1
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Cai Y, Diallo S, Rosenthal K, Ren K, Flores DJ, Dippel A, Oganesyan V, van Dyk N, Chen X, Cantu E, Choudhary R, Sulikowski M, Adissu H, Chawla B, Kar S, Liu C, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Mongkolsapaya J, Rajan S, Loo YM, Beavon R, Webber C, Chang LJ, Thomas S, Clegg L, Zhang H, Screaton GR, Philbin N, Harre M, Selim A, Martinez-Alier N, Uriel A, Cohen TS, Perez JL, Esser MT, Blair W, Francica JR. AZD3152 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 historical and contemporary variants and is protective in hamsters and well tolerated in adults. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eado2817. [PMID: 38924429 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ado2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in variants that can escape neutralization by therapeutic antibodies. Here, we describe AZD3152, a SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibody designed to provide improved potency and coverage against emerging variants. AZD3152 binds to the back left shoulder of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain and prevents interaction with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. AZD3152 potently neutralized a broad panel of pseudovirus variants, including the currently dominant Omicron variant JN.1 but has reduced potency against XBB subvariants containing F456L. In vitro studies confirmed F456L resistance and additionally identified T415I and K458E as escape mutations. In a Syrian hamster challenge model, prophylactic administration of AZD3152 protected hamsters from weight loss and inflammation-related lung pathologies and reduced lung viral load. In the phase 1 sentinel safety cohort of the ongoing SUPERNOVA study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05648110), a single 600-mg intramuscular injection of AZD5156 (containing 300 mg each of AZD3152 and cilgavimab) was well tolerated in adults through day 91. Observed serum concentrations of AZD3152 through day 91 were similar to those observed with cilgavimab and consistent with predictions for AZD7442, a SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody combination of cilgavimab and tixagevimab, in a population pharmacokinetic model. On the basis of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, AZD3152 is predicted to provide durable protection against symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 caused by susceptible SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as JN.1, in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- Humans
- COVID-19/virology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Mesocricetus
- Female
- Male
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Mutation/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Viral Load/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Cai
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Seme Diallo
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kuishu Ren
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Daniel J Flores
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Andrew Dippel
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Vaheh Oganesyan
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Nydia van Dyk
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Erin Cantu
- Imaging and Data Analytics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Rakesh Choudhary
- Imaging and Data Analytics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Hibret Adissu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | - Chang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Saravanan Rajan
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Rohini Beavon
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Chris Webber
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Lee-Jah Chang
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Steven Thomas
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Lindsay Clegg
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nora Philbin
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Mark Harre
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Abdulhafez Selim
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Nuria Martinez-Alier
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK
| | - Alison Uriel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, North Manchester General Hospital (Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust), Manchester M8 5RB, UK
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - John L Perez
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Wade Blair
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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2
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Peter AS, Hoffmann DS, Klier J, Lange CM, Moeller J, Most V, Wüst CK, Beining M, Gülesen S, Junker H, Brumme B, Schiffner T, Meiler J, Schoeder CT. Strategies of rational and structure-driven vaccine design for Arenaviruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105626. [PMID: 38908736 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the importance of pandemic preparedness for the prevention of future health crises. One virus family with high pandemic potential are Arenaviruses, which have been detected almost worldwide, particularly in Africa and the Americas. These viruses are highly understudied and many questions regarding their structure, replication and tropism remain unanswered, making the design of an efficacious and molecularly-defined vaccine challenging. We propose that structure-driven computational vaccine design will contribute to overcome these challenges. Computational methods for stabilization of viral glycoproteins or epitope focusing have made progress during the last decades and particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have proven useful for rational vaccine design and the establishment of novel diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize gaps in our understanding of Arenavirus molecular biology, highlight challenges in vaccine design and discuss how structure-driven and computationally informed strategies will aid in overcoming these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Sophia Peter
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter S Hoffmann
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Klier
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina M Lange
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Moeller
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence ScaDS.AI, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Most
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina K Wüst
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Molecular Medicine Studies, Faculty for Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Beining
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; SECAI, School of Embedded Composite Artificial Intelligence, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sevilay Gülesen
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Junker
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birke Brumme
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; The Scripps Research Institute, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence ScaDS.AI, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence ScaDS.AI, Dresden/Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Li X, Mi Z, Liu Z, Rong P. SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis, therapeutics, variants, and vaccines. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334152. [PMID: 38939189 PMCID: PMC11208693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 with staggering economic fallout and human suffering. The unique structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying pathogenic mechanism were responsible for the global pandemic. In addition to the direct damage caused by the virus, SARS-CoV-2 triggers an abnormal immune response leading to a cytokine storm, culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome and other fatal diseases that pose a significant challenge to clinicians. Therefore, potential treatments should focus not only on eliminating the virus but also on alleviating or controlling acute immune/inflammatory responses. Current management strategies for COVID-19 include preventative measures and supportive care, while the role of the host immune/inflammatory response in disease progression has largely been overlooked. Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and its receptors, as well as the underlying pathogenesis, has proven to be helpful for disease prevention, early recognition of disease progression, vaccine development, and interventions aimed at reducing immunopathology have been shown to reduce adverse clinical outcomes and improve prognosis. Moreover, several key mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence result in an enhanced binding affinity to the host cell receptor, or produce immune escape, leading to either increased virus transmissibility or virulence of variants that carry these mutations. This review characterizes the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and their interaction with the immune system, emphasizing the role of dysfunctional immune responses and cytokine storm in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic options are reviewed, providing critical insights into disease management, exploring effective approaches to deal with the public health crises caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Pierre CN, Adams LE, Higgins JS, Anasti K, Goodman D, Mielke D, Stanfield-Oakley S, Powers JM, Li D, Rountree W, Wang Y, Edwards RJ, Alam SM, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF, Baric RS, Saunders KO. Non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain antibodies protect mice against severe disease using Fc-mediated effector functions. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011569. [PMID: 38900807 PMCID: PMC11218955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies perform both neutralizing and non-neutralizing effector functions that protect against certain pathogen-induced diseases. A human antibody directed at the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-terminal domain (NTD), DH1052, was recently shown to be non-neutralizing, yet it protected mice and cynomolgus macaques from severe disease. The mechanisms of NTD non-neutralizing antibody-mediated protection are unknown. Here we show that Fc effector functions mediate NTD non-neutralizing antibody (non-nAb) protection against SARS-CoV-2 MA10 viral challenge in mice. Though non-nAb prophylactic infusion did not suppress infectious viral titers in the lung as potently as neutralizing antibody (nAb) infusion, disease markers including gross lung discoloration were similar in nAb and non-nAb groups. Fc functional knockout substitutions abolished non-nAb protection and increased viral titers in the nAb group. Fc enhancement increased non-nAb protection relative to WT, supporting a positive association between Fc functionality and degree of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. For therapeutic administration of antibodies, non-nAb effector functions contributed to virus suppression and lessening of lung discoloration, but the presence of neutralization was required for optimal protection from disease. This study demonstrates that non-nAbs can utilize Fc-mediated mechanisms to lower viral load and prevent lung damage due to coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille N. Pierre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lily E. Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn S. Higgins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John M. Powers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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5
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Raj ST, Bruce AW, Anbalagan M, Srinivasan H, Chinnappan S, Rajagopal M, Khanna K, Chandramoorthy HC, Mani RR. COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1384939. [PMID: 38863829 PMCID: PMC11165100 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It caused over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as acute respiratory distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. The viral invasion proceeds through the ACE2 receptor, expressed in multiple cell types, and in some patients caused serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, and the microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some patients who survived the SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis of these patients has revealed multiple biological effects, none of which are mutually exclusive. However, the severity of COVID-19 also depends on numerous comorbidities such as obesity, age, diabetes, and hypertension and care must be taken with respect to other multiple morbidities, such as host immunity. Gut microbiota in relation to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology is considered to evolve COVID-19 progression via mechanisms of biochemical metabolism, exacerbation of inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, and immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiome equilibrium through food supplements and probiotics remains a hot topic of current research and debate. In this review, we discuss the biological complications of the physio-pathological effects of COVID-19 infection, GIT immune response, and therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We also summarize the therapeutic targets of probiotics, their limitations, and the efficacy of preclinical and clinical drugs to effectively inhibit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterlin T. Raj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ekka Diagnostics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alexander W. Bruce
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Sasikala Chinnappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University College of Sedaya International UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University College of Sedaya International UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Harish C. Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravishankar Ram Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University College of Sedaya International UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Severa M, Etna MP, Andreano E, Ricci D, Cairo G, Fiore S, Canitano A, Cara A, Stefanelli P, Rappuoli R, Palamara AT, Coccia EM. Functional diversification of innate and inflammatory immune responses mediated by antibody fragment crystallizable activities against SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2024; 27:109703. [PMID: 38706870 PMCID: PMC11068556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein have been exploited for the treatment of severe COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the immune-regulatory features of two neutralizing anti-S mAbs (nAbs), named J08 and F05, with wild-type (WT) conformation or silenced Fc functions. In the presence of D614G SARS-CoV-2, WT nAbs enhance intracellular viral uptake in immune cells and amplify antiviral type I Interferon and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production without viral replication, promoting the differentiation of CD16+ inflammatory monocytes and innate/adaptive PD-L1+ and PD-L1+CD80+ plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. In spite of a reduced neutralizing property, WT J08 nAb still promotes the IL-6 production and differentiation of CD16+ monocytes once binding Omicron BA.1 variant. Fc-mediated regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses, in the absence of viral replication, highlighted in this study, might positively tune immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and be exploited also in mAb-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Paola Etna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Cairo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Canitano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Biotecnopolo di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana Marina Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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7
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Shohan M, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Iranparast S, Nashibi R, Abolnezhadian F, Yousefi F, Alavi SM, Cheraghian B, Khodadadi A. The Effects of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion on Serum Levels of Macrophage-Associated Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Severe COVID-19. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024. [PMID: 38738802 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As an antibody-based therapy, plasma therapy has been used as an emergency therapeutic strategy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection. Due to the critical role of macrophages in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-associated hyperinflammation, the main objective of this study was to assess the effect of plasma transfusion on the expression levels of the inflammatory biomarkers involved in activation and pulmonary infiltration of macrophages. The target population included 50 severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were randomly assigned into 2 groups, including intervention and control. Serum levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to assess the relative expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB1, NF-κB2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF-2), and thioredoxin-interacting protein genes. Sampling was done at baseline and 72 h after receiving plasma. The intervention group demonstrated significantly lower serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL-3. In addition, real-time PCR data analyses showed that the relative expression of NF-κB2 was significantly declined in the patients who received plasma. The use of convalescent plasma probably has a significant inhibitory effect on the cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory genes related to macrophage activation, which are closely associated with the worsening of clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shohan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sara Iranparast
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roohangiz Nashibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar children's hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farid Yousefi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Alavi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cancer, Petroleum, and Environmental pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Gao R, Feng C, Sheng Z, Li F, Wang D. Research progress in Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29638. [PMID: 38682662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused more than 676 million cases in the global human population with approximately 7 million deaths and vaccination has been proved as the most effective countermeasure in reducing clinical complications and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people. However, the protective elements and correlation of protection induced by vaccination are still not completely understood. Various antibodies with multiple protective mechanisms can be induced simultaneously by vaccination in vivo, thereby complicating the identification and characterization of individual correlate of protection. Recently, an increasing body of observations suggests that antibody-induced Fc-effector functions play a crucial role in combating SARS-CoV-2 infections, including neutralizing antibodies-escaping variants. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the impact of Fc-effector functions in broadly disarming SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and discuss various efforts in harnessing this conserved antibody function to develop an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that can protect humans against infections by SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Gao
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Mind Brian Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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9
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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10
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Wang J, Shi B, Chen H, Yu M, Wang P, Qian Z, Hu K, Wang J. Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Efficiently Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BA.1, BA.4/5, XBB.1 and BQ.1.1. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:417. [PMID: 38675799 PMCID: PMC11054741 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Most available neutralizing antibodies are ineffective against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Therefore, it is crucial to develop potent and broad-spectrum alternatives to effectively manage Omicron subvariants. Here, we constructed a high-diversity nanobody phage display library and identified nine nanobodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). Five of them exhibited cross-neutralization activity against the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain and the Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5, and one nanobody demonstrated marked efficacy even against the Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. To enhance the therapeutic potential, we engineered a panel of multivalent nanobodies with increased neutralizing potency and breadth. The most potent multivalent nanobody, B13-B13-B13, cross-neutralized all tested pseudoviruses, with a geometric mean of the 50% inhibitory concentration (GM IC50) value of 20.83 ng/mL. An analysis of the mechanism underlying the enhancement of neutralization breadth by representative multivalent nanobodies demonstrated that the strategic engineering approach of combining two or three nanobodies into a multivalent molecule could improve the affinity between a single nanobody and spike, and could enhance tolerance toward escape mutations such as R346T and N460K. Our engineered multivalent nanobodies may be promising drug candidates for treating and preventing infection with Omicron subvariants and even future variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bingjie Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaohui Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Keping Hu
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Andes Antibody Technology Hengshui LL Company, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518118, China
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11
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Hamdorf M, Imhof T, Bailey-Elkin B, Betz J, Theobald SJ, Simonis A, Di Cristanziano V, Gieselmann L, Dewald F, Lehmann C, Augustin M, Klein F, Alejandre Alcazar MA, Rongisch R, Fabri M, Rybniker J, Goebel H, Stetefeld J, Brachvogel B, Cursiefen C, Koch M, Bock F. The unique ORF8 protein from SARS-CoV-2 binds to human dendritic cells and induces a hyper-inflammatory cytokine storm. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad062. [PMID: 37891014 PMCID: PMC11181941 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic, first reported in December 2019, was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a strong immune response and activation of antigen-presenting cells, which can elicit acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) characterized by the rapid onset of widespread inflammation, the so-called cytokine storm. In response to viral infections, monocytes are recruited into the lung and subsequently differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are critical players in the development of acute lung inflammation that causes ARDS. Here, we focus on the interaction of a specific SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame protein, ORF8, with DCs. We show that ORF8 binds to DCs, causes pre-maturation of differentiating DCs, and induces the secretion of multiple proinflammatory cytokines by these cells. In addition, we identified DC-SIGN as a possible interaction partner of ORF8 on DCs. Blockade of ORF8 leads to reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α, MCP-1 (also named CCL2), and IL-10 by DCs. Therefore, a neutralizing antibody blocking the ORF8-mediated cytokine and chemokine response could be an improved therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hamdorf
- Cornea Lab Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Dentistry and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ben Bailey-Elkin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3B 2E9 Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janina Betz
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Dentistry and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Simonis
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz Gieselmann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Dewald
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Augustin
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Centre, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Robert Rongisch
- Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Fabri
- Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Goebel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3B 2E9 Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Cornea Lab Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Dentistry and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Cornea Lab Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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12
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Mader K, Dustin LB. Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38651408 PMCID: PMC11036282 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs). More recently, a focus on non-neutralising antibodies (nNAbs), or neutralisation-independent effects of NAbs, has emerged. These can have additive effects on protection or, in some cases, be a major correlate of protection. As their name suggests, nNAbs do not directly neutralise infection but instead, through their Fc domains, may mediate interaction with other immune effectors to induce clearance of viral particles or virally infected cells. nNAbs may also interrupt viral replication within infected cells. Developing technologies of antibody modification and functionalisation may lead to innovative biologics that harness the activities of nNAbs for antiviral prophylaxis and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss specific examples of nNAb actions in viral infections where they have known importance. We also discuss the potential detrimental effects of such responses. Finally, we explore new technologies for nNAb functionalisation to increase efficacy or introduce favourable characteristics for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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13
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Trabelsi K, Ben Khalaf N, Ramadan AR, Elsharkawy A, Ashoor D, Chlif S, Boussoffara T, Ben-Ahmed M, Kumar M, Fathallah MD. A novel approach to designing viral precision vaccines applied to SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346349. [PMID: 38628551 PMCID: PMC11018900 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient precision vaccines against several highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses are currently lacking. Proteolytic activation is instrumental for a number of these viruses to gain host-cell entry and develop infectivity. For SARS-CoV-2, this process is enhanced by the insertion of a furin cleavage site at the junction of the spike protein S1/S2 subunits upstream of the metalloprotease TMPRSS2 common proteolytic site. Here, we describe a new approach based on specific epitopes selection from the region involved in proteolytic activation and infectivity for the engineering of precision candidate vaccinating antigens. This approach was developed through its application to the design of SARS-CoV-2 cross-variant candidates vaccinating antigens. It includes an in silico structural analysis of the viral region involved in infectivity, the identification of conserved immunogenic epitopes and the selection of those eliciting specific immune responses in infected people. The following step consists of engineering vaccinating antigens that carry the selected epitopes and mimic their 3D native structure. Using this approach, we demonstrated through a Covid-19 patient-centered study of a 500 patients' cohort, that the epitopes selected from SARS-CoV-2 protein S1/S2 junction elicited a neutralizing antibody response significantly associated with mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 (p<0.001), which strongly suggests protective immunity. Engineered antigens containing the SARS-CoV-2 selected epitopes and mimicking the native epitopes 3D structure generated neutralizing antibody response in mice. Our data show the potential of this combined computational and experimental approach for designing precision vaccines against viruses whose pathogenicity is contingent upon proteolytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Noureddin Ben Khalaf
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed R. Ramadan
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amany Elsharkawy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dana Ashoor
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sadok Chlif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Thouraya Boussoffara
- Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben-Ahmed
- Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - M-Dahmani Fathallah
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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14
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Tam EH, Peng Y, Cheah MXY, Yan C, Xiao T. Neutralizing antibodies to block viral entry and for identification of entry inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2024; 224:105834. [PMID: 38369246 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are naturally produced by our immune system to combat viral infections. Clinically, neutralizing antibodies with potent efficacy and high specificity have been extensively used to prevent and treat a wide variety of viral infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Dengue Virus (DENV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). An overwhelmingly large subset of clinically effective NAbs operates by targeting viral envelope proteins to inhibit viral entry into the host cell. Binding of viral envelope protein to the host receptor is a critical rate limiting step triggering a cascade of downstream events, including endocytosis, membrane fusion and pore formation to allow viral entry. In recent years, improved structural knowledge on these processes have allowed researchers to also leverage NAbs as an indispensable tool in guiding discovery of novel antiviral entry inhibitors, providing drug candidates with high efficacy and pan-genus specificity. This review will summarize the latest progresses on the applications of NAbs as effective entry inhibitors and as important tools to develop antiviral therapeutics by high-throughput drug screenings, rational design of peptidic entry inhibitor mimicking NAbs and in silico computational modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Hong Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637551, Singapore; Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University 636921, Singapore
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637551, Singapore; Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University 636921, Singapore
| | - Megan Xin Yan Cheah
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency of Science, Technology and Research) 138673, Singapore
| | - Chuan Yan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency of Science, Technology and Research) 138673, Singapore
| | - Tianshu Xiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637551, Singapore; Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University 636921, Singapore.
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15
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Ebrahimi F, Jahani Maleki A, Siahmansouri A. EG.5 (Eris) and BA.2.86 (Pirola) two new subvariants of SARS-CoV-2: a new face of old COVID-19. Infection 2024; 52:337-343. [PMID: 38170417 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization announced the end of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) global health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the reports from different countries indicate an elevation in the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths through the last months. The subvariant XBB.1.5 (Kraken) was the cause of 49.1% of COVID-19 cases by the end of January 2023. Although, the subvariant EG.5 (Eris) has surpassed the XBB.1.5 recently. EG.5 is a close subvariant descending from XBB.1.9.2 subvariant of Omicron. EG.5.1 is a sublineage carrying two crucial spike mutations F456L and Q52H. Up to now, it is not well-established whether its infectivity, severity, and immune evasion have shown any change or not. Also, BA.2.86 another subvariant of Omicron descending from BA.2 bears over 30 mutations which could affect its infectivity and transmissibility. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google were searched with six keywords up to 20 November 2023 and highly reliable research and reports were selected to refer to in this article. PURPOSE This brief review aims to overview the most reliable data about EG.5 and BA.2.86 based on scientific evidence. CONCLUSION Based on the currently available data these two new subvariants have similar features with currently circulating variants of Omicron and are less immune evasive than ancestral SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Corona Molecular Diagnosis Reference Laboratory, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Armin Jahani Maleki
- Infectious Disease Department, Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Siahmansouri
- Infectious Disease Department, Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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16
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Guo Y, Song W, Dong Y, Wang X, Nie G, Li F. A Poly Aptamer Encoded DNA Nanocatcher Informs Efficient Virus Trapping. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3614-3623. [PMID: 38497742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antiviral platforms are always desired but still lack the ability to cope with the threats to global public health. Herein, we develop a poly aptamer encoded DNA nanocatcher platform that can trap entire virus particles to inhibit infection with a broad antiviral spectrum. Ultralong single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) containing repeated aptamers was synthesized as the scaffold of a nanocatcher via a biocatalytic process, wherein mineralization of magnesium pyrophosphate on the ssDNA could occur and consequently lead to the formation of nanocatcher with interfacial nanocaves decorated with virus-binding aptamers. Once the viruses were recognized by the apatmers, they would be captured and trapped in the nanocaves via multisite synergistic interactions. Meanwhile, the size of nanocatchers was optimized to prevent their cellular uptake, which further guaranteed inhibition of virus infection. By taking SARS-CoV-2 variants as a model target, we demonstrated the broad virus-trapping capability of a DNA nanocatcher in engulfing the variants and blocking the infection to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Taiping Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Dagan R, Hammitt LL, Seoane Nuñez B, Baca Cots M, Bosheva M, Madhi SA, Muller WJ, Zar HJ, Chang Y, Currie A, Grenham A, Shroff M, Takas T, Mankad VS, Leach A, Villafana T. Infants Receiving a Single Dose of Nirsevimab to Prevent RSV Do Not Have Evidence of Enhanced Disease in Their Second RSV Season. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:144-147. [PMID: 38219024 PMCID: PMC10896255 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
To characterize nirsevimab in the prevention of RSV, children from the Phase 3 MELODY trial were followed through their second RSV season. No increase in medically attended RSV lower respiratory tract infections or evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or disease severity was found for nirsevimab vs placebo recipients. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03979313, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03979313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Dagan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Laura L Hammitt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Beatriz Seoane Nuñez
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miroslava Bosheva
- Paediatrics, University Multiprofile, Hospital for Active Treatment, St. George Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William J Muller
- Infectious Diseases, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, and the Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yue Chang
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Currie
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Grenham
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Manish Shroff
- Patient Safety, Chief Medical Office, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Therese Takas
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Vaishali S Mankad
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda Leach
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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18
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Finzi A. Deciphering Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00005-2. [PMID: 38365562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Major efforts were deployed to study the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 have been extensively studied in the context of infections, vaccinations, and breakthrough infections. Antibodies, however, are pleiotropic proteins that have many functions in addition to neutralization. These include Fc-effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Although important to combat viral infections, these Fc-effector functions were less studied in the context of SARS-CoV-2 compared with binding and neutralization. This is partly due to the difficulty in developing reliable assays to measure Fc-effector functions compared to antibody binding and neutralization. Multiple assays have now been developed and can be used to measure different Fc-effector functions. Here, we review these assays and what is known regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions. Overall, this review summarizes and updates our current state of knowledge regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.
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19
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Basardeh E, Piri-Gavgani S, Moradi HR, Azizi M, Mirzabeigi P, Nazari F, Ghanei M, Mahboudi F, Rahimi-Jamnani F. Anti-Acinetobacter Baumannii single-chain variable fragments provide therapeutic efficacy in an immunocompromised mouse pneumonia model. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38341536 PMCID: PMC10858608 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii as well as inadequate effective antibiotics calls for an urgent effort to find new antibacterial agents. The therapeutic efficacy of two human scFvs, EB211 and EB279, showing growth inhibitory activity against A. baumannii in vitro, was investigated in immunocompromised mice with A. baumannii pneumonia. RESULTS The data revealed that infected mice treated with EB211, EB279, and a combination of the two scFvs showed better survival, reduced bacterial load in the lungs, and no marked pathological abnormalities in the kidneys, liver, and lungs when compared to the control groups receiving normal saline or an irrelevant scFv. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that the scFvs with direct growth inhibitory activity could offer promising results in the treatment of pneumonia caused by XDR A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilnaz Basardeh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Piri-Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moradi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Mirzabeigi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nazari
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Liu K, Han B. Role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:253-275. [PMID: 37949833 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease that mostly affects young people. Myocarditis involves a complex immune network; however, its detailed pathogenesis is currently unclear. The diversity and plasticity of immune cells, either in the peripheral blood or in the heart, have been partially revealed in a number of previous studies involving patients and several kinds of animal models with myocarditis. It is the complexity of immune cells, rather than one cell type that is the culprit. Thus, recognizing the individual intricacies within immune cells in the context of myocarditis pathogenesis and finding the key intersection of the immune network may help in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. With the vast amount of cell data gained on myocarditis and the recent application of single-cell sequencing, we summarize the multiple functions of currently recognized key immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis to provide an immune background for subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children' s Health and Disease office, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
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21
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de Jong HK, Grobusch MP. Monoclonal antibody applications in travel medicine. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38221606 PMCID: PMC10789029 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, immunoglobulin preparations have been used to prevent or treat infectious diseases. Since only a few years, monoclonal antibody applications (mAbs) are taking flight and are increasingly dominating this field. In 2014, only two mAbs were registered; end of October 2023, more than ten mAbs are registered or have been granted emergency use authorization, and many more are in (pre)clinical phases. Especially the COVID-19 pandemic has generated this surge in licensed monoclonal antibodies, although multiple phase 1 studies were already underway in 2019 for other infectious diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Monoclonal antibodies could function as prophylaxis (i.e., for the prevention of malaria), or could be used to treat (tropical) infections (i.e., rabies, dengue fever, yellow fever). This review focuses on the discussion of the prospects of, and obstacles for, using mAbs in the prevention and treatment of (tropical) infectious diseases seen in the returning traveler; and provides an update on the mAbs currently being developed for infectious diseases, which could potentially be of interest for travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K de Jong
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Tropical Medicine & Deutsches Zentrum Für Infektionsforschung, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales, (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- Masanga Medical Research Unit (MMRU), Masanga, Sierra Leone
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Jiang X, Qin Q, Zhu H, Qian J, Huang Q. Structure-guided design of a trivalent nanobody cluster targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128191. [PMID: 38000614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies are natural anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates. Engineering multivalent nanobodies is an effective way to improve the functional binding affinity of natural nanobodies by simultaneously targeting multiple sites on viral proteins. However, multivalent nanobodies have usually been engineered by trial and error, and rational designs are still lacking. Here, we describe a structure-guided design of a self-assembled trivalent nanobody cluster targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using the nanobody Nb6 as a monovalent binder, we first selected a human-derived trimerization scaffold evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations, then selected an optimal linker according to the minimum distance between Nb6 and the trimerization scaffold, and finally successfully engineered a trivalent nanobody cluster called Tribody. Compared with the low-affinity monovalent counterpart (Nb6), Tribody showed much higher target binding affinity (KD < 1 pM) and thus had a 900-fold increase in antiviral neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. We determined the cryo-EM structure of the Tribody-spike complex and confirmed that all three Nb6 binders of Tribody collectively bind to the three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the spike and lock them in a 3-RBD-down conformation, fully consistent with our structure-guided design. This study demonstrates that synthetic nanobody clusters with human-derived self-assembled scaffolds are potential protein drugs against SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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23
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Gabdoulkhakova AG, Mingaleeva RN, Romozanova AM, Sagdeeva AR, Filina YV, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR. Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:65-83. [PMID: 38467546 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
According to the data from the World Health Organization, about 800 million of the world population had contracted coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 by mid-2023. Properties of this virus have allowed it to circulate in the human population for a long time, evolving defense mechanisms against the host immune system. Severity of the disease depends largely on the degree of activation of the systemic immune response, including overstimulation of macrophages and monocytes, cytokine production, and triggering of adaptive T- and B-cell responses, while SARS-CoV-2 evades the immune system actions. In this review, we discuss immune responses triggered in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into the cell and malfunctions of the immune system that lead to the development of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida G Gabdoulkhakova
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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24
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Zhang Y, Li Y. Clinical Translation of Aptamers for COVID-19. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16568-16578. [PMID: 37880142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2, continues to be one of the leading causes of death on a global scale. Although efficient methods for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 have been developed, new methods of battling SARS-CoV-2 variants and long COVID are still urgently needed. A number of aptamers have demonstrated tremendous potential to be developed into diagnostic and therapeutic agents for COVID-19. The translation of the aptamers for clinical uses, however, has been extremely slow. Overcoming the difficulties faced by aptamers would advance this technology toward clinical use for COVID-19 and other serious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongen Li
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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25
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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26
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Mazzarella L, Santoro F, Ravasio R, Fumagalli V, Massa PE, Rodighiero S, Gavilán E, Romanenghi M, Duso BA, Bonetti E, Manganaro L, Pallavi R, Trastulli D, Pallavicini I, Gentile C, Monzani S, Leonardi T, Pasqualato S, Buttinelli G, Di Martino A, Fedele G, Schiavoni I, Stefanelli P, Meroni G, de Francesco R, Steinkuhler C, Fossati G, Iannacone M, Minucci S, Pelicci PG. Inhibition of the lysine demethylase LSD1 modulates the balance between inflammatory and antiviral responses against coronaviruses. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade0326. [PMID: 38113337 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to coronavirus infections are highly cell specific. Tissue-resident macrophages, which are infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients but are inconsistently infected in vitro, exert critical but conflicting effects by secreting both antiviral type I interferons (IFNs) and tissue-damaging inflammatory cytokines. Steroids, the only class of host-targeting drugs approved for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), indiscriminately suppress both responses, possibly impairing viral clearance. Here, we established in vitro cell culture systems that enabled us to separately investigate the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic proinflammatory and antiviral activities of mouse macrophages infected with the prototypical murine coronavirus MHV-A59. We showed that the nuclear factor κB-dependent inflammatory response to viral infection was selectively inhibited by loss of the lysine demethylase LSD1, which was previously implicated in innate immune responses to cancer, with negligible effects on the antiviral IFN response. LSD1 ablation also enhanced an IFN-independent antiviral response, blocking viral egress through the lysosomal pathway. The macrophage-intrinsic antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of Lsd1 inhibition was confirmed in vitro and in a humanized mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that LSD1 controls innate immune responses against coronaviruses at multiple levels and provide a mechanistic rationale for potentially repurposing LSD1 inhibitors for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravasio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Paul E Massa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rodighiero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gavilán
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Romanenghi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno A Duso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bonetti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Manganaro
- Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rani Pallavi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Trastulli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gentile
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Monzani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buttinelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Martino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Schiavoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meroni
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele de Francesco
- Virology, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Steinkuhler
- Preclinical R&D Italfarmaco SpA, Via dei Lavoratori 54, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical R&D Italfarmaco SpA, Via dei Lavoratori 54, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
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27
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Lusiany T, Terada T, Kishikawa JI, Hirose M, Chen DV, Sugihara F, Ismanto HS, van Eerden FJ, Li S, Kato T, Arase H, Yoshiharu M, Okada M, Standley DM. Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Crosslinking of Adjacent Spike Proteins by N-Terminal Domain-Targeting Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:2421. [PMID: 38140662 PMCID: PMC10747171 DOI: 10.3390/v15122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is mediated by the interaction between the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Certain human antibodies, which target the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) at a distant epitope from the host cell binding surface, have been found to augment ACE2 binding and enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, these antibodies exert their effect independently of the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, distinguishing their mode of action from previously described antibody-dependent infection-enhancing (ADE) mechanisms. Building upon previous hypotheses and experimental evidence, we propose that these NTD-targeting infection-enhancing antibodies (NIEAs) achieve their effect through the crosslinking of neighboring spike proteins. In this study, we present refined structural models of NIEA fragment antigen-binding region (Fab)-NTD complexes, supported by molecular dynamics simulations and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Furthermore, we provide direct evidence confirming the crosslinking of spike NTDs by NIEAs. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NIEAs and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lusiany
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan (H.S.I.); (S.L.)
| | - Tohru Terada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Jun-ichi Kishikawa
- Cryo-EM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (J.-i.K.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Mika Hirose
- Cryo-EM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (J.-i.K.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - David Virya Chen
- Department of System Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (D.V.C.); (F.J.v.E.)
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Core Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Hendra Saputra Ismanto
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan (H.S.I.); (S.L.)
| | - Floris J. van Eerden
- Department of System Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (D.V.C.); (F.J.v.E.)
| | - Songling Li
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan (H.S.I.); (S.L.)
- Department of System Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (D.V.C.); (F.J.v.E.)
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Cryo-EM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (J.-i.K.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
- Department of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Matsuura Yoshiharu
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Masato Okada
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Daron M. Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan (H.S.I.); (S.L.)
- Department of System Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (D.V.C.); (F.J.v.E.)
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Siles N, Schuler M, Maguire C, Amengor D, Nguyen A, Wilen R, Rogers J, Bazzi S, Caslin B, DiPasquale C, Abigania M, Olson E, Creaturo J, Hurley K, Triplett TA, Rousseau JF, Strakowski SM, Wylie D, Maynard J, Ehrlich LIR, Melamed E. SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Individuals Over 12 Months Reveal Severity-Dependent Antibody Dynamics. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.05.23299462. [PMID: 38106077 PMCID: PMC10723498 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.23299462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to informing strategies toward reducing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfections, and improving vaccination and therapy approaches. Methods We evaluated antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike in 98 convalescent participants who experienced asymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe COVID-19 disease and in 17 non-vaccinated, non-infected controls, using four different antibody assays. Participants were sampled longitudinally at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR test. Findings Increasing acute COVID-19 disease severity correlated with higher anti-N and anti-RBD antibody titers throughout 12 months post-infection. Anti-N and anti-RBD titers declined over time in all participants, with the exception of increased anti-RBD titers post-vaccination, and the decay rates were faster in hospitalized compared to non-hospitalized participants. <50% of participants retained anti-N titers above control levels at 12 months, with non-hospitalized participants falling below control levels sooner. Nearly all hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants maintained anti-RBD titers above controls for up to 12 months, suggesting longevity of protection against severe reinfections. Nonetheless, by 6 months, few participants retained >50% of their 1-month anti-N or anti-RBD titers. Vaccine-induced increases in anti-RBD titers were greater in non-hospitalized relative to hospitalized participants. Early convalescent antibody titers correlated with age, but no association was observed between Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) status or acute steroid treatment and convalescent antibody titers. Interpretation Hospitalized participants developed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers relative to non-hospitalized participants, a difference that persisted throughout 12 months, despite the faster decline in titers in hospitalized participants. In both groups, while anti-N titers fell below control levels for at least half of the participants, anti-RBD titers remained above control levels for almost all participants over 12 months, demonstrating generation of long-lived antibody responses known to correlate with protection from severe disease across COVID-19 severities. Overall, our findings contribute to the evolving understanding of COVID-19 antibody dynamics. Funding Austin Public Health, NIAAA, Babson Diagnostics, Dell Medical School Startup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Siles
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Maisey Schuler
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Cole Maguire
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dzifa Amengor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Annalee Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Rebecca Wilen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jacob Rogers
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sam Bazzi
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Blaine Caslin
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Janelle Creaturo
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kerin Hurley
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Todd A Triplett
- Department of Oncology Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Immunotherapeutics & Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Justin F Rousseau
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Jennifer Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Lauren I R Ehrlich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Kibria MG, Lavine CL, Tang W, Wang S, Gao H, Shi W, Zhu H, Voyer J, Rits‐Volloch S, Keerti, Bi C, Peng H, Wesemann DR, Lu J, Xie H, Seaman MS, Chen B. Antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry in cultured cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57724. [PMID: 38277394 PMCID: PMC10702815 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells by first engaging its cellular receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to induce conformational changes in the virus-encoded spike protein and fusion between the viral and target cell membranes. Here, we report that certain monoclonal neutralizing antibodies against distinct epitopic regions of the receptor-binding domain of the spike can replace ACE2 to serve as a receptor and efficiently support membrane fusion and viral infectivity in vitro. These receptor-like antibodies can function in the form of a complex of their soluble immunoglobulin G with Fc-gamma receptor I, a chimera of their antigen-binding fragment with the transmembrane domain of ACE2 or a membrane-bound B cell receptor, indicating that ACE2 and its specific interaction with the spike protein are dispensable for SARS-CoV-2 entry. These results suggest that antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 may help expand the viral tropism to otherwise nonpermissive cell types with potential implications for viral transmission and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Kibria
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Christy L Lavine
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | - Hailong Gao
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Haisun Zhu
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Harvard Institutes of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Jewel Voyer
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Keerti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardBostonMAUSA
| | - Caihong Bi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardBostonMAUSA
| | - Hanqin Peng
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Duane R Wesemann
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardBostonMAUSA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Codex BioSolutions, Inc.RockvilleMDUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMDUSA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Bing Chen
- Division of Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Kim DG, Kim U, Park IH, Ryu B, Yoo Y, Cha JS, Yoon GY, Kim SH, Oh H, Seo JY, Nam KT, Seong JK, Shin JS, Cho HS, Kim HS. A bivalent form of a RBD-specific synthetic antibody effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105738. [PMID: 37944822 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is severely impacting the world, and tremendous efforts have been made to deal with it. Despite many advances in vaccines and therapeutics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains an intractable challenge. We present a bivalent Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)-specific synthetic antibody, specific for the RBD of wild-type (lineage A), developed from a non-antibody protein scaffold composed of LRR (Leucine-rich repeat) modules through phage display. We further reinforced the unique feature of the synthetic antibody by constructing a tandem dimeric form. The resulting bivalent form showed a broader neutralizing activity against the variants. The in vivo neutralizing efficacy of the bivalent synthetic antibody was confirmed using a human ACE2-expressing mouse model that significantly alleviated viral titer and lung infection. The present approach can be used to develop a synthetic antibody showing a broader neutralizing activity against a multitude of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - In Ho Park
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Bumhan Ryu
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Heeju Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Seo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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31
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Yang X. Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:1117-1134. [PMID: 38040914 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) has been ongoing for over 3 years. Antibody therapies encompassing convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) applied in passive immunotherapy have yielded positive outcomes and played a crucial role in the early COVID-19 treatment. In this review, the development path, action mechanism, clinical research results, challenges, and safety profile associated with the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and mAbs were summarized. In addition, the prospects of applying antibody therapy against VOCs was assessed, offering insights into the coping strategies for facing new infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430207, China.
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Cross RW, Wiethoff CM, Brown-Augsburger P, Berens S, Blackbourne J, Liu L, Wu X, Tetreault J, Dodd C, Sina R, Witcher DR, Newcomb D, Frost D, Wilcox A, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Woolsey C, Prasad AN, Deer DJ, Geisbert JB, Dobias NS, Fenton KA, Strifler B, Ebert P, Higgs R, Beall A, Chanda S, Riva L, Yin X, Geisbert TW. The Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Bamlanivimab Does Not Enhance SARS-CoV-2 Infection by FcR-Mediated Mechanisms. Pathogens 2023; 12:1408. [PMID: 38133292 PMCID: PMC10746090 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the non-clinical safety package characterizing bamlanivimab (SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody), the risk profile for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) was evaluated in vitro and in an African green monkey (AGM) model of COVID-19. In vitro ADE assays in primary human macrophage, Raji, or THP-1 cells were used to evaluate enhancement of viral infection. Bamlanivimab binding to C1q, FcR, and cell-based effector activity was also assessed. In AGMs, the impact of bamlanivimab pretreatment on viral loads and clinical and histological pathology was assessed to evaluate enhanced SARS-CoV-2 replication or pathology. Bamlanivimab did not increase viral replication in vitro, despite a demonstrated effector function. In vivo, no significant differences were found among the AGM groups for weight, temperature, or food intake. Treatment with bamlanivimab reduced viral loads in nasal and oral swabs and BAL fluid relative to control groups. Viral antigen was not detected in lung tissue from animals treated with the highest dose of bamlanivimab. Bamlanivimab did not induce ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro or in an AGM model of infection at any dose evaluated. The findings suggest that high-affinity monoclonal antibodies pose a low risk of mediating ADE in patients and support their safety profile as a treatment of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | | | - Shawn Berens
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jamie Blackbourne
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Ling Liu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Carter Dodd
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Ramtin Sina
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Deanna Newcomb
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV 89511, USA; (D.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Denzil Frost
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV 89511, USA; (D.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Angela Wilcox
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV 89511, USA; (D.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Krystle N. Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Daniel J. Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joan B. Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalie S. Dobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Karla A. Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Beth Strifler
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Philip Ebert
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Richard Higgs
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; (P.B.-A.); (S.B.)
| | - Anne Beall
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sumit Chanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura Riva
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (A.N.P.)
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Vanderven HA, Kent SJ. Fc-mediated functions and the treatment of severe respiratory viral infections with passive immunotherapy - a balancing act. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1307398. [PMID: 38077353 PMCID: PMC10710136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1307398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive immunotherapies have been used to treat severe respiratory infections for over a century, with convalescent blood products from recovered individuals given to patients with influenza-related pneumonia as long ago as the Spanish flu pandemic. However, passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) has not provided unequivocal evidence of a clinical benefit for severe respiratory infections including influenza and COVID-19. Efficacy trials, primarily conducted in late-stage disease, have demonstrated inconsistent efficacy and clinical benefit for hIVIG treatment of severe respiratory infections. To date, most serological analyses of convalescent plasma and hIVIG trial samples have focused on the measurement of neutralizing antibody titres. There is, however, increasing evidence that baseline antibody levels and extra-neutralizing antibody functions influence the outcome of passive immunotherapy in humans. In this perspective, findings from convalescent plasma and hIVIG trials for severe influenza, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) will be described. Clinical trial results will be discussed in the context of the potential beneficial and deleterious roles of antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions, with a focus on natural killer cells and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Overall, we postulate that treating respiratory viral infections with hIVIG represents a delicate balance between protection and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Barbey C, Su J, Billmeier M, Stefan N, Bester R, Carnell G, Temperton N, Heeney J, Protzer U, Breunig M, Wagner R, Peterhoff D. Immunogenicity of a silica nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:41-55. [PMID: 37774890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines have been regarded early on as critical in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the deployed vaccine platforms, subunit vaccines have a particularly good safety profile but may suffer from a lower immunogenicity compared to mRNA based or viral vector vaccines. In fact, this phenomenon has also been observed for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Therefore, RBD-based vaccines have to rely on additional measures to enhance the immune response. It is well accepted that displaying antigens on nanoparticles can improve the quantity and quality of vaccine-mediated both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Based on this, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 RBD as immunogen would benefit from being presented to the immune system via silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Herein we describe the preparation, in vitro characterization, antigenicity and in vivo immunogenicity of SiNPs decorated with properly oriented RBD in mice. We found our RBD-SiNP conjugates show narrow, homogeneous particle distribution with optimal size of about 100 nm for efficient transport to and into the lymph node. The colloidal stability and binding of the antigen was stable for at least 4 months at storage- and in vivo-temperatures. The antigenicity of the RBD was maintained upon binding to the SiNP surface, and the receptor-binding motif was readily accessible due to the spatial orientation of the RBD. The particles were efficiently taken up in vitro by antigen-presenting cells. In a mouse immunization study using an mRNA vaccine and spike protein as benchmarks, we found that the SiNP formulation was able to elicit a stronger RBD-specific humoral response compared to the soluble protein. For the adjuvanted RBD-SiNP we found strong S-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses, a balanced T helper response, improved auto- and heterologous virus neutralization capacity, and increased serum avidity, suggesting increased affinity maturation. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the possibility of optimizing the cellular and humoral immune response through antigen presentation on SiNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stefan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Romina Bester
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Grignoli N, Petrocchi S, Polito A, Gagliano V, Sallusto F, Uguccioni M, Gabutti L. The interplay between previous infection and mental health condition on antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 33:100677. [PMID: 37701787 PMCID: PMC10493882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has been pointing towards the existence of a bi-directional interplay between mental health condition and immunity. Data collected during the COVID-19 outbreak suggest that depressive symptoms may impact the production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, while a previous infection could affect the immune response and cause neuropsychological disturbances. A prospective observational study was designed to investigate the association between mental health conditions and immune response over time. We analyzed the mental health at baseline and the antibodies before and after immunization with the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a cohort of healthcare professionals in southern Switzerland. One-hundred and six subjects were enrolled. Anxiety, distress and depression correlated to each other. There were no correlations between the mentioned variables and the vaccine induced IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. For those who had a previous COVID-19 infection, the antibodies increased according to the grade of depression. For those who did not, the anti-RBD IgG levels remained similar when comparing presence or absence of depression symptoms. Our results show that previous SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in subjects with mental health conditions enhances the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The correlation between immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, a previous exposure to the virus, and symptoms of mood disorders, makes it necessary to explore the direction of the causality between immune response and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grignoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cantonal Sociopsychiatric Organisation, Public Health Division, Department of Health and Social Care, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Polito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Hospital of Mendrisio and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Gagliano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Gabutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Lacombe K, Hueso T, Porcher R, Mekinian A, Chiarabini T, Georgin-Lavialle S, Ader F, Saison J, Martin-Blondel G, De Castro N, Bonnet F, Cazanave C, Francois A, Morel P, Hermine O, Pourcher V, Michel M, Lescure X, Soussi N, Brun P, Pommeret F, Sellier P, Rousset S, Piroth L, Michot JM, Baron G, de Lamballerie X, Mariette X, Tharaux PL, Resche-Rigon M, Ravaud P, Simon T, Tiberghien P. Use of covid-19 convalescent plasma to treat patients admitted to hospital for covid-19 with or without underlying immunodeficiency: open label, randomised clinical trial. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000427. [PMID: 37920150 PMCID: PMC10619082 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of covid-19 convalescent plasma to treat patients admitted to hospital for moderate covid-19 disease with or without underlying immunodeficiency (CORIPLASM trial). Design Open label, randomised clinical trial. Setting CORIMUNO-19 cohort (publicly supported platform of open label, randomised controlled trials of immune modulatory drugs in patients admitted to hospital with moderate or severe covid-19 disease) based on 19 university and general hospitals across France, from 16 April 2020 to 21 April 2021. Participants 120 adults (n=60 in the covid-19 convalescent plasma group, n=60 in the usual care group) admitted to hospital with a positive SARS-CoV2 test result, duration of symptoms <9 days, and World Health Organization score of 4 or 5. 49 patients (n=22, n=27) had underlying immunosuppression. Interventions Open label randomisation to usual care or four units (200-220 mL/unit, 2 units/day over two consecutive days) of covid-19 convalescent plasma with a seroneutralisation titre >40. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were proportion of patients with a WHO Clinical Progression Scale score of ≥6 on the 10 point scale on day 4 (higher values indicate a worse outcome), and survival without assisted ventilation or additional immunomodulatory treatment by day 14. Secondary outcomes were changes in WHO Clinical Progression Scale scores, overall survival, time to discharge, and time to end of dependence on oxygen supply. Predefined subgroups analyses included immunosuppression status, duration of symptoms before randomisation, and use of steroids. Results 120 patients were recruited and assigned to covid-19 convalescent plasma (n=60) or usual care (n=60), including 22 (covid-19 convalescent plasma) and 27 (usual care) patients who were immunocompromised. 13 (22%) patients who received convalescent plasma had a WHO Clinical Progression Scale score of ≥6 at day 4 versus eight (13%) patients who received usual care (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% credible interval 0.71 to 5.24). By day 14, 19 (31.6%) patients in the convalescent plasma group and 20 (33.3%) patients in the usual care group needed ventilation, additional immunomodulatory treatment, or had died. For cumulative incidence of death, three (5%) patients in the convalescent plasma group and eight (13%) in the usual care group died by day 14 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.10 to 1.53), and seven (12%) patients in the convalescent plasma group and 12 (20%) in the usual care group by day 28 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.51, 0.20 to 1.32). In a subgroup analysis performed in patients who were immunocompromised, transfusion of covid-19 convalescent plasma was associated with mortality (hazard ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 1.10). Conclusions In this study, covid-19 convalescent plasma did not improve early outcomes in patients with moderate covid-19 disease. The efficacy of convalescent plasma in patients who are immunocompromised should be investigated further. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04345991.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- IPLESP, INSERM, Paris, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, St Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hueso
- Hematology department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint Denis, Bobigny, France
| | - Raphael Porcher
- Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, CRESS-UMR1153, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d'épidémiologie clinique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Arsene Mekinian
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Internal Medicine department, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Florence Ader
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Saison
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, Valence, France
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Infectious Diseases department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie De Castro
- Infectious Diseases department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Bordeaux Population Health, INSERM U1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Saint-André Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Cazanave
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Francois
- Etablissement Francais du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Etablissement Francais du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Pourcher
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- IPLESP, INSERM, Paris, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marc Michel
- Université de Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Lescure
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nora Soussi
- Clinical Research Platform (URC-CRC-CRB), Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Pommeret
- Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Sellier
- Infectious Diseases Department, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stella Rousset
- Infectious Diseases department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital Centre Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Gabriel Baron
- Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, CRESS-UMR1153, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d'épidémiologie clinique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Inserm UMR1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Rhumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Resche-Rigon
- INSERM U153, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de biostatistique et information médicale, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- INSERM U153, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Service de biostatistique et information médicale, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Département de Pharmacologie clinique, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Francais du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
- UMR1098 RIGHT, Inserm, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Wu D, Cong J, Wei J, Hu J, Sun W, Ran W, Liao C, Zheng H, Ye L. A Naïve Phage Display Library-Derived Nanobody Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and Three Variants of Concern. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5781-5795. [PMID: 37869063 PMCID: PMC10588750 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) requires the continuous development of safe, effective, and affordable prevention and therapeutics. Nanobodies have demonstrated antiviral activity against a variety of viruses, providing a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Methods SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein spike 1 subunit (S1) was selected as the target antigen for nanobody screening of a naïve phage display library. We obtained a nanobody, named Nb-H6, and then determined its affinity, inhibition, and stability by ELISA, Competitive ELISA, and Biolayer Interferometry (BLI). Infection assays of authentic and pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 were performed to evaluate the neutralization of Nb-H6. The structure and mechanism of action were investigated by AlphaFold, docking, and residue mutation assays. Results We isolated and characterized a nanobody, Nb-H6, which exhibits a broad affinity for S1 and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, or Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), Lambda (C.37), and Omicron (BA.2 and BA.5), and blocks receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding. Moreover, Nb-H6 can retain its binding capability after pH or thermal treatment and effectively neutralize both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2, as well as VOC Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (BA.2 and BA.5) pseudoviruses. We also confirmed that Nb-H6 binds two distinct amino acid residues of the RBD, preventing SARS-CoV-2 from interacting with the host receptor. Conclusion Our study highlights a novel nanobody, Nb-H6, that may be useful therapeutically in SARS-CoV-2 and VOC outbreaks and pandemics. These findings also provide a molecular foundation for further studies into how nanobodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and variants and imply potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxiao Cong
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Wei
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Sun
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Housheng Zheng
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Nagendla NK, Subrahanyam SB, Konda S, Mudiam MKR. Development of liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of a novel adjuvant, Imidazoquinoline gallamide in aluminum hydroxide gel-Imidazoquinoline gallamide and COVAXIN. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300380. [PMID: 37609812 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoquinoline gallamide is a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist, belongs to the imidazoquinoline class, has the potential to activate antigen-presenting cells, and enhances immune response, primarily Th1 response. The COVAXIN is a whole virion inactivated Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine formulated with this novel adjuvant called, aluminum hydroxide gel Imidazoquinoline gallamide, wherein, Imidazoquinoline gallamide is chemisorbed onto aluminum hydroxide gel. Herein, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to identify and quantify Imidazoquinoline gallamide in aluminum hydroxide gel Imidazoquinoline gallamide and COVAXIN. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions were optimized for Imidazoquinoline gallamide quantification are [M+H]+ ions with 512.24→343.19 m/z (quantifier ion) and 512.24→360.22 m/z (qualifier ion). The developed method was validated as per the international conference on harmonization quality2 revison1 guidelines. The method was linear in the range of 0.025-10 µg/mL with a coefficient of determination of 0.9985 and the limit of quantification is 0.025 µg/mL. The accuracy was in the range of 82-121 % and intra- and inter-day precision was less than 7.1% and 5.39%, respectively. The expanded uncertainty results are 9.2% for Imidazoquinoline gallamide in the sample. The validated method was successfully applied to evaluate Imidazoquinoline gallamide concentration in every batch of COVAXIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Nagendla
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Seetha Bala Subrahanyam
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Satyanand Konda
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Phan T, Zitzmann C, Chew KW, Smith DM, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Hughes MD, Choudhary MC, Deo R, Li JZ, Ribeiro RM, Ke R, Perelson AS. Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557679. [PMID: 37745410 PMCID: PMC10515893 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 760 million cases and 6.9 million deaths worldwide. To mitigate the loss of lives, emergency use authorization was given to several anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of progressing to severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat SARS-CoV-2 target the spike protein of the virus and block its ability to enter and infect target cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy can thus accelerate the decline in viral load and lower hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with susceptible variants. However, viral resistance has been observed, in some cases leading to a transient viral rebound that can be as large as 3-4 orders of magnitude. As mAbs represent a proven treatment choice for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, evaluation of treatment-emergent mAb resistance can help uncover underlying pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may also help in the development of the next generation of mAb therapies. Although resistance can be expected, the large rebounds observed are much more difficult to explain. We hypothesize replenishment of target cells is necessary to generate the high transient viral rebound. Thus, we formulated two models with different mechanisms for target cell replenishment (homeostatic proliferation and return from an innate immune response anti-viral state) and fit them to data from persons with SARS-CoV-2 treated with a mAb. We showed that both models can explain the emergence of resistant virus associated with high transient viral rebounds. We found that variations in the target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters have a strong impact on the magnitude or observability of the viral rebound associated with the emergence of resistant virus. Both variations in target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters may explain why only some individuals develop observable transient resistant viral rebound. Our study highlights the conditions that can lead to resistance and subsequent viral rebound in mAb treatments during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Phan
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Carolin Zitzmann
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kara W. Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric S. Daar
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David A. Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ruian Ke
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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He X, Wang J, Tang Y, Chiang ST, Han T, Chen Q, Qian C, Shen X, Li R, Ai X. Recent Advances of Emerging Spleen-Targeting Nanovaccines for Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300351. [PMID: 37289567 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines provide a powerful tool to modulate the immune system for human disease prevention and treatment. Classical vaccines mainly initiate immune responses in the lymph nodes (LNs) after subcutaneous injection. However, some vaccines suffer from inefficient delivery of antigens to LNs, undesired inflammation, and slow immune induction when encountering the rapid proliferation of tumors. Alternatively, the spleen, as the largest secondary lymphoid organ with a high density of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and lymphocytes, acts as an emerging target organ for vaccinations in the body. Upon intravenous administration, the rationally designed spleen-targeting nanovaccines can be internalized by the APCs in the spleen to induce selective antigen presentation to T and B cells in their specific sub-regions, thereby rapidly boosting durable cellular and humoral immunity. Herein, the recent advances of spleen-targeting nanovaccines for immunotherapy based on the anatomical architectures and functional zones of the spleen, as well as their limitations and perspectives for clinical applications are systematically summarized. The aim is to emphasize the design of innovative nanovaccines for enhanced immunotherapy of intractable diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi He
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Seok Theng Chiang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianzhen Han
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunxi Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiangzhao Ai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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41
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Huaman MA, Raval JS, Paxton JH, Mosnaim GS, Patel B, Anjan S, Meisenberg BR, Levine AC, Marshall CE, Yarava A, Shenoy AG, Heath SL, Currier JS, Fukuta Y, Blair JE, Spivak ES, Petrini JR, Broderick PB, Rausch W, Cordisco M, Hammel J, Greenblatt B, Cluzet VC, Cruser D, Oei K, Abinante M, Hammitt LL, Sutcliffe CG, Forthal DN, Zand MS, Cachay ER, Kassaye SG, Ram M, Wang Y, Das P, Lane K, McBee NA, Gawad AL, Karlen N, Ford DE, Laeyendecker O, Pekosz A, Klein SL, Ehrhardt S, Lau B, Baksh SN, Shade DM, Casadevall A, Hanley DF, Ou J, Gniadek TJ, Ziman A, Shoham S, Gebo KA, Bloch EM, Tobian AAR, Sullivan DJ, Gerber JM. Transfusion reactions associated with COVID-19 convalescent plasma in outpatient clinical trials. Transfusion 2023; 63:1639-1648. [PMID: 37534607 PMCID: PMC10720768 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is an important therapeutic option for outpatients at high risk of hospitalization from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assessed the safety of outpatient CCP transfusions administered during clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data pertaining to transfusion-related reactions from two randomized controlled trials in the U.S. that evaluated the efficacy of CCP versus control plasma in various ambulatory settings. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess whether CCP was associated with transfusion reactions, after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The combined study reported 79/1351 (5.9%) adverse events during the transfusion visit, with the majority 62/1351 (4.6%) characterized by mild, allergic-type findings of urticaria, and/or pruritus consistent with minor allergic transfusion reactions; the other reported events were attributed to the patients' underlying disease, COVID-19, or vasovagal in nature. We found no difference in the likelihood of allergic transfusion reactions between those receiving CCP versus control plasma (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.43-1.31). Risk of urticaria and/or pruritus increased with a pre-existing diagnosis of asthma (AOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.16-4.67). We did not observe any CCP-attributed antibody disease enhancement in participants with COVID-19 or increased risk of infection. There were no life-threatening severe transfusion reactions and no patients required hospitalization related to transfusion-associated complications. DISCUSSION Outpatient plasma administration was safely performed for nearly 1400 participants. CCP is a safe therapeutic option for outpatients at risk of hospitalization from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises A Huaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jay S Raval
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - James H Paxton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Giselle S Mosnaim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Bela Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shweta Anjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Adam C Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital & Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christi E Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anusha Yarava
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aarthi G Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, DC, USA
| | - Sonya L Heath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yuriko Fukuta
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Janis E Blair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Emily S Spivak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Hammel
- Nuvance Health Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Valerie C Cluzet
- Nuvance Health Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Cruser
- Nuvance Health Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Oei
- Ascada Research, Fullerton, California, USA
| | | | - Laura L Hammitt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine G Sutcliffe
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald N Forthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Martin S Zand
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward R Cachay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Seble G Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, DC, USA
| | - Malathi Ram
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Piyali Das
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Lane
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nichol A McBee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy L Gawad
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicky Karlen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel E Ford
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- The Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheriza N Baksh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Shade
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel F Hanley
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiangda Ou
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Outcomes Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas J Gniadek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Alyssa Ziman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly A Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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42
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Wang X, Li M, Lu P, Li C, Zhao C, Zhao X, Qiao R, Cui Y, Chen Y, Li J, Cai G, Wang P. In Vitro Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Could Be Abolished by Adding Human IgG. Pathogens 2023; 12:1108. [PMID: 37764916 PMCID: PMC10535176 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of other viruses has raised concerns about the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and antibody therapeutics. In vitro studies have shown ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we also found that vaccination/convalescent sera and some approved monoclonal antibodies can enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of FcR-expressing B cells in vitro. However, the enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be prevented by blocking Fc-FcR interaction through the addition of human serum/IgG or the introduction of mutations in the Fc portion of the antibody. It should be noted that ADE activity observed on FcR-expressing cells in vitro may not necessarily reflect the situation in vivo; therefore, animal and clinical data should be included for ADE evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Reproductive Center, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuchen Cui
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guonan Cai
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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43
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Findlay-Wilson S, Easterbrook L, Smith S, Pope N, Aldridge M, Humphries G, Schuhmann H, Ngabo D, Rayner E, Otter A, Coleman T, Hicks B, Halkerston R, Apostolakis K, Taylor S, Fotheringham S, Horton A, CanoCejas I, Wand M, Tree JA, Sutton M, Graham V, Hewson R, Dowall S. Refinement of an ovine-based immunoglobulin therapy against SARS-CoV-2, with comparison of whole IgG versus F(ab') 2 fragments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13912. [PMID: 37626085 PMCID: PMC10457378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies against SARS-CoV-2 is required to extend the toolkit of intervention strategies to combat the global pandemic. In this study, hyperimmune plasma from sheep immunised with whole spike SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein has been used to generate candidate products. In addition to purified IgG, we have refined candidate therapies by removing non-specific IgG via affinity binding along with fragmentation to eliminate the Fc region to create F(ab')2 fragments. These preparations were evaluated for in vitro activity and demonstrated to be strongly neutralising against a range of SARS-CoV-2 strains, including Omicron B2.2. In addition, their protection against disease manifestations and viral loads were assessed using a hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model. Results demonstrated protective effects of both IgG and F(ab')2, with the latter requiring sequential dosing to maintain in vivo activity due to rapid clearance from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Easterbrook
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Sandra Smith
- International Therapeutic Proteins Ltd, Longford, TAS, 7301, Australia
| | - Neville Pope
- International Therapeutic Proteins Ltd, Goleigh Farm, Selborne, GU34 3SE, Hampshire, UK
| | | | - Gareth Humphries
- Native Antigen Company, Langford Locks, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1LH, UK
| | - Holger Schuhmann
- Native Antigen Company, Langford Locks, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1LH, UK
| | - Didier Ngabo
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Emma Rayner
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Ashley Otter
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Thomas Coleman
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Bethany Hicks
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Rachel Halkerston
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kostis Apostolakis
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Stephen Taylor
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Susan Fotheringham
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Amanda Horton
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Irene CanoCejas
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Matthew Wand
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mark Sutton
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Victoria Graham
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK.
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44
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Heitmann JS, Tandler C, Marconato M, Nelde A, Habibzada T, Rittig SM, Tegeler CM, Maringer Y, Jaeger SU, Denk M, Richter M, Oezbek MT, Wiesmüller KH, Bauer J, Rieth J, Wacker M, Schroeder SM, Hoenisch Gravel N, Scheid J, Märklin M, Henrich A, Klimovich B, Clar KL, Lutz M, Holzmayer S, Hörber S, Peter A, Meisner C, Fischer I, Löffler MW, Peuker CA, Habringer S, Goetze TO, Jäger E, Rammensee HG, Salih HR, Walz JS. Phase I/II trial of a peptide-based COVID-19 T-cell activator in patients with B-cell deficiency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5032. [PMID: 37596280 PMCID: PMC10439231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunity is central for control of COVID-19, particularly in patients incapable of mounting antibody responses. CoVac-1 is a peptide-based T-cell activator composed of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes with documented favorable safety profile and efficacy in terms of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response. We here report a Phase I/II open-label trial (NCT04954469) in 54 patients with congenital or acquired B-cell deficiency receiving one subcutaneous CoVac-1 dose. Immunogenicity in terms of CoVac-1-induced T-cell responses and safety are the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. No serious or grade 4 CoVac-1-related adverse events have been observed. Expected local granuloma formation has been observed in 94% of study subjects, whereas systemic reactogenicity has been mild or absent. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses have been induced in 86% of patients and are directed to multiple CoVac-1 peptides, not affected by any current Omicron variants and mediated by multifunctional T-helper 1 CD4+ T cells. CoVac-1-induced T-cell responses have exceeded those directed to the spike protein after mRNA-based vaccination of B-cell deficient patients and immunocompetent COVID-19 convalescents with and without seroconversion. Overall, our data show that CoVac-1 induces broad and potent T-cell responses in patients with B-cell/antibody deficiency with a favorable safety profile, which warrants advancement to pivotal Phase III safety and efficacy evaluation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04954469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maddalena Marconato
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timorshah Habibzada
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne M Rittig
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M Tegeler
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon U Jaeger
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Denk
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Richter
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melek T Oezbek
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Bauer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Rieth
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wacker
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Schroeder
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Naomi Hoenisch Gravel
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Scheid
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Henrich
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Klimovich
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kim L Clar
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Lutz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Holzmayer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Meisner
- Robert Bosch Hospital, Robert Bosch Society for Medical Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Imma Fischer
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus W Löffler
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Anna Peuker
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten O Goetze
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elke Jäger
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Yu W, Guo Y, Hu T, Liu Y, Fan Q, Guo L, Zheng B, Kong Y, Zhu H, Yu J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li F, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Shen Z, Ruan Y, Mao R, Zhang J. Incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, a multicenter cohort study in Shanghai, China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28997. [PMID: 37537950 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
During March 2022 to January 2023, two Omicron waves hit Shanghai and caused a massive number of reinfections. To better understand the incidence and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Shanghai, China, we conducted a multicenter cohort study. COVID-19 patients first infected with BA.2 (March 1, 2022-May 23, 2022) who were quarantined in Huashan Hospital, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jing'an Central Hospital were followed up for reinfection from June 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023. Of 897 primary infections, 148 (16.5%) experienced reinfection. Incidence rate of reinfection was 0.66 cases per 1000 person-days. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-3.83) was a risk factor for reinfection. The four most common symptoms of reinfections during the circulation of BA.5 sublineages were cough (62.59%), sore throat (54.42%), fatigue (48.98%), and fever (42.57%). Having received a booster vaccination was not associated with reduced severity of reinfection in comparison with not having received booster vaccination. After matched 1:1 by age and sex, we found that reinfections with BA.5 sublineages had significantly lower occurrence and severity of fever, fatigue, sore throat, and cough, as compared to primary infections with BA.5 sublineages. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron reinfections were less severe than Omicron primary infections during the circulation of the same subvariant. Protection offered by both vaccination and previous infection was poor against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weien Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqi Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jing'an Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binrong Zheng
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yide Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fahong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuee Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jing'an Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jing'an Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ruan
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Richeng Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang Y, Guo L, Yuan J, Xu Z, Gu Y, Zhang J, Guan Y, Liang J, Lu H, Liu Y. Viral and antibody dynamics of acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (B.1.1.529): a prospective cohort study from Shenzhen, China. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e632-e641. [PMID: 37459867 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating viral dynamics within the host is important for designing public health measures against SARS-CoV-2, particularly during the early stages of infection when transmission potential rapidly increases. We aimed to analyse the viral and antibody dynamics of the omicron variant in relation to symptom onset or laboratory confirmation and replication dynamics throughout the infection course. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital (Shenzhen, China) between Jan 11, 2020, and April 24, 2022, were screened for eligibility. We included immunocompetent individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection without antiviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples were analysed for viral RNAs and specific IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. The comparative viral and antibody kinetics in association with symptom onset or laboratory confirmation and replication dynamics throughout the infection course were calculated by the locally estimated scatterplot smoothing curve fitting polynomial regression. The associations between viral and antibody dynamics and vaccination, age, sex, disease severity, and underlying health conditions were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon method. FINDINGS 15 406 serial nasopharyngeal swabs and 2324 plasma samples were taken from 2043 individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=217 prototype [A.1] and D614G [B.1] variant [wild-type]; n=105 delta variant [B.1.617.2]; n=1721 omicron variant [B.1.1.529]) and were included for the analyses. The mean Ct value of omicron variant on the first day post symptom onset (dpo; defined as the first day post laboratory confirmation in asymptomatic participants) was 22·65 (95% CI 22·05-23·26). Peak viral load was reached with a mean Ct value of 17·63 (17·47-17·79) at a mean of 3·19 dpo (95% CI 3·09-3·28), and viral clearance (Ct values ≥35) was reached at a mean of 13·50 dpo (95% CI 13·32-13·67). Omicron variant showed faster viral replication and clearance than wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and delta variant, and the viral load at the first dpo and the peak viral load was lower than delta variant but higher than wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Age, sex, disease severity, and underlying health conditions were associated with the viral dynamics of omicron variant, with faster viral clearance found in young (aged 0-14 years), male, and asymptomatic participants, and those without underlying health conditions. Replication dynamics thoughout the infection course showed that peak viral load was reached at a mean of 5·06 dpo (4·76-5·36) and viral clearance took a mean of 14·27 days (13·6-14·93) for omicron variant. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG increased earlier and faster to significantly higher concentrations in breakthrough infection than naive infection with omicron variant, despite long intervals (≥7 months) between the last dose of vaccination and infection. INTERPRETATION Our data provide a comprehensive overview of the longitudinal viral and antibody dynamics of omicron variant in people with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with important implications for public health strategies, including population screening, antiviral treatment, isolation periods, and vaccination. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China and Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhu Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Zamani P, Mashreghi M, Rezazade Bazaz M, Zargari S, Alizadeh F, Dorrigiv M, Abdoli A, Aminianfar H, Hatamipour M, Zarqi J, Behboodifar S, Samsami Y, Khorshid Sokhangouy S, Sefidbakht Y, Uskoković V, Rezayat SM, Jaafari MR, Mozaffari-Jovin S. Characterization of stability, safety and immunogenicity of the mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine Iribovax® against COVID-19 in nonhuman primates. J Control Release 2023; 360:316-334. [PMID: 37355212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines have proved their efficacy, versatility and unprecedented manufacturing speed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report on the physicochemical properties, thermostability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate Iribovax® (also called SNEG2c). Injection of BALB/c mice, rabbits and nonhuman primates with two doses of SNEG2c induced production of high-titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-neutralizing antibodies in immunized animals. In addition to the strong humoral response, SNEG2c elicited substantial Th1-biased T-cell response. Sera from rhesus macaques immunized with a low dose of the vaccine showed robust spike-specific antibody titers 3-24× as high as those in convalescent sera from a panel of COVID-19 patients and 50% virus neutralization geometric mean titer of 1024 against SARS-CoV-2. Strikingly, immunization with SNEG2c completely cleared infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the upper and lower respiratory tracts of challenged macaques and protected them from viral-induced lung and trachea lesions. In contrast, the non-vaccinated macaques developed moderate to severe pulmonary pathology after the viral challenge. We present the results of repeat-dose and local tolerance toxicity and thermostability studies showing how the physicochemical properties of the mRNA-LNPs change over time and demonstrating that SNEG2 is safe, well tolerated and stable for long-term. These results support the planned human trials of SNEG2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahere Rezazade Bazaz
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Selma Zargari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahyar Dorrigiv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Tehran, Iran; Amirabad Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aminianfar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hatamipour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Zarqi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Behboodifar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Samsami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Khorshid Sokhangouy
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- College of Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Merling MR, Williams A, Mahfooz NS, Ruane-Foster M, Smith J, Jahnes J, Ayers LW, Bazan JA, Norris A, Norris Turner A, Oglesbee M, Faith SA, Quam MB, Robinson RT. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated saliva antibody responses among asymptomatic individuals in a large university community. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011596. [PMID: 37603565 PMCID: PMC10470930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) infected, asymptomatic individuals are an important contributor to COVID transmission. CoV2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-as generated by the immune system following infection or vaccination-has helped limit CoV2 transmission from asymptomatic individuals to susceptible populations (e.g. elderly). Here, we describe the relationships between COVID incidence and CoV2 lineage, viral load, saliva Ig levels (CoV2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG), and ACE2 binding inhibition capacity in asymptomatic individuals between January 2021 and May 2022. These data were generated as part of a large university COVID monitoring program in Ohio, United States of America, and demonstrate that COVID incidence among asymptomatic individuals occurred in waves which mirrored those in surrounding regions, with saliva CoV2 viral loads becoming progressively higher in our community until vaccine mandates were established. Among the unvaccinated, infection with each CoV2 lineage (pre-Omicron) resulted in saliva Spike-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG responses, the latter increasing significantly post-infection and being more pronounced than N-specific IgG responses. Vaccination resulted in significantly higher Spike-specific IgG levels compared to unvaccinated infected individuals, and uninfected vaccinees' saliva was more capable of inhibiting Spike function. Vaccinees with breakthrough Delta infections had Spike-specific IgG levels comparable to those of uninfected vaccinees; however, their ability to inhibit Spike binding was diminished. These data are consistent with COVID vaccines having achieved hoped-for effects in our community, including the generation of mucosal antibodies that inhibit Spike and lower community viral loads, and suggest breakthrough Delta infections were not due to an absence of vaccine-elicited Ig, but instead limited Spike binding activity in the face of high community viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena R. Merling
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amanda Williams
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Najmus S. Mahfooz
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marisa Ruane-Foster
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jacob Smith
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeff Jahnes
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leona W. Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Bazan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alison Norris
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abigail Norris Turner
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Faith
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mikkel B. Quam
- Department of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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49
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Pierre CN, Adams LE, Anasti K, Goodman D, Stanfield-Oakley S, Powers JM, Li D, Rountree W, Wang Y, Edwards RJ, Munir Alam S, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF, Baric RS, Saunders KO. Non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain antibodies protect mice against severe disease using Fc-mediated effector functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550460. [PMID: 37546738 PMCID: PMC10402036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies perform both neutralizing and non-neutralizing effector functions that protect against certain pathogen-induced diseases. A human antibody directed at the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-terminal domain (NTD), DH1052, was recently shown to be non-neutralizing yet it protected mice and cynomolgus macaques from severe disease. The mechanisms of this non-neutralizing antibody-mediated protection are unknown. Here we show that Fc effector functions mediate non-neutralizing antibody (non-nAb) protection against SARS-CoV-2 MA10 viral challenge in mice. Though non-nAb infusion did not suppress infectious viral titers in the lung as potently as NTD neutralizing antibody (nAb) infusion, disease markers including gross lung discoloration were similar in nAb and non-nAb groups. Fc functional knockout substitutions abolished non-nAb protection and increased viral titers in the nAb group. Finally, Fc enhancement increased non-nAb protection relative to WT, supporting a positive association between Fc functionality and degree of protection in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates that non-nAbs can utilize Fc-mediated mechanisms to lower viral load and prevent lung damage due to coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille N Pierre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Lily E Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - John M Powers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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50
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Prenafeta A, Bech-Sàbat G, Moros A, Barreiro A, Fernández A, Cañete M, Roca M, González-González L, Garriga C, Confais J, Toussenot M, Contamin H, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Pradenas E, Marfil S, Blanco J, Rica PC, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, Lorca C, Segalés J, Prat T, March R, Ferrer L. Preclinical evaluation of PHH-1V vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. iScience 2023; 26:107224. [PMID: 37502366 PMCID: PMC10299950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, continuously striking with an unpredictable evolution. Despite the success in vaccine production and mass vaccination programs, the situation is not still completely controlled, and therefore accessible second-generation vaccines are required to mitigate the pandemic. We previously developed an adjuvanted vaccine candidate coded PHH-1V, based on a heterodimer fusion protein comprising the RBD domain of two SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report data on the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of PHH-1V in cynomolgus macaques. PHH-1V prime-boost vaccination induces high levels of RBD-specific IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as a balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response. Remarkably, PHH-1V vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lower respiratory tract and significantly reduces viral load in the upper respiratory tract after an experimental infection. These results highlight the potential use of the PHH-1V vaccine in humans, currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Cañete
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Mercè Roca
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | - Carme Garriga
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (uVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Cebollada Rica
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Teresa Prat
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Ricard March
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
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