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Kuzumi A, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Fukasawa T, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. The Potential Role of Cannabidiol in Cosmetic Dermatology: A Literature Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024:10.1007/s40257-024-00891-y. [PMID: 39369127 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-024-00891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid with multiple pharmacological properties. Cannabidiol has attracted growing attention in the cosmetic industry, with an increasing number of CBD-containing skincare products on the market in recent years. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on the use of CBD for cosmetic purposes. Following an overview of CBD and the endocannabinoid system in the skin, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical studies that address the potential of CBD in cosmetic dermatology. Available in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that CBD has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, anti-acne, wound-healing, and anti-aging properties. However, only a few clinical studies have been conducted on the use of CBD in the skin. In addition, there is a critical need to develop an efficient drug-delivery system for topical/transdermal application of CBD. Further research, including clinical and pharmacokinetic studies, are needed to fully evaluate the role of CBD in cosmetic dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Kim L, Nan G, Kim HY, Cha M, Lee BH. Modulation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy by JZL195 through glia and the endocannabinoid system. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117515. [PMID: 39362070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) used to treat cancer, is a significant side effect with a complex pathophysiology, and its mechanisms remain unclear. Recent research highlights neuroinflammation, which is modulated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and associated with glial activation, and the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in CIPN. This study aimed to investigate the effects of JZL195, an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and explore the connection between cannabinoid receptors and TLR4 in glial cells. A CIPN animal model was developed using cisplatin-injected male C57BL/6 mice. Mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed through von Frey and acetone tests. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of catabolic enzymes, cannabinoid receptors, glial cells, and neuroinflammatory factors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the colocalization of cannabinoid receptors and TLR4 in glial cells. JZL195 alleviated pain by inhibiting FAAH/MAGL, modulating the ECS and neuroinflammatory factors, and suppressing glial cell activity. Additionally, cannabinoid receptors and TLR4 colocalized with astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of JZL195 in modulating the ECS and suggests a correlation between cannabinoid receptors and TLR4 in spinal glial cells, providing insight into alleviating pain and neuroinflammation in CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leejeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanghai Nan
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Brandes F, Keiler AM, Kirchner B, Borrmann M, Billaud JN, Reithmair M, Klein M, Campolongo P, Thieme D, Pfaffl MW, Schelling G, Meidert AS. Extracellular Vesicles and Endocannabinoid Signaling in Patients with COVID-19. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:1326-1338. [PMID: 37713293 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endocannabinoids in COVID-19 have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties but the functional role and the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling in this pandemic disorder is controversial. To exercise their biologic function, endocannabinoids need to travel across the intercellular space and within the blood stream to reach their target cells. How the lipophilic endocannabinoids are transported in the vascular system and how these hydrophobic compounds cross cell membranes is still unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released and incorporated by many cell types including immune cells. EVs are small lipid-membrane covered particles and contain RNA, lipids and proteins. They play an important role in intercellular communication by transporting these signaling molecules from their cells of origin to specific target cells. EVs may represent ideal transport vehicles for lipophilic signaling molecules like endocannabinoids and this effect could also be evident in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We measured the endocannabinoids anandamide, 2-AG, SEA, PEA and OEA in patients with COVID-19 in EVs and plasma. RNA sequencing of microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from EVs (EV-miRNAs) and mRNA transcripts from blood cells was used for the construction of signaling networks reflecting endocannabinoid and miRNA communication by EVs to target immune cells. Results: With the exception of anandamide, endocannabinoid concentrations were significantly enriched in EVs in comparison to plasma and increased with disease severity. No enrichment in EVs was seen for the more hydrophilic steroid hormones cortisol and testosterone. High EV-endocannabinoid concentrations were associated with downregulation of CNR2 (CB2) by upregulated EV-miRNA miR-146a-5p and upregulation of MGLL by downregulated EV-miR-199a-5p and EV-miR-370-5p suggesting counterregulatory effects. In contrast, low EV-levels of anandamide were associated with upregulation of CNR1 by downregulation of EV-miR-30c-5p and miR-26a-5p along with inhibition of FAAH. Immunologically active molecules in immune cells regulated by endocannabinoid signaling included VEGFA, GNAI2, IGF1, BDNF, IGF1R and CREB1 and CCND1 among others. Discussion and Conclusions: EVs carry immunologically functional endocannabinoids in COVID-19 along with miRNAs which may regulate the expression of mRNA transcripts involved in the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling and metabolism. This mechanism could fine-tune and adapt endocannabinoid effects in recipient cells in relationship to the present biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Melanie Borrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology «V. Erspamer», Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes S Meidert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Carnicelli V, De Dominicis N, Scipioni L, Fava M, Fanti F, Cinque B, Leuti A, Angelucci CB, Lizzi AR, Giacominelli-Stuffler R, Flati V, Sergi M, Compagnone D, Sardanelli AM, Tisi A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Protective effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in UVB-activated microglia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159524. [PMID: 38857757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders that has been extensively studied in recent years. Microglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are key players in this physiological process, demonstrating a remarkable adaptability in responding to various stimuli in the eye and the brain. Within the complex network of neuroinflammatory signals, the fatty acid N-ethanolamines, in particular N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), emerged as crucial regulators of microglial activity under both physiological and pathological states. In this study, we interrogated for the first time the impact of the signaling of these bioactive lipids on microglial cell responses to a sub-lethal acute UVB radiation, a physical stressor responsible of microglia reactivity in either the retina or the brain. To this end, we developed an in vitro model using mouse microglial BV-2 cells. Upon 24 h of UVB exposure, BV-2 cells showed elevated oxidative stress markers and, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression, enhanced phagocytic and chemotactic activities, along with an altered immune profiling. Notably, UVB exposure led to a selective increase in expression and activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the main enzyme responsible for degradation of fatty acid ethanolamides. Pharmacological FAAH inhibition via URB597 counteracted the effects of UVB exposure, decreasing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) release and reverting reactive oxidative species (ROS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels to the control levels. Our findings support the potential of enhanced fatty acid amide signaling in mitigating UVB-induced cellular damage, paving the way to further exploration of these lipids in light-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Carnicelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Noemi De Dominicis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Lucia Scipioni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Fava
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Fanti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Campus Universitario di Coste Sant'Agostino, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Rita Lizzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Campus Universitario di Coste Sant'Agostino, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sardanelli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sergio Oddi
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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5
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Zhu D, Zhang J, Ma X, Hu M, Gao F, Hashem JB, Lyu J, Wei J, Cui Y, Qiu S, Chen C. Overabundant endocannabinoids in neurons are detrimental to cognitive function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.17.613513. [PMID: 39345517 PMCID: PMC11430108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most prevalent endocannabinoid involved in maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that inactivating monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary enzyme responsible for degrading 2-AG in the brain, alleviates neuropathology and prevents synaptic and cognitive decline in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, we show that selectively inhibiting 2-AG metabolism in neurons impairs cognitive function in mice. This cognitive impairment appears to result from decreased expression of synaptic proteins and synapse numbers, impaired long-term synaptic plasticity and cortical circuit functional connectivity, and diminished neurogenesis. Interestingly, the synaptic and cognitive deficits induced by neuronal MAGL inactivation can be counterbalanced by inhibiting astrocytic 2-AG metabolism. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that inhibiting neuronal 2-AG degradation leads to widespread changes in expression of genes associated with synaptic function. These findings suggest that crosstalk in 2-AG signaling between astrocytes and neurons is crucial for maintaining synaptic and cognitive functions and that excessive 2-AG in neurons alone is detrimental to cognitive function.
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Di Meo C, Tortolani D, Standoli S, Ciaramellano F, Angelucci BC, Tisi A, Kadhim S, Hsu E, Rapino C, Maccarrone M. Cannabinol modulates the endocannabinoid system and shows TRPV1-mediated anti-inflammatory properties in human keratinocytes. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 39275884 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Cannabinol (CBN) is a secondary metabolite of cannabis whose beneficial activity on inflammatory diseases of human skin has attracted increasing attention. Here, we sought to investigate the possible modulation by CBN of the major elements of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), in both normal and lipopolysaccharide-inflamed human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). CBN was found to increase the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) at gene level and that of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) at protein level, as well as their functional activity. In addition, CBN modulated the metabolism of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglicerol (2-AG), by increasing the activities of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-the biosynthetic and degradative enzyme of AEA-and that of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the hydrolytic enzyme of 2-AG. CBN also affected keratinocyte inflammation by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-8, IL-12, and IL-31 and increasing the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Of note, the release of IL-31 was mediated by TRPV1. Finally, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway was investigated in inflamed keratinocytes, demonstrating a specific modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) upon treatment with CBN, in the presence or not of distinct ECS-directed drugs. Overall, these results demonstrate that CBN modulates distinct ECS elements and exerts anti-inflammatory effects-remarkably via TRPV1-in human keratinocytes, thus holding potential for both therapeutic and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniel Tortolani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Sara Standoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Salam Kadhim
- InMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Hsu
- InMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cinzia Rapino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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7
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Yu Q, Song C, Bi L, Zhao S, Lei Q, Yang N, Chen H, Wang Y, He Y, Deng H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of naphthyl amide derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 111:117844. [PMID: 39106652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and has attracted great interest due to its involvement in various physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. In the past, a number of covalent irreversible inhibitors have been reported for MAGL, however, experimental evidence highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of these irreversible agents. Therefore, efforts were mainly focused on the development of reversible MAGL inhibitor in recent years. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of naphthyl amide derivatives (12-39) as another type of reversible MAGL inhibitors, exemplified by ± 34, which displayed good MAGL inhibition with a pIC50 of 7.1, and the potency and selectivity against endogenous MAGL were further demonstrated by competitive ABPP. Moreover, the compound showed appreciable antiproliferative activities against several cancer cells, including H460, HT29, CT-26, Huh7 and HCCLM-3. The investigations culminated in the discovery of the naphthyl amide derivative ± 34, and it may represent as a new scaffold for MAGL inhibitor development, particularly for the reversible ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyun Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Bortolato M, Braccagni G, Pederson CA, Floris G, Fite PJ. "Weeding out" violence? Translational perspectives on the neuropsychobiological links between cannabis and aggression. AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR 2024; 78:101948. [PMID: 38828012 PMCID: PMC11141739 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent shifts in societal attitudes towards cannabis have led to a dramatic increase in consumption rates in many Western countries, particularly among young people. This trend has shed light on a significant link between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and pathological reactive aggression, a condition involving disproportionate aggressive and violent reactions to minor provocations. The discourse on the connection between cannabis use and aggression is frequently enmeshed in political and legal discussions, leading to a polarized understanding of the causative relationship between cannabis use and aggression. However, integrative analyses from both human and animal research indicate a complex, bidirectional interplay between cannabis misuse and pathological aggression. On the one hand, emerging research reveals a shared genetic and environmental predisposition for both cannabis use and aggression, suggesting a common underlying biological mechanism. On the other hand, there is evidence that cannabis consumption can lead to violent behaviors while also being used as a self-medication strategy to mitigate the negative emotions associated with pathological reactive aggression. This suggests that the coexistence of pathological aggression and CUD may result from overlapping vulnerabilities, potentially creating a self-perpetuating cycle where each condition exacerbates the other, escalating into externalizing and violent behaviors. This article aims to synthesize existing research on the intricate connections between these issues and propose a theoretical model to explain the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Giulia Braccagni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Casey A. Pederson
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paula J. Fite
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Lucitti JL, Laudermilk LT, Amato GS, Maitra R. The Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor ABX-1431 Does Not Improve Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:e1179-e1183. [PMID: 37253145 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). There is no FDA-approved drug to specifically treat ALD and current management approaches have limited efficacy. Past studies indicate that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition can have a positive impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the effect of MAGL inhibition in ALD has not been reported. Materials and Methods: We tested the highly selective and clinically evaluated MAGL inhibitor ABX-1431 in the Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet-induced model of ALD in C57BL/6 mice. Results: ABX-1431 failed to reduce ALD-associated steatosis and elevated levels of liver enzymes associated with hepatic injury. Furthermore, survival rate declined with increasing doses of ABX-1431 when compared with mice administered vehicle only. Conclusion: These data suggest that MAGL inhibition does not improve ALD and is unlikely to be a good strategy for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Lucitti
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas T Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - George S Amato
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Molla HM, Miguelez Fernández AMM, Tseng KY. Late-adolescent onset of prefrontal endocannabinoid control of hippocampal and amygdalar inputs and its impact on trace-fear conditioning behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1417-1424. [PMID: 38467844 PMCID: PMC11250818 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation during adolescence is characterized by structural and functional changes, which involve the remodeling of GABA and glutamatergic synapses, as well as changes in the endocannabinoid system. Yet, the way PFC endocannabinoid signaling interacts with local GABA and glutamatergic function to impact its processing of afferent transmission during the adolescent transition to adulthood remains unknown. Here we combined PFC local field potential recordings with local manipulations of 2-AG and anandamide levels to assess how PFC endocannabinoid signaling is recruited to modulate ventral hippocampal and basolateral amygdalar inputs in vivo in adolescent and adult male rats. We found that the PFC endocannabinoid signaling does not fully emerge until late-adolescence/young adulthood. Once present, both 2-AG and anandamide can be recruited in the PFC to limit the impact of hippocampal drive through a CB1R-mediated mechanism whereas basolateral amygdalar inputs are only inhibited by 2-AG. Similarly, the behavioral effects of increasing 2-AG and anandamide in the PFC do not emerge until late-adolescence/young adulthood. Using a trace fear conditioning paradigm, we found that elevating PFC 2-AG levels preferentially reduced freezing behavior during acquisition without affecting its extinction. In contrast, increasing anandamide levels in the PFC selectively disrupted the extinction of trace fear memory without affecting its acquisition. Collectively, these results indicate a protracted recruitment of PFC endocannabinoid signaling, which becomes online in late adolescence/young adulthood as revealed by its impact on hippocampal and amygdalar-evoked local field potential responses and trace fear memory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Molla
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Anabel M M Miguelez Fernández
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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11
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Ciuffreda P, Xynomilakis O, Casati S, Ottria R. Fluorescence-Based Enzyme Activity Assay: Ascertaining the Activity and Inhibition of Endocannabinoid Hydrolytic Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7693. [PMID: 39062935 PMCID: PMC11276806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, known for its regulatory role in various physiological processes, relies on the activities of several hydrolytic enzymes, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and α/β-hydrolase domains 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12), to maintain homeostasis. Accurate measurement of these enzymes' activities is crucial for understanding their function and for the development of potential therapeutic agents. Fluorometric assays, which offer high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, have become essential tools in enzymatic studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles behind these assays, the various substrates and fluorophores used, and advances in assay techniques used not only for the determination of the kinetic mechanisms of enzyme reactions but also for setting up kinetic assays for the high-throughput screening of each critical enzyme involved in endocannabinoid degradation. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to highlight the strengths and limitations of current fluorometric assays and suggest future directions for improving the measurement of enzyme activity in the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (O.X.); (S.C.)
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12
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Dionne O, Abolghasemi A, Corbin F, Çaku A. Implication of the endocannabidiome and metabolic pathways in fragile X syndrome pathophysiology. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115962. [PMID: 38763080 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) results from the silencing of the FMR1 gene and is the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disability and the most frequent monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder. It is well established that Fragile X individuals are subjected to a wide array of comorbidities, ranging from cognitive, behavioural, and medical origin. Furthermore, recent studies have also described metabolic impairments in FXS individuals. However, the molecular mechanisms linking FMRP deficiency to improper metabolism are still misunderstood. The endocannabinoidome (eCBome) is a lipid-based signalling system that regulates several functions across the body, ranging from cognition, behaviour and metabolism. Alterations in the eCBome have been described in FXS animal models and linked to neuronal hyperexcitability, a core deficit of the disease. However, the potential link between dysregulation of the eCBome and altered metabolism observed in FXS remains unexplored. As such, this review aims to overcome this issue by describing the most recent finding related to eCBome and metabolic dysfunctions in the context of FXS. A better comprehension of this association will help deepen our understanding of FXS pathophysiology and pave the way for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dionne
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - François Corbin
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
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13
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Wood CP, Alvarez C, DiPatrizio NV. Cholinergic Neurotransmission Controls Orexigenic Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Gut in Diet-Induced Obesity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0813232024. [PMID: 38594069 PMCID: PMC11097264 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0813-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain bidirectionally communicates with the gut to control food intake and energy balance, which becomes dysregulated in obesity. For example, endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling in the small-intestinal (SI) epithelium is upregulated in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and promotes overeating by a mechanism that includes inhibiting gut-brain satiation signaling. Upstream neural and molecular mechanism(s) involved in overproduction of orexigenic gut eCBs in DIO, however, are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that overactive parasympathetic signaling at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the SI increases biosynthesis of the eCB, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG), which drives hyperphagia via local CB1Rs in DIO. Male mice were maintained on a high-fat/high-sucrose Western-style diet for 60 d, then administered several mAChR antagonists 30 min prior to tissue harvest or a food intake test. Levels of 2-AG and the activity of its metabolic enzymes in the SI were quantitated. DIO mice, when compared to those fed a low-fat/no-sucrose diet, displayed increased expression of cFos protein in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, which suggests an increased activity of efferent cholinergic neurotransmission. These mice exhibited elevated levels of 2-AG biosynthesis in the SI, that was reduced to control levels by mAChR antagonists. Moreover, the peripherally restricted mAChR antagonist, methylhomatropine bromide, and the peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist, AM6545, reduced food intake in DIO mice for up to 24 h but had no effect in mice conditionally deficient in SI CB1Rs. These results suggest that hyperactivity at mAChRs in the periphery increases formation of 2-AG in the SI and activates local CB1Rs, which drives hyperphagia in DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P Wood
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
- University of California Riverside Center for Cannabinoid Research, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Camila Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
- University of California Riverside Center for Cannabinoid Research, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
- University of California Riverside Center for Cannabinoid Research, Riverside, California 92521
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14
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Mikkelsen JD, Aripaka SS, Egilmez CB, Pazarlar BA. Binding of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) radiotracer [ 3H]T-401 in the rat brain after status epilepticus. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105717. [PMID: 38447759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a cytosolic serine hydrolase considered a potential novel drug target for the treatment of CNS disorders including epilepsy. Here we examined MAGL levels in a rat model of epilepsy. METHODS Autoradiography has been used to validate the binding properties of the MAGL radiotracer, [3H]T-401, in the rat brain, and to explore spatial and temporal changes in binding levels in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy model using unilateral intra-hippocampal injections of kainic acid (KA) in rats. RESULTS Specific and saturable binding of [3H]T-401 was detected in both cortical grey and subcortical white matter. Saturation experiments revealed a KD in the range between 15 nM and 17 nM, and full saturation was achieved at concentrations around 30 nM. The binding could be completely blocked with the cold ligand (Ki 44.2 nM) and at higher affinity (Ki 1.27 nM) with another structurally different MAGL inhibitor, ABD 1970. Bilateral reduction in [3H]T-401 binding was observed in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus few days after status epilepticus that further declined to a level of around 30% compared to the control. No change in binding was observed in either the hypothalamus nor the white matter at any time point. Direct comparison to [3H]UCB-J binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A), another protein localized in the pre-synapse, revealed that while binding to MAGL remained low in the chronic phase, SV2A was increased significantly in some cortical areas. SIGNIFICANCE These data show that MAGL is reduced in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in a chronic epilepsy model and indicate that MAGL inhibitors may further reduce MAGL activity in the treatment resistant epilepsy patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens D Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sanjay S Aripaka
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cansu B Egilmez
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu A Pazarlar
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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He Y, Delparente A, Jie CVML, Keller C, Humm R, Heer D, Collin L, Schibli R, Gobbi L, Grether U, Mu L. Preclinical Evaluation of the Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase PET Tracer (R)-[ 11C]YH132: Application in Drug Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300819. [PMID: 38441502 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) plays a crucial role in the degradation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), one of the major endocannabinoids in the brain. Inhibiting MAGL could lead to increased levels of 2-AG, which showed beneficial effects on pain management, anxiety, inflammation, and neuroprotection. In the current study, we report the characterization of an enantiomerically pure (R)-[11C]YH132 as a novel MAGL PET tracer. It demonstrates an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to its racemate. High in vitro MAGL specificity of (R)-[11C]YH132 was confirmed by autoradiography studies using mouse and rat brain sections. In vivo, (R)-[11C]YH132 displayed a high brain penetration, and high specificity and selectivity toward MAGL by dynamic PET imaging using MAGL knockout and wild-type mice. Pretreatment with a MAGL drug candidate revealed a dose-dependent reduction of (R)-[11C]YH132 accumulation in WT mouse brains. This result validates its utility as a PET probe to assist drug development. Moreover, its potential application in neurodegenerative diseases was explored by in vitro autoradiography using brain sections from animal models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Present address: Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aro Delparente
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin V M L Jie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Humm
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Devinsky O, Jones NA, Cunningham MO, Jayasekera BAP, Devore S, Whalley BJ. Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:591-649. [PMID: 37882730 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used to treat convulsions and other disorders since ancient times. In the last few decades, preclinical animal studies and clinical investigations have established the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating epilepsy and seizures and support potential therapeutic benefits for cannabinoids in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the role of cannabinoids in epilepsy. We briefly review the diverse physiological processes mediating the central nervous system response to cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and terpenes. Next, we characterize the anti- and proconvulsive effects of cannabinoids from animal studies of acute seizures and chronic epileptogenesis. We then review the clinical literature on using cannabinoids to treat epilepsy, including anecdotal evidence and case studies as well as the more recent randomized controlled clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CBD for some types of epilepsy. Overall, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and focus future research on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Mark O Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ashan P Jayasekera
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Devore
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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17
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Hao Q, Shi J, Zhang Z, Yang G, Zhi Y, Wang K, Ma D, Fu S, Dong H, Zhi Z, Zhang W, Li T, Wang J. Discovery of a novel class of reversible monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors for potential treatment of depression. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116285. [PMID: 38428273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Biological studies on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have suggested that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an essential enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is a novel target for developing antidepressants. A decrease of 2-AG levels in the hippocampus of the brain has been observed in depressive-like models induced by chronic stress. Herein, employing a structure-based approach, we designed and synthesized a new class of (piperazine-1-carbonyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potent, reversible and selective MAGL inhibitors. And detailed structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies were discussed. Compound 27 (IC50 = 10.3 nM) exhibited high bioavailability (92.7%) and 2-AG elevation effect in vivo. Additionally, compound 27 exerted rapid antidepressant effects caused by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and didn't show signs of addictive properties in the conditioned place preference (CPP) assays. Our study is the first to report that reversible MAGL inhibitors can treat chronic stress-induced depression effectively, which may provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for the discovery of an original class of safe, rapid antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junwei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhilan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunbao Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dingchen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shengnan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhuoer Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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18
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Gupta S, Bharatha A, Cohall D, Rahman S, Haque M, Azim Majumder MA. Aerobic Exercise and Endocannabinoids: A Narrative Review of Stress Regulation and Brain Reward Systems. Cureus 2024; 16:e55468. [PMID: 38440201 PMCID: PMC10910469 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is a widely adopted practice, not solely for enhancing fitness and reducing the risk of various diseases but also for its ability to uplift mood and aid in addressing depression and anxiety disorders. Within the scope of this narrative review, we seek to consolidate current insights into the endocannabinoid-mediated regulation of stress and the brain's reward mechanism resulting from engaging in aerobic exercise. A comprehensive search was conducted across Medline, SPORTDiscus, Pubmed, and Scopus, encompassing data available until November 30, 2023. This review indicates that a bout of aerobic exercise, particularly of moderate intensity, markedly augments circulating levels of endocannabinoids - N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-acylglycerol (2-AG), that significantly contributes to mood elevation and reducing stress in healthy individuals. The current understanding of how aerobic exercise impacts mental health and mood improvement is still unclear. Moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise modulates stress through a negative feedback mechanism targeting both the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, thereby facilitating stress regulation crucial role in endocannabinoid synthesis, ultimately culminating in the orchestration of negative feedback across multiple tiers of the HPA axis, coupled with its influence over cortical and subcortical brain structures. The endocannabinoid has been observed to govern the release of neurotransmitters from diverse neuronal populations, implying a universal mechanism that fine-tunes neuronal activity and consequently modulates both emotional and stress-related responses. Endocannabinoids further assume a pivotal function within brain reward mechanisms, primarily mediated by CB1 receptors distributed across diverse cerebral centers. Notably, these endocannabinoids partake in natural reward processes, as exemplified in aerobic exercise, by synergizing with the dopaminergic reward system. The genesis of this reward pathway can be traced to the ventral tegmental area, with dopamine neurons predominantly projecting to the nucleus accumbens, thereby inciting dopamine release in response to rewarding stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Gupta
- Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, BRB
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, BRB
| | - Damian Cohall
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, BRB
| | - Sayeeda Rahman
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, BRB
| | - Mainul Haque
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC) School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, BRB
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19
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Kuzumi A, Yamashita T, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Cannabinoids for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15064. [PMID: 38532572 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the medical use of cannabinoids has attracted growing attention worldwide. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids led to their emergence as potential therapeutic options for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have also shown that cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed and have endogenous ligands in the skin, suggesting that the skin has its own endocannabinoid system. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Following an overview of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids in skin health and disease. We then review the clinical studies of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DM), psoriasis (Pso) and atopic dermatitis (AD). A primary literature search was conducted in July 2023, using PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 15 articles were included after excluding reviews, non-human studies and in vitro studies from 389 non-duplicated articles. Available evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be beneficial for SSc, DM, Pso and AD. However, further studies, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to further evaluate the use of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Zhou S, Ling X, Zhu J, Liang Y, Feng Q, Xie C, Li J, Chen Q, Chen S, Miao J, Zhang M, Li Z, Shen W, Li X, Wu Q, Wang X, Liu R, Wang C, Hou FF, Kong Y, Liu Y, Zhou L. MAGL protects against renal fibrosis through inhibiting tubular cell lipotoxicity. Theranostics 2024; 14:1583-1601. [PMID: 38389852 PMCID: PMC10879875 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Renal fibrosis, with no therapeutic approaches, is a common pathological feature in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Tubular cell injury plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis. Commonly, injured tubular cells exhibit significant lipid accumulation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods: 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels in CKD patients and CKD model specimens were measured using mass spectrometry. 2-AG-loaded nanoparticles were infused into unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Lipid accumulation and renal fibrosis were tested. Furthermore, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the hydrolyzing enzyme of 2-AG, was assessed in CKD patients and models. Tubular cell-specific MAGL knock-in mice were generated. Moreover, MAGL recombination protein was also administered to unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (UIRI) mice. Besides, a series of methods including RNA sequencing, metabolomics, primary cell culture, lipid staining, etc. were used. Results: 2-AG was increased in the serum or kidneys from CKD patients and models. Supplement of 2-AG further induced lipid accumulation and fibrogenesis through cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2)/β-catenin signaling. β-catenin knockout blocked 2-AG/CB2-induced fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) deficiency and lipid accumulation. Remarkably, MAGL significantly decreased in CKD, aligning with lipid accumulation and fibrosis. Specific transgene of MAGL in tubular cells significantly preserved FAO, inhibited lipid-mediated toxicity in tubular cells, and finally retarded fibrogenesis. Additionally, supplementation of MAGL in UIRI mice also preserved FAO function, inhibited lipid accumulation, and protected against renal fibrosis. Conclusion: MAGL is a potential diagnostic marker for kidney function decline, and also serves as a new therapeutic target for renal fibrosis through ameliorating lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jielin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Care, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ye Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jiemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Shuangqin Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jinhua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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He Y, Krämer SD, Grether U, Wittwer MB, Collin L, Kuhn B, Topp A, Heer D, O'Hara F, Honer M, Pavlovic A, Richter H, Ritter M, Rombach D, Keller C, Gobbi L, Mu L. Identification of ( R)-[ 18F]YH134 for Monoacylglycerol Lipase Neuroimaging and Exploration of Its Use for Central Nervous System and Peripheral Drug Development. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:300-305. [PMID: 38164615 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate (R)-[18F]YH134 as a novel PET tracer for imaging monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Considering the ubiquitous expression of MAGL throughout the whole body, the impact of various MAGL inhibitors on (R)-[18F]YH134 brain uptake and its application in brain-periphery crosstalk were explored. Methods: MAGL knockout and wild-type mice were used to evaluate (R)-[18F]YH134 in in vitro autoradiography and PET experiments. To explore the impact of peripheral MAGL occupancy on (R)-[18F]YH134 brain uptake, PET kinetics with an arterial input function were studied in male Wistar rats under baseline and blocking conditions. Results: In in vitro autoradiography, (R)-[18F]YH134 revealed a heterogeneous distribution pattern with high binding to MAGL-rich brain regions in wild-type mouse brain slices, whereas the radioactive signal was negligible in MAGL knockout mouse brain slices. The in vivo brain PET images of (R)-[18F]YH134 in wild-type and MAGL knockout mice demonstrated its high specificity and selectivity in mouse brain. A Logan plot with plasma input function was applied to estimate the distribution volume (V T) of (R)-[18F]YH134. V T was significantly reduced by a brain-penetrant MAGL inhibitor but was unchanged by a peripherally restricted MAGL inhibitor. The MAGL target occupancy in the periphery was estimated using (R)-[18F]YH134 PET imaging data from the brain. Conclusion: (R)-[18F]YH134 is a highly specific and selective PET tracer with favorable kinetic properties for imaging MAGL in rodent brain. Our results showed that blocking of the peripheral target influences brain uptake but not the V T of (R)-[18F]YH134. (R)-[18F]YH134 can be used for estimating the dose of MAGL inhibitor at half-maximal peripheral target occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang He
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias B Wittwer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Topp
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fionn O'Hara
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anto Pavlovic
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Richter
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ritter
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Rombach
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
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22
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Cortes-Justo E, Garfias-Ramírez SH, Vilches-Flores A. The function of the endocannabinoid system in the pancreatic islet and its implications on metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Islets 2023; 15:1-11. [PMID: 36598083 PMCID: PMC9815253 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2163826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The following review focuses on the scientific studies related to the role of endocannabinoid system (ECS) in pancreatic islet physiology and dysfunction. Different natural or synthetic agonists and antagonists have been suggested as an alternative treatment for diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therapeutic use of Cannabis led to the discovery and characterization of the ECS, a signaling complex involved in regulation of various physiological processes, including food intake and metabolism. After the development of different agonists and antagonists, evidence have demonstrated the presence and activity of cannabinoid receptors in several organs and tissues, including pancreatic islets. Insulin and glucagon expression, stimulated secretion, and the development of diabetes and other metabolic disorders have been associated with the activity and modulation of ECS in pancreatic islets. However, according to the animal model and experimental design, either endogenous or pharmacological ligands of cannabinoid receptors have guided to contradictory and paradoxical results that suggest a complex physiological interaction. In consensus, ECS activity modulates insulin and glucagon secretions according to glucose in media; over-stimulation of cannabinoid receptors affects islets negatively, leading to glucose intolerance, meanwhile the treatment with antagonists in diabetic models and humans suggests an improvement in islets function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cortes-Justo
- Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico
| | - Sergio H Garfias-Ramírez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Alonso Vilches-Flores
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
- CONTACT Alonso Vilches-Flores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Edif.A4 Lab 4, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla54090, Mexico
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23
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Paredes-Ruiz KJ, Chavira-Ramos K, Galvan-Arzate S, Rangel-López E, Karasu Ç, Túnez I, Skalny AV, Ke T, Aschner M, Orozco-Morales M, Colín-González AL, Santamaría A. Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition Prevents Short-Term Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain Synaptosomal/Mitochondrial Fractions and Cortical Slices: Role of Cannabinoid Receptors. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:514-525. [PMID: 37458923 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid hydrolysis represents an invaluable emerging tool for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for degrading 2-arachydonoylglycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endocannabinoid in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we tested the effects of the selective MAGL inhibitor JZL184 on the 3-nitropropinic acid (3-NP)-induced short-term loss of mitochondrial reductive capacity/viability and oxidative damage in rat brain synaptosomal/mitochondrial fractions and cortical slices. In synaptosomes, while 3-NP decreased mitochondrial function and increased lipid peroxidation, JZL184 attenuated both markers. The protective effects evoked by JZL184 on the 3-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction were primarily mediated by activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), as evidenced by their inhibition by the selective CB2R inverse agonist JTE907. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) also participated in this effect in a lesser extent, as evidenced by the CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist AM281. In contrast, activation of CB1R, but not CB2R, was responsible for the protective effects of JZL184 on the 3-NP-iduced lipid peroxidation. Protective effects of JZL184 were confirmed in other toxic models involving excitotoxicity and oxidative damage as internal controls. In cortical slices, JZL184 ameliorated the 3-NP-induced loss of mitochondrial function, the increase in lipid peroxidation, and the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex II) activity, and these effects were independent on CB1R and CB2R, as evidenced by the lack of effects of AM281 and JTE907, respectively. Our novel results provide experimental evidence that the differential protective effects exerted by JZL184 on the early toxic effects induced by 3-NP in brain synaptosomes and cortical slices involve MAGL inhibition, and possibly the subsequent accumulation of 2-AG. These effects involve pro-energetic and redox modulatory mechanisms that may be either dependent or independent of cannabinoid receptors' activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jaqueline Paredes-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Chavira-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Galvan-Arzate
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología Y Neurocirugía, S.S.A, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Çimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University, 06500, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Maimonides de Córdoba (IMIBIC); Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba Red Española de Excelencia en Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 11354, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 11354, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mario Orozco-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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24
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Richardson BJ, Hamilton J, Roeder N, Thanos KZ, Marion M, Thanos PK. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 differentially impacts dopamine signaling independent of sex and environment. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100118. [PMID: 37664218 PMCID: PMC10470066 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal/brain fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) plays an integral role in the intracellular trafficking of bioactive lipids/endocannabinoids and the subsequent initiation of cellular cascades affecting cannabinoid and dopamine (DA) systems. Social isolation (SI) and environmental enrichment (EE) during adolescence have been shown to impact DA signaling, and, specifically, DA transporter (DAT) and receptor levels of DA type 1 (D1) and 2 (D2); however, the relationship between FABP5, environment and DA signaling remains unclear. The present study quantified DAT and DA receptor levels in male/female FABP5-/- and FABP5+/+ mice raised in either SI or EE. Results showed that FABP5-/- mice had 6.09-8.81% greater D1 levels in striatal sub-regions of the caudal brain, independent of sex or environment. D1 levels were 8.03% greater only in the olfactory tubercle of enrichment-reared animals. In summary, these results supported that FABP5 plays an important function in regulating striatal DA signaling, and this may have important implications as a target with therapeutic potential for various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J. Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kyriaki Z. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
| | - Matthew Marion
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203-1016, USA
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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25
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Rorabaugh BR, Guindon J, Morgan DJ. Role of Cannabinoid Signaling in Cardiovascular Function and Ischemic Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:265-276. [PMID: 37739804 PMCID: PMC10658922 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents a leading cause of death, morbidity, and societal economic burden. The prevalence of cannabis use has significantly increased due to legalization and an increased societal acceptance of cannabis. Therefore, it is critically important that we gain a greater understanding of the effects and risks of cannabinoid use on cardiovascular diseases as well as the potential for cannabinoid-directed drugs to be used as therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of cannabinoid receptors in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia and explores their use as therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Endocannabinoids are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis, and activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) generally leads to an enhancement of plaque formation and atherosclerosis. In contrast, selective activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) appears to exert protective effects against atherosclerosis. Endocannabinoid signaling is also activated by myocardial ischemia. CB2R signaling appears to protect the heart from ischemic injury, whereas the role of CB1R in ischemic injury is less clear. This narrative review serves to summarize current research on the role of cannabinoid signaling in cardiovascular function with the goal of identifying critical knowledge gaps and future studies to address those gaps in a way that facilitates the development of new treatments and better cardiovascular health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, are a leading cause of death. Cannabinoid drugs have well known acute effects on cardiovascular function, including tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. The recent legalization of marijuana and cannabinoids for both medical and recreational use has dramatically increased their prevalence of use. This narrative review on the role of cannabinoid signaling in cardiovascular disease contributes to a better understanding of this topic by integrating current knowledge and identifying critical gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.J.M.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (B.R.R.), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas (J.G.)
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.J.M.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (B.R.R.), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas (J.G.)
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.J.M.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (B.R.R.), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas (J.G.)
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26
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Briânis RC, Andreotti JP, Moreira FA, Iglesias LP. Interplay between endocannabinoid and endovanilloid mechanisms in fear conditioning. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37982167 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V (vanilloid), member 1 (TRPV1) mediates pain perception to thermal and chemical stimuli in peripheral neurons. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), on the other hand, promotes analgesia in both the periphery and the brain. TRPV1 and CB1 have also been implicated in learned fear, which involves the association of a previously neutral stimulus with an aversive event. In this review, we elaborate on the interplay between CB1 receptors and TRPV1 channels in learned fear processing. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for a narrative review on endocannabinoid and endovanilloid mechanisms on fear conditioning. RESULTS TRPV1 and CB1 receptors are activated by a common endogenous agonist, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide), Moreover, they are expressed in common neuroanatomical structures and recruit converging cellular pathways, acting in concert to modulate fear learning. However, evidence suggests that TRPV1 exerts a facilitatory role, whereas CB1 restrains fear responses. CONCLUSION TRPV1 and CB1 seem to mediate protective and aversive roles of anandamide, respectively. However, more research is needed to achieve a better understanding of how these receptors interact to modulate fear learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa C Briânis
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia P Andreotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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27
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Boachie N, Gaudette E, Bazinet RP, Lin L, Tyndale RF, Mansouri E, Huestis MA, Tong J, Le Foll B, Kish SJ, George TP, Boileau I. Circulating Endocannabinoids and N-Acylethanolamines in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder-Preliminary Findings. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1375. [PMID: 37891745 PMCID: PMC10605789 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids with important physiological functions and putative roles in mental health and addictions. Although chronic cannabis use is associated with endocannabinoid system changes, the status of circulating endocannabinoids and related NAEs in people with cannabis use disorder (CUD) is uncertain. METHODS Eleven individuals with CUD and 54 healthy non-cannabis using control participants (HC) provided plasma for measurement by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of endocannabinoids (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA)) and related NAE fatty acids (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA)). Participants were genotyped for the functional gene variant of FAAH (rs324420, C385A) which may affect concentrations of AEA as well as other NAEs (OEA, DHEA). RESULTS In overnight abstinent CUD, AEA, OEA and DHEA concentrations were significantly higher (31-40%; p < 0.05) and concentrations of the endocannabinoid 2-AG were marginally elevated (55%, p = 0.13) relative to HC. There were no significant correlations between endocannabinoids/NAE concentrations and cannabis analytes, self-reported cannabis use frequency or withdrawal symptoms. DHEA concentration was inversely related with marijuana craving (r = -0.86; p = 0.001). Genotype had no significant effect on plasma endocannabinoids/NAE concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings, requiring replication, might suggest that activity of the endocannabinoid system is elevated in chronic cannabis users. It is unclear whether this elevation is a compensatory response or a predating state. Studies examining endocannabinoids and NAEs during prolonged abstinence as well as the potential role of DHEA in craving are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boachie
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Erin Gaudette
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Severna Park, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Addictions Division and Institute of Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Addictions Division and Institute of Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Addictions Division and Institute of Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
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Maccarrone M, Di Marzo V, Gertsch J, Grether U, Howlett AC, Hua T, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D, Ueda N, van der Stelt M. Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:885-958. [PMID: 37164640 PMCID: PMC10441647 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in the Western world and is consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of the world population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation in society regarding the risk perception of cannabis, driven by its legalization and medical use in many states in the United States and worldwide. Compelling research evidence and the Food and Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed the large therapeutic potential of cannabidiol itself, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids). Of note, our body has a complex endocannabinoid system (ECS)-made of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters-that is also regulated by phytocannabinoids. The first endocannabinoid to be discovered 30 years ago was anandamide (N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine); since then, distinct elements of the ECS have been the target of drug design programs aimed at curing (or at least slowing down) a number of human diseases, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Here a critical review of our knowledge of the goods and bads of the ECS as a therapeutic target is presented to define the benefits of ECS-active phytocannabinoids and ECS-oriented synthetic drugs for human health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endocannabinoid system plays important roles virtually everywhere in our body and is either involved in mediating key processes of central and peripheral diseases or represents a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of the components of this complex system, and in particular of key receptors (like cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2) and metabolic enzymes (like fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), will advance our understanding of endocannabinoid signaling and activity at molecular, cellular, and system levels, providing new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Uwe Grether
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
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29
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Allaire M, Al Sayegh R, Mabire M, Hammoutene A, Siebert M, Caër C, Cadoux M, Wan J, Habib A, Le Gall M, de la Grange P, Guillou H, Postic C, Paradis V, Lotersztajn S, Gilgenkrantz H. Monoacylglycerol lipase reprograms hepatocytes and macrophages to promote liver regeneration. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100794. [PMID: 37520673 PMCID: PMC10382928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver regeneration is a repair process in which metabolic reprogramming of parenchymal and inflammatory cells plays a major role. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an ubiquitous enzyme at the crossroad between lipid metabolism and inflammation. It converts monoacylglycerols into free fatty acids and metabolises 2-arachidonoylglycerol into arachidonic acid, being thus the major source of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins in the liver. In this study, we investigated the role of MAGL in liver regeneration. Methods Hepatocyte proliferation was studied in vitro in hepatoma cell lines and ex vivo in precision-cut human liver slices. Liver regeneration was investigated in mice treated with a pharmacological MAGL inhibitor, MJN110, as well as in animals globally invalidated for MAGL (MAGL-/-) and specifically invalidated in hepatocytes (MAGLHep-/-) or myeloid cells (MAGLMye-/-). Two models of liver regeneration were used: acute toxic carbon tetrachloride injection and two-thirds partial hepatectomy. MAGLMye-/- liver macrophages profiling was analysed by RNA sequencing. A rescue experiment was performed by in vivo administration of interferon receptor antibody in MAGLMye-/- mice. Results Precision-cut human liver slices from patients with chronic liver disease and human hepatocyte cell lines exposed to MJN110 showed reduced hepatocyte proliferation. Mice with global invalidation or mice treated with MJN110 showed blunted liver regeneration. Moreover, mice with specific deletion of MAGL in either hepatocytes or myeloid cells displayed delayed liver regeneration. Mechanistically, MAGLHep-/- mice showed reduced liver eicosanoid production, in particular prostaglandin E2 that negatively impacts on hepatocyte proliferation. MAGL inhibition in macrophages resulted in the induction of the type I interferon pathway. Importantly, neutralising the type I interferon pathway restored liver regeneration of MAGLMye-/- mice. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that MAGL promotes liver regeneration by hepatocyte and macrophage reprogramming. Impact and Implications By using human liver samples and mouse models of global or specific cell type invalidation, we show that the monoacylglycerol pathway plays an essential role in liver regeneration. We unveil the mechanisms by which MAGL expressed in both hepatocytes and macrophages impacts the liver regeneration process, via eicosanoid production by hepatocytes and the modulation of the macrophage interferon pathway profile that restrains hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Allaire
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie, Paris, France
| | - Rola Al Sayegh
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Mabire
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Adel Hammoutene
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Matthieu Siebert
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
- Surgery Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles Caër
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Cadoux
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - JingHong Wan
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | | | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, PS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Gilgenkrantz
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
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30
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Piscura MK, Henderson-Redmond AN, Barnes RC, Mitra S, Guindon J, Morgan DJ. Mechanisms of cannabinoid tolerance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115665. [PMID: 37348821 PMCID: PMC10528043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis has been used recreationally and medically for centuries, yet research into understanding the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects has only recently garnered more attention. There is evidence to support the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic pain, muscle spasticity, nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, improving weight gain in HIV-related cachexia, emesis, sleep disorders, managing symptoms in Tourette syndrome, and patient-reported muscle spasticity from multiple sclerosis. However, tolerance and the risk for cannabis use disorder are two significant disadvantages for cannabinoid-based therapies in humans. Recent work has revealed prominent sex differences in the acute response and tolerance to cannabinoids in both humans and animal models. This review will discuss evidence demonstrating cannabinoid tolerance in rodents, non-human primates, and humans and our current understanding of the neuroadaptations occurring at the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) that are responsible tolerance. CB1R expression is downregulated in tolerant animals and humans while there is strong evidence of CB1R desensitization in cannabinoid tolerant rodent models. Throughout the review, critical knowledge gaps are indicated and discussed, such as the lack of a neuroimaging probe to assess CB1R desensitization in humans. The review discusses the intracellular signaling pathways that are responsible for mediating CB1R desensitization and downregulation including the action of G protein-coupled receptor kinases, β-arrestin2 recruitment, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, protein kinase A, and the intracellular trafficking of CB1R. Finally, the review discusses approaches to reduce cannabinoid tolerance in humans based on our current understanding of the neuroadaptations and mechanisms responsible for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Piscura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | | | - Robert C Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Bouchet CA, McPherson KB, Coutens B, Janowsky A, Ingram SL. Monoacylglycerol Lipase Protects the Presynaptic Cannabinoid 1 Receptor from Desensitization by Endocannabinoids after Persistent Inflammation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5458-5467. [PMID: 37414560 PMCID: PMC10376933 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0037-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid-targeted pain therapies are increasing with the expansion of cannabis legalization, however, their efficacy may be limited by pain-induced adaptations in the cannabinoid system. Cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1R) inhibition of spontaneous, GABAergic miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) and evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) were compared in slices from naive and inflamed male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injections into the hindpaw induced persistent inflammation. In naive rats, exogenous cannabinoid agonists robustly reduce both eIPSCs and mIPSCs. After 5-7 d of inflammation, the effects of exogenous cannabinoids are significantly reduced because of CB1R desensitization via GRK2/3, as function is recovered in the presence of the GRK2/3 inhibitor, Compound 101 (Cmp101). Inhibition of GABA release by presynaptic μ-opioid receptors in the vlPAG does not desensitize with persistent inflammation. Unexpectedly, while CB1R desensitization significantly reduces the inhibition produced by exogenous agonists, depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition protocols that promote 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) synthesis exhibit prolonged CB1R activation after inflammation. 2-AG tone is detected in slices from CFA-treated rats when GRK2/3 is blocked, suggesting an increase in 2-AG synthesis after persistent inflammation. Inhibiting 2-AG degradation with the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor JZL184 during inflammation results in the desensitization of CB1Rs by endocannabinoids that is reversed with Cmp101. Collectively, these data indicate that persistent inflammation primes CB1Rs for desensitization, and MAGL degradation of 2-AG protects CB1Rs from desensitization in inflamed rats. These adaptations with inflammation have important implications for the development of cannabinoid-based pain therapeutics targeting MAGL and CB1Rs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Presynaptic G-protein-coupled receptors are resistant to desensitization. Here we find that persistent inflammation increases endocannabinoid levels, priming presynaptic cannabinoid 1 receptors for desensitization on subsequent addition of exogenous agonists. Despite the reduced efficacy of exogenous agonists, endocannabinoids have prolonged efficacy after persistent inflammation. Endocannabinoids readily induce cannabinoid 1 receptor desensitization if their degradation is blocked, indicating that endocannabinoid concentrations are maintained at subdesensitizing levels and that degradation is critical for maintaining endocannabinoid regulation of presynaptic GABA release in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray during inflammatory states. These adaptations with inflammation have important implications for the development of cannabinoid-based pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Bouchet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vollum Institute, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Kylie B McPherson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Basile Coutens
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Susan L Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Oddi S, Fiorenza MT, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis: A mechanistic and integrated perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101239. [PMID: 37385352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus continuously gives rise to new neurons, namely, adult-born granule cells, which contribute to conferring plasticity to the mature brain throughout life. Within this neurogenic region, the fate and behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny result from a complex balance and integration of a variety of cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell-interaction signals and underlying pathways. Among these structurally and functionally diverse signals, there are endocannabinoids (eCBs), the main brain retrograde messengers. These pleiotropic bioactive lipids can directly and/or indirectly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by modulating, both positively and negatively, multiple molecular and cellular processes in the hippocampal niche, depending on the cell type or stage of differentiation. Firstly, eCBs act directly as cell-intrinsic factors, cell-autonomously produced by NSCs following their stimulation. Secondly, in many, if not all, niche-associated cells, including some local neuronal and nonneuronal elements, the eCB system indirectly modulates the neurogenesis, linking neuronal and glial activity to regulating distinct stages of AHN. Herein, we discuss the crosstalk of the eCB system with other neurogenesis-relevant signal pathways and speculate how the hippocampus-dependent neurobehavioral effects elicited by (endo)cannabinergic medications are interpretable in light of the key regulatory role that eCBs play on AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Oddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Infantes-López MI, Nieto-Quero A, Chaves-Peña P, Zambrana-Infantes E, Cifuentes M, Márquez J, Pedraza C, Pérez-Martín M. New insights into hypothalamic neurogenesis disruption after acute and intense stress: implications for microglia and inflammation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1190418. [PMID: 37425000 PMCID: PMC10327603 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the hypothalamus has emerged as a new neurogenic area, capable of generating new neurons after development. Neurogenesis-dependent neuroplasticity seems to be critical to continuously adapt to internal and environmental changes. Stress is a potent environmental factor that can produce potent and enduring effects on brain structure and function. Acute and chronic stress is known to cause alterations in neurogenesis and microglia in classical adult neurogenic regions such as the hippocampus. The hypothalamus is one of the major brain regions implicated in homeostatic stress and emotional stress systems, but little is known about the effect of stress on the hypothalamus. Here, we studied the impact of acute and intense stress (water immersion and restrain stress, WIRS), which may be considered as an inducer of an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder, on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in the hypothalamus of adult male mice, focusing on three nuclei: PVN, VMN and ARC, and also in the periventricular area. Our data revealed that a unique stressor was sufficient to provoke a significant impact on hypothalamic neurogenesis by inducing a reduction in the proliferation and number of immature neurons identified as DCX+ cells. These differences were accompanied by marked microglial activation in the VMN and ARC, together with a concomitant increase in IL-6 levels, indicating that WIRS induced an inflammatory response. To investigate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for neuroplastic and inflammatory changes, we tried to identify proteomic changes. The data revealed that WIRS induced changes in the hypothalamic proteome, modifying the abundance of three and four proteins after 1 h or 24 h of stress application, respectively. These changes were also accompanied by slight changes in the weight and food intake of the animals. These results are the first to show that even a short-term environmental stimulus such as acute and intense stress can have neuroplastic, inflammatory, functional and metabolic consequences on the adult hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inmaculada Infantes-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Chaves-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
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Ebrahimi N, Far NP, Fakhr SS, Faghihkhorasani F, Miraghel SA, Chaleshtori SR, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Beiranvand S, Baziyar P, Manavi MS, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Ren J, Aref AR. The endocannabinoid system, a new gatekeeper in the pharmacology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115914. [PMID: 37062475 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous prevention methodologies and treatment options, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains as the third leading life-threatening cancer. It is thus pertinent to develop new treatment modality to fight this devastating carcinoma. Ample recent studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and antitumor roles of the endocannabinoid system in various forms of cancers. Preclinical studies have also confirmed that cannabinoid therapy can be an optimal regimen for cancer treatments. The endocannabinoid system is involved in many cancer-related processes, including induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptosis, autophagy, PITRK and ERK signaling pathways, cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes. Moreover, changes in signaling transduction of the endocannabinoid system can be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. Due to its pivotal role in lipid metabolism, the endocannabinoid system affects metabolic reprogramming as well as lipid content of exosomes. In addition, due to the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), several studies have examined the relationship between microRNAs and the endocannabinoid system in HCC. However, HCC is a pathological condition with high heterogeneity, and therefore using the endocannabinoid system for treatment has faced many controversies. While some studies favored a role of the endocannabinoid system in carcinogenesis and tumor induction, others exhibited the anticancer potential of endocannabinoids in HCC. In this review, specific studies delineating the relationship between endocannabinoids and HCC are examined. Based on collected findings, detailed studies of the molecular mechanism of endocannabinoids as well as preclinical studies for investigating therapeutic or carcinogenic impacts in HCC cancer are strongly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Pazhouhesh Far
- Department of Microbiology,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus, Hamar, Norway
| | | | - Seyed Ali Miraghel
- Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Uinversity of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
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Chen C. Inhibiting degradation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108394. [PMID: 36966972 PMCID: PMC10123871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid signaling mediators that participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid and is a full agonist of G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), which are targets of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis. While 2-AG has been well recognized as a retrograde messenger modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity at both inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the brain, growing evidence suggests that 2-AG also functions as an endogenous terminator of neuroinflammation in response to harmful insults, thus maintaining brain homeostasis. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme that degrades 2-AG in the brain. The immediate metabolite of 2-AG is arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes. Several lines of evidence indicate that pharmacological or genetic inactivation of MAGL, which boosts 2-AG levels and reduces its hydrolytic metabolites, resolves neuroinflammation, mitigates neuropathology, and improves synaptic and cognitive functions in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neurodegenerative disease. Thus, it has been proposed that MAGL is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As the main enzyme hydrolyzing 2-AG, several MAGL inhibitors have been identified and developed. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which inactivation of MAGL produces neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases remains limited. A recent finding that inhibition of 2-AG metabolism in astrocytes, but not in neurons, protects the brain from TBI-induced neuropathology might shed some light on this unsolved issue. This review provides an overview of MAGL as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and discusses possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of restraining degradation of 2-AG in the brain.
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Steiger LJ, Tsintsadze T, Mattheisen GB, Smith SM. Somatic and terminal CB1 receptors are differentially coupled to voltage-gated sodium channels in neocortical neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112247. [PMID: 36933217 PMCID: PMC10106091 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoid signaling is vital for important brain functions, and the same pathways can be modified pharmacologically to treat pain, epilepsy, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Endocannabinoid-mediated changes to excitability are predominantly attributed to 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) acting presynaptically via the canonical cannabinoid receptor, CB1. Here, we identify a mechanism in the neocortex by which anandamide (AEA), another major endocannabinoid, but not 2-AG, powerfully inhibits somatically recorded voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) currents in the majority of neurons. This pathway involves intracellular CB1 that, when activated by anandamide, decreases the likelihood of recurrent action potential generation. WIN 55,212-2 similarly activates CB1 and inhibits VGSC currents, indicating that this pathway is also positioned to mediate the actions of exogenous cannabinoids on neuronal excitability. The coupling between CB1 and VGSCs is absent at nerve terminals, and 2-AG does not block somatic VGSC currents, indicating functional compartmentalization of the actions of two endocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Steiger
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Timur Tsintsadze
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Glynis B Mattheisen
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Emons B, Arning L, Makulla VE, Suchy MT, Tsikas D, Lücke T, Epplen JT, Juckel G, Roser P. Endocannabinergic modulation of central serotonergic activity in healthy human volunteers. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:11. [PMID: 36932421 PMCID: PMC10024405 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonergic and the endocannabinoid system are involved in the etiology of depression. Depressive patients exhibit low serotonergic activity and decreased level of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2AG). Since the cannabinoid (CB) 1 receptor is activated by endogenous ligands such as AEA and 2AG, whose concentration are controlled by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase, respectively, we investigated the effects on serotonergic utilization. In this study, we investigated the impact of the rs1049353 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene, which codes the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor, and the rs324420 SNP of the FAAH gene on the serotonergic and endocannabinoid system in 59 healthy volunteers. METHODS Serotonergic activity was measured by loudness dependence of auditory-evoked potentials (LDAEP). Plasma concentrations of AEA, 2AG and its inactive isomer 1AG were determined by mass spectrometry. Genotyping of two SNPs (rs1049353, rs344420) was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and differential enzymatic analysis with the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS Genotype distributions by serotonergic activity or endocannabinoid concentration showed no differences. However, after detailed consideration of the CNR1-A-allele-carriers, a reduced AEA (A-allele-carrier M = 0.66, SD = 0.24; GG genotype M = 0.72, SD = 0.24) and 2AG (A-allele-carriers M = 0.70, SD = 0.33; GG genotype M = 1.03, SD = 0.83) plasma concentration and an association between the serotonergic activity and the concentrations of AEA and 2AG has been observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that carriers of the CNR1-A allele may be more susceptible to developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Emons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera-Estelle Makulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrik Roser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany
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Deciphering Complex Interactions in Bioactive Lipid Signaling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062622. [PMID: 36985594 PMCID: PMC10057854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are usually viewed as metabolic fuel and structural membrane components. Yet, in recent years, different families of lipids able to act as authentic messengers between cells and/or intracellularly have been discovered. Such lipid signals have been shown to exert their biological activity via specific receptors that, by triggering distinct signal transduction pathways, regulate manifold pathophysiological processes in our body. Here, endogenous bioactive lipids produced from arachidonic acid (AA) and other poly-unsaturated fatty acids will be presented, in order to put into better perspective the relevance of their mutual interactions for health and disease conditions. To this end, metabolism and signal transduction pathways of classical eicosanoids, endocannabinoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators will be described, and the intersections and commonalities of their metabolic enzymes and binding receptors will be discussed. Moreover, the interactions of AA-derived signals with other bioactive lipids such as shingosine-1-phosphate and steroid hormones will be addressed.
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Pintori N, Caria F, De Luca MA, Miliano C. THC and CBD: Villain versus Hero? Insights into Adolescent Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065251. [PMID: 36982327 PMCID: PMC10048857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most used drug of abuse worldwide. It is well established that the most abundant phytocannabinoids in this plant are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These two compounds have remarkably similar chemical structures yet vastly different effects in the brain. By binding to the same receptors, THC is psychoactive, while CBD has anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. Lately, a variety of hemp-based products, including CBD and THC, have become widely available in the food and health industry, and medical and recreational use of cannabis has been legalized in many states/countries. As a result, people, including youths, are consuming CBD because it is considered “safe”. An extensive literature exists evaluating the harmful effects of THC in both adults and adolescents, but little is known about the long-term effects of CBD exposure, especially in adolescence. The aim of this review is to collect preclinical and clinical evidence about the effects of cannabidiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-6758633
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Barchi M, Guida E, Dolci S, Rossi P, Grimaldi P. Endocannabinoid system and epigenetics in spermatogenesis and testicular cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:75-106. [PMID: 36863802 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, male germ cell development starts during fetal life and is carried out in postnatal life with the formation of sperms. Spermatogenesis is the complex and highly orderly process during which a group of germ stem cells is set at birth, starts to differentiate at puberty. It proceeds through several stages: proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis and it is strictly regulated by a complex network of hormonal, autocrine and paracrine factors and it is associated with a unique epigenetic program. Altered epigenetic mechanisms or inability to respond to these factors can impair the correct process of germ development leading to reproductive disorders and/or testicular germ cell cancer. Among factors regulating spermatogenesis an emerging role is played by the endocannabinoid system (ECS). ECS is a complex system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), their synthetic and degrading enzymes, and cannabinoid receptors. Mammalian male germ cells have a complete and active ECS which is modulated during spermatogenesis and that crucially regulates processes such as germ cell differentiation and sperm functions. Recently, cannabinoid receptor signaling has been reported to induce epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Epigenetic modifications may also affect the expression and function of ECS elements, highlighting the establishment of a complex mutual interaction. Here, we describe the developmental origin and differentiation of male germ cells and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) focusing on the interplay between ECS and epigenetic mechanisms involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Guida
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Ahluwalia M, Mcmichael H, Kumar M, Espinosa MP, Bosomtwi A, Lu Y, Khodadadi H, Jarrahi A, Khan MB, Hess DC, Rahimi SY, Vender JR, Vale FL, Braun M, Baban B, Dhandapani KM, Vaibhav K. Altered endocannabinoid metabolism compromises the brain-CSF barrier and exacerbates chronic deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114320. [PMID: 36627040 PMCID: PMC9904276 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids [2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA)], endogenously produced arachidonate-based lipids, are anti-inflammatory physiological ligands for two known cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their effects after brain injury are poorly defined. In the present study, we hypothesize that traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced loss of endocannabinoids exaggerates neurovascular injury, compromises brain-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers (BCB) and causes behavioral dysfunction. Preliminary analysis in human CSF and plasma indicates changes in endocannabinoid levels. This encouraged us to investigate the levels of endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Reductions in endocannabinoid (2-AG and AEA) levels in plasma were supported by higher expression of their respective metabolizing enzymes, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) in the post-TBI mouse brain. Following increased metabolism of endocannabinoids post-TBI, we observed increased expression of CB2, non-cannabinoid receptor Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and acute reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). The BCB and pericontusional cortex showed altered endocannabinoid expressions and reduction in ventricular volume. Finally, loss of motor functions and induced anxiety behaviors were observed in these TBI mice. Taken together, our findings suggest endocannabinoids and their metabolizing enzymes play an important role in the brain and BCB integrity and highlight the need for more extensive studies on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hannah Mcmichael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mario P Espinosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Asamoah Bosomtwi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Abbas Jarrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Badruzzaman Khan
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Scott Y Rahimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - John R Vender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America; VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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42
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Chu L, Shu Z, Gu X, Wu Y, Yang J, Deng H. The Endocannabinoid System as a Potential Therapeutic Target for HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 36745405 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the successful introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of mild to moderate forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains high. It has been demonstrated that neuronal injury caused by HIV is excitotoxic and inflammatory, and it correlates with neurocognitive decline in HAND. Endocannabinoid system (ECS) protects the body from excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation on demand and presents a promising therapeutic target for treating HAND. Here, we firstly discuss the potential pathogenesis of HAND. We secondly discuss the structural and functional changes in the ECS that are currently known among HAND patients. We thirdly discuss current clinical and preclinical findings concerning the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of the ECS among HAND patients. Fourth, we will discuss the interactions between the ECS and neuroendocrine systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes under the HAND conditions. Materials and Methods: We have carried out a review of the literature using PubMed to summarize the current state of knowledge on the association between ECS and HAND. Results: The ECS may be ideally suited for modulation of HAND pathophysiology. Direct activation of presynaptic cannabinoid receptor 1 or reduction of cannabinoid metabolism attenuates HAND excitotoxicity. Chronic neuroinflammation associated with HAND can be reduced by activating cannabinoid receptor 2 on immune cells. The sensitivity of the ECS to HIV may be enhanced by increased cannabinoid receptor expression in HAND. In addition, indirect regulation of the ECS through modulation of hormone-related receptors may be a potential strategy to influence the ECS and also alleviate the progression of HAND due to the reciprocal inhibition of the ECS by the HPA and HPG axes. Conclusions: Taken together, targeting the ECS may be a promising strategy to alleviate the inflammation and neurodegeneration caused by HIV-1 infection. Further studies are required to clarify the role of endocannabinoid signaling in HIV neurotoxicity. Strategies promoting endocannabinoid signaling may slow down cognitive decline of HAND are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chu
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Shu
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinpei Gu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Child and Adolescent Hygienics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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43
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Aretxabala X, García del Caño G, Barrondo S, López de Jesús M, González-Burguera I, Saumell-Esnaola M, Goicolea MA, Sallés J. Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis and Metabolism at Neuronal Nuclear Matrix Fractions Derived from Adult Rat Brain Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043165. [PMID: 36834575 PMCID: PMC9965625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the kinetics characteristics of the diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGLα) located at the nuclear matrix of nuclei derived from adult cortical neurons. Thus, using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, classical biochemical subcellular fractionation, and Western blot techniques, we demonstrate that the DGLα enzyme is located in the matrix of neuronal nuclei. Furthermore, by quantifying the 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) level by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry when 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (SAG) was exogenously added as substrate, we describe the presence of a mechanism for 2-AG production through DGLα dependent biosynthesis with an apparent Km (Kmapp) of 180 µM and a Vmax of 1.3 pmol min-1 µg-1 protein. We also examined the presence of enzymes with hydrolytic and oxygenase activities that are able to use 2-AG as substrate, and described the localization and compartmentalization of the major 2-AG degradation enzymes, namely monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), α/β-hydrolase domain 12 protein (ABHD12) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Of these, only ABHD12 exhibited the same distribution with respect to chromatin, lamin B1, SC-35 and NeuN as that described for DGLα. When 2-AG was exogenously added, we observed the production of arachidonic acid (AA), which was prevented by inhibitors (but not specific MGL or ABHD6 inhibitors) of the ABHD family. Overall, our results expand knowledge about the subcellular distribution of neuronal DGLα, and provide biochemical and morphological evidence to ensure that 2-AG is produced in the neuronal nuclear matrix. Thus, this work paves the way for proposing a working hypothesis about the role of 2-AG produced in neuronal nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Aretxabala
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gontzal García del Caño
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Barrondo
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maider López de Jesús
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Imanol González-Burguera
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miquel Saumell-Esnaola
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Aranzazu Goicolea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Joan Sallés
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945-013114
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44
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Iglesias LP, Bedeschi L, Aguiar DC, Asth L, Moreira FA. Effects of Δ 9-THC and Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists in the Elevated Plus Maze Test of Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:24-33. [PMID: 35984927 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Δ9-THC (the main active compound from Cannabis sativa) and related cannabinoids have been used as drugs of abuse and as medications. They induce a complex set of emotional responses in humans and experimental animals, consisting of either anxiolysis or heightened anxiety. These discrepant effects pose a major challenge for data reproducibility and for developing new cannabinoid-based medicines. In this study, we review and analyze previous data on cannabinoids and anxiety-like behavior in experimental animals. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of type-1 cannabinoid receptor agonists (full or partial, selective or not) in rodents exposed to the elevated plus maze, a widely used test of anxiety-like behavior. Cannabinoids tend to reduce anxiety-like behavior if administered at low doses. THC effects are moderated by the dose factor, with anxiolytic- and anxiogenic-like effects occurring at low-dose (0.075-1 mg/kg) and high-dose (1-10 mg/kg) ranges, respectively. However, some studies report no effect at all regardless of the dose tested. Finally, motor impairment represents a potential confounding factor when high doses are administered. The present analysis may contribute to elucidate the experimental factors underlying cannabinoid effects on anxiety-like behavior and facilitate data reproducibility in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia P Iglesias
- Graduate School in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bedeschi
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Aguiar
- Graduate School in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laila Asth
- Graduate School in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Graduate School in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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45
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Raux PL, Vallée M. Cross-talk between neurosteroid and endocannabinoid systems in cannabis addiction. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13191. [PMID: 36043319 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroids and endocannabinoids are part of two modulatory systems and some evidence has shown their interconnections in several functions. Homeostasis is a common steady-state described in the body, which is settled by regulatory systems to counterbalance deregulated or allostatic set points towards an equilibrium. This regulation is of primary significance in the central nervous system for maintaining neuronal plasticity and preventing brain-related disorders. In this context, the recent discovery of the shutdown of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) overload by the neurosteroid pregnenolone has highlighted new endogenous mechanisms of ECS regulation related to cannabis-induced intoxication. These mechanisms involve a regulatory loop mediated by overactivation of the central type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), which triggers the production of its own regulator, pregnenolone. Therefore, this highlights a new process of regulation of steroidogenesis in the brain. Pregnenolone, long considered an inactive precursor of neurosteroids, can then act as an endogenous negative allosteric modulator of CB1R. The present review aims to shed light on a new framework for the role of ECS in the addictive characteristics of cannabis with the novel endogenous mechanism of ECS involving the neurosteroid pregnenolone. In addition, this new endogenous regulatory loop could provide a relevant therapeutic model in the current context of increasing recreational and medical use of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Raux
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Group "Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Disease", Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Monique Vallée
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Group "Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Disease", Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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46
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Blanton H, Reddy PH, Benamar K. Chronic pain in Alzheimer's disease: Endocannabinoid system. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114287. [PMID: 36455638 PMCID: PMC9789196 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain, one of the most common reasons adults seek medical care, has been linked to restrictions in mobility and daily activities, dependence on opioids, anxiety, depression, sleep deprivation, and reduced quality of life. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder (characterized by a progressive impairment of cognitive functions) in the elderly, is often co-morbid with chronic pain. AD is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the aged population. The reported prevalence of chronic pain is 45.8% of the 50 million people with AD. As the population ages, the number of older people who experience AD and chronic pain will also increase. The current treatment options for chronic pain are limited, often ineffective, and have associated side effects. This review summarizes the role of the endocannabinoid system in pain, its potential role in chronic pain in AD, and addresses gaps and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Senn L, Costa AM, Avallone R, Socała K, Wlaź P, Biagini G. Is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma a putative target for epilepsy treatment? Current evidence and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108316. [PMID: 36436690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors, has been mainly studied as an important factor in metabolic disorders. However, in recent years the potential role of PPARγ in different neurological diseases has been increasingly investigated. Especially, in the search of therapeutic targets for patients with epilepsy the question of the involvement of PPARγ in seizure control has been raised. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder causing a major impact on the psychological, social, and economic conditions of patients and their families, besides the problems of the disease itself. Considering that the world prevalence of epilepsy ranges between 0.5% - 1.0%, this condition is the fourth for importance among the other neurological disorders, following migraine, stroke, and dementia. Among others, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adult patients. About 65% of individuals who receive antiseizure medications (ASMs) experience seizure independence. For those in whom seizures still recur, investigating PPARγ could lead to the development of novel ASMs. This review focuses on the most important findings from recent investigations about the potential intracellular PPARγ-dependent processes behind different compounds that exhibited anti-seizure effects. Additionally, recent clinical investigations are discussed along with the promising results found for PPARγ agonists and the ketogenic diet (KD) in various rodent models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Senn
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna-Maria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Avallone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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48
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Lim J, Squire E, Jung KM. Phytocannabinoids, the Endocannabinoid System and Male Reproduction. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:1-10. [PMID: 36578200 PMCID: PMC9826913 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of a set of lipid-derived messengers (the endocannabinoids, ECBs), proteins that control their production and degradation, and cell-surface cannabinoid (CB) receptors that transduce their actions. ECB molecules such as 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide) are produced on demand and deactivated through enzymatic actions tightly regulated both temporally and spatially, serving homeostatic roles in order to respond to various challenges to the body. Key components of the ECS are present in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which plays critical roles in the development and regulation of the reproductive system in both males and females. ECB signaling controls the action at each stage of the HPG axis through CB receptors expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and reproductive organs such as the testis and ovary. It regulates the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, testosterone, and affects spermatogenesis in males. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa affect a variety of physiological processes by altering, or under certain conditions hijacking, the ECB system. Therefore, phytocannabinoids, in particular THC, may modify the homeostasis of the HPG axis by altering CB receptor signaling and cause deficits in reproductive function. While the ability of phytocannabinoids, THC and/or cannabidiol (CBD), to reduce pain and inflammation provides promising opportunities for therapeutic intervention for genitourinary and degenerative disorders, important questions remain regarding their unwanted long-term effects. It is nevertheless clear that the therapeutic potential of modulating the ECS calls for further scientific and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erica Squire
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Fazio D, Criscuolo E, Maccarrone M. Radiometric Assay of ABHD2 Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:299-305. [PMID: 36152197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The α,β-hydrolase fold-containing protein 2 (ABHD2) is a serine hydrolase, responsible for the cleavage of endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). ABHD2 is activated by progesterone, thus, it is considered a nonnuclear receptor of this steroid hormone that terminates its biological effects. The products of ABHD2-catalyzed cleavage by the natural substrate 2-AG are glycerol and arachidonic acid; here, instead of 2-AG, the radioactive substrate 2-oleoyl-[3H]glycerol has been used as already done in various acylglycerol lipase activity assays. The amount of [3H]glycerol released allows to measure ABHD2 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Fazio
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Criscuolo
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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50
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Jung KM, Piomelli D. Assay of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:285-297. [PMID: 36152196 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL/MAGL/MGLL) is a serine hydrolase involved in the biological deactivation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG). 2-AG is the most abundant endogenous lipid agonists for cannabinoid receptors in the brain and elsewhere in the body. In the central nervous system (CNS), MGL is localized to presynaptic nerve terminals of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, where it controls the regulatory actions of 2-AG on synaptic transmission and plasticity. In this chapter, we describe an in vitro method to assess MGL activity by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based quantitation of its reaction product. The method may be used to determine basal or altered MGL activity in cells or tissues after pharmacological, genetic, or biological interventions. In addition, the assay can be used for MGL inhibitor screening using purified recombinant enzyme or MGL-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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