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Mandrekar P, Mandal A. Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis 2024; 28:647-661. [PMID: 39362713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is complex and multifactorial. Several intracellular, intrahepatic, and extrahepatic factors influence development of early fatty liver injury leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol metabolism, cellular stress, and gut-derived factors contribute to hepatocyte and immune cell injury leading to cytokine and chemokine production. The pathogenesis of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), an advanced form of acute-on-chronic liver failure due to excessive chronic intake in patients with underlying liver disease, is not well understood. While pathogenic mechanisms in early ALD are studied, the pathogenesis of AH requires further investigation to help design effective drugs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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2
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Malik AA, Shariq M, Sheikh JA, Fayaz H, Srivastava G, Thakuri D, Ahuja Y, Ali S, Alam A, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Regulation of Type I Interferon and Autophagy in Immunity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Role of CGAS and STING1. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400174. [PMID: 38977406 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a significant intracellular pathogen responsible for numerous infectious disease-related deaths worldwide. It uses ESX-1 T7SS to damage phagosomes and to enter the cytosol of host cells after phagocytosis. During infection, M. tb and host mitochondria release dsDNA, which activates the CGAS-STING1 pathway. This pathway leads to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines and activates autophagy, which targets and degrades bacteria within autophagosomes. However, the role of type I IFNs in immunity against M. tb is controversial. While previous research has suggested a protective role, recent findings from cgas-sting1 knockout mouse studies have contradicted this. Additionally, a study using knockout mice and non-human primate models uncovered a new mechanism by which neutrophils recruited to lung infections form neutrophil extracellular traps. Activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells causes them to produce type I IFNs, which interfere with the function of interstitial macrophages and increase the likelihood of tuberculosis. Notably, M. tb uses its virulence proteins to disrupt the CGAS-STING1 signaling pathway leading to enhanced pathogenesis. Investigating the CGAS-STING1 pathway can help develop new ways to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Javaid Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haleema Fayaz
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Gauri Srivastava
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Deeksha Thakuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Yashika Ahuja
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Saquib Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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Haridevamuthu B, Raj D, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Comprehensive review of Argulus infestations in aquaculture: Biological impacts and advanced management strategies. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109851. [PMID: 39173980 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is hindered by various factors. One of the most noticeable factors is infection by parasites and pathogens. Argulus stands out as a prominent and economically significant ectoparasite in freshwater aquaculture. Argulus infestation causes severe immunomodulatory effects on its hosts by promoting argulosis, causing inflammation, extensive tissue damage, and death. Indian aquaculture sector faced a loss of 62.5 million USD due to Argulus infection. However, current control methods, such as pesticides, cause serious environmental damage. Herbal treatment methods are ineffective and have limitations. Hence, a more efficient and cost-effective control method is needed. In recent years, vaccine development has emerged as a promising avenue of research. Understanding the effect of the host-parasite relationship in the host immune system is essential to develop strategies for prevention, control, and management of argulosis. These interactions provide insights into the co-evolutionary dynamics between hosts and parasites. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the host-searching behaviour of Argulus, host-parasite interaction and control strategies. This review also highlights the need for further research and the development of sustainable control measures for Argulus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Raj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Costa ALD, Prieto-Oliveira P, Duarte-Barbosa M, Andreata-Santos R, Peter CM, Prolo de Brito T, Antoneli F, Durães-Carvalho R, Briones MRS, Maricato JT, Zanotto PMA, Jacob Machado D, Janini LMR. The Relationship between HERV, Interleukin, and Transcription Factor Expression in ZIKV Infected versus Uninfected Trophoblastic Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1491. [PMID: 39273061 PMCID: PMC11394337 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus with maternal, sexual, and TORCH-related transmission capabilities. After 2015, Brazil had the highest number of ZIVK-infected pregnant women who lost their babies or delivered them with Congenital ZIKV Syndrome (CZS). ZIKV triggers an immune defense in the placenta. This immune response counts with the participation of interleukins and transcription factors. Additionally, it has the potential involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVS). Interleukins are immune response regulators that aid immune tolerance and support syncytial structure development in the placenta, where syncytin receptors facilitate vital cell-to-cell fusion events. HERVs are remnants of ancient viral infections that integrate into the genome and produce syncytin proteins crucial for placental development. Since ZIKV can infect trophoblast cells, we analyzed the relationship between ZIKV infection, HERV, interleukin, and transcription factor modulations in the placenta. To investigate the impact of ZIKV on trophoblast cells, we examined two cell types (BeWo and HTR8) infected with ZIKV-MR766 (African) and ZIKV-IEC-Paraíba (Asian-Brazilian) using Taqman and RT2 Profiler PCR Array assays. Our results indicate that early ZIKV infection (24-72 h) does not induce differential interleukins, transcription factors, and HERV expression. However, we show that the expression of a few of these host defense genes appears to be linked independently of ZIKV infection. Future studies involving additional trophoblastic cell lineages and extended infection timelines will illuminate the dynamic interplay between ZIKV, HERVs, interleukins, and transcription factors in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luís da Costa
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Paula Prieto-Oliveira
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9331 Robert D. Snyder Rd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City BLVD, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Márcia Duarte-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Cristina M Peter
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Thamires Prolo de Brito
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antoneli
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Durães-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R S Briones
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Maricato
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Paolo M A Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Denis Jacob Machado
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9331 Robert D. Snyder Rd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City BLVD, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Luiz M R Janini
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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Yu S, Gu X, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Suhas T, Du W, Xie L, Fang Z, Zhao Y, Yang M, Xu J, Wang Y, Lin MH, Pan X, Miner JH, Jin Y, Xie J. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates renal injury induced by COL4A3 mutation. Kidney Int 2024; 106:433-449. [PMID: 38782199 PMCID: PMC11343663 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
COL4A3/A4/A5 mutations have been identified as critical causes of Alport syndrome and other genetic chronic kidney diseases. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear, and specific treatments are lacking. Here, we constructed a transgenic Alport syndrome mouse model by generating a mutation (Col4a3 p.G799R) identified previously from one large Alport syndrome family into mice. We observed that the mutation caused a pathological decrease in intracellular and secreted collagen IV α3α4α5 heterotrimers. The mutant collagen IV α3 chains abnormally accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and exhibited defective secretion, leading to persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway plays key roles in mediating subsequent inflammation and apoptosis signaling activation. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone drug that functions as an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, effectively suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoted secretion of the α3 chains, and inhibited the activation of the MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatment significantly improved kidney function in vivo. These results partly clarified the pathogenesis of kidney injuries associated with Alport syndrome, especially in glomeruli, and suggested that tauroursodeoxycholic acid might be useful for the early clinical treatment of Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangchen Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teija Suhas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengying Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meei-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuanmeng Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Fitzmeyer EA, Dutt TS, Pinaud S, Graham B, Gallichotte EN, Hill JL, Campbell CL, Ogg H, Howick V, Lawniczak M, Nishimura EO, Merkling SH, Henao-Tamayo M, Ebel GD. A single-cell atlas of the Culex tarsalis midgut during West Nile virus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.23.603613. [PMID: 39091762 PMCID: PMC11291174 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.603613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The mosquito midgut functions as a key interface between pathogen and vector. However, studies of midgut physiology and associated virus infection dynamics are scarce, and in Culex tarsalis - an extremely efficient vector of West Nile virus (WNV) - nonexistent. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on Cx. tarsalis midguts, defined multiple cell types, and determined whether specific cell types are more permissive to WNV infection. We identified 20 cell states comprised of 8 distinct cell types, consistent with existing descriptions of Drosophila and Aedes aegypti midgut physiology. Most midgut cell populations were permissive to WNV infection. However, there were higher levels of WNV RNA (vRNA) in enteroendocrine cells and cells enriched for mitochondrial genes, suggesting enhanced replication in these populations. In contrast, proliferating intestinal stem cell (ISC) populations had the lowest levels of vRNA, a finding consistent with studies suggesting ISC proliferation in the midgut is involved in viral control. Notably, we did not detect significant WNV-infection induced upregulation of canonical mosquito antiviral immune genes (e.g., AGO2, R2D2, etc.) at the whole-midgut level. Rather, we observed a significant positive correlation between immune gene expression levels and vRNA in individual cells, suggesting that within midgut cells, high levels of vRNA may trigger antiviral responses. Our findings establish a Cx. tarsalis midgut cell atlas, and provide insight into midgut infection dynamics of WNV by characterizing cell-type specific enhancement/restriction of, and immune response to, infection at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Fitzmeyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Taru S. Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Silvain Pinaud
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily N. Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica L. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Corey L. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Hunter Ogg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Virginia Howick
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Erin Osborne Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Helene Merkling
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory D. Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Chantab K, Rao Z, Zheng X, Han R, Cao L. Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae. INSECTS 2024; 15:514. [PMID: 39057246 PMCID: PMC11277396 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Insects protect themselves through their immune systems. Entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts are widely used for the biocontrol of economically important pests. Ascarosides are pheromones that regulate nematode behaviors, such as aggregation, avoidance, mating, dispersal, and dauer recovery and formation. However, whether ascarosides influence the immune response of insects remains unexplored. In this study, we co-injected ascarosides and symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii H06 bacteria derived from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 into the last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella. We recorded larval mortality and analyzed the expressions of AMPs, ROS/RNS, and LPSs. Our results revealed a process in which ascarosides, acting as enhancers of the symbiotic bacteria, co-induced G. mellonella immunity by significantly increasing oxidative stress responses and secreting AMPs (gallerimycin, gloverin, and cecropin). This led to a reduction in color intensity and the symbiotic bacteria load, ultimately resulting in delayed host mortality compared to either ascarosides or symbiotic bacteria. These findings demonstrate the cross-kingdom regulation of insects and symbiotic bacteria by nematode pheromones. Furthermore, our results suggest that G. mellonella larvae may employ nematode pheromones secreted by IJs to modulate insect immunity during early infection, particularly in the presence of symbiotic bacteria, for enhancing resistance to invasive bacteria in the hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Chantab
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China; (K.C.); (Z.R.); (X.Z.); (R.H.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin 32000, Thailand
| | - Zhongchen Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China; (K.C.); (Z.R.); (X.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Xuehong Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China; (K.C.); (Z.R.); (X.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China; (K.C.); (Z.R.); (X.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China; (K.C.); (Z.R.); (X.Z.); (R.H.)
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Cicio A, Aloi N, Sut S, Longo V, Terracina F, Dall’Acqua S, Zizzo MG, Bruno M, Ilardi V, Colombo P, Luparello C, Serio R. Chemical Characterization, Free Radical Scavenging, and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of the Egadi Island Endemic Brassica macrocarpa Guss Leaf Extract. Biomolecules 2024; 14:636. [PMID: 38927041 PMCID: PMC11201591 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Brassica is an important source of food in the Mediterranean diet with documented nutritional and medicinal properties. However, few studies have investigated the phytochemical composition and the biological activity of wild Sicilian taxa. Thus, we aimed to study the chemical profile and the antioxidant potential, in vitro and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, of a methanolic extract of leaves of wild Brassica macrocarpa Guss (B. macrocarpa) (Egadi Islands; Sicily-Italy). B. macrocarpa methanolic extract showed a large amount of glucosinolates and different phenolic compounds. It exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, being able to reduce NO and ROS levels and NOS2 mRNA expression. Our study demonstrated that Sicilian B. macrocarpa methanolic extract, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, efficiently counteracts oxidative stress and displays radical scavenging activity. Future studies are required to identify the contribution of the single phytocomponents, to characterize the action mechanism, and to reveal possible applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (V.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (V.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Terracina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
- ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (V.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
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9
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Chen J, Zhou M, Chen L, Yang C, Deng Y, Li J, Sun S. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Prebiotics Function of a Bioactive Pleurotus eryngii Aqueous Extract Powder Obtained by Spray Drying. Nutrients 2024; 16:1555. [PMID: 38892489 PMCID: PMC11173815 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A bioactive Pleurotus eryngii aqueous extract powder (SPAE) was obtained by spray drying and its performance in terms of physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion, inflammatory factors, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota was explored. The results indicated that the SPAE exhibited a more uniform particle size distribution than P. eryngii polysaccharide (PEP). Meanwhile, a typical absorption peak observed at 843 cm-1 in the SPAE FTIR spectra indicated the existence of α-glycosidic bonds. SPAE exhibited higher antioxidant abilities and superior resistance to digestion in vitro. In addition, SPAE supplementation to mice significantly reduced the release of factors that promote inflammation, enhanced the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and sustained maximum production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, it significantly enhanced the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing Akkermansia and reduced the abundance of Ruminococcus and Clostridiides in intestines of mice. These results show the potential of SPAE as a novel material with prebiotic effects for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mengling Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Liding Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
- Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ningde 352200, China
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Yating Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jiahuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
- Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ningde 352200, China
| | - Shujing Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.D.)
- Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ningde 352200, China
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10
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McFadden MJ, Reynolds MB, Michmerhuizen BC, Ólafsson EB, Anderson FM, Schultz TL, O’Riordan MX, O’Meara TR. Non-canonical activation of IRE1α during Candida albicans infection enhances macrophage fungicidal activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.02.560560. [PMID: 37873171 PMCID: PMC10592910 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
While the canonical function of IRE1α is to detect misfolded proteins and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain cellular homeostasis, microbial pathogens can also activate IRE1α, which modulates innate immunity and infection outcomes. However, how infection activates IRE1α and its associated inflammatory functions have not been fully elucidated. Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns can activate IRE1α, but it is unclear whether this depends on protein misfolding. Here, we report that a common and deadly fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, activates macrophage IRE1α through C-type lectin receptor signaling, reinforcing a role for IRE1α as a central regulator of host responses to infection by a broad range of pathogens. This activation did not depend on protein misfolding in response to C. albicans infection. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide treatment was also able to activate IRE1α prior to protein misfolding, suggesting that pathogen-mediated activation of IRE1α occurs through non-canonical mechanisms. During C. albicans infection, we observed that IRE1α activity promotes phagolysosomal fusion that supports the fungicidal activity of macrophages. Consequently, macrophages lacking IRE1α activity displayed inefficient phagosome maturation, enabling C. albicans to lyse the phagosome, evade fungal killing, and drive aberrant inflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, we show that IRE1α activity supports phagosomal calcium flux after phagocytosis of C. albicans, which is crucial for phagosome maturation. Importantly, deletion of IRE1α activity decreased the fungicidal activity of phagocytes in vivo during systemic C. albicans infection. Together, these data provide mechanistic insight for the non-canonical activation of IRE1α during infection, and reveal central roles for IRE1α in macrophage antifungal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McFadden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mack B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Einar B. Ólafsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Faith M. Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tracey L. Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary X.D. O’Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Teresa R. O’Meara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Bi Y, Wei H, Chai Y, Wang H, Xue Q, Li J. Intermittent mild cold acclimation ameliorates intestinal inflammation and immune dysfunction in acute cold-stressed broilers by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103637. [PMID: 38518665 PMCID: PMC10978541 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential protective effect of prior cold stimulation on broiler intestine induced by acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were divided into control (CON), ACS, cold stimulation Ⅰ (CS3+ACS), and cold stimulation Ⅱ (CS9+ACS) groups. Broilers in CON and ACS groups were reared normally, and birds in CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS groups were reared at 3℃ and 9℃ below CON group for 5 h, respectively, on alternate days from d 15 to 35. Broilers in ACS, CS3+ACS, and CS9+ACS groups were subjected to 10℃ for 24 h on d 43. Eventually, small intestine tissues were collected for histopathological observation and indexes detection. The results showed that intestinal tissues in all ACS-broilers exhibited inflammatory cell infiltrates, microvilli disruption, reduced villus length in jejunum and increased crypt depth in jejunum and ileum. Whereas these phenomena were relatively light in CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, mRNA expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, COX-2, iNOS, PTGEs, TNF-α), Th1/Th17-derived cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-17), and HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90) was upregulated (P < 0.05), and that of Th2-deviated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) and IκBα was downregulated (P < 0.05) in small intestine in almost all ACS-broilers. Compared to ACS group, mRNA expression of most of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes, Th1/Th17-derived cytokines, and HSPs was downregulated and that of Th2-derived cytokines was upregulated in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65/p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, IKK, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and HSPs were similar to their mRNA expression. The concentration of sIgA and activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-px were decreased and MDA and H2O2 were increased in ACS and CS9+ACS groups compared to CON group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to gut immune dysfunction; while mild cold stimulation at 3℃ below normal rearing temperature alleviated cold stress-induced intestinal injure and dysfunction by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Yiwen Chai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 150030 Harbin, China.
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12
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Aizenshtadt A, Wang C, Abadpour S, Menezes PD, Wilhelmsen I, Dalmao‐Fernandez A, Stokowiec J, Golovin A, Johnsen M, Combriat TMD, Røberg‐Larsen H, Gadegaard N, Scholz H, Busek M, Krauss SJK. Pump-Less, Recirculating Organ-on-Chip (rOoC) Platform to Model the Metabolic Crosstalk between Islets and Liver. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303785. [PMID: 38221504 PMCID: PMC11468483 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are epidemiologically correlated disorders with a worldwide growing prevalence. While the mechanisms leading to the onset and development of these conditions are not fully understood, predictive tissue representations for studying the coordinated interactions between central organs that regulate energy metabolism, particularly the liver and pancreatic islets, are needed. Here, a dual pump-less recirculating organ-on-chip platform that combines human pluripotent stem cell (sc)-derived sc-liver and sc-islet organoids is presented. The platform reproduces key aspects of the metabolic cross-talk between both organs, including glucose levels and selected hormones, and supports the viability and functionality of both sc-islet and sc-liver organoids while preserving a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In a model of metabolic disruption in response to treatment with high lipids and fructose, sc-liver organoids exhibit hallmarks of steatosis and insulin resistance, while sc-islets produce pro-inflammatory cytokines on-chip. Finally, the platform reproduces known effects of anti-diabetic drugs on-chip. Taken together, the platform provides a basis for functional studies of obesity, T2DM, and MASLD on-chip, as well as for testing potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Chencheng Wang
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation MedicineExperimental Cell Transplantation Research GroupOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation MedicineExperimental Cell Transplantation Research GroupOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Pedro Duarte Menezes
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowRankine BuildingGlasgowG12 8LTUK
| | - Ingrid Wilhelmsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao‐Fernandez
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1083Oslo0316Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Alexey Golovin
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Mads Johnsen
- Section for Chemical Life SciencesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033Oslo0315Norway
| | - Thomas M. D. Combriat
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
| | - Hanne Røberg‐Larsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Section for Chemical Life SciencesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033Oslo0315Norway
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowRankine BuildingGlasgowG12 8LTUK
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Transplantation MedicineExperimental Cell Transplantation Research GroupOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Mathias Busek
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
| | - Stefan J. K. Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1110Oslo0317Norway
- Dep. of Immunology and Transfusion MedicineOslo University HospitalP.O. Box 4950Oslo0424Norway
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13
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Jin X, Chen Y, Xu B, Tian H. Exercise-Mediated Protection against Air Pollution-Induced Immune Damage: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:247. [PMID: 38666859 PMCID: PMC11047937 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution, a serious risk factor for human health, can lead to immune damage and various diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollutants can trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses (the main sources of immune impairment) in the body. Exercise has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant statuses, enhance immune cell activity, as well as protect against immune damage caused by air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of exercise on pollutant-induced damage and the safe threshold for exercise in polluted environments remain elusive. In contrast to the extensive research on the pathogenesis of air pollution and the preventive role of exercise in enhancing fitness, investigations into exercise resistance to injury caused by air pollution are still in their infancy. In this review, we analyze evidence from humans, animals, and cell experiments on the combined effects of exercise and air pollution on immune health outcomes, with an emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and immune cells. We also propose possible mechanisms and directions for future research on exercise resistance to pollutant-induced damage in the body. Furthermore, we suggest strengthening epidemiological studies at different population levels and investigations on immune cells to guide how to determine the safety thresholds for exercise in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingxiang Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.J.); (Y.C.)
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14
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Aggarwal K, Singh S, Singla A, Kanagala SG, Anamika F, Singh B, Aggarwal P, Jain R. Unveiling the Silent Intruder: H. pylori's Hidden Link to Ischemic Heart Disease. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00227. [PMID: 38445894 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. In addition to the well-known risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, such as age, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, and obesity, there has been a growing concern regarding cardiac complications stemming from the Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori. While H. pylori is most commonly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma, it has also been implicated in extra gastric manifestations, encompassing cardiac, neurologic, ocular, and dermatologic issues. Key virulent factors for coronary artery disease include the vacuolating cytotoxin gene A and the cytotoxin-associated gene A. The most likely pathogenic mechanism of the relationship between H. pylori and coronary artery disease is initiating a chronic inflammatory process associated with infection and the modifications of classic risk factors. These alterations lead to the creation of prothrombotic and procoagulant environments. Here, we review the cardiac manifestations of H. pylori and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Aggarwal
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Internal Medicine
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ankur Singla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Fnu Anamika
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Priyanka Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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15
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Lemos IDS, Torres CA, Alano CG, Matiola RT, de Figueiredo Seldenreich R, Padilha APZ, De Pieri E, Effting PS, Machado-De-Ávila RA, Réus GZ, Leipnitz G, Streck EL. Memantine Improves Memory and Neurochemical Damage in a Model of Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:758-770. [PMID: 38104040 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in different tissues due to a deficit in the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. The most common symptoms are poor feeding, psychomotor delay, and neurological damage. However, dietary therapy is not effective. Studies have demonstrated that memantine improves neurological damage in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, we hypothesize that memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist can ameliorate the effects elicited by BCAA in an MSUD animal model. For this, we organized the rats into four groups: control group (1), MSUD group (2), memantine group (3), and MSUD + memantine group (4). Animals were exposed to the MSUD model by the administration of BCAA (15.8 µL/g) (groups 2 and 4) or saline solution (0.9%) (groups 1 and 3) and treated with water or memantine (5 mg/kg) (groups 3 and 4). Our results showed that BCAA administration induced memory alterations, and changes in the levels of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, induction of oxidative damage and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines were verified in the cerebral cortex. Thus, memantine treatment prevented the alterations in memory, acetylcholinesterase activity, 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein oxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, sulfhydryl content, and inflammation. These findings suggest that memantine can improve the pathomechanisms observed in the MSUD model, and may improve oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antunes Torres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Giassi Alano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Tezza Matiola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rejane de Figueiredo Seldenreich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Paulo Zeferino Padilha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ellen De Pieri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado-De-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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16
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Duarte da Silva KC, Carneiro WF, Virote BDCR, Santos MDF, de Oliveira JPL, Castro TFD, Bertolucci SKV, Murgas LDS. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Zebrafish. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:581. [PMID: 38396549 PMCID: PMC10886050 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the protective capacity of the essential oil (EO) of Cymbopogon citratus against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the inflammatory potential in zebrafish. Using five concentrations of EO (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, and 6.25 μg/mL) in the presence of 7.5 mM H2O2, we analyzed the effects on neutrophil migration, caudal fin regeneration, cellular apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 96 h of exposure. A significant decrease in neutrophil migration was observed in all EO treatments compared to the control. Higher concentrations of EO (3.12 and 6.25 μg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in caudal fin regeneration compared to the control. SOD activity was reduced at all EO concentrations, CAT activity significantly decreased at 3.12 μg/mL, and GST activity increased at 0.78 μg/mL and 1.56 μg/mL, compared to the control group. No significant changes in ROS production were detected. A reduction in cellular apoptosis was evident at all EO concentrations, suggesting that C. citratus EO exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, influences regenerative processes, and protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Cândido Duarte da Silva
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - William Franco Carneiro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - Bárbara do Carmo Rodrigues Virote
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Santos
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - João Paulo Lima de Oliveira
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Tássia Flávia Dias Castro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences II (ICBII), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
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17
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Zhang ZT, Wang H, Dong H, Cong B. Comparative hemolymph proteomic analyses of the freezing and resistance-freezing Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Sci Rep 2024; 14:2580. [PMID: 38297109 PMCID: PMC10830562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most harmful pests of maize in Asia. It poses a significant threat to maize production, causing economic losses due to its strong ecological adaptation. In this study, we compared and analyzed the hemolymph proteome between freezing and resistance-freezing O. furnacalis strains using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to gain insights into the mechanisms of cold resistance. The results revealed that 300-400 hemolymph protein spots were common, with 24 spots showing differences between the two strains. Spectrometry analysis revealed 21 protein spots, including 17 upregulated spots and 4 downregulated ones. The expression of upregulation/downregulation proteins plays a crucial role in the metabolism, energy supply, and defense reaction of insects. Proteomics research not only provides a method for investigating protein expression patterns but also identifies numerous attractive candidates for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ting Zhang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Kaili University, 556011, Kaili, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Cong
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yoo JS. Cellular Stress Responses against Coronavirus Infection: A Means of the Innate Antiviral Defense. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1-9. [PMID: 37674398 PMCID: PMC10840489 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress responses are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Stress granules (SGs), activated by eIF2α kinases in response to various stimuli, play a pivotal role in dealing with diverse stress conditions. Viral infection, as one kind of cellular stress, triggers specific cellular programs aimed at overcoming virus-induced stresses. Recent studies have revealed that virus-derived stress responses are tightly linked to the host's antiviral innate immunity. Virus infection-induced SGs act as platforms for antiviral sensors, facilitating the initiation of protective antiviral responses called "antiviral stress granules" (avSGs). However, many viruses, including coronaviruses, have evolved strategies to suppress avSG formation, thereby counteracting the host's immune responses. This review discusses the intricate relationship between cellular stress responses and antiviral innate immunity, with a specific focus on coronaviruses. Furthermore, the diverse mechanisms employed by viruses to counteract avSGs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seung Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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19
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Nabirumbi R, Onohuean H, Drago KC, Alagbonsi AI, Adedeji AA. Fluoxetine attenuates stress-induced depression-like behavior due to decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines in male rats. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241234786. [PMID: 38490226 PMCID: PMC10943734 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241234786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in depression caused by both environmental- and alcohol-induced stress. The purpose of the study was to investigate the cytokine levels in serum and hippocampus following induction of depression-like behaviors (DLB) by either forced swimming test (FST) or ethanol-induced DLB (EID). We also investigated the effect of prior administration of antidepressant drug fluoxetine on cytokines in animals exposed to both models of DLB. Methods: Animals were pretreated with fluoxetine before inducing DLB, while DLB was induced in some animals using FST and ethanol in different groups of rats without fluoxetine pretreatment. The ELISA was used to detect changes in cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels in serum and hippocampus. Results: The mean levels of IL-1β and IL-6 measured in serum and hippocampus were significantly higher in FST and EID models when compared to the control group. The serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly reduced in animals pre-treated with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of fluoxetine in both FST and EID models when compared to the untreated FST and EID groups respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, both environment and alcohol can induce stress and DLB in rats with similar intensity, and their mechanisms of DLB induction involve activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, fluoxetine can prevent stress-induced inflammation in models of DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritah Nabirumbi
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacology, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kato Charles Drago
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Kampala International University, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Republic of Rwanda
| | - Ahmed A. Adedeji
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, OOACHS, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Ogun State, Nigeria
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20
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Shimizu T, Oike A, Kobayashi EH, Sekiya A, Kobayashi N, Shibata S, Hamada H, Saito M, Yaegashi N, Suyama M, Arima T, Okae H. CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311372120. [PMID: 38085778 PMCID: PMC10742386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311372120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta serves as the interface between the mother and fetus, facilitating the exchange of gases and nutrients between their separate blood circulation systems. Trophoblasts in the placenta play a central role in this process. Our current understanding of mammalian trophoblast development relies largely on mouse models. However, given the diversification of mammalian placentas, findings from the mouse placenta cannot be readily extrapolated to other mammalian species, including humans. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed CRISPR knockout screening in human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs). We targeted genes essential for mouse placental development and identified more than 100 genes as critical regulators in both human hTSCs and mouse placentas. Among them, we further characterized in detail two transcription factors, DLX3 and GCM1, and revealed their essential roles in hTSC differentiation. Moreover, a gene function-based comparison between human and mouse trophoblast subtypes suggests that their relationship may differ significantly from previous assumptions based on tissue localization or cellular function. Notably, our data reveal that hTSCs may not be analogous to mouse TSCs or the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) in which in vivo TSCs reside. Instead, hTSCs may be analogous to progenitor cells in the mouse ectoplacental cone and chorion. This finding is consistent with the absence of ExE-like structures during human placental development. Our data not only deepen our understanding of human trophoblast development but also facilitate cross-species comparison of mammalian placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Oike
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Eri H. Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Asato Sekiya
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto860-0811, Japan
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21
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Komatsu K, Matsuura T, Suzumura T, Ogawa T. Genome-wide transcriptional responses of osteoblasts to different titanium surface topographies. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100852. [PMID: 38024842 PMCID: PMC10663851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first genome-wide transcriptional profiling study using RNA-sequencing to investigate osteoblast responses to different titanium surface topographies, specifically between machined, smooth and acid-etched, microrough surfaces. Rat femoral osteoblasts were cultured on machine-smooth and acid-etched microrough titanium disks. The culture system was validated through a series of assays confirming reduced osteoblast attachment, slower proliferation, and faster differentiation on microrough surfaces. RNA-sequencing analysis of osteoblasts at an early stage of culture revealed that gene expression was highly correlated (r = 0.975) between the two topographies, but 1.38 % genes were upregulated and 0.37 % were downregulated on microrough surfaces. Upregulated transcripts were enriched for immune system, plasma membrane, response to external stimulus, and positive regulation to stimulus processes. Structural mapping confirmed microrough surface-promoted gene sharing and networking in signaling pathways and immune system/responses. Target-specific pathway analysis revealed that Rho family G-protein signaling pathways and actin genes, responsible for the formation of stress fibers, cytoplasmic projections, and focal adhesion, were upregulated on microrough surfaces without upregulation of core genes triggered by cell-to-cell interactions. Furthermore, disulfide-linked or -targeted extracellular matrix (ECM) or membranous glycoproteins such as laminin, fibronectin, CD36, and thrombospondin were highly expressed on microrough surfaces. Finally, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1, whose co-expression reduces cell proliferation, were upregulated on microrough surfaces. Thus, osteoblasts on microrough surfaces were characterized by upregulation of genes related to a wide range of functions associated with the immune system, stress/stimulus responses, proliferation control, skeletal and cytoplasmic signaling, ECM-integrin receptor interactions, and ECM-membranous glycoprotein interactions, furthering our knowledge of the surface-dependent expression of osteoblastic biomarkers on titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Toshikatsu Suzumura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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22
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Abidov M, Sokolova K, Danilova I, Baykenova M, Gette I, Mychlynina E, Aydin Ozgur B, Gurol AO, Yilmaz MT. Hepatic insulin synthesis increases in rat models of diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 differently. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294432. [PMID: 38019818 PMCID: PMC10686419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-positive (+) cells (IPCs), detected in multiple organs, are of great interest as a probable alternative to ameliorate pancreatic beta-cells dysfunction and insulin deficiency in diabetes. Liver is a potential source of IPCs due to it common embryological origin with pancreas. We previously demonstrated the presence of IPCs in the liver of healthy and diabetic rats, but detailed description and analysis of the factors, which potentially can induced ectopic hepatic expression of insulin in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), were not performed. In present study we evaluate mass of hepatic IPCs in the rat models of T1D and T2D and discuss factors, which may stimulate it generation: glycaemia, organ injury, involving of hepatic stem/progenitor cell compartment, expression of transcription factors and inflammation. Quantity of IPCs in the liver was up by 1.7-fold in rats with T1D and 10-fold in T2D compared to non-diabetic (ND) rats. We concluded that ectopic hepatic expression of insulin gene is activated by combined action of a number of factors, with inflammation playing a decision role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Abidov
- Institute of Immunopathology and Preventive Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenia Sokolova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Madina Baykenova
- Kostanay Oblast Tuberculosis Dispensary, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Gette
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Mychlynina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Burcin Aydin Ozgur
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Diabetes Application and Research Center, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Gurol
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Diabetes Application and Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Temel Yilmaz
- International Diabetes Center, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Chaubey GK, Dilawari R, Modanwal R, Talukdar S, Dhiman A, Raje CI, Raje M. Excess iron aggravates the severity of COVID-19 infection. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:186-193. [PMID: 37553026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) can induce severe inflammation of the lungs and respiratory system. Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with hyper inflammation and hyper-ferritinemia. High iron levels are known to trigger pro-inflammatory effects. Cumulative iron loading negatively impacts on a patients innate immune effector functions and increases the risk for infection related complications. Prognosis of severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2 patients may be impacted by iron excess. Iron is an essential co-factor for numerous essential cellular enzymes and vital cellular operations. Viruses hijack cells in order to replicate, and efficient replication requires an iron-replete host. Utilizing iron loaded cells in culture we evaluated their susceptibility to infection by pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and resultant cellular inflammatory response. We observed that, high levels of iron enhanced host cell ACE2 receptor expression contributing to higher infectivity of pseudovirus. In vitro Cellular iron overload also synergistically enhanced the levels of; reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 & TNF-α) and chemokine (CXCL-1&CCL-4) production in response to inflammatory stimulation of cells with spike protein. These results were confirmed using an in vivo mouse model. In future, limiting iron levels may be a promising adjuvant strategy in treating viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Radheshyam Modanwal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sharmila Talukdar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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24
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Lukova P, Apostolova E, Baldzhieva A, Murdjeva M, Kokova V. Fucoidan from Ericaria crinita Alleviates Inflammation in Rat Paw Edema, Downregulates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels, and Shows Antioxidant Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2511. [PMID: 37760952 PMCID: PMC10526391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides detected mainly in the cell walls of brown seaweeds. Here, we examined the effects of single doses of fucoidan derived from Ericaria crinita (formerly Cystoseira crinita) on carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 of rats with LPS-induced systemic inflammation after 14 days of treatment were also evaluated. Subchronic treatment with fucoidan from E. crinita attenuated the inflammation during the late phase of the degraded carrageenan-induced paw edema (3rd to 5th hour after carrageenan injection) with peak activity at the 3rd hour after the application. Both doses of fucoidan from E. crinita (25 and 50 mg/kg bw) significantly decreased the levels of all tested pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the serum of rats with a model of system inflammation but had no effect on the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The results showed that the repeated application of fucoidan has a more prominent effect on the levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum in comparison to a single dose of the sulfated polysaccharide. This reveals the potential of E. crinita fucoidan as an anti-inflammatory agent. Furthermore, E. crinita fucoidan exhibited in vitro antioxidant capacity, determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays as follows: IC50 = 412 µg/mL and 118.72 μM Trolox equivalent/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elisaveta Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandra Baldzhieva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology “Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Marianna Murdjeva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology “Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vesela Kokova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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25
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Paik S, Song GY, Jo EK. Ginsenosides for therapeutically targeting inflammation through modulation of oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110461. [PMID: 37331298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are steroid glycosides derived from ginseng plants such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Advances in recent studies have identified numerous physiological functions of each type of ginsenoside, i.e., immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions, in the context of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the single or combined ginsenoside(s) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, although it remains largely unclear. It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with pathological inflammation and cell death in a variety of cells, and that inhibition of ROS generation ameliorates the local and systemic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms by which ginsenosides attenuate inflammation are largely unknown; however, targeting ROS is suggested as one of the crucial mechanisms for the ginsenosides to control the pathological inflammation in the immune and non-immune cells. This review will summarize the latest progress in ginsenoside studies, particularly in the context of antioxidant mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory effects. A better understanding of the distinct types and the combined action of ginsenosides will pave the way for developing potential preventive and therapeutic modalities in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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26
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Rabelo F, Lemos IDS, Dal Toé CP, Casagrande DD, Freitas MLS, Quadra MR, Lima IR, Generoso JS, Michels M, Silveira PCL, Pizzol FD, Streck EL. Acute effects of intracerebroventricular administration of α-ketoisocaproic acid in young rats on inflammatory parameters. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1573-1579. [PMID: 36897514 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism (IEM), responsible for the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, in addition to their α-keto acids α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid (KMV), and α-ketoisovaleric acid (KIV) in the plasma and urine of patients. This process occurs due to a partial or total blockage of the dehydrogenase enzyme activity of branched-chain α-keto acids. Oxidative stress and inflammation are conditions commonly observed on IEM, and the inflammatory response may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of MSUD. We aimed to investigate the acute effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of KIC on inflammatory parameters in young Wistar rats. For this, sixteen 30-day-old male Wistar rats receive ICV microinjection with 8 µmol KIC. Sixty minutes later, the animals were euthanized, and the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum structures were collected to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ; TNF-α, IL-1β). The acute ICV administration of KIC increased INF-γ levels in the cerebral cortex and reduced the levels of INF-γ and TNF-α in the hippocampus. There was no difference in IL-1β levels. KIC was related to changes in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain of rats. However, the inflammatory mechanisms involved in MSUD are poorly understood. Thus, studies that aim to unravel the neuroinflammation in this pathology are essential to understand the pathophysiology of this IEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Rabelo
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Isabela da S Lemos
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Camila P Dal Toé
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Débora D Casagrande
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa S Freitas
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Micaela R Quadra
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Igor R Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil.
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Fang Z, Li X, Lei S, Feng S, Zhou C, Tong X, Han R. Protective effects of Pudilan Tablets against osteoarthritis in mice induced by monosodium iodoacetate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2760. [PMID: 36797333 PMCID: PMC9935914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated disorder that is the most prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease nowadays. Pudilan Tablets (PDL) is a prominent traditional Chinese medicine formula used in clinical settings to treat chronic inflammatory illnesses. However, there is currently minimal fundamental research on PDL in the therapy of joint diseases. As a result, this study looked at the anti-inflammatory and anti-OA properties of PDL in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanism of PDL in the treatment of OA. We investigated the anti-OA properties of PDL in OA mice that were generated by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). All animals were administered PDL (2 g/kg or 4 g/kg) or the positive control drug, indomethacin (150 mg/kg), once daily for a total of 28 days starting on the day of MIA injection. The CCK-8 assay was used to test the vitality of PDL-treated RAW264.7 cells in vitro. RAW264.7 cells that had been activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of PDL. In the MIA-induced OA model mice, PDL reduced pain, decreased OA-induced cartilage damages and degradation, decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, and suppressed IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression levels in tibiofemoral joint. In RAW264.7 cells, PDL treatment prevented LPS-induced activation of the ERK/Akt signaling pathway and significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In conclusion, these results suggest that PDL is involved in combating the development and progression of OA, exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory effect on the knee joint, and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Fang
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Research and Development, Anhui Jiren Pharmaceutical Company, Bozhou, 236800 China
| | - Shujun Lei
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Shibin Feng
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Rongchun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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The Landscape of Expressed Chimeric Transcripts in the Blood of Severe COVID-19 Infected Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020433. [PMID: 36851647 PMCID: PMC9958880 DOI: 10.3390/v15020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has quickly developed into a global public health threat. COVID-19 patients show distinct clinical features, and in some cases, during the severe stage of the condition, the disease severity leads to an acute respiratory disorder. In spite of several pieces of research in this area, the molecular mechanisms behind the development of disease severity are still not clearly understood. Recent studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 alters the host cell splicing and transcriptional response to overcome the host immune response that provides the virus with favorable conditions to replicate efficiently within the host cells. In several disease conditions, aberrant splicing could lead to the development of novel chimeric transcripts that could promote the functional alternations of the cell. As severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported to cause abnormal splicing in the infected cells, we could expect the generation and expression of novel chimeric transcripts. However, no study so far has attempted to check whether novel chimeric transcripts are expressed in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, we analyzed several publicly available blood transcriptome datasets of severe COVID-19, mild COVID-19, other severe respiratory viral infected patients, and healthy individuals. We identified 424 severe COVID-19 -specific chimeric transcripts, 42 of which were recurrent. Further, we detected 189 chimeric transcripts common to severe COVID-19 and multiple severe respiratory viral infections. Pathway and gene enrichment analysis of the parental genes of these two subsets of chimeric transcripts reveals that these are potentially involved in immune-related processes, interferon signaling, and inflammatory responses, which signify their potential association with immune dysfunction leading to the development of disease severity. Our study provides the first detailed expression landscape of chimeric transcripts in severe COVID-19 and other severe respiratory viral infections.
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Naldurtiker A, Batchu P, Kouakou B, Terrill TH, McCommon GW, Kannan G. Differential gene expression analysis using RNA-seq in the blood of goats exposed to transportation stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1984. [PMID: 36737466 PMCID: PMC9898539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation stress causes significant changes in physiological responses in goats; however, studies exploring the transcriptome of stress are very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the differential gene expressions and related pathways in the blood samples using RNA-seq procedure in Spanish goats subjected to different durations of transportation stress. Fifty-four male Spanish goats (8-mo old; BW = 29.7 ± 2.03 kg) were randomly subjected to one of three treatments (TRT; n = 18 goats/treatment): (1) transported for 180 min, (2) transported for 30 min, or (3) held in pens (control). Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for stress hormone, metabolite, and transcriptomic analysis. RNA-seq technology was used to obtain the transcriptome profiles of blood. Analysis of physiological data using SAS showed that plasma cortisol concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in 180 min and 30 min groups compared to the control group. Enrichment analysis of DEGs related to transportation stress through Gene Ontology and KEGG databases revealed that the differentially expressed genes related to inflammatory pathways, caspases, and apoptosis such as IL1R2, CASP14, CD14, TLR4, and MAPK14 were highly enriched in the transported group of goats compared to non-transported goats. Stress in goats leads to a sequence of events at cellular and molecular levels that causes inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Naldurtiker
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
| | - Phaneendra Batchu
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
| | - Brou Kouakou
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
| | - Thomas H Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
| | - George W McCommon
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA
| | - Govind Kannan
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA.
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Gil-del-Valle L, Gravier-Hernández R, Baldoquin-Rodríguez W, Sierra-Vázquez B, Perez-Díaz AB, Sariol-Resik P, Prieto-Dominguez T, Delgado-Guerra MM, Sánchez- Márquez JA, López-Fernández OE, Fonseca-Betancourt F, Valdés-Lanza L, Orraca-Castillo O, Van Ostade X, Vanden Berghe W, Vanlerberghe V, Guzmán-Tirado MG. Adverse Drug Reactions during COVID-19 Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis Focused on Hospitalized Patients, with the Use of a Survey in Cuba in 2020. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:1995642. [PMID: 36776283 PMCID: PMC9908337 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1995642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the prevalence and type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), together with associated risk factors, among Cuban COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine (CQ), lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), or interferon α2b (IFN α2b), according to the Cuban protocol. Materials and Methods A prospective descriptive analysis of ADRs was performed on 200 COVID-19 patients who were admitted consecutively to three hospitals in Havana and Pinar del Río from April to July 2020. Information on demographics, ADRs, outcomes, behavioral, and health-related factors was collected using a validated questionnaire and clinical records. Each potential ADR case was assessed for causality based on the WHO-UMC algorithm, concomitant drug influences, and the presence of any drug-drug interactions (DDI). Results The total frequency of ADRs was 55%, with predominantly gastrointestinal disorders and general symptoms (23% vs 20%). 95.1% of ADRs occurred within 10 days after treatment and 42 potential DDI in 55.5% of patients (61/110) were observed. The prevalence of ADRs was: 44%, 30.4%, and 26.4% for IFN α2b, LPV/r, and CQ, respectively. Sex (odds ratio (OR): 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.211-0.742), age (OR: 2.36 (95% CI: 1.02-5.44)), and underlying diseases (OR: 0.12 (95% CI: 0.06-0.23)) were independently associated factors for ADRs (P < 0.05). Conclusions The frequency of ADRs and potential DDI was high compared to their use during nonpandemic times (e.g., for malaria, HIV, or inflammatory diseases). The safety profile of these drugs when used for COVID-19 treatment showed similar characteristics. Comorbidities, age >37 years old, and female sex were associated with ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMW), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (FBD), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMW), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (FBD), Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhang C, Hou T, Wang J, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Clostridium butyricum alleviates LPS-induced acute immune stress in goats by regulating bacterial communities and blood metabolites. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099186. [PMID: 36756118 PMCID: PMC9899838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitigation and prevention of acute immune stress are essential for livestock production. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) has shown positive effects in stabilizing intestinal microbiota disorders, improving immune function and inhibiting disease development, but its effects on ruminants are unclear. Therefore, the current trial hypothesized that C. butyricum could improve goats' immune function and antioxidant capacity by regulating bacterial communities and blood metabolism and effectively alleviating the acute immune stress induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Sixteen healthy goats were fed C. butyricum for 70 days, and the goats were challenged with LPS on day 71. Blood and feces were collected at 0 h and 6 h after the challenge to evaluate the effects of C. butyricum on their intestinal microbiota, immune function, antioxidant function, and plasma metabolites. The results showed that C. butyricum had no significant effect on plasma biochemical parameters at the beginning of the LPS challenge. However, supplementation with C. butyricum increased plasma levels of IgA, IgG, T-SOD, and T-AOC (P < 0.05), but TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA were decreased (P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-10 showed an increasing trend (P < 0.10). Rectal microbiota analysis showed that C. butyricum significantly increased the relative abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota at the phylum level of goats; at the genus level, the relative abundances of Campylobacter and Anaerorhabdus]_furcosa_group were also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Christensenellaceae_R-7_group as the dominant microbiota also showed a significant increase in their abundance values, while Clostridium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 were significantly lower (P < 0.05). When the LPS challenge continued up to 6 h, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum still resulted in significantly higher plasma concentrations of IgA, IL-10, and T-SOD in goats than in the control group, reducing TNF-α levels (P < 0.05). In addition, plasma levels of T-CHOL and LDL were significantly reduced, and the expression of d-proline was significantly upregulated according to metabolomic analysis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum helped optimize the expression of bacterial communities and plasma metabolites to enhance the ability of goats to alleviate acute immune stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingyi Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yukun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Apostolova E, Lukova P, Baldzhieva A, Delattre C, Molinié R, Petit E, Elboutachfaiti R, Nikolova M, Iliev I, Murdjeva M, Kokova V. Structural Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan from Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Borry. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:714. [PMID: 36421993 PMCID: PMC9693085 DOI: 10.3390/md20110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fucoidan isolated from C. crinita on histamine-induced paw inflammation in rats, and on the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in rats during systemic inflammation response. The levels of TNF-α in a model of acute peritonitis in rats were also investigated. The isolated crude fucoidan was identified as a sulfated xylogalactofucan with high, medium, and low molecular weight fractions and a content of fucose of 39.74%, xylose of 20.75%, and galactose of 15.51%. Fucoidan from C. crinita showed better anti-inflammatory effects in the rat paw edema model, and this effect was present during all stages of the experiment. When compared to controls, a commercial fucoidan from F. vesiculosus, the results also displayed anti-inflammatory activity on the 60th, 90th, and 120th minute of the experiment. A significant decrease in serum levels of IL-1β in rats treated with both doses of C. crinita fucoidan was observed in comparison to controls, whereas TNF-α concentrations were reduced only in the group treated with fucoidan from C. crinita at the dose of 25 mg/kg bw. In the model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis, we observed a tendency of decrease in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in peritoneal fluid after a single dose of C. crinita fucoidan, but this did not reach the statistical significance margin. Single doses of C. crinita fucoidan did not alter serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in animals with lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisaveta Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandra Baldzhieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facultés, IUT d’Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facultés, IUT d’Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Redouan Elboutachfaiti
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Avenue des Facultés, IUT d’Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Mariana Nikolova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, Tsar Asen Str. 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, Tsar Asen Str. 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Marianna Murdjeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vesela Kokova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Li CH, Tsai ML, Chiou HY(C, Lin YC, Liao WT, Hung CH. Role of Macrophages in Air Pollution Exposure Related Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012337. [PMID: 36293195 PMCID: PMC9603963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. The chronic inflammation of the airway is mediated by many cell types, cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators. Research suggests that exposure to air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in adult and pediatric populations. Air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risks to health, and it impacts the lungs' innate and adaptive defense systems. A major pollutant in the air is particulate matter (PM), a complex component composed of elemental carbon and heavy metals. According to the WHO, 99% of people live in air pollution where air quality levels are lower than the WHO air quality guidelines. This suggests that the effect of air pollution exposure on asthma is a crucial health issue worldwide. Macrophages are essential in recognizing and processing any inhaled foreign material, such as PM. Alveolar macrophages are one of the predominant cell types that process and remove inhaled PM by secreting proinflammatory mediators from the lung. This review focuses on macrophages and their role in orchestrating the inflammatory responses induced by exposure to air pollutants in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying (Clair) Chiou
- Teaching and Research Center of Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); or (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2791) (W.-T.L.); +886-7-311-5140 (C.-H.H.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-321-3931 (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); or (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2791) (W.-T.L.); +886-7-311-5140 (C.-H.H.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-321-3931 (C.-H.H.)
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Kim M, Lim KM. Melanocytotoxic chemicals and their toxic mechanisms. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:417-435. [PMID: 36277364 PMCID: PMC9532501 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte cell death can lead to various melanocyte-related skin diseases including vitiligo and leukoderma. Melanocytotoxic chemicals are one of the most well-known causes of nongenetic melanocyte-related diseases, which induce melanocyte cell death through apoptosis. Various chemicals used in cosmetics, medicine, industry and food additives are known to induce melanocyte cell death, which poses a significant risk to the health of consumers and industrial workers. This review summarizes recently reported melanocytotoxic chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity in an effort to provide insight into the development of safer chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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35
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Choudhury A, Ratna A, Lim A, Sebastian RM, Moore CL, Filliol AA, Bledsoe J, Dai C, Schwabe RF, Shoulders MD, Mandrekar P. Loss of heat shock factor 1 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and drives liver fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2781-2797. [PMID: 35945902 PMCID: PMC9512451 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound healing response that results from chronic injury and is mediated by hepatocellular death and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While induction of oxidative stress is well established in fibrotic livers, there is limited information on stress‐mediated mechanisms of HSC activation. Cellular stress triggers an adaptive defense mechanism via master protein homeostasis regulator, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which induces heat shock proteins to respond to proteotoxic stress. Although the importance of HSF1 in restoring cellular homeostasis is well‐established, its potential role in liver fibrosis is unknown. Here, we show that HSF1 messenger RNA is induced in human cirrhotic and murine fibrotic livers. Hepatocytes exhibit nuclear HSF1, whereas stellate cells expressing alpha smooth muscle actin do not express nuclear HSF1 in human cirrhosis. Interestingly, despite nuclear HSF1, murine fibrotic livers did not show induction of HSF1 DNA binding activity compared with controls. HSF1‐deficient mice exhibit augmented HSC activation and fibrosis despite limited pro‐inflammatory cytokine response and display delayed fibrosis resolution. Stellate cell and hepatocyte‐specific HSF1 knockout mice exhibit higher induction of profibrogenic response, suggesting an important role for HSF1 in HSC activation and fibrosis. Stable expression of dominant negative HSF1 promotes fibrogenic activation of HSCs. Overactivation of HSF1 decreased phosphorylation of JNK and prevented HSC activation, supporting a protective role for HSF1. Our findings identify an unconventional role for HSF1 in liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Our results show that deficiency of HSF1 is associated with exacerbated HSC activation promoting liver fibrosis, whereas activation of HSF1 prevents profibrogenic HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aveline A Filliol
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Agborbesong E, Li LX, Li L, Li X. Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation, Inflammation, and Cell Death in ADPKD. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:922428. [PMID: 35847973 PMCID: PMC9277309 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.922428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder, which is caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, characterizing by progressive growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys, eventually leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and requiring renal replacement therapy. In addition, studies indicate that disease progression is as a result of a combination of factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, therefore, should facilitate the development of precise therapeutic strategies for ADPKD treatment. The roles of epigenetic modulation, interstitial inflammation, and regulated cell death have recently become the focuses in ADPKD. Different epigenetic regulators, and the presence of inflammatory markers detectable even before cyst growth, have been linked to cyst progression. Moreover, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and T cells, have been associated with cyst growth and deteriorating renal function in humans and PKD animal models. There is evidence supporting a direct role of the PKD gene mutations to the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and inflammatory response in ADPKD. In addition, the role of regulated cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis, have been investigated in ADPKD. However, there is no consensus whether cell death promotes or delays cyst growth in ADPKD. It is therefore necessary to develop an interactive picture between PKD gene mutations, the epigenome, inflammation, and cell death to understand why inherited PKD gene mutations in patients may result in the dysregulation of these processes that increase the progression of renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Linda Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Toy JA, Kroeker KJ, Logan CA, Takeshita Y, Longo GC, Bernardi G. Upwelling-level acidification and pH/pCO 2 variability moderate effects of ocean acidification on brain gene expression in the temperate surfperch, Embiotoca jacksoni. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4707-4725. [PMID: 35821657 PMCID: PMC9545418 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acidification-induced changes in neurological function have been documented in several tropical marine fishes. Here, we investigate whether similar patterns of neurological impacts are observed in a temperate Pacific fish that naturally experiences regular and often large shifts in environmental pH/pCO2 . In two laboratory experiments, we tested the effect of acidification, as well as pH/pCO2 variability, on gene expression in the brain tissue of a common temperate kelp forest/estuarine fish, Embiotoca jacksoni. Experiment 1 employed static pH treatments (target pH = 7.85/7.30), while Experiment 2 incorporated two variable treatments that oscillated around corresponding static treatments with the same mean (target pH = 7.85/7.70) in an eight-day cycle (amplitude ± 0.15). We found that patterns of global gene expression differed across pH level treatments. Additionally, we identified differential expression of specific genes and enrichment of specific gene sets (GSEA) in comparisons of static pH treatments and in comparisons of static and variable pH treatments of the same mean pH. Importantly, we found that pH/pCO2 variability decreased the number of differentially expressed genes detected between high and low pH treatments, and that inter-individual variability in gene expression was greater in variable treatments than static treatments. These results provide important confirmation of neurological impacts of acidification in a temperate fish species and, critically, that natural environmental variability may mediate the impacts of ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Toy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Cheryl A Logan
- Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, United States
| | - Yuichiro Takeshita
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States
| | - Gary C Longo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.,NRC Research Associateship Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Giacomo Bernardi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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Ambivalent Roles of Oxidative Stress in Triangular Relationships among Arthropod Vectors, Pathogens and Hosts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071254. [PMID: 35883744 PMCID: PMC9312350 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-feeding arthropods, particularly ticks and mosquitoes are considered the most important vectors of arthropod-borne diseases affecting humans and animals. While feeding on blood meals, arthropods are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) since heme and other blood components can induce oxidative stress. Different ROS have important roles in interactions among the pathogens, vectors, and hosts. ROS influence various metabolic processes of the arthropods and some have detrimental effects. In this review, we investigate the various roles of ROS in these arthropods, including their innate immunity and the homeostasis of their microbiomes, that is, how ROS are utilized to maintain the balance between the natural microbiota and potential pathogens. We elucidate the mechanism of how ROS are utilized to fight off invading pathogens and how the arthropod-borne pathogens use the arthropods’ antioxidant mechanism to defend against these ROS attacks and their possible impact on their vector potentials or their ability to acquire and transmit pathogens. In addition, we describe the possible roles of ROS in chemical insecticide/acaricide activity and/or in the development of resistance. Overall, this underscores the importance of the antioxidant system as a potential target for the control of arthropod and arthropod-borne pathogens.
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Meng T, Deng J, Xiao D, Arowolo MA, Liu C, Chen L, Deng W, He S, He J. Protective Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Dietary Resveratrol Supplementation on the Spleen of Broilers Under Heat Stress. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821272. [PMID: 35651504 PMCID: PMC9150503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of RSV supplementation on the inflammatory responses of broilers during heat stress. A total of 432 28-d-old white-feathered broilers (817 crossbred chicken) with an average weight of 549 ± 4 g were randomly allotted to 4 equal groups (Half male and half female, 6 replicates/group, 18 chickens/replicate), including normal temperature (NT) group (24 ± 2°C for 24 h/d, basal diet), NT+RSV group (24 ± 2°C for 24 h/d, basal diet + RSV), heat stress (HT) group (37 ± 2°C for 8 h/d, basal diet), and HT+RSV group (37 ± 2°C for 8 h/d, basal diet + RSV). Serum samples were collected on d 7 and 14 of heat stress, and thymus, spleen, jejunum, and bursa of Fabricius samples were collected and analyzed on d14. RSV treatment decreased the feed conversion ratio, partially reversed the negative alternations in body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake caused by heat stress. RSV treatment also decreased the elevated levels of corticosterone on d 14, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and triiodothyronine in serum on d 7 caused by heat stress, and significantly increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum on d 14. Dietary RSV also reduced heat stress-induced splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. TUNEL assay showed that RSV significantly reduced heat stress-induced the number of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, RSV down-regulated some splenic related genes for apoptosis genes, including BCL-2, Apaf-1, and MDM2 mRNA levels induced by heat stress. According to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the differential genes between HT and HT + RSV groups were mainly associated with immune system process, hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The relative mRNA expression of NF-κB, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and p38 MAPK were markedly decreased by the combination of RSV and heat stress. These findings showed that RSV might reduce the splenic inflammatory response in heat-stressed white-feather broilers by inhibiting heat stress-induced activation of NF-B, MAPK, and HSP70, as well as inhibiting the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Juying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture, Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture, Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
| | - Shaoping He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture, Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
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40
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Vannamahaxay S, Sornpet B, Pringproa K, Patchanee P, Chuammitri P. Transcriptome analysis of infected Crandell Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells by canine parvovirus type 2c Laotian isolates. Gene X 2022; 822:146324. [PMID: 35182681 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of RNA sequencing technology provides insight into the dynamic nature of tremendous transcripts within Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells in response to canine parvovirus (CPV-2c) infection. A total of 1,603 genes displayed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 789 up-regulated genes and 814 downregulated genes in the infected cells. Gene expression profiles have shown a subtle pattern of defense mechanism and immune response to CPV through significant DEGs when extensively examined via Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis. Prospective GO analysis was performed and identified several enriched GO biological process terms with significant participating roles in the immune system process and defense response to virus pathway. A Gene network was constructed using the 22 most significantly enriched genes of particular interests in defense response to virus pathways to illustrate the key pathways. Eleven genes (C1QBP, CD40, HYAL2, IFNB1, IFNG, IL12B, IL6, IRF3, LSM14A, MAVS, NLRC5) were identified, which are directly related to the defense response to the virus. Results of transcriptome profiling permit us to understand the heterogeneity of DEGs during in vitro experimental study of CPV infection, reflecting a unique transcriptome signature for the CPV virus. Our findings also demonstrate a distinct scenario of enhanced CPV responses in CRFK cells for viral clearance that involved multistep and perplexity of biological processes. Collectively, our data have given a fundamental role in anti-viral immunity as our highlights of this study, thus providing outlooks on future research priorities to be important in studying CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulasack Vannamahaxay
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Benjaporn Sornpet
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
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41
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Kohli A, Sauerhering L, Fehling SK, Klann K, Geiger H, Becker S, Koch B, Baer PC, Strecker T, Münch C. Proteomic landscape of SARS-CoV-2- and MERS-CoV-infected primary human renal epithelial cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201371. [PMID: 35110370 PMCID: PMC8814637 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, host cell changes underlying infection of renal cells with SARS-CoV-2 remain unknown and prevent understanding of the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to renal pathology. Here, we carried out quantitative translatome and whole-cell proteomics analyses of primary renal proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells derived from human donors infected with SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV to disseminate virus and cell type-specific changes over time. Our findings revealed shared pathways modified upon infection with both viruses, as well as SARS-CoV-2-specific host cell modulation driving key changes in innate immune activation and cellular protein quality control. Notably, MERS-CoV infection-induced specific changes in mitochondrial biology that were not observed in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we identified extensive modulation in pathways associated with kidney failure that changed in a virus- and cell type-specific manner. In summary, we provide an overview of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV infection on primary renal epithelial cells revealing key pathways that may be essential for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Kohli
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucie Sauerhering
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Gieβen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Fehling
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Klann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helmut Geiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Gieβen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick C Baer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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42
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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Kaszubowska L, Foerster J, Kmieć Z. NKT-like (CD3 + CD56+) cells differ from T cells in expression level of cellular protective proteins and sensitivity to stimulation in the process of ageing. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35410272 PMCID: PMC8996639 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKT-like cells are T lymphocytes coexpressing several NK cell-associated receptors. They are effector lymphocytes of innate and adaptive immunity, and their number increases with age. The study aimed to analyze the expression of cellular protective proteins, i.e. sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in NKT-like and T cells of the young ('young', 31 subjects, age range 19-24 years), seniors aged under 85 ('old'; 30 subjects, age range 65-84 years) and seniors aged over 85 ('oldest', 24 subjects, age range 85-94 years). Both NKT-like and T cells were cultured for 48 h and stimulated with IL-2, LPS and PMA with ionomycin and compared with unstimulated control cells. RESULTS The oldest seniors varied from the other age groups by significantly increased expression of SIRT1 and HSP70 in both NKT-like and T cells observed in both stimulated and nonstimulated cells. The analyzed lymphocyte populations of the oldest revealed not only the highest expression of these proteins but also insensitivity to all types of applied stimulation. When NKT-like cells were compared to T cells, higher expression of the studied protective proteins was observed in both stimulated and unstimulated NKT-like cells. Neither CD3 + CD56+ nor CD3+ cells revealed elevated expression of SOD2, and these cells responded to stimulation until very advanced age. T cells revealed higher sensitivity to stimulation with IL-2 regarding SIRT1 and HSP70 expression. NKT-like cells were more sensitive to stimulation with PMA and ionomycin concerning the expression of these proteins. IL-2 did not induce a significant increase in SOD2 expression in the studied age groups. CONCLUSIONS The oldest seniors developed an adaptive stress response in both T and NKT-like cells regarding the expression of SIRT1 and HSP70, which was increased and insensitive to further stimulation in contrast to SOD2, which showed a more inducible pattern of expression. CD3 + CD56+ cells exhibited higher expression of cellular protective proteins than CD3+ cells in both stimulated and control, nonstimulated cells. NKT-like and T cells showed a distinct sensitivity to the applied stimulatory factors in the respective age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kaszubowska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Social and Clinical Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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44
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Kapplusch F, Schulze F, Reinke S, Russ S, Linge M, Kulling F, Kriechling F, Höhne K, Winkler S, Hartmann H, Rösen-Wolff A, Anastassiadis K, Hedrich CM, Hofmann SR. RIP2-deficiency induces inflammation in response to SV40 Large T induced genotoxic stress through altered ROS homeostasis. Clin Immunol 2022; 238:108998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Lu S, Wu X, Xin S, Zhang J, Lin H, Miao Y, Li Y. Knockdown of circ_0001679 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced MLE-12 lung cell injury by regulating the miR-338-3p/ mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5803-5817. [PMID: 35264058 PMCID: PMC8973724 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2034564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of circ_0001679 was reported in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury mouse model, but its functional roles and mechanisms in LPS-induced lung injury remain to be investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential role of circ_0001679 in septic acute lung injury. We initially established an in vitro lung cell injury model using LPS-treated MLE-12 cells. siRNAs targeting circRNA_0001679 were employed to stably knock down circRNA_0001679, followed by functional assays to investigate the effect of circRNA_0001679 silencing. The levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-β and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α) were detected by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Meanwhile, protein levels of Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase 3, Bax, and MAPK1 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1) proteins expression level were measured by Western blot. We found that Circ_0001679 was upregulated in LPS-induced MLE-12 cells, and silencing circ_0001679 attenuated the growth inhibition and suppressed apoptosis induced by LPS. Circ_0001679 knockdown also lowered levels of IL-6, IL-β and TNF-α, and prevent the activation of cleaved-caspase 3 protein. We further revealed that circ_0001679 functioned as a sponge of miR-338-3p to negatively regulate miR-338-3p activity. miR-338-3p downregulated its downstream target MAPK1, while the upregulation of circ_0001679 maintained a high-level expression of MAPK1 by suppressing miR-338-3p. Collectively, our study indicates that circ_0001679/miR-338-3p/MAPK1 axis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggui Lu
- Intensive Care Unit, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian Provice, China
| | - Shuai Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hanying Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Nursing, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Quanzhou, China
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46
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Segner H, Rehberger K, Bailey C, Bo J. Assessing Fish Immunotoxicity by Means of In Vitro Assays: Are We There Yet? Front Immunol 2022; 13:835767. [PMID: 35296072 PMCID: PMC8918558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness that a range of environmental chemicals target the immune system of fish and may compromise the resistance towards infectious pathogens. Existing concepts to assess chemical hazards to fish, however, do not consider immunotoxicity. Over recent years, the application of in vitro assays for ecotoxicological hazard assessment has gained momentum, what leads to the question whether in vitro assays using piscine immune cells might be suitable to evaluate immunotoxic potentials of environmental chemicals to fish. In vitro systems using primary immune cells or immune cells lines have been established from a wide array of fish species and basically from all immune tissues, and in principal these assays should be able to detect chemical impacts on diverse immune functions. In fact, in vitro assays were found to be a valuable tool in investigating the mechanisms and modes of action through which environmental agents interfere with immune cell functions. However, at the current state of knowledge the usefulness of these assays for immunotoxicity screening in the context of chemical hazard assessment appears questionable. This is mainly due to a lack of assay standardization, and an insufficient knowledge of assay performance with respect to false positive or false negative signals for the different toxicant groups and different immune functions. Also the predictivity of the in vitro immunotoxicity assays for the in vivo immunotoxic response of fishes is uncertain. In conclusion, the currently available database is too limited to support the routine application of piscine in vitro assays as screening tool for assessing immunotoxic potentials of environmental chemicals to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Rehberger
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, China
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Xiao T, Ji H, Shangguan X, Qu S, Cui Y, Xu J. NLRP3 inflammasome of microglia promotes A1 astrocyte transformation, neo-neuron decline and cognition impairment in endotoxemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:1-7. [PMID: 35247698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection, predominantly induced by gram-negative bacteria, is a critical health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. Advance of techniques, such as antibiotics and life-supporting modality, allows a decreasing death rate of patients with infection in recent decades. Nevertheless, infection-associated complications, in particular cognitive dysfunction, largely influence the mortality of patients and the life quality of survivors. However, the effective medicine is still scant due to the poor interpretion of underlying mechanisms. Herein, we determined multiple cytokines of cerebrospinal fluid in mice challenged with various doses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-a pathogenic component of gram-negative bacteria, and found that IL-1β, the downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome, was boosted to a peak extent after a challenge of LPS in high dose. Genetically knockout of Nlrp3 or the downstreams, such as Asc and Gsdmd, dramatically restored LPS-induced cognitive impairment, which was attributed to inhibiting microglia-induced A1 astrocytes and so-caused neo-neuron decline. Taken together, NLRP3 inflammasome of microglia promotes transformation of A1 astrocytes and consequently exacerbates neo-neuron decline, resulting in cognitive impairment after a challenge of LPS. Our study thus discovers a novel understanding in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction, and indicates that NLRP3 inflammasome would be a promising target in the treatment of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China
| | - Heyu Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, PR China
| | - Xuejuan Shangguan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China
| | - Yulong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, PR China.
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, PR China.
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Eliminating chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by IRAK1/4 inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:271. [PMID: 35022428 PMCID: PMC8755781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are quiescent, insensitive to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and responsible for CML relapse. Therefore, eradicating quiescent CML LSCs is a major goal in CML therapy. Here, using a G0 marker (G0M), we narrow down CML LSCs as G0M- and CD27- double positive cells among the conventional CML LSCs. Whole transcriptome analysis reveals NF-κB activation via inflammatory signals in imatinib-insensitive quiescent CML LSCs. Blocking NF-κB signals by inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4 (IRAK1/4 inhibitors) together with imatinib eliminates mouse and human CML LSCs. Intriguingly, IRAK1/4 inhibitors attenuate PD-L1 expression on CML LSCs, and blocking PD-L1 together with imatinib also effectively eliminates CML LSCs in the presence of T cell immunity. Thus, IRAK1/4 inhibitors can eliminate CML LSCs through inhibiting NF-κB activity and reducing PD-L1 expression. Collectively, the combination of TKIs and IRAK1/4 inhibitors is an attractive strategy to achieve a radical cure of CML.
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Osman AE, Brema I, AlQurashi A, Al-Jurayyan A, Bradley B, Hamza MA. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs 2070874 at Interleukin-4 is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus independently of human leukocyte antigens. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221090330. [PMID: 35404688 PMCID: PMC9006359 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221090330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta (β-) cells. Previous studies suggested an imbalance between and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines exacerbates T1DM development. Objectives We aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with T1DM carry a higher frequency of regulatory genes associated with low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), its receptor (IL-4R), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Methods Accordingly, we compared frequencies of five different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in T1DM patients and healthy controls who had been typed for HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 genes. Results The frequencies of rs2070874 (IL-4) alleles C and T differed between T1DM patients and controls (cp = 0.0065), as did their codominant (cp = 0.026) and recessive (cp = 0.015) models. Increased frequencies were observed in T1DM patients for HLA alleles: DRB1*03 (pc < 0.0013), DRB1*04 (cp = 0.0169), DQA1*03 (cp = 0.0222), DQA1*05 (cp < 0.0006), DQB1*02 (cp = 0.0005), and DQB1*06 (cp < 0.0005). And lower frequencies were observed for: DRB1*07 (cp = 0.0078), DRB1*11 (cp = 0.0013), DRB1*13 (cp < 0.0364), DRB1*15 (cp < 0.0013), DQA1*01 (cp < 0.0006), and DQA1*02 (cp = 0.0348). Certain DRB1: DQA1: DQB1 haplotypes showed greater frequencies, including, 03:05:02 (p < 0.0001) and 04:03:03 (p = 0.0017), whereas others showed lower frequencies, including, 07:02:02 (p = 0.0032), 11:05:03 (p = 0.0007), and 15:01:06 (p = 0.0002). Stratification for the above HLA haplotypes with rs2070874 C/C exhibited no significant differences between T1DM patients overall and controls. However, when stratified for the vulnerable HLA haplotype (03:05:02/04:03:03), young patients in whom T1DM began at ≤13 years had a higher frequency of the SNP (rs2070874 C/C); a gene associated with low IL-4 production (p < 0.024). Conclusion This study suggests that possession of the rs2070874 C/C genotype, which is associated with low production of IL-4, increases the risk of T1DM in young individuals carrying vulnerable HLA alleles/haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad E Osman
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad Brema
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa AlQurashi
- Research Center, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Jurayyan
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Bradley
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, 175150National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Muaawia A Hamza
- Research Center, 37849King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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