99901
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Strickland M, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Pender SLF, Larbi A. Relationships Between Ion Channels, Mitochondrial Functions and Inflammation in Human Aging. Front Physiol 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30881309 PMCID: PMC6405477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often associated with a loss of function. We believe aging to be more an adaptation to the various, and often continuous, stressors encountered during life in order to maintain overall functionality of the systems. The maladaptation of a system during aging may increase the susceptibility to diseases. There are basic cellular functions that may influence and/or are influenced by aging. Mitochondrial function is amongst these. Their presence in almost all cell types makes of these valuable targets for interventions to slow down or even reserve signs of aging. In this review, the role of mitochondria and essential physiological regulators of mitochondria and cellular functions, ion channels, will be discussed in the context of human aging. The origins of inflamm-aging, associated with poor clinical outcomes, will be linked to mitochondria and ion channel biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Strickland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Medical School of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylvia L. F. Pender
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Chinese University of Hong Kong – University of Southampton Joint Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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99902
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Li B, Espósito BP, Wang S, Zhang J, Xu M, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Liu S. Desferrioxamine-caffeine shows improved efficacy in chelating iron and depleting cancer stem cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:232-238. [PMID: 30732888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron chelation has already been proposed to be a feasible strategy for cancer therapeutics in that reinforced iron demand is demonstrated in cancer cells, and quite a few iron chelators have been developed for this purpose. Desferrioxamine (DFO), an iron chelator approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been extensively examined to remove extra iron. However, DFO has been found to harbor limited efficacies in combating cancer cells due to poor cellular permeability. In the current study, we synthesized the DFO derivative, named as desferrioxamine-caffeine dimer (DFCAF) by linking DFO to caffeine with high purity and excellent stability. Our data showed that DFCAF displayed greater cellular permeability to chelate intracellular iron in 4T1 breast cancer cells than DFO, posing more inhibition on cell growth and cellular motility/invasion. Importantly, DFCAF was uncovered to remarkably deplete cancer stem cells (CSCs), as characterized by the remarkable decrease of the CD44+/high/CD24-/low and ALDH+/high subpopulation. In parallel, DFCAF was also found to greatly reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting the potential application to restrain tumor progression and metastasis. Collectively, these data unveiled the improved efficacy to target cancer cells and to deplete CSCs, thus opening a new path for better cancer therapeutics through iron chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Breno Pannia Espósito
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Shunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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99903
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Zhang W, Chen L, Xu Y, Deng Y, Zhang L, Qin Y, Wang Z, Liu R, Zhou Z, Diao J. Amphibian (Rana nigromaculata)exposed to cyproconazole: Changes in growth index, behavioral endpoints, antioxidant biomarkers, thyroid and gonad development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:62-70. [PMID: 30639745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major cause of reduction in the global population of amphibians. This study investigates the effect of varying concentrations of cyproconazole (1 and 10 mg/L) on Rana nigromaculata during a chronic 90 days exposure period. High levels of cyproconazole (10 mg/L) induced declined body weight, short snout-vent length, slow metamorphic development and abnormal behavioral endpoints in R. nigromaculata tadpoles. Tadpoles exposed to 10 mg/L did not survive beyond 42 days. Abnormal behaviors were observed more frequently with exposure to the highest concentration of cyproconazole. Compared with controls, the concentrations of dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased in tadpoles exposed to 1 mg/L cyproconazole. However, when the concentration of cyproconazole increased to 10 mg/L, concentrations of SOD, GSH and CAT activity began to decline. In addition, thyroid and gonad development were also affected at the gene and hormone level, with varied effects observed with different exposure levels and days. Exposure to cyproconazole at the lower level of 1 mg/L induced damage to histological structures of the thyroid gland. Stereoselective tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of cyproconazole was observed in tadpoles. The ranked order of bioaccumulation was: enantiomer -4 > 3> 2 > 1, with the level of cyproconazole highest in the gut. These findings reflect the toxicity of cyproconazole to R. nigromaculata and further our understanding of the effects of pesticide exposure on global amphibian population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- ICU, Binzhou City People's Hospital, Wenhua Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256800, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinan Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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99904
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Na J, Choi SA, Khan A, Huh JY, Piao L, Hwang I, Ha H, Park YH. Integrative Omics Reveals Metabolic and Transcriptomic Alteration of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Catalase Knockout Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:134-144. [PMID: 30630288 PMCID: PMC6430223 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased with the incidence of obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) along with transcriptomics were applied on animal models to draw a mechanistic insight of NAFLD. Wild type (WT) and catalase knockout (CKO) mice were fed with normal fat diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD) to identify the changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles caused by catalase gene deletion in correspondence with HFD. Integrated omics analysis revealed that cholic acid and 3β, 7α-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate along with cyp7b1 gene involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis were strongly affected by HFD. The analysis also showed that CKO significantly changed all-trans-5,6-epoxy-retinoic acid or all-trans-4-hydroxy-retinoic acid and all-trans-4-oxo-retinoic acid along with cyp3a41b gene in retinol metabolism, and α/γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and thromboxane A2 along with ptgs1 and tbxas1 genes in linolenic acid metabolism. Our results suggest that dysregulated primary bile acid biosynthesis may contribute to liver steatohepatitis, while up-regulated retinol metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism may have contributed to oxidative stress and inflammatory phenomena in our NAFLD model created using CKO mice fed with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Na
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo An Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Adnan Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Lingjuan Piao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Inah Hwang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngja H Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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99905
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Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P, Maneesai P, Prachaney P, Boonprom P. Carthamus Tinctorius L. extract attenuates cardiac remodeling in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase-mediated TGF-β1 and MMP-9 pathway. Ann Anat 2019; 222:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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99906
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Xu Z, Wang C, Dong X, Hu T, Wang L, Zhao W, Zhu S, Li G, Hu Y, Gao Q, Wan J, Liu Z, Sun J. Chronic alcohol exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and its correlations with neuropsychic behaviors and brain BDNF/Gabra1 changes in mice. Biofactors 2019; 45:187-199. [PMID: 30417952 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addiction can cause brain dysfunction and many other diseases. Recently, increasing evidences have suggested that gut microbiota plays a vital role in regulating alcohol addiction. However, the exact mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Here, our study focused on the intestinal bacteria alternations and their correlations with alcohol-induced neuropsychic behaviors. When consuming alcohol over 3-week period, animals gradually displayed anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing showed significant intestinal microflora dysbiosis and distinct community composition. Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were both increased at the phylum level. At the genus level, Adlercreutzia spp., Allobaculum spp., and Turicibacter spp. were increased whereas Helicobacter spp. was decreased. We also found that the distances in inner zone measured by open field test and 4% (v/v) alcohol preference percentages were significantly correlated with Adlercreutzia spp. The possible mechanisms were explored and we found the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and α1 subunit of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (Gabra1) were both decreased in prefrontal cortex (PFC). Especially, further correlation analyses demonstrated that decreased Adlercreutzia spp. was positively correlated with alcohol preference and negatively correlated with anxiety-like behavior and BDNF/Gabra1 changes in PFC. Similar relationships were observed between Allobaculum spp. and alcohol preference and BDNF changes. Helicobacter spp. and Turicibacter spp. were also correlated with PFC BDNF and hippocampus Gabra1 level. Taken together, our study showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis during chronic alcohol exposure was closely correlated with alcohol-induced neuropsychic behaviors and BDNF/Gabra1 expression, which provides a new perspective for understanding underlying mechanisms in alcohol addiction. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):187-199, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Dong
- Department of Orthopedic, Osteological Hospital of Yishengjian, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Osteological Hospital of Yishengjian, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Hematology, School of Nursing Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guibao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlai Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiale Wan
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengxun Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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99907
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Alam MM, Hassan AH, Lee KW, Cho MC, Yang JS, Song J, Min KH, Hong J, Kim DH, Lee YS. Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of chimeric erlotinib-alkylphospholipid hybrids. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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99908
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Hellerbrand C. Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase for the treatment of liver disease: tempting but still playing with fire. Gut 2019; 68:382-384. [PMID: 30442681 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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99909
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Steele TWE, Eltit JM. Using Ca 2+-channel biosensors to profile amphetamines and cathinones at monoamine transporters: electro-engineering cells to detect potential new psychoactive substances. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:973-988. [PMID: 30448989 PMCID: PMC6525079 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appearance of stimulant-class new psychoactive substances (NPS) is a frequent and significant problem in our society. Cathinone variants are often sold illegally as 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine ("ecstasy") or disguised for legal sale using misleading names such as "bath salts" and carry the risk of promoting disruptive mental states, addiction, and fatal overdose. The principal targets of these recreational drugs are monoamine transporters expressed in catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Some transporter ligands can be transported into cells, where they can promote a massive release of neurotransmitters through reverse transport, and others can block uptake. A ligand's dopamine vs. serotonin transporter selectivity, potency, and activity as a substrate or blocker can help elucidate the abuse liability and subjective effects of a drug. OBJECTIVES Here, we describe the discovery, development, and validation of an emerging methodology for compound activity assessment at monoamine transporters. KEY FINDINGS Substrates generate inward electrical currents through transporters and can depolarize the plasma membrane, whereas blockers work as a "cork in a bottle" and function as antagonists. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels were co-expressed with monoamine transporters in cultured cells and used to measure fluctuations of the membrane electrical potential. In this system, substrates of monoamine transporters produce reliable dose-dependent Ca2+ signals, while blockers hinder them. DISCUSSION This system constitutes a novel use of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels as biosensors for the purpose of characterizing ligand activity at monoamine transporters using fluorimetry. This approach in combination with in vivo evaluations of drugs' abuse-related effects is a powerful strategy for anticipating potential stimulant-class NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W E Steele
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E Marshall St. Rm# 3-038H, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jose M Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E Marshall St. Rm# 3-038H, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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99910
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An overview of organosulfur compounds from Allium spp.: From processing and preservation to evaluation of their bioavailability, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Food Chem 2019; 276:680-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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99911
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Mage RG, Esteves PJ, Rader C. Rabbit models of human diseases for diagnostics and therapeutics development. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:99-104. [PMID: 30339876 PMCID: PMC6364550 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents some examples of studies using the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that have led to, and continue to, contribute to advancement of understanding of human diseases as well as therapeutics development. In addition, we tabulate FDA-approved rabbit polyclonal and rabbit monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are used for diagnostic applications, as well as an overview of some "humanized" or otherwise altered rabbit mAbs that are in initial phase I, II, or advanced to phase III clinical trials. Information about endogenous retriviruses learned from studies of rabbits and other members of the order Lagomorpha are summarized as this knowledge now applies to new therapeutics being developed for several human diseases including Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose G Mage
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bldg 10 11N311, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1892, USA.
| | - Pedro J Esteves
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
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99912
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Butler K, Le Foll B. Impact of Substance Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy on Executive Function: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:98. [PMID: 30881320 PMCID: PMC6405638 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are chronic, relapsing, and harmful conditions characterized by executive dysfunction. While there are currently no approved pharmacotherapy options for stimulant and cannabis use disorders, there are several evidence-based options available to help reduce symptoms during detoxification and aid long-term cessation for those with tobacco, alcohol and opioid use disorders. While these medication options have shown clinical efficacy, less is known regarding their potential to enhance executive function. This narrative review aims to provide a brief overview of research that has investigated whether commonly used pharmacotherapies for these substance use disorders (nicotine, bupropion, varenicline, disulfiram, acamprosate, nalmefene, naltrexone, methadone, buprenorphine, and lofexidine) effect three core executive function components (working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility). While pharmacotherapy-induced enhancement of executive function may improve cessation outcomes in dependent populations, there are limited and inconsistent findings regarding the effects of these medications on executive function. We discuss possible reasons for the mixed findings and suggest some future avenues of work that may enhance the understanding of addiction pharmacotherapy and cognitive training interventions and lead to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Butler
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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99913
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Pedersen MG, Tagliavini A, Henquin JC. Calcium signaling and secretory granule pool dynamics underlie biphasic insulin secretion and its amplification by glucose: experiments and modeling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E475-E486. [PMID: 30620637 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00380.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is controlled by a triggering pathway that culminates in calcium influx and regulated exocytosis of secretory granules, and by a less understood amplifying pathway that augments calcium-induced exocytosis. In response to an abrupt increase in glucose concentration, insulin secretion exhibits a first peak followed by a lower sustained second phase. This biphasic secretion pattern is disturbed in diabetes. It has been attributed to depletion and subsequent refilling of a readily releasable pool of granules or to the phasic cytosolic calcium dynamics induced by glucose. Here, we apply mathematical modeling to experimental data from mouse islets to investigate how calcium and granule pool dynamics interact to control dynamic insulin secretion. Experimental calcium traces are used as inputs in three increasingly complex models of pool dynamics, which are fitted to insulin secretory patterns obtained using a set of protocols of glucose and tolbutamide stimulation. New calcium and secretion data for so-called staircase protocols, in which the glucose concentration is progressively increased, are presented. These data can be reproduced without assuming any heterogeneity in the model, in contrast to previous modeling, because of nontrivial calcium dynamics. We find that amplification by glucose can be explained by increased mobilization and priming of granules. Overall, our results indicate that calcium dynamics contribute substantially to shaping insulin secretion kinetics, which implies that better insight into the events creating phasic calcium changes in human β-cells is needed to understand the cellular mechanisms that disturb biphasic insulin secretion in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Gram Pedersen
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
- Department of Mathematics "Tullio Levi-Civita, " University of Padova , Padova , Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Alessia Tagliavini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
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99914
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Berezin AE. Prognostication of clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus: Emerging role of cardiac biomarkers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:995-1003. [PMID: 31336558 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains substantial health problem and one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide. The impact of T2DM on CV mortality and morbidity is embedded through a nature evolution of the disease and is modulated by numerous risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia. There is large body of evidence regarding use of the cardiac biomarkers to risk stratification at higher CV risk individuals who belongs to general population and cohort with established CV disease. Although T2DM patients have higher incidence of cardiac and vascular complications than the general population, whether cardiac biomarkers would be effective to risk stratification of the T2DM is not fully understood. The aim of the review is to summarize our knowledge regarding clinical implementation of cardiac biomarkers in risk assessment for T2DM patients. The role of natriuretic peptides, soluble ST2, galectin-3, growth differentiation factor-15, and cardiac troponins are widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical University of Zaporozhye, Mayakovsky av., 25, Zaporozhye, 69035, Ukraine.
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99915
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Hoffner B, Rubin KM. Meeting the Challenge of Immune-Related Adverse Events With Optimized Telephone Triage and Dedicated Oncology Acute Care. J Adv Pract Oncol 2019; 10:9-20. [PMID: 33014514 PMCID: PMC7522662 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2019.10.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for many patients with advanced cancers. However, managing the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with these agents is challenging. Late recognition and/or inadequate irAE management can result in ICI discontinuation or termination, negatively impacting patient outcomes and increasing unplanned emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and costs of care. Improved clinician training and infrastructure development are needed to adequately address irAEs and maximize the potential benefits of ICIs. Advanced practice providers (APPs) are well positioned to drive these improvements. Two aspects of care may reduce the burden of irAE management: improved telephone triage and the implementation of dedicated oncology acute care services. Evidence-based protocols should be used for telephone triage. Protocol development may benefit from an evaluation of current irAE management guidelines together with resources from the Melanoma Nursing Initiative and Immuno-Oncology Essentials. Patients and their caregivers must be educated to recognize and report early symptoms suggestive of an irAE, thereby supporting triage efforts. Advanced practice providers should also advocate for the development of dedicated oncology acute care facilities staffed with clinicians well trained to recognize, grade, and manage irAEs. This manuscript reviews multiple existing models of telephone triage and dedicated oncology acute care. Oncology APPs are poised to lead the staffing, infrastructure, and educational changes necessary to reduce the burden of irAEs in patients receiving ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Hoffner
- University of Colorado Cancer Center-Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado; and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krista M Rubin
- University of Colorado Cancer Center-Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado; and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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99916
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) care requires timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. Evaluation involves structured patient and caregiver history and symptom-function reviews, examination, and testing (laboratory and neuroimaging) to delineate impairment level, determine the cognitive-behavioral syndrome, and diagnose cause. Clinical biomarkers are available to aid high confidence in etiologic diagnosis. Management uses psychoeducation, shared goal setting, and patient-caregiver dyad decision making. When combined, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies mitigate symptoms and reduce clinical progression and care burden. AD biopathologic processes develop over decades before symptoms manifest; this period is increasingly targeted in research as an opportunity to best delay or prevent AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Atri
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Banner Health, 10515 W Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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99917
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Elkins AC, Deseo MA, Rochfort S, Ezernieks V, Spangenberg G. Development of a validated method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cannabinoids in plant biomass and medicinal cannabis resin extracts obtained by super-critical fluid extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1109:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99918
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Ikonne US, Vann PH, Wong JM, Forster MJ, Sumien N. Supplementation with N-Acetyl Cysteine Affects Motor and Cognitive Function in Young but Not Old Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:463-470. [PMID: 30770531 PMCID: PMC6398433 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a thiolic antioxidant that is thought to increase cellular glutathione (GSH) by augmenting the concentration of available cysteine, an essential precursor to GSH production. Manipulating redox status can affect brain function, and NAC intake has been associated with improving brain function in models of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to determine if short-term dietary supplementation with NAC could ameliorate functional impairment associated with aging. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice aged 6, 12, or 24 mo were fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 0.3% NAC for a total of 12 wk. After 4 wk of dietary supplementation, mice began a series of behavioral tests to measure spontaneous activity (locomotor activity test), psychomotor performance (bridge-walking and coordinated running), and cognitive capacity (Morris water maze and discriminated active avoidance). The performance of the mice on these tests was analyzed through the use of analyses of variance with Age and Diet as factors. RESULTS Supplementation of NAC improved peak motor performance in a coordinated running task by 14% (P < 0.05), and increased the time spent around the platform by 24% in a Morris water maze at age 6 mo. However, the supplementation had no to minimal effect on the motor and cognitive functions of 12- and 24-mo-old mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this preclinical study support the claim that NAC has nootropic properties in 6-mo-old mice, but suggest that it may not be useful for improving motor and cognitive impairments in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzoma S Ikonne
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX,Basic Medical Science, School of Osteopathic Medicine Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ
| | - Philip H Vann
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Jessica M Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX,Address correspondence to NS (e-mail: )
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99919
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Wijk A, Canning P, Heijningen RP, Vogels IM, Noorden CJ, Klaassen I, Schlingemann RO. Glucocorticoids exert differential effects on the endothelium in an in vitro model of the blood-retinal barrier. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:214-224. [PMID: 30168271 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as treatment in diabetic macular oedema, a condition caused by blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption. The proposed mechanisms by which GCs reduce macular oedema are indirect anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of VEGF production, but direct effects on the BRB endothelium may be equally important. Here, we investigated direct effects of GCs on the endothelium to understand the specific pathways of GC action, to enable development of novel therapeutics lacking the adverse side-effects of the presently used GCs. METHODS Primary bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) were grown on Transwell inserts and treated with hydrocortisone (HC), dexamethasone (Dex) or triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Molecular barrier integrity of the BRB was determined by mRNA and protein expression, and barrier function was assessed using permeability assays. In addition, we investigated whether TA was able to prevent barrier disruption after stimulation with VEGF or cytokines. RESULTS Treatment of BRECs with GCs resulted in upregulation of tight junction mRNA (claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) and protein (claudin-5 and ZO-1). In functional assays, only TA strengthened the barrier function by reducing endothelial permeability. Moreover, TA was able to prevent cytokine-induced permeability in human retinal endothelial cells and VEGF-induced expression of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), a key player in VEGF-induced retinal vascular leakage. CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids have differential effects in an experimental in vitro BRB model. TA is the most potent in improving barrier function, both at the molecular and functional levels, and TA prevents VEGF-induced expression of PLVAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Eva Wijk
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Ocular Angiogenesis Group Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paul Canning
- The Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Rutger P. Heijningen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Ocular Angiogenesis Group Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ilse M.C. Vogels
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Ocular Angiogenesis Group Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J.F. Noorden
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Ocular Angiogenesis Group Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology National Institute of Biology Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Ocular Angiogenesis Group Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Reinier O. Schlingemann
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Ocular Angiogenesis Group Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Lausanne Jules Gonin Eye Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
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99920
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Zheng X, Huo X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xu X. Cardiovascular endothelial inflammation by chronic coexposure to lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from preschool children in an e-waste recycling area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:587-596. [PMID: 30597391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the possible potential mechanism may be caused by damage to the endothelium by modulation of inflammatory processes. No comprehensive research shows co-exposure of Pb and PAH on cardiovascular endothelial inflammation in electronic waste (e-waste) exposed populations. Given this, the aim of this study is to provide evidence for a relationship between Pb and PAH co-exposure and cardiovascular endothelial inflammation, in an e-waste-exposed population, to delineate the link between a potential mechanism for CVD and environmental exposure. We recruited 203 preschool children (3-7 years) were enrolled from Guiyu (e-waste-exposed group, n = 105) and Haojiang (reference group, n = 98). Blood Pb levels and urinary PAH metabolites were measured. Percentages of T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, complete blood counts, endothelial inflammation biomarker (serum S100A8/A9), and other inflammatory biomarkers [serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p70, gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)] levels were evaluated. Blood Pb, total urinary hydroxylated PAH (ΣOHPAH), total hydroxynaphthalene (ΣOHNap) and total hydroxyfluorene (ΣOHFlu) levels, S100A8/A9, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IP-10 concentrations, absolute counts of monocytes, neutrophils, and leukocytes, as well as CD4+ T cell percentages were significantly higher in exposed children. Elevated blood Pb, urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and ΣOHFlu levels were associated with higher levels of IL-6, IL-12p70, IP-10, CD4+ T cell percentages, neutrophil and monocyte counts. Mediator models indicated that neutrophils exert the significant mediation effect on the relationship between blood Pb levels and S100A8/A9. IL-6 exerts a significant mediation effect on the relationship between blood Pb levels and IP-10, as well as the relationship between urinary ΣOHFlu levels and IP-10. Our results indicate that children with elevated exposure levels of Pb and PAHs have exacerbated vascular endothelial inflammation, which may indicate future CVD risk in e-waste recycling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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99921
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Zhao C, Zhu L, Li R, Wang H, Cai Z. Omics approach reveals metabolic disorders associated with the cytotoxicity of airborne particulate matter in human lung carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:45-52. [PMID: 30529940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) 2.5 induced various adverse health effects, such as metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation and respiratory infection. However, a global influence of PM2.5-induced metabolic and proteomic disorders remains confusing, and the underlying mechanism is still under-explored. Herein, LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, lipidomics and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics were applied to analyze the toxicological characteristics of PM2.5 from Taiyuan City in China (Taiyuan-PM2.5) on human lung carcinoma cells (A549) after the 24-h treatment. Metabolites, lipids and proteins that have distinctive differences were screened by SIEVE, LipidSearch and Proteome Discoverer, respectively. The abundance of 56 metabolites (40 increased and 16 decreased), 22 lipids (19 increased and 3 decreased) and 81 proteins (55 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated) were significantly changed upon the PM2.5 treatment. Among the proteomics analysis, 16 proteins were specifically related to RNA splicing, mainly including up-regulated serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), SRSF2, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa (snRNP70), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B (SNRPB), SNRPC, SNRPE and down-regulated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 2 (hnRNP UL2). At the metabolic level, PM2.5 exposure significantly altered the sphingolipid metabolism, including ceramide, serine, sphingosine and sphingomyelin. It was proposed that excessive accumulation of ceramide and expression of key enzymes (ceramide synthases, phingomyelinase, sphingosine kinase types 2 and protein phosphatase-1) induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, generation of lipotoxicity and alterations of RNA splicing in PM2.5-treated A549 cells. In general, our results demonstrated that ceramide accumulation and altered RNA splicing could becritical contributors to PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity at metabolic and proteomic level, which might be considered as potential markers for toxicological evaluation of PM2.5 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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99922
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Zhou Z, Wei K, Zhang J. The two TRIM25 isoforms were differentially induced in Larimichthys crocea post poly (I:C) stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:672-679. [PMID: 30529437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified and characterized a tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25) gene homologue, LcTRIM25, from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Two isoforms of LcTRIM25, which were generated via alternative splicing, were identified via a molecular analysis of cDNA clones. The long isoform of LcTRIM25 (termed as LcTRIM25-L) contained the full open reading frame of the gene, encoded a protein of 698 amino acid residues, and possessed 11 exons. The short isoform of LcTRIM25 (termed as LcTRIM25-S) contained 9 exons and encoded a protein of 665 amino acid residues. The two LcTRIM25 isoforms contained a conserved Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, a B-box2 domain, a Coiled-coil domain (CCD), and variable C-terminal PRY/SPRY domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two LcTRIM25 isoforms of the large yellow croaker was clustered together with their counterparts from other teleost fish. The Real-time PCR analysis showed that the LcTRIM25-L and LcTRIM25-S isoforms were both ubiquitously expressed in nine examined tissues in the large yellow croaker, with predominant expressions in the liver. The expression levels of the two isoforms of LcTRIM25 were rapidly and significantly upregulated in vivo after poly (I:C) stimulation in peripheral blood, head kidney, spleen and liver. Moreover, LcTRIM25-L and LcTRIM25-S showed differential expression post poly(I:C) stimulation. LcTRIM25 may have a dual role in innate immunity via alternative gene splicing. These results indicated that LcTRIM25 is likely to be involved in antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Ke Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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99923
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Mai HN, Sharma N, Jeong JH, Shin EJ, Pham DT, Trinh QD, Lee YJ, Jang CG, Nah SY, Bing G, Kim HC. P53 knockout mice are protected from cocaine-induced kindling behaviors via inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative burdens, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proapoptotic changes. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99924
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Edward Zhou X, Melcher K, Eric Xu H. Structural biology of G protein-coupled receptor signaling complexes. Protein Sci 2019; 28:487-501. [PMID: 30311978 PMCID: PMC6371222 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of cell surface receptors that mediate numerous cell signaling pathways, and are targets of more than one-third of clinical drugs. Thanks to the advancement of novel structural biology technologies, high-resolution structures of GPCRs in complex with their signaling transducers, including G-protein and arrestin, have been determined. These 3D complex structures have significantly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism of GPCR signaling and provided a structural basis for signaling-biased drug discovery targeting GPCRs. Here we summarize structural studies of GPCR signaling complexes with G protein and arrestin using rhodopsin as a model system, and highlight the key features of GPCR conformational states in biased signaling including the sequence motifs of receptor TM6 that determine selective coupling of G proteins, and the phosphorylation codes of GPCRs for arrestin recruitment. We envision the future of GPCR structural biology not only to solve more high-resolution complex structures but also to show stepwise GPCR signaling complex assembly and disassembly and dynamic process of GPCR signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration ProgramVan Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMichigan
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration ProgramVan Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMichigan
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration ProgramVan Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMichigan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI‐SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug TargetsShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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99925
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Zhang L, Jian LL, Li JY, Jin X, Li LZ, Zhang YL, Gong HY, Cui Y. Possible involvement of alpha B-crystallin in the cardioprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserina L. on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:320-329. [PMID: 30940361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserina L (NP) had protective effect against acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Because of limited phytochemical study on NP, its bioactive compounds and underlying protective mechanisms are largely unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the major bioactive compounds and possible mechanism for the cardioprotective effect of NP on rat with I/R injury. METHODS We analyzed the phytochemical isolation of NP and identified the structure of compounds, which was elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses. An I/R model was established by I-30 min/R-2 h in Sprage-Dawley rats. The rats were given intragastric administration of NP (49.3, 98.6, and 197.2 mg•kg-1) continuously for 10 days before I/R operation. The morphological changes and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were observed by H&E staining, Transmission electron microscope and TUNEL staining respectively. The activities or contents of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in plasma were detected. Apoptosis related factors were also measured by RT-PCR and western blot. In order to discover the underlying mechanism of NP on I/R, we performed proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) to describe differential proteins expression. Potential target protein resulted from 2D-DIGE coupled to MALDI-TOF/MS analysis were further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining, RT-PCR, and western blot. RESULTS We isolated and identified 14 compounds, of which 7 compounds belong to triterpenes. Rats pretreated with NP showed a significant increase on the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT, and remarkable decrease on the content of MDA. NP significantly inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte and decreased the expression of Cyt C and cleaved-caspase-3. Proteomic analysis revealed that alpha B-crystallin (CryAB) might participate in the NP protective effect against I/R. NP enhanced the level of pCryAB Ser59, whereas the expression of CryAB was decreased. CONCLUSION NP was showed to alleviate I/R injury and inhibit myocardial apoptosis, which might be associated with reduction on oxidative stress and apoptosis. CryAB as a possible target involved in the NP protective effect. This study supplied valuable information to develop novel cardioprotective agents from NP extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Le Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Shanxi Provincial Crops Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hai Ying Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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99926
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Popov CSFC, Magalhães BS, Goodfellow BJ, Bocca AL, Pereira DM, Andrade PB, Valentão P, Pereira PJB, Rodrigues JE, de Holanda Veloso PH, Rezende TMB. Host-defense peptides AC12, DK16 and RC11 with immunomodulatory activity isolated from Hypsiboas raniceps skin secretion. Peptides 2019; 113:11-21. [PMID: 30610885 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural defense mechanism of the immune system; however, when unregulated, it can lead to chronic illness. Glucocorticoids are the most commonly used agents to effectively treat inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases, however these substances can trigger a number of side effects. Thus, viable alternatives to the use of these drugs would be advantageous. In this study, we have analyzed the anti-inflammatory profile of three synthetic peptides first identified in skin secretion of the tree frog Hypsiboas raniceps. Structural characterization was performed using NMR spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry, and the peptides were tested in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo in Balb/c mice for their functional properties. The samples did not show a significant antimicrobial profile. NMR spectroscopy indicated that AC12 (ACFLTRLGTYVC) has a disulfide bond between C2 and C11 and a β-sheet-turn-β-sheet conformation in aqueous solution. This peptide showed no cytotoxic effect in mammalian cells and it was the most effective in reducing anti-inflammatory markers, such as NO, TNF-α and IL-12. Peptide DK16 (DKERPICSNTFRGRKC) demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, while RC11 (RCFRRRGKLTC) significantly altered the cell viability in RAW 264.7 but was shown to be safe in Balb/c erythrocytes. Our results indicate that, of the three peptides studied, AC12 is the most efficient in reducing anti-inflammatory markers, and it could be a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S F C Popov
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simas Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo H de Holanda Veloso
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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99927
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Śledziński P, Zeyland J, Slomski R, Nowak-Terpiłowska A. The adverse effects of marijuana use: The present state and future directions. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1561580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Śledziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Slomski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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99928
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Yin Z, Yang G, Deng S, Wang Q. Oxidative stress levels and dynamic changes in mitochondrial gene expression in a radiation-induced lung injury model. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:204-214. [PMID: 30590649 PMCID: PMC6430248 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to set up a beagle dog model, for radiation-induced lung injury, that would be able to supply fresh lung tissues in the different injury phases for research into oxidative stress levels and mitochondrial gene expression. Blood serum and tissues were collected via CT-guided core needle biopsies from dogs in the various phases of the radiation response over a 40-week period. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (MnSOD) protein expression in radiation-induced lung injury were determined by in situ immunocytochemistry; malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reductase activity in the peripheral blood were also tested; in addition, the copy number of the mitochondrial DNA and the level of function of the respiratory chain in the lung tissues were assessed. ROS showed dynamic changes and peaked at 4 weeks; MnSOD was mainly expressed in the Type II alveolar epithelium at 8 weeks; the MDA content and reductase activity in the peripheral blood presented no changes; the copy numbers of most mitochondrial genes peaked at 8 weeks, similarly to the level of function of the corresponding respiratory chain complexes; the level of function of the respiratory chain complex III did not peak until 24 weeks, similarly to the level of function of the corresponding gene Cytb. Radiation-induced lung injury was found to be a dynamically changing process, mainly related to interactions between local ROS, and it was not associated with the levels of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood. Mitochondrial genes and their corresponding respiratory chain complexes were found to be involved in the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Yin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghai Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding author: Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Tel: +86-159-2739-5672; Fax: +86-27-6565-0733;
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99929
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AIM2 gene silencing attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic rat model. Life Sci 2019; 221:249-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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99930
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Shen F, Boccuto L, Pauly R, Srikanth S, Chandrasekaran S. Genome-scale network model of metabolism and histone acetylation reveals metabolic dependencies of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Genome Biol 2019; 20:49. [PMID: 30823893 PMCID: PMC6397465 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays a central role in gene regulation and is sensitive to the levels of metabolic intermediates. However, predicting the impact of metabolic alterations on acetylation in pathological conditions is a significant challenge. Here, we present a genome-scale network model that predicts the impact of nutritional environment and genetic alterations on histone acetylation. It identifies cell types that are sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors based on their metabolic state, and we validate metabolites that alter drug sensitivity. Our model provides a mechanistic framework for predicting how metabolic perturbations contribute to epigenetic changes and sensitivity to deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Rini Pauly
- Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | | | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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99931
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Villaseñor R, Lampe J, Schwaninger M, Collin L. Intracellular transport and regulation of transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1081-1092. [PMID: 30523362 PMCID: PMC6513804 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic multicellular interface that regulates the transport of molecules between the blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. Proteins and peptides required for brain homeostasis cross the blood-brain barrier via transcellular transport, but the mechanisms that control this pathway are not well characterized. Here, we highlight recent studies on intracellular transport and transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier possess an intricate endosomal network that allows sorting to diverse cellular destinations. Internalization from the plasma membrane, endosomal sorting, and exocytosis all contribute to the regulation of transcytosis. Transmembrane receptors and blood-borne proteins utilize different pathways and mechanisms for transport across brain endothelial cells. Alterations to intracellular transport in brain endothelial cells during diseases of the central nervous system contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption and disease progression. Harnessing the intracellular sorting mechanisms at the blood-brain barrier can help improve delivery of biotherapeutics to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuro-Immunology, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
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99932
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Kennedy-Feitosa E, Cattani-Cavalieri I, Barroso MV, Romana-Souza B, Brito-Gitirana L, Valenca SS. Eucalyptol promotes lung repair in mice following cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:70-79. [PMID: 30668445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptol is a monoterpenoid oil present in many plants, principally the Eucalyptus species, and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Since the potential effect of eucalyptol on mouse lung repair has not yet been studied, and considering that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, the aim of this study was to investigate eucalyptol treatment in emphysematous mice. STUDY DESIGN Male mice (C57BL/6) were divided into the following groups: control (sham-exposed), cigarette smoke (CS) (mice exposed to 12 cigarettes a day for 60 days), CS + 1 mg/ml (CS mice treated with 1 mg/ml eucalyptol for 60 days), and CS + 10 mg/ml (CS mice treated with 10 mg/ml eucalyptol for 60 days). Mice in the CS and control groups received vehicle for 60 days. Eucalyptol (or the vehicle) was administered via inhalation (15 min/daily). Mice were sacrificed 24 h after the completion of the 120-day experimental procedure. METHODS Histology and additional lung morphometric analyses, including analysis of mean linear intercept (Lm) and volume density of alveolar septa (Vv[alveolar septa]) were performed. Biochemical analyses were also performed using colorimetric assays for myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, in addition to using ELISA kits for the determination of inflammatory marker levels (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], interleukin 6 [IL-6], keratinocyte chemoattractant [KC], and tumor growth factor beta 1 [TGF-β1]). Finally, we investigated protein levels by western blotting (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 [Nrf2], nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB], matrix metalloproteinase 12 [MMP-12], tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 [TIMP-1], neutrophil elastase [NE], and elastin). RESULTS Eucalyptol promoted lung repair at the higher dose (10 mg/ml), with de novo formation of alveoli, when compared to the CS group. This result was confirmed with Lm and Vv[alveolar septa] morphometric analyses. Moreover, collagen deposit around the peribronchiolar area was reduced with eucalyptol treatment when compared to the CS group. Eucalyptol also reduced all inflammatory (MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, KC, and TGF-β1) and redox marker levels (MDA) when compared to the CS group (at least p < 0.05). In general, 10 mg/ml eucalyptol was more effective than 1 mg/ml and, at both doses, we observed an upregulation of SOD activity when compared to the CS group (p < 0.001). Eucalyptol upregulated elastin and TIMP-1 levels, and reduced neutrophil elastase (NE) levels, when compared to the CS group. CONCLUSION In summary, eucalyptol promoted lung repair in emphysematous mice and represents a potential therapeutic phytomedicine in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Valente Barroso
- Pós-graduação em Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lycia Brito-Gitirana
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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99933
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Ghorbani A, Rashidi R, Shafiee-Nick R. Flavonoids for preserving pancreatic beta cell survival and function: A mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:947-957. [PMID: 30841474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the currently available antidiabetic medications are effective in managing hyperglycemia, vascular complications are common in diabetic patients. Cohort studies have shown preserved beta cell function has a protective role against the development of diabetic complications. Accordingly, beta cell mass and function are important pharmacological targets in the field of diabetes. Growing number of evidence supports the efficacy of flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and epicatechin) for prevention and attenuation of diabetes consequences. The focus of this paper is to give an overview regarding the effects of flavonoids on pancreatic beta cells. Experiments on insulin-releasing cell lines, isolated pancreatic islets, and diabetic animal models have shown that flavonoids strengthen the survival processes and insulin secretory capacity of beta cells. The proposed mechanisms by which flavonoids preserve beta cells survival (against cytokines, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity) include inhibition of NF-κB signaling, activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, inhibition of nitric oxide generation, and decrease of reactive oxygen species levels. Improving mitochondrial bioenergetic function and stimulating pathways of insulin secretion (e.g., PLC/PKC and/or cAMP/PKA signaling) are mechanisms by which flavonoids improve the secretory capacity of beta cells. These beneficial effects of flavonoids are of great importance because may protect beta cells of diabetic patients before dramatic dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Rashidi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiee-Nick
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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99934
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Ai L, Wang J, Li T, Zhao C, Tang Y, Wang W, Zhao S, Jiang W, Di Y, Fei X, Luo H, Li H, Luo W, Yu Y, Lin W, He R, Tong Z. A rapid and sensitive fluorescence method for detecting urine formaldehyde in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:210-218. [PMID: 30373389 PMCID: PMC6415487 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218812986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morning urine formaldehyde concentrations could predict the severe degree of dementia in patients with post-stroke dementia and Alzheimer's disease. However, the routinely available technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detecting urine formaldehyde requires expensive and sophisticated equipment. METHODS We established a fluorescence spectrophotometric method by using a formaldehyde-specific fluorescent probe-NaFA (λex/em = 430/543 nm). As a standard reference method, the same batch of urine samples was analysed by HPLC with a fluorescence detector (λex/em = 346/422 nm). Then we compared the limits of detection and the limits of quantization detected by these two methods and addressed the relationship between urine formaldehyde and human cognitive ability. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating and Activities of Daily Living scale were used to evaluate cognition function in 30 Alzheimer's disease patients and 52 healthy age-matched controls. RESULTS Limits of detection and limits of quantization (1.27 and 2.48 μM) of the NaFA probe method were more accurate than Fluo-HPLC (1.52 and 2.91 μM). There was no difference in the detected formaldehyde values within day and day-to-day. Notably, only 3/82 urine formaldehyde concentrations detected by NaFA probe were below zero, while 12/82 of the values analysed by Fluo-HPLC were abnormal. More importantly, there were negatively correlated between urine formaldehyde concentrations detected by NaFA probe and MMSE scores, but positively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating scores in Alzheimer's disease patients. CONCLUSIONS This detecting urine formaldehyde method by NaFA probe was more rapid, sensitive and accurate than Fluo-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ai
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing No. 12 Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Beijing No. 12 Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Di
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechao Fei
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain & Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Zhiqian Tong, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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99935
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Jiang N, Luo L, Xing W, Li T, Yuan D, Xu G, Li W, Ma Z, Jin L, Ji M. Generation and immunity effect evaluation of biotechnology-derived Aeromonas veronii ghost by PhiX174 gene E-mediated inactivation in koi (Cyprinus carprio koi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:327-334. [PMID: 30041051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a conditional pathogen causing high mortality in many freshwater fish species worldwide. Bacterial ghosts are nonliving Gram-negative bacteria devoid of cytoplasmic contents, which induce protective immunity against microbial pathogens. The aims of this study were: a) to produce A. veronii ghost (AVG) constructed by PhiX174 gene E; b) to evaluate the specific, non-specific immune effects and protective immunity of AVG against A. veronii in koi. The lysis plasmid pBBR-E was constructed by cloning PhiX174 gene E into the broad-host-range vector pBBR1MCS2, and then transformed into A. veronii 7231. AVG was generated by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42 °C. Lysis of A. veronii occurred 3 h after temperature induction and completed in 12 h. The efficiency of ghost induction was 99.9998 ± 0.0002%. Koi were immunized intraperitoneally with AVG, formalin-killed bacteria (FKC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) respectively, and then respiratory burst (RB), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LZM), malondialdehyde (MDA), complement 3 (C3) and antibody activities were examined in serum. Compared with negative control of PBS, the RB, MPO, LZM activities were significantly higher in koi immunized with AVG (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the MDA activities of AVG treatment were significantly lower than those of PBS treatment (P < 0.05). The serum agglutination titers and IgM antibody titers in AVG group were significantly higher than those in FKC or PBS groups. After challenged with the parent strain A. veronii 7231, the average mortality of AVG group was significantly lower than that of FKC and PBS groups (P < 0.05) and the relative percent survival (RPS) of AVG group (73.92%) was higher than that of FKC group (43.48%). Therefore, AVG have the potential to induce protective immunity and they may be ideal vaccine candidates against A. veronii in koi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Tieliang Li
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Guanling Xu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Wentong Li
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Liangyun Jin
- Electron Microscope Room of Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Man Ji
- Electron Microscope Room of Central Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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99936
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Mandaliya DK, Seshadri S. Short Chain Fatty Acids, pancreatic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Pancreatology 2019; 19:280-284. [PMID: 30713129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota living in gut influence the immune response, metabolism, mood and behavior. The diet plays a pivotal role in maintaining healthy gut microbiota composition and its fermentation leads to production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate. During pancreatic dysfunction, insulin mediated suppression of glucagon is impaired leading to uncontrolled glucose production by liver and state of hyperglycemia. Insulin and glucagon balance is as important as insulin sensitivity which is reduced during Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1) produced by Intestinal epithelial cells regulates insulin and glucagon secretion directly via GLP1 receptor on pancreatic cells or via nervous system. But half-life period of GLP1 is very short i.e. about 2 min, after which it is cleaved and inactivated. SCFAs are well documented to induce GLP1 but its direct effect on pancreatic dysfunction has not been reported. This review opens a new avenue to study the role of SCFAs as treatment to pancreatic dysfunction and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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99937
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Metabolic pathways of L-arginine and therapeutic consequences in tumors. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:104-110. [PMID: 30605863 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Difference in the metabolism of normal and cancer cells inspires to search for new, more specific and less toxic therapies than those currently used. The development of tumors is conditioned by genetic changes in cancer-transformed cells, immunological tolerance and immunosuppression. At the initial stages of carcinogenesis, the immune system shows anti-tumor activity, however later, cancer disrupts the function of Th1/Th17/Th2 lymphocytes by regulatory T (Treg) cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and finally causes immunosuppression. Recently, much attention has been devoted to the influence of l-arginine metabolism disorders on both carcinogenesis and the immune system. l-Arginine is essential for the maturation of the T cell receptor zeta (TCRζ), and its absence deprives T-cells of the ability to interact with tumor antigens. MDSCs deplete l-arginine due to a high expression of arginase 1 (ARG1) and their number increases 4-10 times depending on the type of the cancer. L-Arginine has been shown to be essential for the survival and progression of arginine auxotrophic tumors. However, the progression of arginine non-auxotrophic tumors is independent of exogenous l-arginine, because these tumors have arginine-succinate synthetase (ASS1) activity and are available to produce l-arginine from citrulline. Clinical studies have confirmed the high efficacy of arginine auxotrophic tumors therapy based on the elimination of l-arginine. However, l-arginine supplementation may improve the results of treatment of patients with arginine non-auxotrophic cancer. This review is an attempt to explain the seemingly contradictory results of oncological therapies based on the deprivation or supplementation of l-arginine.
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99938
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Le BT, Raguraman P, Kosbar TR, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Veedu RN. Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Angiogenic Factors as Potential Cancer Therapeutics. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:142-157. [PMID: 30594893 PMCID: PMC6307321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy do not address the underlying molecular pathologies, leading to inadequate treatment and tumor recurrence. Angiogenic factors, such as EGF, PDGF, bFGF, TGF-β, TGF-α, VEGF, endoglin, and angiopoietins, play important roles in regulating tumor development and metastasis, and they serve as potential targets for developing cancer therapeutics. Nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies have received significant attention in the last two decades, and antisense oligonucleotide-mediated intervention is a prominent therapeutic approach for targeted manipulation of gene expression. Clinical benefits of antisense oligonucleotides have been recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with full or conditional approval of Vitravene, Kynamro, Exondys51, and Spinraza. Herein we review the scope of antisense oligonucleotides that target angiogenic factors toward tackling solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao T Le
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Prithi Raguraman
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tamer R Kosbar
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susan Fletcher
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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99939
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Almeida FV, Douglass SM, Fane ME, Weeraratna AT. Bad company: Microenvironmentally mediated resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:237-247. [PMID: 30216694 PMCID: PMC6727967 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the development of drug resistance in melanoma. Resistance to mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) in melanoma is observed months after treatment, a phenomenon that is often attributed to the incredible plasticity of melanoma cells but may also depend on the TME. The TME is unique in its cellular composition-it contains fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and among others. In addition, the TME provides "non-homeostatic" levels of oxygen, nutrients (hypoxia and metabolic stress), and extracellular matrix proteins, creating a pro-tumorigenic niche that drives resistance to MAPKi treatment. In this review, we will focus on how changes in the tumor microenvironment regulate MAPKi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Almeida
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Melanoma Research Center. Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen M. Douglass
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Melanoma Research Center. Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell E. Fane
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Melanoma Research Center. Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashani T. Weeraratna
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Melanoma Research Center. Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
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99940
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Zhang P, Zhu J, Xu XY, Qing TP, Dai YZ, Feng B. Identification and function of extracellular protein in wastewater treatment using proteomic approaches: A minireview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:24-29. [PMID: 30553123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular proteins serve as important functions in wastewater treatment process. Analysis of their compositions and properties is crucial to probe their specific functions. However, conventional analytical techniques cannot obtain interest protein information from complex proteins. Recently, the extracellular proteomics method has been applied to resolve the composition of extracellular proteins. In order to better understand the roles of extracellular protein in wastewater treatment process, this review provides the information on the proteomics methods and their application in investigating extracellular proteins involved in microbial attachment/aggregation, biodegradation of pollutants, and response to environmental stresses. Future work needs to exploit the full capability of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Tai-Ping Qing
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - You-Zhi Dai
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Bo Feng
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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99941
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Fuentes N, Cabello N, Nicoleau M, Chroneos ZC, Silveyra P. Modulation of the lung inflammatory response to ozone by the estrous cycle. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14026. [PMID: 30848106 PMCID: PMC6405886 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that sex differences exist in the control of lung innate immunity; however, the specific roles of sex hormones in the inflammatory response, and the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, we investigated whether fluctuations in circulating hormone levels occurring in the mouse estrous cycle could affect the inflammatory response to air pollution exposure. For this, we exposed female mice (C57BL/6J, 8 weeks old) at different phases of the estrous cycle to 2 ppm of ozone or filtered air (FA) for 3 h. Following exposure, we collected lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), and performed lung function measurements to evaluate inflammatory responses and respiratory mechanics. We found a differential inflammatory response to ozone in females exposed in the luteal phase (metestrus, diestrus) versus the follicular phase (proestrus, estrus). Females exposed to ozone in the follicular phase had significantly higher expression of inflammatory genes, including Ccl2, Cxcl2, Ccl20, and Il6, compared to females exposed in the luteal phase (P < 0.05), and displayed differential activation of regulatory pathways. Exposure to ozone in the follicular phase also resulted in higher BAL neutrophilia, lipocalin levels, and airway resistance than exposure in the luteal phase (P < 0.05). Together, these results show that the effects of ozone exposure in the female lung are affected by the estrous cycle phase, and potentially hormonal status. Future studies investigating air pollution effects and inflammation in women should consider the menstrual cycle phase and/or circulating hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fuentes
- Department of PediatricsThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Noe Cabello
- Department of PediatricsThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Marvin Nicoleau
- Department of PediatricsThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Zissis C. Chroneos
- Department of PediatricsThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of PediatricsThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
- Biobehavioral LaboratoryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
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99942
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Jordan CJ, Xi ZX. Progress in brain cannabinoid CB 2 receptor research: From genes to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:208-220. [PMID: 30611802 PMCID: PMC6401261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) was initially regarded as a peripheral cannabinoid receptor. However, recent technological advances in gene detection, alongside the availability of transgenic mouse lines, indicate that CB2Rs are expressed in both neurons and glial cells in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions, and are involved in multiple functions at cellular and behavioral levels. Brain CB2Rs are inducible and neuroprotective via up-regulation in response to various insults, but display species differences in gene and receptor structures, CB2R expression, and receptor responses to various CB2R ligands. CB2R transcripts also differ between the brain and spleen. In the brain, CB2A is the major transcript isoform, while CB2A and CB2B transcripts are present at higher levels in the spleen. These new findings regarding brain versus spleen CB2R isoforms may in part explain why early studies failed to detect brain CB2R gene expression. Here, we review evidence supporting the expression and function of brain CB2R from gene and receptor levels to cellular functioning, neural circuitry, and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Jordan
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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99943
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Kim JH, Lee S, Kim KN, Hong YC. Association of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid level with pulmonary function reduction in an urban elderly population with repeated measures data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:811-818. [PMID: 30623837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of man-made insecticides associated with various adverse health outcomes including respiratory problems. However, there were limited evidences on the relation between 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) as a metabolite of pyrethroids and pulmonary function, particularly among elderly population who have declining pulmonary function. Therefore, we collected urine samples and performed pulmonary function test (PFT) repeatedly in a total of 559 Korean elderly living in Seoul as an urban area. After measurement of urinary 3-PBA levels, cross-sectional relations of visit-to-visit variation in 3-PBA level on visit-to-visit variation in PFT parameters were evaluated using linear mixed effect models and generalized additive mixed models after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, education, visit episode, and phthalate metabolite levels. The Korean elderly were highly exposed to pyrethroids with 30.2% of elderly people with 3-PBA level over reference value derived on the 95th percentile of representative samples (2 ng/mL). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75) as PFT parameters showed significant reductions by an increase of 3-PBA level (FEV1, β = -1.48, p-value < 0.01; FVC, β = -1.14, p-value < 0.01; and FEF25-75, β = -1.11, p-value = 0.03). The negative associations of 3-PBA level with FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 were found only for females (FEV1, β = -1.64, p-value < 0.01; FVC, β = -1.47, p-value < 0.01; and FEF25-75, β = -1.06, p-value = 0.07), but not for males. However, the longitudinal effect of 3-PBA level on the trajectory of FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 declines in females was not found. Community-level exposure to pyrethroids was associated with pulmonary function reduction in elderly population, indicating that more stringent control of pyrethroids is necessary to protect the elderly who have declining pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea; Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 1 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
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99944
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Fatur K. Intercultural, intermolecular: An ethnobotanical examination of the potential therapeutic value of LSD for the treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Fatur
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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99945
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Falfushynska H, Sokolov EP, Haider F, Oppermann C, Kragl U, Ruth W, Stock M, Glufke S, Winkel EJ, Sokolova IM. Effects of a common pharmaceutical, atorvastatin, on energy metabolism and detoxification mechanisms of a marine bivalve Mytilus edulis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:47-61. [PMID: 30610964 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds from pharmaceuticals cause concern due to their common occurrence in water and sediments of urbanized coasts and potential threat to marine organisms. Atorvastatin (ATO), a globally prescribed drug, is environmentally stable and bioavailable to marine organisms; however, the physiological and toxic effects of this drug on ecologically important coastal species are yet to be elucidated. We studied the effect of ATO (˜1.2 μg L-1) on bioenergetics (including whole-organism and mitochondrial respiration, as well as tissue energy reserves and mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in the gills and the digestive gland) of a keystone bivalve Mytulis edulis (the blue mussel) from the Baltic Sea. Xenobiotic detoxification systems including activity and mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, and Phase I and II biotransformation enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP1A and glutathione transferase, GST) were also assessed in the gill and digestive gland of the mussels. Exposure to ATO caused rapid uptake and biotransformation of the drug by the mussels. Standard metabolic rate of ATO-exposed mussels increased by 56% indicating higher maintenance costs, yet no changes were detected in the respiratory capacity of isolated mitochondria. ATO exposure led to ˜60% decrease in the lysosomal membrane stability of hemocytes and ˜3-fold decrease in the whole-organism P-glycoprotein-driven and diffusional efflux of xenobiotics indicating altered membrane properties. The digestive gland was a major target of ATO toxicity in the mussels. Exposure of mussels to ATO led to depletion of lipid, carbohydrate and protein pools, and suppressed transcription of key enzymes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha PGC-1α) and fatty acid metabolism (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and CYP4Y1) in the digestive gland. No bioenergetic disturbances were observed in the gills of ATO-exposed mussels, and elevated GST activity indicated enhanced ATO detoxification in this tissue. These data demonstrate that ATO can act as a metabolic disruptor and chemosensitizer in keystone marine bivalves and warrant further investigations of statins as emerging pollutants of concern in coastal marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Human Health, Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz ScienceCampus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Fouzia Haider
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Oppermann
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Kragl
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ruth
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marius Stock
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabrina Glufke
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eileen J Winkel
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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99946
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Nopora A. MicroRNAs as Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention With Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:99-119. [PMID: 30850362 PMCID: PMC6489690 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The death toll of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is primarily due to metastases, which are poorly amenable to therapeutic intervention. In this review we focus on miRs associated with metastasis of NSCLC as potential new targets for anti-metastatic therapy. We discuss miRs validated as therapeutic targets by in vitro data, identification of target(s) and pathway(s) and in vivo efficacy data in at least one clinically-relevant metastasis-related model. A few of the discussed miRs correlate with the clinical status of NSCLC patients. Using miRs as therapeutic agents has the advantage that targeting a single miR can potentially interfere with several metastatic pathways. Depending on their mode of action, the corresponding miRs can be up- or down-regulated compared to normal matching tissues. Here, we describe therapeutic approaches for reconstitution therapy and miR inhibition, general principles of anti-metastatic therapy as well as current technical pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hofman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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99947
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Shahidi S, Hashemi-Firouzi N, Afshar S, Asl SS, Komaki A. Protective Effects of 5-HT1A Receptor Inhibition and 5-HT2A Receptor Stimulation Against Streptozotocin-Induced Apoptosis in the Hippocampus. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:40-51. [PMID: 31447607 PMCID: PMC6687217 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) induced apoptosis changes in neurons similar to Alzheimer's disease. The serotonergic system via its receptor involved in survival of neurons. The present study examined the ability of selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (NAD-299) and 5-HT2A receptor agonist (TCB-2) to attenuate the apoptosis caused by the icv-STZ in the rat. METHODS The icv-STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μL, twice) induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus of adult male rats. Animals were divided into naive control, sham-operated, STZ+saline (1 μL, icv), STZ+NAD-299 (5 μg/μL, icv), STZ+TCB-2 (5 μg/μL, icv), and STZ+NAD-299+TCB-2 (5 μg/μL of any agent, icv) groups. Following the 35 days' treatment period, neuronal apoptosis was detected using the Tunnel. Cells with morphological features of apoptotic cell were contended by microscopy. RESULTS TCB-2 and NAD-299 administration decreased number of apoptotic neurons in the treatment group compared with the STZ group. Combined treatment of STZ rat with NAD+TCB more decreased number of apoptotic cells in compare to TCB-2 or NAD-299 treated STZ groups. CONCLUSION Treatment with 5-HT1A receptor antagonist or 5-HT2A receptor agonist diminished apoptosis. The beneficial effect of 5HT1A receptor inhibition was potentiated with activation of 5-HT2A receptor in prevention of apoptosis in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Simin Afshar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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99948
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Moon AR, Park Y, Chang JH, Lee SS. Inverse regulation of serum osteoprotegerin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand levels in patients with leg lesional vascular calcification: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14489. [PMID: 30855435 PMCID: PMC6417519 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels could be associated with vascular calcification, which is predominant in diabetes.The study included 71 Korean participants (36 with diabetes and 35 without diabetes), who were sub-grouped according to the results of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and/or X-ray computed tomography scan (CT scan). Serum OPG and TRAIL levels were assayed using the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical significance was analyzed using Student's t test between the 2 groups or analysis of variance (ANOVA) among the 4 groups.Serum OPG was up-regulated in the participants with diabetes, with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and/or with vascular calcification. TRAIL down-regulation was more strictly controlled than OPG up-regulation; it was significantly downregulated in the participants with PAD and vascular calcification, but not in the participants with diabetes. Serum OPG and TRAIL were regulated in the participants with femoral, popliteal, and peroneal artery calcification but not in the participants with aortic calcification.OPG up-regulation and TRAIL down-regulation were found to be associated with leg lesional vascular calcification; therefore, the average OPG/TRAIL ratio was significantly increased by 3.2-fold in the leg lesional vascular calcification group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Ran Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University
| | - Jeong Hwan Chang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Cheomdan Medical Center, Gwang-Ju
| | - Sang Su Lee
- Vascular and endovascular division, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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99949
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Li T, Che-Nordin N, Wáng YXJ, Rong PF, Qiu SW, Zhang SW, Zhang P, Jiang YF, Chevallier O, Zhao F, Xiao XY, Wang W. Intravoxel incoherent motion derived liver perfusion/diffusion readouts can be reliable biomarker for the detection of viral hepatitis B induced liver fibrosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:371-385. [PMID: 31032185 PMCID: PMC6462566 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.02.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent two studies reported that intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis can separate healthy livers and viral hepatitis B (VHB) induced liver fibrosis. However, in these two studies the starting b value for bi-exponential decay analysis was b =10 and 15 s/mm2 respectively. The current study has two primary aims. The first is to further confirm the diagnostic value of IVIM in detecting liver fibrosis. The second is to test whether by sampling very low b value densely, then b =0 s/mm2 image could be included to improve IVIM's diagnostic performance. METHODS This was a prospective study with data acquired at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. Healthy volunteers and patients suspected of VHB induced liver fibrosis with liver biopsy performed, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma patients scheduled for surgery, were recruited. All the hepatocellular carcinoma patients had liver fibrosis. After exclusions based on pre-defined criteria for image data quality, for IVIM analysis this study included 20 healthy volunteers; 4 chronic VHB patients with biopsy showing no liver fibrosis; 11 stage-1 liver fibrosis patients, 10 stage-2 liver fibrosis patients, 2 stage-3 liver fibrosis patients, and 5 stage-4 liver fibrosis patients. In the liver fibrosis patients, 1, 19, and 8 cases had inflammation grade-0, grade-1, and grade-2 respectively. The reference IVIM bi-exponential decay curve fitting analysis was segmented fitting performed with b =2 s/mm2 image as the starting point and a threshold-b of 60 s/mm2. This reference fitting method was compared with threshold-b of 40 s/mm2, full fitting, fitting starting from b =0, 5, and 10 s/mm2 respectively. The potential correlation between IVIM readouts and liver function was assessed for the liver fibrosis patients. RESULTS Based on the smaller coefficient of variation (CoV) for the volunteer group and the smaller patient/volunteer ratios [= (mean measurement for patient groups)/(mean measurement for healthy volunteers)], the comparison of fitting methods favored the reference approach starting from b =2 s/mm2 with a threshold-b of 60 s/mm2. The IVIM measures of four patients without liver fibrosis resembled those of healthy subjects. PF offered the best diagnostic value for separating healthy livers and fibrotic livers, and a threshold of PF =0.1406 separated all fibrotic livers and healthy livers with an exception of one hepatocellular carcinoma patient (fibrosis grade-2/inflammation grade-2). The correlation between fibrosis grading and inflammation grading was weakly positive; while compared with fibrotic livers with inflammation grade-1, fibrotic livers with inflammation grade-2 showed a trend of higher Dfast. A weak correlation is shown with lower PF and lower Dfast associated with lower total protein, lower albumin; higher alanine transaminase, higher aspartate transaminase; higher total bilirubin, and higher direct bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS Segmented-fitting with threshold-b =60 s/mm2 and starting from non-zero very low b value outperforms other methods. IVIM has high sensitivity in detecting liver fibrosis, and PF and Dfast have potential correlation with serum liver function biomarkers. IVIM measures and liver fibrosis grading are not in a linear relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Nazmi Che-Nordin
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yì Xiáng J. Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shi-Wen Qiu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng-Wang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yong-Fang Jiang
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Olivier Chevallier
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Jones CM, McCance-Katz EF. Relationship Between Recency and Frequency of Youth Cannabis Use on Other Substance Use. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:411-413. [PMID: 30455035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between lifetime, past-year, and frequent past-year cannabis use on use of other substances among youth in order to inform prevention initiatives. METHODS Data are from 27,900 youth aged 12-17 participating in the 2015-2016 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression assessed the relationship between levels of youth cannabis use and past-year use of other substances compared to youth with no lifetime cannabis use. RESULTS Prevalence of lifetime cannabis use among youth was 15.4%; 3.0% reported lifetime but not past-year use, 10.3% reported past-year use <200 days, and 2.1% reported past-year use ≥200 days. Past-year tobacco and alcohol use, and past-year misuse of prescription sedatives or tranquilizers, stimulants, and opioids were associated with increased adjusted relative risk ratios across all levels of cannabis use compared to youth reporting no lifetime cannabis use. Increased adjusted relative risk ratios across all levels of cannabis use were seen among youth aged 14-15 and 16-17 compared to 12-17 and among non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is prevalent among youth and associated with other substance use. Efforts to scale up prevention programming and science-based messaging on risks of substance use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jones
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland.
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