and migration. Gene and protein biochemical assays, including proteomic analyses, showed that NCK associated protein 1 (NCKAP1)-a major component of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation and cell motility-was negatively regulated by miR-214 in VSMCs. Luciferase assays showed that miR-214 substantially repressed wild-type but not the miR-214 binding site mutated version of NCKAP1 3' untranslated region luciferase activity in VSMCs. This result confirmed that NCKAP1 is the functional target of miR-214 in VSMCs. NCKAP1 knockdown in VSMCs recapitulates the inhibitory effects of miR-214 overexpression on actin polymerization, cell migration, and proliferation. Data from cotransfection experiments also revealed that inhibition of NCKAP1 is required for miR-214-mediated lamellipodia formation, cell motility, and growth. Importantly, locally enforced expression of miR-214 in the injured vessels significantly reduced NCKAP1 expression levels, inhibited VSMC proliferation, and prevented neointima smooth muscle cell hyperplasia after injury. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered an important role of miR-214 and its target gene NCKAP1 in modulating VSMC functions and neointima hyperplasia. Our findings suggest that miR-214 represents a potential therapeutic target for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Adeel Afzal
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Le Anh Luong
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Wilkes
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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Fei Q, Yang L, Liang W, Zhang D, Meyers BC. Dynamic changes of small RNAs in rice spikelet development reveal specialized reproductive phasiRNA pathways. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:6037-6049. [PMID: 27702997 PMCID: PMC5100018 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissection of the genetic pathways and mechanisms by which anther development occurs in grasses is crucial for both a basic understanding of plant development and for examining traits of agronomic importance such as male sterility. In rice, MULTIPLE SPOROCYTES1 (MSP1), a leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinase, plays an important role in anther development by limiting the number of sporocytes. OsTDL1a (a TPD1-like gene in rice) encodes a small protein that acts as a cofactor of MSP1 in the same regulatory pathway. In this study, we analyzed small RNA and mRNA changes in different stages of spikelets from wild-type rice, and from msp1 and ostdl1a mutants. Analysis of the small RNA data identified miRNAs demonstrating differential abundances. miR2275 was depleted in the two rice mutants; this miRNA is specifically enriched in anthers and functions to trigger the production of 24-nt phased secondary siRNAs (phasiRNAs) from PHAS loci. We observed that the 24-nt phasiRNAs as well as their precursor PHAS mRNAs were also depleted in the two mutants. An analysis of co-expression identified three Argonaute-encoding genes (OsAGO1d, OsAGO2b, and OsAGO18) that accumulate transcripts coordinately with phasiRNAs, suggesting a functional relationship. By mRNA in situ analysis, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the spatiotemporal pattern of these OsAGO transcripts and phasiRNA accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Fei
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- University of Missouri - Columbia, Division of Plant Sciences, 52 Agriculture Lab, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15(INK4b) is thought to be an important player in regulating astrocytic cell cycle. However, little is known with regard to the expression of p15(INK4b) and its function in hippocampal astrocytes. This study evaluated the expression of p15(INK4b) and its function during different development stages in hippocampal astrocytes. METHODS In this study, we cultured hippocampal astrocytes from neonatal adult and aged rats. The expression of p15(INK4b) in neonatal, adult and aged astrocytes was examined. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) was then used to study the functional effects of p15(INK4b) down-regulation during cell cycle regulation. RESULTS We found the expression of p15(INK4b) in hippocampal astrocytes was detectable on postnatal day 7, was expressed at moderate levels in adult mice (9 months old) astrocytes and peaked in aged rat (24 months old) astrocytes. Incubation with siRNA significantly suppressed p15(INK4b) expression at the mRNA and protein levels in astrocytes. Down-regulation of p15(INK4b) increased [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA and allowed cells to pass the G0/G1-S checkpoint in aged but not in neonatal or adult astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest p15(INK4b) is expressed at a steady level in neonatal and adult rat hippocampal astrocytes with no effect on cell cycle regulation. Importantly, aged astrocyte cell cycle regulation was significantly affected by high expression levels of p15(INK4b) suggesting a role for p15(INK4b) in cell cycle regulation when it is expressed at high but not moderate or low levels in hippocampal astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, 26 Shengli Street, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Linhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, 26 Shengli Street, Wuhan, 430014, China
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Chaloner T, van Kan JAL, Grant-Downton RT. RNA 'Information Warfare' in Pathogenic and Mutualistic Interactions. Trends Plant Sci 2016; 21:738-748. [PMID: 27318950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory non-coding RNAs are emerging as key players in host-pathogen interactions. Small RNAs such as microRNAs are implicated in regulating plant transcripts involved in immunity and defence. Surprisingly, RNAs with silencing properties can be translocated from plant hosts to various invading pathogens and pests. Small RNAs are now confirmed virulence factors, with the first report of fungal RNAs that travel to host cells and hijack post-transcriptional regulatory machinery to suppress host defence. Here, we argue that trans-organism movement of RNAs represents a common mechanism of control in diverse interactions between plants and other eukaryotes. We suggest that extracellular vesicles are the key to such RNA movement events. Plant pathosystems serve as excellent experimental models to dissect RNA 'information warfare' and other RNA-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chaloner
- The Queen's College, University of Oxford, High Street, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan A L van Kan
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Zhang L, Han XD. [Biogenesis and functions of piRNAs in the reproductive system of male mice]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2016; 22:746-750. [PMID: 29020737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs of 24-32 nucleotides (nt) in length, which were first found in 2006. The piRNAs in germ cells interact with reproduction-specific PIWI proteins and play an important role in the development of the reproductive system. In the reproductive system of the male mouse, piRNAs arise from long single stranded precursor transcripts expressed in discrete genomic regions. The productions of piRNAs are termed primary piRNA biogenesis and secondary piRNA biogenesis. Mature piRNAs can silence the genome instability threat posed by mobile genetic elements called transposons. Furthermore, piRNAs regulate the expression of mRNAs transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally in spermiogenesis. This review summarizes the biogenesis and key functions of piRNAs in the reproductive system of male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Reproduction Biology / State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - xiao-dong Han
- Laboratory of Immunology and Reproduction Biology / State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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Abstract
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are as effective at targeting and silencing genes by RNA interference (RNAi) as long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). siRNAs are widely used for assessing gene function in cultured mammalian cells or early developing vertebrate embryos. siRNAs are also promising reagents for developing gene-specific therapeutics. Specifically, the inhibition of HIV-1 replication is particularly well-suited to RNAi, as several stages of the viral life cycle and many viral and cellular genes can be targeted. The future success of this approach will depend on recent advances in siRNA-based silencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takaku
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences and High Technology Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan.
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38
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Dallaire A, Simard MJ. The implication of microRNAs and endo-siRNAs in animal germline and early development. Dev Biol 2016; 416:18-25. [PMID: 27287880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Germ cells provide maternal mRNAs that are stored in the oocyte, and later translated at a specific time of development. In this context, gene regulation depends mainly on post-transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to keep maternal transcripts in a stable and translationally silent state. In recent years, small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. microRNAs control the translation efficiency and/or stability of targeted mRNAs. microRNAs are present in animal germ cells and maternally inherited microRNAs are abundant in early embryos. However, it is not known how microRNAs control the stability and translation of maternal transcripts. In this review, we will discuss the implication of germline microRNAs in regulating animal oogenesis and early embryogenesis as well as compare their roles with endo-siRNAs, small RNA species that share key molecular components with the microRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dallaire
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1R 2J6; Laval University Cancer Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Martin J Simard
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1R 2J6; Laval University Cancer Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1R 2J6.
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Shen Z, Deng H, Ye D, Zhang J, Qiu S, Li Q, Cui X. [Effect of DJ-1 silencing by RNA interference on growth of xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells in nude mice]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 45:349-355. [PMID: 27868407 PMCID: PMC10396977 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of silencing DJ-1 on xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells in nude mice. Methods: Xenograft model of human LSCC was established by subcutaneous transplantation of Hep-2 cells in 24 nude mice. The LSCC-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 in each):DJ-1 siRNA low dose group and DJ-1 siRNA high dose group were injected in tumors with 20 μg of DJ-1 siRNA or 40 μg of DJ-1 siRNA in 50 μL, respectively; control group was injected with 5% glucose solution in 50 μL, twice a week for 3 weeks. The weight and size of tumors were measured before injection. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after the final treatment, and the tumors were harvested and weighed. The apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells were determined; the expressions of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in tumor specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. The expression of DJ-1, PTEN, survivin mRNA and protein in tumor tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Tumor weight in low dose group[(0.66±0.15)g] and high dose group[(0.48±0.11)g] were significantly lower than that in control group[(0.83±0.16)g, all P<0.05]. The inhibition rates of low dose group and high dose group were (20.48±0.18)% and (42.16±0.13)%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Caspase-3 was increased and Ki-67 was reduced in tumor specimens, compared with the control group (all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that in low dose group and high dose group the mRNA and protein expression of DJ-1 and survivin significantly decreased (all P<0.05), while PTEN mRNA and protein content increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: High dose DJ-1 siRNA can inhibit the tumor growth in human LSCC xenograft nude mouse model, which indicates that down-regulating DJ-1 and survivin, and up-regulating PTEN expression may lead to blockage of PI3K-PKB/Akt signaling pathway and promoting tumor cell apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Caspase 3/analysis
- Caspase 3/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/chemistry
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Heterografts/drug effects
- Heterografts/physiology
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/analysis
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/drug effects
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/drug effects
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Mice, Nude
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Deglycase DJ-1/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- RNA Interference/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Shijie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315040, China
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Zeng XX, Chu TJ, Yuan JY, Zhang W, Du YM, Ban ZY, Lei DM, Cao J, Zhang Z. Transmembrane 7 superfamily member 4 regulates cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:4353-4361. [PMID: 26636523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TM7SF4 (transmembrane 7 superfamily member 4) gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane protein that is primarily expressed in dendritic cells called as dendritic cell-specific expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). This protein regulates immunological functions, osteoclastogenesis and myeloid differentiation. Although the roles of TM7SF4 have been currently studied on Paget's disease of bone and papillary thyroid cancers, it is unclear whether TM7SF4 plays a role in breast cancer. In current study, we investigated the expression of TM7SF4 in human breast cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, five breast cancer lines were cultured. Small hairpin RNA against TM7SF4 using a lentiviral vector was generated and transfected into MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Effects of down-regulating TM7SF4 in transfected cells were examined by Western blot, RT-PCR, apoptotic rate, colony formation, and cell cycle analyses. RESULTS The results demonstrated that down-regulation of TM7SF4 led to a decrease in colony formation in MCF-7 cells compared to the control group. This is likely due to a decrease in proliferation and cell cycle and an increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, our data demonstrate for the first time that TM7SF4 plays an essential role in regulating cell cycle progression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People Republic of China.
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Parrish NF, Fujino K, Shiromoto Y, Iwasaki YW, Ha H, Xing J, Makino A, Kuramochi-Miyagawa S, Nakano T, Siomi H, Honda T, Tomonaga K. piRNAs derived from ancient viral processed pseudogenes as transgenerational sequence-specific immune memory in mammals. RNA 2015; 21:1691-1703. [PMID: 26283688 PMCID: PMC4574747 DOI: 10.1261/rna.052092.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs) are sequences within vertebrate genomes derived from reverse transcription and integration of ancient bornaviral nucleoprotein mRNA via the host retrotransposon machinery. While species with EBLNs appear relatively resistant to bornaviral disease, the nature of this association is unclear. We hypothesized that EBLNs could give rise to antiviral interfering RNA in the form of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a class of small RNA known to silence transposons but not exogenous viruses. We found that in both rodents and primates, which acquired their EBLNs independently some 25-40 million years ago, EBLNs are present within piRNA-generating regions of the genome far more often than expected by chance alone (ℙ = 8 × 10(-3)-6 × 10(-8)). Three of the seven human EBLNs fall within annotated piRNA clusters and two marmoset EBLNs give rise to bona fide piRNAs. In both rats and mice, at least two of the five EBLNs give rise to abundant piRNAs in the male gonad. While no EBLNs are syntenic between rodent and primate, some of the piRNA clusters containing EBLNs are; thus we deduce that EBLNs were integrated into existing piRNA clusters. All true piRNAs derived from EBLNs are antisense relative to the proposed ancient bornaviral nucleoprotein mRNA. These observations are consistent with a role for EBLN-derived piRNA-like RNAs in interfering with ancient bornaviral infection. They raise the hypothesis that retrotransposon-dependent virus-to-host gene flow could engender RNA-mediated, sequence-specific antiviral immune memory in metazoans analogous to the CRISPR/Cas system in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Parrish
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kan Fujino
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiromoto
- Department of Pathology, Medical School and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka W Iwasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hongseok Ha
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Akiko Makino
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Center for Emerging Virus Research, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Medical School and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Siomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Baulcombe DC. VIGS, HIGS and FIGS: small RNA silencing in the interactions of viruses or filamentous organisms with their plant hosts. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2015; 26:141-6. [PMID: 26247121 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates two-way traffic of silencing RNA between filamentous organisms and their plant hosts. There are also indications that suppressors of RNA silencing are transferred from filamentous organisms into host plant cells where they influence the innate immune system. Here I use virus disease as a template for interpretation of RNA silencing in connection with filamentous organisms and infected plant cells. I propose that host plant interactions of these organisms are influenced by RNA silencing networks in which there are: small interfering RNAs from the host that are transported into the filamentous organism and vice versa; silencing suppressors from the organism that are transported into the host; endogenous small interfering RNAs and micro RNAs that target components of the innate immune system or endogenous suppressors of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Baulcombe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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43
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Wang C, Wu X, Shen F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yu D. Shlnc-EC6 regulates murine erythroid enucleation by Rac1-PIP5K pathway. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:466-473. [PMID: 26098172 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotide noncoding RNAs without apparent functional coding capacity that function as regulators of cell growth and development. In recent years, increasing evidence implicates the involvement of LncRNAs in erythropoiesis. shlnc-EC6 is a LncRNA associated with erythroid differentiation but the mechanism remains undefined. In this study, we found that knockdown of shlnc-EC6 in purified mouse fetal liver erythroid progenitor and hematopoietic stem cells (FLEPHSCs) significantly blocked erythroid enucleation. We also showed that Rac1 was negatively regulated by shlnc-EC6 at the posttranscriptional level via specific binding to sites within the 3'UTR of Rac1 mRNA. Moreover, we found that knockdown of shlnc-EC6 led to upregulation of Rac1, followed by the activation of the downstream protein PIP5K, and subsequently resulted in the inhibition of enucleation in cultured mouse fetal erythroblasts. Thus, our findings suggest that shlnc-EC6 acts as a novel modulator to regulate mouse erythropoiesis via Rac1/PIP5K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Wang
- Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Yangzhou University Affiliated Jingjiang Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China
| | - Feiyang Shen
- Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Department of Pathology, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Department of Physiology, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Disease, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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44
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Zotti MJ, Smagghe G. RNAi Technology for Insect Management and Protection of Beneficial Insects from Diseases: Lessons, Challenges and Risk Assessments. Neotrop Entomol 2015; 44:197-213. [PMID: 26013264 DOI: 10.1007/s137440150291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The time has passed for us to wonder whether RNA interference (RNAi) effectively controls pest insects or protects beneficial insects from diseases. The RNAi era in insect science began with studies of gene function and genetics that paved the way for the development of novel and highly specific approaches for the management of pest insects and, more recently, for the treatment and prevention of diseases in beneficial insects. The slight differences in components of RNAi pathways are sufficient to provide a high degree of variation in responsiveness among insects. The current framework to assess the negative effects of genetically modified (GM) plants on human health is adequate for RNAi-based GM plants. Because of the mode of action of RNAi and the lack of genomic data for most exposed non-target organisms, it becomes difficult to determine the environmental risks posed by RNAi-based technologies and the benefits provided for the protection of crops. A better understanding of the mechanisms that determine the variability in the sensitivity of insects would accelerate the worldwide release of commercial RNAi-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zotti
- Dept of Crop Protection, Molecular Entomology, Federal Univ of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil,
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45
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Brosseau C, Moffett P. Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE5 in Antiviral RNA Silencing. Plant Cell 2015; 27:1742-54. [PMID: 26023161 PMCID: PMC4498209 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing functions as an antiviral defense through the action of DICER-like (DCL) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. In turn, plant viruses have evolved strategies to counteract this defense mechanism, including the expression of suppressors of RNA silencing. Potato virus X (PVX) does not systemically infect Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0, but is able to do so effectively in mutants lacking at least two of the four Arabidopsis DCL proteins. PVX can also infect Arabidopsis ago2 mutants, albeit less effectively than double DCL mutants, suggesting that additional AGO proteins may mediate anti-viral defenses. Here we show, using functional assays, that all Arabidopsis AGO proteins have the potential to target PVX lacking its viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), P25, but that only AGO2 and AGO5 are able to target wild-type PVX. However, P25 directly affects only a small subset of AGO proteins, and we present evidence indicating that its protective effect is mediated by precluding AGO proteins from accessing viral RNA, as well as by directly inhibiting the RNA silencing machinery. In agreement with functional assays, we show that Potexvirus infection induces AGO5 expression and that both AGO2 and AGO5 are required for full restriction of PVX infection in systemic tissues of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Brosseau
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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Zotti MJ, Smagghe G. RNAi Technology for Insect Management and Protection of Beneficial Insects from Diseases: Lessons, Challenges and Risk Assessments. Neotrop Entomol 2015; 44:197-213. [PMID: 26013264 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The time has passed for us to wonder whether RNA interference (RNAi) effectively controls pest insects or protects beneficial insects from diseases. The RNAi era in insect science began with studies of gene function and genetics that paved the way for the development of novel and highly specific approaches for the management of pest insects and, more recently, for the treatment and prevention of diseases in beneficial insects. The slight differences in components of RNAi pathways are sufficient to provide a high degree of variation in responsiveness among insects. The current framework to assess the negative effects of genetically modified (GM) plants on human health is adequate for RNAi-based GM plants. Because of the mode of action of RNAi and the lack of genomic data for most exposed non-target organisms, it becomes difficult to determine the environmental risks posed by RNAi-based technologies and the benefits provided for the protection of crops. A better understanding of the mechanisms that determine the variability in the sensitivity of insects would accelerate the worldwide release of commercial RNAi-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zotti
- Dept of Crop Protection, Molecular Entomology, Federal Univ of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil,
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47
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Song H, Zhu Q, Wu Q, Song S, Sun H, Zhou X, Liu H. [The mediation of HIF-1α siRNA to the leukocyte adhesion and myeloid cell's activity in rat's retina under early stage of diabetic retinopathy]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 51:351-355. [PMID: 26311695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mediation of HIF-1α siRNA to the leukocyte adhesion and myeloid cell's activity in rat's retina at early stage of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Experimental study. HIF-1α specific siRNA expression vector pSUPERH1-siHIF1α was constructed by gene recombination. The rat diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After 2 months of diabetes induction, 27 diabetic rats were randomly chosen and assigned to 3 groups, including diabetes and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vitreous injection group (group B), diabetes and pSUPERH1-siHIF1α vitreous transfect group (group C) and diabetes and pSUPER-retro vitreous transfect group (group D). Each group had 9 rats. Nine age matched health rats were chosen as control group (group A). Retinal leukostasis was quantified with acridine orange leukocyte fluorography. Retinal myeloid cell activity was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO). The differences of the mean values among the four groups were analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance. The multiple comparisons of the mean values among the four groups were analyzed by LSD-t analysis. RESULTS According to the results of the acridine orange leukocyte fluorography, the numbers of leukocyte adhesion in the four groups were (47.00 ± 3.60), (155.33 ± 9.01), (76.00 ± 9.05), (142.66 ± 10.26), respectively. The differences among them were significant (F = 116.25, P = 0.00). The number of leukocyte adhesion in the group C was significantly lower than that in group B (LSD-t test, P = 0.00, 95% CI: 3.56-95.10). The levels of retinal MPO in the four groups were (17.24 ± 1.13), (31.32 ± 2.53), (21.35 ± 1.06), (31.33 ± 1.26) µg/L, respectively. The differences among them were significant (F = 58.68, P = 0.00). The level of retinal MPO in the group C was significantly lower than that in group B (LSD-t test, P = 0.00, 95% CI: 6.92-13.01). CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α siRNA may play a role in the mediation of the leukocyte adhesion and myeloid cell's activity in rat's retina at early stage of diabetic retinopathy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huping Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xian No.4 Hospital, Xi'an 710004, China;
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Rosenkranz D, Rudloff S, Bastuck K, Ketting RF, Zischler H. Tupaia small RNAs provide insights into function and evolution of RNAi-based transposon defense in mammals. RNA 2015; 21:911-22. [PMID: 25802409 PMCID: PMC4408798 DOI: 10.1261/rna.048603.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Argonaute proteins comprising Piwi-like and Argonaute-like proteins and their guiding small RNAs combat mobile DNA on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. While Piwi-like proteins and associated piRNAs are generally restricted to the germline, Argonaute-like proteins and siRNAs have been linked with transposon control in the germline as well as in the soma. Intriguingly, evolution has realized distinct Argonaute subfunctionalization patterns in different species but our knowledge about mammalian RNA interference pathways relies mainly on findings from the mouse model. However, mice differ from other mammals by absence of functional Piwil3 and expression of an oocyte-specific Dicer isoform. Thus, studies beyond the mouse model are required for a thorough understanding of function and evolution of mammalian RNA interference pathways. We high-throughput sequenced small RNAs from the male Tupaia belangeri germline, which represents a close outgroup to primates, hence phylogenetically links mice with humans. We identified transposon-derived piRNAs as well as siRNAs clearly contrasting the separation of piRNA- and siRNA-pathways into male and female germline as seen in mice. Genome-wide analysis of tree shrew transposons reveal that putative siRNAs map to transposon sites that form foldback secondary structures thus representing suitable Dicer substrates. In contrast piRNAs target transposon sites that remain accessible. With this we provide a basic mechanistic explanation how secondary structure of transposon transcripts influences piRNA- and siRNA-pathway utilization. Finally, our analyses of tree shrew piRNA clusters indicate A-Myb and the testis-expressed transcription factor RFX4 to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of mammalian piRNA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenkranz
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz 55128, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rudloff
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz 55128, Germany
| | - Katharina Bastuck
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz 55128, Germany
| | - René F Ketting
- Institute of Molecular Biology, IMB. Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz 55128, Germany
| | - Hans Zischler
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz 55128, Germany
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49
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Jian L, Zhihong W, Liuxing W, Qingxia F. [Role of S100A4 in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its molecular mechanism]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2015; 37:258-265. [PMID: 26462889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of S100A4 in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS Three chemically synthesized S100A4 siRNA sequences were transiently transfected into esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells. EC9706 cells transfected with negative siRNA, lipofectamine 2000, and vacant EC9706 cells were used as control. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the inhibition rate of S100A4 siRNA. S100A4 siRNA2 with the best inhibition rate was chosen to transiently transfect into EC9706 cells under the same conditions. The EC9706 cells transfected with negative siRNA, lipofectamine 2000 and vacant EC9706 cells were also used as control. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and snail. The morphology of EC9706 cells was observed under an inverted microscope. Boyden chamber and scratch test were used to detect the invasion and migration ability of EC9706 cells, and CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of EC9706 cells. EC9706 cells transfected with S100A4 siRNA2 were further transfected with snail eukaryotic expression vector. The EC9706 cells transfected with S100A4 siRNA, EC9706 cells transfected with snail eukaryotic expression vector and vacant EC9706 cells were used as control. The above indexes of all the groups were observed, too. RESULTS The S100A4 mRNA and protein expression levels of the S100A4 siRNA2 group were 0.417 ± 0.041 and 0.337 ± 0.039, the transmembrane cell number was 61.608 ± 8.937, the scratch healing distance was (0.216 ± 0.064) mm, the A value was 0.623 ± 0.084, the E-cadherin mRNA and protein levels were 0.619 ± 0.032 and 0.495 ± 0.034, the vimentin mRNA and protein levels were 0.514 ± 0.032 and 0.427 ± 0.028, the snail mRNA and protein levels were 0.573 ± 0.029 and 0.429 ± 0.041. These data were significantly different with the liposome group, the negative control group and the blank group (P < 0.05 for all). After the S100A4 siRNA2 treatment for 24 h, the appearance of EC9706 cells changed to epithelial cell morphology. The transmembrane cell number and the scratch healing distance of the S100A4 siRNA2+snail eukaryotic expression vector group were (69.382 ± 9.666) cells and (0.274 ± 0.029) mm, the A value was 0.823 ± 0.101, the snail mRNA and protein levels were 0.704 ± 0.037 and 0.625 ± 0.031, the vimentin mRNA and protein levels were 0.712 ± 0.046 and 0.609 ± 0.038, and these data were significantly higher than those of the Sl00A4 siRNA2 group (P < 0.05 for all). The E-cadherin mRNA and protein levels of the S100A4 siRNA2+eukaryotic expression vector group were 0.437 ± 0.038 and 0.381 ± 0.031, significantly lower than those of the S100A4 siRNA2 group (P < 0.05 for all). However, snail had no effect on the morphology of EC9706 cells. CONCLUSIONS S100A4 may be involved in the EMT process of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of snail and then plays a role in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.
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50
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Simmons MJ, Peterson MP, Thorp MW, Buschette JT, DiPrima SN, Harter CL, Skolnick MJ. piRNA-mediated transposon regulation and the germ-line mutation rate in Drosophila melanogaster males. Mutat Res 2015; 773:16-21. [PMID: 25769182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transposons, especially retrotransposons, are abundant in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. These mobile elements are regulated by small RNAs that interact with the Piwi family of proteins-the piwi-interacting or piRNAs. The Piwi proteins are encoded by the genes argonaute3 (ago3), aubergine (aub), and piwi. Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1), a chromatin-organizing protein encoded by the Suppressor of variegation 205 [Su(var)205] gene, also plays a role in this regulation. To assess the mutational impact of weakening the system for transposon regulation, we measured the frequency of recessive X-linked lethal mutations occurring in the germ lines of males from stocks that were heterozygous for mutant alleles of the ago3, aub, piwi, or Su(var)205 genes. These mutant alleles are expected to deplete the wild-type proteins encoded by these genes by as much as 50%. The mutant alleles of piwi and Su(var)205 significantly increased the X-linked lethal mutation frequency, whereas the mutant alleles of ago3 did not. An increased mutation frequency was also observed in males from one of two mutant aub stocks, but this increase may not have been due to the aub mutant. The increased mutation frequency caused by depleting Piwi or HP1suggests that chromatin-organizing proteins play important roles in minimizing the germ-line mutation rate, possibly by stabilizing the structure of the heterochromatin in which many transposons are situated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Simmons
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA.
| | - Mark P Peterson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Michael W Thorp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Jared T Buschette
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Stephanie N DiPrima
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Christine L Harter
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Matthew J Skolnick
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
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