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Carney JR. A Systematic Review of Barriers to Formal Supports for Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence in Spanish-Speaking Countries in Latin America. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:526-541. [PMID: 36869808 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231156196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in Latin America (LA)'s Spanish-speaking countries have demonstrated great need for formal services, including medical, legal, and mental health supports. However, women's rates of formal help-seeking for IPV in the Americas remain extremely low. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand barriers to women's help-seeking for IPV in LA's Spanish-speaking countries. Five electronic databases were searched with search terms in English and Spanish related to IPV, help-seeking, and barriers. Articles were included in the review if they were published in peer-reviewed journals; original empirical research; published in English or Spanish; and had participants who were women exposed to IPV or service providers who worked with IPV-exposed women; and were conducted in Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. 19 manuscripts were synthesized. Inductive thematic analysis of barriers to formal help-seeking for IPV identified in the articles resulted in five key themes: intrapersonal barriers, interpersonal barriers, organization-specific barriers, systemic barriers, and cultural barriers. Findings demonstrate the need to consider culture as a driving force in why women face extensive barriers to help-seeking across the social ecology. Suggestions for interventions at each level of the social ecology to better support women exposed to IPV in LA's Spanish-speaking countries are discussed.
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102
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Huff M, Edwards KM, Littleton H. Past 6-Month Prevalence of IPV Victimization among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Undergraduate Students: A Brief Report. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:458-469. [PMID: 37688489 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231195803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has largely neglected the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD; e.g., nonbinary and genderqueer) individuals. However, existing research suggests that TGD individuals are disproportionately affected by IPV. The current study sought to explore if and how rates of IPV vary among subgroups of TGD undergraduate students and contextual factors of IPV among TGD individuals including the co-occurrence of multiple forms of IPV victimization, the type of relationship in which IPV occurred, and the gender identity of the IPV perpetrator. Participants were 280 TGD undergraduate students attending 20 medium- and large-sized residential public universities across the contiguous United States. Of the entire sample of TGD undergraduate students (N = 280), a total of 27.5% endorsed past 6-month IPV victimization (20.0% psychological, 6.1% physical, 8.9% sexual, 11.4% coercive control, and 5.7% LGBTQIA+-specific). Among only the participants who endorsed past 6-month IPV victimization (N = 77), 45.4% reported one form of IPV victimization, 26.0% two forms, 22.1% three forms, and 6.5% four forms. Further, 41.3% of TGD IPV victims were in a casual relationship, 56.0% were in a serious relationship, and 2.7% were in multiple relationship types. Finally, 55.8% of victims reported their perpetrator was a man, 22.1% a woman, and 22.1% a TGD individual. No significant differences in rates of IPV were found between TGD respondents. These data highlight the urgent need for programming efforts on college campuses that are specifically designed to prevent and address IPV among and against TGD students. Future research should evaluate universal- and population-specific risk and protective factors for IPV among TGD individuals to inform prevention and response efforts for this highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Huff
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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103
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Oyekunle V, Gibbs A, Tomita A. Assessing the role of depression in reducing intimate partner violence perpetration among young men living in urban informal settlements using a mediation analysis of the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2188686. [PMID: 36927500 PMCID: PMC10026746 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2188686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SS/CF) is a gender transformative and economic empowerment intervention that has effectively reduced the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by young men living in informal settlements in South Africa. OBJECTIVE This study examines whether depression mediated the association between SS/CF intervention and decreased IPV. METHOD Data from a two-arm cluster randomised community-based controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of SS/CF in lowering IPV were obtained from 674 young men aged 18-30 within urban informal settlements in South Africa. After being randomly assigned to either the experimental arm (SS/CF) or the control arm, the participants were followed up for 24 months. Logistic regression using mediation analysis was conducted to see whether changes in depressive symptoms mediated the association between the intervention and reduced IPV perpetration. RESULTS Findings from the mediation analysis indicated that those assigned to the SS/CF experimental group reported lower depression (β = -0.42, p < 0.05) at 12 months, and this was subsequently associated with reduced IPV (β = 0.43, p < 0.05) at 24 months. The direct path from SS/CF to IPV was originally (β = -0.46, p < 0.01), but reduced in the mediation model to (β = -0.13, p = 0.50). Depressive symptoms mediated the association between the SS/CF intervention and decreased IPV perpetration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that one pathway through which SS/CF decreased IPV was through improvement in mental health (i.e. depression). Future IPV prevention interventions may consider incorporating components that focus on improving mental health as a way of also reducing IPV perpetration in disadvantaged settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Oyekunle
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Gibbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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104
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Maurya P, Muhammad T, Maurya C. Relational dynamics associated with adolescent and young adult (13 to 23 years of age) partner violence: The role of inter-parental violence and child abuse. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283175. [PMID: 38153957 PMCID: PMC10754437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to examine the effect of witnessing inter-parental violence and experiencing childhood abuse on victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) after marriage among adolescent and young girls. METHOD Data were drawn from the second wave of the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey (2018-2019). The sample size was 5480 married adolescent and young girls aged 13-23 years. The outcome variable of the study was the victimization of IPV. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed. RESULT A total of 39% of married adolescent and young girls experienced physical violence, followed by sexual violence (35%) and emotional violence (28%) by their partner. Around 30% of respondents witnessed inter-parental violence, and 32% of the participants were beaten by their parents during childhood. Participants who had witnessed inter-parental violence were significantly correlated with experiencing childhood abuse, and this association was positively correlated with exposure to IPV in adolescence and young adulthood. Further, the parameter estimates of the indicators of IPV were highest for emotional violence (1.10) followed by physical violence (1.00) and sexual violence (0.62). Witnessing inter-parental violence significantly increases parents' physical violence to adolescents and young adult girls (β = 0.49, P<0.001, CI: 0.47-0.51). No tie between witnessing inter-parental violence and childhood abuse mediates their effect on later victimization of IPV. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that witnessing inter-parental violence is a strong risk factor for IPV victimization among adolescent and young adult girls. Our findings advocate prerequisite collaborative effort with multiple service providers for greater empowerment at national, state, community, and family levels to achieve SDG goals pertaining to eliminating violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Maurya
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T. Muhammad
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chanda Maurya
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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105
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Teshome L, Adugna H, Deribe L. Health providers readiness in managing intimate partner violence in public health institutions, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295494. [PMID: 38134007 PMCID: PMC10745191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a worldwide public health problem and major human and legal rights abuses of women. It affects the physical, sexual, and psychological aspects of the victims therefore, it requires complex and multifaceted interventions. Health providers are responsible for providing essential healthcare services for IPV victims. However, there is a lack of detailed information on whether or not health providers are ready to identify and manage IPV. Therefore, this study aimed to assess health providers' readiness and associated factors in managing IPV in public health institutions at Hawassa, Ethiopia. METHOD Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted through a simple random sample of 424 health providers. Data was collected with an anonymous questioners using physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool. Linear regression analysis was used to examine relationships among variables. The strength of association was assessed by using unstandardized β with 95% CI. RESULTS The mean score of perceived provider's readiness in managing IPV was 26.18± 6.69. Higher providers age and providers perceived knowledge had positive association with provider perceived readiness in managing IPV. Whereas not had IPV training, absence of a protocol for dealing with IPV management, and provider attitude had a negative association with provider perceived readiness in managing IPV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This study reviled that health providers had limited perceived readiness to manage IPV. Provision of training for providers and develop protocol for IPV managements have an important role to improve providers readiness in the managements of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya Teshome
- Midwifery Department, Hawassa Health Science College, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Haweni Adugna
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Leul Deribe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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106
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Leite FMC, Venturin B, Eduarda Portes Ribeiro L, De Paula Silva R, Luis Alves M, Wehrmeister FC, Santos DF. Intimate partner violence against women during covid-19: A population-based study in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295340. [PMID: 38117789 PMCID: PMC10732366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women has a negative impact on multiple dimensions of women's health. During the Covid-19 pandemic, intimate partner violence against women has continued, and in some contexts has intensified. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women during covid-19 pandemic and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and life-experience factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, from January to May 2022, where 1,086 women aged 18 years and over were interviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) instrument on violence against women was used to screen outcomes. The prevalence of violence during the pandemic (psychological, physical, and sexual) and bivariate analysis with sociodemographic, behavioral, family, and life history characteristics of women were estimated. The multivariate analysis was carried out for each type of violence, the Poisson regression model was performed with an estimate of robust variance, inserting the variables of interest with (p<0.20). Those with p<0.05 remained in the adjusted model. RESULTS The prevalence of violence psychological against women perpetrated by an intimate partner during the pandemic was the most frequent (20.2%), followed by physical (9.0%) and sexual violence (6.5%). Women with less schooling and who were single had a higher prevalence of physical and psychological violence, as did those with a history of sexual abuse in childhood and whose mothers had been beaten by their intimate partners. Sexual violence was more prevalent among non-white, with up to eight years of schooling, whose mothers had a history of intimate partner violence, and who consumed alcohol during four days or more (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by the intimate partner during the pandemic presented high magnitude among women living in Vitória. Sociodemographic, behavioral factors, and personal and maternal experiences of violence were associated with the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Venturin
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Eduarda Portes Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ranielle De Paula Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Luis Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Dherik Fraga Santos
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Catalão, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil
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107
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Lagdon S, Anyadike-Danes N, Reynolds M, Flack WF, Armour C. Intimate Partner Sexual Violence, Gender, and Psychological Distress Among Northern Irish University Students. Violence Vict 2023; 38:910-928. [PMID: 37989531 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
While substantial prevalence rates of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) have been found among university students for decades in North America, there is a specific gap in published studies on this issue in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The present analysis used data from a larger survey study of students in one Northern Irish university. The analyses reported here were used to examine relationships among IPSV victims, gender (males and females only), unhealthy alcohol use, and psychological distress among university students (n = 654) since the age of 16 and during the previous year. The results of this study are consistent with previous research indicating that women (n = 248) experience IPSV more often than men (n = 37; 50% vs. 23%, respectively). Nonetheless, IPSV is experienced by both men and women with statistically significant associations with alcohol use, posttraumatic stress, depression, and generalized anxiety compared with those who did not report any IPSV experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lagdon
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Ngozi Anyadike-Danes
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Megan Reynolds
- DCU Anti-Bullying Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William F Flack
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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108
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Bentley A, Riutort-Mayol G. The association between intimate partner violence type and mental health in migrant women living in Spain: findings from a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1307841. [PMID: 38145064 PMCID: PMC10740158 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1307841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health has been clearly established in the literature, however the differential associations between IPV type and mental health are less well understood, particularly in migrant groups who are at increased risk of both IPV and poor mental health. Under-studied and emerging forms of violence such as economic abuse and technology-facilitated abuse must be considered alongside more traditionally studied forms of IPV in order to fully understand the complex nature of violence. This study makes a novel contribution to the literature by assessing multiple forms of IPV including psychological, physical, sexual, economic and technology-facilitated IPV and their relationship with symptoms of depression and anxiety in migrant women, disaggregated by IPV type. Methods A cross-sectional survey of migrant women living in the Valencian Community of Spain was conducted, to assess experiences of IPV and symptoms of mental health. Regression analysis from the Bayesian perspective was performed. Results 1,998 women accessed the survey. They had an average age of 37, and came predominantly from Europe (49%), namely Western Europe, followed by Latin America (38%). The majority had been in Spain between 1 and 3 years, and 80% had resident status. A total of 1,156 responded to questions on violence and mental health. Results showed that the prevalence of IPV was high, with 59% of women reporting any experience of violence. Economic abuse was the most commonly reported form of violence, and showed the strongest relationship with symptoms of depression. Sexual violence was the strongest predictor of anxiety. In both cases, in the presence of violence, the odds of having more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety increases by over 2.25. Technology-facilitated abuse was as detrimental to women's mental health as face-to-face violence. Discussion The findings from the study are relevant to researchers, policy-makers and service providers. They highlight the complex nature of IPV experiences faced by migrant women and the importance of understanding how different types of IPV can impact migrant mental health, in order to ensure survivors receive adequate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Bentley
- Instituto de Investigación en Políticas de Bienestar Social (Polibienestar), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Riutort-Mayol
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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109
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Porsch LM, Xu M, Veldhuis CB, Bochicchio LA, Zollweg SS, Hughes TL. Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual Minority Women: A Scoping Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:3014-3036. [PMID: 36154756 PMCID: PMC10039964 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among sexual minority women (SMW). However, compared to IPV research with heterosexual women and other LGBTQ+ population groups, SMW are understudied. We conducted a scoping review to examine the current state of knowledge about IPV among SMW, and to identify gaps and directions for future research. A search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases returned 1,807 papers published between January 2000 and December 2021. After independent reviewers screened these papers for relevance, 99 were included in the final review. Papers were included if they used quantitative methods and reported IPV data on adult SMW separately from other groups. Findings confirmed high rates of IPV among SMW and highlighted groups with particular vulnerabilities, including non-monosexual women and SMW of color. Risk factors for IPV in this population include prior trauma and victimization, psychological and emotional concerns, substance use, and minority stressors. Outcomes include poor mental and physical health. Findings related to the effects of minority stressors on IPV and comparisons across sexual minority groups were inconsistent. Future research should focus on IPV perpetration; mechanisms underlying risk for IPV, including structural-level risk factors; and understanding differences among SMW subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariah Xu
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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110
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Nation A, Pacella R, Monks C, Mathews B, Meinck F. Prevalence of violence against children in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 146:106518. [PMID: 37944361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against children can have extensive, long-term, and far-reaching adverse impacts on survivors and society. There is currently little consensus in the United Kingdom around the prevalence of violence against children: maltreatment, intimate partner violence, sexual violence, bullying, and community violence, and most existing studies focus on only a single or a few forms of violence. This study aims to produce data to highlight the current magnitude of the problem in the UK, to inform policy, drive action and allow for monitoring of progress over time. OBJECTIVE To produce weighted prevalence estimates by violence type, as well as gender and age sub-categories, to give as full a picture as possible of the current prevalence of violence against children in the UK. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The prevalence of violence against children from 23 self-report studies conducted in the United Kingdom was gathered through a systematic review. METHODS Databases were searched from inception to 24th June 2022. Studies were reviewed systematically for appropriate data and meta-analyses were conducted to give pooled prevalence data based on a quality effects model. RESULTS The most prevalent self-reported experience of childhood violence was community violence at 27.33 % (95 % CI [9.84, 48.97]). Prevalence of bullying was also high at 22.75 % (95 % CI [13.25, 33.86]). The most prevalent forms of child maltreatment were domestic violence exposure at 11.9 % (95 % CI [6.34, 18.84]) and emotional maltreatment at 11.84 % (95 % CI [5.58, 19.89]). CONCLUSION National child maltreatment surveys are needed in the UK, using a comprehensive and conceptually robust approach, and valid and reliable instruments, to provide data for researchers and policymakers on the prevalence of all types of violence against children including exposure to multiple types. This allows monitoring of trends over time, can inform strategies for prevention, and can enable monitoring of future progress in reducing violence against children and its associated health and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nation
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Park Row, Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosana Pacella
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Park Row, Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Monks
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Park Row, Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Mathews
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, 130 Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, United Kingdom; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Optentia, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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111
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Onyango EO, Elliott SJ. Victims or perpetrators, agency, and politics of intimate partner violence in the social construction of health and wellbeing: a qualitative study from Kenya. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2272762. [PMID: 37955525 PMCID: PMC10653651 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2272762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Deeply rooted cultural beliefs and norms relating to the position and the responsibilities assigned to men and women play a significant role in propagating intimate partner violence (IPV). It is yet to be understood in what ways experiences of IPV contribute to how people socially construct their health and wellbeing as they navigate the tensions created by the prevailing sociocultural systems. To address this knowledge gap, we employed a social constructionist perspective and the eco-social model to explore how Kenyans aged 25-49 years socially construct their health and wellbeing in relation to their experiences of IPV. We conducted nine in-depth interviews and ten focus group discussions in four counties in Kenya between January and April of 2017. Textual analysis of the narratives reveals that although men are usually framed as perpetrators of violence, they may also be victims of reciprocal aggression by women, as recently witnessed in cases where women retaliate through gang attacks, chopping of male genitalia, and scalding with water. However, women are still disproportionately affected by gender-based violence because of the deeply rooted gender imbalances in patriarchal societies. Women experience social stigma associated with such violence and when separated or divorced in situations of unsafe relationships, they are viewed as social misfits. As such, most women opt to stay in unhealthy relationships to avoid social isolation. These experiences are not only unhealthy for their psychological wellbeing but also for their physical health and socioeconomic status and that of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O. Onyango
- Assistant Professor, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, AB T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susan J. Elliott
- Professor, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1Canada
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112
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Barchielli B, Lausi G, Pizzo A, Messineo M, Del Casale A, Giannini AM, Ferracuti S. A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:2953-2965. [PMID: 36062902 PMCID: PMC10594836 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women's rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: "Risk and vulnerability factors," "Consequences and implications," and "Interventions and treatments." Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view.
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113
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Zhang Y, Shen F, Paredes J, Lindsay D, Liu Q, Madre N, Penna A, Morris T. Exploring the complex links between childhood exposure to intimate partner violence, maltreatment, and self-regulation: A three-wave cross-lagged study. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 146:106507. [PMID: 37879255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) often co-occurs with childhood maltreatment and negatively impacts children's development. While previous research has shown a direct link between these experiences and children's self-regulation, less is known about the potential unique effect and bidirectional associations between them. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the bidirectional effects among maternal IPV experiences, child maltreatment, and children's behavioral self-regulation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 4,402 participants from three waves of the longitudinal study of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) were included in the study. METHODS Cross-lagged path analyses were conducted to examine the longitudinal reciprocal relationships among IPV, child maltreatment, and children's behavioral regulation when children were 3, 5, and 9 years old. RESULTS IPV exposure at ages 3 and 5 was negatively associated with levels of behavioral self-regulation at ages 5 and 9, even after accounting for physical maltreatment, psychological maltreatment, or neglect. Neglect at ages 3 and 5 was found to be associated with lower levels of behavioral self-regulation at later ages, when IPV exposure was considered in the models. Lower levels of behavioral self-regulation at age 3 were found to be linked with higher levels of psychological maltreatment, physical maltreatment, neglect, and IPV exposure at age 5. CONCLUSION This study revealed bidirectional effects between maternal IPV experiences, child maltreatment, and children's behavioral self-regulation. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that exposure to IPV during early childhood significantly predicts long-term behavioral self-regulation difficulties, even after controlling for the effects of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Clarkson University, United States of America.
| | - Fei Shen
- Kean University, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Penna
- Clarkson University, United States of America
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114
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Amaoui S, Marín-Morales A, Martín-Pérez C, Pérez-García M, Verdejo-Román J, Morawetz C. Intrinsic neural network dynamics underlying the ability to down-regulate emotions in male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2025-2040. [PMID: 37689595 PMCID: PMC10587320 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has pointed to difficulties in emotion regulation as a risk factor for perpetrating intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). While efforts have been made to understand the brain mechanisms underlying emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal, little is known about the intrinsic neural dynamics supporting this strategy in male perpetrators. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterise the network dynamics underlying reappraisal. Spectral dynamic causal modelling was performed to examine the effective connectivity (EC) within a predefined reappraisal-related brain network. 26 men convicted for an IPVAW crime [male perpetrators] were compared to 29 men convicted of other crimes [other offenders] and 29 men with no criminal records [non-offenders]. The ability to down-regulate emotions in response to IPVAW stimuli was used as a covariate to explore its association with male perpetrators' EC. The analysis revealed that (1) compared to non-offenders, both convicted groups exhibited increased EC within prefrontal areas, enhanced EC from prefrontal to temporoparietal regions and decreased EC in the opposite direction; (2) male perpetrators compared to other offenders showed increased EC from temporoparietal to prefrontal regions and, increased EC from the supplementary motor area to frontal areas; (3) connections involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were found to be potential predictors of the ability to down-regulate emotions. The study provides a deeper characterisation of the brain architecture of the processes that underlie IPVAW. This knowledge could inform the work of adaptive emotion regulation strategies in intervention programmes for male perpetrators in order to reduce the high recidivism rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Amaoui
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agar Marín-Morales
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus María Zambrano. Plaza de la Universidad 1, 40005, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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115
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Hall M, Hill E, Moreland G, Hales GK, Boduszek D, Debowska A. Profiles of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:3280-3296. [PMID: 36197066 PMCID: PMC10594847 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221126183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Person-centered approaches, such as latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profile analysis (LPA), aid the identification of subgroups within sample populations. These methods can identify the patterns of co-occurrence between different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), providing valuable information for prevention and intervention efforts. The aim of this systematic review was to yield a summary and conduct a critical evaluation of the current research that utilizes LCA/LPA to investigate IPV victimization profiles. We provide an outline of 14 relevant studies, retrieved from searches conducted on PsycInfo, Scopus, and Eric databases. There was a large amount of variability in relation to the forms of IPV assessed, measures utilized, number of classes identified, and the sample populations recruited. However, broad similarities were revealed as there were some commonly identified classes, including the no/low violence class, the physical and psychological victimization class, and the multiple victimization class, yet the labels assigned to those classes differed across studies. A range of external criteria (risk factors and consequences) were also identified as being associated with class membership. We highlight the methodological features which may have impacted data collection and class enumeration, including the differences in sample population, the range of IPV indicators assessed, the time period from which IPV data were recorded, and whether data were collected regarding participants' current or previous relationships. Marginalized populations were underrepresented, and psychological abuse was most inconsistently operationalized. Recommendations for future research are provided, including recommendations with regard to labeling the classes for greater consistency across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Boduszek
- University of Huddersfield, UK
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland
| | - Agata Debowska
- The University of Sheffield, UK
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland
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116
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Edwards LM, Torres L, Lewis KD, Loyo K. Hope as a Moderator of Intimate Partner Violence and Suicide Risk Behaviors Among Latinas. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:3143-3157. [PMID: 37710990 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the role of hope in the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicide risk behaviors among a community sample of Latinas (N = 180). Moderation analyses revealed significant interaction effects demonstrating that both aspects of hope-agency and pathways-were associated with suicide risk behaviors at high levels of IPV. Results suggest hope may be helpful when IPV is at low levels, but it may exacerbate suicide risk when high levels of IPV are experienced among Latinas. Future directions and implications are discussed, including the importance of understanding the unique cultural context in which Latina survivors exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Edwards
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lucas Torres
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kayla Deanna Lewis
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karina Loyo
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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117
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McManus S, Bebbington PE, Tanczer L, Scott S, Howard LM. Receiving threatening or obscene messages from a partner and mental health, self-harm and suicidality: results from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1749-1759. [PMID: 34322732 PMCID: PMC8318057 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Threatening or obscene messaging is repeated, unwanted texts, emails, letters or cards experienced by the recipient as threatening or obscene, and causing fear, alarm or distress. It is rarely examined as an aspect of intimate partner violence. We describe the prevalence of exposure to threatening/obscene messaging from a current or ex-partner; characteristics of victims; and associations with other forms of violence and abuse, mental disorder, self-harm, and suicidality. METHODS Cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the general population in England aged 16 + . Multivariable regression modelling tested associations between receipt of threatening/obscene messaging and current common mental disorder, past-year self-harm and suicidality. RESULTS Threatening/obscene messages were received from a current/ex-partner by 6.6% (95%CI: 5.9-7.3) of adults who had been in a relationship; 1.7% received these in the past year. Victims were more likely to be female, under 35, single or divorced, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and to have experienced other forms of sexual and partner violence and abuse. Those who received threatening/obscene messages in the past year were more likely to experience common mental disorder (adjusted odds ratio 1.89; 1.01-3.55), self-harm (2.31; 1.00-5.33), and suicidal thoughts (2.00; 1.06-3.78). CONCLUSION Threatening/obscene messaging commonly occurs in the context of intimate partner violence. While often occurring alongside sexual and physical violence, messaging has an additional association with mental disorder and suicidality. Routine enquiry in service settings concerning safety, including those working with people who have escaped domestic violence, should ask about ongoing contact from previous as well as current partners. This should include asking about messaging, as well as other forms of potentially technology-enabled abuse which may become increasingly common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally McManus
- Violence and Society Centre, City, University of London, London, UK.
- National Centre for Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK.
| | | | - Leonie Tanczer
- Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Louise M Howard
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
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118
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Tavrow P, Paulus K, Huynh D, Yoo C, Liang D, Pathomrit W, Withers M. Psychosocial barriers to, and enablers of, intimate partner violence disclosure among Asian-American immigrant women. Cult Health Sex 2023; 25:1659-1674. [PMID: 36794320 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2175910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although Asian women immigrants to the USA rarely disclose intimate partner violence, local research indicates that among them domestic abuse is prevalent. This study aimed to determine the main psychosocial barriers and enablers to disclosure among Asian-American women in California, and whether barriers outweighed benefits. We used a novel qualitative methodology of indirect and direct questioning with sixty married women from four ethnicities (Korean, Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese). Overall, barriers to disclosure were more compelling and tangible than enablers, particularly among Mandarin Chinese and Korean speakers. Five main barriers were found: victim-blaming, beliefs in female inferiority and male dominance, familial shame, individual shame and fear of undesirable consequences. Only extreme violence and the need to protect children from harm were seen as warranting disclosure. As a result, health and other providers' encouragement of disclosure is unlikely to be sufficient to achieve behavioural change. Abused Asian immigrant women need anonymous ways of obtaining professional counselling, information and resources. In addition, community-level awareness programmes in Asian languages are needed to reduce victim-blaming and misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tavrow
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Paulus
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Huynh
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Yoo
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Di Liang
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wanda Pathomrit
- Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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119
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Louw H, Nomdo G, Nencel L. 'Every slap demeans me': at the intersection of disability, masculinity and intimate partner violence in the Global South. Cult Health Sex 2023; 25:1583-1596. [PMID: 36541734 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2156616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The experiences of heterosexual men with paraplegia who are the victims of intimate partner violence remains an under-researched area. This article responds to the call for more research and offers an analysis of the narratives of five working-class coloured men in Cape Town, South Africa, who acquired spinal cord injuries and then fell victim to intimate partner violence. Narrative interviews were conducted with men and their wives. Drawing on Tarzia's notion of the 'invisible impacts of intimate partner violence', narrative analysis explored the meanings and complexities involved in (re)claiming a sense of identity and sexual intimacy among these men, after their experiences of intimate partner violence. In many cases, the abuse was levelled against them as acts of revenge for having previously been violent non-disabled men. Wives' narratives show nuances that complement the narratives of their partners as they too reflect on what it means to hold a space of safety, emotional stability, intimacy, love, and care for a paralysed husband, after the prior experience of intimate partner violence. Findings provide insight into ways of surviving intimate partner violence and (re)building healthy sexual relationships. At the intersection of intimate partner violence, disability and masculinity, the process of self-healing and (re)building satisfying intimate relations coexists with breaking the silence surrounding intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helenard Louw
- Sociology, Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gideon Nomdo
- Language Development Unit, Academic Development Program Centre for Higher Education Development (CHED), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lorraine Nencel
- Sociology, Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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120
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Saunders KRK, Landau S, Howard LM, Fisher HL, Arseneault L, McLeod GFH, Oram S. Past-year intimate partner violence perpetration among people with and without depression: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-mediation analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1735-1747. [PMID: 34842963 PMCID: PMC10627935 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether (1) depression is associated with increased risk of past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, disaggregated by sex, after controlling for potential confounders; (2) observed associations are mediated by alcohol misuse or past-year IPV victimisation. METHODS Systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-mediation analysis of general population surveys of participants aged 16 years or older, that were conducted in a high-income country setting, and measured mental disorder and IPV perpetration in the last 12 months. RESULTS Four datasets contributed to meta-mediation analyses, with a combined sample of 12,679 participants. Depression was associated with a 7.4% and 4.8% proportion increase of past-year physical IPV perpetration among women and men, respectively. We found no evidence of mediation by alcohol misuse. Among women, past-year IPV victimisation mediated 45% of the total effect of depression on past-year IPV perpetration. Past-year severe IPV victimisation mediated 60% of the total effect of depression on past-year severe IPV perpetration. We could not investigate IPV victimisation as a mediator among men due to perfect prediction. CONCLUSIONS Mental health services, criminal justice services, and domestic violence perpetrator programmes should be aware that depression is associated with increased risk of IPV perpetration. Interventions to reduce IPV victimisation might help prevent IPV perpetration by women. Data collection on mental disorder and IPV perpetration should be strengthened in future population-based surveys, with greater consistency of data collection across surveys, as only four studies were able to contribute to the meta-mediation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R K Saunders
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sabine Landau
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Geraldine F H McLeod
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sian Oram
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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121
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McCauley HL, Reid TA, Anderson RE, Ast R, Zelazny S, Miller E. Contextualizing Cisgender Women's Histories of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization With Men and Women. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:3244-3262. [PMID: 37710991 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231199110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minoritized women (SMW) are more likely than exclusively heterosexual women to experience intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted in-depth interviews with a clinic-based sample of plurisexual SMW (n = 25) ages 18 to 34 about the gender of their perpetrators. Participants primarily experienced physical and sexual IPV in relationships with men and emotional abuse in relationships with women. IPV perpetrated by men often included weapons with women fearing for their lives. Offering patients information about IPV resources and supports that do not make assumptions about women's sexualities may create more opportunity for empathic and effective communication with SMW experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor A Reid
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - RaeAnn E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Roxanna Ast
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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122
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Smith A, Bryson H, Gartland D, Mensah F, Wood CE, Price A. Mothers' experiences of emotional abuse from an intimate partner and its associations with children's developmental outcomes at 5 years. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 146:106458. [PMID: 37866251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with an increased risk of poorer child development. Existing research has focused on physical abuse with less known about the associations with emotional IPV. OBJECTIVE To describe the period prevalence of mother's experiences of emotional IPV during children's preschool years and associations with child mental, physical, social, and cognitive development. METHODS Secondary analysis of control group data (n = 194) from an Australian randomised trial (right@home), which recruited pregnant women experiencing social adversity from antenatal clinics in 2013-14. Women reported emotional abuse (Composite Abuse Scale) at child ages 3-5 years. Measures of child development at 5 years included: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Social Skills Improvement System, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, School Entry Alphabetic and Phonological Awareness Readiness Test, NIH executive function subtests, sleep and health. The prevalence of emotional IPV from 3 to 5 years was estimated. Regression models compared developmental outcomes according to emotional IPV exposure, adjusted for child age, child gender, and maternal education. Missing data were accounted for using multiple imputation. RESULTS From 3-5 years, emotional IPV was experienced by 57% of women. Emotional IPV exposure was consistently associated with poorer child developmental outcomes. Differences were most apparent for SDQ internalising (mean difference 1.2, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.1) and externalising difficulties (1.2, 95% CI -0.1 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS Emotional IPV was highly prevalent amongst families experiencing social adversity. Developing acceptable and effective identification processes and interventions that prioritise families experiencing co-occurring social adversities should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Smith
- Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Hannah Bryson
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Deirdre Gartland
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine E Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Anna Price
- Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Mootz JJ, Spencer CM, Ettelbrick J, Kann B, Fortunato dos Santos P, Palmer M, Stith SM. Risk Markers for Victimization and Perpetration of Male-to-Female Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:3433-3444. [PMID: 36373646 PMCID: PMC10583092 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221129589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) incurs significant public health consequences. Understanding risk markers can accelerate prevention and response efforts, important in settings like Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where resources are scarce. In this study, four databases were searched to identify studies that examined risk markers for male-to-female physical IPV. With application of the socioecological model, we analyzed 11 risk markers for male physical IPV perpetration (with 71 effect sizes) and 16 risk markers for female physical IPV victimization (with 131 effect sizes) in SSA from 51 studies. For male IPV perpetration, we found medium-to-large effect sizes for six risk markers: perpetrating emotional abuse and sexual IPV, witnessing parental IPV, being abused as a child, cohabitating (not married), and exhibiting controlling behaviors. We found small effect sizes for substance use. Employment, age, marital status, and education were not significant risk markers. For female IPV victimization, a medium effect size was found for post-traumatic stress symptoms. Small effect sizes were found for reporting depressive symptoms, being abused as a child, witnessing parental IPV, and reporting drug and alcohol use. Rural residence, approval of violence, length of relationship, income, education, employment, age, marital status, and religiosity were not significant risk markers. Findings highlight opportunities for screening and intervention at the couple level, show the need to test and incorporate interventions for IPV in mental health treatment, and emphasize the importance of further research on sociodemographic risk markers and the interventions that target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Mootz
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | | | | | - Bianca Kann
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
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124
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Lamoreau R, Obus E, Koren-Karie N, Gray SAO. The Protective Effects of Parent-Child Emotion Dialogues for Preschoolers Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:613-639. [PMID: 37962391 PMCID: PMC10841411 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2023.2272268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during early childhood is associated with self-regulation difficulties. Caregivers can facilitate children's self-regulation through emotion-focused conversations about past experiences, buffering downstream effects. However, caregivers experiencing violence may avoid distressing emotions activated by such conversations. This paper explores two different models of relational stress responses, one involving indirect effects (i.e. spillover effects) and the other moderation (i.e. buffering effects). Mothers (n = 117), oversampled for violence exposure, self-reported on IPV and participated in an emotional reminiscing task with children (aged 3-5 years); narratives were coded for maternal sensitive guidance. Maternal sensitive guidance was related to children's self-regulation. Sensitive guidance did not have indirect effects in the association between IPV exposure and children's self-regulation, but did buffer the association between physical IPV and self-regulation; this pattern did not hold for psychological IPV. Results suggest sensitive guidance during reminiscing may promote self-regulation in contexts of high IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Lamoreau
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elsa Obus
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nina Koren-Karie
- Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarah A O Gray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
This study examines how gender interacts with polyvictimization patterns in survivors' health problems using 8,587 survivors of intimate partner violence from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally representative sample collected in 2010. Polyvictimization included six categories that were created in our previous work: sexual violence, physical and psychological violence, coercive control, multiple violence, stalking, and psychological aggression. Multiple violence was associated with chronic pain, headache, difficulty sleeping, and poor health perception. Females experiencing coercive control were more likely to have chronic pain than males. The appropriate assessment of gendered patterns of polyvictimization, and relevant subsequent services and support will better address health problems among survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkag Cho
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Woojong Kim
- Social Work Program, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Abbie Nelson
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Allen
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Sarica Çevik H, Tekiner S, Ceyhun Peker AG, Ungan M. Attitudes and behaviours of family physicians towards clinical practice around intimate partner violence: a view from the Çankaya district of Ankara, Turkey. Aust J Prim Health 2023; 29:625-636. [PMID: 37345261 DOI: 10.1071/py22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although family physicians (FPs) often encounter patients who have been subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV), the data on FPs' response to IPV is limited. This study aimed to determine FPs' attitudes towards IPV survivors in the Çankaya district of Ankara, Turkey. METHODS An online questionnaire designed to elicit sociodemographic information and FPs' attitudes towards IPV was distributed between 20 August 2021 and 20 October 2021. RESULTS Eighty-nine FPs participated in the study. Of the participants, 71.9% had a patient diagnosed with IPV during their practice. Of these physicians, 100% diagnosed physical, 56.3% sexual, 71.9% psychological, 53.1% economic, and 10.9% cyber violence. Among these physicians, sexual, psychological, and economic violence were determined at higher rates by family medicine specialists (FMSs) compared to general practitioners (GPs), by FPs who had received IPV training compared to those who were untrained, and by female physicians compared to males (P <0.05). Despite diagnosing IPV, some physicians did not intervene/guide their patients, and some only consoled their patients because they thought the situation was inevitable. The reasons for not taking official action included insufficient time, feeling uncomfortable talking about violence, lack of information about the detection and reporting, and the thought that the woman would not leave her abusive partner. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that among the physicians who encountered IPV, female sex, family medicine speciality training, and IPV training resulted in acting more consciously in diagnosing violence, implementing referral and notification systems, and approaching IPV survivors. The prevention of IPV could be made possible by supporting FPs with ongoing training, breaking down stereotypes and prejudices about gender roles, and changing the structures that maintain unequal power relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selda Tekiner
- Department of Family Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Altindag, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Ungan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Altindag, Ankara 06230, Turkey
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Dams-O'Connor K, Seifert AC, Crary JF, Delman BN, Del Bigio MR, Kovacs GG, Lee EB, Nolan AL, Pruyser A, Selmanovic E, Stewart W, Woodoff-Leith E, Folkerth RD. The neuropathology of intimate partner violence. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:803-815. [PMID: 37897548 PMCID: PMC10627910 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Lifelong brain health consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) include the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Up to one-third of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime, often with TBI, yet remarkably little is known about the range of autopsy neuropathologies encountered in IPV. We report a prospectively accrued case series from a single institution, the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, evaluated in partnership with the Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, using a multimodal protocol comprising clinical history review, ex vivo imaging in a small subset, and comprehensive neuropathological assessment by established consensus protocols. Fourteen brains were obtained over 2 years from women with documented IPV (aged 3rd-8th decade; median, 4th) and complex histories including prior TBI in 6, nonfatal strangulation in 4, cerebrovascular, neurological, and/or psychiatric conditions in 13, and epilepsy in 7. At autopsy, all had TBI stigmata (old and/or recent). In addition, white matter regions vulnerable to diffuse axonal injury showed perivascular and parenchymal iron deposition and microgliosis in some subjects. Six cases had evidence of cerebrovascular disease (lacunes and/or chronic infarcts). Regarding neurodegenerative disease pathologies, Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change was present in a single case (8th decade), with no chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change (CTE-NC) identified in any. Findings from this initial series then prompted similar exploration in an expanded case series of 70 archival IPV cases (aged 2nd-9th decade; median, 4th) accrued from multiple international institutions. In this secondary case series, we again found evidence of vascular and white matter pathologies. However, only limited neurodegenerative proteinopathies were encountered in the oldest subjects, none meeting consensus criteria for CTE-NC. These observations from this descriptive exploratory study reinforce a need to consider broad co-morbid and neuropathological substrates contributing to brain health outcomes in the context of IPV, some of which may be potentially modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan C Seifert
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley N Delman
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 401 Brodie Centre, 727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diagnostic Services - Pathology, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amber L Nolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ariel Pruyser
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enna Selmanovic
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Stewart
- Department of Neuropathology, Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G514TF, Queen, UK
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Emma Woodoff-Leith
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D Folkerth
- Office of Chief Medical Examiner, 520 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10116, USA.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Long H, Liu L, Dai L, Cao W, Liu J, Liu M. Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among People With HIV: A Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study in China. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1592-1599. [PMID: 37565503 PMCID: PMC10681864 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and exacerbating factors of intimate partner violence in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) in China, we conducted a cross-sectional study, involving 2792 PWH in 4 provinces in China from 1 September 2020 to 1 June 2021. The categories of intimate partner violence (IPV) included physical violence, sexual violence, emotional abuse, and controlling behavior. The severity of a violent act was divided into mild, moderate, and severe. Among PWH, the prevalence of IPV was 15.4% (95% confidence interval, 14.1%-16.8%). The severity of physical violence was mainly moderate, and the severity of sexual violence, emotional abuse, and controlling behavior was mainly mild. The prevalence of IPV in men was higher than that in women. Results from the multivariable logistic regression showed that age, ethnic, registered residence, education, and duration of HIV antiretroviral therapy were factors related to IPV in PWH (P < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Long
- Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center, Guizhou, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Shangqiu Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Henan, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxian Cao
- Hefei Infectious Disease Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Encina E, Waratworawan W, Kongjareon Y, Desai MM, Guadamuz TE. Sexual orientation disclosure and depression among Thai gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: The roles of social support and intimate partner violence. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294496. [PMID: 37992077 PMCID: PMC10664870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM), sexual orientation disclosure to social groups can act as a significant risk for depression. The primary goal of this research is to understand the association between disclosure and depression, the association of social support and intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences, depression, and disclosure. METHODS This project uses a secondary dataset of Thailand from a larger cross-sectional study distributed in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region. This study utilized web-based answers from 1468 Thai GBM respondents between the ages of 15-24 years. RESULTS Prevalence of depression was over 50%. Across the social groups of interest, those who disclosed to everyone had the lowest depression prevalence. This association was statistically significant for all groups (p<0.050) except for "Family members" (p = 0.052). There was a statistically significant association illustrated between full disclosure to social groups and increased social support. Most respondents (43.9%) had low social support, and additionally this group had the highest level of depression, compared to those with high social support. There was a statistically significant association for lowered depression outcomes and increased social support. IPV experiences that occurred within the last six months had a statistically significant relationship with depression (p = 0.002). There was a notable association between those with experiences of being a victim of IPV, alone and in conjunction with experience of being a perpetrator of IPV, which was associated with increased odds of depression. However, the type of IPV experiences an individual had did not differ based on disclosure status. DISCUSSION This study provides strengthened evidence of the impact that differences in supportive networks can have on mental health outcomes. In addition, they provided a wider consideration for how people may have different IPV experiences, either as a perpetrator, victim, or both, and how those shapes health outcomes of depression. GBM communities still face adversity and challenges that affect their long-term health outcomes, even if they do live in what is considered an accepting country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Encina
- Mahidol Center for Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Worawalan Waratworawan
- Mahidol Center for Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Society and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yamol Kongjareon
- Mahidol Center for Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayur M. Desai
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Guadamuz
- Mahidol Center for Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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130
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Crapolicchio E, Cinquegrana V, Regalia C. The Role of Positivity on Depressive Symptoms in Women Seeking Help for Intimate Partner Violence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:7078. [PMID: 37998309 PMCID: PMC10671117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and pervasive global phenomenon. Despite extensive research on physical and sexual violence, there has been a relative lack of investigation into the detrimental and distinctive consequences of psychological violence against women. This is surprising given the profound impact it has on the psychological well-being of victims, notably in the form of depression, which is commonly observed as an outcome in cases of psychological IPV victimization. The present study analyzes the impact of psychological IPV on depressive symptoms, considering the moderating influence of personal positivity, defined as positive self-perceptions, optimistic life perspectives, and a hopeful view of the future in a sample of 171 Italian women seeking assistance from anti-violence centers in different localities of Italy. The findings show that in line with the hypothesis, the association between psychological violence and depressive symptoms is moderated by the levels of perceived positivity, even when controlling for instances of physical violence. These results and implications for interventions are discussed within the framework of existing literature on positive psychology and psychological well-being in the context of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenza Cinquegrana
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
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Nishat JF, Khan US, Shovo TEA, Ahammed B, Rahman MM, Hossain MT. Patterns, prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence and its association with mental health status during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study on early married female adolescents in Khulna district, Bangladesh. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072279. [PMID: 37977869 PMCID: PMC10660971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to identify the patterns, prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) against female adolescents and its association with mental health problems. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTINGS Dumuria Upazila (subdistrict) under the Khulna district of Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS A total of 304 participants were selected purposively based on some specifications: they must be female adolescents, residents of Dumuria Upazila and married during the COVID-19 pandemic when under 18 years of age. OUTCOME MEASURES By administering a semi-structured interview schedule, data were collected regarding IPV using 12 five-point Likert scale items; a higher score from the summation reflects frequent violence. RESULTS The findings suggest that the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional IPV among the 304 participants, who had an average age of 17.1 years (SD=1.42), was 89.5%, 87.8% and 93.7%, respectively, whereas 12.2% of the participants experienced severe physical IPV, 9.9% experienced severe sexual IPV and 10.5% experienced severe emotional IPV. Stepwise regression models identified age at marriage (p=0.001), number of miscarriages (p=0.005), education of spouse (p=0.001), income of spouse (p=0.016), age gap between spouses (p=0.008), marital adjustment (p<0.001) and subjective happiness (p<0.001) as significant risk factors. Hierarchical regression, however, indicated that age at marriage (p<0.001), age gap between spouses (p<0.001), marital adjustment (p<0.001) and subjective happiness (p<0.001) had negative associations with IPV, while the number of miscarriages (p<0.001) had a positive relationship. Pearson's correlation showed that IPV was significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in IPV and mental health problems among early married adolescents was documented. To reduce physical and mental harm and to assure their well-being, preventive and rehabilitative measures should be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umme Salma Khan
- Sociology Discipline, School of Social Science, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiq-E-Ahmed Shovo
- Sociology Discipline, School of Social Science, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Benojir Ahammed
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Hossain
- Sociology Discipline, School of Social Science, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Anguzu R, Cassidy LD, Nakimuli AO, Kansiime J, Babikako HM, Beyer KMM, Walker RJ, Wandira C, Kizito F, Dickson-Gomez J. Healthcare provider experiences interacting with survivors of intimate partner violence: a qualitative study to inform survivor-centered approaches. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:584. [PMID: 37940914 PMCID: PMC10634177 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive form of gender-based violence (GBV) that is largely undisclosed, especially among women seeking healthcare services in Uganda. Prioritizing survivor needs may improve IPV disclosure. This study explores healthcare worker experiences from provider-patient interactions with survivors seeking antenatal care services (ANC) in Uganda. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted among twenty-eight experienced healthcare providers in a rural and an urban-based ANC clinic in Eastern and Central Uganda. Providers were asked what they viewed as the needs and fears of women identified as having experienced any form of IPV. Iterative, inductive/deductive thematic analysis was conducted to discover themes regarding perceived needs, fears, and normalizing violence experienced by IPV survivors. RESULTS According to healthcare providers, IPV survivors are unaware of available support services, and have need for support services. Providers reported that some survivors were afraid of the consequences of IPV disclosure namely, community stigma, worries about personal and their children's safety, retaliatory abuse, fear of losing their marriage, and partners' financial support. Women survivors also blamed themselves for IPV. Contextual factors underlying survivor concerns included the socio-economic environment that 'normalizes' violence, namely, some cultural norms condoning violence, and survivors' unawareness of their human rights due to self-blame and shame for abuse. CONCLUSIONS We underscore a need to empower IPV survivors by prioritizing their needs. Results highlight opportunities to create a responsive healthcare environment that fosters IPV disclosure while addressing survivors' immediate medical and psychosocial needs, and safety concerns. Our findings will inform GBV prevention and response strategies that integrate survivor-centered approaches in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anguzu
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US.
| | - Laura D Cassidy
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
| | - Annettee O Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Harriet M Babikako
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, New Mulago Gate Road, Mulago, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Child Health and Development Center, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 7072, Mulago Hill, Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kirsten M M Beyer
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
| | - Rebekah J Walker
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | | | - Felix Kizito
- District Health Office, Luuka District Local Government, Iganga, Uganda
| | - Julia Dickson-Gomez
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
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Anguzu R, Walker RJ, Beyer KMM, Zhou Y, Babikako HM, Dickson-Gomez J, Cassidy LD. Spatial accessibility to health facilities among pregnant women with and without exposure to intimate partner violence in Uganda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:767. [PMID: 37924014 PMCID: PMC10623746 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor physical access to health facilities could increase the likelihood of undetected intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy. We aimed to determine sub-regional differences and associations between spatial accessibility to health facilities and IPV among pregnant women in Uganda. METHOD Weighted cross-sectional analyses were conducted using merged 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey and 2014 Uganda Bureau of Statistics health facility datasets. Our study population were 986 women who self-reported being currently pregnant and responded to IPV items. Outcome was spatial accessibility computed as the near point linear distance [< 5 km (optimal) vs. ≥ 5 km (low)] between women's enumeration area and health facility according to government reference cutoffs. Primary independent variable (any IPV) was defined as exposure to at least one of physical, emotional, and sexual IPV forms. Logistic regression models were sequentially adjusted for covariates in blocks based on Andersen's behavioral model of healthcare utilization. Covariates included predisposing (maternal age, parity, residence, partner controlling behavior), enabling (wealth index, occupation, education, economic empowerment, ANC visit frequency), and need (wanted current pregnancy, difficulty getting treatment money, afraid of partner, and accepted partner abuse) factors. RESULTS Respondents' mean age was 26.1 years with ± 9.4 standard deviations (SD), mean number of ANC visits was 3.8 (± 1.5 SD) and 492/986 (49.9%) pregnant women experienced IPV. Median spatial accessibility to the nearest health facility was 4.1 km with interquartile range (IQR) from 0.2 to 329.1 km. Southwestern, and Teso subregions had the highest average percentage of pregnant women experiencing IPV (63.8-66.6%) while Karamoja subregion had the highest median spatial accessibility (7.0 to 9.3 km). In the adjusted analysis, pregnant women exposed to IPV had significantly higher odds of low spatial accessibility to nearest health facilities when compared to pregnant women without IPV exposure after controlling for enabling factors in Model 2 (aOR 1.6; 95%CI 1.2, 2.3) and need factors in Model 3 (aOR 1.5; 95%CI 1.1, 3.8). CONCLUSIONS Spatial accessibility to health facilities were significantly lower among pregnant women with IPV exposure when compared to those no IPV exposure. Improving proximity to the nearest health facilities with ANC presents an opportunity to intervene among pregnant women experiencing IPV. Focused response and prevention interventions for violence against pregnant women should target enabling and need factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anguzu
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Rebekah J Walker
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kirsten M M Beyer
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Harriet M Babikako
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, New Mulago Gate Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julia Dickson-Gomez
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Laura D Cassidy
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Peprah P, Asare BYA, Addo IY, Ahinkorah BO. Exposure to interparental violence and risk of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Health 2023; 15:655-663. [PMID: 36458876 PMCID: PMC10629953 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) has emerged as a serious human rights issue as well as a public health concern globally. We examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. METHODS We included 96 782 women in 23 countries with a recent DHS dataset conducted from 2012 to 2020. We employed multivariable multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between exposure to interparental violence and experience of IPV. RESULTS Overall, women who were exposed to interparental violence were more likely to experience physical (adjusted OR [aOR]=2.17, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.28), emotional (aOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.78 to 1.96) and sexual violence (aOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.15) than those who were not exposed. In all countries except Comoros, women exposed to interparental violence had higher odds of physical and emotional violence than those who were not exposed. Experience of sexual violence was higher among women exposed to interparental violence from all countries except for Liberia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. CONCLUSIONS Women's exposure to interparental violence increases their risk of experiencing IPV. Policies should focus on women or young girls who who witness IPV to reduce their likelihood of experiencing it. Special support can be provided for women who were exposed to interparental violence and are currently experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box, 257, Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
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135
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Beebe R, Fish MC, Grasso D, Bernstein B, DiVietro S, Stover CS. Reducing Family Violence Through Child Welfare Intervention: A Propensity Score-Matched Study of Fathers for Change. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:11666-11691. [PMID: 37470201 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231186121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent, costly, and detrimental to children's health and development. It often co-occurs with child abuse and neglect. Most children referred to child protective services (CPS) have witnessed IPV and are at increased risk for subsequent exposure, as well as repeat maltreatment. For CPS referred children, there is often a missed opportunity to interrupt family violence and prevent future occurrences. Fathers for Change (F4C) is a family level intervention designed to reduce IPV by improving emotion regulation and reflective functioning in fathers. To date, no study has examined whether F4C is associated with reduced recidivism in families referred to CPS. Using propensity score matching (PSM) to simulate an experimental design, the current study tests the hypothesis that families with fathers who completed F4C will have significantly lower rates of new CPS reports over a 12-month period compared to a PSM sample of families of fathers not referred to F4C. Data were extracted from a state CPS electronic case records system on all accepted child maltreatment reports received between January 1, 2015, and April 30, 2020. PSM was successful in balancing potential confounders (e.g., race, number of prior maltreatment reports, risk level, date of report), resulting in a comparison group approximate to one that could be achieved via a randomized control trial. Logistic regression analyses of 1:1 PSM pairs revealed that control fathers were 2.4 times more likely to have a repeat maltreatment report during the 12-month follow-up period than F4C fathers. These findings suggest that F4C may provide an effective approach for reducing risk of repeat maltreatment among CPS referred children with identified IPV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beebe
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Meghan C Fish
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, USA
| | - Damion Grasso
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Susan DiVietro
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
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136
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Krause-Utz A, Černáková R, Hoogenboom W, Schulze A, Büttner S, Demirelli Z, Mouthaan J, van Schie CC, Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Psychological Factors Linked to Intimate Partner Violence and Childhood Maltreatment: On Dissociation as a Possible Bridge Symptom. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:11400-11428. [PMID: 37431756 PMCID: PMC10515471 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231181377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious health concern, occurring worldwide in various forms and settings. Over the past years, multiple sources reported an increase of IPV globally, partly related to COVID-19 restrictions. Childhood maltreatment enhances the risk of IPV, possibly via alterations in emotion regulation, attachment, maladaptive core beliefs, dissociation, and psychopathological symptoms. However, studies investigating these associations simultaneously are still needed. This study aimed to investigate association between IPV, childhood maltreatment severity, maladaptive schemata (mistrust, alienation, enmeshment), attachment anxiety, social support, emotion regulation, dissociation, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms. We further explored the complex interplay of all factors, accounting for their shared associations. An anonymous online survey was posted on international online platforms for people experiencing domestic violence and on research platforms. Regression analyses and graph-theoretical network analysis were used to explore associations between all variables. N = 434 participants (40% in treatment) completed the survey. IPV perpetration and victimization were highly correlated. Both were significantly associated with childhood maltreatment severity, early maladaptive schemata, dissociation, BPD features, and PTSD symptoms. When including all variables in one model, IPV was associated with dissociation, which indirectly linked it to childhood maltreatment experiences, PTSD symptoms, withdrawal, and self-blame. Our findings suggest that IPV perpetration and victimization often co-occur. Dissociation may be an important bridge symptom, linking IPV to childhood maltreatment experiences, PTSD symptoms, and maladaptive coping. Prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings and to establish psychological mechanisms underlying IPV.
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137
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Alan Dikmen H, Tetikçok CO. The effect of physical and emotional partner violence exerted during pregnancy on prenatal attachment and depression levels in pregnant women. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22429. [PMID: 37860901 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of pregnant women to physical and emotional violence during pregnancy adversely affects the health of the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the effects of emotional and physical partner violence on prenatal attachment and depression levels in pregnant women. Five-hundred and ten pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were included in the study. A personal information form, the Epidemiological Research Center Depression Scale, and the prenatal attachment inventory (PAI) were used for data collection. Although 7.5% of the pregnant women were exposed to physical partner violence during pregnancy, 24.3% were exposed to emotional partner violence. Depression was observed in 86.9% of the pregnant women, whereas the mean PAI score was 37.29 ± 10.504. There was a statistically significant relationship between the pregnant women's exposure to physical (p = .046) and emotional partner violence (p < .001) and depression. In this study, it was determined that pregnant women's exposure to emotional partner violence poses a risk for depression during pregnancy (p < .002; odds ratio = .143). As professionals working with pregnant women, obstetricians and maternity nurses should inquire about the exposure of pregnant women to partner violence during antenatal follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Alan Dikmen
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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138
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Wang L, Hong C, He N, Xavier Hall CD, Simoni JM, Wong FY. Depression as a mediator between intimate partner violence (IPV) and CD4 cell count among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in China. AIDS Care 2023; 35:1667-1676. [PMID: 37018752 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2195608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adverse mental and physical outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. Few studies focus on psychological IPV, such as verbal threats. This study examined the associations between different forms of IPV and depression and CD4+ cell count, with depression as a mediator for the association between IPV and CD4+ cell count. Data for these analyses were derived from a larger cross-sectional study on HIV-HCV co-infection among MSM in Shanghai, China (N = 1623). We estimated the average causal mediation effects (ACME) and average direct effects (ADE) through three steps. About 16% of participants experienced IPV, with forced sex (7%), verbal threats (5%), and thrown objects (4%) being most common. Verbal threats showed the strongest link with depression and low CD4+ cell count. Depression fully mediated the relationship between verbal abuse and low CD4+ cell count, suggesting it as a potential pathway between psychological IPV and poorer HIV-related health outcomes. More research on psychological IPV is warranted to examine its health impacts. Mental health could be a potential focus of intervention to enhance HIV-related health outcomes among MSM with IPV experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chenglin Hong
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Na He
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Casey D Xavier Hall
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing (ISGMH), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jane M Simoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Gender, Women & Sexuality Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frank Y Wong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- John D. Bower School of Population Health, Department of Population Health Science, University Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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139
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Irish K, Madden K. Cochrane in CORR ® : Psychological Therapies for Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:2091-2097. [PMID: 37707505 PMCID: PMC10567031 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Irish
- Research Institute of St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Madden
- Research Institute of St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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140
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Goldberg X, Espelt C, Nadal R, Alon Y, Palao D, Bar-Haim Y, Armario A. Blunted neurobiological reactivity and attentional bias to threat underlie stress-related disorders in women survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7329-7340. [PMID: 37194497 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) alters women's neurobiological stress response systems. We propose that individual differences early in the attentional processing of threats are associated with these neurobiological mechanisms and contribute to mental illness in this population. METHODS We assessed attentional bias in relation to threat (AB) in women survivors of IPV (n = 69) and controls (n = 36), and examined overall cortisol secretion using hair cortisol (HC), and stress responsiveness measuring salivary cortisol and α-amylase (sAA) before (T0), and after (T1, T2) an acute psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). We used repeated-measures ANCOVAs to explore the associations between Group (IPV, control) and AB with acute stress response, and regression models to examine the associations with mental health symptoms. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in HC levels. An interaction between Group and AB was found regarding cortisol reactivity (p < 0.05). IPV women with threat avoidance AB showed a blunted cortisol response compared to controls and to IPV participants with threat vigilance AB. The association between sAA reactivity and the interaction between Group, AB, and time approached significance (p = 0.07), with a trend to lower sAA levels particularly in IPV women with threat avoidance AB. Group and cortisol reactivity were associated with symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (8-20% explained variance). CONCLUSIONS Threat avoidance AB is associated with blunted acute cortisol response among women exposed to chronic stress (IPV). Experiencing IPV and acute cortisol response appear to be clearly implicated in long-term mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Goldberg
- Mental Health Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Sabadell, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Espelt
- Mental Health Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Sabadell, Spain
| | - R Nadal
- Psychobiology Unit (School of Psychology), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Alon
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol Schoold of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Palao
- Mental Health Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Sabadell, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol Schoold of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Barcelona, Spain
- Animal Physiology Unit (School of Biosciences), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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141
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Carneiro JF, Silva EP, da Silva GAP, Ludermir AB. Could children exposed to intimate partner violence against their mother have more functional gastrointestinal disorders? J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:617-625. [PMID: 37356811 PMCID: PMC10594019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children. METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children's exposure to intimate partner violence. Holden's classification was used, which investigates ten types of CEIPV from prenatal care. The number of exposures, age of onset, and the perpetrator of the exposure were also verified. The FGIDs in children were identified from the mother's responses to the questionnaire about pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms, Roma III version parent-report, translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. RESULTS FGIDs were more frequent among children exposed to violence than those not exposed (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04-2.58; p = 0.03). Likewise, in children who suffered four or more types of exposure (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96; p = 0.01), in which the exposure started in the first two years of life (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.08-3.47; p = 0.02) and in those whose biological father was the perpetrator of the violence (OR; 1.62; 95% CI: 1, 05-2.48; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Corroborating the proposal of the biopsychosocial model, CEIPV increases the chance of occurrence of FGIDs in school-age children. Therefore, early identification and proposals for appropriate interventions are suggested both for the prevention of CEIPV and for the prevention and follow-up of FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyne Faierstein Carneiro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Elisabete Pereira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Giselia Alves Pontes da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernarda Ludermir
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
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142
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Leight J, Cullen C, Ranganathan M, Yakubovich A. Effectiveness of community mobilisation and group-based interventions for preventing intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04115. [PMID: 37861113 PMCID: PMC10588291 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a challenge affecting one in three women in their lifetime, and gender-transformative interventions have been identified as a promising prevention strategy. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of community-level or group-based interventions to prevent IPV in lower- and middle-income countries, seeking to answer the following research question: do community- or group-based gender-transformative interventions reduce IPV, compared to a control arm of status-quo programming? Methods We conducted a systematic search from the inception of all databases employed until 20 July 2021. Eligible study outcomes included past-year experience of physical, sexual, emotional or economic IPV self-reported by women and perpetration of physical or sexual IPV self-reported by men. We assessed study risk of bias using the updated Cochrane tool for RCTs. We estimated the pooled odds ratio (OR) using a multilevel random-effects meta-analysis and also conducted a multilevel meta-regression to analyse how study characteristics moderated the effect size. Results After screening 7363 unique records, we included 30 studies on 27 unique RCTs. Our meta-analysis suggested that community-level or group-based interventions reduced the odds of women experiencing IPV in the past year: pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63-0.97. While there was significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes between trials (I2 = 83%), potentially reflecting the diverse contexts of the included trials, our meta-regression did not indicate a significant association between intervention effectiveness and intervention type or target population. There was evidence of significant associations between effectiveness and intervention components and duration. Discussion There is strong evidence that community-level and group-based interventions reduce IPV against women. Unpacking what intervention modalities are effective in which contexts can further inform prevention strategies. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42021290193).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Leight
- Poverty, Gender and Inclusion, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Claire Cullen
- Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford University, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Meghna Ranganathan
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Alexa Yakubovich
- Dalhousie University, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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143
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Leong SE, Logan TK, Karr JE. A - 137 Head Injury Due to Intimate Partner Violence: Pain Severity and Interference. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1309. [PMID: 37807263 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad067.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined pain severity and interference in women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with and without head injuries (HIs), including women with IPV-related and non-IPV-related HIs. Hypotheses were (1) women with IPV-related HIs would report greater pain severity than women without HIs, but comparable severity to women with non-IPV-related HIs, and (2) women with IPV-related HIs would report greater pain interference than women without HIs and women with non-IPV-related HIs. METHOD Among women IPV survivors, 268 reported no HIs (M(age) = 30.9 ± 9.8 years-old, 77.2% White), 113 reported non-IPV-related HIs (M = 31.5 ± 9.2, 88.5% White), and 251 reported IPV-related HIs (M = 32.9 ± 8.9; 88.0% White). Participants reported pain severity and interference in past week. RESULTS Women with IPV-related HIs reported higher pain severity than women without HIs (p < 0.001, d = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.32, 0.66]), but comparable severity to women with non-IPV-related HIs (p = 0.233, d = 0.24 [0.02, 0.46]). Women with IPV-related HIs reported more pain interference than women without HIs (p < 0.001, d = 0.60 [0.42, 0.77]) and women with non-IPV-related HIs (p = 0.017, d = 0.34 [0.12, 0.56]); however, after controlling for covariates (demographics, physical/sexual violence), the HI groups reported similar pain interference (p = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Women with IPV-related HIs reported the highest pain severity and interference, although this difference became non-significant after controlling for lifetime IPV severity. Pain interference among women with IPV-related HIs may be related to more severe physical violence, coercive control, and emotional trauma.
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144
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Shaikh MA. Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227165. [PMID: 37920586 PMCID: PMC10619914 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a globally pervasive public health and medical problem in addition to being a serious violation of women's rights. The two-fold objectives of this study were to compute the lifetime prevalence and correlates of IPV perpetrated by current/former husbands/partners of ever-married women aged 15-49 years using the nationally representative Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2019; ethnicity-based levels and trends of IPV were also computed using the data from the DHS conducted in 2013 along with the 2019 DHS. Methods Twelve IPV correlates pertaining to socio-demographic, attitudinal, and experiential attributes were analyzed using logistic regression models for bivariate and multivariable analysis. IPV was computed as a composite variable comprising of physical, emotional, and/or sexual IPV. Results Lifetime prevalence of experiencing any kind of IPV was a staggering 60.81%, whereas emotional, physical, and sexual IPV prevalence were reported by 45.90%, 49.81%, and 8.14% of the respondents, respectively. No ethnicity reported a statistically significant decrease in any type of IPV during the intervening period between the two surveys. Five out of nine ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in emotional IPV, while few ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in one or more types of IPV. Conclusion The high lifetime prevalence of IPV is alarming and points to the need for targeted health promotion campaigns to reverse the tide of IPV in Sierra Leone, including focusing on changes in cultural and ethnicity-based norms and mores to ensure women's human rights are respected and upheld.
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145
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Fatabhoy MG, Zhu G, Lajaunie A, Schneiderhan JR, Pierce J. Intimate Partner Violence and Telemedicine Usage and Satisfaction Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Board Fam Med 2023; 36:755-765. [PMID: 37648405 DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230021r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has transformed the landscape of telemedicine utilization, shifting from predominantly in-person services to increased virtual encounters. Although telemedicine offers increased accessibility for medical care, many advocates voice concern about utilization and satisfaction with these services among individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) given the unique practical, mental, and physical health challenges many face. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate differences in telemedicine utilization and satisfaction, as well as global health and perceived loneliness, among data-driven patterns of IPV during the early phases of the pandemic. METHODS In this longitudinal survey study, participants first completed an online survey between May 2019 and February 2020 that assessed social, psychological, and physical functioning, as well as emotional and physical IPV. A follow-up survey sent in May 2020 assessed recent telemedicine use and satisfaction, as well as response to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Latent class analysis favored 4 classes of IPV that differed based on severity and features of IPV experienced. Although all 4 classes reported high satisfaction with telemedicine, individuals reporting low IPV had the highest satisfaction with telemedicine and the lowest rates of telemedicine utilization. Individuals who experienced IPV, particularly multiple forms of emotional and physical IPV, reported high physical and social concerns and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians using telemedicine should be aware of the multiple challenges faced by individuals experiencing IPV and take additional steps to ensure their needs are met in a safe way. These results have potentially important clinical and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha G Fatabhoy
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (MGF, GZ, AL, JP); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (JRS)
| | - Guohao Zhu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (MGF, GZ, AL, JP); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (JRS)
| | - Aurianna Lajaunie
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (MGF, GZ, AL, JP); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (JRS)
| | - Jill R Schneiderhan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (MGF, GZ, AL, JP); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (JRS)
| | - Jennifer Pierce
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (MGF, GZ, AL, JP); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (JRS)
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146
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Portnoy GA, Relyea MR, Presseau C, Orazietti SA, Bruce LE, Brandt CA, Martino S. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence Experience and Use in the Veterans Health Administration. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2337685. [PMID: 37831451 PMCID: PMC10576210 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The practice of screening women for intimate partner violence (IPV) in health care settings has been a critical part of responding to this major public health problem. Yet, IPV prevention would be enhanced with detection efforts that extend beyond screening for IPV experiences to identifying those who use violence in relationships as well. Objective To determine rates of IPV experiences and use (ie, among perpetrators of IPV) and factors associated with disclosures among adult patients seeking mental health services at the Veterans Health Administration. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used electronic medical record data drawn from a quality improvement initiative at 5 Veterans Health Administration medical centers conducted between November 2021 and February 2022 to examine IPV disclosures following concurrent screening for IPV experience and use. Participants included patients engaged in mental health services. Data were analyzed in April and May 2023. Exposure Mental health clinicians were trained to screen for IPV experience and use concurrently and instructed to screen all patients encountered through routine mental health care visits during a 3-month period. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest were past-year prevalence of IPV use and experience, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical diagnoses among screened patients. Results A total of 200 patients were offered IPV screening. Of 155 participants (mean [SD] age, 52.45 [15.65] years; 124 [80.0%] men) with completed screenings, 74 (47.7%) denied past-year IPV experience and use, 76 (49.0%) endorsed past-year IPV experience, and 72 (46.4%) endorsed past-year IPV use, including 67 participants (43.2%) who reported IPV experience and use concurrently; only 9 participants (5.8%) endorsed unidirectional IPV experiences and 5 participants (3.2%) endorsed unidirectional IPV use. Patients who reported past-year IPV experience and use were younger than those who denied IPV (experience: mean difference, -7.34 [95% CI, 2.51-12.17] years; use: mean difference, -7.20 [95% CI, 2.40-12.00] years). Patients with a posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis were more likely to report IPV use (43 patients [59.7%]) than those without a posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis (29 patients [40.3%]; odds ratio, 2.14; [95% CI, 1.12-4.06]). No other demographic characteristics or clinical diagnoses were associated with IPV use or experience. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of IPV rates and associated factors, screening for IPV found high rates of both IPV experience and use among patients receiving mental health care. These findings highlight the benefit of screening for IPV experience and use concurrently across gender and age. Additionally, the associations found between PTSD and IPV use underscore the importance of strengthening and developing additional targeted treatment for IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A. Portnoy
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mark R. Relyea
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Candice Presseau
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - LeAnn E. Bruce
- Veterans Healthcare Administration Intimate Partner Violence Assistance Program, Washington, District of Columbia
- Western Kentucky University School of Social Work, Bowling Green
| | - Cynthia A. Brandt
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steve Martino
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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147
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Katz CC, Okpych NJ, Charles P, Wall E, Courtney ME. Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Youth With Foster Care Histories. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:10611-10639. [PMID: 37300333 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231175910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A small but growing body of research suggests that adolescents and young adults involved with the child welfare system and those transitioning out of foster care are at heightened risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Understanding the factors that place youth at risk of IPV is central to prevention and treatment of this public health problem. However, questions remain about the prevalence and correlates of IPV among youth in foster care. Additionally, emotional abuse, a particular form of IPV in intimate partnerships, remains an understudied area in this population. This study aimed to address these gaps in research by exploring factors associated with IPV using longitudinal data from a representative sample of older youth in California Foster Care who participated in the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH). Our IPV outcome measures included victimization, perpetration, bidirectional IPV, and emotional abuse. Findings suggest that approximately one-fifth (20.4%) of CalYOUTH respondents had experienced some form of IPV at age 23, with emotional abuse and bidirectional violence being the most commonly reported types of IPV. Females reported emotional abuse, as well as bidirectional violence, at nearly double the rates of their male counterparts. Self-identified sexual minority youth (SMY; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning) were more likely to report IPV victimization, IPV perpetration, and bidirectional violence than their non-SMY peers. Youth with histories of emotional abuse, caregiver IPV victimization, sexual abuse in foster care, placement instability, substance use, anxiety, and incarceration were also at heightened risk of IPV involvement. Emotional abuse was most prevalent with SMY. The findings contribute to the growing research on IPV among transition-age foster youth with important implications for future research, practice, and policy.
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148
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Hayes BE, Maher CA, Pinchevsky GM. Reproductive Coercion Among College Students: An Extension and Test of Routine Activity Theory. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2486-2507. [PMID: 37488470 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231186813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study is guided by routine activity theory to explore the risk of experiencing reproductive coercion among a sample of sexually active college students (N = 1,515). Findings indicate that being in an exclusive relationship was associated with lower odds of reproductive coercion, yet prior victimization, including emotional abuse and sexual violence, was associated with higher odds of reproductive coercion. This study supports other research that finds reproductive coercion does not occur in isolation from other victimization experiences, and multifaceted prevention strategies are needed. Implications relating to autonomous reproductive decision-making are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Hayes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cooper A Maher
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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149
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Kaufman-Parks AM, Longmore MA, Manning WD, Giordano PC. Understanding the effect of adverse childhood experiences on the risk of engaging in physical violence toward an intimate partner: The influence of relationship, social psychological, and sociodemographic contextual risk factors. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 144:106381. [PMID: 37542994 PMCID: PMC10528963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) in later life. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between ACEs and engaging in physical violence toward a romantic partner in emerging adulthood while also accounting for proximal life experiences, including social psychological, intimate relationship, and sociodemographic characteristics. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study draws on two waves of data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, a 19-year population-based longitudinal cohort study of adolescents transitioning to adulthood from Lucas County, Ohio (United States). This investigation includes 878 (399 men and 479 women) emerging adults. METHODS To evaluate the association between ACEs and IPV perpetration, two waves of survey data were used, collected in 2001 and 2011-2012. RESULTS ACEs had a cumulative effect on IPV, where each additional ACE increased the odds of engaging in IPV by 51.0 % (p < 0.001). However, current drug use (OR = 1.131, p < 0.05), arguments between partners (OR = 1.517, p < 0.01), partner mistrust (OR = 1.663, p < 0.001), and jealousy and control (OR = 1.412, p < 0.001) were also significant correlates of IPV reports. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are a significant predictor of IPV perpetration among emerging adults, even when accounting for more proximal risk factors. These findings suggest that individuals working with clients who engage in IPV would do well to address the long-term trauma impacts of early life adversity in addition to more proximal risk factors to reduce the risk of continued violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Kaufman-Parks
- Assumption University, Department of Sociology & Criminology, 500 Salisbury Street, Worcester, MA 01609, United States.
| | - Monica A Longmore
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 1001 E. Wooster Street, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 1001 E. Wooster Street, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Peggy C Giordano
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Sociology, 1001 E. Wooster Street, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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150
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Morrison KE, Hymel S, Craig W, Dirks M, Holfeld B. Teen perceptions of adolescent dating violence. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1348-1364. [PMID: 37409692 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research shows that adolescents who experience dating violence most often disclose their victimization to a peer or friend, more so than to other sources of support. However, surprisingly little research has explored how adolescents respond to peer disclosures of dating violence. Addressing this gap, the present study assessed variations in adolescents' perceptions of blame, interpretations of the incident as violence, and intentions to respond across physical, psychological, sexual, cyber-psychological, and cyber-sexual dating violence scenarios. METHODS As part of a national research project across Canada, 663 high school adolescents (432 girls, 65.2%) between the ages of 14-17 were randomly assigned to complete a questionnaire which included one of five different hypothetical dating violence scenarios. Next, participants responded to questions about their perceptions of the incident, as well as victim and perpetrator blame and responsibility, and their intentions to respond. RESULTS Results indicated that the type of dating violence experienced and the age and gender of participants all played a role in perceptions of blame, understandings of violence, and intentions to respond. CONCLUSIONS As one of the first studies to explore how adolescents perceived and responded to dating violence, considering both in-person and cyber forms of dating violence, this study fills an important gap in the literature. Findings underscore the uniqueness of cyber forms of dating violence and how pre/intervention programs must address the specific contexts and issues unique to each type of dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn E Morrison
- Department of Educational and Counselling Pscyhology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelley Hymel
- Department of Educational and Counselling Pscyhology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brett Holfeld
- Psychology Program, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
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