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Gentzel M. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) in America: A Novel Bioethical Argument for a Radical Public Health Proposal. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2024:10.1007/s11673-024-10369-5. [PMID: 39259474 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and the associated long-term chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, depression) have reached epidemic levels in the United States and Western nations. In response to this public health calamity, the author of this paper presents and defends a novel bioethical argument: the consistency argument for outlawing SSBs (sugar-sweetened beverages) for child consumption (the "consistency argument"). This argument's radical conclusion states that the government is justified in outlawing SSBs consumption for child consumption. The reasoning is as follows: if one accepts that the physical harm caused by chronic alcohol consumption justifies the government outlawing alcoholic beverages for child consumption, and there is strong evidence that comparable physical harms result from chronic SSBs consumption, then, mutatis mutandis, the government is also justified in outlawing child consumption of SSBs. To support this argument, the author provides extensive evidence based on epidemiological observational studies, interventional studies, controlled trials, large meta-analyses, and the pathophysiology and biological mechanisms of action behind SSBs and chronic disease. Chronic consumption of large doses of SSBs and alcoholic beverages both drive the same diseases: obesity and insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer. Chronic SSB consumption carries the additional risk of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and depression. The author concludes this paper by considering prominent objections to the consistency argument, and then demonstrating that each objection is unsound.
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Kotańska M, Zadrożna M, Kubacka M, Mika K, Szczepańska K, Nowak B, Alesci A, Miller A, Lauriano ER, Kieć-Kononowicz K. The Effect of KSK-94, a Dual Histamine H 3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, on Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of Developing Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:858. [PMID: 39065709 PMCID: PMC11280160 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies highlight the critical role that neural histamine plays in feeding behavior, which is controlled by central histamine H3 and H1 receptors. This is the fundamental motivation for the increased interest in creating histamine H3 receptor antagonists as anti-obesity medications. On the other hand, multiple other neurotransmitter systems have been identified as pharmacotherapeutic targets for obesity, including sigma-2 receptor systems. Interestingly, in our previous studies in the rat excessive eating model, we demonstrated a significant reduction in the development of obesity using dual histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands. Moreover, we showed that compound KSK-94 (structural analog of Abbott's A-331440) reduced the number of calories consumed, and thus acted as an anorectic compound. Therefore, in this study, we extended the previous research and studied the influence of KSK-94 on adipose tissue collected from animals from our previous experiment. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was collected from four groups of rats (standard diet + vehicle, palatable diet + vehicle, palatable diet + KSK-94, and palatable diet + bupropion/naltrexone) and subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The obtained results clearly indicate that compound KSK-94 prevented the hypertrophy and inflammation of visceral adipose tissue, normalized the levels of leptin, resistin and saved the total reduction capacity of adipose tissue, being more effective than bupropion/naltrexon in these aspects. Moreover, KSK-94 may induce browning of visceral white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that dual compounds with a receptor profile like KSK-94, i.e., targeting histamine H3 receptor and, to a lesser extent, sigma-2 receptor, could be attractive therapeutic options for patients at risk of developing obesity or with obesity and some metabolic disorders. However, more studies are required to determine its safety profile and the exact mechanism of action of KSK-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
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Remmelgas B, Lowes SL, Bates HE. Diabetes and obesity pathophysiology as a teaching tool to emphasize physiology core concepts. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:311-319. [PMID: 38452330 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00119.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and obesity are major public health issues that significantly impact the health care system. The next generation of health care providers will need a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases if we are to prevent, treat, and eventually cure these diseases and ease the burden on patients and the health care system. Physiology core concepts are a set of core principles, or "big ideas," identified by physiology educators that are thought to promote long-term retention, create a deeper understanding, and help with formation of critical thinking skills. Here we describe our scaffolded teaching approach in an upper year undergraduate pathophysiology course to educate students about these two diseases and discuss how learning about the basis of these highly integrative diseases from the biochemical to whole body level is a meaningful tool in the physiology educator toolbox to reinforce physiology core concepts. This teaching strategy is designed to engage students in the scientific process and hone their problem-solving skills such that they are hopefully equipped to treat and eventually cure these diseases as they move forward in their careers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Students often struggle with integration of physiological systems. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are two related diseases that are useful to explore the interdependence of physiological systems and multiple physiology core concepts. Deep learning about these diseases has the potential to dramatically improve the health care system of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanna L Lowes
- Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly E Bates
- Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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Cappelletti AM, Valenzuela Montero A, Cercato C, Duque Ossman JJ, Fletcher Vasquez PE, García García JE, Mancillas-Adame LG, Manrique HA, Ranchos Monterroso FDM, Segarra P, Navas T. Consensus on pharmacological treatment of obesity in Latin America. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13683. [PMID: 38123524 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A panel of 10 experts in obesity from various Latin American countries held a Zoom meeting intending to reach a consensus on the use of anti-obesity medicines and make updated recommendations suitable for the Latin American population based on the available evidence. A questionnaire with 16 questions was developed using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (Result) methodology, which was iterated according to the modified Delphi methodology, and a consensus was reached with 80% or higher agreement. Failure to reach a consensus led to a second round of analysis with a rephrased question and the same rules for agreement. The recommendations were drafted based on the guidelines of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice. This panel of experts recommends drug therapy in patients with a body mass index of ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 plus at least one comorbidity, when lifestyle changes are not enough to achieve the weight loss objective; alternatively, lifestyle changes could be maintained while considering individual parameters. Algorithms for the use of long-term medications are suggested based on drugs that increase or decrease body weight, results, contraindications, and medications that are not recommended. The authors concluded that anti-obesity treatments should be individualized and multidisciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Cappelletti
- Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine Society of Nutrition, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cintia Cercato
- Endocrinology and Metabology Service, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Segarra
- Ecuadorian Society of Endocrinology, Quito, Ecuador
- Ecuadorian Society of Internal Medicine, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Trina Navas
- General Hospital "Dr. José Gregorio Hernandez", Los Magallanes, Caracas, Venezuela
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Davey MG, Donlon NE, Fearon NM, Heneghan HM, Conneely JB. Evaluating the Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols on Surgical Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Obes Surg 2024; 34:778-789. [PMID: 38273146 PMCID: PMC10899423 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes are evidence-based care improvement processes for surgical patients, which are designed to decrease the impact the anticipated negative physiological cascades following surgery. AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the impact of ERAS protocols on outcomes following bariatric surgery compared to standard care (SC). METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 RESULTS: Six RCTs including 740 patients were included. The mean age was 40.2 years, and mean body mass index was 44.1 kg/m2. Overall, 54.1% underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (400/740) and 45.9% sleeve gastrectomy (340/700). Overall, patients randomised to ERAS programmes had a significant reduction in nausea and vomiting (odds ratio (OR): 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.95, P = 0.040), intraoperative time (mean difference (MD): 5.40, 95% CI: 3.05-7.77, P < 0.001), time to mobilisation (MD: - 7.78, 95% CI: - 5.46 to - 2.10, P < 0.001), intensive care unit stay (ICUS) (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.13-1.27, P = 0.020), total hospital stay (THS) (MD: - 0.42, 95% CI: - 0.69 to - 0.16, P = 0.002), and functional hospital stay (FHS) (MD: - 0.60, 95% CI: - 0.98 to - 0.22, P = 0.002) compared to those who received SC. CONCLUSION ERAS programmes reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, intraoperative time, time to mobilisation, ICUS, THS, and FHS compared to those who received SC. Accordingly, ERAS should be implemented, where feasible, for patients indicated to undergo bariatric surgery. Trial registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO - CRD42023434492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Davey
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Naomi M Fearon
- Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen M Heneghan
- Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John B Conneely
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
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Moura PC, Raposo M, Vassilenko V. Breath biomarkers in Non-Carcinogenic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117692. [PMID: 38065379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human matrices like breath, perspiration, and urine has received increasing attention from academic and medical researchers worldwide. These biological-borne VOCs molecules have characteristics that can be directly related to physiologic and pathophysiologic metabolic processes. In this work, gathers a total of 292 analytes that have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of various non-carcinogenic diseases. Herein we review the advances in VOCs with a focus on breath biomarkers and their potential role as minimally invasive tools to improve diagnosis prognosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Catalão Moura
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Lu V, Chen X, Thahir A, Krkovic M. Open injuries and obesity as emerging risk factors for vascular injury in knee dislocations: A retrospective study. Knee 2024; 46:34-40. [PMID: 38061163 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knee dislocations (KDs) are rare in orthopaedic trauma but can have devastating effects. Failing to diagnose a concomitant vascular injury can lead to amputation. Different methods are used for the diagnosis of a vascular injury and the best approach is under debate. This study aims to examine the risk factor(s) of vascular injury in patients with KDs, examine variables that differ between obese patients and non-obese patients with KDs, and analyse the modalities used to identify vascular injuries in the KD population. METHODS The electronic patient medical record system at a major trauma centre was retrospectively reviewed to identify knee dislocations from 2015 to 2022. These were stratified based on age, gender, BMI, mechanism of injury, vascular injury, non-vascular complications, and laterality. Co-variates were inputted into a univariable regression analysis, followed by a multivariable regression analysis to identify risk factors of vascular injury in patients with knee dislocations. Co-variates were also compared between obese and non-obese patients using two-tailed t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. RESULTS Forty patients were identified with a KD, with twenty-eight males and twelve females. The average age was 42.9 years, seventeen patients had a BMI of thirty or over, and eleven patients (27.5%) had a vascular injury. Open injuries (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.19-11.30; p = 0.038) and obesity (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.45-18.69; p = 0.027) are risk factors for vascular injury in patients with knee dislocation. Compared to non-obese patients, obese patients had a higher rate of open injury (p = 0.028), vascular injury (p = 0.017), low-energy injuries (p = 0.014), non-vascular complications (p = 0.017), and amputation (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Open injuries and obesity are risk factors for vascular injury in patients with KD. Compared to non-obese patients, obese patients have low-energy injuries and an increased rate of non-vascular complications, meaning that clinicians could err on the side of caution when investigating vascular injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom.
| | - Azeem Thahir
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Matija Krkovic
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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Chen H, Feng Y, Chen C, Yu S. Both early and late maternal age at childbirth is associated with increasing odds of central obesity in offspring. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23898. [PMID: 36932653 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite studies on offspring obesity and delayed parenthood, little attention has been paid to the central obesity of offspring. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal age at childbirth (MAC) was associated with central obesity in offspring among the adult population, and fasting insulin may play a role in this association as a mediating factor. METHODS A total of 423 adults (mean age 37.9 years, 37.1% female) were included. Information about maternal variables and other confounders was collected by face-to-face interview. Waist circumference and insulin were determined through physical measurements and biochemical examinations. Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the relationship between MAC and central obesity of offspring. The mediating effect of fasting insulin levels on association between MAC and offspring waist circumference was also analyzed. RESULTS There was a nonlinear relationship between MAC and central obesity in offspring. Compared with subjects with MAC 27-32 years, those with MAC 21-26 years (OR = 1.814, 95% CI: 1.129-2.915) and MAC ≥33 years (OR = 3.337, 95% CI: 1.638-6.798) had higher odds to develop central obesity. Offspring fasting insulin was also higher in MAC 21-26 years and MAC ≥33 years compared with those with MAC 27-32 years. Taking the group MAC 27-32 years as reference, the mediating effect of fasting insulin levels on the waist circumference was 20.6% and 12.4% for MAC 21-26 years and ≥ 33 years, respectively. CONCLUSION MAC 27-32 years has the lowest odds of central obesity in offspring. Fasting insulin levels may have a partial mediating effect on the association between MAC and central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academic Training Center, Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academic Training Center, Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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CROVETTO MIRTA, SEPÚLVEDA MARÍAJOSÉ. Relationship between dietary energy intake, nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in adults from the communes of Quellón and Chonchi, Chiloé, Chile. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E435-E441. [PMID: 36415288 PMCID: PMC9648548 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.3.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioural and metabolic risk factors are responsible for the greatest burden of disease; an unhealthy diet, along with abdominal obesity, are risk factors related to Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). METHODS Data concerning food patterns were determined by the application of an interview-type instrument, used to assess the daily and weekly frequency of consumption; cardiovascular risk was assessed using waist circumference, and nutritional status via Body Mass Index. Student's t test was applied to evaluate the differences between variables and the Pearson's chi-square test for the association of variables. RESULTS Dietary energy intake (kcal/capita/day) was 3000 kcal, with an average distribution of 12.2% (proteins), 46.9% (carbohydrates), and 40.9% (total fats). The 78% of the sample suffered from malnutrition by excess. About 37.5% had Non-Communicable Diseases, with high blood pressure being the most frequent disease among both genders, with the highest prevalence among women, along with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Depending on the nutritional status, the presence of obesity is associated with high cardiovascular risk (p = 0.000), greater energy availability (p = 0.012), and an increased occurrence of non-communicable diseases (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition by excess figures support the global alert for obesity and overweight, which are considered to be a pandemic; in addition, Chiloé is not immune to the increasing trend of processed and ultra-processed food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- MIRTA CROVETTO
- Correspondence: Mirta Crovetto, Avenida Playa Ancha 850, Edificio Puntangeles, Valparaíso; Chile. Phone: + (56 9) 98632477 - E-mail:
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Lépine G, Tremblay-Franco M, Bouder S, Dimina L, Fouillet H, Mariotti F, Polakof S. Investigating the Postprandial Metabolome after Challenge Tests to Assess Metabolic Flexibility and Dysregulations Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030472. [PMID: 35276829 PMCID: PMC8840206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the added value provided by a research strategy applying metabolomics analyses to assess phenotypic flexibility in response to different nutritional challenge tests in the framework of metabolic clinical studies. We discuss findings related to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and to mixed meals with varying fat contents and food matrix complexities. Overall, the use of challenge tests combined with metabolomics revealed subtle metabolic dysregulations exacerbated during the postprandial period when comparing healthy and at cardiometabolic risk subjects. In healthy subjects, consistent postprandial metabolic shifts driven by insulin action were reported (e.g., a switch from lipid to glucose oxidation for energy fueling) with similarities between OGTT and mixed meals, especially during the first hours following meal ingestion while differences appeared in a wider timeframe. In populations with expected reduced phenotypic flexibility, often associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, a blunted response on most key postprandial pathways was reported. We also discuss the most suitable statistical tools to analyze the dynamic alterations of the postprandial metabolome while accounting for complexity in study designs and data structure. Overall, the in-depth characterization of the postprandial metabolism and associated phenotypic flexibility appears highly promising for a better understanding of the onset of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrine Bouder
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Laurianne Dimina
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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McClellan B, Pham T, Harlow B, Lee G, Quach D, Jolly C, Brenner A, deGraffenried L. Modulation of Breast Cancer Cell FASN Expression by Obesity-Related Systemic Factors. BREAST CANCER: BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 16:11782234221111374. [PMID: 36035625 PMCID: PMC9400406 DOI: 10.1177/11782234221111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the impact of exposure to obesity-related systemic factors on fatty acid synthase enzyme (FASN) expression in breast cancer cells. Methods: MCF-7 breast cancer cells were exposed to sera from patients having obesity or not having obesity and subjected to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Subsequent MTT and colony-forming assays using both MCF-7 and T-47D cells exposed to sera and treated with or without FASN inhibitor, TVB-3166, were used. MCF-7 cells were then treated with insulin and the sterol regulatory element–binding protein (SREBP) processing inhibitor, betulin, prior to analysis of FASN expression by quantitative RT-qPCR and western blot. Insulin-induced SREBP-FASN promoter binding was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation with an anti-SREBP antibody. Results: In response to sera exposure (body mass index [BMI] >30) there was an increase in FASN expression in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, treatment with the FASN inhibitor, TVB-3166, resulted in a decreased breast cancer cell survival and proliferation while increasing apoptosis upon sera exposure (BMI >30). Insulin-exposed MCF-7 cells exhibited an increased FASN messenger RNA and protein expression, which is abrogated upon SREBP inhibition. In addition, insulin exposure induced enhanced SREBP binding to the FASN promoter. Conclusions: Our results implicate FASN as a potential mediator of obesity-induced breast cancer aggression and a therapeutic target of patients with obesity-induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan McClellan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tommy Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brittany Harlow
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gabby Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Duan Quach
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Jolly
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Brenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Linda deGraffenried
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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12
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Sapa J, Kotańska M. Influence of betahistine repeated administration on a weight gain and selected metabolic parameters in the model of excessive eating in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111892. [PMID: 34229247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to search for a promising therapeutic target or small molecules that can control excessive eating since limiting the intake of foods, especially tasty ones, could be effective in the treatment or prevention of obesity. Some studies indicate betahistine as an unique drug having the ability to ameliorate, for example, antipsychotic-induced weight gain. This study aimed to determine whether repeated administration of betahistine (histamine H1R agonist and H3R antagonist) could be beneficial in reducing the intake of tasty foods or the body's response to overeating via mechanisms such as by influencing the levels of hormones involved in the regulation of food intake or the levels of selected metabolic parameters. Studies were performed in the excessive eating model in rats, which perfectly illustrates the harmful high-caloric intake from freely available tasty products rich in sugar and fat. Our results indicated that repeated administration of betahistine to rats caused lower gain of body mass compared to the control rats fed palatable feed. Interestingly, betahistine treatment increased the consumption of cheese, which is a source of histamine. Although betahistine did not prevent the development of metabolic disorders, such as reduced glucose tolerance, in test animals, it significantly increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which could certainly be considered beneficial. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the effect of repeated administration of betahistine on satiety, gastrointestinal disorders, and the preference for histamine-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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Davrieux CF, Palermo M, Houghton E, Serra E, Acquafresca P, Finger C, Alvear Castro D, Giménez ME. Image-Guided Surgery for Common Bile Duct Stones After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 31:176-182. [PMID: 33306942 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2020.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between obesity with common bile duct stone (CBDS) is close and increases after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Due to the anatomical modification, direct endoscopic access is not always possible. For this reason, image-guided surgery (IGS) by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) of the common bile duct (CBD) could be a first-line approach for the treatment of post-RYGB choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility and safety of CBDS treatment after RYGB with IGS. Materials and Methods: We present a descriptive retrospective observational multicentric study on the treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients operated on for RYGB using IGS through a minimally invasive approach by PTBD. The diagnosis of CBDS was made according to the symptoms of the patients, supported by blood tests, and medical images. Treatment was planned in two stages: in the first step, a PTBD was performed, and in the second step the choledocholithiasis was removed. Results: Of a total of 1403 post-RYGB patients, 21 presented choledocholithiasis. Of these, n = 18 were included. Symptoms were reported in n = 15 (8 cholestatic jaundice, 7 cholangitis), whereas n = 3 were asymptomatic. Percutaneous treatment was performed in all these patients, treated with a balloon and stone basket. A hyperamylasemia without pancreatitis was observed in 3 patients. No complications or deaths associated with the procedure were reported. The average hospital stay was 8.6 days. Conclusion: IGS is an interesting option for the treatment CBDS after RYGB. For these patients, PTBD is feasible and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Federico Davrieux
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of General Surgery, Sanatorio de la Mujer, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariano Palermo
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, Diagnomed, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Houghton
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, Diagnomed, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of General Surgery, Hospital Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Serra
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, CIEN Center, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Pablo Acquafresca
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caetano Finger
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Alvear Castro
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Percutaneous Surgery, Intervencionismo Percutáneo, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Mariano E Giménez
- Department of Percutaneous Surgery, DAICIM Foundation (Teaching, Research, Assistance in Minimal Invasive Surgery), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Percutaneous Surgery, IRCAD (Institute for Research on Cancer of the Digestive System), Strasbourg, France.,IHU-Strasbourg, (Hospital-University Institute), Strasbourg, France
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14
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Relationship of estrogen synthesis capacity in the brain with obesity and self-control in men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22962-22966. [PMID: 32868418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006117117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadal hormones are linked to mechanisms that govern appetitive behavior and its suppression. Estrogens are synthesized from androgens by the enzyme aromatase, highly expressed in the ovaries of reproductive-aged women and in the brains of men and women of all ages. We measured aromatase availability in the amygdala using positron emission tomography (PET) with the aromatase inhibitor [11C]vorozole in a sample of 43 adult, normal-weight, overweight, or obese men and women. A subsample of 27 also completed personality measures to examine the relationship between aromatase and personality traits related to self-regulation and inhibitory control. Results indicated that aromatase availability in the amygdala was negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (in kilograms per square meter) and positively correlated with scores of the personality trait constraint independent of sex or age. Individual variations in the brain's capacity to synthesize estrogen may influence the risk of obesity and self-control in men and women.
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15
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Marcos-Delgado A, Fernández-Villa T, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Castañer O, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem JLL, García-Molina L, Tur JA, de Paz JA, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Babio N, Gimenez-Alba IM, Toledo E, Zomeño MD, Zulet MA, Vaquero-Luna J, Pérez-López J, Pastor-Morel A, Galmes-Panades AM, García-Rios A, Casas R, Bernal-López MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Becerra-Tomás N, Ortega-Azorin C, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Pérez-Vega KA, Abete I, Sorto-Sánchez C, Palau-Galindo A, Galilea-Zabalza I, Muñoz-Martínez J, Martín V. The Effect of Physical Activity and High Body Mass Index on Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3728. [PMID: 32466190 PMCID: PMC7277554 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marcos-Delgado
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.Z.); (I.A.)
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.V.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (L.G.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 29009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. LLuís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Laura García-Molina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Antonio de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autonoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Zomeño
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - M. A. Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.Z.); (I.A.)
| | - Jessica Vaquero-Luna
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.V.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Jessica Pérez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Aina M Galmes-Panades
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 29009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.Z.); (I.A.)
| | - Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.V.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Antoni Palau-Galindo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Iñigo Galilea-Zabalza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
| | - Júlia Muñoz-Martínez
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Vicente Martín
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (L.G.-M.)
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Energy Balance as a Moderator of Neurologic Disease Risk and Progression. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:242-248. [PMID: 32215816 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease that like multiple other neurologic diseases has no curative treatment currently available. Environmental exposures to known neurotoxic compounds (e.g., pesticides, heavy metals, cyanobacterial toxins, etc.) are identified as risk factors associated with ALS. Assuming these environmental factors have causative roles in disease risk and given the ubiquity of these types of exposures for the modern human, why are not more people afflicted with ALS? Herein is proposed an energy balance moderation framework (EBMF)-a framework that postulates energy balance as a key moderator of neurologic disease risk. The EBMF proposes that the ability of the body to handle toxic compound exposures through excretion, metabolism, and/or storage impacts the acute and chronic tissue-specific toxicity which is moderated by energy balance. In this model, positive energy balance (weight gain or excess body weight/mass) would be protective against acute neurotoxic exposure permitting the assimilation and sequestration of toxic compounds within body stores separate from the nervous system. However, this protective buffering could be lost during sustained negative energy balance (weight loss) with the release of sequestered compounds redistributing to the nervous system. The EBMF may have relevance beyond ALS for other neurologic diseases with demonstrated environmental risks (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease) and offers new insights into potential strategies to reduce disease risk and develop novel treatments.
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Çakir M, Özyurt E. Comparison of direct laryngoscope and McGrath videolaryngoscope in terms of glottic view and hemodynamics in bariatric surgery. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:213-218. [PMID: 31931553 PMCID: PMC7080387 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1905-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim In the recent years, videolaryngoscopes (VL) have emerged as alternative devices to direct laryngoscopes (DL) in difficult intubation situations. Therefore, we aimed to compare the Macintosh DL and McGrath VL in terms of the glottic image quality, intubation success, intubation time, hemodynamic response after intubation, and complications in bariatric surgery patients. Material and methods After obtaining approval by the ethics committee and receiving informed consent, we recorded the demographic and physical data of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group M was intubated with the Macintosh DL, and Group V was intubated with the McGrath VL. After intubation, we noted the Cormack–Lehane score, the duration of intubation, the number of intubation interventions, and the hemodynamic data of patients. Results A total of 62 patients (ASA II, body mass index of >35 kg/m2) were included in the study. All patients except 1 patient were intubated on the first attempt. Although there was a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure with induction, similar hemodynamic data were obtained between groups during the operation. In group V, we obtained a better glottic image (P = 0.011), but intubation success was similar between the study groups. We also measured the intubation time in group M as 45.9 ± 19.1 s and group V as 57.1 ± 15.8 s (P = 0.015). Discussion Although we measured longer intubation times with the McGrath VL compared with the Macintosh DL, we obtained a better glottic image without causing hemodynamic changes. However, these findings did not make any difference in terms of intubation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Çakir
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Uzunköprü State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Erhan Özyurt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Association of FTO and ADRB2 gene variation with energy restriction induced adaptations in resting energy expenditure and physical activity. Gene 2019; 721S:100019. [PMID: 32550549 PMCID: PMC7285957 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Energy restriction induces adaptations in resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity; inter-individual variability could be ascribed to genetic predisposition.The aim was to examine if changes in REE and physical activity as a result of weight loss were affected by candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods 148 subjects (39 men, 109 women), mean ± SD age: 41 ± 9 year; body mass index (BMI): 31.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2, followed a very low energy diet for 8 weeks. SNPs were selected from six candidate genes: ADRB2, FTO, MC4R, PPARG2, PPARD and PPARGC1A. REE (ventilated hood) and physical activity (tri-axial accelerometer) were assessed before and after the diet. General linear modelling included gender, age and additional relevant covariates for all parameters. Results The heterozygotic genotype of FTO was associated with a higher amount of physical activity (1.71 Mcounts/d; CI 1.62-1.81) compared to the homozygotic major genotype (1.50 Mcounts/d; CI 1.40-1.59) (P < 0.001) while the homozygotic risk allele genotype was not different (1.56 Mcounts/d; CI 1.39-1.74) at baseline; moreover, a similar pattern was observed after energy restriction. Carrying the homozygotic minor genotype of ADRB2 was associated with a larger decrease in REE (P < 0.05) and greater adaptive thermogenesis (P < 0.05) after weight loss. Conclusion Carrying the minor ADRB2 allele homozygous was associated with a larger diet induced metabolic adaptation in energy expenditure and suggest a central role for reduced lipid mobilization. Carrying the risk allele of FTO homozygous was not associated with lower physical activity at baseline or after weight loss. Heterozygous carriers of one FTO risk allele showed greater physical activity before and after weight loss which might protect them in part from the higher obesity risk associated with FTO.
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Key Words
- ADRB2, β2-adrenergic receptor
- Adaptive thermogenesis
- BMI, body mass index
- Energy balance
- FFM, fat-free mass
- FM, fat mass
- FTO, fat mass and obesity associated
- GLM, general linear modelling
- Genetic predisposition
- MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor
- Metabolic adaptation
- PPARD, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ
- PPARGC1A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ coactivator-1α
- REE, resting energy expenditure
- REEm, resting energy expenditure, measured
- REEp, resting energy expenditure, predicted
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- VLED, very low energy diet
- Weight loss
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An Anesthesiologist's Perspective on the History of Basic Airway Management: The "Modern" Era, 1960 to Present. Anesthesiology 2019; 130:686-711. [PMID: 30829659 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This fourth and last installment of my history of basic airway management discusses the current (i.e., "modern") era of anesthesia and resuscitation, from 1960 to the present. These years were notable for the implementation of intermittent positive pressure ventilation inside and outside the operating room. Basic airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (i.e., expired air ventilation) was de-emphasized, as the "A-B-C" (airway-breathing-circulation) protocol was replaced with the "C-A-B" (circulation-airway-breathing) intervention sequence. Basic airway management in the operating room (i.e., face-mask ventilation) lost its predominant position to advanced airway management, as balanced anesthesia replaced inhalation anesthesia. The one-hand, generic face-mask ventilation technique was inherited from the progressive era. In the new context of providing intermittent positive pressure ventilation, the generic technique generated an underpowered grip with a less effective seal and an unspecified airway maneuver. The significant advancement that had been made in understanding the pathophysiology of upper airway obstruction was thus poorly translated into practice. In contrast to consistent progress in advanced airway management, progress in basic airway techniques and devices stagnated.
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Carrus G, Pirchio S, Mastandrea S. Social-Cultural Processes and Urban Affordances for Healthy and Sustainable Food Consumption. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2407. [PMID: 30574108 PMCID: PMC6291490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of research highlighting the relation between cultural processes, social norms, and food choices, discussing the implication of these findings for the promotion of more sustainable lifestyles. Our aim is to outline how environmental psychological research on urban affordances, through the specific concepts of restorative environments and walkability, could complement these findings to better understand human health, wellbeing and quality of life. We highlight how social norms and cultural processes are linked to food choices, and we discuss the possible health-related outcomes of cultural differences in food practices as well as their relation to acculturation and globalization processes. We also discuss the concepts of restorative environments and walkability as positive urban affordances, their relation to human wellbeing, and the possible link with cultural processes and sustainable lifestyles. Finally, we outline issues for future research and areas for policy-making and interventions on the links between cultural processes, healthy and sustainable food consumption and urban affordances, for the pursuit of public health, wellbeing and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carrus
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabine Pirchio
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastandrea
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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21
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Katare B, Beatty TKM. Do environmental factors drive obesity? Evidence from international graduate students. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 27:1567-1593. [PMID: 29926513 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
International students offer a unique window into the role environmental factors play in driving obesity. Naïve estimates of the relationship between environmental factors and obesity are often plagued by reverse causation, sample selection, and omitted variable bias. In this study, we survey international students at 40 public universities across the United States. We use this unique data to link the weight gain of international students to the prevalence of obesity where they live. We argue that our estimates are less likely to be biased as international students have limited control over the environment to which they are exposed upon arrival in the United States. We find that students living in areas with a higher prevalence of obesity show a biologically important and statistically significantly greater increase in weight as compared to those living in areas with a lower prevalence of obesity. Results provide cautious evidence that environmental characteristics of a region can affect the weight gain of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Katare
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy K M Beatty
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Libby AE, Bales ES, Monks J, Orlicky DJ, McManaman JL. Perilipin-2 deletion promotes carbohydrate-mediated browning of white adipose tissue at ambient temperature. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1482-1500. [PMID: 29866659 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m086249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking perilipin-2 (Plin2-null) are resistant to obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver induced by Western or high-fat diets. In the current study, we found that, compared with WT mice on Western diet, Plin2-null adipose tissue was more insulin sensitive and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) exhibited profound browning and robust induction of thermogenic and carbohydrate-responsive genetic programs at room temperature. Surprisingly, these Plin2-null responses correlated with the content of simple carbohydrates, rather than fat, in the diet, and were independent of adipose Plin2 expression. To define Plin2 and sugar effects on adipose browning, WT and Plin2-null mice were placed on chow diets containing 20% sucrose in their drinking water for 6 weeks. Compared with WT mice, iWAT of Plin2-null mice exhibited pronounced browning and striking increases in the expression of thermogenic and insulin-responsive genes on this diet. Significantly, Plin2-null iWAT browning was associated with reduced sucrose intake and elevated serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 levels, which correlated with greatly enhanced hepatic FGF21 production. These data identify Plin2 actions as novel mediators of sugar-induced adipose browning through indirect effects of hepatic FGF21 expression, and suggest that adipose browning mechanisms may contribute to Plin2-null resistance to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Libby
- Integrated Physiology Graduate Program, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Elise S Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jenifer Monks
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - James L McManaman
- Integrated Physiology Graduate Program, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 .,Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Giles ED, Higgins JA, Foright RM, Presby DM, Johnson GC, Houck JA, Houser JL, Oljira R, MacLean PS. Prior weight loss exacerbates the biological drive to gain weight after the loss of ovarian function. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13272. [PMID: 28533263 PMCID: PMC5449558 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the history of obesity and weight loss may change how menopause affects metabolic health. The purpose was to determine whether obesity and/or weight loss status alters energy balance (EB) and subsequent weight gain after the loss of ovarian function. Female lean and obese Wistar rats were randomized to 15% weight loss (WL) or ad libitum fed controls (CON). After the weight loss period, WL rats were kept in EB at the reduced weight for 8 weeks prior to ovariectomy (OVX). After OVX, all rats were allowed to eat ad libitum until weight plateaued. Energy intake (EI), spontaneous physical activity, and total energy expenditure (TEE) were measured with indirect calorimetry before OVX, immediately after OVX, and after weight plateau. Changes in energy intake (EI), TEE, and weight gain immediately after OVX were similar between lean and obese rats. However, obese rats gained more total weight and fat mass than lean rats over the full regain period. Post-OVX, EI increased more (P ≤ 0.03) in WL rats (58.9 ± 3.5 kcal/d) than CON rats (8.5 ± 5.2 kcal/d), and EI partially normalized (change from preOVX: 20.5 ± 4.2 vs. 1.5 ± 4.9 kcal/day) by the end of the study. As a result, WL rats gained weight (week 1:44 ± 20 vs. 7 ± 25 g) more rapidly (mean = 44 ± 20 vs. 7 ± 25 g/week; P < 0.001) than CON Prior obesity did not affect changes in EB or weight regain following OVX, whereas a history of weight loss prior to OVX augmented disruptions in EB after OVX, resulting in more rapid weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David M Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jordan L Houser
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robera Oljira
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Dolan E, Swinton PA, Sale C, Healy A, O'Reilly J. Influence of adipose tissue mass on bone mass in an overweight or obese population: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:858-870. [PMID: 29028271 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The scientific literature shows conflicting evidence about the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in overweight and obese populations. The aim of this review was to quantify the correlation between adipose mass (absolute and relative) and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight and obese populations. Three databases were searched electronically. In addition, reference lists of relevant articles were screened. A total of 16 studies, comprising 2587 participants and 75 correlation coefficients were selected for inclusion in the review. Data were extracted from each study using a standardized form. Multilevel modeling indicated opposing relationships between BMD and adiposity: absolute adiposity correlated positively, and relative adiposity negatively, with BMD. Sex and age were the primary moderators of these relationships. Strong evidence supported a negative relationship between relative adipose mass and BMD in men (R = -0.37; 95%CI, -0.57 to -0.12) and in those aged less than 25 years (R = -0.28; 95%CI, -0.45 to -0.08). To prevent bone loss in overweight and obese populations, nutrition- and exercise-based interventions that focus on a controlled reduction of adipose mass with concomitant preservation of lean mass are recommended. : PROSPERO no. CRD42015024313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife Healy
- CSHER, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Reilly
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Salomon T, Nganoa C, Gac AC, Fruchart C, Damaj G, Aide N, Lasnon C. Assessment of alteration in liver 18F-FDG uptake due to steatosis in lymphoma patients and its impact on the Deauville score. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 45:941-950. [PMID: 29279943 PMCID: PMC5915498 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was (1) to evaluate the prevalence of steatosis in lymphoma patients and its evolution during treatment; (2) to evaluate the impact of hepatic steatosis on 18F-FDG liver uptake; and (3) to study how hepatic steatosis affects the Deauville score (DS) for discriminating between responders and non-responders. METHODS Over a 1-year period, 358 PET scans from 227 patients [122 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 57 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 48 Follicular lymphoma (FL)] referred for baseline (n = 143), interim (n = 79) and end-of-treatment (EoT, n = 136) PET scans were reviewed. Steatosis was diagnosed on the unenhanced CT part of PET/CT examinations using a cut-off value of 42 Hounsfield units (HU). EARL-compliant SULmax were recorded on the liver and the tumour target lesion. DS were then computed. RESULTS Prevalence of steatosis at baseline, interim and EoT PET was 15/143 (10.5%), 6/79 (7.6%) and 16/136 (11.8%), respectively (p = 0.62).Ten out of 27 steatotic patients (37.0%) displayed a steatotic liver on all examinations. Six patients (22.2%) had a disappearance of hepatic steatosis during their time-course of treatment. Only one patient developed steatosis during his course of treatment. Liver SULmax values were significantly lower in the steatosis versus non-steatotic groups of patients for interim (1.66 ± 0.36 versus 2.15 ± 0.27) and EoT (1.67 ± 0.29 versus 2.17 ± 0.30) PET. CT density was found to be an independent factor that correlated with liver SULmax, while BMI, blood glucose level and the type of chemotherapy regimen were not. Using a method based on this correlation to correct liver SULmax, all DS4 steatotic patients on interim (n = 1) and EoT (n = 2) PET moved to DS3. CONCLUSIONS Steatosis is actually a theoretical but not practical issue in most patients but should be recognised and corrected in appropriate cases, namely, for those patients scored DS4 with a percentage difference between the target lesion and the liver background lower than 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Salomon
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Catherine Nganoa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Gac
- Haematology Institute, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | | | - Gandhi Damaj
- Haematology Institute, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Aide
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France. .,Normandie University, Caen, France. .,INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Normandie University, Caen, France.
| | - Charline Lasnon
- INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Normandie University, Caen, France.,Nuclear Medicine Department, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
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26
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Warren JL, Bulur S, Ovalle F, Windham ST, Gower BA, Fisher G. Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species production, and metabolism in premenopausal women. Metabolism 2017; 77:1-12. [PMID: 29132536 PMCID: PMC5726454 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute metabolic demands that promote excessive and/or prolonged reactive oxygen species production may stimulate changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. PURPOSE To assess changes in skeletal muscle H2O2 production, mitochondrial function, and expression of genes at the mRNA and protein levels regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics following a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in a cohort of 11 healthy premenopausal women. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were taken at baseline and immediately following the conclusion of a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Mitochondrial production of H2O2 was quantified fluorometrically and mitochondrial oxidation supported by pyruvate, malate, and succinate (PMS) or palmitoyl carnitine and malate (PCM) was measured by high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fiber bundles. mRNA and protein levels were assessed by real time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS H2O2 emission increased following the clamp (P<0.05). Coupled respiration (State 3) supported by PMS and the respiratory control ratio (index of mitochondrial coupling) for both PMS and PCM were lower following the clamp (P<0.05). IRS1 mRNA decreased, whereas PGC1α and GLUT4 mRNA increased following the clamp (P≤0.05). PGC1α, IRS1, and phosphorylated AKT protein levels were higher after the clamp compared to baseline (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that acute hyperinsulinemia induced H2O2 production and a concurrent decrease in coupling of mitochondrial respiration with ATP production in a cohort of healthy premenopausal women. Future studies should determine if this uncoupling ameliorates peripheral oxidative damage, and if this mechanism is impaired in diseases associated with chronic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Warren
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sule Bulur
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fernando Ovalle
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samuel T Windham
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Xiong X, Bales ES, Ir D, Robertson CE, McManaman JL, Frank DN, Parkinson J. Perilipin-2 modulates dietary fat-induced microbial global gene expression profiles in the mouse intestine. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:117. [PMID: 28877764 PMCID: PMC5588750 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microbiota are critical determinants of obesity and metabolic disease risk. In previous work, we showed that deletion of the cytoplasmic lipid droplet (CLD) protein perilipin-2 (Plin2) modulates gut microbial community structure and abrogates long-term deleterious effects of a high-fat (HF) diet in mice. However, the impact of Plin2 on microbiome function is unknown. RESULTS Here, we used metatranscriptomics to identify differences in microbiome transcript expression in WT and Plin2-null mice following acute exposure to high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HF) or low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LF) diets. Consistent with previous studies, dietary changes resulted in significant taxonomic shifts. Unexpectedly, when fed a HF diet, the microbiota of Plin2-null and WT mice exhibited dramatic shifts in transcript expression despite no discernible shift in community structure. For Plin2-null mice, these changes included the coordinated upregulation of metabolic enzymes directing flux towards the production of growth metabolites such as fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids. In contrast, the LF diet did not appear to induce the same dramatic changes in transcript or pathway expression between the two genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that a host genotype can modulate microbiome function without impacting community structure and identify Plin2 as a specific host determinant of diet effects on microbial function. Along with uncovering potential mechanisms for integrating how diet modulates host and microbial metabolism, our findings demonstrate the limits of 16S rRNA surveys to inform on community functional activities and the need to prioritize metatranscriptomic studies to gain more meaningful insights into microbiome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Xiong
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4 ON Canada
| | - Elise S. Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
- Microbiome Research Consortium, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
| | - James L. McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
- Microbiome Research Consortium, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, 80045 CO USA
| | - John Parkinson
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4 ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 ON Canada
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Brown BB, Smith KR, Jensen WA, Tharp D. Transit Rider Body Mass Index Before and After Completion of Street Light-Rail Line in Utah. Am J Public Health 2017; 107:1484-1486. [PMID: 28727533 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.303899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether 2012 to 2015 (times 1-3) ridership changes correlated with body mass index (BMI) changes after transit line completion in Salt Lake City, Utah. METHODS We used Global Positioning System/accelerometry-measured transit ridership measures in 2012 to 2013 (times 1-2) to compare objective and self-reported ridership. Regression models related changes in objectively measured ridership (times 1-2) and self-reported ridership (times 1-2 and times 1-3) to BMI changes, adjusting for control variables. RESULTS Objective and self-reported ridership measures were consistent. From time 1 to 2 (P = .021) or to 3 (P = .015), BMI increased among self-reported former riders and decreased among new riders (P = .09 for both times 1-2 and times 1-3), although the latter was nonsignificant. Time 3 attrition adjustment had no effect on results. Adjusting for baseline BMI, the nonsignificant effect for new riders remained nonsignificant, indicating no BMI change; the BMI increase after discontinuing transit remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Observed BMI increases subsequent to stopping transit ridership persisted for more than 2 years (postintervention). These results suggest that transit ridership protects against BMI gains and support the need to provide convenient transit for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Brown
- All of the authors are with the Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Barbara B. Brown and Ken R. Smith are also with the Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City
| | - Ken R Smith
- All of the authors are with the Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Barbara B. Brown and Ken R. Smith are also with the Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City
| | - Wyatt A Jensen
- All of the authors are with the Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Barbara B. Brown and Ken R. Smith are also with the Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City
| | - Doug Tharp
- All of the authors are with the Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Barbara B. Brown and Ken R. Smith are also with the Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City
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The association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and health-related quality of life among adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:406-412. [PMID: 28130968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to examine the association between body mass index, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and health-related quality of life in a sample of Spanish adolescents. METHOD The study involved 456 adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years. They completed questionnaires on the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED), physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children [PAQ-C]), and quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27). Body mass index was calculated. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to determine whether health-related quality of life could be predicted by the measured variables. The variables were analyzed in a stepwise manner, with Mediterranean diet entered in the first step, body mass index in the second, and physical activity in the third. RESULTS Mediterranean diet accounted for 4.6% of the variance in adolescent's health-related quality of life, with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet predicting higher health-related quality of life-scores. Body mass index accounted for a further 4.1% of the variance, with a higher body mass index predicting lower health-related quality of life scores. Finally, physical activity explained an additional 11.3% of the variance, with a higher level of physical activity being associated with higher health-related quality of life scores. Together, these variables explained 20% of the variance in the adolescents' health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, body mass index, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are important components to consider when targeting improvements in the health-related quality of life of adolescents, with physical activity representing the component with the greatest influence.
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The association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and health‐related quality of life among adolescents. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Oliveira ACMD, Ferreira RC, Santos AA. Cardiovascular risk assessment according to the Framingham score and abdominal obesity in individuals seen by a clinical school of nutrition. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 62:138-44. [PMID: 27167543 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relation of abdominal obesity on cardiovascular risk in individuals seen by a clinic school of nutrition, classifying them based on Framingham score. METHODS Cross-sectional study, conducted at the nutrition clinic of a private college in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. We included randomly selected adults and elderly individuals with abdominal obesity, of both sexes, treated from August to December of 2009, with no history of cardiomyopathy or cardiovascular events. To determine the cardiovascular risk, the Framingham score was calculated. All analyzes were performed with SPSS software version 20.0, with p <0.05 as significative. RESULTS We studied 54 subjects, 83% female, the mean age was 48 years old, ranging from 31 to 73 years. No correlation was observed between measurements of waist circumference and cardiovascular risk in the subjects studied (r=0.065, p=0.048), and there was no relationship between these parameters. CONCLUSION Abdominal fat distribution was weakly related to cardiovascular risk in patients seen by a clinical school of nutrition.
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High fat diet induced-obesity facilitates anxiety-like behaviors due to GABAergic impairment within the dorsomedial hypothalamus in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 316:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liu S, Wilson JG, Jiang F, Griswold M, Correa A, Mei H. Multi-variant study of obesity risk genes in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. Gene 2016; 593:315-21. [PMID: 27575456 PMCID: PMC5235348 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been successful in identifying obesity risk genes by single-variant association analysis. For this study, we designed steps of analysis strategy and aimed to identify multi-variant effects on obesity risk among candidate genes. METHODS Our analyses were focused on 2137 African American participants with body mass index measured in the Jackson Heart Study and 657 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped at 8 GWAS-identified obesity risk genes. RESULTS Single-variant association test showed that no SNPs reached significance after multiple testing adjustment. The following gene-gene interaction analysis, which was focused on SNPs with unadjusted p-value<0.10, identified 6 significant multi-variant associations. Logistic regression showed that SNPs in these associations did not have significant linear interactions; examination of genetic risk score evidenced that 4 multi-variant associations had significant additive effects of risk SNPs; and haplotype association test presented that all multi-variant associations contained one or several combinations of particular alleles or haplotypes, associated with increased obesity risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study evidenced that obesity risk genes generated multi-variant effects, which can be additive or non-linear interactions, and multi-variant study is an important supplement to existing GWAS for understanding genetic effects of obesity risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Liu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - James G Wilson
- Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Michael Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Hao Mei
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Libby AE, Bales E, Orlicky DJ, McManaman JL. Perilipin-2 Deletion Impairs Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Interfering with Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP) Activation and Altering the Hepatic Lipidome. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24231-24246. [PMID: 27679530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilipin-2 (PLIN2) is a constitutively associated cytoplasmic lipid droplet coat protein that has been implicated in fatty liver formation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mice with or without whole-body deletion of perilipin-2 (Plin2-null) were fed either Western or control diets for 30 weeks. Perilipin-2 deletion prevents obesity and insulin resistance in Western diet-fed mice and dramatically reduces hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in mice fed Western or control diets. Gene and protein expression studies reveal that PLIN2 deletion suppressed SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 target genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways in livers of mice on either diet. GC-MS lipidomics demonstrate that this reduction correlated with profound alterations in the hepatic lipidome with significant reductions in both desaturation and elongation of hepatic neutral lipid species. To examine the possibility that lipidomic actions of PLIN2 deletion contribute to suppression of SREBP activation, we isolated endoplasmic reticulum membrane fractions from long-term Western diet-fed wild type (WT) and Plin2-null mice. Lipidomic analyses reveal that endoplasmic reticulum membranes from Plin2-null mice are markedly enriched in ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which others have shown inhibit SREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. Our results identify PLIN2 as a determinant of global changes in the hepatic lipidome and suggest the hypothesis that these actions contribute to SREBP-regulated de novo lipogenesis involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Libby
- From the Integrated Physiology Graduate Program.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, and
| | | | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - James L McManaman
- From the Integrated Physiology Graduate Program, .,Division of Reproductive Sciences, and
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De Robertis E, Zito Marinosci G, Romano GM, Piazza O, Iannuzzi M, Cirillo F, De Simone S, Servillo G. The use of sugammadex for bariatric surgery: analysis of recovery time from neuromuscular blockade and possible economic impact. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2016; 8:317-22. [PMID: 27418846 PMCID: PMC4934482 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromuscular block (NMB) monitoring and use of reversal agents accelerate the recovery time and improve the workflow in the operating room. We aimed to compare recovery times after sugammadex or neostigmine administration, and estimate the time spent in operating theater and the possible economic impact of a faster recovery, in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study that analyzed data from records of morbidly obese patients (body mass index >40 kg/m(2)) undergoing elective laparoscopic bariatric surgery in which sugammadex or neostigmine were used to reverse NMB. Patients were divided in two groups: group 1 (sugammadex group [SUG]) received rocuronium and sugammadex for reversal and group 2 (neostigmine group [NEO]) received either rocuronium or cisatracurium and neostigmine. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation). RESULTS Compared with NEO, SUG group showed shorter times to achieve train-of-four ratio of 0.9 (P<0.05) and an Aldrete score of 10 (P<0.05), a higher cost (€146.7 vs €3.6 [P<0.05]), plus a remarkable less duration of operating theater occupancy (P<0.05). Sugammadex cost accounted for 2.58% of the total cost per surgery, while neostigmine cost accounted for 0.06%. Total time saved in SUG group was 19.4 hours, which could be used to perform 12 extra laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies. CONCLUSION Reversal from NMB was significantly faster with sugammadex than with neostigmine. Although sugammadex was substantially more expensive, duration of operating theater occupancy was reduced with potentially workflow increase or personnel reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Robertis
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples
| | - Geremia Zito Marinosci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples
| | - Giovanni Marco Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples
| | - Ornella Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno
| | - Michele Iannuzzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples
| | - Fabrizio Cirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples
| | - Stefania De Simone
- Institute for Research on Innovation and Services for Development, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples
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Isla Pera P, Ferrér MCO, Nuñez Juarez M, Nuñez Juarez E, Maciá Soler L, López Matheu C, Rigol Cuadra A, Pérez MH, Marre D. Obesity, knee osteoarthritis, and polypathology: factors favoring weight loss in older people. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:957-65. [PMID: 27313449 PMCID: PMC4890692 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s92183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the meaning of obesity in elderly persons with knee osteoarthritis (KO) and to determine the factors that encourage or discourage weight loss. BACKGROUND Various studies have demonstrated that body mass index is related to KO and that weight loss improves symptoms and functional capacity. However, dietary habits are difficult to modify and most education programs are ineffective. DESIGN A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Intentional sampling was performed in ten older persons with KO who had lost weight and improved their health-related quality of life after participating in a health education program. A thematic content analysis was conducted following the stages proposed by Miles and Huberman. FINDINGS Participants understood obesity as a risk factor for health problems and stigma. They believed that the cause of obesity was multifactorial and criticized health professionals for labeling them as "obese" and for assigning a moral value to slimness and diet. The factors identified as contributing to the effectiveness of the program were a tolerant attitude among health professionals, group education that encouraged motivation, quantitative dietary recommendations, and a meaningful learning model based on social learning theories. CONCLUSION Dietary self-management without prohibitions helped participants to make changes in the quantity and timing of some food intake and to lose weight without sacrificing some foods that were deeply rooted in their culture and preferences. Dietary education programs should focus on health-related quality of life and include scientific knowledge but should also consider affective factors and the problems perceived as priorities by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Isla Pera
- School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Nuñez Juarez
- Department of Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Clínic Institute Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diana Marre
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Camps SGJA, Verhoef SPM, Westerterp KR. Physical activity and weight loss are independent predictors of improved insulin sensitivity following energy restriction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:291-6. [PMID: 26813523 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of physical activity and the joint effect with sleep duration on insulin sensitivity (IS) during energy restriction followed by weight maintenance were determined. METHODS One hundred and two subjects (28 males) (mean ± SD age: 40 ± 9 years; BMI: 31.9 ± 3.0 kg/m(2) ) followed a very-low-energy diet for 8 weeks, followed by a 44-week period of weight maintenance. Body composition (three-compartment model based on body weight, total body water, and body volume), physical activity (accelerometry), sleep (questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were assessed before the diet and at 8, 20, and 52 weeks after the start. RESULTS Compared to baseline, IS was improved significantly after 8 weeks (P < 0.001) and was higher after 20 weeks (P < 0.001) and 52 weeks (P < 0.05). After 8, 20, and 52 weeks, 23% (P < 0.01), 19% (P < 0.05), and 13% (P < 0.05), respectively, of the variance in IS improvement was explained by weight loss percentage and change in physical activity counts. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining daily physical activity during energy restriction is as important as weight loss itself in the improvement of IS; there was no additional effect of change in sleep duration. During weight maintenance, improved IS is maintained better if physical activity returns to baseline or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G J A Camps
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne P M Verhoef
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Mazurak N, Sauer H, Weimer K, Dammann D, Zipfel S, Horing B, Muth ER, Teufel M, Enck P, Mack I. Effect of a weight reduction program on baseline and stress-induced heart rate variability in children with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:439-45. [PMID: 26704529 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autonomic dysregulation is a well-established feature in adults with obesity but not in children. Since this dysregulation could contribute to weight dynamics, this study aimed to compare autonomic regulation in children with obesity and normal-weight peers and to track autonomic status during weight reduction. METHODS Sixty children with obesity and 27 age- and sex-matched normal-weight healthy participants were included. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at baseline and during a mental stress test and a subsequent recovery period. Children with obesity were investigated both upon admission and discharge. RESULTS Upon admission, no significant differences in HRV parameters were found for normal-weight participants and those with obesity. Inpatient treatment led to significant changes in HRV with increase in general variability (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN), P < 0.001) as well as of parasympathetic regulation (root mean square successive difference (RMSSD) and high frequency power (logHF), P < 0.01). Children with obesity had sympathetic activation similar to normal-weight controls during mental stress with subsequent return to baseline values, and weight loss did not affect this profile. CONCLUSIONS A weight reduction program induced a change in autonomic activity in children with obesity toward parasympathetic dominance but had no influence on autonomic nervous system reactivity during stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Mazurak
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- SymbioGruppe GmbH, Herborn, Germany
| | - Helene Sauer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Dammann
- Fachkliniken Wangen I.A., Children Rehabilitation Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Allergies and Psychosomatics, Wangen I.A., Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn Horing
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eric R Muth
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Teufel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Sakızcı-Uyar B, Çelik S, Postacı A, Bayraktar Y, Dikmen B, Özkoçak-Turan I, Saçan O. Comparison of the effect of rocuronium dosing based on corrected or lean body weight on rapid sequence induction and neuromuscular blockade duration in obese female patients. Saudi Med J 2016; 37:60-5. [PMID: 26739976 PMCID: PMC4724681 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.1.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare onset time, duration of action, and tracheal intubation conditions in obese patients when the intubation dose of rocuronium was based on corrected body weight (CBW) versus lean body weight (LBW) for rapid sequence induction. METHODS This prospective study was carried out at Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between August 2013 and May 2014. Forty female obese patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups. Group CBW (n=20) received 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium based on CBW, and group LBW (n=20) received 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium based on LBW. Endotracheal intubation was performed 60 seconds after injection of muscle relaxant, and intubating conditions were evaluated. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored using acceleromyography of the adductor pollicis. Onset time, defined as time to depression of the twitch tension to 95% of its control value, and duration of action, defined as time to achieve one response to train-of-four stimulation (T1) were recorded. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the groups in intubation conditions or onset time (50-60 seconds median, 30-30 interquartile range [IQR]). Duration of action was significantly longer in the CBW group (60 minutes median, 12 IQR) than the LBW group (35 minutes median, 16 IQR; p less than 0.01). CONCLUSION In obese patients, dosing of 1.2 mg/kg rocuronium based on LBW provides excellent or good tracheal intubating conditions within 60 seconds after administration and does not lead to prolonged duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Sakızcı-Uyar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tatvan State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey. E-mail.
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40
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Gandhi PK, Revicki DA, Huang IC. Adolescent body weight and health-related quality of life rated by adolescents and parents: the issue of measurement bias. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1192. [PMID: 26619909 PMCID: PMC4663736 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is sparse about whether body weight categories in adolescents are associated with differences in pediatric HRQoL rated by adolescents and parents. Additionally, it is unknown whether HRQoL rated by individuals with different body mass index (BMI) weight categories is psychometrically comparable. This study aimed to assess whether difference in pediatric HRQoL rated by adolescents and their parents was explained by BMI weight status, and to test measurement properties of HRQoL items related to weight categories using differential item functioning (DIF) methodology. DIF refers to the situation when the individuals across subgroups rate an item differently (e.g., item score three by one subgroup and four by another) given the same underlying construct. Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing a sample of parents (n = 323) and their adolescents aged 15–18 years old (n = 323) who enrolled in Florida’s Medicaid. Adolescent self-reports and parent proxy-reports of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was adopted to measure pediatric HRQoL. We classified body weight categories as normal weight, overweight, and obesity. A Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause (MIMIC) method was used to assess DIF associated with BMI weight status, especially testing the disparity in the parameters of different weight categories (reference: lower weight category) associated with a response to a HRQoL item conditioning on the same underlying HRQoL. DIF analyses were conducted by adolescent self-reports and parent proxy-reports. Results Parents reported lower pediatric HRQoL across all domains than adolescents did. Excess body weight (combined overweight and obese) was significantly associated with a greater discrepancy in the rating of emotional and total functioning between adolescents and parents (p < 0.05). DIF associated with BMI weight categories was identified by two items in adolescent self-reports and five items in parent proxy-reports. Conclusions Adolescents’ BMI weight categories significantly contribute to a difference in the rating of pediatric HRQoL by adolescents and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav K Gandhi
- School of Pharmacy, South College, 400 Goodys Ln, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA.
| | - Dennis A Revicki
- Outcomes Research, Evidera, 7101 Wisconsin Ave., Suite 1400, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - I-Chan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Camps SGJA, Verhoef SPM, Roumans N, Bouwman FG, Mariman ECM, Westerterp KR. Weight loss-induced changes in adipose tissue proteins associated with fatty acid and glucose metabolism correlate with adaptations in energy expenditure. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:37. [PMID: 26500687 PMCID: PMC4619469 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy restriction causes adaptations in energy expenditure (total-,TEE; resting-,REE; activity induced-,AEE). Objective To determine if changes in the levels of proteins involved in adipocyte glucose and fatty acid metabolism as indicators for energy deficiency are related to adaptations in energy expenditure during weight loss. Methods Forty-eight healthy subjects (18 men, 30 women), mean ± SD age 42 ± 8 y and BMI 31.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2, followed a very low energy diet for 8 wk. Protein levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (AldoC) and short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHsc) (adipose tissue biopsy, western blot), TEE (doubly labeled water), REE (ventilated hood), and AEE were assessed before and after the 8-wk diet. Results There was a positive correlation between the decrease in AldoC and the decrease in TEE (R = 0.438, P < 0.01) and the decrease change in AEE (R = 0.439, P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the increases in HADHsc and the decrease in REE (R = 0.343, P < 0.05). Conclusion The decrease in AldoC correlated with the decrease in AEE, which may be explained by a decreased glycolytic flux. Additionally, the change in HADHsc, a crucial enzyme for a step in beta-oxidation, correlated with the adaptation in REE. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01015508 at clinicaltrials.gov
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G J A Camps
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne P M Verhoef
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Dagan N, Beskin D, Brezis M, Reis BY. Effects of Social Network Exposure on Nutritional Learning: Development of an Online Educational Platform. JMIR Serious Games 2015; 3:e7. [PMID: 26441466 PMCID: PMC4704885 DOI: 10.2196/games.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook have the potential to enhance online public health interventions, in part, as they provide social exposure and reinforcement. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate whether social exposure provided by SNSs enhances the effects of online public health interventions. Methods As a sample intervention, we developed Food Hero, an online platform for nutritional education in which players feed a virtual character according to their own nutritional needs and complete a set of virtual sport challenges. The platform was developed in 2 versions: a "private version" in which a user can see only his or her own score, and a "social version" in which a user can see other players’ scores, including preexisting Facebook friends. We assessed changes in participants’ nutritional knowledge using 4 quiz scores and 3 menu-assembly scores. Monitoring feeding and exercising attempts assessed engagement with the platform. Results The 2 versions of the platform were randomly assigned between a study group (30 members receiving the social version) and a control group (33 members, private version). The study group's performance on the quizzes gradually increased over time, relative to that of the control group, becoming significantly higher by the fourth quiz (P=.02). Furthermore, the study group's menu-assembly scores improved over time compared to the first score, whereas the control group's performance deteriorated. Study group members spent an average of 3:40 minutes assembling each menu compared to 2:50 minutes in the control group, and performed an average of 1.58 daily sport challenges, compared to 1.21 in the control group (P=.03). Conclusions This work focused on isolating the SNSs' social effects in order to help guide future online interventions. Our results indicate that the social exposure provided by SNSs is associated with increased engagement and learning in an online nutritional educational platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Dagan
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Barriuso L, Miqueleiz E, Albaladejo R, Villanueva R, Santos JM, Regidor E. Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990-2013. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 26391227 PMCID: PMC4578240 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a major problem in rich countries due to its high prevalence and its harmful health consequences. An exploratory analysis conducted in the PubMed database highlighted that the number of papers published on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and childhood-adolescent weight status had risen substantially with respect to an earlier review which had covered the period 1990–2005. Methods To describe the findings on the relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in papers published in rich countries from 1990 through 2013, studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Knowledge (WOK); PsycINFO; Global Health; and Embase. We included observational studies from the 27 richest OECD countries, which covered study populations aged 0 to 21 years, and used parental education, income and/or occupation as family SEP indicators. A total of 158 papers met the inclusion criteria and reported 134 bivariable and 90 multivariable analyses. Results Examination of the results yielded by the bivariable analyses showed that 60.4 % of studies found an inverse relationship, 18.7 % of studies did not found relationship, and 20.9 % of studies found a relationship that varied depending on another variable, such as age, sex or ethnic group; the corresponding percentages in the multivariable analyses were 51.1, 20.0 and 27.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, 1.1 % found a positive relationship. Conclusion The relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries is predominantly inverse and the positive relationship almost has disappeared. The SEP indicator that yields the highest proportion of inverse relationships is parents’ education. The proportion of inverse relationships is higher when the weight status is reported by parents instead using objective measurements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barriuso
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Estrella Miqueleiz
- Department of Sociology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Romana Albaladejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Villanueva
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana M Santos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Shahid R, Bertazzon S. Local Spatial Analysis and Dynamic Simulation of Childhood Obesity and Neighbourhood Walkability in a Major Canadian City. AIMS Public Health 2015; 2:616-637. [PMID: 29546127 PMCID: PMC5690431 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.4.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Body weight is an important indicator of current and future health and it is even more critical in children, who are tomorrow's adults. This paper analyzes the relationship between childhood obesity and neighbourhood walkability in Calgary, Canada. A multivariate analytical framework recognizes that childhood obesity is also associated with many factors, including socioeconomic status, foodscapes, and environmental factors, as well as less measurable factors, such as individual preferences, that could not be included in this analysis. In contrast with more conventional global analysis, this research employs localized analysis and assesses need-based interventions. The one-size-fit-all strategy may not effectively control obesity rates, since each neighbourhood has unique characteristics that need to be addressed individually. This paper presents an innovative framework combining local analysis with simulation modeling to analyze childhood obesity. Spatial models generally do not deal with simulation over time, making it cumbersome for health planners and policy makers to effectively design and implement interventions and to quantify their impact over time. This research fills this gap by integrating geographically weighted regression (GWR), which identifies vulnerable neighbourhoods and critical factors for childhood obesity, with simulation modeling, which evaluates the impact of the suggested interventions on the targeted neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood walkability was chosen as a potential target for localized interventions, owing to the crucial role of walking in developing a healthy lifestyle, as well as because increasing walkability is relatively more feasible and less expensive then modifying other factors, such as income. Simulation results suggest that local walkability interventions can achieve measurable declines in childhood obesity rates. The results are encouraging, as improvements are likely to compound over time. The results demonstrate that the integration of GWR and simulation modeling is effective, and the proposed framework can assist in designing local interventions to control and prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Shahid
- Health Services Research & Evaluation, Alberta Health Services, 2430 Southport Atrium, 10101 Southport Road SW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2W 3N2
| | - Stefania Bertazzon
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
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45
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common liver disease worldwide with a high rate of chronicity (75–80%) in infected individuals. The chronic form of HCV leads to steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellualr carcinoma. Steatosis is prevalent in HCV patients (55%) due to a combination of viral factors (effect of viral proteins on some of the intracellular pathways) and host factors (overweight, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol consumption). The response rates to treatment of chronic HCV with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and (in the case of genotype-1 HCV, the most common infecting genotype in the USA) ribavirin (RBV) is low, with a sustained viral response rate ≤ 40%. Adding direct-acting antiviral agents—recently approved by the FDA—to the standard protocol has increased the response rate; however HCV-related end-stage liver disease is still the primary indication for liver transplantation in the USA. The focus of this article is on the interrelation between HCV, steatosis and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamak Modaresi Esfeh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kianoush Ansari-Gilani
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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46
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Frank DN, Bales ES, Monks J, Jackman MJ, MacLean PS, Ir D, Robertson CE, Orlicky DJ, McManaman JL. Perilipin-2 Modulates Lipid Absorption and Microbiome Responses in the Mouse Intestine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131944. [PMID: 26147095 PMCID: PMC4493139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its co-morbidities, such as fatty liver disease, are increasingly prevalent worldwide health problems. Intestinal microorganisms have emerged as critical factors linking diet to host physiology and metabolic function, particularly in the context of lipid homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that deletion of the cytoplasmic lipid drop (CLD) protein Perilipin-2 (Plin2) in mice largely abrogates long-term deleterious effects of a high fat (HF) diet. Here we test the hypotheses that Plin2 function impacts the earliest steps of HF diet-mediated pathogenesis as well as the dynamics of diet-associated changes in gut microbiome diversity and function. WT and perilipin-2 null mice raised on a standard chow diet were randomized to either low fat (LF) or HF diets. After four days, animals were assessed for changes in physiological (body weight, energy balance, and fecal triglyceride levels), histochemical (enterocyte CLD content), and fecal microbiome parameters. Plin2-null mice had significantly lower respiratory exchange ratios, diminished frequencies of enterocyte CLDs, and increased fecal triglyceride levels compared with WT mice. Microbiome analyses, employing both 16S rRNA profiling and metagenomic deep sequencing, indicated that dietary fat content and Plin2 genotype were significantly and independently associated with gut microbiome composition, diversity, and functional differences. These data demonstrate that Plin2 modulates rapid effects of diet on fecal lipid levels, enterocyte CLD contents, and fuel utilization properties of mice that correlate with structural and functional differences in their gut microbial communities. Collectively, the data provide evidence of Plin2 regulated intestinal lipid uptake, which contributes to rapid changes in the gut microbial communities implicated in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Microbiome Research Consortium, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elise S. Bales
- Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jenifer Monks
- Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Microbiome Research Consortium, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James L. McManaman
- Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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47
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Na YK, Hong HS, Lee WK, Kim YH, Kim DS. Increased methylation of interleukin 6 gene is associated with obesity in Korean women. Mol Cells 2015; 38:452-6. [PMID: 25921605 PMCID: PMC4443287 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the fifth leading risk for death globally, and a significant challenge to global health. It is a common, complex, non-malignant disease and develops due to interactions between the genes and the environment. DNA methylation can act as a downstream effector of environmental signals; analysis of this process therefore holds substantial promise for identifying mechanisms through which genetic and environmental factors jointly contribute to disease risk. To assess the effects of excessive weight and obesity on gene-specific methylation levels of promoter regions, we determined the methylation status of four genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress [interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and glucose transport 4 (GLUT4)] in blood cell-derived DNA from healthy women volunteers with a range of body mass indices (BMIs) by methylation-specific PCR. Interestingly, the samples from obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) showed significantly increased hypermethylation for IL6 gene compared to normal weight (BMI < 23 kg/m(2)) and overweight samples (23 kg/m(2) ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m(2)) (P = 0.034 and P = 0.026). However, there was no statistically significant difference in promoter methylation of the other 3 genes between each group. These findings suggest that aberrant DNA methylation of IL6 gene promoter may play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity and IL6 methylation could be used as molecular biomarker for obesity risk assessment. Further studies are required to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyung Na
- College of Nursing, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
| | - Hae Sook Hong
- College of Nursing, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422,
Korea
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Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of the cumin cyminum L. Intake on Weight Loss, Metabolic Profiles and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66:117-124. [DOI: 10.1159/000373896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The current study was performed to determine the effects of cumin cyminum L. intake on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight subjects. Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 78 overweight subjects (male, n = 18; female, n = 60) aged 18-60 years old. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups to receive: (1) cumin cyminum L. capsule (n = 26); (2) orlistat120 capsule (n = 26) and (3) placebo (n = 26) three times a day for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measures and fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Results: Consumption of the Cuminum cyminum L. and orlistat120 resulted in a similar significant decrease in weight (-1.1 ± 1.2 and -0.9 ± 1.5 vs. 0.2 ± 1.5 kg, respectively, p = 0.002) and BMI (-0.4 ± 0.5 and -0.4 ± 0.6 vs. 0.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2, respectively, p = 0.003) compared with placebo. In addition, taking Cuminum cyminum L., compared with orlistat and placebo, led to a significant reduction in serum insulin levels (-1.4 ± 4.5 vs. 1.3 ± 3.3 and 0.3 ± 2.2 µIU/ml, respectively, p = 0.02), HOMA-B (-5.4 ± 18.9 vs. 5.8 ± 13.3 and 1.0 ± 11.0, respectively, p = 0.02) and a significant rise in QUICKI (0.01 ± 0.01 vs. -0.005 ± 0.01 and -0.004 ± 0.01, respectively, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Taking cumin cyminum L. for eight weeks among overweight subjects had the same effects of orlistat120 on weight and BMI and beneficial effects on insulin metabolism compared with orlistat120 and placebo.
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MacLean PS, Higgins JA, Giles ED, Sherk VD, Jackman MR. The role for adipose tissue in weight regain after weight loss. Obes Rev 2015; 16 Suppl 1:45-54. [PMID: 25614203 PMCID: PMC4371661 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Weight regain after weight loss is a substantial challenge in obesity therapeutics. Dieting leads to significant adaptations in the homeostatic system that controls body weight, which promotes overeating and the relapse to obesity. In this review, we focus specifically on the adaptations in white adipose tissues that contribute to the biological drive to regain weight after weight loss. Weight loss leads to a reduction in size of adipocytes and this decline in size alters their metabolic and inflammatory characteristics in a manner that facilitates the clearance and storage of ingested energy. We present the hypothesis whereby the long-term signals reflecting stored energy and short-term signals reflecting nutrient availability are derived from the cellularity characteristics of adipose tissues. These signals are received and integrated in the hypothalamus and hindbrain and an energy gap between appetite and metabolic requirements emerges and promotes a positive energy imbalance and weight regain. In this paradigm, the cellularity and metabolic characteristics of adipose tissues after energy-restricted weight loss could explain the persistence of a biological drive to regain weight during both weight maintenance and the dynamic period of weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado USA
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50
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Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern. Given its lasting efficacy for improving obesity and obesity-related diseases, bariatric surgery is an increasingly common treatment option. As the implementation of the Affordable Care Act progresses, the impending physician shortage will become more severe. Thus there will be an even greater need for doctors specialized in the management and treatment of obese patients. The development of integrated bariatric surgery residency programs could be considered and is discussed herein.
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