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Mesic A, Decroo T, Florence E, Ritmeijer K, van Olmen J, Lynen L. Systematic review on cumulative HIV viraemia among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral treatment and its association with mortality and morbidity. Int Health 2024; 16:261-278. [PMID: 37823452 PMCID: PMC11062202 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review to generate evidence on the association between cumulative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viraemia and health outcomes. METHODS Quantitative studies reporting on HIV cumulative viraemia (CV) and its association with health outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were included. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science and conference abstracts from 1 January 2008 to 1 August 2022. RESULTS The systematic review included 26 studies. The association between CV and mortality depended on the study population, methods used to calculate CV and its level. Higher CV was not consistently associated with greater risk of acquire immunodeficiency syndrome-defining clinical conditions. However, four studies present a strong relationship between CV and cardiovascular disease. The risk was not confirmed in relation of increased hazards of stroke. Studies that assessed the effect of CV on the risk of cancer reported a positive association between CV and malignancy, although the effect may differ for different types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS CV is associated with adverse health outcomes in PLHIV on ART, especially at higher levels. However, its role in clinical and programmatic monitoring and management of PLHIV on ART is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mesic
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Public Health Department, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Family Medicine and Population Health, Doornstraat 331, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Decroo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Eric Florence
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Koert Ritmeijer
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Public Health Department, Plantage Middenlaan 14, 1018DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josefien van Olmen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Family Medicine and Population Health, Doornstraat 331, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Plümers R, Dreier J, Knabbe C, Steinmann E, Todt D, Vollmer T. Kinetics of Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Asymptomatic Persons. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:934-940. [PMID: 38666600 PMCID: PMC11060471 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the kinetics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in asymptomatic persons and to evaluate viral load doubling time and half-life, we retrospectively tested samples retained from 32 HEV RNA-positive asymptomatic blood donors in Germany. Close-meshed monitoring of viral load and seroconversion in intervals of ≈4 days provided more information about the kinetics of asymptomatic HEV infections. We determined that a typical median infection began with PCR-detectable viremia at 36 days and a maximum viral load of 2.0 × 104 IU/mL. Viremia doubled in 2.4 days and had a half-life of 1.6 days. HEV IgM started to rise on about day 33 and peaked on day 36; IgG started to rise on about day 32 and peaked on day 53. Although HEV IgG titers remained stable, IgM titers became undetectable in 40% of donors. Knowledge of the dynamics of HEV viremia is useful for assessing the risk for transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E.
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Waickman AT, Newell K, Lu JQ, Fang H, Waldran M, Gebo C, Currier JR, Friberg H, Jarman RG, Klick MD, Ware LA, Endy TP, Thomas SJ. Low-dose dengue virus 3 human challenge model: a phase 1 open-label study. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1356-1367. [PMID: 38561497 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Dengue human infection models present an opportunity to explore the potential of a vaccine, anti-viral or immuno-compound for clinical benefit in a controlled setting. Here we report the outcome of a phase 1 open-label assessment of a low-dose dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) challenge model (NCT04298138), in which nine participants received a subcutaneous inoculation with 0.5 ml of a 1.4 × 103 plaque-forming unit per ml suspension of the attenuated DENV-3 strain CH53489. The primary and secondary endpoints of the study were to assess the safety of this DENV-3 strain in healthy flavivirus-seronegative individuals. All participants developed RNAaemia within 7 days after inoculation with peak titre ranging from 3.13 × 104 to 7.02 × 108 genome equivalents per ml. Solicited symptoms such as fever and rash, clinical laboratory abnormalities such as lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia, and self-reported symptoms such as myalgia were consistent with mild-to-moderate dengue in all volunteers. DENV-3-specific seroconversion and memory T cell responses were observed within 14 days after inoculation as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and interferon-gamma-based enzyme-linked immunospot. RNA sequencing and serum cytokine analysis revealed anti-viral responses that overlapped with the period of viraemia. The magnitude and frequency of clinical and immunologic endpoints correlated with an individual's peak viral titre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Krista Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Q Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - HengSheng Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell Waldran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Chad Gebo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Heather Friberg
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle D Klick
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A Ware
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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4
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Pinto AI, Caldas C, Santarém N, Luelmo S, Costa I, Martins C, Monteiro R, Conde S, Tavares R, da Silva AC. Leishmania and HIV co-infection: first naturally Leishmania strain presenting decreased susceptibility to miltefosine, recovered from a patient in Portugal. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:810-818. [PMID: 38522155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, up to 70% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases occurring in adults living with HIV. People living with HIV with VL co-infection often display persistent parasitemia, requiring chronic intermittent anti-Leishmania therapies. Consequently, frequent VL relapses and higher mortality rates are common in these individuals. As such, it is of paramount importance to understand the reasons for parasite persistence to improve infection management. METHODS To outline possible causes for treatment failure in the context of HIV-VL, we followed a person living with HIV-VL co-infection for nine years in a 12-month period. We characterized: HIV-related clinicopathological alterations (CD4+ T counts and viremia) and Leishmania-specific seroreactivity, parasitemia, quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation and studied a Leishmania clinical isolate recovered during this period. RESULTS The subject presented controlled viremia and low CD4+ counts. The subject remained PCR positive for Leishmania and also seropositive. The cellular response to parasite antigens was erratic. The isolate was identified as the first Leishmania infantum case with evidence of decreased miltefosine susceptibility in Portugal. CONCLUSION Treatment failure is a multifactorial process driven by host and parasite determinants. Still, the real-time determination of drug susceptibility profiles in clinical isolates is an unexplored resource in the monitoring of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Pinto
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Caldas
- Infectious Disease Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Sara Luelmo
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Inês Costa
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal; Microbiology Department, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Monteiro
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal; Microbiology Department, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Conde
- Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal; Microbiology Department, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
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Barrett-Chan E, Wang L, Bone J, Thachil A, Vytlingam K, Blydt-Hansen T. Optimizing the approach to monitoring allograft inflammation using serial urinary CXCL10/creatinine testing in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14718. [PMID: 38553815 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary CXCL10/creatinine (uCXCL10/Cr) is proposed as an effective biomarker of subclinical rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. This study objective was to model implementation in the clinical setting. METHODS Banked urine samples at a single center were tested for uCXCL10/Cr to validate published thresholds for rejection diagnosis (>80% specificity). The positive predictive value (PPV) for rejection diagnosis for uCXCL10/Cr-indicated biopsy was modeled with first-positive versus two-test-positive approaches, with accounting for changes associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), BK and CMV viremia, and subsequent recovery. RESULTS Seventy patients aged 10.5 ± 5.6 years at transplant (60% male) had n = 726 urine samples with n = 236 associated biopsies (no rejection = 167, borderline = 51, and Banff 1A = 18). A threshold of 12 ng/mmol was validated for Banff 1A versus no-rejection diagnosis (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57-0.92). The first-positive test approach (n = 69) did not resolve a clinical diagnosis in 38 cases (55%), whereas the two-test approach resolved a clinical diagnosis in the majority as BK (n = 17/60, 28%), CMV (n = 4/60, 7%), UTI (n = 8/60, 13%), clinical rejection (n = 5/60, 8%), and transient elevation (n = 18, 30%). In those without a resolved clinical diagnosis, PPV from biopsy for subclinical rejection is 24% and 71% (p = .017), for first-test versus two-test models, respectively. After rejection treatment, uCXCL10/Cr level changes were all concordant with change in it-score. Sustained uCXCL10/Cr after CMV and BK viremia resolution was associated with later acute rejection. CONCLUSIONS Urinary CXCL10/Cr reliably identifies kidney allograft inflammation. These data support a two-test approach to reliably exclude other clinically identifiable sources of inflammation, for kidney biopsy indication to rule out subclinical rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bone
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Thachil
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Vytlingam
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom Blydt-Hansen
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Chandraker A, Regmi A, Gohh R, Sharma A, Woodle ES, Ansari MJ, Nair V, Chen LX, Alhamad T, Norman S, Cibrik D, Singh M, Alper A, Jain D, Zaky Z, Knechtle S, Sharfuddin A, Gupta G, Lonze BE, Young JAH, Adey D, Faravardeh A, Dadhania DM, Rossi AP, Florescu D, Cardarelli F, Ma J, Gilmore S, Vasileiou S, Jindra PT, Wojciechowski D. Posoleucel in Kidney Transplant Recipients with BK Viremia: Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:618-629. [PMID: 38470444 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Posoleucel was generally safe, well tolerated, and associated with a greater reduction of BK viremia compared with placebo.BK viremia reduction occurred coincident with an increase in the circulating frequency of BK virus–specific T cells in posoleucel recipients.The presence and persistence of posoleucel was confirmed by T-cell receptor variable β sequencing.
Background
Kidney transplant recipients with BK virus infection are at risk of developing BK virus–associated nephropathy, allograft rejection, and subsequent graft loss. There are no approved treatments for BK virus infection. Posoleucel is an off-the-shelf, allogeneic, multivirus-specific T-cell investigational therapy targeting BK virus, as well as five other opportunistic viruses: adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and John Cunningham virus.
Methods
In this phase 2, double-blind study, kidney transplant recipients with BK viremia were randomized 1:1:1 to receive posoleucel weekly for 3 weeks and then every 14 days (bi-weekly dosing) or every 28 days (monthly dosing) or placebo for 12 weeks. Participants were followed for 12 weeks after completing treatment. The primary objective was safety; the secondary objective was plasma BK viral load reduction.
Results
Sixty-one participants were randomized and dosed. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups. No deaths, graft-versus-host disease, or cytokine release syndrome occurred. The proportion of patients who had adverse events (AEs) judged by the investigators to be treatment-related was slightly lower in recipients of posoleucel: 20% (4 of 20 patients) and 18% (4 of 22) in those infused on a bi-weekly and monthly schedule, respectively, and 26% (5 of 19) in placebo recipients. None of the grade 3–4 AEs or serious AEs in any group were deemed treatment-related. No deaths, graft-versus-host disease, or cytokine release syndrome occurred. Three participants had allograft rejection, but none were deemed treatment-related by investigators. In posoleucel recipients, BK viremia reduction was associated with an increase in the circulating frequency of BK virus–specific T cells, and the presence and persistence of posoleucel was confirmed by T-cell receptor sequencing.
Conclusions
Posoleucel was generally safe, well tolerated, and associated with a larger reduction of BK viremia compared with placebo. Limitations of this study include the relatively short duration of follow-up and lack of power to detect significant differences in clinical outcomes.
Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Study of Posoleucel (Formerly Known as ALVR105; Viralym-M) in Kidney Transplant Patients With BK Viremia, NCT04605484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandraker
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anil Regmi
- Inova Transplant Center, Falls Church, Virginia
| | | | - Akhil Sharma
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Vinay Nair
- Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Ling-Xin Chen
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Tarek Alhamad
- Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Asif Sharfuddin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | - Deborah Adey
- University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Arman Faravardeh
- SHARP Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Center, San Diego, California
| | | | - Ana P Rossi
- Piedmont Transplant Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Julie Ma
- AlloVir, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Spyridoula Vasileiou
- AlloVir, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter T Jindra
- Immune Evaluation Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Evans C, Mutasa K, Rukobo S, Govha M, Mushayanembwa P, Chasekwa B, Majo FD, Tavengwa NV, Broad J, Noble C, Gough EK, Kelly P, Bourke CD, Humphrey JH, Ntozini R, Prendergast AJ. Inflammation and cytomegalovirus viremia during pregnancy drive sex-differentiated differences in mortality and immune development in HIV-exposed infants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2909. [PMID: 38632279 PMCID: PMC11024190 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected have increased infectious mortality compared to HIV-unexposed children, raising the possibility of immune abnormalities following exposure to maternal viraemia, immune dysfunction, and co-infections during pregnancy. In a secondary analysis of the SHINE trial in rural Zimbabwe we explored biological pathways underlying infant mortality, and maternal factors shaping immune development in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. Maternal inflammation and cytomegalovirus viraemia were independently associated with infant deaths: mortality doubled for each log10 rise in maternal C-reactive protein (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.09; 95% CI 1.33-3.27), and increased 1.6-fold for each log10 rise in maternal cytomegalovirus viral load (aHR 1.62; 95% CI 1.11-2.36). In girls, mortality was more strongly associated with maternal C-reactive protein than cytomegalovirus; in boys, mortality was more strongly associated with cytomegalovirus than C-reactive protein. At age one month, HIV-exposed uninfected infants had a distinct immune milieu, characterised by raised soluble CD14 and an altered CD8 + T-cell compartment. Alterations in immunophenotype and systemic inflammation were generally greater in boys than girls. Collectively, these findings show how the pregnancy immune environment in women with HIV underlies mortality and immune development in their offspring in a sex-differentiated manner, and highlights potential new intervention strategies to transform outcomes of HIV-exposed children. ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01824940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Evans
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Kuda Mutasa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Sandra Rukobo
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Margaret Govha
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Bernard Chasekwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Florence D Majo
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Naume V Tavengwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jonathan Broad
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christie Noble
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ethan K Gough
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Claire D Bourke
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jean H Humphrey
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Ntozini
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tuttle DJ, Castanha PMS, Nasser A, Wilkins MS, Galarza TG, Alaoui-El-Azher M, Cuff DE, Chhibbar P, Das J, Li Y, Barratt-Boyes SM, Mailliard RB, Sluis-Cremer N, Rinaldo CR, Marques ETA. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Induce Greater Complement Activation and Decreased Viremia and Nef Antibodies in Men With HIV-1. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1147-1157. [PMID: 38035792 PMCID: PMC11011180 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation in people with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (PWH) persists despite potent antiretroviral therapy and, consequently, PWH tend to have lower immune responses to licensed vaccines. However, limited information is available about the impact of mRNA vaccines in PWH. This study details the immunologic responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines in PWH and their impact on HIV-1. METHODS We quantified anti-S immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding and neutralization of 3 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and complement activation in blood from virally suppressed men with HIV-1 (MWH) and men without HIV-1 (MWOH), and the characteristics that may impact the vaccine immune responses. We also studied antibody levels against HIV-1 proteins and HIV-1 plasma RNA. RESULTS MWH had lower anti-S IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against the 3 variants compared to MWOH. MWH also produced anti-S1 antibodies with a 10-fold greater ability to activate complement and exhibited higher C3a blood levels than MWOH. MWH had decreased residual HIV-1 plasma viremia and anti-Nef IgG approximately 100 days after immunization. CONCLUSIONS MWH respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines with lower antibody titers and with greater activation of complement, while exhibiting a decrease in HIV-1 viremia and anti-Nef antibodies. These results suggest an important role of complement activation mediating protection in MWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Tuttle
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priscila M S Castanha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amro Nasser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maris S Wilkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tamara García Galarza
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mounia Alaoui-El-Azher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deirdre E Cuff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabal Chhibbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon M Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robbie B Mailliard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolas Sluis-Cremer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ernesto T A Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto Aggeu, Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ambagala A, Goonewardene K, Kanoa IE, Than TT, Nguyen VT, Lai TNH, Nguyen TL, Erdelyan CNG, Robert E, Tailor N, Onyilagha C, Lamboo L, Handel K, Nebroski M, Vernygora O, Lung O, Le VP. Characterization of an African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate from Vietnam with Deletions in the Left Variable Multigene Family Region. Viruses 2024; 16:571. [PMID: 38675912 PMCID: PMC11054794 DOI: 10.3390/v16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the characterization of a genetically modified live-attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) field strain isolated from Vietnam. The isolate, ASFV-GUS-Vietnam, belongs to p72 genotype II, has six multi-gene family (MGF) genes deleted, and an Escherichia coli GusA gene (GUS) inserted. When six 6-8-week-old pigs were inoculated with ASFV-GUS-Vietnam oro-nasally (2 × 105 TCID50/pig), they developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, and inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. One of the pigs developed severe clinical signs and was euthanized 12 days post-infection, while the remaining five pigs recovered. When ASFV-GUS-Vietnam was inoculated intramuscularly (2 × 103 TCID50/pig) into four 6-8 weeks old pigs, they also developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. Two contact pigs housed together with the four intramuscularly inoculated pigs, started to develop fever, viremia, loss of appetite, and lethargy 12 days post-contact, confirming horizontal transmission of ASFV-GUS-Vietnam. One of the contact pigs died of ASF on day 23 post-contact, while the other one recovered. The pigs that survived the exposure to ASFV-GUS-Vietnam via the mucosal or parenteral route were fully protected against the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 challenge. This study showed that ASFV-GUS-Vietnam field isolate is able to induce complete protection in the majority of the pigs against highly virulent homologous ASFV challenge, but has the potential for horizontal transmission, and can be fatal in some animals. This study highlights the need for proper monitoring and surveillance when ASFV live-attenuated virus-based vaccines are used in the field for ASF control in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Ian El Kanoa
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Thi Tam Than
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Erin Robert
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Oksana Vernygora
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
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Kiener M, Shayegh N, Nyathi SV, Ndenga BA, Mutuku FM, LaBeaud AD. Low Rate of Asymptomatic Dengue Infection Detected in Coastal Kenya Using Pooled Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:738-740. [PMID: 38471167 PMCID: PMC10993852 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections have important public health implications but are challenging to identify. We performed a cross-sectional study of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on pooled sera of asymptomatic individuals from the south coast of Kenya at two time periods to identify cases of asymptomatic viremia. Among 2,460 samples tested in pools of 9 or 10, we found only one positive case (0.04% incidence). Although pooling of samples has the potential to be a cost-effective and time-efficient method for asymptomatic DENV detection, mass cross-sectional pooled testing may not provide accurate data on rates of asymptomatic infection, likely owing to a decrease in the sensitivity with pooling of samples, a short period of viremia, or testing in the absence of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kiener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nader Shayegh
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sindiso Victor Nyathi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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11
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Fang HW, Tseng PL, Hu TH, Wang JH, Hung CH, Lu SN, Chen CH. Hepatitis B relapse after entecavir or tenofovir alafenamide cessation under anti-viral prophylaxis for cancer chemotherapy. Virol J 2024; 21:79. [PMID: 38570803 PMCID: PMC10993446 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has comparing hepatitis B virus (HBV) relapse rates among patients with both cancer and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who completed anti-viral prophylaxis for chemotherapy and then stopped taking entecavir or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). METHODS A total of 227 HBeAg-negative cancer patients without cirrhosis who previously took entecavir (n = 144) or TAF (n = 83) for antiviral prophylaxis were enrolled. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of virological and clinical relapse at 2 years was 37% and 10.4%, respectively, in the entecavir group, and 46.7% and 19.5%, respectively, in the TAF group. The multivariate analysis revealed that the use of hematologic malignancy, TAF use, and high-viremia group at baseline were independent risk factors for virological relapse, and use of rituximab, TAF use, higher FIB-4 index and high-viremia group at baseline were independent risk factors for clinical relapse. After propensity score-matching, the patients who discontinued TAF therapy still exhibited higher virological (P = 0.031) and clinical relapse rates (P = 0.012) than did those who discontinued entecavir therapy. The patients were allocated to high- (> 2000 IU/mL), moderate- (between 20 and 2000 IU/mL) and low- (< 20 IU/mL) viremia groups. In the high-viremia group, those who had taken TAF for antiviral prophylaxis had higher rates of virological and clinical relapse than did those who had taken entecavir; in the moderate- and low-viremia groups, no significant difference in virological and clinical relapse rates was detected between the entecavir and TAF groups. Three patients experienced hepatic decompensation upon clinical relapse. All three patients were lymphoma and underwent rituximab therapy. One patient developed acute on chronic liver failure and died even though timely retreatment. CONCLUSIONS In patients with both cancer and CHB who underwent antiviral prophylaxis, TAF use was associated with a higher chance of HBV relapse than entecavir use after nucleos(t)ide analogue cessation, particularly in the high-viremia group. Patients who are hematologic malignancy and undergo a rituximab-containing cytotoxic therapy should be monitored closely after withdrawal from prophylactic NA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Fang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Tseng
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Houng Wang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Hung
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Akiso M, Muema D, Langat R, Naidoo KK, Oino G, Mutua G, Thobakgale C, Ochiel D, Chinyenze K, Anzala O, Mureithi MW. Early antiretroviral therapy and its impact on natural killer cell dynamics in HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional pilot study evaluating the impact of early ART initiation on NK cell perturbation in HIV infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357023. [PMID: 38364104 PMCID: PMC10986508 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03570-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic changes and functional impairment of natural killer (NK) cells occur early in HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively restores CD4+ T cell counts and suppresses HIV-1 to undetectable levels. The role and efficacy of immediate ART initiation in mitigating NK cell aberrations remain to be elucidated comprehensively. This study hypothesized that HIV-1 infection negatively influences NK cell evolution and that early ART initiation restores these perturbations. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five acutely HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were immediately initiated on ART after HIV-1 diagnosis. Blood samples were drawn pre-infection and at sequential bi-weekly post-infection time points. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with panel NK cells surface markers to assess HIV-induced phenotypic changes by flow cytometry. Some cells were also stimulated overnight with K562 cell line, IL-2, and IL-15 and stained for flow cytometry functionality. HIV-1 infection was associated with significant reductions in the production of IFN-γ (P = 0.0264), expression of CD69 (P = 0.0110), and expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor Siglec7 (P = 0.0418). We observed an increased NK cell degranulation (P = 0.0100) and an upregulated expression of cell exhaustion marker PD-1 (P = 0.0513) at post-infection time points. These changes mainly were restored upon immediate initiation of ART, except for Siglec7 expression, whose reduced expression persisted despite ART. Some HIV-associated changes in NK cells may persist despite the immediate initiation of ART in acute HIV-1 infections. Our findings suggest that understanding NK cell dynamics and their restoration after ART can offer insights into optimizing HIV-1 treatment and potentially slowing disease progression.IMPORTANCENatural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in controlling of HIV-1 replication and progression to disease. Perturbations of their functionality may therefore result in deleterious disease outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced NK cell functionality in chronic HIV-1 infection that positively correlated to HIV-1 viral load. This may suggest that control of HIV-1 viremia in acute HIV-1 infection may aid in enhancing NK cell response boosting the inate immunity hence effective control of viral spread and establishment of viral reservoir. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively supresses HIV-1 viremia to undectable levels and restores CD4+ T cell counts. Our study highlights the significant role of early ART initiation in mitigating NK cell disruptions caused by acute HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that early initiation of ART could have benefits beyond suppressing viral load and restoring CD4+ T cell counts. In addition, it could boost the innate immunity necessary to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrona Akiso
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Muema
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Robert Langat
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kewreshini K. Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey Oino
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gaudensia Mutua
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina Thobakgale
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ochiel
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marianne W. Mureithi
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Destremau M, Chaussade H, Hemar V, Beguet M, Bellecave P, Blanchard E, Barret A, Laboure G, Vasco-Moynet C, Lacassin F, Morisse E, Aguilar C, Lafarge X, Lafon ME, Bonnet F, Issa N, Camou F. Convalescent plasma transfusion for immunocompromised viremic patients with COVID-19: A retrospective multicenter study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29603. [PMID: 38619025 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the safety, virological, and clinical outcomes of convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) in immunocompromised patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 and RNAemia from May 2020 to March 2023 treated with CPT. We included 81 patients with hematological malignancies (HM), transplants, or autoimmune diseases (69% treated with anti-CD20). Sixty patients (74%) were vaccinated, and 14 had pre-CPT serology >264 BAU/mL. The median delay between symptom onset and CPT was 23 days [13-31]. At D7 post-CPT, plasma PCR was negative in 43/64 patients (67.2%), and serology became positive in 25/30 patients (82%). Post-CPT positive serology was associated with RNAemia negativity (p < 0.001). The overall mortality rate at D28 was 26%, being higher in patients with non-B-cell HM (62%) than with B-cell HM (25%) or with no HM (11%) (p = 0.02). Patients receiving anti-CD20 without chemotherapy had the lowest mortality rate (8%). Positive RNAemia at D7 was associated with mortality at D28 in univariate analysis (HR: 3.05 [1.14-8.19]). Eight patients had adverse events, two of which were severe but transient. Our findings suggest that CPT can abolish RNAemia and ameliorate the clinical course in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Destremau
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Chaussade
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Bordeaux, France
| | - Victor Hemar
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Beguet
- Etablissement français du sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Amaury Barret
- CH Arcachon, Service de médecine interne, La Teste-de-Buch, France
| | | | | | - Flore Lacassin
- CH Mont-de-Marsan, Service de médecine interne, Mont-de-Marsan, France
| | | | - Claire Aguilar
- CH Périgueux, Service de maladies infectieuses, Périgueux, France
| | - Xavier Lafarge
- Etablissement français du sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1211 "Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme", Talence, France
| | | | - Fabrice Bonnet
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nahéma Issa
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de réanimation médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Camou
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de réanimation médicale, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Ka'e AC, Santoro MM, Nanfack A, Ngoufack Jagni Semengue E, Yagai B, Nka AD, Ambada G, Mpouel ML, Sagnia B, Kenou L, Sanhanfo M, Togna Pabo WLR, Takou D, Chenwi CA, Sonela N, Sosso SM, Nkenfou C, Colizzi V, Halle-Ekane GE, Ndjolo A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Perno CF, Lewin S, Tiemessen CT, Fokam J. Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoirs in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Toward Pediatric HIV Cure. J Pediatr 2024; 267:113919. [PMID: 38237889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the profile of HIV-1 reservoirs in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection. STUDY DESIGN Randomized and nonrandomized trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies on HIV reservoirs in pediatric populations, published between 2002 and 2022, were included. Archived-drug resistance mutations (ADRMs) and the size of reservoirs were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were performed to characterize further the data, and the meta-analysis was done through random effect models. RESULTS Overall, 49 studies from 17 countries worldwide were included, encompassing 2356 perinatally infected participants (48.83% females). There are limited data on the quantitative characterization of viral reservoirs in sub-Saharan Africa, with sensitive methodologies such as droplet digital polymerase chain reaction rarely employed. The overall prevalence of ADRMs was 37.80% (95% CI 13.89-65.17), with 48.79% (95% CI 0-100) in Africa, 42.08% (95% CI 6.68-82.71) in America, 23.88% (95% CI 14.34-34.90) in Asia, and 20.00% (95% CI 10.72-31.17) in Europe, without any difference between infants and adolescents (P = .656). Starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) before 2 months of age limited the levels of HIV-1 DNA (P = .054). Participants with long-suppressed viremia (>5 years) had lower levels of HIV-1 DNA (P = .027). Pre- and post-ART CD4 ≤29% and pre-ART viremia ≥5Log were all found associated with greater levels of HIV-1 DNA (P = .038, P = .047, and P = .041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of ADRMs is high in perinatally infected pediatric population, with larger proviral reservoir size driven by delayed ART initiation, a shorter period of viral suppression, and immunovirological failures. Thus, strategies for pediatric HIV functional cure should target children and adolescents with very early ART initiation, immunocompetence, and long-term viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Christelle Ka'e
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Experimental Medicine, PhD Course in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants (MIMIT), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aubin Nanfack
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; IAS Research Cure Academy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bouba Yagai
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Georgia Ambada
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Marie-Laure Mpouel
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bertrand Sagnia
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Leslie Kenou
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Michelle Sanhanfo
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Willy Le Roi Togna Pabo
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Desire Takou
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Collins Ambe Chenwi
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Experimental Medicine, PhD Course in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants (MIMIT), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nelson Sonela
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Celine Nkenfou
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; Chair of UNESCO, Department of Biotechnology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gregory Edie Halle-Ekane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Carlo-Federico Perno
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sharon Lewin
- Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon; IAS Research Cure Academy, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
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15
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Wang ZW, Liu Q, Sun HY. [Clinical Study of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients with Co-Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2024; 32:561-567. [PMID: 38660867 DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cytomegalovirus(CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) co-reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and its influence on prognosis. METHODS The clinical data of 222 patients who received allo-HSCT from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, and the patients were divided into groups according to the occurrence of CMV and EBV infection. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of co-reactivation of CMV and EBV. RESULTS After allo-HSCT, there were 30 patients with co-reactivation of CMV and EBV (CMV++EBV+ group), 101 patients with CMV viremia (CMV+ group), 149 patients with EBV viremia (EBV+ group), and 28 patients with CMV and EBV inactivation (CMV-+ EBV- group). Compared with the other groups, the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) was higher in CMV++ EBV+ groups (53.3% vs 42.6%, 36.9%, 17.9%, P < 0.001; 36.7% vs 32.7%, 22.8%, 10.7%, P =0.042). The incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in CMV++ EBV+ group was similar to CMV+ group and EBV+ group (3.3% vs 3.0%, 3.4%, P =0.811). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the persistent time of CMV and EBV after transplantation were independent risk factors for co-reactivation of CMV and EBV. Compared with the other groups, the 2-year overall survival (OS) rate and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of patients in CMV++EBV+ group were lower (46.7% vs 74.9%, 83.4%, 71.4%, P < 0.001; 46.7% vs 70.9%, 79.5%, 69.9%, P =0.002), and 2-year non-recurrence mortality (NRM) was higher (48.2% vs 22%, 13.6%, 18.7%, P <0.001). CONCLUSION The persistent time of CMV and EBV after transplantation are independent risk factors for patients with co-reactivation of CMV and EBV. Patients with co-reactivation of CMV and EBV had lower OS and DFS rate and higher NRM, suggesting that the clinical prognosis of the patients are worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China . E-mail:
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16
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Shi Z, Gao F, Ding D, Wu H, Shi J, Luo Y, Yu J, Tan Y, Lai X, Liu L, Fu H, Huang H, Zhao Y. Outcomes of haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation following myeloablative conditioning using two types of rabbit ATG: a propensity score-matched analysis. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1353-1362. [PMID: 38430226 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
During hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), ATG depletes T cells in-vivo to improve engraftment and prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Here, we compared the clinical efficacy of two different types of ATGs: thymoglobulin and anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin (Grafalon). A total of 469 patients who received haploidentical transplantation were enrolled in this retrospective study. We applied a propensity score (PS)-matched analysis and 209 patients were assigned to each group. Clinical outcomes were compared between two groups and primary outcome was overall survival (OS). There was no significant difference in OS between two groups. Within the first 180 days after HSCT, Grafalon was associated with lower incidences of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia (31.6 vs. 54.5%, P < 0.0001) and cytomegalovirus viremia (CMV) viremia (54.5 vs. 67.9%, P = 0.005) compared to thymoglobulin. Patients receiving Grafalon had a higher rate of moderate/severe chronic GVHD (26.3 vs. 18.2%, P = 0.046). However, the incidences of engraftment failure, grade II-IV acute GVHD, relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) did not differ greatly between groups. In the subgroup analysis, Grafalon improved the OS of lymphoid malignancies with young ages (< 40 years old) (HR, 0.55; P = 0.04) or with a high/very high disease risk index (HR, 0.36; P = 0.04). In the myeloid cohort, Grafalon reduced NRM in the patients who received non-female for male transplantation grafts (HR, 0.17; P = 0.02). Our results suggest the two types of ATG may differentially influence transplant outcomes and it may optimize ATG selection according to the condition of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dang Ding
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengwei Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huarui Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Hanley KA, Cecilia H, Azar SR, Moehn BA, Gass JT, Oliveira da Silva NI, Yu W, Yun R, Althouse BM, Vasilakis N, Rossi SL. Trade-offs shaping transmission of sylvatic dengue and Zika viruses in monkey hosts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2682. [PMID: 38538621 PMCID: PMC10973334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses originated in Old World sylvatic (forest) cycles involving monkeys and canopy-living Aedes mosquitoes. Both viruses spilled over into human transmission and were translocated to the Americas, opening a path for spillback into Neotropical sylvatic cycles. Studies of the trade-offs that shape within-host dynamics and transmission of these viruses are lacking, hampering efforts to predict spillover and spillback. We infected a native, Asian host species (cynomolgus macaque) and a novel, American host species (squirrel monkey) with sylvatic strains of DENV-2 or ZIKV via mosquito bite. We then monitored aspects of viral replication (viremia), innate and adaptive immune response (natural killer (NK) cells and neutralizing antibodies, respectively), and transmission to mosquitoes. In both hosts, ZIKV reached high titers that translated into high transmission to mosquitoes; in contrast DENV-2 replicated to low levels and, unexpectedly, transmission occurred only when serum viremia was below or near the limit of detection. Our data reveal evidence of an immunologically-mediated trade-off between duration and magnitude of virus replication, as higher peak ZIKV titers are associated with shorter durations of viremia, and higher NK cell levels are associated with lower peak ZIKV titers and lower anti-DENV-2 antibody levels. Furthermore, patterns of transmission of each virus from a Neotropical monkey suggest that ZIKV has greater potential than DENV-2 to establish a sylvatic transmission cycle in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| | - Hélène Cecilia
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Sasha R Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brett A Moehn
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jordan T Gass
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | - Wanqin Yu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Ruimei Yun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Benjamin M Althouse
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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18
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Schmitz KS, Rennick LJ, Tilston-Lunel NL, Comvalius AD, Laksono BM, Geers D, van Run P, de Vries RD, de Swart RL, Duprex WP. Rational attenuation of canine distemper virus (CDV) to develop a morbillivirus animal model that mimics measles in humans. J Virol 2024; 98:e0185023. [PMID: 38415596 PMCID: PMC10949419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01850-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae and are known for their ability to cause systemic disease in a variety of mammalian hosts. The prototypic morbillivirus, measles virus (MeV), infects humans and still causes morbidity and mortality in unvaccinated children and young adults. Experimental infection studies in non-human primates have contributed to the understanding of measles pathogenesis. However, ethical restrictions call for the development of new animal models. Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a wide range of animals, including ferrets, and its pathogenesis shares many features with measles. However, wild-type CDV infection is almost always lethal, while MeV infection is usually self-limiting. Here, we made five recombinant CDVs, predicted to be attenuated, and compared their pathogenesis to the non-attenuated recombinant CDV in a ferret model. Three viruses were insufficiently attenuated based on clinical signs, fatality, and systemic infection, while one virus was too attenuated. The last candidate virus caused a self-limiting infection associated with transient viremia and viral dissemination to all lymphoid tissues, was shed transiently from the upper respiratory tract, and did not result in acute neurological signs. Additionally, an in-depth phenotyping of the infected white blood cells showed lower infection percentages in all lymphocyte subsets when compared to the non-attenuated CDV. In conclusion, infection models using this candidate virus mimic measles and can be used to study pathogenesis-related questions and to test interventions for morbilliviruses in a natural host species.IMPORTANCEMorbilliviruses are transmitted via the respiratory route but cause systemic disease. The viruses use two cellular receptors to infect myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells. Measles virus (MeV) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, requiring animal models to study pathogenesis or intervention strategies. Experimental MeV infections in non-human primates are restricted by ethical and practical constraints, and animal morbillivirus infections in natural host species have been considered as alternatives. Inoculation of ferrets with wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) has been used for this purpose, but in most cases, the virus overwhelms the immune system and causes highly lethal disease. Introduction of an additional transcription unit and an additional attenuating point mutation in the polymerase yielded a candidate virus that caused self-limiting disease with transient viremia and virus shedding. This rationally attenuated CDV strain can be used for experimental morbillivirus infections in ferrets that reflect measles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda J. Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Benlarbi M, Richard J, Bourassa C, Tolbert WD, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Gendron-Lepage G, Sylla M, El-Far M, Messier-Peet M, Guertin C, Turcotte I, Fromentin R, Verly MM, Prévost J, Clark A, Mothes W, Kaufmann DE, Maldarelli F, Chomont N, Bégin P, Tremblay C, Baril JG, Trottier B, Trottier S, Duerr R, Pazgier M, Durand M, Finzi A. Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Soluble Glycoprotein 120 Association With Correlates of Immune Dysfunction and Inflammation in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Individuals With Undetectable Viremia. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:763-774. [PMID: 38035854 PMCID: PMC10938206 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation persists in some people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during antiretroviral therapy and is associated with premature aging. The glycoprotein 120 (gp120) subunit of HIV-1 envelope sheds and can be detected in plasma, showing immunomodulatory properties even in the absence of detectable viremia. We evaluated whether plasma soluble gp120 (sgp120) and a family of gp120-specific anti-cluster A antibodies, linked to CD4 depletion in vitro, contribute to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in participants of the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study with undetectable viremia. METHODS Cross-sectional assessment of sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies was performed in 386 individuals from the cohort. Their association with proinflammatory cytokines and subclinical coronary artery disease was assessed using linear regression models. RESULTS High levels of sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies were inversely correlated with CD4+ T cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio. The presence of sgp120 was associated with increased levels of interleukin 6. In participants with detectable atherosclerotic plaque and detectable sgp120, anti-cluster A antibodies and their combination with sgp120 levels correlated positively with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that sgp120 may act as a pan toxin causing immune dysfunction and sustained inflammation in a subset of people living with HIV, contributing to the development of premature comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Mohamed Sylla
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Camille Guertin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Clark
- ViiV Healthcare, Global Medical Affairs, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bégin
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Guy Baril
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Trottier
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Bottino P, Pastrone L, Zanotto E, Sidoti F, Cavallo R, Costa C. Molecular diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus infection: clinical performance of the Aptima transcription-mediated amplification assay toward conventional qPCR chemistry on whole blood samples. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0090623. [PMID: 38349144 PMCID: PMC10935658 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00906-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is life-threatening for immunocompromised patients. Quantitative molecular assays on whole blood or plasma are the gold standard for the diagnosis of invasive HCMV infection and for monitoring antiviral treatment in individuals at risk of HCMV disease. For these reasons, an accurate standardization toward the WHO 1st International Standard among different centers and diagnostic kits represents an effort for better clinical management of HCMV-positive patients. Herein, we evaluate, for the first time, the performance of a new transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay versus quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) chemistry, used as a routine method, on whole blood samples. A total of 755 clinical whole blood specimens were collected and tested simultaneously with TMA and qPCR assays. The data showed a qualitative agreement of 99.27% for positive quantified samples and 89.39% for those undetected between the two tested methods. Evaluation of viremia in positive samples highlighted a good correlation between TMA and qPCR chemistries in terms of International Units (ΔLog10 IU/mL: -0.29 ± 0.40). The TMA assay showed a significant correlation with qPCR in patients monitored for up to 3 months, thus allowing an accurate assessment of viremia in transplant patients. Therefore, TMA chemistry showed good agreement with qPCR testing, used as a current diagnostic routine. It also offers important advantages, such as FDA approval on plasma and In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) on both plasma and whole blood, automated workflow with minimal hands-on time, and random access loading, thus enabling a rapid and reliable diagnostic in HCMV-infected patients. IMPORTANCE In this paper, we describe the clinical performance of a novel transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay for the detection and quantification of human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA from whole blood samples. This is a pivotal analysis in immunocompromised patients [transplanted, HIV-positive, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) recipients], and molecular tests with high sensitivity and specificity are necessary to evaluate the HCMV viral load in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth evaluation of TMA chemistry for HCMV diagnosis on whole blood samples. Moreover, also technical aspects of this assay make it suitable for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bottino
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology U, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Lisa Pastrone
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology U, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Zanotto
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology U, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Sidoti
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology U, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology U, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- S.C. Microbiology and Virology U, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
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21
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Aguilar CC, Kalia A, Brisse ME, Dowd KA, Wise-Dent O, Burgomaster KE, Droppo J, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Subcapsular sinus macrophages maximize germinal center development in non-draining lymph nodes during blood-borne viral infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4926. [PMID: 38457515 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) germinal centers (GCs) are critical sites for B cell activation and differentiation. GCs develop after specialized CD169+ macrophages residing in LN sinuses filter antigens (Ags) from the lymph and relay these Ags into proximal B cell follicles. Many viruses, however, first reach LNs through the blood during viremia (virus in the blood), rather than through lymph drainage from infected tissue. How LNs capture viral Ag from the blood to allow GC development is not known. Here, we followed Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination in mice and subsequent GC formation in both infected tissue-draining and non-draining LNs. From the footpad, ZIKV initially disseminated through two LN chains, infecting LN macrophages and leading to GC formation. Despite rapid ZIKV viremia, non-draining LNs were not infected for several days. Non-draining LN infection correlated with virus-induced vascular leakage and neutralization of permeability reduced LN macrophage attrition. Depletion of non-draining LN macrophages significantly decreased GC B cells in these nodes. Thus, although LNs inefficiently captured viral Ag directly from the blood, GC formation in non-draining LNs proceeded similarly to draining LNs through LN sinus CD169+ macrophages. Together, our findings reveal a conserved pathway allowing LN macrophages to activate antiviral B cells in LNs distal from infected tissue after blood-borne viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Wise-Dent
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Droppo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Grasch JL, de Voest JA, Saade GR, Hughes BL, Reddy UM, Costantine MM, Chien EK, Tita ATN, Thorp JM, Metz TD, Wapner RJ, Sabharwal V, Simhan HN, Swamy GK, Heyborne KD, Sibai BM, Grobman WA, El-Sayed YY, Casey BM, Parry S. Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration, and Associated Factors Among People With Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:449-455. [PMID: 38176013 PMCID: PMC10962006 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize breastfeeding behaviors and identify factors associated with breastfeeding initiation among people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational cohort of pregnant people with singleton gestations and HCV seropositivity. This analysis includes individuals with data on breastfeeding initiation and excludes those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. The primary outcome was self-reported initiation of breastfeeding or provision of expressed breast milk. Secondary outcomes included duration of breastfeeding. Demographic and obstetric characteristics were compared between those who initiated breastfeeding and those who did not to identify associated factors. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS Overall, 579 individuals (75.0% of participants in the parent study) were included. Of those, 362 (62.5%) initiated breastfeeding or provided breast milk to their infants, with a median duration of breastfeeding of 1.4 months (interquartile range 0.5-6.0). People with HCV viremia , defined as a detectable viral load at any point during pregnancy, were less likely to initiate breastfeeding than those who had an undetectable viral load (59.4 vs 71.9%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.61, 95% CI, 0.41-0.92). People with private insurance were more likely to initiate breastfeeding compared with those with public insurance or no insurance (80.0 vs 60.1%; aOR 2.43, 95% CI, 1.31-4.50). CONCLUSION Although HCV seropositivity is not a contraindication to breastfeeding regardless of viral load, rates of breastfeeding initiation were lower among people with HCV viremia than among those with an undetectable viral load. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01959321 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Grasch
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, MetroHealth Medical Center-Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, Columbia University, New York, New York, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, Stanford University, Stanford, California, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC; and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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23
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Pahwa P, Vyas AK, Sevak JK, Singh R, Maras JS, Patra S, Sarin SK, Trehanpati N. Modulation of CD8 +T cells, NK cells and Th1cytokines by metabolic milieu in decline of HBV- viremia in pregnant women treated with tenofovir-disoproxil from second trimester of pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 162:104208. [PMID: 38367478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
High HBV DNA levels predispose to mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HBV. Early nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy can reduce HBV DNA and minimize MTCT. We analysed immune-metabolic profile in pregnant mothers who received NA from 2nd trimester compared with untreated mothers. In 2nd trimester, there was no difference in immune profiles between Gr.1 and Gr.2 but high viral load women had downregulated pyruvate, NAD+ metabolism but in 3rd trimester, Gr.1 had significant reduction in HBV-DNA, upregulated pyruvate and NAD with increased IFN-2αA, CD8Tcells, NK cells and decreased Tregs, IL15, IL18, IL29, TGFβ3 compared to Gr.2. In Gr.1, three eAg-ve women showed undetectable DNA and HBsAg. At delivery, Gr.1 showed no MTCT, with undetectable HBV DNA, HBsAg, high CD8 and NK cells in two women. We conclude, that starting NA from second trimester, reduces HBV load and MTCT, modulates NAD, induces immunity and suggest use of NA in early gestation in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjyoti Pahwa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Vyas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sevak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharda Patra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nirupama Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Wang Q, Clark KM, Tiwari R, Raju N, Tharp GK, Rogers J, Harris RA, Raveendran M, Bosinger SE, Burdo TH, Silvestri G, Shan L. The CARD8 inflammasome dictates HIV/SIV pathogenesis and disease progression. Cell 2024; 187:1223-1237.e16. [PMID: 38428396 PMCID: PMC10919936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
While CD4+ T cell depletion is key to disease progression in people living with HIV and SIV-infected macaques, the mechanisms underlying this depletion remain incompletely understood, with most cell death involving uninfected cells. In contrast, SIV infection of "natural" hosts such as sooty mangabeys does not cause CD4+ depletion and AIDS despite high-level viremia. Here, we report that the CARD8 inflammasome is activated immediately after HIV entry by the viral protease encapsulated in incoming virions. Sensing of HIV protease activity by CARD8 leads to rapid pyroptosis of quiescent cells without productive infection, while T cell activation abolishes CARD8 function and increases permissiveness to infection. In humanized mice reconstituted with CARD8-deficient cells, CD4+ depletion is delayed despite high viremia. Finally, we discovered loss-of-function mutations in CARD8 from "natural hosts," which may explain the peculiarly non-pathogenic nature of these infections. Our study suggests that CARD8 drives CD4+ T cell depletion during pathogenic HIV/SIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kolin M Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ritudhwaj Tiwari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muthuswamy Raveendran
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liang Shan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Understanding the kinetics of dengue viruses in the bloodstream can provide insights into the clinical outcomes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Sen Kwek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Translational Clinical Research, Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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26
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Bohler F, Cashman K, Wilkinson E, Johnson JC, Rosenke K, Shamblin J, Hensley L, Honko A, Shaia C. An atlas of gross and histologic lesions and immunohistochemical immunoreactivity during the temporal progression of aerosolized Lassa virus induced hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1341891. [PMID: 38404292 PMCID: PMC10884106 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1341891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes an acute multisystemic hemorrhagic fever in humans known as Lassa fever, which is endemic in several African countries. This manuscript focuses on the progression of disease in cynomolgus macaques challenged with aerosolized LASV and serially sampled for the development and progression of gross and histopathologic lesions. Gross lesions were first noted in tissues on day 6 and persisted throughout day 12. Viremia and histologic lesions were first noted on day 6 commencing with the pulmonary system and hemolymphatic system and progressing at later time points to include all systems. Immunoreactivity to LASV antigen was first observed in the lungs of one macaque on day 3 and appeared localized to macrophages with an increase at later time points to include immunoreactivity in all organ systems. Additionally, this manuscript will serve as a detailed atlas of histopathologic lesions and disease progression for comparison to other animal models of aerosolized Arenaviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Bohler
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Kathleen Cashman
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Eric Wilkinson
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua C. Johnson
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Josh Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Hensley
- Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Anna Honko
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
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27
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Yu J, Kong W, Wang X, Cai C, Cheng G, Ding G, Xu Z. Mucosal immune responses of gut IgM in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following infection with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109326. [PMID: 38134976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) specifically recognizes various antigens and can activate complement, mediate cytotoxicity, opsonize and agglutinate pathogens to induce phagocytosis, all of which play an important role in immunity. However, the IgM response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the intestinal mucosa after viral infection has not been thoroughly. Therefore, we successfully produced an anti-carp IgM monoclonal antibody and developed a model of viral infection to study the kinetics of immune responses after viral infection. Our results showed that the expression of IL1-β and Igs were dramatically increased, implying that common carp exhibited a significant innate and adaptive immune response to viral infection. Furthermore, we found that the IgM responses varied between the two infection strategies. At 14 days post-infection (DPI), a significant population of IgM+ B cells were observed in the gut, accompanied by a sharp rise in IgM levels. The immune response to secondary infection started at 7 DPI, suggesting that the IgM response is faster in the gut after re-infection. Importantly, we also explored the variability of different gut compartments to viral infection, and result revealed a stronger immune response in the hindgut than in the foregut and midgut. Overall, our findings indicate that IgM plays an important role in the intestinal immune response following primary and secondary viral infection, in which the hindgut plays a major immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - GuangYi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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28
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Walsh MCR, Alam MS, Pierce KK, Carmolli M, Alam M, Dickson DM, Bak DM, Afreen S, Nazib F, Golam K, Qadri F, Diehl SA, Durbin AP, Whitehead SS, Haque R, Kirkpatrick BD. Safety and durable immunogenicity of the TV005 tetravalent dengue vaccine, across serotypes and age groups, in dengue-endemic Bangladesh: a randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:150-160. [PMID: 37776876 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality from dengue virus (DENV) is rapidly growing in the large populations of south Asia. Few formal evaluations of candidate dengue vaccine candidates have been undertaken in India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh. Tetravalent vaccines must be tested for safety and immunogenicity in all age groups and in those previously exposed and naive to DENV infections. TV005 is a live, attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of TV005 across age groups in dengue-endemic Bangladesh. METHODS We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled age de-escalating clinical trial of TV005 at a single clinical site in dengue-endemic Dhaka, Bangladesh, following a technology transfer from the USA. Healthy (as determined by history, clinical examination, and safety laboratory test results) volunteers aged 1-50 years were randomly assigned 3:1 (stratified by four age groups) to receive a single dose of TV005 vaccine or placebo. Participants were followed up for 3 years. The study was double blind and was unmasked at day 180; outcome assessors, clinic staff, and volunteers remained blind throughout. Primary outcomes were safety, evaluated per-protocol as proportion of volunteers with solicited related adverse events of any severity through 28 days post dosing, and post-vaccination seropositivity by day 180 using serotype-specific neutralising antibodies (PRNT50 ≥10). Secondary outcomes included viremia, impact of past dengue exposure, and durability of antibody responses. This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02678455, and is complete. FINDINGS Between March 13, 2016, and Feb 14, 2017, 192 volunteers were enrolled into four age groups (adults [18-50 years; 20 male and 28 female], adolescents [11-17 years; 27 male and 21 female], children [5-10 years; 15 male and 33 female], and young children [1-4 years; 29 male and 19 female]) with 48 participant per group. All participants were Bangladeshi. Vaccination was well tolerated and most adverse events were mild. Rash was the most common vaccine-associated solicited adverse event, in 37 (26%) of 144 vaccine recipients versus six (12%) of 48 placebo recipients; followed by fever in seven (5% of 144) and arthralgias in seven (6% of 108), which were only observed in vaccine recipients. Post-vaccine, volunteers of all ages (n=142) were seropositive to most serotypes with 118 (83%) seropositive to DENV 1, 141 (99%) to DENV 2, 137 (96%) to DENV 3, and 124 (87%) to DENV 4, overall by day 180. Post-vaccination, viraemia was not consistently found and antibody titres were higher (10-15-fold for DENV 1-3 and 1·6-fold for DENV 4) in individuals with past dengue exposure compared with the dengue-naive participants (DENV 1 mean 480 [SD 4·0] vs 32 [2·4], DENV 2 1042 [3·2] vs 105 [3·1], DENV 3 1406 [2·8] vs 129 [4·7], and DENV 4 105 [3·3] vs 65 [3·1], respectively). Antibody titres to all serotypes remained stable in most adults (63-86%) after 3 years of follow-up. However, as expected for individuals without past exposure to dengue, titres for DENV 1, 3, and 4 waned by 3 years in the youngest (1-4 year old) cohort (69% seropositive for DENV 2 and 22-28% seropositive for DENV 1, 3, and 4). INTERPRETATION With 3 years of follow-up, the single-dose tetravalent dengue vaccine, TV005, was well tolerated and immunogenic for all four serotypes in young children to adults, including individuals with no previous dengue exposure. FUNDING National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Intramural Research Program and Johns Hopkins University. TRANSLATION For the Bangla translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Claire R Walsh
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Kristen K Pierce
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marya Carmolli
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Masud Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, iccdr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dorothy M Dickson
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Dan M Bak
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sajia Afreen
- Infectious Diseases Division, iccdr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Forida Nazib
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kibria Golam
- Infectious Diseases Division, iccdr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, iccdr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sean A Diehl
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- Infectious Diseases Division, iccdr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- UVM Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
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29
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Zhao Y, Liang Y, Chen Q, Shan S, Yang G, Li H. The function of NLRP3 in anti-infection immunity and inflammasome assembly of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109367. [PMID: 38211703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated by a variety of stimuli and plays an important role in protecting host from pathogen invasion and maintaining homeostasis. However, the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in fish is still unclear. In the present study, the NLRP3 gene (CcNLRP3) was identified from common carp, which was 3069 bp in length and encoded a protein with five domains. Sequence analysis showed that NLRP3 was evolutionarily conserved, and CcNLRP3 was closely related to that in grass carp and zebrafish. Real-time PCR showed that CcNLRP3 was widely expressed in various immune-related tissues of healthy common carp, and significantly increased after stimulation with E. tarda, A. hydrophila and Cyprinus spring viremia virus (SVCV), suggesting that CcNLRP3 might be involved in the immune defense of common carp. The results of co-IP, spot formation, oligomerization and fluorescence localization showed that CcNLRP3 could interact with CcASC and assemble into inflammasome. The cytotoxicity assays showed that CcNLRP3 inflammasome was involved in the pyroptosis induced by CcGSDME. At the same time, CcNLRP3 could directly interact with CcCaspase-A/B and result in increased Caspase-B enzyme activity and LDH release, indicating that CcNLRP3 could also form inflammasome through ASC-independent pathway. Taken together, the results provide targets and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yaxin Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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Zani A, Messali S, Uggeri M, Bonfanti C, Caruso A, Caccuri F. Detection of HIV-1 matrix protein p17 in sera of viremic and aviremic patients. J Virol Methods 2024; 324:114858. [PMID: 38029970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), even if successfully treated with a combined antiretroviral therapy, display a persistent inflammation and chronic immune activation, and an increasing risk of developing cardiovascular and thrombotic events, cancers, and neurologic disorders. Accumulating evidence reveals that biologically active HIV-1 proteins may play a role in the development of these HIV-1-associated conditions. The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) is released and accumulates in different organs and tissue where it may exert multiple biological activities on different target cells. To assess a role of p17 in different HIV-1-related pathological processes, it is central to definitively ascertain and quantitate its expression in a large number of sera obtained from HIV-1-infected (HIV-1+) patients. To this aim, we developed a specific and highly sensitive p17 capture immunoenzymatic assay. Data obtained highlight a heterogeneous expression of p17 in blood of tested patients, with patients who were negative or displayed from low to relatively high p17 blood concentrations (range from 0.05 to 7.29 nM). Moreover, we found that blood p17 concentration was totally independent from the viremic status of the patient. This finding calls for monitoring HIV-1+ patients in order to evaluate a possible correlation between p17 amount in blood and the likelihood of developing HIV-1-related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Messali
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Uggeri
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Bonfanti
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Pierce KK, Durbin AP, Walsh MCR, Carmolli M, Sabundayo BP, Dickson DM, Diehl SA, Whitehead SS, Kirkpatrick BD. TV005 dengue vaccine protects against dengue serotypes 2 and 3 in two controlled human infection studies. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173328. [PMID: 37971871 PMCID: PMC10836801 DOI: 10.1172/jci173328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDDisease due to dengue viruses is a growing global health threat, causing 100-400 million cases annually. An ideal dengue vaccine should demonstrate durable protection against all 4 serotypes in phase III efficacy trials, however the lack of circulating serotypes may lead to incomplete efficacy data. Controlled human infection models help downselect vaccine candidates and supply critical data to supplement efficacy trials. We evaluated the efficacy of a leading live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate, TV005, against infection with a newly established dengue serotype 3 or an established serotype 2 challenge virus.METHODSTwo randomized, controlled clinical trials were performed. In study 1, a total of 42 participants received TV005 or placebo (n = 21 each), and 6 months later, all were challenged with dengue 2 virus (rDEN2Δ30) at a dose of 103 PFU. In study 2, a total of 23 participants received TV005 and 20 received placebo, and 6 months later, all were challenged with 104 PFU dengue 3 virus (rDEN3Δ30). The study participants were closely monitored for safety, viremia, and immunologic responses. Infection, measured by post-challenge viremia, and the occurrence of rash and neutropenia were the primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included safety, immunologic, and virologic profiles following vaccination with TV005 and subsequent challenge with the rDEN2Δ30 or rDEN3Δ30 strain.RESULTSTV005 was well tolerated and protected all vaccinated volunteers from viremia with DENV2 or DENV3 (none infected in either group). Placebo recipients had post-challenge viremia (100% in study 1, 85% in study 2), and all experienced rash following challenge with either serotype.CONCLUSIONSTV005 is a leading tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate that fully protected against infection with DENV2 and DENV3 in an established controlled human infection model.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02317900 and NCT02873260.FUNDINGIntramural Research Program, NIH (contract HHSN272200900010C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K. Pierce
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary-Claire R. Walsh
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Marya Carmolli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Beulah P. Sabundayo
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorothy M. Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sean A. Diehl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth D. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Newbrook K, Khan N, Fisher A, Chong K, Gubbins S, Davies WC, Sanders C, Busquets MG, Cooke L, Corla A, Ashby M, Flannery J, Batten C, Stokes JE, Sanz-Bernardo B, Carpenter S, Moffat K, Darpel KE. Specific T-cell subsets have a role in anti-viral immunity and pathogenesis but not viral dynamics or onwards vector transmission of an important livestock arbovirus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328820. [PMID: 38357545 PMCID: PMC10864546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne Orbivirus that is almost solely transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes a globally important haemorrhagic disease, bluetongue (BT), in susceptible ruminants. Infection with BTV is characterised by immunosuppression and substantial lymphopenia at peak viraemia in the host. Methods In this study, the role of cell-mediated immunity and specific T-cell subsets in BTV pathogenesis, clinical outcome, viral dynamics, immune protection, and onwards transmission to a susceptible Culicoides vector is defined in unprecedented detail for the first time, using an in vivo arboviral infection model system that closely mirrors natural infection and transmission of BTV. Individual circulating CD4+, CD8+, or WC1+ γδ T-cell subsets in sheep were depleted through the administration of specific monoclonal antibodies. Results The absence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells was consistently associated with less severe clinical signs of BT, whilst the absence of CD4+ and WC1+ γδ T cells both resulted in an increased clinical severity. The absence of CD4+ T cells also impaired both a timely protective neutralising antibody response and the production of IgG antibodies targeting BTV non-structural protein, NS2, highlighting that the CD4+ T-cell subset is important for a timely protective immune response. T cells did not influence viral replication characteristics, including onset/dynamics of viraemia, shedding, or onwards transmission of BTV to Culicoides. We also highlight differences in T-cell dependency for the generation of immunoglobulin subclasses targeting BTV NS2 and the structural protein, VP7. Discussion This study identifies a diverse repertoire of T-cell functions during BTV infection in sheep, particularly in inducing specific anti-viral immune responses and disease manifestation, and will support more effective vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Newbrook
- Orbivirus Research, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Nakibul Khan
- Orbivirus Research, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee Fisher
- Orbivirus Research, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences AND School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Chong
- Orbivirus Research, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences AND School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gubbins
- Transmission Biology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - William C. Davies
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Lyndsay Cooke
- Orbivirus Research, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Corla
- Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Ashby
- Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - John Flannery
- Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Batten
- Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo
- Large Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Viruses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katy Moffat
- Flow Cytometry, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Karin E. Darpel
- Orbivirus Research, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Diagnostics and Development, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stam AJ, Buchholtz NVEJ, Bierman WFW, van Crevel R, Hoepelman AIM, Claassen MAA, Ammerlaan HSM, van Welzen BJ, van Kasteren MEE, van Lelyveld SFL, de Jong D, Tesselaar K, van Luin M, Nijhuis M, Wensing AMJ, Team LOWERITS. Dynamics of Low-Level Viremia and Immune Activation after Switching to a Darunavir-Based Regimen. Viruses 2024; 16:182. [PMID: 38399959 PMCID: PMC10893305 DOI: 10.3390/v16020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate regarding whether low-level viremia (LLV), in particular persistent LLV, during HIV treatment with optimal adherence originates from low-level viral replication, viral production, or both. We performed an observational study in 30 individuals with LLV who switched to a boosted darunavir (DRV)-based therapy. In-depth virological analyses were used to characterize the viral population and the (activity) of the viral reservoir. Immune activation was examined using cell-bound and soluble markers. The primary outcome was defined as the effect on HIV-RNA and was categorized by responders (<50 cp/mL) or non-responders (>50 cp/mL). At week 24, 53% of the individuals were considered responders, 40% non-responders, and 7% could not be assigned. Sequencing showed no evolution or selection of drug resistance in the non-responders. Production of defective virus with mutations in either the protease (D25N) or RT active site contributed to persistent LLV in two individuals. We show that in about half of the study participants, the switch to a DRV-based regimen resulted in a viral response indicative of ongoing low-level viral replication as the cause of LLV before the switch. Our data confirm that in clinical management, high genetic barrier drugs like DRV are a safe choice, irrespective of the source of LLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen J. Stam
- Translational Virology Research Group, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ninée V. E. J. Buchholtz
- Translational Virology Research Group, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter F. W. Bierman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy I. M. Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. A. Claassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi S. M. Ammerlaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Berend J. van Welzen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dorien de Jong
- Translational Virology Research Group, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs van Luin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Translational Virology Research Group, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. J. Wensing
- Translational Virology Research Group, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Motta E, Camacho LAB, Filippis AMBD, Costa M, Pedro L, Cardoso SW, Souza MCDO, Mendes YDS, Grinsztejn B, Coelho LE. Safety of the yellow fever vaccine in people living with HIV: a longitudinal study exploring post-vaccination viremia and hematological and liver kinetics. Braz J Infect Dis 2024; 28:103719. [PMID: 38341187 PMCID: PMC10904163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety data on the yellow fever vaccine 17DD in People Living with HIV (PLWH) are limited. This study explored the occurrence of post-vaccination 17DD viremia and the kinetics of hematological and liver laboratorial parameters in PLWH and HIV-uninfected participants [HIV(-) controls]. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of a longitudinal interventional trial (NCT03132311) study that enrolled PLWH and HIV(-) controls to receive a single 17DD dose and were followed at 5, 30 and 365 days after vaccination in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 17DD viremia (obtained throughreal-time PCR and plaque forming units' assays), hematological (neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets counts) and liver enzymes (ALT and AST) results were assessed at baseline and Days 5 and 30 post-vaccination. Logistic regression models explored factors associated with the odds of having positive 17DD viremia. Linear regression models explored variables associated with hematological and liver enzymes results at Day 5. RESULTS A total of 202 PLWH with CD4 ≥ 200 cells/µL and 68 HIV(-) controls were included in the analyses. 17DD viremia was found in 20.0 % of the participants and was twice more frequent in PLWH than in HIV(-) controls (22.8% vs. 11.8 %, p-value < 0.001). Neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets counts dropped at Day 5 and returned to baseline values at Day 30. 17DD viremia was associated with lower nadir of lymphocytes and platelets at Day 5. ALT levels did not increase post-vaccination and were not associated with 17DD viremia. CONCLUSIONS 17DD was safe and well-tolerated in PLWH with CD4 ≥ 200 cells/µL. Post-vaccination viremia was more frequent in PLWH than in controls. Transient and self-limited decreases in lymphocytes and neutrophils occurred early after vaccination. 17DD viremia was associated with lower lymphocytes and platelets nadir after vaccination. We did not observe elevations in ALT after 17DD vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwiges Motta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio B Camacho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana M Bispo de Filippis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcellus Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pedro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra W Cardoso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ygara da Silva Mendes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Biomanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lara E Coelho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Karatas M, Tatar E, Okut G, Yildirim AM, Kocabas E, Tasli Alkan F, Simsek C, Dogan SM, Uslu A. Efficacy of mTOR Inhibitors and Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Treatment of Polyoma BK Nephropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Biopsy-Proven Study. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2024; 22:118-127. [PMID: 38385385 DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2023.o29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the efficacy of a predetermined protocol that consisted of immunosuppressive drug reduction/withdrawal and intravenous immunoglobulin administration for the treatment of polyoma BK virus nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with biopsy-proven polyoma BK virus nephropathy received a treatment regimen based on discontinuation of both calcineurin inhibitors and antiproliferative agents and switching to mTOR inhibitors accompanied by intravenous immunoglobulin administration. RESULTS Our study included 508 patients, with polyoma BK viremia detected in 80 patients. The mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years (range, 18-71 y), 64% were male, and mean follow-up was 37 ± 21 months (6-94 mo). All 16 patients who developed polyoma BK virus nephropathy and 9 patients who had highgrade polyoma BK viremia without nephropathy received intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Compared with patients with viremia, patients with polyoma BK virus nephropathy had significantly higher rates of graft loss due to rejection (18.8% vs 1.6%; P = .024) and all-cause graft loss (31.2% vs 6.3%; P = .014). Histopathologically, viral inclusion bodies disappeared and SV40 became negative after treatment in all 13 patients who underwent protocol biopsies. Unfortunately, histopathologically complete recovery without chronic tubular and interstitial tissue damage was achieved in only 4 patients after treatment. In addition, 3 patients lost their grafts due to acute antibody-mediated or mixed-type rejection (18.8%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with polyoma BK virus nephropathy, clearance of viremia and SV40 should not be the sole outcomes to obtain. Aggressive reductions in maintenance immunosuppression and switching to double-drug therapy combined with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin leads to high rates of graft loss/rejection and sequalae of chronic histological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karatas
- From the Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Li S, Xi C, Geng Y, Tian W, Li L, Wang T, Zhao J. Pathogenicity and host cytokines response of EqHV-8 infection in C57BL/6J mice. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106506. [PMID: 38128702 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Equid herpesvirus type 8 (EqHV-8) is known to cause abortion, respiratory signs, and viral encephalitis in equines. EqHV-8 has been reported to cause serious economic losses in large-scale donkey farms in China. However, little is known about the viral replication and immune reaction in the brains and lungs of EqHV-8-induced C57BL/6J mice. We determined the pathogenicity and immune status in a mice model. The C57BL/6J mice were infected with the EqHV-8 donkey/Shandong/10/2021 strain, and the clinical signs and body weights were evaluated every day. In addition, viremia, virus loads, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice brains and lungs were assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post infection (dpi). Our results demonstrated that mice in the EqHV-8 infected group displayed body weight loss, dyspnea signs, and viremia. The expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 mRNA was increased in the brains and lungs of EqHV-8-infected mice than that in control group at 5 dpi and 7 dpi, and IL-12a expression was increased at 7 dpi. These data indicated that EqHV-8 elicited a strong cytokines response, caused neurogenic disease and respiratory signs in C57BL/6J mice, thus revealing the pathogenicity of EqHV-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China
| | - Cankun Xi
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yiqing Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China
| | - Wenxia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Tongtong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China.
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Yang D, Yao Y, Sun Y, Jiang E. Refractory cytomegalovirus infections in Chinese patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287456. [PMID: 38187387 PMCID: PMC10770847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the absence of prophylactic therapy, cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia is a common complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 25% of allo-HCT happen in China, where the development and refinement of the 'Beijing protocol' has enabled frequent and increasing use of haploidentical donors. However, refractory CMV infection (an increase by >1 log10 in blood or serum CMV DNA levels after at least 2 weeks of an appropriately dosed anti-CMV medication) is more common among patients with haploidentical donors than with other donor types and has no established standard of care. Here, we review the literature regarding refractory CMV infection following allo-HCT in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yi Sun
- MRL Global Medical Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
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Hongli J, Min Z, Longying G, Liegang S, Na W, Mingfeng G, Shengwei X, Jianping W, Shaoqiang W. Separation of spring viraemia of carp virus from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads. Arch Virol 2023; 169:8. [PMID: 38085352 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A method for separation of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with a polyclonal antibody against SVCV was developed. The optimum amount of IMBs was 2 mg in 100 mL. After IMB treatment, the detection limit of SVCV in reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was 103 times the 50% tissue culture infectious dose per mL in 100-mL samples. The concentration of viral RNA extracted from SVCV that had been separated using IMBs was 5.18 × 103-fold higher than that of the unseparated SVCV. When fish samples were tested, the concordance rates of the IMBs/RT-qPCR and RT-qPCR were 100% and 67.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hongli
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhang Min
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Gao Longying
- Da Chan Bay Customs People's Republic of China, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Si Liegang
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Wang Na
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ge Mingfeng
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Xu Shengwei
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Wang Jianping
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China.
| | - Wu Shaoqiang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Mohammadi A, Etemad B, Zhang X, Li Y, Bedwell GJ, Sharaf R, Kittilson A, Melberg M, Crain CR, Traunbauer AK, Wong C, Fajnzylber J, Worrall DP, Rosenthal A, Jordan H, Jilg N, Kaseke C, Giguel F, Lian X, Deo R, Gillespie E, Chishti R, Abrha S, Adams T, Siagian A, Dorazio D, Anderson PL, Deeks SG, Lederman MM, Yawetz S, Kuritzkes DR, Lichterfeld MD, Sieg S, Tsibris A, Carrington M, Brumme ZL, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Engelman AN, Gaiha GD, Li JZ. Viral and host mediators of non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia. Nat Med 2023; 29:3212-3223. [PMID: 37957382 PMCID: PMC10719098 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug resistance. Unraveling the mechanisms behind NSV would broaden our understanding of HIV-1 persistence. Here we analyzed plasma virus sequences in eight ART-treated individuals with NSV (88% male) and show that they are composed of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time in those with longitudinal samples. We defined proviruses that match plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences as 'producer proviruses', and those that did not as 'non-producer proviruses'. Non-suppressible viremia arose from expanded clones of producer proviruses that were significantly larger than the genome-intact proviral reservoir of ART-suppressed individuals. Integration sites of producer proviruses were enriched in proximity to the activating H3K36me3 epigenetic mark. CD4+ T cells from participants with NSV demonstrated upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes and downregulation of pro-apoptotic and type I/II interferon-related pathways. Furthermore, participants with NSV showed significantly lower HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses compared with untreated viremic controllers with similar viral loads. We identified potential critical host and viral mediators of NSV that may represent targets to disrupt HIV-1 persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mohammadi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Valley Health System, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Behzad Etemad
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregory J Bedwell
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Radwa Sharaf
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Autumn Kittilson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan Melberg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles R Crain
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna K Traunbauer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Colline Wong
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Fajnzylber
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alex Rosenthal
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Jordan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarety Kaseke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francoise Giguel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rida Chishti
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Abrha
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor Adams
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Siagian
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominic Dorazio
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sigal Yawetz
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mathias D Lichterfeld
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Athe Tsibris
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jose R Castillo-Mancilla
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan N Engelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hooper MJ, Lee WJ, LeWitt TM, Nguyen C, Griffin T, Chung C, Zhou XA, Guitart J. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphomatoid Papules: A Sign of Immunosuppression Resembling Lymphomatoid Papulosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:789-800. [PMID: 37982462 PMCID: PMC10662656 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunodeficiency constitute a spectrum of lymphoid and plasma cell proliferations that vary in cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and clinical behavior. CD30-positive cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates with EBV expression and lymphomatoid papulosis-like presentations have been rarely reported. This retrospective study assessed the clinical and histopathological characteristics of EBV-positive cases with papulonodular morphologies and CD30 positivity seen by Northwestern Medicine Dermatopathology. Twelve patients (7M:5F, mean age 69 years) were presented with papular cutaneous lesions without antecedent patch/plaque disease. Nine cases were associated with known immunosuppression in the setting of transplant-related therapies (n = 4), hematopoietic malignancy (n = 2), post-transplant hematopoietic malignancy (n = 1), and autoimmune disease treatment (n = 2). Two patients had age-related immunosenescence. Four patients demonstrated EBV viremia; for 2 patients, this finding comprised the first sign of immunosuppression. Workup was negative for systemic lymphoma in all patients. Various treatment strategies were used, including observation (n = 3), discontinuation/reduction of immunosuppression (n = 3), rituximab (n = 4), and steroids (n = 4). At mean 30-month follow-up, 4 patients (33.3%) were alive, 3 with and 1 without disease. Eight patients (67.6%) had died, 3 after lesional resolution and 5 with recurrent disease. Biopsies revealed mixed lymphoid infiltrates composed of atypical CD30-positive T cells (n = 5) or B cells (n = 7) with variable EBV-encoded small RNA expression. These cases suggest clinicopathologic presentations resembling lymphomatoid papulosis with atypical, large CD30-positive, EBV-positive cells could comprise first sign of potentially serious immunodeficiency and should prompt evaluation for EBV viremia. These cases also broaden the current picture of immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders to include lymphomatoid papulosis-like clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Hooper
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tessa M LeWitt
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Cuong Nguyen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Teresa Griffin
- Visiting Predoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Christopher Chung
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaolong A Zhou
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joan Guitart
- Professor, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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41
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Bessaid M, Kwak JS, Kim KH. Generation of Recombinant Snakehead Rhabdovirus (SHRV) Expressing Artificial MicroRNA Targeting Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) P Gene and In Vivo Therapeutic Use Against SVCV Infection. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2023; 25:1076-1084. [PMID: 37861943 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a highly lethal virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and other cyprinid fish species. The aim of the present study was to develop an in vivo therapeutic measure against SVCV using artificial microRNA (AmiRNA) targeting the SVCV P gene transcript. Three candidates of AmiRNAs (AmiR-P1, -P2, and -P3) were selected, and their ability to downregulate SVCV P gene transcript was analyzed by both synthesized AmiRNA mimics and AmiRNA-expressing vector system, in which AmiR-P3 showed the strongest inhibitory activity among the three candidates. To overcome in vivo limitation of miRNA mimics or plasmid-based miRNA expression systems, we rescued recombinant snakehead rhabdoviruses (SHRVs) expressing SVCV P gene-targeting AmiRNA (rSHRV-AmiR-P3) or control AmiRNA (rSHRV-AmiR-C) using reverse genetic technology. The successful expression of AmiR-P3 and AmiR-C in cells infected with the rescued viruses was verified by quantitative PCR. To evaluate the availability of rSHRV-AmiR-P3 for in vivo control of SVCV, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were (i) infected with either rSHRV-AmiR-C or rSHRV-AmiR-P3 followed by SVCV infection or (ii) infected with SVCV followed by either rSHRV-AmiR-C or rSHRV-AmiR-P3 infection. Fish infected with rSHRVs before and after SVCV infection showed significantly higher survival rates than fish infected with SVCV alone. There was no significant difference in survival rates between groups of fish infected with rSHRV-AmiR-C and rSHRV-AmiR-P3 before SVCV infection; however, fish infected with SVCV followed by infection with rSHRV-AmiR-P3 showed significantly higher survival rates than fish infected with rSHRV-AmiR-C. These results suggest that rSHRV-AmiR-P3 has therapeutic potential against SVCV in fish when administered after SVCV infection, and rSHRVs expressing artificial microRNAs targeting SVCV transcripts could be used as a tool to control SVCV infection in fish for a therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Bessaid
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Jun Soung Kwak
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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42
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Radosavljevic V, Cuenca A, Wood G, Glisic D, Maksimovic-Zoric J, Stone D. Phylogenetic analysis of spring viraemia of carp virus isolated in Serbia. J Fish Dis 2023; 46:1343-1355. [PMID: 37635442 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the Rhabdovirus carpio or SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, within the Rhabdoviridae family. Phylogenetically, SVCV is divided into four genogroups (SVCV a, SVCV b, SVCV c and SVCV d), which have a reasonable correlation with the geographical distribution of the virus. In the late twentieth century, the disease was widespread in Serbian aquaculture and caused massive deaths in common carp. This study aimed to molecularly characterize the circulating SVCV isolates in Serbia over a 17-year period. The genetic relationships between 21 SVCV isolates from common carp and rainbow trout in Serbia between 1992 and 2009 were determined based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene (G gene). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant SVCV isolates in Serbia belong to the SVCV d genogroup, with only one isolate belonging to genogroup SVCV b. The SVCV strains circulating in Serbia exhibited high homogeneity, as several isolates shared 100% similarity within these genogroups. Most Serbian isolates belonged to SVCV d1 and d2 subgroups, with one isolate notably different and included in a new subgroup SVCV d5. Understanding the SVCV genetic variants circulating in Serbia would be helpful in future epizootic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Argelia Cuenca
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gareth Wood
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Dorset, UK
| | | | | | - David Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Dorset, UK
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43
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Coyle CR, Gicquelais RE, Genberg BL, Astemborski J, Falade-Nwulia O, Kirk GD, Thomas DL, Mehta SH. Temporal trends in HCV treatment uptake and success among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, MD since the introduction of direct acting antivirals. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:111007. [PMID: 38456165 PMCID: PMC10917145 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured by direct acting antivirals (DAA), uptake is not well characterized for people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Among 1,130 participants of a community-based cohort of PWID with chronic HCV, we longitudinally characterized HCV treatment uptake and cure early (2014-2016) and later (2017-2020). Results Cumulative HCV treatment uptake increased from 4% in 2014 to 68% in 2020 and the percent with HCV viremia declined from nearly 100% to 33%. Predictors of treatment uptake varied across periods. Age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per 5-year increase: 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 1.42), educational attainment (IRR for ≥ high school diploma: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.66), HIV coinfection with suppressed viral load (IRR vs. HIV negative: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.63, 2.66) and alcohol dependence (IRR vs. no alcohol use: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.91) were associated with treatment uptake in the early period, but not later. HIV coinfection with a detectable viral load (IRR vs. HIV negative: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95) and daily injecting (IRR: 0.46 vs. no injection; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.79) were significantly associated with lower treatment uptake later. Homelessness was associated with significantly reduced likelihood of viral clearance in the late DAA era (IRR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.88). Conclusion Treatment uptake improved substantially in this cohort of PWID in the first five years of DAA availability with commensurate declines in viremia. Additional efforts are needed to treat those actively injecting and unstably housed in order to realize elimination goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catelyn R. Coyle
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co, Inc, 351 N Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA 19454, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Gicquelais
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Becky L. Genberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - David L. Thomas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Shruti H. Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
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Watanabe D, Iida S, Hirota K, Ueji T, Matsumura T, Nishida Y, Uehira T, Katano H, Shirasaka T. Evaluation of human herpesvirus-8 viremia and antibody positivity in patients with HIV infection with human herpesvirus-8-related diseases. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29324. [PMID: 38103015 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) viremia is associated with refractory conditions in patients infected with HIV-1. Therefore, we evaluated the factors related to plasma HHV-8-DNA. Participants included patients infected with HIV-1 who visited our hospital. Plasma HHV-8-DNA levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and anti-HHV-8 antibodies were assessed through enzyme immunoassays using multiple antigens (K8.1, ORF59, ORF65, and LANA). Factors related to plasma HHV-8-DNA were examined using Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney U test. The study involved 36 patients infected with HIV-1, of whom 19 were histologically diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), two had multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and 15 did not exhibit HHV-8-related disease. Before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), plasma HHV-8-DNA was detected in 44% (7/16) of patients with KS and in 9% (1/11) of patients without HHV-8-related disease. Among patients with KS, elevated plasma HHV-8-DNA levels (≥0.05 copies/µL) correlated with the presence of CDC category C diseases other than KS (p = 0.0337), anti-HHV-8 antibody negativity (p = 0.0337), anemia (p = 0.0474), and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0146). Following ART initiation, the percentage of patients positive for plasma HHV-8-DNA decreased from 44% (7/16) to 6% (1/17), and the percentage of patients positive for anti-HHV-8 antibodies increased from 44% (7/16) to 88% (15/17). Finally, plasma HHV-8-DNA positivity and anti-HHV-8 antibody negativity were observed in two patients with MCD. Our findings suggest that insufficient production of anti-HHV-8 antibodies was associated with HHV-8 viremia, and that anti-HHV-8 antibody production was recovered with ART; thus, indicating the possibility of involvement of humoral immunity in suppressing HHV-8 viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Watanabe
- AIDS Medical Center, NHO Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for HIV Infection, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirota
- AIDS Medical Center, NHO Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueji
- AIDS Medical Center, NHO Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoko Uehira
- AIDS Medical Center, NHO Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Desai NM, Leung SG, Motter JD, Segev DL, Warren D, Durand CM. Two-Week Direct-Acting Antiviral Prophylaxis for Kidney Transplantation From Donors With Hepatitis C Viremia to Recipients Without Hepatitis C Viremia: A Small Uncontrolled Trial. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:1682-1684. [PMID: 38011702 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj M Desai
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sherry G Leung
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer D Motter
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery and Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Warren
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine M Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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46
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Cannon E, Ntala C, Joss N, Rahilly M, Metcalfe W, O'Donnell M, Phelan PJ. High grade urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplant patients with a history of BK viremia - Just a coincidence? Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e15113. [PMID: 37650442 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) have a three-to-four-fold increased risk of developing urothelial carcinoma (UC) compared to the general population. BK polyoma virus (BKV) infection is known to affect approximately 15% of KTR. In vitro models support a potential pathogenic role for BKV in the development of UC. We describe a series of UC in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS Electronic patient records were searched to identify KTR with UC who had undergone kidney only or simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in a single UK center between 2009 and 2015. Where available, stored pathological samples were retrieved, re-examined and stained for SV40 as a marker of BKV using standard staining protocols for kidney biopsy samples. RESULTS Fourteen KTR had developed UC post-transplant. Of these, 10 KTR had a history of BKV infection post-transplant. Six of these 10 KTR developed a rare micropapillary tumor subtype of UC which is typically only found in <1% of UC cases. All six micropapillary tumor samples stained positive for SV40, including samples from metastases. Three tumor samples were available from the four KTR with no history of BKV infection and were not micropapillary subtype and were negative for SV40. Three micropapillary tumors from immunocompetent patients were examined as controls and were negative for SV40. CONCLUSIONS These findings would support a pathogenic role for BK virus in the development of rare micropapillary subtype urothelial tumors in the kidney transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cannon
- The Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chara Ntala
- The Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Joss
- The Department of Renal Medicine, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - Maeve Rahilly
- The Department of Pathology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkaldy, Fife, UK
| | - Wendy Metcalfe
- The Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie O'Donnell
- The Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul J Phelan
- The Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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47
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Zumbrun EE, Garvey CB, Wells JB, Lynn GC, Van Tongeren S, Steffens JT, Wetzel KS, Gomba LM, O’Brien KA, Rossi FD, Zeng X, Lee ED, Raymond JLW, Hoffman DA, Jay AN, Brown ES, Kallgren PA, Norris SL, Cantey-Kiser J, Kudiya H, Arthur C, Blair C, Babusis D, Chu VC, Singh B, Bannister R, Porter DP, Cihlar T, Dye JM. Characterization of the Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Marburg Virus Disease and Assessment of Timing for Therapeutic Treatment Testing. Viruses 2023; 15:2335. [PMID: 38140576 PMCID: PMC10748006 DOI: 10.3390/v15122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe disease and high mortality in humans. The objective of this study was to characterize disease manifestations and pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques exposed to MARV. The results of this natural history study may be used to identify features of MARV disease useful in defining the ideal treatment initiation time for subsequent evaluations of investigational therapeutics using this model. Twelve cynomolgus macaques were exposed to a target dose of 1000 plaque-forming units MARV by the intramuscular route, and six control animals were mock-exposed. The primary endpoint of this study was survival to Day 28 post-inoculation (PI). Anesthesia events were minimized with the use of central venous catheters for periodic blood collection, and temperature and activity were continuously monitored by telemetry. All mock-exposed animals remained healthy for the duration of the study. All 12 MARV-exposed animals (100%) became infected, developed illness, and succumbed on Days 8-10 PI. On Day 4 PI, 11 of the 12 MARV-exposed animals had statistically significant temperature elevations over baseline. Clinically observable signs of MARV disease first appeared on Day 5 PI, when 6 of the 12 animals exhibited reduced responsiveness. Ultimately, systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and direct cytopathic effects of MARV all contributed to multiorgan dysfunction, organ failure, and death or euthanasia of all MARV-exposed animals. Manifestations of MARV disease, including fever, systemic viremia, lymphocytolysis, coagulopathy, and hepatocellular damage, could be used as triggers for initiation of treatment in future therapeutic efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Zumbrun
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Carly B. Garvey
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Jay B. Wells
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Ginger C. Lynn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Sean Van Tongeren
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Jesse T. Steffens
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Kelly S. Wetzel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Laura M. Gomba
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Kristan A. O’Brien
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Franco D. Rossi
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Eric D. Lee
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jo Lynne W. Raymond
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Diana A. Hoffman
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Alexandra N. Jay
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Brown
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Paul A. Kallgren
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Sarah L. Norris
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
| | | | - Humza Kudiya
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Chris Arthur
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Christiana Blair
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Darius Babusis
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Victor C. Chu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Bali Singh
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Roy Bannister
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Danielle P. Porter
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomas Cihlar
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (H.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (V.C.C.); (B.S.); (R.B.); (D.P.P.); (T.C.)
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.B.G.); (J.B.W.); (G.C.L.); (S.V.T.); (J.T.S.); (K.S.W.); (L.M.G.); (K.A.O.); (F.D.R.); (X.Z.); (E.D.L.); (J.L.W.R.); (D.A.H.); (A.N.J.); (E.S.B.); (P.A.K.); (S.L.N.); (J.M.D.)
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48
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Prasad AN, Agans KN, Geisbert JB, Borisevich V, Deer DJ, Dobias NS, Comer JE, Woolsey C, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW, Cross RW. Natural History of Nonhuman Primates After Oral Exposure to Ebola Virus Variant Makona. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S571-S581. [PMID: 37348509 PMCID: PMC10651204 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary route of infection by Ebola virus (EBOV) is through contact of mucosal surfaces. Few studies have explored infection of nonhuman primates (NHPs) via the oral mucosa, which is a probable portal of natural infection in humans. METHODS To further characterize the pathogenesis of EBOV infection via the oral exposure route, we challenged cohorts of cynomolgus monkeys with low doses of EBOV variant Makona. RESULTS Infection with 100 or 50 PFU of EBOV Makona via the oral route resulted in 50% and 83% lethality, respectively. Animals that progressed to fatal disease exhibited lymphopenia, marked coagulopathy, high viral loads, and increased levels of serum markers of inflammation and hepatic/renal injury. Survival in these cohorts was associated with milder fluctuations in leukocyte populations, lack of coagulopathy, and reduced or absent serum markers of inflammation and/or hepatic/renal function. Surprisingly, 2 surviving animals from the 100- and 50-PFU cohorts developed transient low-level viremia in the absence of other clinical signs of disease. Conversely, all animals in the 10 PFU cohort remained disease free and survived to the study end point. CONCLUSIONS Our observations highlight the susceptibility of NHPs, and by extension, likely humans, to relatively low doses of EBOV via the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie S Dobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason E Comer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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49
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Stein SR, Platt AP, Teague HL, Anthony SM, Reeder RJ, Cooper K, Byrum R, Drawbaugh DJ, Liu DX, Burdette TL, Hadley K, Barr B, Warner S, Rodriguez-Hernandez F, Johnson C, Stanek P, Hischak J, Kendall H, Huzella LM, Strich JR, Herbert R, St. Claire M, Vannella KM, Holbrook MR, Chertow DS. Clinical and Immunologic Correlates of Vasodilatory Shock Among Ebola Virus-Infected Nonhuman Primates in a Critical Care Model. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S635-S647. [PMID: 37652048 PMCID: PMC10651209 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing models of Ebola virus infection have not fully characterized the pathophysiology of shock in connection with daily virologic, clinical, and immunologic parameters. We implemented a nonhuman primate critical care model to investigate these associations. METHODS Two rhesus macaques received a target dose of 1000 plaque-forming units of Ebola virus intramuscularly with supportive care initiated on day 3. High-dimensional spectral cytometry was used to phenotype neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells daily. RESULTS We observed progressive vasodilatory shock with preserved cardiac function following viremia onset on day 5. Multiorgan dysfunction began on day 6 coincident with the nadir of circulating neutrophils. Consumptive coagulopathy and anemia occurred on days 7 to 8 along with irreversible shock, followed by death. The monocyte repertoire began shifting on day 4 with a decline in classical and expansion of double-negative monocytes. A selective loss of CXCR3-positive B and T cells, expansion of naive B cells, and activation of natural killer cells followed viremia onset. CONCLUSIONS Our model allows for high-fidelity characterization of the pathophysiology of acute Ebola virus infection with host innate and adaptive immune responses, which may advance host-targeted therapy design and evaluation for use after the onset of multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney R Stein
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Andrew P Platt
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Heather L Teague
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Rebecca J Reeder
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Kurt Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Russell Byrum
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - David J Drawbaugh
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Tracey L Burdette
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Kyra Hadley
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Bobbi Barr
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Seth Warner
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Cristal Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Phil Stanek
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Joseph Hischak
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Heather Kendall
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis M Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Jeffrey R Strich
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Richard Herbert
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa St. Claire
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center
- Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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50
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Zhu H, Wei L, Liu X, Liu S, Chen H, Chen P, Li X, Qian P. Pathogenicity Studies of NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus LNSY-GY and NADC30-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GXGG-8011 in Piglets. Viruses 2023; 15:2247. [PMID: 38005924 PMCID: PMC10674415 DOI: 10.3390/v15112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry. The U.S., China, and Peru have reported NADC30-like or NADC34-like PRRSV-infected piglets, which have been identified as the cause of a significant number of abortions in clinics. Although the pathogenicity of NADC30-like PRRSV and NADC34-like PRRSV in piglets exhibits significant variability globally, studies on their pathogenicity in China are limited. In this study, the animal experiments showed that within 8-14 days post-infection, both piglets infected with NADC30-like PRRSV GXGG-8011 and those infected with NADC34-like PRRSV LNSY-GY exhibited significant weight loss compared to the control piglets. Additionally, the viremia of the LNSY-GY persisted for 28 days, while the viremia of piglets infected with the GXGG-8011 lasted for 17 days. Similarly, the duration of viral shedding through the fecal-oral route after the LNSY-GY infection was longer than that observed after the GXGG-8011 infection. Furthermore, post-infection, both the LNSY-GY and GXGG-8011 led to pronounced histopathological lesions in the lungs of piglets, including interstitial pneumonia and notable viral colonization. However, the antibody production in the LNSY-GY-infected group occurred earlier than that in the GXGG-8011-infected group. Our research findings indicate that LNSY-GY is a mildly pathogenic strain in piglets, whereas we speculate that the GXGG-8011 might be a highly pathogenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liuqing Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangzu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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