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Broderick C, Cliff JM, Lee JS, Kaforou M, Moore DA. Host transcriptional response to TB preventive therapy differentiates two sub-groups of IGRA-positive individuals. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102033. [PMID: 33524936 PMCID: PMC7985621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that individuals with immunological sensitisation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), conventionally regarded as evidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), would demonstrate binary responses to preventive therapy (PT), reflecting the differential immunological consequences of the sterilisation of viable infection in those with active Mtb infection versus no Mtb killing in those who did not harbour viable bacilli. We investigated longitudinal whole blood transcriptional profile responses to PT of Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)-positive tuberculosis contacts and IGRA-negative, tuberculosis-unexposed controls. Longitudinal unsupervised clustering analysis with a subset of 474 most variable genes in antigen-stimulated blood separated the IGRA-positive participants into two distinct subgroups, one of which clustered with the IGRA-negative controls. 117 probes were differentially expressed over time between the two cluster groups, many of them associated with immunological pathways important in mycobacterial control. We contend that the differential host RNA response reflects lack of Mtb viability in the group that clustered with the IGRA-negative unexposed controls, and Mtb viability in the group (1/3 of IGRA-positives) that clustered away. Gene expression patterns in the blood of IGRA-positive individuals emerging during the course of PT, which reflect Mtb viability, could have major implications in the identification of risk of progression, treatment stratification and biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Broderick
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Section for Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Jacqueline M Cliff
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Section for Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - David Aj Moore
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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52
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Baguma R, Mbandi SK, Rodo MJ, Erasmus M, Day J, Makhethe L, de Kock M, van Rooyen M, Stone L, Bilek N, Steyn M, Africa H, Darboe F, Chegou NN, Tromp G, Walzl G, Hatherill M, Penn-Nicholson A, Scriba TJ. Inflammatory Determinants of Differential Tuberculosis Risk in Pre-Adolescent Children and Young Adults. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639965. [PMID: 33717192 PMCID: PMC7947716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of progression from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease varies markedly with age. TB disease is significantly less likely in pre-adolescent children above 4 years of age than in very young children or post-pubescent adolescents and young adults. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory responses to M.tb in pre-adolescent children are either less pronounced or more regulated, than in young adults. Inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators, measured by microfluidic RT-qPCR and protein bead arrays, or by analyzing published microarray data from TB patients and controls, were compared in pre-adolescent children and adults. Multivariate analysis revealed that M.tb-uninfected 8-year-old children had lower levels of myeloid-associated pro-inflammatory mediators than uninfected 18-year-old young adults. Relative to uninfected children, those with M.tb-infection had higher levels of similar myeloid inflammatory responses. These inflammatory mediators were also expressed after in vitro stimulation of whole blood from uninfected children with live M.tb. Our findings suggest that myeloid inflammation is intrinsically lower in pre-pubescent children than in young adults. The lower or more regulated pro-inflammatory responses may play a role in the lower risk of TB disease in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baguma
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel J. Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Day
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marwou de Kock
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele van Rooyen
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lynnett Stone
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcia Steyn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hadn Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Novel N. Chegou
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerard Tromp
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Orgeur M, Frigui W, Pawlik A, Clark S, Williams A, Ates LS, Ma L, Bouchier C, Parkhill J, Brodin P, Brosch R. Pathogenomic analyses of Mycobacterium microti, an ESX-1-deleted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causing disease in various hosts. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000505. [PMID: 33529148 PMCID: PMC8208694 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium microti is an animal-adapted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which was originally isolated from voles, but has more recently also been isolated from other selected mammalian hosts, including occasionally from humans. Here, we have generated and analysed the complete genome sequences of five representative vole and clinical M. microti isolates using PacBio- and Illumina-based technologies, and have tested their virulence and vaccine potential in SCID (severe combined immune deficient) mouse and/or guinea pig infection models. We show that the clinical isolates studied here cluster separately in the phylogenetic tree from vole isolates and other clades from publicly available M. microti genome sequences. These data also confirm that the vole and clinical M. microti isolates were all lacking the specific RD1mic region, which in other tubercle bacilli encodes the ESX-1 type VII secretion system. Biochemical analysis further revealed marked phenotypic differences between isolates in type VII-mediated secretion of selected PE and PPE proteins, which in part were attributed to specific genetic polymorphisms. Infection experiments in the highly susceptible SCID mouse model showed that the clinical isolates were significantly more virulent than the tested vole isolates, but still much less virulent than the M. tuberculosis H37Rv control strain. The strong attenuation of the ATCC 35872 vole isolate in immunocompromised mice, even compared to the attenuated BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, and its historic use in human vaccine trials encouraged us to test this strain's vaccine potential in a guinea pig model, where it demonstrated similar protective efficacy as a BCG control, making it a strong candidate for vaccination of immunocompromised individuals in whom BCG vaccination is contra-indicated. Overall, we provide new insights into the genomic and phenotypic variabilities and particularities of members of an understudied clade of the MTBC, which all share a recent common ancestor that is characterized by the deletion of the RD1mic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Orgeur
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
| | - Wafa Frigui
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
| | - Simon Clark
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Ann Williams
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Louis S. Ates
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laurence Ma
- Institut Pasteur, Biomics, C2RT, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Priscille Brodin
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université de Lille/CNRS UMR 9017/INSERM U1019/CHU Lille/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France
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54
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Yang H, Chen J, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Ge B, Hong L. Sirt1 activation negatively regulates overt apoptosis in Mtb-infected macrophage through Bax. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107283. [PMID: 33373810 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic pathways play an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. Sirt1 is a member of the deacetylase family that is known to promote apoptosis resistance in many mammalian cells. However, the apoptotic role of Sirt1 in the process of M. tuberculosis infection remains unclear. With the help of mouse macrophage samples, 129/Sv background mice, and PBMCs-derived macrophages from healthy controls and patients with tuberculosis, we have shown that M. tuberculosis infection reduced Sirt1 mRNA and protein expression, however, increased Bax mRNA and protein expression. Further, we found that resveratrol, a Sirt1 activator, inhibited M. tuberculosis-induced Bax expression. Thus, it seems that Sirt1 acts as a novel regulator of apoptosis signaling in M. tuberculosis infection via its effects on Bax. Sirt1 activation may therefore be a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanghaoyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China.
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55
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Kinsella RL, Zhu DX, Harrison GA, Mayer Bridwell AE, Prusa J, Chavez SM, Stallings CL. Perspectives and Advances in the Understanding of Tuberculosis. Annu Rev Pathol 2021; 16:377-408. [PMID: 33497258 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042120-032916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a leading cause of death due to infection in humans. To more effectively combat this pandemic, many aspects of TB control must be developed, including better point of care diagnostics, shorter and safer drug regimens, and a protective vaccine. To address all these areas of need, better understanding of the pathogen, host responses, and clinical manifestations of the disease is required. Recently, the application of cutting-edge technologies to the study of Mtb pathogenesis has resulted in significant advances in basic biology, vaccine development, and antibiotic discovery. This leaves us in an exciting era of Mtb research in which our understanding of this deadly infection is improving at a faster rate than ever, and renews hope in our fight to end TB. In this review, we reflect on what is known regarding Mtb pathogenesis, highlighting recent breakthroughs that will provide leverage for the next leaps forward in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Kinsella
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Dennis X Zhu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Gregory A Harrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Anne E Mayer Bridwell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Jerome Prusa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Sthefany M Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
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56
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Dijkman K, Aguilo N, Boot C, Hofman SO, Sombroek CC, Vervenne RA, Kocken CH, Marinova D, Thole J, Rodríguez E, Vierboom MP, Haanstra KG, Puentes E, Martin C, Verreck FA. Pulmonary MTBVAC vaccination induces immune signatures previously correlated with prevention of tuberculosis infection. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100187. [PMID: 33521701 PMCID: PMC7817873 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To fight tuberculosis, better vaccination strategies are needed. Live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived vaccine, MTBVAC, is a promising candidate in the pipeline, proven to be safe and immunogenic in humans so far. Independent studies have shown that pulmonary mucosal delivery of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only tuberculosis (TB) vaccine available today, confers superior protection over standard intradermal immunization. Here we demonstrate that mucosal MTBVAC is well tolerated, eliciting polyfunctional T helper type 17 cells, interleukin-10, and immunoglobulins in the airway and yielding a broader antigenic profile than BCG in rhesus macaques. Beyond our previous work, we show that local immunoglobulins, induced by MTBVAC and BCG, bind to M. tuberculosis and enhance pathogen uptake. Furthermore, after pulmonary vaccination, but not M. tuberculosis infection, local T cells expressed high levels of mucosal homing and tissue residency markers. Our data show that pulmonary MTBVAC administration has the potential to enhance its efficacy and justifies further exploration of mucosal vaccination strategies in preclinical efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Nacho Aguilo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charelle Boot
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Sam O. Hofman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Dessislava Marinova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jelle Thole
- TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative (TBVI), Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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57
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Vierboom MP, Dijkman K, Sombroek CC, Hofman SO, Boot C, Vervenne RA, Haanstra KG, van der Sande M, van Emst L, Domínguez-Andrés J, Moorlag SJ, Kocken CH, Thole J, Rodríguez E, Puentes E, Martens JH, van Crevel R, Netea MG, Aguilo N, Martin C, Verreck FA. Stronger induction of trained immunity by mucosal BCG or MTBVAC vaccination compared to standard intradermal vaccination. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100185. [PMID: 33521699 PMCID: PMC7817864 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BCG vaccination can strengthen protection against pathogens through the induction of epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells, a process called trained immunity. We and others recently demonstrated that mucosal or intravenous BCG better protects rhesus macaques from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease than standard intradermal vaccination, correlating with local adaptive immune signatures. In line with prior mouse data, here, we show in rhesus macaques that intravenous BCG enhances innate cytokine production associated with changes in H3K27 acetylation typical of trained immunity. Alternative delivery of BCG does not alter the cytokine production of unfractionated bronchial lavage cells. However, mucosal but not intradermal vaccination, either with BCG or the M. tuberculosis-derived candidate MTBVAC, enhances innate cytokine production by blood- and bone marrow-derived monocytes associated with metabolic rewiring, typical of trained immunity. These results provide support to strategies for improving TB vaccination and, more broadly, modulating innate immunity via mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sam O. Hofman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Charelle Boot
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maarten van der Sande
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jelle Thole
- TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joost H.A. Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mihai G. Netea
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nacho Aguilo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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58
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Plumlee CR, Duffy FJ, Gern BH, Delahaye JL, Cohen SB, Stoltzfus CR, Rustad TR, Hansen SG, Axthelm MK, Picker LJ, Aitchison JD, Sherman DR, Ganusov VV, Gerner MY, Zak DE, Urdahl KB. Ultra-low Dose Aerosol Infection of Mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis More Closely Models Human Tuberculosis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:68-82.e5. [PMID: 33142108 PMCID: PMC7854984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a heterogeneous disease manifesting in a subset of individuals infected with aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Unlike human TB, murine infection results in uniformly high lung bacterial burdens and poorly organized granulomas. To develop a TB model that more closely resembles human disease, we infected mice with an ultra-low dose (ULD) of between 1-3 founding bacteria, reflecting a physiologic inoculum. ULD-infected mice exhibited highly heterogeneous bacterial burdens, well-circumscribed granulomas that shared features with human granulomas, and prolonged Mtb containment with unilateral pulmonary infection in some mice. We identified blood RNA signatures in mice infected with an ULD or a conventional Mtb dose (50-100 CFU) that correlated with lung bacterial burdens and predicted Mtb infection outcomes across species, including risk of progression to active TB in humans. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of the murine TB model and show that ULD infection recapitulates key features of human TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Plumlee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fergal J Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Benjamin H Gern
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jared L Delahaye
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sara B Cohen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Caleb R Stoltzfus
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tige R Rustad
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David R Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michael Y Gerner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel E Zak
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin B Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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59
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Liu K, Hong D, Zhang F, Li X, He M, Han X, Zhang G, Xu G, Stonehouse NJ, Jiang Z, An W, Guo L. MicroRNA-106a Inhibits Autophagy Process and Antimicrobial Responses by Targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 During Mycobacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610021. [PMID: 33505399 PMCID: PMC7832394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a key element of innate immune response against invading pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating host antimicrobial responses against M. tuberculosis have gained widespread attention. However, the process by which miRNAs specifically influence antibacterial autophagy during mycobacterial infection is largely uncharacterized. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of miR-106a in regulating macrophage autophagy against M. tuberculosis. H37Ra infection leads to downregulation of miR-106a in a time- and dose-dependent manner and concomitant upregulation of its three targets (ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1) in THP-1 macrophages. MiR-106a could inhibit autophagy activation and antimicrobial responses to M. tuberculosis by targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1. Overexpression of miR-106a dramatically inhibited H37Ra-induced activation of autophagy in human THP-1 macrophages, whereas inhibitors of miR-106a remarkably promoted H37Ra-induced autophagy. The inhibitory effect of miR-106a on autophagy process during mycobacterial infection was also confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation. More importantly, forced expression of miR-106a increased mycobacterial survival, while transfection with miR-106a inhibitors attenuated the survival of intracellular mycobacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrated that miR-106a functioned as a negative regulator in autophagy and antimicrobial effects by targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 during M. tuberculosis infection, which may provide a potential target for developing diagnostic reagents or antibacterials against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dantong Hong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuebo Han
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Nicola J. Stonehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongjia Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Weijun An
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Qin ZZ, Naheyan T, Ruhwald M, Denkinger CM, Gelaw S, Nash M, Creswell J, Kik SV. A new resource on artificial intelligence powered computer automated detection software products for tuberculosis programmes and implementers. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102049. [PMID: 33440315 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the number of artificial intelligence powered computer-aided detection (CAD) products that detect tuberculosis (TB)-related abnormalities from chest X-rays (CXR) available on the market has increased. Although CXR is a relatively effective and inexpensive method for TB screening and triaging, a shortage of skilled radiologists in many high TB-burden countries limits its use. CAD technology offers a solution to this problem. Before adopting a CAD product, TB programmes need to consider not only the diagnostic accuracy but also implementation-relevant features including operational characteristics, deployment mechanism, input and machine compatibility, output format, options for integration into the legacy system, costs, data sharing and privacy aspects, and certification. A landscaping analysis was conducted to collect this information among CAD developers known to have or soon to have a TB product. The responses were reviewed and finalized with the developers, and are published on an open-access website: www.ai4hlth.org. CAD products are constantly being improved and the site will continuously be updated to account for updates and new products. This unique online resource aims to inform the TB community about available CAD tools, their features and set-up procedures, to enable TB programmes to identify the most suitable product to incorporate in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhen Qin
- Stop TB Partnership, Chemin Du Pommier 40, Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, 1218, Switzerland.
| | - Tasneem Naheyan
- Stop TB Partnership, Chemin Du Pommier 40, Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, 1218, Switzerland
| | - Morten Ruhwald
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Chemin des Mines, Geneva, 1201, Switzerland
| | - Claudia M Denkinger
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Chemin des Mines, Geneva, 1201, Switzerland; Division of Tropical Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Sifrash Gelaw
- International Organization for Migration, Global Teleradiology and QC Center, Migration Health Division, Manila (Global) Administrative Center, 24F Citibank Tower, 8741 Paseo de Roxas, Makati City, Metro Manila, 1226, Philippines
| | - Madlen Nash
- McGill International TB Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jacob Creswell
- Stop TB Partnership, Chemin Du Pommier 40, Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, 1218, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vivian Kik
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Chemin des Mines, Geneva, 1201, Switzerland.
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Mousquer GT, Peres A, Fiegenbaum M. Pathology of TB/COVID-19 Co-Infection: The phantom menace. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 126:102020. [PMID: 33246269 PMCID: PMC7669479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently the two main causes of death among infectious diseases. There is an increasing number of studies trying to elucidate the interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. Some of the first case reports point to a worsening of respiratory symptoms in co-infected TB/COVID-19 individuals. However, data from the cohort studies has shown some conflicting results. This study proposes to conduct a systematic review on the current literature on TB/COVID-19 co-infection cohorts, evaluating clinical and epidemiological data, focusing on its implications to the immune system. From an immunological perspective, the TB/COVID-19 co-infection has the potential to converge in a "perfect storm". The disorders induced by each pathogen to the immunomodulation tend to induce an unbalanced inflammatory response, which can promote the progression and worsening of both diseases. Understanding the nature of the interactions between M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 will be crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies against co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tassi Mousquer
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Basic Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Basic Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Abstract
The utility of fluorescent proteins in bacterial research has long been appreciated, with extensive use in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis field. In more recent years, a new generation of fluorescent tools has been developed for use in M. tuberculosis research. These new fluorescent reporters exploit the immense genetic and transcriptional knowledge now available, and enable the use of the bacteria as direct reporters of the local environment during infection, as well as provide insight into bacterial replication status in situ. Here we describe methods for the construction of such fluorescent reporter M. tuberculosis strains, and their use in combination with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry approaches for single bacterium-level analyses of M. tuberculosis physiology and M. tuberculosis-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giacalone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, originally experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, is the well-known animal model of multiple sclerosis, an immune- mediated, demyelinating, inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system. The experimental disease is widely utilized to test new therapies in preclinical studies, to investigate new hypothesis on the possible pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune reaction directed against the central nervous system or more generally to investigate the interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system that lead to neuroinflammation. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis may be induced following different protocols in mammals, including nonhuman primates, and autoreactive CD4+ T-lymphocytes directed against myelin antigens are the main factors. Here, after introducing the model, we describe the protocol to induce active EAE in inbred mice, we report on a table the different clinical courses of EAE depending on the combination of antigen /mouse strain and we provide indications on how to evaluate the clinics and pathology of this induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ballerini
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Lara-Espinosa JV, Santana-Martínez RA, Maldonado PD, Zetter M, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pérez-Sánchez G, Pavón L, Mata-Espinosa D, Barrios-Payán J, López-Torres MO, Marquina-Castillo B, Hernández-Pando R. Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Absence of Detectable Brain Infection Induces Neuroinflammation and Behavioural Abnormalities in Male BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249483. [PMID: 33322180 PMCID: PMC7763936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease in which prolonged, non-resolutive inflammation of the lung may lead to metabolic and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Previous studies have reported that individuals coursing pulmonary TB experience cognitive or behavioural changes; however, the pathogenic substrate of such manifestations have remained unknown. Here, using a mouse model of progressive pulmonary TB, we report that, even in the absence of brain infection, TB is associated with marked increased synthesis of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in discrete brain areas such as the hypothalamus, the hippocampal formation and cerebellum accompanied by substantial changes in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, histopathological findings of neurodegeneration and neuronal death were found as infection progressed with activation of p38, JNK and reduction in the BDNF levels. Finally, we perform behavioural analysis in infected mice throughout the infection, and our data show that the cytokine and neurochemical changes were associated with a marked onset of cognitive impairment as well as depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour. Altogether, our results suggest that besides pulmonary damage, TB is accompanied by an extensive neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative state which explains some of the behavioural abnormalities found in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline V. Lara-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
| | - Ricardo A. Santana-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico;
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, CDMX 14269, Mexico;
| | - Mario Zetter
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Departamento de Psicoinmunologia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente, CDMX 14370, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (G.P.-S.); (L.P.)
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Psicoinmunologia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente, CDMX 14370, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (G.P.-S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Departamento de Psicoinmunologia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente, CDMX 14370, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (G.P.-S.); (L.P.)
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
| | - Manuel O. López-Torres
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX 14080, Mexico; (J.V.L.-E.); (M.Z.); (D.M.-E.); (J.B.-P.); (M.O.L.-T.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
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Kitonsa PJ, Nalutaaya A, Mukiibi J, Nakasolya O, Isooba D, Kamoga C, Baik Y, Robsky K, Dowdy DW, Katamba A, Kendall EA. Evaluation of underweight status may improve identification of the highest-risk patients during outpatient evaluation for pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243542. [PMID: 33306710 PMCID: PMC7732099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When evaluating symptomatic patients for tuberculosis (TB) without access to same-day diagnostic test results, clinicians often make empiric decisions about starting treatment. The number of TB symptoms and/or underweight status could help identify patients at highest risk for a positive result. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of BMI assessment and a count of characteristic TB symptoms for identifying patients at highest risk for TB. METHODS We enrolled adult patients receiving pulmonary TB diagnoses and a representative sample with negative TB evaluations at four outpatient health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. We asked patients about symptoms of chronic cough, night sweats, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, or weight loss; measured height and weight; and collected sputum for mycobacterial culture. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy (for culture-positive TB) of two simple scoring systems: (a) number of TB symptoms, and (b) number of TB symptoms plus one or more additional points for underweight status (body mass index [BMI] ≤ 18.5 kg/m2). RESULTS We included 121 patients with culture-positive TB and 370 patients with negative culture results (44 of whom had been recommended for TB treatment by evaluating clinicians). Of the six symptoms assessed, the median number of symptoms that patients reported was two (interquartile range [IQR]: 1, 3). The median BMI was 20.9 kg/m2 (IQR: 18.6, 24.0), and 118 (24%) patients were underweight. Counting the number of symptoms provided an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (c-statistic) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.72, 0.81) for identifying culture-positive TB; adding two points for underweight status increased the c-statistic to 0.81 (95%CI: 0.76, 0.85). A cutoff of ≥3 symptoms had sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 74%, whereas a score of ≥4 on the combined score (≥2 symptoms if underweight, ≥4 symptoms if not underweight) gave higher sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 81% respectively. A sensitivity analysis defining TB by Xpert MTB/RIF status produced similar results. CONCLUSION A count of patients' TB symptoms may be useful in clinical decision-making about TB diagnosis. Consideration of underweight status adds additional diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Kitonsa
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Annet Nalutaaya
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Mukiibi
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olga Nakasolya
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Isooba
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Caleb Kamoga
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yeonsoo Baik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States America
| | - Katherine Robsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States America
| | - David W. Dowdy
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States America
| | - Achilles Katamba
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Upper Mulago Hill, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emily A. Kendall
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Tapela K, Ochieng’ Olwal C, Quaye O. Parallels in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis: a synergistic or antagonistic alliance? Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1691-1695. [PMID: 33404259 PMCID: PMC7789731 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Ochieng’ Olwal
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Gupta RK, Calderwood CJ, Yavlinsky A, Krutikov M, Quartagno M, Aichelburg MC, Altet N, Diel R, Dobler CC, Dominguez J, Doyle JS, Erkens C, Geis S, Haldar P, Hauri AM, Hermansen T, Johnston JC, Lange C, Lange B, van Leth F, Muñoz L, Roder C, Romanowski K, Roth D, Sester M, Sloot R, Sotgiu G, Woltmann G, Yoshiyama T, Zellweger JP, Zenner D, Aldridge RW, Copas A, Rangaka MX, Lipman M, Noursadeghi M, Abubakar I. Discovery and validation of a personalized risk predictor for incident tuberculosis in low transmission settings. Nat Med 2020; 26:1941-1949. [PMID: 33077958 PMCID: PMC7614810 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The risk of tuberculosis (TB) is variable among individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but validated estimates of personalized risk are lacking. In pooled data from 18 systematically identified cohort studies from 20 countries, including 80,468 individuals tested for LTBI, 5-year cumulative incident TB risk among people with untreated LTBI was 15.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 8.0-29.2%) among child contacts, 4.8% (95% CI, 3.0-7.7%) among adult contacts, 5.0% (95% CI, 1.6-14.5%) among migrants and 4.8% (95% CI, 1.5-14.3%) among immunocompromised groups. We confirmed highly variable estimates within risk groups, necessitating an individualized approach to risk stratification. Therefore, we developed a personalized risk predictor for incident TB (PERISKOPE-TB) that combines a quantitative measure of T cell sensitization and clinical covariates. Internal-external cross-validation of the model demonstrated a random effects meta-analysis C-statistic of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.93) for incident TB. In decision curve analysis, the model demonstrated clinical utility for targeting preventative treatment, compared to treating all, or no, people with LTBI. We challenge the current crude approach to TB risk estimation among people with LTBI in favor of our evidence-based and patient-centered method, in settings aiming for pre-elimination worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Gupta
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexei Yavlinsky
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Krutikov
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Quartagno
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Neus Altet
- Unitat de Tuberculosis, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de TDO de la Tuberculosis 'Servicios Clínicos', Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roland Diel
- Institute for Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Claudia C Dobler
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jose Dominguez
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph S Doyle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Connie Erkens
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Geis
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pranabashis Haldar
- Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Thomas Hermansen
- International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James C Johnston
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Clinical Tuberculosis Center, Borstel, Germany
- Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBnet), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank van Leth
- Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBnet), Borstel, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine Roder
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kamila Romanowski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Roth
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martina Sester
- Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBnet), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rosa Sloot
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBnet), Borstel, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Uniiversity of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gerrit Woltmann
- Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Zellweger
- Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBnet), Borstel, Germany
- Swiss Lung Association, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zenner
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Molebogeng X Rangaka
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Lipman
- UCL-TB and UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Srilohasin P, Prammananan T, Faksri K, Phelan JE, Suriyaphol P, Kamolwat P, Smithtikarn S, Disratthakit A, Regmi SM, Leechawengwongs M, Twee-Hee Ong R, Teo YY, Tongsima S, Clark TG, Chaiprasert A. Genomic evidence supporting the clonal expansion of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria belonging to a rare proto -Beijing genotype. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2632-2641. [PMID: 33205698 PMCID: PMC7738298 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1852891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis disease (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major public health issue in Thailand. The high prevalence of modern Beijing (Lineage 2.2.1) strains has been associated with multi- and extensively drug-resistant infections (MDR-, XDR-TB), complicating disease control. The impact of rarer proto-Beijing (L2.1) strains is less clear. In our study of thirty-seven L2.1 clinical isolates spanning thirteen years, we found a high prevalence of XDR-TB cases (32.4%). With ≤ 12 pairwise SNP distances, 43.2% of L2.1 patients belong to MDR-TB or XDR-TB transmission clusters suggesting a high level of clonal expansion across four Thai provinces. All XDR-TB (100%) were likely due to transmission rather than inadequate treatment. We found a 47 mutation signature and a partial deletion of the fadD14 gene in the circulating XDR-TB cluster, which can be used for surveillance of this rare and resilient M. tuberculosis strain-type that is causing increasing health burden. We also detected three novel deletion positions, a deletion of 1285 bp within desA3 (Rv3230c), large deletions in the plcB, plcA, and ppe38 gene which may play a role in the virulence, pathogenesis or evolution of the L2.1 strain-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Srilohasin
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Fund, Siriraj Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Therdsak Prammananan
- Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Fund, Siriraj Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jody E. Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Prapat Suriyaphol
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Group and Research Network Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phalin Kamolwat
- Bureau of Tuberculosis, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saijai Smithtikarn
- Bureau of Tuberculosis, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areeya Disratthakit
- Bureau of Tuberculosis, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sanjib Mani Regmi
- Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Manoon Leechawengwongs
- Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Fund, Siriraj Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Vichaiyut Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rick Twee-Hee Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Taane G. Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Angkana Chaiprasert
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Fund, Siriraj Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
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Campaniço A, Harjivan SG, Warner DF, Moreira R, Lopes F. Addressing Latent Tuberculosis: New Advances in Mimicking the Disease, Discovering Key Targets, and Designing Hit Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228854. [PMID: 33238468 PMCID: PMC7700174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being discovered and isolated more than one hundred years ago, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health concern arch. Our inability to eradicate this bacillus is strongly related with the growing resistance, low compliance to current drugs, and the capacity of the bacteria to coexist in a state of asymptomatic latency. This last state can be sustained for years or even decades, waiting for a breach in the immune system to become active again. Furthermore, most current therapies are not efficacious against this state, failing to completely clear the infection. Over the years, a series of experimental methods have been developed to mimic the latent state, currently used in drug discovery, both in vitro and in vivo. Most of these methods focus in one specific latency inducing factor, with only a few taking into consideration the complexity of the granuloma and the genomic and proteomic consequences of each physiological factor. A series of targets specifically involved in latency have been studied over the years with promising scaffolds being discovered and explored. Taking in account that solving the latency problem is one of the keys to eradicate the disease, herein we compile current therapies and diagnosis techniques, methods to mimic latency and new targets and compounds in the pipeline of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Campaniço
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Shrika G. Harjivan
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
- Department of Pathology, SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Welcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Francisca Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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70
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Bartlett S, Gemiarto AT, Ngo MD, Sajiir H, Hailu S, Sinha R, Foo CX, Kleynhans L, Tshivhula H, Webber T, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, West NP, Hiemstra AM, MacDonald CE, Christensen LVV, Schlesinger LS, Walzl G, Rosenkilde MM, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Ronacher K. GPR183 Regulates Interferons, Autophagy, and Bacterial Growth During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Is Associated With TB Disease Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601534. [PMID: 33240287 PMCID: PMC7677584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized cholesterols have emerged as important signaling molecules of immune function, but little is known about the role of these oxysterols during mycobacterial infections. We found that expression of the oxysterol-receptor GPR183 was reduced in blood from patients with tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to TB patients without T2D and was associated with TB disease severity on chest x-ray. GPR183 activation by 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) reduced growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis BCG in primary human monocytes, an effect abrogated by the GPR183 antagonist GSK682753. Growth inhibition was associated with reduced IFN-β and IL-10 expression and enhanced autophagy. Mice lacking GPR183 had significantly increased lung Mtb burden and dysregulated IFNs during early infection. Together, our data demonstrate that GPR183 is an important regulator of intracellular mycobacterial growth and interferons during mycobacterial infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Bacterial Load
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Interferons/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium bovis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium bovis/pathogenicity
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian Tandhyka Gemiarto
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Minh Dao Ngo
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Haressh Sajiir
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Semira Hailu
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roma Sinha
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cheng Xiang Foo
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Happy Tshivhula
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tariq Webber
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andriette M. Hiemstra
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice E. MacDonald
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogens Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Katharina Ronacher
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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71
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Reedoy KS, Loots DT, Beukes D, Reenen MV, Pillay B, Pillay M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) is associated with significant host metabolic pathways in an A549 epithelial cell infection model and contributes to the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Metabolomics 2020; 16:116. [PMID: 33084984 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A clear understanding of the metabolome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its target host cell during infection is fundamental for the development of novel diagnostic tools, effective drugs and vaccines required to combat tuberculosis. The surface-located Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) adhesin forms initial contact with the host cell and is therefore important for the establishment of infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to determine the role of MTP in modulating pathogen and host metabolic pathways in A549 epithelial cells infected with MTP proficient and deficient strains of M. tuberculosis. METHODS Uninfected A549 epithelial cells, and those infected with M. tuberculosis V9124 wild-type strain, Δmtp and the mtp-complemented strains, were subjected to metabolite extraction, two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) and bioinformatic analyses. Univariate and multivariate statistical tests were used to identify metabolites that were significantly differentially produced in the WT-infected and ∆mtp-infected A549 epithelial cell models, comparatively. RESULTS A total of 46 metabolites occurred in significantly lower relative concentrations in the Δmtp-infected cells, indicating a reduction in nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and peptidoglycan, compared to those cells infected with the WT strain. CONCLUSION The absence of MTP was associated with significant changes to the host metabolome, suggesting that this adhesin is an important contributor to the pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis, and supports previous findings of its potential as a suitable drug, vaccine and diagnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Reedoy
- Medical Microbiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor, Congella, Private Bag 7, Durban, 4013, South Africa
| | - D T Loots
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - D Beukes
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - M van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - B Pillay
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - M Pillay
- Medical Microbiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor, Congella, Private Bag 7, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
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72
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Merid MW, Muluneh AG, Yenit MK, Kassa GM. Treatment interruption and associated factors among patients registered on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: 2010-2017. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240564. [PMID: 33052983 PMCID: PMC7556470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a rising threat of the TB control program caused mainly by treatment interruption in Ethiopia. The success of the current treatment regimen for DR-TB is poor partly due to a high treatment interruption rate. Thus, this study assessed treatment interruption and associated factors among DR-TB patients. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 550 DR-TB patients who have initiated treatment from September 2010 to December 2017. Data were entered using Epi Data version 4.200 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. A bi-variable logistic regression model was first fitted, and variables having a p-value < 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios (COR and AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the strength of association between the treatment interruption and independent variables. Variables with p-value <0.05 in the multi-variable model were considered as statistically significant predictors of treatment interruption. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of treatment interruption among patients registered on DR-TB treatment was 14.55% (95% CI: 11.83, 17.76). Of the interrupters, the treatment interruption during the intensive and continuation phase of treatment was reported as 45% and 71.25%, respectively. Similarly, about 15% of patients had treatment interruption both during the intensive and continuation phase of treatment. The average duration of treatment interruption was 12 (±2.03 SD) and 6 (±1.2 SD) days during the intensive and continuation phase of treatment, respectively. Patients who had no treatment supporter [AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23-3.66] and developed adverse drug events [AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.22-2.85] were statistically significant predictors of treatment interruption. CONCLUSIONS Treatment interruption was low in the study setting. The presence of treatment supporter and absence of drug side effects was significantly associated with decreased occurrence of treatment interruption. Thus, patient linkage to treatment supporter and excellent pharmacovigilance are highly recommended in the study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehari Woldemariam Merid
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Atalay Goshu Muluneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Kindie Yenit
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Molla Kassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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73
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Huang H, Wang C, Rubelt F, Scriba TJ, Davis MM. Analyzing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune response by T-cell receptor clustering with GLIPH2 and genome-wide antigen screening. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:1194-1202. [PMID: 32341563 PMCID: PMC7541396 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are critical to fighting pathogens, but a comprehensive analysis of human T-cell specificities is hindered by the diversity of HLA alleles (>20,000) and the complexity of many pathogen genomes. We previously described GLIPH, an algorithm to cluster T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize the same epitope and to predict their HLA restriction, but this method loses efficiency and accuracy when >10,000 TCRs are analyzed. Here we describe an improved algorithm, GLIPH2, that can process millions of TCR sequences. We used GLIPH2 to analyze 19,044 unique TCRβ sequences from 58 individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and to group them according to their specificity. To identify the epitopes targeted by clusters of Mtb-specific T cells, we carried out a screen of 3,724 distinct proteins covering 95% of Mtb protein-coding genes using artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and reporter T cells. We found that at least five PPE (Pro-Pro-Glu) proteins are targets for T-cell recognition in Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Rubelt
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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74
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Kalera K, Stothard AI, Woodruff PJ, Swarts BM. The role of chemoenzymatic synthesis in advancing trehalose analogues as tools for combatting bacterial pathogens. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11528-11547. [PMID: 32914793 PMCID: PMC7919099 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to virulence in major bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridioides difficile, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Accordingly, bacterial trehalose metabolic pathways that are not present in humans have gained traction as targets for antibiotic and diagnostic development. Toward this goal, trehalose can be modified through a combination of rational design and synthesis to produce functionalized trehalose analogues, which can be deployed to probe or inhibit bacterial trehalose metabolism. However, the unique α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond and C2 symmetry of trehalose make analogue synthesis via traditional chemical methods very challenging. We and others have turned to the creation of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods, which in principle allow the use of nature's trehalose-synthesizing enzymes to stereo- and regioselectively couple simple, unprotected substrates to efficiently and conveniently generate trehalose analogues. Here, we provide a contextual account of our team's development of a trehalose analogue synthesis method that employs a highly substrate-tolerant, thermostable trehalose synthase enzyme, TreT from Thermoproteus tenax. Then, in three vignettes, we highlight how chemoenzymatic synthesis has accelerated the development of trehalose-based imaging probes and inhibitors that target trehalose-utilizing bacterial pathogens. We describe the role of TreT catalysis and related methods in the development of (i) tools for in vitro and in vivo imaging of mycobacteria, (ii) anti-biofilm compounds that sensitize drug-tolerant mycobacteria to clinical anti-tubercular compounds, and (iii) degradation-resistant trehalose analogues that block trehalose metabolism in C. difficile and potentially other trehalose-utilizing bacteria. We conclude by recapping progress and discussing priorities for future research in this area, including improving the scope and scale of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods to support translational research and expanding the functionality and applicability of trehalose analogues to study and target diverse bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kalera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
| | - Alicyn I Stothard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
| | - Peter J Woodruff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
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75
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Colangeli R, Gupta A, Vinhas SA, Chippada Venkata UD, Kim S, Grady C, Jones-López EC, Soteropoulos P, Palaci M, Marques-Rodrigues P, Salgame P, Ellner JJ, Dietze R, Alland D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis progresses through two phases of latent infection in humans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4870. [PMID: 32978384 PMCID: PMC7519141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the physiology of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We studied the mutational rates of 24 index tuberculosis (TB) cases and their latently infected household contacts who developed active TB up to 5.25 years later, as an indication of bacterial physiological state and possible generation times during latent TB infection in humans. Here we report that the rate of new mutations in the M. tuberculosis genome decline dramatically after two years of latent infection (two-sided p < 0.001, assuming an 18 h generation time equal to log phase M. tuberculosis, with latency period modeled as a continuous variable). Alternatively, assuming a fixed mutation rate, the generation time increases over the latency duration. Mutations indicative of oxidative stress do not increase with increasing latency duration suggesting a lack of host or bacterial derived mutational stress. These results suggest that M. tuberculosis enters a quiescent state during latency, decreasing the risk for mutational drug resistance and increasing generation time, but potentially increasing bacterial tolerance to drugs that target actively growing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colangeli
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Solange Alves Vinhas
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Soyeon Kim
- Frontier Science Foundation, 1371 Beacon Street, Suite #203, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Courtney Grady
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Edward C Jones-López
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- The Genomics Center, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Moisés Palaci
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jerrold J Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
- Global Health & Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Alland
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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76
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Prathiviraj R, Chellapandi P. Deciphering Molecular Virulence Mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dop isopeptidase Based on Its Sequence-Structure-Function Linkage. Protein J 2020; 39:33-45. [PMID: 31760575 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pupylation pathway marks proteins for prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup)-proteasomal degradation and survival strategy of mycobacteria inside of the host macrophages. Deamidase of Pup (Dop) plays a central role in the pupylation pathway. It is still a matter of investigation to know the function of Dop in virulence of mycobacterial lineage. Hence, the present study was intended to describe the sequence-structure-function-virulence link of Dop for understanding the molecular virulence mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb). Phylogenetic analysis of this study indicated that Dop has extensively diverged across the proteasome-harboring bacteria. The functional part of Dop was converged across the pathogenic mycobacterial lineage. The genome-wide analysis pointed out that the pupylation gene locus was identical to each other, but its genome neighborhood differed from species to species. Molecular modeling and dynamic studies proved that the predicted structure of Mtb Dop was energetically stable and low conformational freedom. Moreover, evolutionary constraints in Mtb Dop were intensively analyzed for inferring its sequence-structure-function relationships for the full virulence of Mtb. It indicated that evolutionary optimization was extensively required to stabilize its local structural environment at the side chains of mutable residues. The sequence-structure-function-virulence link of Dop might have retained in Mtb by reordering hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding patterns in the local structural environment. Thus, the results of our study provide a quest to understand the molecular virulence and pathogenesis mechanisms of Mtb during the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prathiviraj
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - P Chellapandi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
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77
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Català M, Prats C, López D, Cardona PJ, Alonso S. A reaction-diffusion model to understand granulomas formation inside secondary lobule during tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239289. [PMID: 32936814 PMCID: PMC7494083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent for tuberculosis, the most extended infectious disease around the world. When Mtb enters inside the pulmonary alveolus it is rapidly phagocytosed by the alveolar macrophage. Although this controls the majority of inhaled microorganisms, in this case, Mtb survives inside the macrophage and multiplies. A posterior chemokine and cytokine cascade generated by the irruption of monocytes, neutrophils and posteriorly, by T-cells, does not necessarily stop the growth of the granuloma. Interestingly, the encapsulation process built by fibroblasts is able to surround the lesion and stop its growing. The success of this last process determines if the host enters in an asymptomatic latent state or continues into a life-threatening and infective active tuberculosis disease (TB). Understanding such dichotomic process is challenging, and computational modeling can bring new ideas. Thus, we have modeled the different stages of the infection, first in a single alveolus (a sac with a radius of 0.15 millimeters) and, second, inside a secondary lobule (a compartment of the lungs of around 3 cm3). We have employed stochastic reaction-diffusion equations to model the interactions among the cells and the diffusive transport to neighboring alveolus. The whole set of equations have successfully described the encapsulation process and determine that the size of the lesions depends on its position on the secondary lobule. We conclude that size and shape of the secondary lobule are the relevant variables to control the lesions, and, therefore, to avoid the evolution towards TB development. As lesions appear near to interlobular connective tissue they are easily controlled and their growth is drastically stopped, in this sense secondary lobules with a more flattened shape could control better the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol. Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol. Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel López
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol. Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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78
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Li X, Xie Y, Zhang D, Wang Y, Wu J, Sun X, Wu Q. Identification of Significant Genes in HIV/TB via Bioinformatics Analysis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:600-610. [PMID: 33067206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are significant for the mechanisms involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected 113 HIV/TB and 109 HIV/LTBI (latent TB infection) genes from GSE37250 and GSE69581 datasets. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were visualized using Cytoscape software with Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). RESULTS A total of 83 DEGs were found to be common to both datasets. These included 64 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes. The PPI network was analyzed, and 12 up-regulated genes were identified. Re-analysis using DAVID found no significant signaling pathways enriched by these twelve genes (CAMP, CTSG, DEFA1, DEFA1B, DEFA3, DEFA4, ELANE, HP, HPSE, OLFM4, PGLYRP1, TCN1). CONCLUSIONS Twelve significantly up-regulated DEGs that may be potential therapeutic targets for HIV/TB were identified using a series of bioinformatics analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Education, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Wu
- Department of Tuberculosis, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, TCM Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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79
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Liu R, Shu W, Song Y, Liu Y, Ma L, Gao M. Use of Serum Albumin Level as a Predictive Marker of Clinical Outcomes for Active Tuberculosis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:681-686. [PMID: 33067216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine whether there is an association between changes in tuberculosis (TB) patient serum albumin levels during anti-TB treatment and subsequent treatment outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to reveal associations between dynamic changes in TB patient serum albumin levels and stratified clinical outcomes. RESULTS For TB patients with good treatment outcomes, serum albumin concentrations at treatment initiation and during treatment at 1 month (35.7±5.0 g/L), at 2 months (38.1±4.4 g/L) and at treatment completion (43.2±4.9 g/L) were significantly greater than baseline level (30.9±3.7 g/L, P<0.01). Conversely, for patients with poor treatment outcomes, serum albumin concentrations showed no significant treatment-associated change relative to the baseline level (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrates that serum albumin level changes during early anti-TB treatment are useful indicators for identifying TB patients at high-risk for treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shu
- National Clinical Center on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- National Clinical Center on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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80
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Godfroid M, Dagan T, Merker M, Kohl TA, Diel R, Maurer FP, Niemann S, Kupczok A. Insertion and deletion evolution reflects antibiotics selection pressure in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008357. [PMID: 32997707 PMCID: PMC7549793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In genome evolution, genetic variants are the source of diversity, which natural selection acts upon. Treatment of human tuberculosis (TB) induces a strong selection pressure for the emergence of antibiotic resistance-conferring variants in the infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. MTB evolution in response to treatment has been intensively studied and mainly attributed to point substitutions. However, the frequency and contribution of insertions and deletions (indels) to MTB genome evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed a multi-drug resistant MTB outbreak for the presence of high-quality indels and substitutions. We find that indels are significantly enriched in genes conferring antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, we show that indels are inherited during the outbreak and follow a molecular clock with an evolutionary rate of 5.37e-9 indels/site/year, which is 23 times lower than the substitution rate. Inherited indels may co-occur with substitutions in genes along related biological pathways; examples are iron storage and resistance to second-line antibiotics. This suggests that epistatic interactions between indels and substitutions affect antibiotic resistance and compensatory evolution in MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Godfroid
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tal Dagan
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Kohl
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Roland Diel
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Epidemiology, University Medical Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Lungenclinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Florian P. Maurer
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anne Kupczok
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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81
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Welekidan LN, Skjerve E, Dejene TA, Gebremichael MW, Brynildsrud O, Agdestein A, Tessema GT, Tønjum T, Yimer SA. Characteristics of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236362. [PMID: 32797053 PMCID: PMC7428183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top 10 causes of mortality and the first killer among infectious diseases worldwide. One of the factors fuelling the TB epidemic is the global rise of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and factors associated with MDR-TB in the Tigray Region, Ethiopia. METHOD This study employed a facility-based cross-sectional study design, which was conducted between July 2018 and August 2019. The inclusion criteria for the study participants were GeneXpert-positive who were not under treatment for TB, PTB patients' ≥15 years of age and who provided written informed consent. A total of 300 participants were enrolled in the study, with a structured questionnaire used to collect data on clinical, sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Sputum samples were collected and processed for acid-fast bacilli staining, culture and drug susceptibility testing. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using a line probe assay. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between outcome and predictor variables. RESULTS The overall proportion of MDR-TB was 16.7% (11.6% and 32.7% for new and previously treated patients, respectively). Of the total MDR-TB isolates, 5.3% were pre-XDR-TB. The proportion of MDR-TB/HIV co-infection was 21.1%. A previous history of TB treatment AOR 3.75; 95% CI (0.7-2.24), cigarette smoking AOR 6.09; CI (1.65-2.50) and patients who had an intermittent fever (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.21-5.4) were strongly associated with MDR-TB development. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of MDR-TB observed among new and previously treated patients is very alarming, which calls for an urgent need for intervention. The high proportion of MDR-TB among newly diagnosed cases indicates ongoing transmission, which suggests the need for enhanced TB control program performance to interrupt transmission. The increased proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases indicates a need for better patient management to prevent the evolution of drug resistance. Assessing the TB control program performance gaps and an optimal implementation of the WHO recommended priority actions for the management of drug-resistant TB, is imperative to help reduce the current high MDR-TB burden in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letemichael Negash Welekidan
- Department of Para Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Eystein Skjerve
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ola Brynildsrud
- Department of Para Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tone Tønjum
- Department of Microbiology, Unit for Genome Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Unit for Genome Dynamics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solomon Abebe Yimer
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Unit for Genome Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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82
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Abstract
Lymph nodes, particularly thoracic lymph nodes, are among the most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in these organs is understudied. Aside from being sites of initiation of the adaptive immune system, lymph nodes also serve as niches of Mtb growth and persistence. Mtb infection results in granuloma formation that disrupts and—if it becomes large enough—replaces the normal architecture of the lymph node that is vital to its function. In preclinical models, successful TB vaccines appear to prevent spread of Mtb from the lungs to the lymph nodes. Reactivation of latent TB can start in the lymph nodes resulting in dissemination of the bacteria to the lungs and other organs. Involvement of the lymph nodes may improve Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine efficacy. Lastly, drug penetration to the lymph nodes is poor compared to blood, lung tissue, and lung granulomas. Future studies on evaluating the efficacy of vaccines and anti-TB drug treatments should include consideration of the effects on thoracic lymph nodes and not just the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edwin C. Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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83
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Kandasamy S, Palaniyandi K, Gupta UD, Narayanan S. Double deletion of PknI/DacB2 leads to attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for growth and virulence. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 123:101957. [PMID: 32741534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases (STPKs) phosphorylates target proteins thereby regulates various important cellular signal transduction pathways such as cell division and cell wall synthesis. It has been demonstrated that the STPKs regulate peptidoglycan biosynthesis by phosphorylating penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). We extensively characterized both PknI (STPK) and DacB2 (PBP) roles individually as well as combining by genetic knockout and phenotypic characterization studies. In the present study, we analyzed the role of PknI and DacB2 in cell division and virulence. The double knockout (DKO) strain growth was reduced under stress conditions like acidic pH, nutrient depletion media and low oxygen availability conditions. We also found that the DKO growth was significantly reduced in macrophage cell line and it was hypersensitive to oxidative and nitrosative stress condition. The DKO strain significantly attenuated in guinea pig model which was measured by reduced bacillary load, gross pathological and histopathological damages. Overall, these results clearly demonstrated that both PknI and DacB2 together play an important role in cell division under stress conditions, the DKO strain significantly attenuated both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Kandasamy
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Kannan Palaniyandi
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Umesh Datta Gupta
- ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, 282001, India
| | - Sujatha Narayanan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India.
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84
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McHenry ML, Williams SM, Stein CM. Genetics and evolution of tuberculosis pathogenesis: New perspectives and approaches. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 81:104204. [PMID: 31981609 PMCID: PMC7192760 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the most lethal infectious disease globally, but the vast majority of people who are exposed to the primary causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), do not develop active disease. Most people do, however, show signs of infection that remain throughout their lifetimes. In this review, we develop a framework that describes several possible transitions from pathogen exposure to TB disease and reflect on the genetics studies to address many of these. The evidence strongly supports a human genetic component for both infection and active disease, but many of the existing studies, including some of our own, do not clearly delineate what transition(s) is being explicitly examined. This can make interpretation difficult in terms of why only some people develop active disease. Nonetheless, both linkage peaks and associations with either active disease or latent infection have been identified. For transition to active disease, pathways defined as active TB altered T and B cell signaling in rheumatoid arthritis and T helper cell differentiation are significantly associated. Pathways that affect transition from exposure to infection are less clear-cut, as studies of this phenotype are less common, and a primary response, if it exists, is not yet well defined. Lastly, we discuss the role that interaction between the MTB lineage and human genetics can play in TB disease, especially severity. Severity of TB is at present the only way to study putative co-evolution between MTB and humans as it is impossible in the absence of disease to know the MTB lineage(s) to which an individual has been exposed. In addition, even though severity has been defined in multiple heterogeneous ways, it appears that MTB-human co-evolution may shape pathogenicity. Further analysis of co-evolution, requiring careful analysis of paired samples, may be the best way to completely assess the genetic basis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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85
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Hwang SA, Ali Y, Fedotova E, Hunter RL, Brown RE. Morphoproteomics Identifies the Foamy Alveolar Macrophage as an M2 Phenotype with PD-L1 Expression in the Early Lesion of Post-Primary Tuberculosis: Implications for Host Immune Surveillance and Therapy. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:429-438. [PMID: 32826237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-primary tuberculosis (TB) disease is characterized by paucibacillary necrosis of the early lesion, tuberculous pneumonia, in the adult human lung. The mechanism is speculated to be a strong localized delayed type hypersensitive response (DTH). However, up to this date, no one has been able to identify the source of the large accumulation of MTB antigens required for the DTH response. Although it is known and accepted that the pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), significantly affects macrophage function and activity, few studies have focused on macrophages at the site of the early lesion of developing post-primary MTB in human lungs. In vitro studies have examined the effect of MTB on skewing the macrophage phenotype, specifically the dynamic of the M1 and M2 differentiation. Additionally, it is also well documented that MTB infection induces macrophages to become foamy, accumulating host, and potentially MTB, lipids in the cytoplasm. The foamy macrophage is necessary for prolonging MTB survival in the infected lung. Using autopsy derived lung samples from untreated TB diseased individuals, this report, by applying morphoproteomics, demonstrates that the alveolar macrophages present in the early lesion of TB are primarily of the M2 phenotype. The M2 foamy alveolar macrophages (FAM) are also loaded with MTB antigens by immunohistochemistry and are paucibacillary. Moreover, the M2 alveolar macrophages predominately express PD-L1, leading to suppression of PD-1+ lymphocytes and host immunosurveillance. These morphoproteomic analyses indicate that early lesion of MTB in the adult human lung leads to a skewed M2 foamy alveolar macrophage phenotype that creates a protective microenvironment that accumulates high concentrations of MTB antigens, which when released can lead to necrosis and eventual cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-An Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasir Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena Fedotova
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Robert L Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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86
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Jeong YC, Lee KS. A proposed carbon-utilization and virulence protein A, CuvA (Rv1422), from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: crystallization, X-ray diffraction analysis and ligand binding. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:314-319. [PMID: 32627747 PMCID: PMC7336361 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20008626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses the ability to undergo physiological adaptations in order to persist during the prolonged course of infection despite the active immune response of the host and in order to overcome multiple environmental changes. Previous studies have proposed that M. tuberculosis CuvA (Rv1422; MtCuvA) might play a critical role in the adaptation of the bacterium to environmental changes, such as nutrient utilization and alteration of the growth rate. However, the detailed function of MtCuvA still remains unclear owing to a lack of structural information. To better understand its role in host adaptation, MtCuvA was purified to homogeneity and was crystallized for the first time using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystal of MtCuvA diffracted to a resolution of 2.1 Å and belonged to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 47.27, b = 170.93, c = 178.10 Å. The calculated Matthews coefficient (VM) was 2.4 Å3 Da-1, with a solvent content of 48.02%, and thus four molecules appeared to be present in the asymmetric unit. Moreover, it is reported that MtCuvA can bind to the cell-wall precursor components uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Chae Jeong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seog Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
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87
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Bryk R, Mundhra S, Jiang X, Wood M, Pfau D, Weber E, Park S, Zhang L, Wilson C, Van der Westhuyzen R, Street L, Chibale K, Zimmerman M, Dartois V, Pastore N, Ballabio A, Hawryluk N, Canan S, Khetani V, Camardo J, Nathan C. Potentiation of rifampin activity in a mouse model of tuberculosis by activation of host transcription factor EB. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008567. [PMID: 32574211 PMCID: PMC7337396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts at host-directed therapy of tuberculosis have produced little control of the disease in experimental animals to date. This is not surprising, given that few specific host targets have been validated, and reciprocally, many of the compounds tested potentially impact multiple targets with both beneficial and detrimental consequences. This puts a premium on identifying appropriate molecular targets and subjecting them to more selective modulation. We discovered an aminopyrimidine small molecule, 2062, that had no direct antimycobacterial activity, but synergized with rifampin to reduce bacterial burden in Mtb infected macrophages and mice and also dampened lung immunopathology. We used 2062 and its inactive congeners as tool compounds to identify host targets. By biochemical, pharmacologic, transcriptomic and genetic approaches, we found that 2062's beneficial effects on Mtb control and clearance in macrophages and in mice are associated with activation of transcription factor EB via an organellar stress response. 2062-dependent TFEB activation led to improved autophagy, lysosomal acidification and lysosomal degradation, promoting bacterial clearance in macrophages. Deletion of TFEB resulted in the loss of IFNγ-dependent control of Mtb replication in macrophages. 2062 also targeted multiple kinases, such as PIKfyve, VPS34, JAKs and Tyk2, whose inhibition likely limited 2062's efficacy in vivo. These findings support a search for selective activators of TFEB for HDT of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslana Bryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shashirekha Mundhra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiuju Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Pfau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elaina Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Suna Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Colin Wilson
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre, H3D, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - Leslie Street
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre, H3D, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre, H3D, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie Hawryluk
- Celgene Global Health, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Stacie Canan
- Celgene Global Health, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Vikram Khetani
- Celgene Global Health, Summit, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph Camardo
- Celgene Global Health, Summit, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
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88
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Pfrommer E, Dreier C, Gabriel G, Dallenga T, Reimer R, Schepanski K, Scherließ R, Schaible UE, Gutsmann T. Enhanced tenacity of mycobacterial aerosols from necrotic neutrophils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9159. [PMID: 32514121 PMCID: PMC7280268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberculosis agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through air, but little is known about the tenacity of mycobacterium-containing aerosols derived from either suspensions or infected neutrophils. Analysis of mycobacterial aerosol particles generated from bacterial suspensions revealed an average aerodynamic diameter and mass density that may allow distant airborne transmission. The volume and mass of mycobacterial aerosol particles increased with elevated relative humidity. To more closely mimic aerosol formation that occurs in active TB patients, aerosols from mycobacterium-infected neutrophils were analysed. Mycobacterium-infected intact neutrophils showed a smaller particle size distribution and lower viability than free mycobacteria. In contrast, mycobacterium-infected necrotic neutrophils, predominant in M. tuberculosis infection, revealed particle sizes and viability rates similar to those found for free mycobacteria, but in addition, larger aggregates of viable mycobacteria were observed. Therefore, mycobacteria are shielded from environmental stresses in multibacillary aggregates generated from necrotic neutrophils, which allows improved tenacity but emphasizes short distance transmission between close contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pfrommer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | - C Dreier
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | - G Gabriel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - T Dallenga
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - R Reimer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - K Schepanski
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | - R Scherließ
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - U E Schaible
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany.
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany.
| | - T Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
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89
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Zhuang Z, Wan D, Ding J, He S, Zhang Q, Wang X, Yuan Y, Lu Y, Z. Ding C, Lynch AS, M. Upton A, B. Cooper C, A. Denny W, Ma Z. Synergistic Activity of Nitroimidazole-Oxazolidinone Conjugates against Anaerobic Bacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102431. [PMID: 32456032 PMCID: PMC7288012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The introductions of the bicyclic 4-nitroimidazole and the oxazolidinone classes of antimicrobial agents represented the most significant advancements in the infectious disease area during the past two decades. Pretomanid, a bicyclic 4-nitroimidazole, and linezolid, an oxazolidinone, are also part of a combination regimen approved recently by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pulmonary, extensively drug resistant (XDR), treatment-intolerant or nonresponsive multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). To identify new antimicrobial agents with reduced propensity for the development of resistance, a series of dual-acting nitroimidazole-oxazolidinone conjugates were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Compounds in this conjugate series have shown synergistic activity against a panel of anaerobic bacteria, including those responsible for serious bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhuang
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Dawei Wan
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jun Ding
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shijie He
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yuan
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Ma Chang Street, Beijing 101149, China;
| | - Charles Z. Ding
- WuXi AppTec. Co. Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China;
| | - Anthony Simon Lynch
- Janssen Research & Development LLC., 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 18940, USA;
| | - Anna M. Upton
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, 40 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005, USA; (A.M.U.); (C.B.C.)
| | - Christopher B. Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, 40 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005, USA; (A.M.U.); (C.B.C.)
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- TenNor Therapeutics Limited, 218 Xinghu Street, Building B2, Suite 711, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.D.); (S.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-8686-1980
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90
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Elnaas AR, Grice D, Han J, Feng Y, Capua AD, Mak T, Laureanti JA, Buchko GW, Myler PJ, Cook G, Quinn RJ, Liu M. Discovery of a Natural Product That Binds to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Rv1466 Using Native Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102384. [PMID: 32455540 PMCID: PMC7288112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanism of action of compounds with cellular bioactivity is important for progressing compounds into future drug development. In recent years, phenotype-based drug discovery has become the dominant approach to drug discovery over target-based drug discovery, which relies on the knowledge of a specific drug target of a disease. Still, when targeting an infectious disease via a high throughput phenotypic assay it is highly advantageous to identifying the compound’s cellular activity. A fraction derived from the plant Polyalthia sp. showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 62.5 μge/μL. A known compound, altholactone, was identified from this fraction that showed activity towards M. tuberculosis at an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 μM. Retrospective analysis of a target-based screen against a TB proteome panel using native mass spectrometry established that the active fraction was bound to the mycobacterial protein Rv1466 with an estimated pseudo-Kd of 42.0 ± 6.1 µM. Our findings established Rv1466 as the potential molecular target of altholactone, which is responsible for the observed in vivo toxicity towards M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R. Elnaas
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia;
| | - Jianying Han
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Angela Di Capua
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Tin Mak
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Joseph A. Laureanti
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
| | - Garry W. Buchko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Peter J. Myler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Gregory Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; (A.R.E.); (J.H.); (Y.F.); (A.D.C.); (T.M.); (R.J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-6077
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91
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Brown AK, Aljohani AKB, Alsalem FMA, Broadhead JL, Gill JH, Lu Y, Sellars JD. Identification of Substituted Amino Acid Hydrazides as Novel Anti-Tubercular Agents, Using a Scaffold Hopping Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102387. [PMID: 32455566 PMCID: PMC7287914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery and development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, particularly drug-resistant strains, are urgently required to tackle the global burden of this disease. Herein, we reported the synthesis of a novel series of N-substituted amino acid hydrazides, utilising a scaffold hopping approach within a library of anti-tubercular agents. Efficacy and selectivity were evaluated against three strains of Mtb (wild-type, isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant), and cytotoxicity against macrophages in vitro. The antibacterial activity and therapeutic index of these molecules were significantly affected by modifications with the N-substituents. Introduction of a 3,5-dinitroaryl moiety demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against all three strains of Mtb. In contrast, the inclusion of an imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxy moiety resulted in enhanced activity towards isoniazid mono-resistant Mtb relative to wild-type Mtb. Consequently, this scaffold hopping approach showed significant promise for exemplification of novel molecules with specific activity profiles against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair K. Brown
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (A.K.B.); (A.K.B.A.); (F.M.A.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ahmed K. B. Aljohani
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (A.K.B.); (A.K.B.A.); (F.M.A.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fatimah M. A. Alsalem
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (A.K.B.); (A.K.B.A.); (F.M.A.A.); (Y.L.)
| | | | - Jason H. Gill
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yucheng Lu
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (A.K.B.); (A.K.B.A.); (F.M.A.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jonathan D. Sellars
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (A.K.B.); (A.K.B.A.); (F.M.A.A.); (Y.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-2082357
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92
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Wessler T, Joslyn LR, Borish HJ, Gideon HP, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE, Linderman JJ. A computational model tracks whole-lung Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and predicts factors that inhibit dissemination. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007280. [PMID: 32433646 PMCID: PMC7239387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative infectious agent of tuberculosis (TB), kills more individuals per year than any other infectious agent. Granulomas, the hallmark of Mtb infection, are complex structures that form in lungs, composed of immune cells surrounding bacteria, infected cells, and a caseous necrotic core. While granulomas serve to physically contain and immunologically restrain bacteria growth, some granulomas are unable to control Mtb growth, leading to bacteria and infected cells leaving the granuloma and disseminating, either resulting in additional granuloma formation (local or non-local) or spread to airways or lymph nodes. Dissemination is associated with development of active TB. It is challenging to experimentally address specific mechanisms driving dissemination from TB lung granulomas. Herein, we develop a novel hybrid multi-scale computational model, MultiGran, that tracks Mtb infection within multiple granulomas in an entire lung. MultiGran follows cells, cytokines, and bacterial populations within each lung granuloma throughout the course of infection and is calibrated to multiple non-human primate (NHP) cellular, granuloma, and whole-lung datasets. We show that MultiGran can recapitulate patterns of in vivo local and non-local dissemination, predict likelihood of dissemination, and predict a crucial role for multifunctional CD8+ T cells and macrophage dynamics for preventing dissemination. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and kills 3 people per minute worldwide. Granulomas, spherical structures composed of immune cells surrounding bacteria, are the hallmark of Mtb infection and sometimes fail to contain the bacteria and disseminate, leading to further granuloma growth within the lung environment. To date, the mechanisms that determine granuloma dissemination events have not been characterized. We present a computational multi-scale model of granuloma formation and dissemination within primate lungs. Our computational model is calibrated to multiple experimental datasets across the cellular, granuloma, and whole-lung scales of non-human primates. We match to both individual granuloma and granuloma-population datasets, predict likelihood of dissemination events, and predict a critical role for multifunctional CD8+ T cells and macrophage-bacteria interactions to prevent infection dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Wessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Louis R. Joslyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - H. Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Denise E. Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DEK); (JJL)
| | - Jennifer J. Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DEK); (JJL)
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93
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Giraud-Gatineau A, Coya JM, Maure A, Biton A, Thomson M, Bernard EM, Marrec J, Gutierrez MG, Larrouy-Maumus G, Brosch R, Gicquel B, Tailleux L. The antibiotic bedaquiline activates host macrophage innate immune resistance to bacterial infection. eLife 2020; 9:e55692. [PMID: 32369020 PMCID: PMC7200153 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Although known for their microbicidal activity, antibiotics may also interfere with the host's immune system. Here, we analyzed the effects of bedaquiline (BDQ), an inhibitor of the mycobacterial ATP synthase, on human macrophages. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that BDQ reprogramed cells into potent bactericidal phagocytes. We found that 579 and 1,495 genes were respectively differentially expressed in naive- and M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages incubated with the drug, with an over-representation of lysosome-associated genes. BDQ treatment triggered a variety of antimicrobial defense mechanisms, including phagosome-lysosome fusion, and autophagy. These effects were associated with activation of transcription factor EB, involved in the transcription of lysosomal genes, resulting in enhanced intracellular killing of different bacterial species that were naturally insensitive to BDQ. Thus, BDQ could be used as a host-directed therapy against a wide range of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Giraud-Gatineau
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule PasteurParisFrance
| | | | - Alexandra Maure
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule PasteurParisFrance
| | - Anne Biton
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Computational Biology, USR 3756 CNRS, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Michael Thomson
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elliott M Bernard
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jade Marrec
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gérald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease ControlShenzhenChina
| | - Ludovic Tailleux
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut PasteurParisFrance
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94
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Català M, Bechini J, Tenesa M, Pérez R, Moya M, Vilaplana C, Valls J, Alonso S, López D, Cardona PJ, Prats C. Modelling the dynamics of tuberculosis lesions in a virtual lung: Role of the bronchial tree in endogenous reinfection. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007772. [PMID: 32433644 PMCID: PMC7239440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that still causes more than 1.5 million deaths annually. The World Health Organization estimates that around 30% of the world's population is latently infected. However, the mechanisms responsible for 10% of this reserve (i.e., of the latently infected population) developing an active disease are not fully understood, yet. The dynamic hypothesis suggests that endogenous reinfection has an important role in maintaining latent infection. In order to examine this hypothesis for falsifiability, an agent-based model of growth, merging, and proliferation of TB lesions was implemented in a computational bronchial tree, built with an iterative algorithm for the generation of bronchial bifurcations and tubes applied inside a virtual 3D pulmonary surface. The computational model was fed and parameterized with computed tomography (CT) experimental data from 5 latently infected minipigs. First, we used CT images to reconstruct the virtual pulmonary surfaces where bronchial trees are built. Then, CT data about TB lesion' size and location to each minipig were used in the parameterization process. The model's outcome provides spatial and size distributions of TB lesions that successfully reproduced experimental data, thus reinforcing the role of the bronchial tree as the spatial structure triggering endogenous reinfection. A sensitivity analysis of the model shows that the final number of lesions is strongly related with the endogenous reinfection frequency and maximum growth rate of the lesions, while their mean diameter mainly depends on the spatial spreading of new lesions and the maximum radius. Finally, the model was used as an in silico experimental platform to explore the transition from latent infection to active disease, identifying two main triggering factors: a high inflammatory response and the combination of a moderate inflammatory response with a small breathing amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bechini
- Servei de Radiodiagnòstic, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Tenesa
- Servei de Radiodiagnòstic, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez
- Servei de Radiodiagnòstic, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariano Moya
- Servei de Radiodiagnòstic, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Can Ruti Campus, Edifici Mar, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Valls
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Can Ruti Campus, Edifici Mar, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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95
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McHenry ML, Bartlett J, Igo RP, Wampande EM, Benchek P, Mayanja-Kizza H, Fluegge K, Hall NB, Gagneux S, Tishkoff SA, Wejse C, Sirugo G, Boom WH, Joloba M, Williams SM, Stein CM. Interaction between host genes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage can affect tuberculosis severity: Evidence for coevolution? PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008728. [PMID: 32352966 PMCID: PMC7217476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of both the human host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) demonstrate independent association with tuberculosis (TB) risk. However, neither explains a large portion of disease risk or severity. Based on studies in other infectious diseases and animal models of TB, we hypothesized that the genomes of the two interact to modulate risk of developing active TB or increasing the severity of disease, when present. We examined this hypothesis in our TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, in which there were 3 MTB lineages of which L4-Ugandan (L4.6) is the most recent. TB severity, measured using the Bandim TBscore, was modeled as a function of host SNP genotype, MTB lineage, and their interaction, within two independent cohorts of TB cases, N = 113 and 121. No association was found between lineage and severity, but association between multiple polymorphisms in IL12B and TBscore was replicated in two independent cohorts (most significant rs3212227, combined p = 0.0006), supporting previous associations of IL12B with TB susceptibility. We also observed significant interaction between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SLC11A1 and the L4-Ugandan lineage in both cohorts (rs17235409, meta p = 0.0002). Interestingly, the presence of the L4-Uganda lineage in the presence of the ancestral human allele associated with more severe disease. These findings demonstrate that IL12B is associated with severity of TB in addition to susceptibility, and that the association between TB severity and human genetics can be due to an interaction between genes in the two species, consistent with host-pathogen coevolution in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jacquelaine Bartlett
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine and Mulago Hospital, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kyle Fluegge
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Noemi B. Hall
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah A. Tishkoff
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea Bissau
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMW); (CMS)
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMW); (CMS)
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96
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Aguilera J, Karki CB, Li L, Vazquez Reyes S, Estevao I, Grajeda BI, Zhang Q, Arico CD, Ouellet H, Sun J. Nα-Acetylation of the virulence factor EsxA is required for mycobacterial cytosolic translocation and virulence. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5785-5794. [PMID: 32169899 PMCID: PMC7186180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor EsxA and its chaperone EsxB are secreted as a heterodimer (EsxA:B) and are crucial for mycobacterial escape from phagosomes and cytosolic translocation. Current findings support the idea that for EsxA to interact with host membranes, EsxA must dissociate from EsxB at low pH. However, the molecular mechanism by which the EsxA:B heterodimer separates is not clear. In the present study, using liposome-leakage and cytotoxicity assays, LC-MS/MS-based proteomics, and CCF-4 FRET analysis, we obtained evidence that the Nα-acetylation of the Thr-2 residue on EsxA, a post-translational modification that is present in mycobacteria but absent in Escherichia coli, is required for the EsxA:B separation. Substitutions at Thr-2 that precluded Nα-acetylation inhibited the heterodimer separation and hence prevented EsxA from interacting with the host membrane, resulting in attenuated mycobacterial cytosolic translocation and virulence. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that at low pH, the Nα-acetylated Thr-2 makes direct and frequent "bind-and-release" contacts with EsxB, which generates a force that pulls EsxB away from EsxA. In summary, our findings provide evidence that the Nα-acetylation at Thr-2 of EsxA facilitates dissociation of the EsxA:B heterodimer required for EsxA membrane permeabilization and mycobacterial cytosolic translocation and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Chitra B Karki
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Salvador Vazquez Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Igor Estevao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Brian I Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Chenoa D Arico
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Hugues Ouellet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968.
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97
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Sousa J, Cá B, Maceiras AR, Simões-Costa L, Fonseca KL, Fernandes AI, Ramos A, Carvalho T, Barros L, Magalhães C, Chiner-Oms Á, Machado H, Veiga MI, Singh A, Pereira R, Amorim A, Vieira J, Vieira CP, Bhatt A, Rodrigues F, Rodrigues PNS, Gagneux S, Castro AG, Guimarães JT, Bastos HN, Osório NS, Comas I, Saraiva M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with severe tuberculosis evades cytosolic surveillance systems and modulates IL-1β production. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1949. [PMID: 32327653 PMCID: PMC7181847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects immune responses and clinical outcomes of tuberculosis (TB). However, how bacterial diversity orchestrates immune responses to direct distinct TB severities is unknown. Here we study 681 patients with pulmonary TB and show that M. tuberculosis isolates from cases with mild disease consistently induce robust cytokine responses in macrophages across multiple donors. By contrast, bacteria from patients with severe TB do not do so. Secretion of IL-1β is a good surrogate of the differences observed, and thus to classify strains as probable drivers of different TB severities. Furthermore, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis isolates that induce low levels of IL-1β production can evade macrophage cytosolic surveillance systems, including cGAS and the inflammasome. Isolates exhibiting this evasion strategy carry candidate mutations, generating sigA recognition boxes or affecting components of the ESX-1 secretion system. Therefore, we provide evidence that M. tuberculosis strains manipulate host-pathogen interactions to drive variable TB severities.
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Grants
- The authors thank the excellent support from the i3S scientific platforms, namely Animal facility, Advanced Light Microscopy and BioSciences Screening, member of the national infrastructure PPBI - Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122). This work was financed by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028955 (to MS) and by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, to MIV, FR, AGC and NSO). IC acknowledges the support of Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (SAF2016-77346-R) and the European Research Council (638553-TB-ACCELERATE). HNB acknowledges the support of Bolsa D. Manuel de Mello and of the Portuguese Society for Pneumology; AB and MS were also recipients of an International Exchanges Grant from the Royal Society. JS is funded by a research fellow NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012; BC and KLF are funded by FCT PhD scholarships SFRH/BD/114403/2016 and SFRH/BD/114405/2016, respectively; MIV is funded by FCT through DL 57/2016 (CRP) and MS through Estimulo Individual ao Emprego Científico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Cá
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Maceiras
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa Simões-Costa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kaori L Fonseca
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Fernandes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angélica Ramos
- São João Hospital Center & EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Carvalho
- São João Hospital Center & EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro Barros
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique Machado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Veiga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albel Singh
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rui Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Vieira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P Vieira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Apoorva Bhatt
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro N S Rodrigues
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - António Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- São João Hospital Center & EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Novais Bastos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Biomedicine Institute of Valencia (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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98
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Nguyen HV, Tiemersma EW, Nguyen HB, Cobelens FGJ, Finlay A, Glaziou P, Dao CH, Mirtskhulava V, Nguyen HV, Pham HTT, Khieu NTT, de Haas P, Do NH, Nguyen PD, Cung CV, Nguyen NV. The second national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Vietnam. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232142. [PMID: 32324806 PMCID: PMC7179905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Vietnam. The current TB burden is unknown as not all individuals with TB are diagnosed, recorded and notified. The second national TB prevalence survey was conducted in 2017–2018 to assess the current burden of TB disease in the country. Method Eighty-two clusters were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design. Adult (≥15 years of age) residents having lived for 2 weeks or more in the households of the selected clusters were invited to participate in the survey. The survey participants were screened for TB by a questionnaire and digital chest X-ray after providing written informed consent. Individuals with a positive symptom screen and/or chest X-ray suggestive of TB were asked to provide sputum samples to test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen direct light microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF G4, BACTEC MGIT960 liquid culture and Löwenstein-Jensen solid culture. Bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were defined by an expert panel following a standard decision tree. Result Of 87,207 eligible residents, 61,763 (70.8%) participated, and 4,738 (7.7%) screened positive for TB. Among these, 221 participants were defined as bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. The estimated prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed adult pulmonary TB was 322 (95% CI: 260–399) per 100,000, and the male-to-female ratio was 4.0 (2.8–5.8, p<0.001). In-depth interviews with the participants with TB disease showed that only 57.9% (95% CI: 51.3–64.3%) reported cough for 2 weeks or more and 32.1% (26.3–38.6%) did not report any symptom consistent with TB, while their chest X-ray results showed that 97.7% (95% CI: 94.6–99.1) had abnormal chest X-ray images suggesting TB. Conclusion With highly sensitive diagnostics applied, this survey showed that the TB burden in Vietnam remains high. Half of the TB cases were not picked up by general symptom-based screening and were identified by chest X-ray only. Our results indicate that improving TB diagnostic capacity and access to care, along with reducing TB stigma, need to be top priorities for TB control and elimination in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Viet Nguyen
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edine W. Tiemersma
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank G. J. Cobelens
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alyssa Finlay
- Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Philippe Glaziou
- Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cu Huy Dao
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Petra de Haas
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands
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99
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Chirenda J, Gwitira I, Warren RM, Sampson SL, Murwira A, Masimirembwa C, Mateveke KM, Duri C, Chonzi P, Rusakaniko S, Streicher EM. Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in metropolitan Harare, Zimbabwe. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231637. [PMID: 32315335 PMCID: PMC7173793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The contribution of high tuberculosis (TB) transmission pockets in propagating area-wide transmission has not been adequately described in Zimbabwe. This study aimed to describe the presence of hotspot transmission of TB cases in Harare city from 2011 to 2012 using geospatial techniques. METHODS Anonymised TB patient data stored in an electronic database at Harare City Health department was analysed using geospatial methods. Confirmed TB cases were mapped using geographic information system (GIS). Global Moran's I and Anselin Local Moran's I (LISA) were used to assess clustering and the local Getis-Ord Gi* was used to estimate hotspot phenomenon of TB cases in Harare City for the period between 2011 and 2012. RESULTS A total of 12,702 TB cases were accessed and mapped on the Harare City map. In both 2011 and 2012, ninety (90%) of cases were new and had a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/TB co-infection rate of 72% across all suburbs. Tuberculosis prevalence was highest in the Southern district in both 2011 and 2012. There were pockets of spatial distribution of TB prevalence across West South West, Southern, Western, South Western and Eastern health districts. TB hot spot occurrence was restricted to the West South West, parts of South Western, Western health districts. West South West district had an increased peri-urban population with inadequate social services including health facilities. These conditions were conducive for increased intensity of TB occurrence, a probable indication of high transmission especially in the presence of high HIV co-infection. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Increased TB transmission was limited to a health district with high informal internal migrants with limited health services in Harare City. To minimise spread of TB into greater Harare, there is need to improve access to TB services in the peri-urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joconiah Chirenda
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Isaiah Gwitira
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Robin M. Warren
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Samantha L. Sampson
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amon Murwira
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Collen Masimirembwa
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- African Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology Wilkins Hospital, Cnr J.Tongogara and R. Tangwena, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kudzanai M. Mateveke
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Cremence Duri
- Department of Health, Harare City Council, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Prosper Chonzi
- Department of Health, Harare City Council, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Simbarashe Rusakaniko
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Elizabeth M. Streicher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hu J, Jin K, He ZG, Zhang H. Citrate lyase CitE in Mycobacterium tuberculosis contributes to mycobacterial survival under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230786. [PMID: 32302313 PMCID: PMC7164622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis and has evolved an ability to survive in hostile host environments. M. tuberculosis is thought to utilize the rTCA cycle to sustain its latent growth during infection, but the enzymatic characteristics and physiological function for the key citrate lyase of the rTCA cycle, MtbCitE, in the important pathogen remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of MtbCitE based on its structural properties and sequence comparisons with other bacterial citrate lyase subunits. We showed that several amino acid residues were important for the citrate cleavage activity of MtbCitE. Strikingly, the citrate cleavage activity of MtbCitE was inhibited by ATP, indicating that energy metabolism might couple with the regulation of MtbCitE activity, which differed from other CitEs. More interestingly, deletion of citE from Mycobacterium bovis BCG decreased the mycobacterial survival rate under hypoxic conditions, whereas complementation with citE restored the phenotype to wild-type levels. Consistently, three key rTCA cycle enzymes were positively regulated under hypoxic conditions in mycobacteria. Therefore, we characterized a unique citrate lyase MtbCitE from M. tuberculosis and found that the CitE protein significantly contributed to mycobacterial survival under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixi Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Guo He
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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