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Siller H, Aydin N. Using an Intersectional Lens on Vulnerability and Resilience in Minority and/or Marginalized Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:894103. [PMID: 35664166 PMCID: PMC9158486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the pandemic, the media and scholars have widely discussed increasing social inequality and thereby publicly pointed to often hidden and neglected forms of inequality. However, the "newly" arisen awareness has not yet been put into action to reduce this inequality. Dealing with social inequality implies exploring and confronting social privileges, which are often seen as the other side of inequality. These social constructs, inequality and privilege, are often discussed in light of vulnerability and resilience. This is particularly important in the context of the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to end the pandemic, as both constructs are discussed regarding access to healthcare, vaccination, and education and knowledge, misinformation, social resources, economic resources, and so forth. Minority and/or marginalized groups may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, resilience factors in these groups may be neglected and underreported. This narrative review aims at illustrating the specific and intertwined aspects of resilience and vulnerability in minority and/or marginalized groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, we use an intersectional lens based on recommendations made by Moradi and Grzanka. A total of 48 articles were included in the narrative review. Most of them were commentaries focusing on social inequality, vulnerability, and/or resilience. Based on the dissection of articles at structural, systemic, and individual levels, we propose three hypothesis on vulnerability and resilience in minority and marginalized individuals and groups: (1) social inequality must be considered at a global level; inequality at a global level translates into a vulnerable context for an individual; (2) vulnerability is historically situated: vulnerability (experienced during the pandemic) is maintained and reinforced by history; (3) strength through collective (historical) hardship: vulnerability is not the opposite of resilience but may serve as an aspect of resilience. The conclusions drawn from this review show that we need to include diverse voices to advance concepts, such as vulnerability and resilience, in minority and marginalized groups. Additionally, these concepts are not necessarily in opposition to each other, but vulnerability should be understood as an integral part of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Siller
- Department for Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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152
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Du MR, Gao QY, Liu CL, Bai LY, Li T, Wei FL. Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Metformin for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:838173. [PMID: 35557834 PMCID: PMC9087341 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.838173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, one of the first-line of hypoglycemic drugs, has cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, in addition to its proven hypoglycemic effects. Furthermore, the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin for neurodegenerative diseases has become a topic of concern. Increasing research suggests that metformin can prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, many studies have investigated the neuroprotective effect of metformin in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It has been revealed that metformin can play a neuroprotective role by regulating energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and protein deposition of cells, and avoiding neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. On the contrary, some have hypothesized that metformin has a two-sided effect which may accelerate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the results of animal experiments and clinical studies are reviewed to discuss the application prospects of metformin in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Rui Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan-You Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Ya Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei-Long Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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153
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Racine L, Isik Andsoy I. Barriers and Facilitators Influencing Arab Muslim Immigrant and Refugee Women's Breast Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review. J Transcult Nurs 2022; 33:542-549. [PMID: 35473467 PMCID: PMC9240380 DOI: 10.1177/10436596221085301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This narrative review identifies barriers and facilitators influencing breast cancer
screening among Arab Muslim immigrants and refugees. Low participation rates create
health inequities in breast cancer screening among this population. Method: A systematic search of peer-reviewed empirical articles was performed. PRISMA, CASP,
and MMAT checklists were used to appraise the studies. Results: Results include 3 themes: individual, health care system and health providers, and
cultural factors. Discussion: Lack of fluency in the new country’s language, lack of knowledge, and poor exposure to
breast cancer screening may contribute to the Arab Muslim women’s vulnerability to
undiagnosed or delayed breast cancer diagnosis.
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154
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Kalankesh LR, Rodriguez-Couto S, Alami A, Khosravan S, Meshki M, Ahmadov E, Mohammadpour A, Bahri N. Socio-Environmental Determinants and Human Health Exposures in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Iran- Narrative Review. Environ Health Insights 2022; 16:11786302221089738. [PMID: 35450270 PMCID: PMC9016567 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221089738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle is different in arid and semi-arid zones. However, where people are born and live have a lasting influence on their social and environmental exposure. This review focuses on the, various dimensions of environmental health imbalance inequality especially in significant environmental sources such as (ie, air, water, soil) among provinces that creates a big health gap in the center, East and the Southeast of Iran. Thus, the population of the arid and semi-arid zones of Iran is facing respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer and infection diseases linked to environmental problems such as chemical and microbial pollution due to air pollution and unsafe water sources, respectively. The prevalence of certain types of cancer such as skin, stomach, bladder, prostate and colorectal cancer together with some respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in arid and semiarid zones such as Kerman, Yazd, etc., has been reported in comparison with other provinces frequently. These impacts have effects on multiple levels of health security in those zones. Based on these concerns, we propose key questions that should guide research in the context of the socio environmental science to support science-based management actions in Iran and other similar semi-arid areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh R. Kalankesh
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Alami
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Shahla Khosravan
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Meshki
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Elshen Ahmadov
- Azerbaijan State University of
Economics (UNEC), Bako, Azerbaijan
| | - Ali Mohammadpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Narges Bahri
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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155
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Ramsdal GH, Wynn R. Attachment and School Completion: Understanding Young People Who Have Dropped Out of High School and Important Factors in Their Re-Enrollment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3938. [PMID: 35409628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When students drop out of high school, this is often negative for their development as well as for society, as those who drop out have an increased risk of unemployment, health problems, and social problems. The aim of the present study was to synthesize knowledge regarding processes related to school dropout in general and school re-enrollment in particular. We performed a narrative review of the literature, focusing on Norwegian and Nordic studies, but we also included studies from other countries when relevant. We discussed the findings in relation to attachment theory and our own research on the topic. As a result, we identified five main challenges to upholding education-related goals in long-term dropout processes: lack of relatedness, overchallenged self-regulation capacity, compensating for a history of failure, wounded learner identities, and coping with prolonged stress. In conclusion, the identified challenges converged on the importance of belonging and social support. The prerequisite for addressing the challenges seemed to be the establishment of a trustful relationship between the students who have dropped out and at least one teacher, and preferably also with other supportive adults. These relationships may provide sufficient social support and aid the students’ motivation to complete school.
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156
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Westenberg JN, Tai AMY, Elsner J, Kamel MM, Wong JSH, Azar P, Vo DX, Moore E, Mathew N, Seethapathy V, Choi F, Vogel M, Krausz RM. Treatment approaches and outcome trajectories for youth with high-risk opioid use: A narrative review. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:207-220. [PMID: 33913589 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM First use of opioids often happens in adolescence and an increasing number of opioid overdoses are being reported among youth. The purpose of this narrative review was to present the treatment approaches for youth with high-risk opioid use, determine whether the literature supports the use of opioid agonist treatment among youth and identify evidence for better treatment outcomes in the younger population. METHODS A search of the literature on PubMed using MeSH terms specific to youth, opioid use and treatment approaches generated 1436 references. Following a screening process, 137 papers were found to be relevant to the treatment of high-risk opioid use among youth. After full-text review, 19 eligible studies were included: four randomized controlled trials, nine observational studies and six reviews. RESULTS Research for the different treatment options among youth is limited. The available evidence shows better outcomes in terms of retention in care and cost-effectiveness for opioid agonist treatment than abstinence-based comparisons. Integrating psychosocial interventions into the continuum of care for youth can be an effective way of addressing comorbid psychiatric conditions and emotional drivers of substance use, leading to improved treatment trajectories. CONCLUSIONS From the limited findings, there is no evidence to deny youth with high-risk opioid use the same treatment options available to adults. A combination of pharmacological and youth-specific psychosocial interventions is required to maximize retention and survival. There is an urgent need for more research to inform clinical strategies toward appropriate treatment goals for such vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Nicolas Westenberg
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andy M Y Tai
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Elsner
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mostafa M Kamel
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - James S H Wong
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pouya Azar
- Complex Pain and Addiction Services, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dzung X Vo
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eva Moore
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nickie Mathew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Mental Health & Substance Use Services, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijay Seethapathy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Mental Health & Substance Use Services, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fiona Choi
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc Vogel
- Psychiatric University Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard M Krausz
- Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Group, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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157
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Gadani S, Partovi S, Levitin A, Zerona N, Sengupta S, D’Amico G, Diago Uso T, Menon KVN, Quintini C. Narrative review of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management from an interventional radiology perspective. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:135-146. [PMID: 35282661 PMCID: PMC8898691 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper examines the incidence, clinical presentation, and pathophysiology of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhosis. Additionally, we have reviewed the literature regarding the current status of medical and interventional radiology management of PVT and have proposed a novel algorithm for the management given different clinical scenarios. Lastly two representative cases displaying endovascular treatment options are provided. BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombus in the setting of cirrhosis is an increasingly recognized clinical issue with debate on its pathophysiology, natural course, and optimal treatment. Approximately one-third of patients are asymptomatic, and detection of the thrombus is an incidental finding on imaging performed for other reasons. In 30% to 50% of patients, PVT resolves spontaneously. However, there is increased post-transplant mortality in patients with completely occlusive PVT, therefore effective early revascularization strategies are needed for patients with complete PVT who are expected to undergo liver transplant. Additionally, no consensus has been reached regarding PVT treatment in terms of timing and type of interventions as well as type and duration of anticoagulation. METHODS Computerized literature search as well as discussion with experts in the field. CONCLUSIONS Management of PVT is complex, as many variables affect which treatments can be used. Anticoagulation appears to be the optimal first-line treatment in patients with acute PVT but without bleeding varices or mesenteric ischemia. Minimally invasive treatments include various methods of mechanical thrombectomy, chemical thrombolysis, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement with or without variceal embolization. Definitive recommendations are difficult due to lack of high quality data and continued research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of different anticoagulants as well as the timing and use of various minimally invasive therapies in specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Gadani
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sasan Partovi
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abraham Levitin
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Zerona
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shreya Sengupta
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe D’Amico
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Teresa Diago Uso
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - K. V. Narayanan Menon
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cristiano Quintini
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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158
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Westenhaver ZK, Africa RE, Zimmerer RE, McKinnon BJ. Gamification in otolaryngology: A narrative review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:291-298. [PMID: 35155810 PMCID: PMC8823161 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medical field has incorporated gamification elements into education platforms over the past decade. The standard definition for gamification that has been adopted by most research studies is the addition of game elements and game mechanics within a platform to enhance user engagement. In this review, seven established, consolidated components, as well as an additional new or novel component, will be evaluated: a point system/leaderboards, question banks or gradable content, social interaction with other participants, leaderboards, progress or levels, immediate feedback, badges/icons or a reward system, and the novel component, a story line. METHODS Two reviewers searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, and the Nursing Registry. This review compares the one identified otolaryngology study with current residency education gamification practices within the medical field.The authors searched "residency AND gamification", "residency AND video games", and "residency AND games". After applying exclusion criteria, the 13 remaining studies included a procedure, questions/scenarios, and at least three gamification elements. RESULTS Across the 13 studies, the average number of included gamification elements was higher than the minimum threshold of three (3.84). Ten of the studies incorporated leaderboards, feedback, and social interaction; eight incorporated a question bank; and four incorporated progress bars, rewards, and story lines. The otolaryngology study incorporated four of the gamification components: a point system, instant feedback/solution after a question was answered, player-to-player communication, and a leaderboard. CONCLUSION Review of the current literature found that the medical field has limited research regarding the use of gamification in educational platforms. Despite many simulation studies and attempts at gamification, the medical community has not fully embraced gamification within residency education. In closing, the medical education community should establish a definition of "gamification" and survey residency programs to identify desired gamification elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack K. Westenhaver
- School of Medicine, UTMB HealthGalvestonTexasUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Texas, Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Brian J. McKinnon
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Texas, Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
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159
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Yin M, Ding X, Liu S, Ma J, Mo W. Research Progress of Atlantoaxial Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2022; 160:e573-e578. [PMID: 35092813 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to consolidate the current literature related to atlantoaxial osteoarthritis (AAOA) and improve the systematic understanding of this clinical syndrome among spine surgeons. METHODS Articles reviewed were searched in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE using search terms: [("C1-C2" OR "C1-2" OR "atlantoaxial" OR "atlanto-axial" OR "C2" OR "C1" OR "atlas" OR "axis") AND ("osteoarthritis")]. All articles of any study design discussing on AAOA were considered for inclusion. Two independent authors read article titles, abstracts and the included appropriate articles. The relevant articles were studied in full text. RESULTS A total of 54 literatures were reviewed and consolidated in this narrative review. These articles are roughly divided into the following five subcategories: (1) epidemiology and etiology, (2) clinical presentation, (3) radiographic findings, (4) conservative treatment and (5) surgical indications and treatment options. CONCLUSION AAOA was a clinically common but often overlooked syndrome characterized by persistent occipitocervical pain. The most common cause of AAOA was joint degeneration, which was closely related to age and occupation. Initial treatment for AAOA was conservative. Atlantoaxial fusion was an option for patients with severe pain who unresponsive to conservative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junming Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Mo
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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160
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Bagardi M, Zamboni V, Locatelli C, Galizzi A, Ghilardi S, Brambilla PG. Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: A Narrative Review from 1970 to 2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020209. [PMID: 35049831 PMCID: PMC8773235 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in dogs. The progression of the disease and the increasing severity of valvular regurgitation cause a volume overload of the left heart, leading to left atrial and ventricular remodeling and congestive heart failure (CHF). The treatment of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs has not always been the same over time. In the last fifty years, the drugs utilized have considerably changed, as well as the therapeutic protocols. Some drugs have also changed their intended use. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic heart failure in dogs affected by this widespread degenerative disease is not available; a synthesis of the published literature on this topic and a description of its current state of art are needed. To the authors’ knowledge, a review of this topic has never been published in veterinary medicine; therefore, the aim of this study is to overview the treatments of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs from 1970 to 2020 using the general framework of narrative reviews. Abstract The treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs, has considerably changed in the last fifty years. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic CHF in dogs affected by MMVD is not available, and it is needed. Narrative reviews (NRs) are aimed at identifying and summarizing what has been previously published, avoiding duplications, and seeking new study areas that have not yet been addressed. The most accessible open-access databases, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were chosen, and the searching time frame was set in five decades, from 1970 to 2020. The 384 selected studies were classified into categories depending on the aim of the study, the population target, the pathogenesis of MMVD (natural/induced), and the resulting CHF. Over the years, the types of studies have increased considerably in veterinary medicine. In particular, there have been 43 (24.29%) clinical trials, 41 (23.16%) randomized controlled trials, 10 (5.65%) cross-over trials, 40 (22.60%) reviews, 5 (2.82%) comparative studies, 17 (9.60%) case-control studies, 2 (1.13%) cohort studies, 2 (1.13%) experimental studies, 2 (1.13%) questionnaires, 6 (3.40%) case-reports, 7 (3.95%) retrospective studies, and 2 (1.13%) guidelines. The experimental studies on dogs with an induced form of the disease were less numerous (49–27.68%) than the studies on dogs affected by spontaneous MMVD (128–72.32%). The therapy of chronic CHF in dogs has considerably changed in the last fifty years: in the last century, some of the currently prescribed drugs did not exist yet, while others had different indications.
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161
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Marvaso G, Volpe S, Pepa M, Zaffaroni M, Corrao G, Augugliaro M, Nolè F, De Cobelli O, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Recent Advances in the Management of Hormone-Sensitive Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:89-101. [PMID: 35023972 PMCID: PMC8747627 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s321136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After primary treatment for prostate cancer with either radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy, a significant proportion of patients are at risk of developing metastases. In recent years, a deeper understanding of the underlying biology together with improved imaging techniques and the advent of new therapeutic options including metastases-directed therapies and new drugs have revolutionized the management of low-burden metastatic disease, also known as oligometastatic state. The purpose of this narrative review is to report the recent developments in the management of hormone-sensitive oligometastatic prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pepa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Nolè
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital & Head & Neck Tumors, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Xiang Y, Du J, Fujimoto K, Li F, Schneider J, Tao C. Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning for HIV prevention interventions. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e54-e62. [PMID: 34762838 PMCID: PMC9840899 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the US Government announced its goal to end the HIV epidemic within 10 years, mirroring the initiatives set forth by UNAIDS. Public health prevention interventions are a crucial part of this ambitious goal. However, numerous challenges to this goal exist, including improving HIV awareness, increasing early HIV infection detection, ensuring rapid treatment, optimising resource distribution, and providing efficient prevention services for vulnerable populations. Artificial intelligence has had a pivotal role in revolutionising health care and has shown great potential in developing effective HIV prevention intervention strategies. Although artificial intelligence has been used in a few HIV prevention intervention areas, there are challenges to address and opportunities to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingcheng Du
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fang Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Schneider
- The Chicago Center for HIV Elimination and Department of Medicine and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cui Tao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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163
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Piccolo G, De Rose EL, Bassi M, Napoli F, Minuto N, Maghnie M, Patti G, d’Annunzio G. Infectious diseases associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:966344. [PMID: 36093078 PMCID: PMC9449538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.966344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been frequently associated with an impaired immune response against infectious agents, making affected patients at risk for more severe disease and sometimes causing worse outcomes. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected patients with both diabetes, in particular those carrying comorbidities or with poor glycemic control. As regards pediatric diabetes mellitus, the availability of more accurate and technological tools for glycemic management and the improved markers of metabolic control might mitigate the negative impact of infections. Notably, good metabolic control of diabetes since its diagnosis reduces not only the risk of microangiopathic complications but also of impaired immune response to infectious diseases. Therefore, vaccinations are strongly recommended. Our paper aims to provide the most updated evidence regarding infectious diseases in type 1 pediatric DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Piccolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Neuro-oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianluca Piccolo, ; Giuseppa Patti,
| | - Elena Lucia De Rose
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Bassi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavia Napoli
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Minuto
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Patti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianluca Piccolo, ; Giuseppa Patti,
| | - Giuseppe d’Annunzio
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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164
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Gabbe BJ, Veitch W, Mather A, Curtis K, Holland AJA, Gomez D, Civil I, Nathens A, Fitzgerald M, Martin K, Teague WJ, Joseph A. Review of the requirements for effective mass casualty preparedness for trauma systems. A disaster waiting to happen? Br J Anaesth 2021; 128:e158-e167. [PMID: 34863512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are diverse, unpredictable, and increasing in frequency, but preparation is possible and necessary. The nature of MCIs requires a trauma response but also requires effective and tested disaster preparedness planning. From an international perspective, the aims of this narrative review are to describe the key components necessary for optimisation of trauma system preparedness for MCIs, whether trauma systems and centres meet these components and areas for improvement of trauma system response. Many of the principles necessary for response to MCIs are embedded in trauma system design and trauma centre function. These include robust communication networks, established triage systems, and capacity to secure centres from threats to safety and quality of care. However, evidence from the current literature indicates the need to strengthen trauma system preparedness for MCIs through greater trauma leader representation at all levels of disaster preparedness planning, enhanced training of staff and simulated disaster training, expanded surge capacity planning, improved staff management and support during the MCI and in the post-disaster recovery phase, clear provision for the treatment of paediatric patients in disaster plans, and diversified and pre-agreed systems for essential supplies and services continuity. Mass casualty preparedness is a complex, iterative process that requires an integrated, multidisciplinary, and tiered approach. Through effective preparedness planning, trauma systems should be well-placed to deliver an optimal response when faced with MCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Gabbe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Health Data Research UK, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.
| | - William Veitch
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Mather
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Curtis
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney School of Medicine, Westmead, Australia
| | - David Gomez
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian Civil
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Avery Nathens
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Trauma Service, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Martin
- Department General Surgical Specialties, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Warwick J Teague
- Trauma Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Surgical Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony Joseph
- Royal North Shore Hospital Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Australia
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165
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Hysa E, Ghorbannia A, Emamifar A, Milchert M, Manzo C. Feasibility and usefulness of a fast-track clinic for patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica: notes for a work schedule through a narrative review of published literature. Reumatologia 2021; 59:323-9. [PMID: 34819707 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2021.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fast-track clinics (FTC) have been introduced in different fields and have been reporting significant outcomes in terms of reducing mortality, morbidity, and financial costs. To date, scarce evidence is available for FTC specific for patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). The primary aim of our paper is to provide an overview of the clinical impact of PMR on patients and the healthcare system by analysing multiple aspects: the median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and the burden of the disease both on the healthcare system costs and on patients' quality of life (QoL). Secondarily, based on these data, we aim to discuss the potential advantages and feasibility of a PMR FTC in everyday clinical practice. Material and methods We performed a narrative non-systematic review (PRISMA protocol not followed) of PubMed and Medline (OVID interface) with the following MeSH terms: [polymyalgia rheumatica AND diagnosis OR diagnosis, delayed OR patient care OR early diagnosis OR length of stay OR costs OR healthcare system OR quality of life] or [polymyalgia rheumatica AND glucocorticoids AND side effects]. We decided to exclude every paper that did not report raw data in terms of diagnostic time or delay, hospitalization rate, socio-economic costs on the healthcare system, patients' QoL, and glucocorticoids-related events in PMR patients. Papers focused primarily on giant cell arteritis patients with overlapping PMR were also excluded. Abstract archives of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) congresses of the last 10 years were screened and included in the search if raw data were available. Each paper's reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study's aims. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we opted to use the most recently published data. Results According to our literature review, a PMR FTC might lighten the burden of the disease. Nevertheless, its feasibility depends mostly on the resources of the national health system and of the territorial health district, which are heterogeneously limited. The usefulness of PMR FTCs depends on closer collaboration with the general practitioner because he/she is the first clinician to visit patients with PMR. Conclusions Polymyalgia rheumatica fast-track clinics might lighten the burden of the disease. However, it has some limits that should carefully assessed in planning health policies.
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166
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Keeler JL, Treasure J, Juruena MF, Kan C, Himmerich H. Ketamine as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4158. [PMID: 34836413 PMCID: PMC8625822 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly complex disorder to treat, especially in severe and enduring cases. Whilst the precise aetiology of the disorder is uncertain, malnutrition and weight loss can contribute to reductions in grey and white matter of the brain, impairments in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis and difficulties with cognitive flexibility, memory and learning. Depression is highly comorbid in AN and may be a barrier to recovery. However, traditional antidepressants are often ineffective in alleviating depressive symptoms in underweight patients with AN. There is an urgent need for new treatment approaches for AN. This review gives a conceptual overview for the treatment of AN with ketamine. Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects, which are hypothesised to occur via increases in glutamate, with sequelae including increased neuroplasticity, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. This article provides an overview of the use of ketamine for common psychiatric comorbidities of AN and discusses particular safety concerns and side effects. Potential avenues for future research and specific methodological considerations are explored. Overall, there appears to be ample theoretical background, via several potential mechanisms, that warrant the exploration of ketamine as a treatment for adults with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Louise Keeler
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.T.); (H.H.)
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.T.); (H.H.)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK;
| | - Mario F. Juruena
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK;
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Carol Kan
- Eating Disorder Service, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, 1 Nightingale Place, Kensington & Chelsea, London SW10 9NG, UK;
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.T.); (H.H.)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK;
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167
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Whitworth H, Changalucha J, Baisley K, Watson-Jones D. Adolescent Health Series: HPV infection and vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: 10 years of research in Tanzanian female adolescents - narrative review. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1345-1355. [PMID: 34310816 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, including Tanzania. Most cervical cancer cases worldwide are attributable to infection of the cervix with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a vaccine-preventable sexually transmitted infection (STI). Over the past 10 years, we have conducted a programme of HPV research in pre-adolescents and adolescents in Mwanza, the second-largest city in Tanzania, which is situated in a malaria-endemic region. In this narrative review article, we summarise the contribution of our work, alongside work of others, to improve the understanding of HPV epidemiology in SSA and development of setting-appropriate, evidence-based intervention strategies. We present evidence for very high prevalence and incidence of HPV infection among female SSA adolescents around the time of sexual debut, describe risk factors for HPV acquisition, and discuss associations between HPV, HIV and other STIs, which are also highly prevalent within this population. We summarise findings from early clinical trials of HPV vaccines in SSA, the first of which was an immunogenicity and safety trial conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, and Dakar, Senegal. Within the trial, we evaluated for the first time the potential impact of malaria and helminth infection on vaccine-induced antibody responses in Tanzanian girls. We describe research evaluating optimal HPV vaccine delivery strategies within this setting, perceived requirements for and barriers to vaccine implementation among key informants from LMIC, vaccine acceptability among girls and parents, and opportunities for co-delivery of interventions alongside HPV vaccination to an adolescent population. Finally, we discuss country-level barriers to vaccine uptake in LMIC, and ongoing studies in Tanzania and other SSA countries of reduced-dose HPV vaccination schedules that may alleviate cost and logistical barriers to vaccine implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Whitworth
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John Changalucha
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathy Baisley
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Deborah Watson-Jones
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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168
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Posa S, Moola FJ, McPherson AC, Kontos P. Exploring illness identity among children and youth living with cancer: A narrative review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29251. [PMID: 34302715 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth with cancer may find it challenging to integrate illness into their pre-existing identity-a phenomenon known as illness identity. In this critical narrative review, we explored illness identity among children and youth with cancer. METHODS Three academic databases were searched. Twenty-two articles were included in this review and each underwent thematic analysis. RESULTS Cancer has both positive and negative influences on the identities of children and youth. Illness identity is expressed creatively through various communicative outlets. Further, external processes such as social support may influence cancer identity. A few studies cited cancer as a hindrance to adult identity development. CONCLUSIONS Cancer has a profound impact on identity formation among children and youth. Many normative assumptions about time, identity, and child and youth development underlie the existing literature. Future researchers may adopt a critical lens to be inclusive of diverse identity experiences among children and youth with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Posa
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona J Moola
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Early Childhood Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy C McPherson
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia Kontos
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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169
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Sys D, Kajdy A, Baranowska B, Tataj-Puzyna U, Gotlib J, Bączek G, Rabijewski M. Women's views of birth after cesarean section. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:4270-4279. [PMID: 34611958 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal birth is a safe mode of childbirth for the majority of women after cesarean section (CS). However, data show that women who have undergone a CS are more likely to have an elective CS (ECS) than a vaginal birth after CS (VBAC) in many areas of the world. AIM This study aimed to review the literature about women's mode of birth preferences and attitudes and the underlying reasons for, and factors associated with, their preferences. METHODS This is narrative literature review. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched, limiting the results to non-interventional studies published between 1990 and 2020. Twenty-one articles were included in the analysis. RESULTS The review found 34 different factors that influence women's preferences. Five factors influenced both VBAC and ECS preference, depending on the study. The most common factors having a dualistic effect on preference were: medical staff recommendation, doctor's opinion, and fear of pain. The most common factors were: desire to experience natural childbirth, faster/easier recovery, support from doctor's, and midwife's opinion. Among the factors influencing the preference for ECS, two were particularly prominent: predictability, controllability and comfortability of CS and the belief that CS is safer for the baby and/or mother. CONCLUSIONS Our review showed that there are a variety of factors that influence women's preference for the mode of delivery after CS. Some of these have a dualistic effect according to the study. The key to making an informed decision regarding the mode of delivery is communication with medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sys
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajdy
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Baranowska
- Department of Midwifery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Tataj-Puzyna
- Department of Midwifery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gotlib
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Bączek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rabijewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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170
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Ordak M, Sloniewicz N, Nasierowski T, Muszynska E, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Manganese concentration in patients with encephalopathy following ephedrone use: a narrative review and analysis of case reports. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:10-17. [PMID: 34521308 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1973488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous case reports describe manganese encephalopathy in patients using ephedrone (methcathinone). The aim of this narrative review of case reports was to relate manganese ion concentrations in peripheral blood to the reported neurological deficits. METHODS International databases, including Thomson (Web of Knowledge), PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for literature items published between 2007 and 2020, in which the authors measured the manganese concentration in patients taking ephedrone. RESULTS We identified 39 patients in two case series comprising of twenty-three and twelve patients, respectively, and four case reports meeting inclusion criteria. The study showed that 93% of them had elevated blood manganese concentration in relation to the accepted norm (>219 nmol/L), and the median was 364 nmol/L. The median duration of ephedrone use in individual groups of patients was approximately 48 months, and it did not show a relationship with the manganese concentration in the blood. A greater percentage of the people with manganese concentration higher than 250 nmol/L exhibited more severe gait, speech and handwriting disorders. The median duration of ephedrone withdrawal was a month in the group of people with the highest level of manganese ions (>500 nmol/L). CONCLUSION Manganese concentrations did not vary with the duration of ephedrone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ordak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Sloniewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Muszynska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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171
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Fuchs A, Lanzi D, Beilstein CM, Riva T, Urman RD, Luedi MM, Braun M. Clinical recommendations for in-hospital airway management during aerosol-transmitting procedures in the setting of a viral pandemic. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2021; 35:333-349. [PMID: 34511223 PMCID: PMC7723398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can lead to severe pneumonia and multiorgan failure. While most of the infected patients develop no or only mild symptoms, some need respiratory support or even invasive ventilation. The exact route of transmission is currently under investigation. While droplet exposure and direct contact seem to be the most significant ways of transmitting the disease, aerosol transmission appears to be possible under circumstances favored by high viral load. Despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), this situation potentially puts healthcare workers at risk of infection, especially if they are involved in airway management. Various recommendations and international guidelines aim to protect healthcare workers, although evidence-based research confirming the benefits of these approaches is still scarce. In this article, we summarize the current literature and recommendations for airway management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fuchs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Lanzi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christian M Beilstein
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Riva
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Markus M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Braun
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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172
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Koretz RL. JPEN Journal Club 65. Selective citation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:958-960. [PMID: 34486136 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Koretz
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California, USA.,David Geffen-UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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173
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Marvaso G, Corrao G, Zaffaroni M, Pepa M, Augugliaro M, Volpe S, Musi G, Luzzago S, Mistretta FA, Verri E, Cossu Rocca M, Ferro M, Petralia G, Nolè F, De Cobelli O, Orecchia R, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Therapeutic Sequences in the Treatment of High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Paving the Way Towards Multimodal Tailored Approaches. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732766. [PMID: 34422672 PMCID: PMC8371196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various definitions are currently in use to describe high-risk prostate cancer. This variety in definitions is important for patient counseling, since predicted outcomes depend on which classification is applied to identify patient’s prostate cancer risk category. Historically, strategies for the treatment of localized high-risk prostate cancer comprise local approaches such as surgery and radiotherapy, as well as systemic approaches such as hormonal therapy. Nevertheless, since high-risk prostate cancer patients remain the group with higher-risk of treatment failure and mortality rates, nowadays, novel treatment strategies, comprising hypofractionated-radiotherapy, second-generation antiandrogens, and hadrontherapy, are being explored in order to improve their long-term oncological outcomes. This narrative review aims to report the current management of high-risk prostate cancer and to explore the future perspectives in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pepa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Verri
- Department of Medical Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cossu Rocca
- Department of Medical Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Precision Imaging and Research Unit, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Nolè
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital & Head & Neck Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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174
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Ho MH, Chang HR, Liu MF, Chien HW, Tang LY, Chan SY, Liu SH, John S, Traynor V. Decision-Making in People With Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review of Decision-Making Tools. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021:S1525-8610(21)00602-2. [PMID: 34314703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review summarized the applicability of various decision-making tools for helping people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their families make decisions. DESIGN This study was a narrative literature review. The protocol of this review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020182259). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS People with dementia or MCI and their families were included in this study. METHODS This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Chinese Electronic Periodical Services databases from inception to May 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for a variety of study designs were used. RESULTS Topics related to decision-making were categorized as everyday activity decisions or medical treatment decisions. Various types of decision-making tools were identified, and we observed that decision aids can be modified and used for both everyday activity decisions and medical treatment decisions. In addition to highlighting decision aids for specific decisional issues and topics, we also elucidated other validated tools that can be used to facilitate the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study highlighted the topics involved in decision-making and using decision-making tools. The current review provides information that can help individuals and health care professionals choose optimal decision-making tools. On the basis of our findings, future studies can determine the most appropriate tools for intervention or outcome measures.
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175
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Scott DAR, Møller-Lorentzen TB, Faber C, Wied J, Grauslund J, Subhi Y. Spotlight on Asteroid Hyalosis: A Clinical Perspective. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:2537-2544. [PMID: 34168427 PMCID: PMC8217736 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s272333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asteroid hyalosis is a benign degenerative condition of the vitreous that is often asymptomatic. Our purpose with this narrative review is to provide a current overview of asteroid hyalosis from a clinical perspective. We review the epidemiology and risk factors, the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnoses, clinical challenges in eyes with asteroid hyalosis, and the treatment of asteroid hyalosis. Many clinical questions remain unanswered, and the current evidence to guide clinical practice is largely based on anecdotal evidence and clinical experience. More studies on asteroid hyalosis from a clinical perspective are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carsten Faber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jimmi Wied
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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176
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Arce Gastelum A, Maraqa S, Marquez Lavenant WA, Khan A, McMahon RS, Latif A, Townley TA. Who Will Be Responsible for the Dialysis Bill? A Case Report and Narrative Review of Insulin Affordability 100 Years After the Discovery of Insulin. J Gen Intern Med 2021:10.1007/s11606-021-06886-3. [PMID: 34080108 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 46-year-old woman was type 1 diabetes diagnosed at the age of 9 who had previously been on an insulin pump. Other co-morbidities included CKD IV, HTN, and hypothyroidism. She presented with hyperglycemia of 400 mg/dl and fluid retention. Her GFR had decreased to 13. Her physical exam was notable for respiratory distress and anasarca. She failed to respond to aggressive IV diuresis and urgent hemodialysis was initiated. The patient had been lost to outpatient follow-up for a year. She had been co-managed by an endocrinologist and a primary care physician but had stopped going to her endocrinologist over a year ago due to inability to afford the co-pays. She subsequently lost her insurance and had to pay out of pocket for her insulin; at this point, she decided to stop seeing her PCP and began to ration her insulin. Due to social stigma, she did not mention her financial issues to her healthcare providers. After identifying these challenges, we decided to start her on a more affordable regimen of NPH insulin. Through social work assistance, we were able to obtain a charity hemodialysis chair and discharge her home. She applied to Medicaid. Healthcare expenditure with regard to diabetes rose to $327 billion from $245 billion in 2012. The price of insulin has continued to increase even after the drug's patent has expired due to the combination of FDA requirements, a monopoly in the insulin market, and the lack of federal price controls and Pharmacy Benefits Managers. The high out of pocket costs for insulin has led to many instances of insulin rationing among both uninsured and insured. This led to death in some cases as well as poorly controlled diabetes with increased complications and mortality as in our case. We present a case report and narrative review on insulin affordability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alheli Arce Gastelum
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sima Maraqa
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Ammara Khan
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Azka Latif
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Theresa A Townley
- Internal Medicine Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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177
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Odorici G, Monfrecola G, Bettoli V. Tetracyclines and photosensitive skin reactions: A narrative review. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14978. [PMID: 33991382 PMCID: PMC8459281 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are a group of broad‐spectrum antibiotics largely employed in infectious, dermatological and surgical fields. Some adverse events may occur during treatment, including photosensitivity reactions, which are divided in phototoxic or photoallergic. We performed a systematic search on Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase from database inception to August 9, 2020 aim to summarize all available papers on photosensitive reactions related to tetracyclines in all clinical settings where they are used on human being. On the basis of our inclusion criteria, we selected only randomized controlled trials, open comparative trials and prospective cohort studies performed on both volunteers and patients, moreover we included a pharmacovigilance register. Thirty‐eight articles met inclusion criteria, describing photo‐sensitive effects due to doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, lymecycline, sarecycline, demethylchlortetracycline, chlortetracycline and metacycline, across six diagnoses (acne, Lyme disease, Gulf Veteran Illness, adbominal aortic aneurysms, traveler's diarrhea and pterygium) and several volunteers who were deliberately exposed to natural or artificial light sources. Not all drugs belonging to tetracyclines class are available to date, moreover the studies included lacked a homogeneous design and most of them involved a scarce number of patients, including reactions induced in volunteers during photo‐testing. Available data on incidence, severity and clinical relevance of tetracyclines‐related photo‐sensitive reactions are scarce, heterogeneous and weak. What we can extrapolate is that some tetracyclines are more often related to phototoxic skin reactions than others and some of those seem to have a very low risk of phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Odorici
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bettoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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178
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Rahimi Pordanjani S, Hasanpour A, Askarpour H, Bastam D, Rafiee M, Khazaei Z, Mazaheri E, Vaziri MH, Sabour S. Aspects of Epidemiology, Pathology, Virology, Immunology, Transmission, Prevention, Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:38. [PMID: 34249287 PMCID: PMC8218815 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_469_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, COVID-19 pandemic is one of the largest pandemics and one of the biggest international challenges for health-care system of various countries in the world. This is a narrative review study based on the studies published related with different aspects of COVID-19. The highest numbers of active cases are in the USA, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, as well as Colombia and the disease surveillance system must operate more quickly, timely, effectively, and sensitively in these countries. What is clear is that the SARS-CoV-2 basic reproduction number is significantly higher than one and its transmission power is extremely high. In general, it can be stated that mortality and fatality risk due to COVID-19 in men, age increase, severity of disease, systemic disease, as well as inadequate access to the sufficient health-care services will increase. There is currently no specific treatment and effective vaccine for COVID-19. The novel coronavirus pandemic is more consistent with the epidemiological triangle model, which emphasizes that the disease is the result of the interaction of three factors of host, agent, and environment. Therefore, prevention and treatment activities should focus on cutting the virus transmission chain. The main way to deal with viral epidemics is prevention. The emerging of this ruthless virus has once again reminded us that communicable diseases should never be underestimated and forgotten. Considering the rapid transmission of COVID-19, the health-care authorities and workers should consider timely detection and safeguards to prevent the transmission to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran and Nickan Research Institute, Iran
| | - Hasan Askarpour
- Department of Disease Management, Deputy of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Dariush Bastam
- MSc of Epidemiology, Medical school, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Department of Public Health, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mazaheri
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, Health Information Technology Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Vaziri
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center (WHPRC), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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179
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Abstract
The development of clinical judgment and decision-making skills is complex, requiring clinicians—whether students, novices, or experienced practitioners—to correlate information from their own experience; from discussions with colleagues; from attending professional meetings, conferences and congresses; and from studying the current literature. Feedback from treated cases will consolidate retention in memory of the complexities and management of past cases, and the conversion of this knowledge base into daily clinical practice. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss factors related to clinical judgment and decision-making in clinical dentistry and how both narrative, intuitive, evidence-based data-driven information and statistical approaches contribute to the global process of gaining clinical expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Feller
- Office of the Chair of School, School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johan Lemmer
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mbulaheni Simon Nemutandani
- Chair of School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raoul Ballyram
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, 37715Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences. 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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180
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Zaccari V, D'Arienzo MC, Caiazzo T, Magno A, Amico G, Mancini F. Narrative Review of COVID-19 Impact on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Child, Adolescent and Adult Clinical Populations. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:673161. [PMID: 34054624 PMCID: PMC8158808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine had a significant impact on mental health which resulted in an increase of anxiety and depression in adult, child and adolescent clinical populations. Less is known about the potential effect of pandemic on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) so there is a lack of review work to illustrate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OCD. Purpose: The main objective is to review all the empirical contributions published after March 2020 that dealt with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OCD in adults, children and adolescents, investigating the state-of-the-art literature concerning the impact on OCD and detailing limitations. Methods: The literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This review analyzed all studies from January 2020 to 8 January 2021, focusing on clinical populations of children, adolescents, and adults with OCD. Results: A total of 102 articles were screened, resulting in the identification of 64 full-text articles to be further scrutinized. Upon closer examination, there was consensus that 39 articles met the study inclusion criteria and 14 of these were selected for study. Analysis of the results revealed that COVID-19 had an impact on OCD in both adults and young people and seems to have caused exacerbation of symptoms, especially of the contamination/washing subtypes. Eight studies in adult samples showed an increase in the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms; two studies underlined a minimal impact of COVID-19 on OCD patients and one study showed a slight improvement in symptoms. Two out of three studies on children and adolescents showed an exacerbation of OCD and a worsening even in the presence of an ongoing treatment. Conclusions: The studies reviewed are few. There are more studies on adult OCD than on children and adolescents. The results are controversial: few studies examined OCD subtypes; in most studies the typology of treatment was not clear and the samples covered a wide age range; a large number of studies did not use the same monitoring period or quantitative measures, both of which make it difficult to compare or rely on the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zaccari
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Mancini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Marconi University, Rome, Italy
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181
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Abstract
Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is markedly underdiagnosed in clinical practice, and
its actual incidence rate is about 1 per 1000 per year. In the current article,
we provide an overview of essential information about NA, including the
etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations, differential
diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The causes of NA are multifactorial and
include immunological, mechanical, or genetic factors. Typical clinical findings
are a sudden onset of pain in the shoulder region, followed by patchy flaccid
paralysis of muscles in the shoulder and/or arm. A diagnosis of NA is based on a
patient’s clinical history and physical examination. Gadolinium-enhanced
magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography
are useful for confirming the diagnosis and choosing the appropriate treatment.
However, before a diagnosis of NA is confirmed, other disorders with similar
symptoms, such as cervical radiculopathy or rotator cuff tear, need to be ruled
out. The prognosis of NA depends on the degree of axonal damage. In conclusion,
many patients with motor weakness and pain are encountered in clinical practice,
and some of these patients will exhibit NA. It is important that clinicians
understand the key features of this disorder to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Uk Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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182
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Manzo C, Maslinska M, Castagna A, Hysa E, Merante A, Milchert M, Gravina T, Sargin B, Natale M, Ruberto C, Ruotolo G. Antimitochondrial Antibodies and Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica/Giant Cell Arteritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:350. [PMID: 33917502 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Laboratory liver abnormalities can be observed in patients affected with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and/or giant cell arteritis (GCA), especially with a cholestatic pattern. The first objective of our review article is to discuss the potential link between antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and/or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and PMR/GCA, according to the evidences of literature. The second objective is to discuss the association of PMR/GCA with the other rheumatic diseases having PBC as a common manifestation. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed and Medline (OVID interface) using these terms: polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, antimitochondrial antibodies, primary biliary cholangitis, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The search was restricted to all studies and case reports published in any language. Reviews, conference abstracts, comments, and non-original articles were excluded; however, each review’s reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study’s aim. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we referred to the most recent published data. Results and Conclusions: Our literature search highlighted that cases reporting an association between AMA, PBC and PMR/GCA were very uncommon; AMA antigenic specificity had never been detected and biopsy-proven PBC was reported only in one patient with PMR/GCA. Finally, the association of PMR/GCA with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in which PBC is relatively common was anecdotal.
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183
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Tartaglia GM, Mapelli A, Maspero C, Santaniello T, Serafin M, Farronato M, Caprioglio A. Direct 3D Printing of Clear Orthodontic Aligners: Current State and Future Possibilities. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1799. [PMID: 33916462 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent introduction of three-dimensional (3D) printing is revolutionizing dentistry and is even being applied to orthodontic treatment of malocclusion. Clear, personalized, removable aligners are a suitable alternative to conventional orthodontic appliances, offering a more comfortable and efficient solution for patients. Including improved oral hygiene and aesthetics during treatment. Contemporarily, clear aligners are produced by a thermoforming process using various types of thermoplastic materials. The thermoforming procedure alters the properties of the material, and the intraoral environment further modifies the properties of a clear aligner, affecting overall performance of the material. Direct 3D printing offers the creation of highly precise clear aligners with soft edges, digitally designed and identically reproduced for an entire set of treatment aligners; offering a better fit, higher efficacy, and reproducibility. Despite the known benefits of 3D printing and the popularity of its dental applications, very limited technical and clinical data are available in the literature about directly printed clear aligners. The present article discusses the advantages of 3D printed aligners in comparison to thermoformed ones, describes the current state of the art, including a discussion of the possible road blocks that exist such as a current lack of approved and marketed materials and limited existence of aligner specific software. The present review suggests the suitability of 3D direct printed aligners is superior to that of thermoformed manufactured aligners because of the prior’s increased accuracy, load resistance, and lower deformation. It is an overall more stable way to produce an aligner where submillimeter movements can make a difference in treatment outcome. Direct 3D printing represents a complex method to control the thickness of the aligner and therefore has a better ability to control the force vectors that are used to produce tooth movement. There is currently no other approved material on the market that can do this. The conclusion of this article is that we encourage further in vitro and in vivo studies to test these new technologies and materials.
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184
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Qin Y, Aqeel M, Zhu F, Delp EJ, Eicher-Miller HA. Dietary Aspects to Incorporate in the Creation of a Mobile Image-Based Dietary Assessment Tool to Manage and Improve Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:1179. [PMID: 33918343 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in United States. Dietary intake and behaviors are essential components of diabetes management. Growing evidence suggests dietary components beyond carbohydrates may critically impact glycemic control. Assessment tools on mobile platforms have the ability to capture multiple aspects of dietary behavior in real-time throughout the day to inform and improve diabetes management and insulin dosing. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize evidence related to dietary behaviors and composition to inform a mobile image-based dietary assessment tool for managing glycemic control of both diabetes types (type 1 and type 2 diabetes). This review investigated the following topics amongst those with diabetes: (1) the role of time of eating occasion on indicators of glycemic control; and (2) the role of macronutrient composition of meals on indicators of glycemic control. A search for articles published after 2000 was completed in PubMed with the following sets of keywords “diabetes/diabetes management/diabetes prevention/diabetes risk”, “dietary behavior/eating patterns/temporal/meal timing/meal frequency”, and “macronutrient composition/glycemic index”. Results showed eating behaviors and meal macronutrient composition may affect glycemic control. Specifically, breakfast skipping, late eating and frequent meal consumption might be associated with poor glycemic control while macronutrient composition and order of the meal could also affect glycemic control. These factors should be considered in designing a dietary assessment tool, which may optimize diabetes management to reduce the burden of this disease.
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185
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Abstract
As a pivotal part of the elbow joint structure, the coronoid process of the ulna plays a vital role in maintaining elbow joint stability. Loss of coronoid process height causes instability of the elbow joint depending on the fracture characteristics and size. The diagnosis and treatment of coronoid process fractures has gained widespread attention from orthopedic surgeons. Nevertheless, few reports have described reconstruction of coronoid process fractures and defects that affect elbow joint stability. Treatment of elbow joint instability induced by coronoid process defects is challenging because most cases are complicated by other elbow joint injuries. Moreover, the clinical efficacy remains unclear. The present narrative review was performed to examine the research progress on reconstruction of the coronoid process. The findings of this review provide evidence for clinical repair and reconstruction of coronoid process defects and contribute to the published literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People’s Hospital, Linzhi, China
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People’s Hospital, Linzhi, China
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Vaughn LM, DeJonckheere M. The Opportunity of Social Ecological Resilience in the Promotion of Youth Health and Wellbeing: A Narrative Review. Yale J Biol Med 2021; 94:129-141. [PMID: 33795989 PMCID: PMC7995941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Youth experience adversity that increases their risk for immediate and long-term health consequences. Resilience has traditionally been conceptualized as an internal disposition or trait that supports youth to overcome that risk and avoid the negative impact on their health and wellbeing. However, this model of resilience overemphasizes the role of the individual and their capacity to control their environment, while minimizing the integral role of relational, social, structural, and cultural contexts in which they live. Instead, social ecological resilience (SER) emphasizes the influence of social and environmental factors on individual processes and outcomes and offers different pathways for preventive interventions to promote youth health and wellbeing. Within preventive medicine, it is important for researchers and practitioners to understand the processes that support or impede SER, particularly in youth when adversity can impact health throughout the lifespan. The purpose of this review was to examine the contributions and scope of the SER model in research on youth, with the goal of advancing SER-informed research and interventions within preventive medicine. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach as a guiding framework, we conducted a narrative review of the literature. The review characterizes 37 existing studies across the fields of education, psychology, and social work in terms of topic, focal population, methods, use of SER, and implications. We conclude with recommendations for future applications of SER to promote the health and wellbeing of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Vaughn
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical
Center/University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Joint appointment,
University of Cincinnati, Educational and Community-Based Action Research,
Cincinnati, OH, USA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Lisa M. Vaughn, PhD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet
Ave. ML 2008, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Tel: 513-636-9424, Fax: 513-636-7967;
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Węgiel M, Rakowski T. Circulating biomarkers as predictors of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej 2021; 17:21-32. [PMID: 33868414 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2021.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The main impact of myocardial infarction is shifting from acute mortality to adverse remodeling and chronic left ventricle dysfunction. Several circulating biomarkers are explored for better risk stratification of these patients. Biomarker testing is a very attractive idea, since it is non-invasive, not operator-dependent and widely available. Aim In the present paper we analyze data from the years 2005-2020 about circulating biomarkers of remodeling after myocardial infarction. Material and methods We assessed 53 articles, which examined 160 relations between biomarkers and remodeling. We analyze inclusion criteria for individual studies, time points of serum collection and remodeling assessment as well as imaging methods. Results The main groups of assessed biomarkers included B-type natriuretic peptides, markers of cardiomyocyte injury and necrosis, markers of inflammatory response, markers of extracellular matrix turnover, microRNAs and hormones. The most common method of remodeling assessment was echocardiography and the most frequent time point for remodeling evaluation was 6 months. Conclusions The present analysis shows that although a relatively large number biomarkers were tested, selecting one ideal marker is still a challenge. A combination of biomarkers from different groups might be appropriate for predicting remodeling. Data presented in this analysis might be helpful for designing future studies, evaluating clinical use of an individual biomarker or a combination of different biomarkers.
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188
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Sullivan V, Sullivan DH, Weatherspoon D. Parental and Child Anxiety Perioperatively: Relationship, Repercussions, and Recommendations. J Perianesth Nurs 2021; 36:305-309. [PMID: 33653615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elective surgical procedures predictably cause stress and anxiety for children and their parents. This can have a negative effect on the child's short-term and long-term psychological and physiological outcomes. This narrative review examines perioperative child anxiety and existing interventions to reduce child and parent perioperative anxiety. The aim was to identify a need and gaps in knowledge for future study. DESIGN Peer-reviewed articles were examined to identify themes in the literature on interventions in place to reduce child and parent perioperative anxiety and to identify any gaps in knowledge for future study. METHODS A narrative review of 62 peer-reviewed articles was conducted. FINDINGS Evidence of themes aimed at lowering perioperative child anxiety using medication, cognitive educational, and play therapy approaches emerged through the literature search. A relationship between parental anxiety and the effect on the child's anxiety was supported, yet interventions that target the parent were limited cognitive education interventions and were found to be implemented only in a small number of hospitals. CONCLUSIONS A clear gap is the lack of research on the effects of parental interventions on the short-term and long-term negative behavioral and physiological outcomes of child perioperative anxiety. Research is needed to further explore the effect of a preoperative psychotherapeutic intervention to allow parents to express anxieties and discuss them with a trained professional in the absence of children. A systematic review or further research would help determine if a psychotherapeutic intervention for the parents would lower child anxiety perioperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY.
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189
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Kendzerska T, Zhu DT, Gershon AS, Edwards JD, Peixoto C, Robillard R, Kendall CE. The Effects of the Health System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Disease Management: A Narrative Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:575-584. [PMID: 33623448 PMCID: PMC7894869 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s293471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic conditions require ongoing disease management to reduce risks of adverse health outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care for non-COVID-19 cases was affected due to the reallocation of resources towards urgent care for COVID-19 patients, resulting in inadequate ongoing care for chronic conditions. METHODS A keyword search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus for English language articles published between January 2020 and January 2021. FINDINGS During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person care for individuals with chronic conditions have decreased due to government restriction of elective and non-urgent healthcare visits, greater instilled fear over potential COVID-19 exposure during in-person visits, and higher utilization rates of telemedicine compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Potential benefits of a virtual-care framework during the pandemic include more effective routine disease monitoring, improved patient satisfaction, and increased treatment compliance and follow-up rates. However, more needs to be done to ensure timely and effective access to telemedicine, particularly for individuals with lower digital literacy. Capitation primary care models have been proposed as a more financially-robust approach during the COVID-19 pandemic than fee-for-service primary care models; however, the interplay between different primary models and the health outcomes is still poorly understood and warrants further investigation. Shortages of medication used to manage chronic conditions were also observed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic due to global supply chain disruptions. Finally, patients with chronic conditions faced lifestyle disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in physical activity, sleep, stress, and mental health, which need to be better addressed. INTERPRETATION Overall, this review elucidates the disproportionately greater barriers to primary and specialty care that patients with chronic diseases face during the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the urgent need for better chronic disease management strategies moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kendzerska
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute/The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David T Zhu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute/The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea S Gershon
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cayden Peixoto
- The Institut Du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Robillard
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire E Kendall
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute/The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Institut Du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Group, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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190
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Mojahed A, Alaidarous N, Kopp M, Pogarell A, Thiel F, Garthus-Niegel S. Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Intimate Partners During the Perinatal Period: A Narrative Literature Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:601236. [PMID: 33633606 PMCID: PMC7900188 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.601236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects individuals and families from all backgrounds, regardless of their ethnicity, socio-economic status, sexual orientation, or religion. Pregnancy and childbirth could be a time of vulnerability to violence because of changes in physical, emotional, social, and economic demands and needs. Prevalence of IPV against women during the perinatal period is increasingly researched and documented. However, evidence on IPV prevalence among intimate partners as well as on the course of IPV over the perinatal period is scarce. The purpose of this review was to provide a narrative synthesis of the existing literature regarding the prevalence estimates of IPV among intimate partners over the perinatal period. Through this review, we also gained better insight into associated factors, as well as the various forms of IPV. Of the 766 studies assessing prevalence estimates identified, 86 were included, where 80 studies focused on unidirectional IPV (i.e., perpetrated by men against women) and six studies investigated bidirectional IPV (i.e., IPV perpetrated by both partners). Most of the included studies reported lower overall prevalence rates for unidirectional IPV postpartum (range: 2-58%) compared to pregnancy (range: 1.5-66.9%). Psychological violence was found to be the most prevalent form of violence during the entire perinatal period. Studies on bidirectional IPV mostly reported women's perpetration to be almost as high as that of their partner or even higher, yet their findings need to be interpreted with caution. In addition, our results also highlighted the associated factors of IPV among partners, in which they were assimilated into a multi-level ecological model and were analyzed through an intersectional framework. Based on our findings, IPV is found to be highly prevalent during the entire perinatal period and in populations suffering from social inequalities. Further research exploring not only the occurrence, but also the motivations and the context of the bidirectionality of IPV during the perinatal period may facilitate better understanding of the detrimental consequences on partners and their families, as well as the development of effective intervention strategies. Public health prevention approaches intervening at optimal times during the perinatal period are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amera Mojahed
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nada Alaidarous
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Kopp
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anneke Pogarell
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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191
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Li M, Koide K, Tanaka M, Kiya M, Okamoto R. Factors Associated with Nursing Interventions for Smoking Cessation: A Narrative Review. Nurs Rep 2021; 11:64-74. [PMID: 34968313 PMCID: PMC8608102 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize the factors that are associated with smoking cessation intervention among nurses. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published from database inception through to 22 April 2020, in five electronic databases including Pubmed, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Web of science, and ProQuest. The search was limited to articles written in English and published in scientific journals. The reference lists of papers identified as being relevant in the above electronic searches were also hand searched. The initial database search yielded 2039 articles and 11 articles were obtained through a manual search. Finally, 24 articles were included in the analysis. Of the 24 included studies, 46 different factors were identified to be significantly associated with nursing interventions for smoking cessation. The identified factors were grouped into the following four conceptually similar categories: (1) socioeconomic factors, (2) smoking-related factors, (3) motivational factors, and (4) enabling factors and barriers. In the future, nursing interventions for smoking cessation will need to be improved based on the identified factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City 565-0871, Japan; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Keiko Koide
- Faculty of Nursing, Shitennoji University, Habikino City 583-0868, Japan;
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City 565-0871, Japan; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Misaki Kiya
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City 565-0871, Japan; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Reiko Okamoto
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City 565-0871, Japan; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-2550
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192
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Opara J, Taradaj J, Walewicz K, Rosińczuk J, Dymarek R. The Current State of Knowledge on the Clinical and Methodological Aspects of Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy in the Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity-Overview of 20 Years of Experiences. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E261. [PMID: 33445623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many patients after stroke, spasticity develops over time, resulting in a decrease in the patient's independence, pain, worsening mood, and, consequently, lower quality of life. In the last ten years, a rich arsenal of physical agents to reduce muscle tone such as extracorporeal shock therapy (ESWT) wave has come through. The aim of this narrative review article is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of ESWT as a supplement to the comprehensive rehabilitation of people after stroke suffering from spasticity. The PubMed and PEDro databases were searched for papers published in English from January 2000 to December 2020, 22 of which met inclusion criteria for clinical studies related to post-stroke spasticity management with ESWT. A total of 22 studies including 468 post-stroke patients-11 reports with the upper limb (267 patients) and 10 reports within the lower limb (201 patients), as well as one report including both upper and lower limb. We focused our attention on clinical and methodological aspects. Therefore, we performed the assessment of enrolled studies in terms of methodological quality using the PEDro and level of evidence using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Furthermore, we indicated implications for clinical practice in using ESWT for post-stroke spasticity management. Moreover, we discussed a suggestion for future research directions. In conclusion, an ESWT effectively reduces muscle tone in people with spastic limb after stroke. Further, ESWT is safe and free of undesirable side effects. The mechanism of action of ESWT on muscles affected by spasticity is still unknown. To date, no standard parameters of ESWT in post-stroke spasticity regarding intensity, frequency, location, and the number of sessions has been established. Further research, meeting the highest standards, is needed to establish uniform muscle stimulation parameters using ESWT.
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193
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Lupton D. Young People's Use of Digital Health Technologies in the Global North: Narrative Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e18286. [PMID: 33427684 PMCID: PMC7834940 DOI: 10.2196/18286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diverse array of digital technologies are available to children and young people living in the Global North to monitor, manage, and promote their health and well-being. OBJECTIVE This article provides a narrative literature review of the growing number of social research studies published over the past decade that investigate the types of digital technologies used by children and young people in the Global North, in addition to investigating which of these technologies they find most useful or not useful. Key findings as well as major gaps and directions for future research are identified and discussed. METHODS A comprehensive search of relevant publications listed in Google Scholar was conducted, supported by following citation trails of these publications. The findings are listed under type of digital technology used for health: cross-media, internet, social media, apps and wearable devices, sexual health support and information, and mental health support and information. RESULTS Many young people in the Global North are active users of digital health technologies. However, it is notable that they still rely on older technologies, such as websites and search engines, to find information. Apps and platforms that may not have been specifically developed for young people as digital health resources often better suit their needs. Young people appreciate the ready availability of information online, the opportunities to learn more about their bodies and health states, and the opportunities to learn how to improve their health and physical fitness. They enjoy being able to connect with peers, and they find emotional support and relief from distress by using social media platforms, YouTube, and online forums. Young people can find the vast reams of information available to them difficult to navigate. They often look to trusted adults to help them make sense of the information they find online and to provide alternative sources of information and support. Face-to-face interactions with these trusted providers remain important to young people. Risks and harms that young people report from digital health use include becoming overly obsessed with their bodies' shape and size when using self-tracking technologies and comparing their bodies with the social media influencers they follow. CONCLUSIONS Further details on how young people are using social media platforms and YouTube as health support resources and for peer-to-peer sharing of information, including attention paid to the content of these resources and the role played by young social media influencers and microcelebrities, would contribute important insights to this body of literature. The role played by visual media, such as GIFs (Graphics Interchange Format) and memes, and social media platforms that have recently become very popular with young people (eg, Snapchat and TikTok) in health-related content creation and sharing requires more attention by social researchers seeking to better understand young people's use of digital devices and software for health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lupton
- Vitalities Lab, Centre for Social Research in Health and Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
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194
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Yesuf EA, Woldie M, Haile-Mariam D, Koller D, Früschl G, Grill E. Identification of relevant performance indicators for district healthcare systems in Ethiopia: a systematic review and expert opinion. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 32:161-172. [PMID: 32232332 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify potential performance indicators relevant for district healthcare systems of Ethiopia. DATA SOURCES Public Library of Medicine and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the United States of America, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Library and Google Scholar were searched. STUDY SELECTION Expert opinions, policy documents, literature reviews, process evaluations and observational studies published between 1990 and 2015 were considered for inclusion. Participants were national- and local-healthcare systems. The phenomenon of interest was the performance of healthcare systems. The Joanna Briggs Institute tools were adapted and used for critical appraisal of records. DATA EXTRACTION Indicators of performance were extracted from included records and summarized in a narrative form. Then, experts rated the relevance of the indicators. Relevance of an indicator is its agreement with priority health objectives at the national and district level in Ethiopia. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 11 206 titles were identified. Finally, 22 full text records were qualitatively synthesized. Experts rated 39 out of 152 (25.7%) performance indicators identified from the literature to be relevant for district healthcare systems in Ethiopia. For example, access to primary healthcare, tuberculosis (TB) treatment rate and infant mortality rate were found to be relevant. CONCLUSION Decision-makers in Ethiopia and potentially in other low-income countries can use multiple relevant indicators to measure the performance of district healthcare systems. Further research is needed to test the validity of the indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Ali Yesuf
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 München, Germany.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Aba Jifar 1 Street, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
| | - Mirkuzie Woldie
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Aba Jifar 1 Street, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
| | - Damen Haile-Mariam
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Zambia street, Addis Ababa 11950, Ethiopia
| | - Daniela Koller
- Institute for Medical Data Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Gönter Früschl
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 München, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Leopoldstr. 7, D-80802 München, Germany
| | - Eva Grill
- Institute for Medical Data Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, D-81377 München, Germany
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195
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Nik Jaafar NR, Bahar N, Ibrahim N, Baharudin A, Wan Ismail WS, Sim ST, Abdul Aziz M, Tan KA. Are Malaysian Youths Overdependent on the Internet?: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:710790. [PMID: 34484002 PMCID: PMC8414518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overdependence on the internet is a grave concern that has enveloped Malaysian youths which could lead to a variety of sequelae. This narrative review aims to determine the definition of internet overdependence and its associated factors, as well as the potential preventive and treatment strategies for internet overdependence. From the literature, internet overdependence is regarded as a 3-factor model encompassing salience, self-control failure, and serious consequences. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as psychosocial factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were found to be associated with internet overdependence among Malaysian youths. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended by the implementation of various types of treatments, integrating disciplines such as pharmacology, psychotherapy, and family counseling. Despite various terminologies being used and unclear conceptualization of its nomenclature, overdependence on the internet is prevalent among youths in Malaysia. Future research should go toward establishing a clear definition of its terminology and attaining more robust evidence on treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Prince Court Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azlin Baharudin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Salwina Wan Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Su Tein Sim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,AHL Specialist Clinic, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Melisa Abdul Aziz
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Aun Tan
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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196
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Špačková M, Košťálová J, Fabiánová K. Non-O1/non-O139 vibrios - occurrence not only in Europe in recent years. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2021; 70:131-138. [PMID: 34412489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-O1/non-O139 vibrios refer to all vibrios except toxin producing Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139. The prevalence of illness caused by non-O1/non-O139 vibrios steadily increases all over the world in the last 20 years, which is very probably related to global warming. These infections are reported year-round from tropical and subtropical climate zones, but they were also detected in the mild climate zone of the United States of America and Europe. In mild climate, they have markedly seasonal occurrence, typically peaking in May to October. A human can be infected after ingestion of contaminated food, especially seafood and fish, or water or while bathing. In Europe, non-O1/non-O139 vibrios were detected in the Baltic Sea, North Sea and Mediterranean Sea but also in ponds and rivers. Depending on the pathogen entry route, the clinical manifestation may appear as gastroenteritis, otitis, wound infection or severe up to fatal illness, predominantly in immunocompromised patients. There is no specific prevention. Non-specific prevention includes good personal and food handling hygiene practices and avoiding contact of unhealed wounds with sea or surface swimming water. Given the severity and increasing frequency of infections caused by non-O1/non-O139 vibrios, they should be considered in differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal and wound infections, especially in patients with a history of consumption of fish and seafood or with a history of contact of unhealed wounds with sea or other open swimming water.
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Rodriguez V, Aas M, Vorontsova N, Trotta G, Gadelrab R, Rooprai NK, Alameda L. Exploring the Interplay Between Adversity, Neurocognition, Social Cognition, and Functional Outcome in People With Psychosis: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:596949. [PMID: 33762975 PMCID: PMC7982734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.596949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
History of adversity is associated with subsequent psychosis, and with a spectrum of cognitive alterations in individuals with psychosis. These cognitive features go from neurocognitive aspects as working memory and attention, to complex social cognitive processes as theory of mind and emotional perception. Difficulties in these domains impact patients' social and occupational functioning, which has been shown to be more impaired in those previously exposed to childhood trauma. However, the interplay between adversity, neurocognition, and functioning is yet poorly understood. This narrative review aims to explore the evidence on whether deficits in neurocognitive and social cognitive domains may act as possible putative mechanism linking adversity with functioning in people with psychosis. We show available evidence supporting the link between adversity and poorer functioning in psychosis, especially in chronic stages; and replicated evidence suggesting associations of social cognition and, to a lesser extent, neurocognition with impairment in functioning in patients; although there is still an important gap in the literature testing particularly deficits in social cognition as mediator of the link between adversity and functional decline in psychosis. Targeting interventions focusing on neurocognition and social cognition in individuals with adversity and psychosis seems important, given the severe deterioration of these patients in these domains, although more research is needed to test whether such treatments can specifically improve functioning in individuals with psychosis and adversity. Literature aiming to understand the determinants of functional outcome should consider the pervasive impact of childhood adversity, and its related effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Aas
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Mental Health Research and Development, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Natasha Vorontsova
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romayne Gadelrab
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet Kaur Rooprai
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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198
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Ma Y, Tully PJ, Hofman A, Tzourio C. Blood Pressure Variability and Dementia: A State-of-the-Art Review. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:1059-1066. [PMID: 32710605 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that blood pressure variability (BPV) may contribute to target organ damage, causing coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal disease independent of the level of blood pressure (BP). Several lines of evidence have also linked increased BPV to a higher risk of cognitive decline and incident dementia. The estimated number of dementia cases worldwide is nearly 50 million, and this number continues to grow with increasing life expectancy. Because there is no effective treatment to modify the course of dementia, targeting modifiable vascular factors continues as a top priority for dementia prevention. A clear understanding of the role of BPV in dementia may shed light on the etiology, early prevention, and novel therapeutic targets of dementia, and has therefore gained substantial attention from researchers and clinicians. This review summarizes state-of-art evidence on the relationship between BPV and dementia, with a specific focus on the epidemiological evidence, the underlying mechanisms, and potential intervention strategies. We also discuss challenges and opportunities for future research to facilitate optimal BP management and the clinical translation of BPV for the risk assessment and prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phillip J Tully
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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199
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Tatsiopoulou P, Porfyri GN, Bonti E, Diakogiannis I. Priorities in the Interdisciplinary Approach of Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). From Theory to Practice. Brain Sci 2020; 11:brainsci11010004. [PMID: 33374577 PMCID: PMC7822406 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable endeavor had taken place in order to understand the associated challenges for children and adolescents with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) but also in order to describe the necessary skills and approaches that the care givers have to develop to assist both children and parents. (1) Aim: The aim of this review is twofold. Firstly, to highlight the T1DM's potential impact on psychological well-being, on cognitive functioning and on school performance in children and adolescents who confront SLD. Secondly, to discuss the necessity of a multidiscipline approach of poor school performance in students with SLD and T1DM, presenting the serious contribution of care providers: (a) parents/carers in the family setting, (b) teachers and psychologists in the school setting and (c) health specialists (pediatricians, nutricians, nurses, child psychiatrists and psychologists) in the medical setting. (2) Methods: In this narrative literature review of 12 selected articles, each one studies a special aspect of approach, during the diagnosis and the treatment of individuals with T1DM and SLD. The review concerns the arising problems and difficulties in the adherence to diagnosis, the management of insulin, the mental and physical wellbeing, the school performance, the cognitive functioning and learning difficulties of patients. We tried to synthesize an interdisciplinary approach that involves collaboration between family, school and medical frame; facilitating children's and adolescents' difficulties management, as well as parent and teacher involvement during the intervention implementation. (3) Results: The main issues of concern were examined through the available literature, as different factors had to be re-examined in the previous studies, regarding the potential impact of T1DM in cognitive and psychological functioning, as well as the effects of the intervention/approach/treatment of children and adolescents with SLD and T1DM. (4) Conclusions: Although T1DM diagnosis and demanding treatment are a heavy burden for children and their families, T1DM may or may not be associated with a variety of academic and psychological outcomes. Despite the variability of the reviewed research design quality, it was clearly defined that the impact of T1DM is not uniform across educational and mental variables. Strengthening the children's physical, psychological and social wellbeing is an especially important factor, as it facilitates the insulin's management as well as the learning difficulties. This is possible by supporting the parental and teacher involvement in the intervention process. This review highlights the need to reduce the distance between theory/research and practice, in some of the proposed areas in this field of knowledge.
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200
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Pfortmueller CA, Spinetti T, Urman RD, Luedi MM, Schefold JC. COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Current knowledge on pathophysiology and ICU treatment - A narrative review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2020; 35:351-368. [PMID: 34511224 PMCID: PMC7831801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) and is a major health concern. Following two SARS-CoV-2 pandemic “waves,” intensive care unit (ICU) specialists are treating a large number of COVID19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. From a pathophysiological perspective, prominent mechanisms of COVID19-associated ARDS (CARDS) include severe pulmonary infiltration/edema and inflammation leading to impaired alveolar homeostasis, alteration of pulmonary physiology resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, endothelial inflammation (endotheliitis), vascular thrombosis, and immune cell activation. Although the syndrome ARDS serves as an umbrella term, distinct, i.e., CARDS-specific pathomechanisms and comorbidities can be noted (e.g., virus-induced endotheliitis associated with thromboembolism) and some aspects of CARDS can be considered ARDS “atypical.” Importantly, specific evidence-based medical interventions for CARDS (with the potential exception of corticosteroid use) are currently unavailable, limiting treatment efforts to mostly supportive ICU care. In this article, we will discuss the underlying pulmonary pathophysiology and the clinical management of CARDS. In addition, we will outline current and potential future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Pfortmueller
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Markus M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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