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Muniandy M, Richdale AL, Lawson LP. Stress and well-being in autistic adults: Exploring the moderating role of coping. Autism Res 2023; 16:2220-2233. [PMID: 37698532 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The wider stress literature points to negative associations between stress and well-being. Similarly, the use of engagement coping strategies and disengagement coping strategies in the face of stress are related to improved and reduced well-being respectively. However, in the autistic population stress and coping research is limited to date, and the extent to which coping may moderate the relationship between stress and well-being is not known. Using data from an Australian online study, we explored the potential moderating (i.e. buffering or exacerbating) role of coping in the relationship between stress and well-being in a sample of autistic adults (N = 86). Our findings indicated that increased stress was associated with lower well-being. Further, moderation analyses showed that while both engagement coping (e.g. problem solving, positive appraisal) and disengagement coping (e.g., self-distraction, being in denial) strategies had significant positive and negative direct effects on well-being respectively; engagement coping also moderated the relationship between stress and well-being, buffering the impact of stress on well-being. Our results illustrate the different underlying mechanisms by which coping strategies may be associated with stress and well-being. They also highlight the potential protective role of engagement coping strategies, which can be incorporated into the promotion and maintenance of well-being in autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Muniandy
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren P Lawson
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Counselling & Therapy, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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Bonduelle SLB, De Raedt R, Braet C, Campforts E, Baeken C. Parental criticism affects adolescents' mood and ruminative state: Self-perception appears to influence their mood response. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 235:105728. [PMID: 37390784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Feeling and/or being criticized is a known risk factor for various psychiatric disorders in adolescents. However, the link between the experience of social stressors and the development of psychopathological symptoms is not yet fully understood. Identifying which adolescent subgroups are more vulnerable to parental criticism could be of great clinical relevance. In this study, 90 nondepressed 14- to 17-year-old adolescents were exposed to a sequence of auditory segments with a positive, neutral, and finally negative valence, mirroring parental criticism. Their mood and ruminative states were assessed before and after exposure to criticism. We observed an overall increase in mood disturbance and ruminative thoughts. Self-perception appeared to influence these mood changes, whereas no significant influence by perceived criticism, self-worth, or the general tendency to ruminate was found. Emotional awareness seemed to account for some of the variance in positive mood state changes. These findings point to the importance of adolescent self-perception (and emotional awareness) in dealing with parental criticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam L B Bonduelle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edward Campforts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Zhou T, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cheng L. Coping with Epidemic-Related Job Stressors in Healthcare Workers During the Late Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects of Reflective Functioning and Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4377-4388. [PMID: 37908681 PMCID: PMC10615099 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s429109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers encountered novel job stressors during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. These stressors possessed potential deleterious effects on mental health outcomes, yet the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms remained relatively unexplored. Objective The current study aimed to examine the role of cognitive emotion regulation as a mediator in the association between pandemic-related job stressors and the psychological symptoms of healthcare professionals in the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of reflective functioning as a resilience factor moderating both the associations of pandemic-related job stressors and cognitive emotion regulation, as well as psychological symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional survey conducted in October 2020 included 2393 healthcare professionals working in departments with a high risk of exposure to COVID-19 from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires measuring pandemic-related job stressors, anxiety, depression, reflective functioning, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Path analyses were performed to examine the hypothesized model. Results Epidemic-related job stressors had significant direct effects on depression (β=0.31, p<0.001) and anxiety symptoms (β=0.29, p<0.001) and the indirect effects through mediation of maladaptive cognitive regulation were also significant (for depression, indirect effect=0.06, SE=0.01, CI=[0.04, 0.07]; for anxiety, indirect effect=0.06, SE=0.01, CI=[0.04, 0.08]). The dimension of certainty about mental states in the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQc) moderated the direct effect of pandemic-related job stressors on depression (β=-0.05, p<0.001) and moderated the effect of job stressors on maladaptive cognitive regulation (β=0.06, p<0.001). Conclusion The results shed light on the roles of cognitive emotion regulation and reflective functioning in coping with pandemic-related job stressors in frontline healthcare workers in periods of dealing with major infectious diseases. The findings have implications for developing interventions for healthcare workers in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyang Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Cheng
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Guang Z, Zhang J, Han L, Zhang R, Chen Y, Chen Q, Liu Z, Gao Y, Wu R, Wang S. Effect of Sleep Quality on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among College Students in China's Xizang Region: The Mediating Effect of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:861. [PMID: 37887511 PMCID: PMC10603987 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, there are significant links between sleep quality, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cognitive emotion regulation. This research examines how sleep quality affects anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as the potential of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) to moderate the impact of sleep quality on these symptoms. METHODS The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were all completed online by students from two colleges in China's Xizang region. RESULTS The study included 4325 subjects. The prevalence of poor sleep quality, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms was 45.69%, 36.81%, and 51.86%, respectively. We observed significant direct effects on poor sleep and severity of anxiety/depression: c'1 = 0.586 (0. 544-0.628), and c'2 = 0.728 (0.683-0.773). Adaptive CERS only had a mediating effect on the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms, with a1b3 = -0.005 (-0.011--0.001). The link between poor sleep quality and the intensity of anxiety and depression was significantly affected by the indirect effects of maladaptive CERS: effect a2b2 = 0.126 (0.106-0.147), and effect a2b4 = 0.145 (0.123-0.167). CONCLUSIONS Individuals who experience poor sleep quality are more likely to have increased levels of anxiety and depression. However, enhancing sleep quality led to a decrease in anxiety and depression levels. Adaptive CERS did not predict anxiety, but they did predict depression. Multiple maladaptive CERS could increase levels of anxiety and depression. To prevent mental stress, it is crucial to examine sleep problems among college students, understand their cognitive strategies, promote the adoption of adaptive CERS, and reduce the reliance on maladaptive CERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Zixuan Guang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Lixin Han
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710049, China
- Disease Control and Prevention Division, Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission, No.112 Lianhu Road, Xi’an 710003, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenjia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Klinge JL, Warschburger P, Busching R, Klein AM. Self-regulation facets differentially predict internalizing symptom trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence: a longitudinal multimethod study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:120. [PMID: 37848960 PMCID: PMC10583422 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing symptoms are among the most common psychological symptoms in childhood and adolescence, are highly stable and can cause severe impairment. Current research discusses lower capacities of self-regulation (SR) as risk factors for the development of internalizing symptoms. The present study identifies trajectories of internalizing symptoms in the transition phase from middle childhood to adolescence and examines multiple SR facets as predictors of potentially unfavorable trajectories, also in the presence of other established risk factors. METHODS The study utilized a community sample of N = 1453 (52.2% female) German children, who provided data at up to three measurement points (t1: 6-11 years, t2: 7-11 years, t3: 9-13 years). Trajectories of internalizing symptoms were based on parents' ratings of the emotional problems scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. SR facets were assessed using multiple methods and informants. Two multinomial regression analyses were conducted to predict class membership by (1) SR facets and gender and (2) SR facets, gender, and other established risk factors (education status, family adversity, peer problems). RESULTS Using growth mixture modelling, we identified three trajectory classes with stable low (n = 1200), increasing (n = 124), and early high decreasing internalizing symptoms (n = 129). In the regression analysis controlling for risk factors, membership in the increasing trajectory was significantly predicted by higher emotional reactivity (OR = 2.65, p < .001), higher cognitive flexibility/set-shifting (OR = 1.48, p = .032), and higher family adversity (OR = 1.38, p = .046). Membership in the early high decreasing trajectory was significantly predicted by higher emotional reactivity (OR = 4.15, p < .001), higher inhibitory control (OR = 1.47, p = .045), lower working-memory updating (OR = 0.69, p = .016), lower delay of gratification (OR = 0.75, p = .028), and higher family adversity (OR = 1.63, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS SR facets incrementally and differentially predict potentially unfavorable trajectories of internalizing symptoms from age 6 to 13, surpassing the predictive value of gender or education status. Higher emotional reactivity emerged as the most influential factor, which could therefore be addressed in future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Klinge
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Stromstr. 1, 10555, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Busching
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette M Klein
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Stromstr. 1, 10555, Berlin, Germany
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Zhu Y, Deng W. Moderating the link between discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes: Examining the protective effects of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282220. [PMID: 37815988 PMCID: PMC10564165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Discrimination is associated with mental health problems. While prior research has demonstrated the significance of emotion regulation in explaining the onset and development of discrimination-related anxiety, few studies investigated this dynamic with cognitive flexibility among sexual and/or racial minority individuals. The current study incorporated cognitive flexibility to investigate its potential buffering effects on discrimination-related anxiety. 221 individuals, 37.6% of whom (n = 83) identified as sexual and/or racial minorities, responded to an online questionnaire about their levels of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation, perceived discrimination, and anxiety. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted with these variables. Our findings indicated that emotion regulation difficulty (ERD) mediated the relationship between discrimination and anxiety, while cognitive flexibility had a strong moderating effect on the relationship between ERD and anxiety. These results suggested new research directions and implied the therapeutic potential of advancing cognitive flexibility skills with emotion regulation training in depression and anxiety intervention and treatments. Future research is needed to investigate cognitive flexibility as a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying the onset and development of anxiety, to potentially lead to novel prevention or intervention for marginalized people facing additional stressors like discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wisteria Deng
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Yang CC, Llamas-Díaz D, Bahena YA, Cabello R, Dahl RE, Magis-Weinberg L. Emotion regulation difficulties and sleep quality in adolescence during the early stages of the COVID-19 lockdown. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:92-99. [PMID: 37230269 PMCID: PMC10204279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for emotion regulation and sleep difficulties, risks that might be compounded by intense COVID-19 lockdowns and challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate how sleep quality related to emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents during lockdown in Perú. METHODS Participants were 2563 adolescents enrolled in Innova school in Perú (11 - -17 years) in May 2020. Hypotheses were derived from exploring one half of the sample, preregistered at https://osf.io/fuetz/, and then confirmed in the second half of the sample. Participants completed subjective surveys of sleep quality (short PSQI) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form (DERS-SF). RESULTS Worse sleep quality was robustly associated with more difficulties in emotion regulation across both samples. The association was found particularly for emotion regulation subscales related to the ability to engage in goal directed behavior in the face of distress, emotional clarity and strategies to deal with feeling distressed. In contrast, there was no robust association between sleep and the ability to regulate impulses in the context of negative emotions, and no association with the ability to accept emotions. Girls and older adolescents robustly endorsed worse sleep quality and more difficulties in emotion regulation. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of this study prevents us from determining the direction of the association. Data were collected using adolescent self-report which, while informative of adolescent perceptions, might diverge from objective measures of sleep or emotion regulation difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Our findings with adolescents in Perú contribute to our understanding of the association between sleep and emotion regulation at a broader global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Yang
- School of Education, University of California, Berkeley; Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America.
| | | | - Yailin Alvarez Bahena
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America.
| | - Rosario Cabello
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga.
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America.
| | - Lucía Magis-Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America.
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Wergeland GJH, Haaland ÅT, Fjermestad KW, Öst LG, Gjestad R, Bjaastad JF, Hoffart A, Husabo E, Raknes S, Haugland BSM. Predictors of school-based cognitive behavior therapy outcome for youth with anxiety. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104400. [PMID: 37690362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of school-based CBT have shown that prevention for anxiety symptoms typically report small but significant effects. There is limited knowledge regarding which youths may benefit most and least from such programs, and characteristics of youth who respond differentially to interventions of different intensity. The present study examined predictors of school-based CBT outcomes among 302 youths (mean age 14.0 years, SD 0.8, 84% female) who participated in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing a 10-session and a 5-session group intervention. Potential predictors included youth and parental factors, and credibility and expectancy of the interventions. Pre-intervention anxiety and depression levels, and clinician rated severity were examined as moderators of intervention effects. Outcomes were youth-, and parent-reported youth anxiety and depressive symptoms at post-intervention and 1-year follow-up. Higher parent-reported impairment from youth anxiety predicted larger parent-reported anxiety and depressive symptom change, whereas higher caregiver strain was associated with less symptom change. Higher parent rated credibility and expectancy was associated with improved outcomes at post-intervention. At 1-year follow-up, no predictors of outcome were identified. No moderators were identified. Families with high levels of caregiver strain associated with youth anxiety may need extra support regardless of length of intervention program. Parents' credibility and expectancy of interventions should be targeted to optimize school-based CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Janne H Wergeland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Åshild T Haaland
- Department of Child and Adolescence Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | | | - Rolf Gjestad
- Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon F Bjaastad
- Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Centre, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Husabo
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Center, NORCE, Norway
| | | | - Bente S M Haugland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Center, NORCE, Norway; Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Daros AR, Wardell JD, Quilty LC. Multilevel associations of emotion regulation strategy use during psychotherapy for depression: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:107-118. [PMID: 37290525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with depression select avoidant emotion regulation (ER) strategies more often than engagement strategies. While psychotherapy improves ER strategies, examining the week-to-week changes in ER and their relationship to clinical outcomes is warranted to understand how these interventions work. This study examined the changes in six ER strategies and depressive symptoms during virtual psychotherapy. METHODS Treatment-seeking adults (N = 56) with moderate depression severity completed a baseline diagnostic interview and questionnaires and were followed for up to 3 months as they completed virtual psychotherapy in an unrestricted format (e.g., individual) and orientation (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy; CBT). Participants completed weekly assessments of depression and six ER strategies along with assessments of CBT skills and participant-rated CBT components for each psychotherapy session. Multilevel modeling was used to examine associations between within-person changes in ER strategy use and weekly depression scores, controlling for between-person effects and time. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, rumination, and experiential avoidance decreased non-linearly over time while cognitive reappraisal and acceptance increased non-linearly. Controlling for CBT skills, within-person increases in acceptance and cognitive reappraisal, as well as within-person decreases in experiential avoidance, were associated with fewer depressive symptoms over time. People who reported greater CBT components in their sessions also reported fewer depressive symptoms over time. LIMITATIONS The study was unable to make more causal inferences or standardize the type, baseline, or length of psychotherapy received. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in ER strategies were associated with depression symptom reduction during psychotherapy. Future research to elucidate ER strategies as mediators of treatment response is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Daros
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychology, York University, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Wardell
- Department of Psychology, York University, Canada; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
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Zsigo C, Sfärlea A, Lingl C, Piechaczek C, Schulte-Körne G, Feldmann L, Greimel E. Emotion Regulation Deficits in Adolescent Girls with Major Depression, Anorexia Nervosa and Comorbid Major Depression and Anorexia Nervosa. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1476-1488. [PMID: 35412201 PMCID: PMC10435395 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In adolescence, both major depression (MD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are associated with deficits in emotion regulation (ER). However, studies have yet to compare ER profiles within the disorders and the effect of comorbid MD+AN is unclear. This study examined the habitual use of ER in 229 girls, aged 12-18 years, with MD (n = 84), AN (n = 37), comorbid MD+AN (n = 25), and healthy girls (n = 83). Girls with MD, AN and MD+AN reported more maladaptive and less adaptive ER strategies than healthy girls. MD and MD+AN groups showed more frequent use of maladaptive ER compared to only AN, with no differences between only MD and MD+AN. This suggests that MD+AN is not necessarily associated with higher ER deficits, rather, an additional diagnosis of MD exacerbates impairments in AN. Identifying specific ER profiles can provide important targets in prevention and treatment for AN, MD and AN+MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Zsigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Lingl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Piechaczek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Xu Y, Chen S, Su X, Yu D. Cognitive reappraisal and empathy chain-mediate the association between relative deprivation and prosocial behavior in adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1238308. [PMID: 37809302 PMCID: PMC10556665 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1238308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relative deprivation is one of the factors that influences the development of personality and behavior. However, it is still unclear whether and how relative deprivation decreases the prosocial behavior in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between relative deprivation and adolescent prosocial behavior and the role of emotion regulation strategies and empathy in modifying this association. Methods The present study included 609 secondary school students (M = 15.42 years, SD = 0.653) in Fujian Province, China. All participants completed the Relative Deprivation Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Scale, the Basic Empathy Scale, and Prosocial Behavior Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.4. Results Relative deprivation was negatively correlated with cognitive reappraisal, but positively correlated with expressive suppression. Cognitive reappraisal was positively correlated with empathy and prosocial behavior, but expressive suppression was not. Empathy was positively correlated with prosocial behavior. Relative deprivation decreased prosocial behavior through (a) cognitive reappraisal, (b) empathy, and (c) chain mediation of cognitive reappraisal and empathy. No significant mediating effect of expressive suppression was found. Conclusion The results indicate that relative deprivation decreases adolescent prosocial behavior, and that cognitive reappraisal and empathy are the potential psychological mechanisms that affect the association between relative deprivation and adolescent prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sishi Chen
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Normal College, Urumqi Vocational University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Delin Yu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Estévez A, Jauregui P, Momeñe J, Macía L, Etxaburu N. Mediating Role of Rumination Between Anger and Anxious-Depressive Symptomatology in Family Members of People with Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1225-1238. [PMID: 36572842 PMCID: PMC10397117 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is characterized by a behavioural pattern of dysfunctional gambling that persists despite its negative implications in different areas of people's daily life. One of the most negatively affected areas is the one related to family members. This study aimed, firstly, to study the differences between family members of people with gambling disorder and a general population sample in anger (state, trait, expression-out, expression-in. control-out and control-in), rumination (brooding, reflection and total), and anxiety and depression. The second aim was to analyse the correlation between these variables in the family members of people with gambling disorder, and thirdly, to analyse the mediating role of rumination between anger, anxiety and depression. This study consisted of 170 people, of whom 87 were family members of people with a gambling disorder, and 83 were from the general population. Instruments measuring anger, anxiety, depression, and ruminative responses were administered. Results showed that family members had significantly higher scores in anger (state), depression, anxiety, rumination (total and brooding). Also, results showed that anger correlated positively and significantly with rumination, depression and anxiety, which also correlated positively and significantly with each other. Third, rumination mediated the relationship between the following variables: anger (state) and depression; anger (trait) and anxiety and depression; anger (external expression) and anxiety and depression. A complete mediating effect was found in the latter case and a partial mediating effect in the first two cases. In conclusion, it is found that having a family member with a gambling disorder may increase levels of anger, anxiety, depression and rumination. Furthermore, it is shown that working on rumination may reduce depression and anxiety in family members of gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estévez
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Jauregui
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Momeñe
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - L Macía
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - N Etxaburu
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Abend R. Understanding anxiety symptoms as aberrant defensive responding along the threat imminence continuum. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105305. [PMID: 37414377 PMCID: PMC10528507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Threat-anticipatory defensive responses have evolved to promote survival in a dynamic world. While inherently adaptive, aberrant expression of defensive responses to potential threat could manifest as pathological anxiety, which is prevalent, impairing, and associated with adverse outcomes. Extensive translational neuroscience research indicates that normative defensive responses are organized by threat imminence, such that distinct response patterns are observed in each phase of threat encounter and orchestrated by partially conserved neural circuitry. Anxiety symptoms, such as excessive and pervasive worry, physiological arousal, and avoidance behavior, may reflect aberrant expression of otherwise normative defensive responses, and therefore follow the same imminence-based organization. Here, empirical evidence linking aberrant expression of specific, imminence-dependent defensive responding to distinct anxiety symptoms is reviewed, and plausible contributing neural circuitry is highlighted. Drawing from translational and clinical research, the proposed framework informs our understanding of pathological anxiety by grounding anxiety symptoms in conserved psychobiological mechanisms. Potential implications for research and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rany Abend
- School of Psychology, Reichman University, P.O. Box 167, Herzliya 4610101, Israel; Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Costa-López B, Lavigne-Cerván R, Collado-Valero JA, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Navarro-Soria I. The Influence of Emotional Regulation and Cognitive Flexibility on Sleep Habits in Spanish Children and Adolescents through the Lens of Parents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1390. [PMID: 37628389 PMCID: PMC10453574 DOI: 10.3390/children10081390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research studies have suggested the importance of studying the relationship between emotional regulation and sleep habits. Some investigations have especially focused on how emotional regulation could impact sleep habits in children and adolescents. Therefore, these researchers have stated there exists a two-way direction in this relationship. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the influence of emotional regulation on sleep habits in Spanish children and adolescents and the mediating role of anxiety in this relationship. METHOD Participants were 953 Spanish parents who completed the assessment protocol according to their children and adolescents' information. RESULTS The results revealed moderate-strong correlations between emotional regulation problems and sleep habit disturbances (r = 0.375, p < 0.001), trait (r = 0.488, p < 0.001) anxiety, and state (r = 0.589, p < 0.001) anxiety. Additionally, emotional regulation showed a direct impact on sleep habits (β = 0.011, p = 0.005). Trait and state anxiety demonstrated a significant mediating role in the relationship between emotional regulation and sleep habits. CONCLUSIONS Emotional regulation may have an impact on sleep habits during childhood and adolescence, suggesting the importance of early intervention focused on the emotions management and the prevention of sleep habit disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Costa-López
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Rocío Lavigne-Cerván
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain; (R.L.-C.); (J.A.C.-V.); (R.J.-R.d.M.)
| | - Joshua A. Collado-Valero
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain; (R.L.-C.); (J.A.C.-V.); (R.J.-R.d.M.)
| | - Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain; (R.L.-C.); (J.A.C.-V.); (R.J.-R.d.M.)
| | - Ignasi Navarro-Soria
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Baquero-Tomás M, Grau MD, Moliner AR, Sanchis-Sanchis A. Meaning in life as a protective factor against depression. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1180082. [PMID: 37529311 PMCID: PMC10389663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1180082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role that meaning in life has between emotion dysregulation and depressive symptomatology in Spanish university students. Five hundred and sixty-six Spanish university students participated in the study. All of them completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Purpose in Life Test (PIL-10). A mediation model was performed to test the hypothesis that meaning in life mediates the effect of emotional dysregulation on depressive symptomatology in college students. The results show a positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between depression and emotional dysregulation. In addition, a negative, moderate, and statistically significant correlation was found between depression and meaning in life, and a negative, small, and statistically significant correlation between emotional dysregulation and meaning in life. Finally, the results of the mediation model evidence the role of meaning in life in different emotional dysregulation strategies and depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating the meaning in life variable in the development and implementation of prevention and treatment programs for psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Baquero-Tomás
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Grau
- Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- Campus Capacitas-UCV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adoración-Reyes Moliner
- Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Zahl-Olsen R, Severinsen L, Stiegler JR, Fernee CR, Simhan I, Rekdal SS, Bertelsen TB. Effects of emotionally oriented parental interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1159892. [PMID: 37519350 PMCID: PMC10374204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1159892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effects of emotionally oriented parental interventions. Background Several emotionally oriented parental interventions have been developed during the last decade. Some of these have gained popularity and spread across several continents. The literature is growing and consists of qualitative studies; intervention only, quasi-experimental, case-control studies; and randomized controlled trials. They indicate effects for parents and children. However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has, to our knowledge, summarized the results. Method Using several search engines, we located 8,272 studies. After abstract and full-text screening, 33 studies were assessed for bias and included in the study. Outcomes for parents and children were extracted and combined into three constructs for parents and two for children. Meta-analyses were conducted for each construct to estimate the effect of the interventions using a robust Bayes meta-analysis. Results The results indicate the presence of a small to medium effect on parents' mental health, behavior, and use of emotionally oriented parenting, as well as on children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties. Most participants were recruited from the general population, and clinical settings were rare. The results show little evidence of publication bias. Conclusion There is evidence of a small to medium effect of emotionally oriented interventions on parents and children. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/un3q4/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Zahl-Olsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Linda Severinsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Carina Ribe Fernee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Indra Simhan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sondre Sverd Rekdal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
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Capitão LP, Chapman R, Filippini N, Wright L, Murphy SE, James A, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Acute neural effects of fluoxetine on emotional regulation in depressed adolescents. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4799-4810. [PMID: 35903009 PMCID: PMC10388313 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted processing of emotional stimuli and difficulties in cognitive reappraisal. Little is known however about how current pharmacotherapies act to modulate the neural mechanisms underlying these key processes. The current study therefore investigated the neural effects of fluoxetine on emotional reactivity and cognitive reappraisal in adolescent depression. METHODS Thirty-one adolescents with MDD were randomised to acute fluoxetine (10 mg) or placebo. Seventeen healthy adolescents were also recruited but did not receive any treatment for ethical reasons. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants viewed aversive images and were asked to either experience naturally the emotional state elicited ('Maintain') or to reinterpret the content of the pictures to reduce negative affect ('Reappraise'). Significant activations were identified using whole-brain analysis. RESULTS No significant group differences were seen when comparing Reappraise and Maintain conditions. However, when compared to healthy controls, depressed adolescents on placebo showed reduced visual activation to aversive pictures irrespective of the condition. The depressed adolescent group on fluoxetine showed the opposite pattern, i.e. increased visuo-cerebellar activity in response to aversive pictures, when compared to depressed adolescents on placebo. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that depression in adolescence may be associated with reduced visual processing of aversive imagery and that fluoxetine may act to reduce avoidance of such cues. This could reflect a key mechanism whereby depressed adolescents engage with negative cues previously avoided. Future research combining fMRI with eye-tracking is nonetheless needed to further clarify these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana P. Capitão
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Chapman
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucy Wright
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah E. Murphy
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony James
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J. Cowen
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J. Harmer
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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68
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Mulder RH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Veenstra J, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH. Facing ostracism: micro-coding facial expressions in the Cyberball social exclusion paradigm. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:185. [PMID: 37337264 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social exclusion is often measured with the Cyberball paradigm, a computerized ball-tossing game. Most Cyberball studies, however, used self-report questionnaires, leaving the data vulnerable to reporter bias, and associations with individual characteristics have been inconsistent. METHODS In this large-scale observational study, we video-recorded 4,813 10-year-old children during Cyberball and developed a real-time micro-coding method measuring facial expressions of anger, sadness and contempt, in a multi-ethnic population-based sample. We estimated associations between facial expressions and self-reported negative feelings, explored associations of child characteristics such as sex and parental national origin with observed and self-reported feelings during social exclusion, and tested associations of observed and self-reported feelings during social exclusion with behavior problems at age 14. RESULTS Facial expressions of sadness and anger were associated with self-reported negative feelings during the game, but not with such feelings after the game. Further, girls reported to have had less negative feelings during the game than boys, but no such sex-differences were found in total observed emotions. Likewise, children with parents of Moroccan origin reported less negative feelings during the game than Dutch children, but their facial expressions did not indicate that they were differently affected. Last, observed emotions related negatively to later internalizing problems, whereas self-report on negative feelings during the game related positively to later internalizing and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS We show that facial expressions are associated with self-reported negative feelings during social exclusion, discuss that reporter-bias might be minimized using facial expressions, and find divergent associations of observed facial expressions and self-reported negative feelings with later internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CB, the Netherlands.
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Johan Veenstra
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CB, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, University of London, London, UK
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Yang H, Zhou X, Xie L, Sun J. The effect of emotion regulation on emotional eating among undergraduate students in China: The chain mediating role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280701. [PMID: 37319167 PMCID: PMC10270349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating and the role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms in mediating this chain. Four hundred ninety-four undergraduate students participated in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used in the survey from February 6 to 13, 2022, to finish our purpose, including the Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), Depression Scale (CES-D), Short Version of the Impulsivity Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The results showed that 1) difficulties in emotion regulation, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and emotional eating were correlated; 2) impulsivity and depressive symptoms separately mediated the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating; 3) impulsivity and depressive symptoms played a chain mediating role between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating. The current study provided a better understanding of the psychologically related pathway of emotional eating. The results would be helpful for prevention and intervention of emotional eating among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiao Xie
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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70
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Yuan J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Gao K, Tan S, Zhang D. The Emotion-Regulation Benefits of Implicit Reappraisal in Clinical Depression: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:973-983. [PMID: 36355339 PMCID: PMC10264307 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by emotion dysregulation. Whether implicit emotion regulation can compensate for this deficit remains unknown. In this study, we recruited 159 subjects who were healthy controls, had subclinical depression, or had MDD, and examined them under baseline, implicit, and explicit reappraisal conditions. Explicit reappraisal led to the most negative feelings and the largest parietal late positive potential (parietal LPP, an index of emotion intensity) in the MDD group compared to the other two groups; the group difference was absent under the other two conditions. MDD patients showed larger regulatory effects in the LPP during implicit than explicit reappraisal, whereas healthy controls showed a reversed pattern. Furthermore, the frontal P3, an index of voluntary cognitive control, showed larger amplitudes in explicit reappraisal compared to baseline in the healthy and subclinical groups, but not in the MDD group, while implicit reappraisal did not increase P3 across groups. These findings suggest that implicit reappraisal is beneficial for clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Kexiang Gao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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71
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Guo YY, Gu JJ, Gaskin J, Yin XQ, Zhang YH, Wang JL. The association of childhood maltreatment with Internet addiction: the serial mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106134. [PMID: 36933524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood maltreatment, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs), and depression can be important in adolescents' Internet addiction. The current study aims to investigate the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on Internet addiction and its indirect effects via CERSs and depression. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 4091 adolescents (age M = 13.64, SD = 1.59; 48.9 % males) were recruited from a public school in China. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short version (CERQ-Short), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). A latent structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS After controlling for age, childhood maltreatment was directly associated with adolescents' Internet addiction (β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the serial mediating effect via maladaptive CERSs and depression was 0.02 (95 % CI [0.01, 0.04]), and via adaptive CERSs and depression was 0.001 (95 % CI [0.0004, 0.002]), demonstrating significant serial mediating role of CERSs and depression in this relationship. No gender difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that maladaptive CERSs and depression can be potential mechanisms relating childhood maltreatment to adolescents' Internet addiction, while adaptive CERSs can be a less influential factor for reducing Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gu
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - James Gaskin
- Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Xue-Qin Yin
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Zagaria A, Vacca M, Cerolini S, Terrasi M, Bacaro V, Ballesio A, Baglioni C, Spinhoven P, Lombardo C. Differential Associations of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Adolescence and Early Adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105857. [PMID: 37239583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) are consistently linked to poor mental health in adulthood, findings in adolescence have been more mixed. Cognitive ER strategies, which involve the ability to manage emotions through mental processes, may be particularly important during different stages of development due to age-specific adjustments. We conducted two exploratory and cross-sectional studies to examine the relationships between cognitive ER strategies and mental health (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms) in two samples: 431 young adults (Mage = 20.66 ± 2.21; 70% women and 30% men) and 271 adolescents (Mage = 14.80 ± 0.0.59; 44.6% girls and 55.4% boys). The participants completed a group of questionnaires, including the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Youth Self Report. We employed hierarchical multiple regressions to assess the unique contribution of cognitive ER strategies to mental health outcomes. Maladaptive strategies (such as rumination and catastrophizing) were consistently associated with impaired mental health in both samples, while adaptive strategies (such as positive refocusing and positive reappraisal) were only associated with better mental health in young adults. These findings support the importance of cognitive ER strategies as potential risk factors for psychopathology and suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation may be beneficial. The age-specific differences in the relationship between cognitive ER strategies and mental health may reflect the refinement of emotion regulation abilities across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terrasi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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73
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Al-Janaideh R, Speidel R, Colasante T, Malti T. Evaluating a Social-Emotional Training Program for Refugee Families and Service Providers: Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e42606. [PMID: 37145855 PMCID: PMC10199395 DOI: 10.2196/42606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugee children are often exposed to adversities that present a threat to their healthy development. Promoting refugee children's social-emotional capacities may be an opportune, strengths-based avenue to nurture their resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes amid these risks. Furthermore, supporting caregivers' and service providers' capacities to provide strengths-based care may result in more sustainable, caring environments for refugee children. However, culturally adapted initiatives that aim to promote social-emotional capacities and mental health in refugee children, caregivers, and service providers are limited. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a brief, 3-week social-emotional training program for refugee caregivers of children aged between 2 and 12 years and service providers who support refugees. This study had 3 central objectives. First, we examined whether refugee caregivers' and service providers' knowledge of core social-emotional concepts increased from pre- to posttraining, whether these increases were maintained 2 months later, and whether caregivers and service providers reported a high use of training-based strategies after the training. Second, we assessed if refugee caregivers reported any improvements in their children's social-emotional capacities and mental health from pre- to posttraining and 2 months later. Finally, we evaluated whether caregivers and service providers experienced any improvements in their own mental health symptoms from pre- to posttraining and 2 months later. METHODS A total of 50 Middle Eastern refugee caregivers of children (n=26) aged between 2 and 12 years and service providers (n=24) were recruited using convenience sampling and participated in a 3-week training program. Training sessions were delivered via a web-based learning management system and involved a combination of asynchronous (video-based) and synchronous (web-based live group) sessions. The training was evaluated using an uncontrolled pre-, post-, and 2-month follow-up design. Caregivers and service providers reported their understanding of social-emotional concepts and mental health at pre-, post-, and 2 months after training and reported their use of training strategies after training. Caregivers reported their children's social-emotional capacities and mental health through a presurvey, a series of postsurveys (after each module session and 1 week after the training), and a 2-month follow-up survey. The participants also reported their demographic information. RESULTS Caregivers' and service providers' knowledge of social-emotional concepts increased significantly from pre- to posttraining, and the service providers' knowledge increase was sustained at the 2-month follow-up. Both caregivers and service providers reported high levels of strategy use. Furthermore, 2 markers of children's social-emotional development (ie, emotion regulation and sadness over wrongdoing) improved after training. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the potential of strengths-based, culturally adapted social-emotional initiatives to support refugee caregivers' and service providers' abilities to provide high-quality social-emotional care to refugee children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redab Al-Janaideh
- Research and Assessment, Centre for Leadership and Learning, York Region District School Board, York Region, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Speidel
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health and Policy, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tina Malti
- Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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74
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Tian L, Zhou Z, Huebner ES. Association between emotional abuse and depressive symptoms in Chinese children: The mediating role of emotion regulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106135. [PMID: 36924624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional abuse has been identified as a risk factor for children's depressive symptoms. However, the specific psychological mechanisms mediating this relation are not well understood. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study examined the relation of emotional abuse to subsequent depressive symptoms and the possible mediating role of emotion regulation among Chinese children. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 3633 children (45.5 % girls) with an average age of 9.96 years from a large city in southern China. METHOD Participants completed multiple measurements of emotional abuse, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms on five occasions at six-month intervals, controlling for sex, age, and physical abuse and emotional neglect at Time 1. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to examine the longitudinal relations among the variables. RESULTS Results showed (a) emotional abuse was significantly positively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms; (b) cognitive reappraisal mediated the relation between emotional abuse and depressive symptoms, but expressive suppression did not. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal in the relation between emotional abuse and depressive symptoms, suggesting that intervention programs targeting cognitive reappraisal may be effective to reduce the likelihood of depressive symptoms among Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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75
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Somerville MP, MacIntyre H, Harrison A, Mauss IB. Emotion Controllability Beliefs and Young People's Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: A Systematic Review. ADOLESCENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2023; 9:33-51. [PMID: 38410118 PMCID: PMC7615668 DOI: 10.1007/s40894-023-00213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is a powerful predictor of youth mental health and a crucial ingredient of interventions. A growing body of evidence indicates that the beliefs individuals hold about the extent to which emotions are controllable (emotion controllability beliefs) influence both the degree and the ways in which they regulate emotions. A systematic review was conducted that investigated the associations between emotion controllability beliefs and youth anxiety and depression symptoms. The search identified 21 peer-reviewed publications that met the inclusion criteria. Believing that emotions are relatively controllable was associated with fewer anxiety and depression symptoms, in part because these beliefs were associated with more frequent use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. These findings support theoretical models linking emotion controllability beliefs with anxiety and depression symptoms via emotion regulation strategies that target emotional experience, like reappraisal. Taken together, the review findings demonstrate that emotion controllability beliefs matter for youth mental health. Understanding emotion controllability beliefs is of prime importance for basic science and practice, as it will advance understanding of mental health and provide additional targets for managing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Helen MacIntyre
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Amy Harrison
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Iris B. Mauss
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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76
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Zhang S, Liu J, Sang B, Zhao Y. Age and gender differences in expressive flexibility and the association with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1185820. [PMID: 37223827 PMCID: PMC10202151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated age and gender differences in the ability to flexibly enhance and suppress facial expressions according to situational demands, known as expressive flexibility (EF), as well as its relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Methods The participants included 766 Chinese high school students aged between 12 and 18 years (mean age = 14.96 years, standard deviation = 2.04; 52.2% female). Data on EF and depressive symptoms were collected using self-report questionnaires. Results Girls scored higher on enhancement abilities than boys, but with no significant gender difference in suppression abilities. There were also no significant age-related differences in enhancement and suppression abilities. Only enhancement ability was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion The development of EF abilities was stable among adolescents, with varying effects in terms of gender, and the importance of EF and enhancement abilities in reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Sang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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77
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Demichelis OP, Grainger SA, Hubbard RE, Henry JD. Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between social frailty and stress, anxiety, and depression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6430. [PMID: 37081078 PMCID: PMC10119122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Social frailty refers to an inability to meet basic social needs and has been identified as a threat to physical and mental health. Although social frailty has been linked with many adverse health and well-being outcomes, potential mediators of the relationship between social frailty and well-being remain poorly understood. Emotion regulation refers to the capacity to alter the experience of emotions to behave in accordance with a desired goal. The present study was designed to provide the first direct test of whether emotion regulation mediates the relationships between social frailty and important well-being outcomes (stress, anxiety, and depression). A total of 790 participants completed validated measures of social frailty, stress, anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation. In line with our preregistered hypotheses, higher social frailty predicted increased stress, anxiety, and depression, and each of these relationships were partially mediated by emotion regulation capacity. These data provide novel evidence that emotion regulation abilities may serve as a protective factor against the negative consequences of social frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia P Demichelis
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sarah A Grainger
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ruth E Hubbard
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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78
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Zsido AN, Lang A, Labadi B, Deak A. Phobia-specific patterns of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6105. [PMID: 37055493 PMCID: PMC10102078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fear plays a vital role in survival, an overly active threat detection system could be maladaptive due to its negative health consequences. Putatively maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies are a core problem in phobias. In contrast, adaptive ER strategies could help downregulate the emotion elicited by a threatening stimulus and decrease anxiety. Yet, the number of studies directly examining the pattern of ER strategies linked to various phobias is still scarce. Thus, this study sought to map the patterns of adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies linked to the three most common phobias (social, animal, and blood-injection-injury [BII]). A total of 856 healthy participants filled out our survey including self-reported measures of social anxiety, snake-, spider-, BII phobia, and cognitive ER strategies. Structural equation modeling was used to test the effects between the variables. The results show that social anxiety and animal phobia were linked to both adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies, while BII was only associated with maladaptive ones. Further analyses showed that the most prominent ER strategies differed by subtype. This is in line with previous neuroimaging studies claiming that the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying phobias are also different. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras N Zsido
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjusag Street, Pécs, Baranya, 7624, Hungary.
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Andras Lang
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjusag Street, Pécs, Baranya, 7624, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Labadi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjusag Street, Pécs, Baranya, 7624, Hungary
| | - Anita Deak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjusag Street, Pécs, Baranya, 7624, Hungary
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79
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Hui Z, Wang X, Wang X, Zhao J, Pan Y, Liu F, Zheng R, Wang M. Satisfaction with care quality and anxiety among family members during nursing home visiting restrictions: The chain mediating effect of emotional regulation and perceived stress. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1117287. [PMID: 37089513 PMCID: PMC10116063 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the psychological well-being (perceived stress and anxiety) of Chinese family members during nursing home visiting restrictions and to elucidate the relationships among satisfaction with care quality, emotion regulation, perceived stress, and anxiety.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with a cross-sectional study design. From 18 to 29 January 2022, a total of 571 family members of nursing home residents completed online questionnaires comprising socio-demographic characteristics, satisfaction with care quality, emotion regulation, perceived stress, and anxiety. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of satisfaction with care quality on anxiety using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.ResultsThe results showed that approximately one-quarter of Chinese family members had anxiety symptoms during nursing home visiting restrictions. Satisfaction with care quality affected anxiety via three mediating paths: (a) through cognitive reappraisal (effect = 0.028); (b) through cognitive reappraisal and perceived stress sequentially (effect = −0.057); and (c) through perceived stress (effect = −0.212). The chain mediating effect (path b) accounted for 23.7% of the total effect.ConclusionsThese findings corroborated our hypothesis that cognitive reappraisal (a kind of emotion regulation strategy) and perceived stress mediated the relationship between satisfaction with care quality and anxiety during nursing home visiting restrictions. Efforts to address family members’ psychological well-being by focusing on cognitive reappraisal should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Hui
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- School of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunjin Pan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, Tongchuan, China
| | - Ruishi Zheng
- Songhe Nursing Home, Xi’an Tangcheng Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxu Wang,
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80
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Nauphal M, Curreri AJ, Cardona ND, Meyer ER, Southward MW, Sauer-Zavala S. Measuring Emotion Regulation Skill Use During Treatment: A Promising Methodological Approach. Assessment 2023; 30:592-605. [PMID: 34886709 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211063229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation has become ubiquitous in the study of psychopathology and a growing number of treatment outcome studies are collecting data on emotion regulation skill use. However, traditional measures of emotion regulation fail to capture important nuances in emotion regulation processes, their relationship to psychopathology, and how individuals use emotion regulation skills over time and across contexts. Novel methodologies are particularly needed for measuring emotion regulation in the context of treatment studies. In this article, we discuss a proposed methodology, the combination of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and single-case experimental design (SCED), for measuring emotion regulation strategy use in the context of treatment outcome studies. To inform this discussion, we provide a brief overview of common approaches to assessing emotion regulation skill use in the context of treatment outcome research. We then describe the utility of intensive data capture (EMA) in the context of idiographic treatment studies (SCED), present a case study to illustrate the different uses of data collected through EMA in the context of a SCED study, and discuss considerations for implementing this method in clinical practice.
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81
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Gracia-Leiva M, Ubillos-Landa S, Puente-Martínez A, Arias-Rodríguez G, Nieto-Betancour L, Tobar-Lasso MJ, Páez-Rovira D. A Cross-Cultural Sequential Model of the Association Between Young Spanish and Colombian Women Victims of Power Imbalance and Suicide Risk: The Mediating Role of Dating Violence and Rumination. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6195-6229. [PMID: 36342222 PMCID: PMC9969490 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221132780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For young women, the power imbalance in favor of males in dating relationships has been related to dating violence (DV) victimization. In addition, the use of rumination to cope with DV may increase their psychological distress. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether experiences of DV and rumination mediate the association between power imbalance and suicide risk (SR). The sample comprised 1,216 young women aged between 18 and 28 years from Colombia (n = 461) and Spain (n = 755), in a heterosexual dating relationship, not married or cohabiting with a partner and without children. The following scales were applied: The Sexual Relationship Power Scale-Modified, The Dating Violence Questionnaire--R (DVQ-R); Cyberdating Abuse Questionnaire, Measure of Affect Regulation Scale (MARS), and The Spanish Suicide Risk Scale. A sequential mediation paths model was tested. Results indicated that power imbalance was associated with DV victimization. Furthermore, DV was associated with more rumination, which was also linked to a greater SR in both countries. Rumination may be a mechanism through which experiences of DV victimization negatively influence mental health in young women and is an important variable related cross-culturally to SR. The findings suggest an equality approach, addressing the power imbalance in dating relationships, empowering girls to prevent DV, and teaching coping strategies for dealing with victimization and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alicia Puente-Martínez
- University of the Basque Country,
Donostia, Spain
- University of Burgos, Spain
- University of Salamanca, Spain
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82
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Alawadhi YT, Smith MR, King KM. The relations between real-time use of emotion regulation strategies and anxiety and depression symptoms. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1082-1098. [PMID: 36490357 PMCID: PMC10042282 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How individuals differentially implement specific emotion regulation (ER) strategies is a critical indicator of the progression of depressive and anxiety disorders. Symptoms of anxiety and depression may be associated with differences in ER, but little evidence to date had examined whether anxiety and depression were associated with individual differences in the real-time use of ER strategies. METHODS This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in two samples (n = 276) of undergraduate students from a single university who were assessed for 8-10 days. Baseline surveys captured participant self-reported anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms using the PROMIS-Anxiety scale and the PROMIS-Depression scale, respectively. We measured ER through EMA-adapted prompts from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), which participants received on their internet-enabled cell phones. In pre-registered analyses, we tested the associations between anxiety symptoms with the use of discrete ER strategies in EMA using generalized estimating equations with a log-link function to account for nesting of EMA observations within participants, and further tested whether the findings generalized to depression (not pre-registered). RESULTS Symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated with greater odds of using both maladaptive and adaptive ER strategy use during the EMA period, and with lower odds of reporting no strategy use. Moreover, associations were generally stronger for maladaptive than adaptive ER strategies. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depressive symptoms are related to increased regulatory efforts overall, and results suggest that individuals with anxiety and depressive symptoms may be especially prone to use maladaptive ER strategies. Tracking ER strategies in a natural environment can further inform our understanding of how anxious and depressed individuals attempt to regulate emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen T. Alawadhi
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle WA 98195-1525, (206) 685-3571, USA
| | - Michele R. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle WA 98195-1525, (206) 685-3571, USA
| | - Kevin M. King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle WA 98195-1525, (206) 685-3571, USA
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83
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Chang S, Vaingankar JA, Seow E, Samari E, Chua YC, Luo N, Verma S, Subramaniam M. Understanding Emotion Regulation Strategies Among Youths: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584231161002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The period of youth encompasses a myriad of experiences that often elicit a range of emotions from the individual. This study was conducted to understand emotion regulation (ER) among youths, specifically to identify strategies employed by youths to regulate emotions, and to understand the perceived importance and impact of ER. Qualitative data were collected through one-to-one semi-structured interviews ( n = 25) and focus group discussions ( n = 11; total 70 participants) among youths aged between 15 and 24 years. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. ER strategies engaged by youths in this study were classified into the following themes: (1) developing emotional awareness and acceptance, (2) emotional catharsis, (3) calling for a timeout, and (4) positive thinking and reframing. Youths perceived the importance of regulating emotions as (1) ER contributes to rational thinking and decision-making, (2) poor ER worsens mental wellbeing, (3) ER provides stability in life, and has (4) relevance to current life stage and environment. Findings from this study illustrate the essential role of ER for youth’s healthy functioning and demonstrate the value of strengthening emotional regulatory capacities in them.
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84
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Cochran G, Cohen ZP, Paulus MP, Tsuchiyagaito A, Kirlic N. Sustained increase in depression and anxiety among psychiatrically healthy adolescents during late stage COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1137842. [PMID: 37009105 PMCID: PMC10063786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1137842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents have experienced increases in anxiety, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at particular risk for suffering from long-term mental health consequences because of their unique developmental stage. This study aimed to determine if initial increases in depression and anxiety in a small sample of healthy adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were sustained at follow-up during a later stage of the pandemic. Methods Fifteen healthy adolescents completed self-report measures at three timepoints (pre-pandemic [T1], early pandemic [T2], and later pandemic [T3]). The sustained effect of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety was examined using linear mixed-effect analyses. An exploratory analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation during COVID-19 at T2 and increases in depression and anxiety at T3. Results The severity of depression and anxiety was significantly increased at T2 and sustained at T3 (depression: Hedges' g [T1 to T2] = 1.04, g [T1 to T3] = 0.95; anxiety: g [T1 to T2] = 0.79, g [T1 to T3] = 0.80). This was accompanied by sustained reductions in positive affect, peer trust, and peer communication. Greater levels of difficulties in emotion regulation at T2 were related to greater symptoms of depression and anxiety at T3 (rho = 0.71 to 0.80). Conclusion Increased symptoms of depression and anxiety were sustained at the later stage of the pandemic in healthy adolescents. Replication of these findings with a larger sample size would be required to draw firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Cochran
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Zsofia P. Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | | | - Aki Tsuchiyagaito
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
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85
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Sahib A, Chen J, Cárdenas D, Calear AL. Intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation: A meta-analytic and systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 101:102270. [PMID: 36965452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty, a transdiagnostic factor manifested across emotional disorders, has been associated with difficulties in regulating emotions. This meta-analysis addresses the lack of synthesis of this relationship. PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest were systematically searched for relevant articles published up to and during November 2022. We combined 161 effect sizes from 91 studies (N = 30,239), separating the analysis into maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies and their association with intolerance of uncertainty. We found a moderate positive relationship between maladaptive, and a moderate inverse relationship between adaptive emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty. Analysing the magnitude of relationships revealed that cognitive avoidance and mindfulness were the maladaptive and adaptive strategies respectively which had the largest effect sizes and thus strongest relationships with intolerance of uncertainty. Combining all strategies, cognitive avoidance remained the largest effect size, while expressive suppression had the smallest effect size and was non-significant in its relationship. Further analyses testing study sample, design, and age as moderators found no significant moderator for the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation strategies. These findings have implications for future intolerance of uncertainty interventions, with emotion regulation as a potential target of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahib
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Rd, Action ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - J Chen
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Rd, Action ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - D Cárdenas
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal (QC) H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - A L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Eggleston Rd & Mills Rd, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
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86
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Wang R, Li H, Sang B, Zhao Y. Emotion regulation as a mediator on the relationship between emotional awareness and depression in elementary school students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1127246. [PMID: 37008869 PMCID: PMC10050560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1127246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cognitive skill, emotional awareness plays a fundamental role in emotional intelligence and significant effect on the development of individuals’ social adaptation. However, the role of emotional awareness in children’s social adaptation, especially emotional development, remains unclear, the current study sought to determine the significant influence of emotional awareness in children’s emotional development. By using cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs, the current study explored the relationship between emotional awareness and children’s depression, as well as the mediation effect of emotion regulation on this relationship. The sample comprised 166 Chinese elementary school students (89 girls and 77 boys) ranging from 8 to 12 years old. After adjusting for demographic variables (gender, grade, etc.), the results showed that children with high emotional awareness were less likely to adopt expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy and had lower depression levels currently and in the future. In contrast, children with low emotional awareness were more likely to use suppression strategies and showed higher depression levels. Thus, the results indicated that emotional awareness could predict children’s current and future depression status. Meanwhile, emotional regulation strategies are an important mediating variable explaining the relationship between emotional awareness and children’s depression. Implications and limitations were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruian Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of School Counseling, Caoguangbiao Primary School, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Sang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Academy of Educational Science, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Sang,
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Yuyang Zhao,
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87
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Does emotion regulation mediate the effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms in adolescents? J Affect Disord 2023; 325:354-359. [PMID: 36608855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents' exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is highly prevalent and increases their risk of developing depression considerably. A small number of studies have addressed the extent to which resilience factors, such as the ability to emotionally regulate, mediate the relationship between SLEs and depression. This study examined whether emotion regulation mediates and significantly attenuates the direct path between SLEs and depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample of adolescents. METHOD A sample of 235 first- and second-year high-school students completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Risk Factor Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Mean age was 16.9 (SD = 1.8) years, and 65 % (n = 152) of the participants were female. To assess for mediation, a regression-based path analysis approach was used. RESULTS SLEs were significantly (t = 5.13, p < 0.001) associated with depressive symptoms, explaining 59.1 % of the total variance. Controlling for the mediation variable (emotion regulation), we found a reduced but statistically significant direct effect (t = 2.87, p = 0.005) between SLEs and depressive symptoms. A statistically significant indirect effect explaining 64.6 % of the total effect demonstrated partial mediation from stressful life events to depressive symptoms via emotion regulation. LIMITATIONS Our analyses are based on correlational and cross-sectional data and thus exclude statistical examination of temporal causal relationships, and assessments of whether reported affects are stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that interventions that can modify the ability to regulate emotions may help reduce depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents.
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88
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Niu X, Taylor MM, Wicks JJ, Fassett-Carman AN, Moser AD, Neilson C, Peterson EC, Kaiser RH, Snyder HR. Longitudinal Relations Between Emotion Regulation and Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:350-366. [PMID: 37168696 PMCID: PMC10010247 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation are putative risk and protective factors for depression and anxiety, but most prior research does not differentiate within-person effects from between-person individual differences. The current study does so during the early part of the Covid-19 pandemic when internalizing symptoms were high. Methods A sample of emerging adult undergraduate students (N = 154) completed online questionnaires bi-weekly on depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation across eight weeks during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic (April 2nd to June 27th, 2020). Results Depression demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, catastrophizing, and self-blame, and negative correlations with overall adaptive emotion regulation and reappraisal. Anxiety demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, rumination, and catastrophizing, and a negative correlation with reappraisal. After controlling for these between-person associations, however, there were generally no within-person associations between emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms might be temporally stable individual differences that cooccur with one another as opposed to having a more dynamic relation. Alternatively, these dynamic mechanisms might operate over much shorter or longer periods compared to the two-week time lag in the current study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10366-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa N. Fassett-Carman
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Amelia D. Moser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Chiara Neilson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Elena C. Peterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Renee Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Roselinde H. Kaiser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Renee Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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89
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Bohr Y, Litwin L, Hankey JR, McCague H, Singoorie C, Lucassen MFG, Shepherd M, Barnhardt J. Evaluating the Utility of a Psychoeducational Serious Game (SPARX) in Protecting Inuit Youth From Depression: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games 2023; 11:e38493. [PMID: 36892940 PMCID: PMC10037175 DOI: 10.2196/38493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inuit youth in Northern Canada show considerable resilience in the face of extreme adversities. However, they also experience significant mental health needs and some of the highest adolescent suicide rates in the world. Disproportionate rates of truancy, depression, and suicide among Inuit adolescents have captured the attention of all levels of government and the country. Inuit communities have expressed an urgent imperative to create, or adapt, and then evaluate prevention and intervention tools for mental health. These tools should build upon existing strengths, be culturally appropriate for Inuit communities, and be accessible and sustainable in Northern contexts, where mental health resources are often scarce. OBJECTIVE This pilot study assesses the utility, for Inuit youth in Canada, of a psychoeducational e-intervention designed to teach cognitive behavioral therapy strategies and techniques. This serious game, SPARX, had previously demonstrated effectiveness in addressing depression with Māori youth in New Zealand. METHODS The Nunavut Territorial Department of Health sponsored this study, and a team of Nunavut-based community mental health staff facilitated youth's participation in an entirely remotely administered pilot trial using a modified randomized control approach with 24 youths aged 13-18 across 11 communities in Nunavut. These youth had been identified by the community facilitators as exhibiting low mood, negative affect, depressive presentations, or significant levels of stress. Entire communities, instead of individual youth, were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a waitlist control group. RESULTS Mixed models (multilevel regression) revealed that participating youth felt less hopeless (P=.02) and engaged in less self-blame (P=.03), rumination (P=.04), and catastrophizing (P=.03) following the SPARX intervention. However, participants did not show a decrease in depressive symptoms or an increase in formal resilience indicators. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggest that SPARX may be a good first step for supporting Inuit youth with skill development to regulate their emotions, challenge maladaptive thoughts, and provide behavioral management techniques such as deep breathing. However, it will be imperative to work with youth and communities to design, develop, and test an Inuit version of the SPARX program, tailored to fit the interests of Inuit youth and Elders in Canada and to increase engagement and effectiveness of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05702086; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05702086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bohr
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Litwin
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Ryan Hankey
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hugh McCague
- Institute for Social Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mathijs F G Lucassen
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jenna Barnhardt
- LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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90
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Hale ME, Zeman JL. Parent and friend emotion socialization in adolescence: The path to internalizing symptoms. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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91
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Helland SS, Baardstu S, Kjøbli J, Aalberg M, Neumer SP. Exploring the Mechanisms in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxious Children: Does Change in Emotion Regulation Explain Treatment Effect? PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:214-225. [PMID: 35089507 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety has shown moderate effects. However, inconsistency in findings during the last decades of treatment research and lack of measurable treatment gains over time has led to a call for optimizing interventions by identifying the active mechanisms involved and for whom such interventions are effective. It has been suggested that the moderate effects may be explained by the fact that emotion regulation rarely is directly targeted in CBT-interventions and that interventions may be more effective for children with a certain level of problems with emotion regulation. Using data from a randomized controlled trial with 160 children and their mothers at baseline (t1) and posttreatment (t2), we examined whether being randomized to CBT predicted change in anxiety symptoms from t1 to t2 and whether this change was mediated by change in emotion regulation from t1 to t2. We also investigated whether the strength of this indirect pathway depended on the level of emotion regulation problems at baseline. Latent baseline target moderated mediation analyses within a structural equation modelling framework were conducted. Results showed a significant indirect pathway between receiving CBT to improved emotion regulation, which again was significantly associated with reductions in anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest that the effect of CBT is similar for children irrespective of initial levels of emotion regulation measured broadly, whereas there was some evidence of a baseline moderation effect of the subdomain emotional control. Emotion regulation, and especially emotional control, seems to be an underlying mechanism for positive effects of CBT for anxiety disorders in children, possibly indicating that a greater emphasis on emotion regulation may optimize the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Helland
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0484, Oslo, Norway.
| | - S Baardstu
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0484, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Kjøbli
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0484, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Aalberg
- Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - S P Neumer
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0484, Oslo, Norway.,The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Northern Norway, RKBU Nord, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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92
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Adolescents' neural reactivity to acute psychosocial stress: dysfunctional regulation habits are linked to temporal gyrus response. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:332-344. [PMID: 34365995 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mid-adolescence is a critical time for the development of stress-related disorders and it is associated with significant social vulnerability. However, little is known about normative neural processes accompanying psychosocial stress at this time. Previous research found that emotion regulation strategies critically influence the relationship between stress and the development of psychiatric symptoms during adolescence. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined neural responses to acute stress and analyzed whether the tendency to use adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies is related to neural and autonomic stress responses. Results show large linear activation increases from low to medium to high stress levels mainly in medial prefrontal, insulae and temporal areas. Caudate and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, neural areas related to reward and affective valuations, showed linearly decreasing activation. In line with our hypothesis, the current adolescent neural stress profile resembled social rejection and was characterized by pronounced activation in insula, angular and temporal cortices. Moreover, results point to an intriguing role of the anterior temporal gyrus. Stress-related activity in the anterior temporal gyrus was positively related to maladaptive regulation strategies and stress-induced autonomic activity. Maladaptive coping might increase the social threat and reappraisal load of a stressor, relating to higher stress sensitivity of anterior temporal cortices.
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93
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Wilmot A, Pizzey H, Leitão S, Hasking P, Boyes M. Growing up with dyslexia: Child and parent perspectives on school struggles, self-esteem, and mental health. DYSLEXIA (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:40-54. [PMID: 36349866 PMCID: PMC10946500 DOI: 10.1002/dys.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Children with dyslexia, compared with typically reading peers, are at increased risk of internalising (e.g., anxiety) and externalising (e.g., aggression) mental health concerns; why this is the case is largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the socio-emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia from both child and parent perspectives. In so doing, we aimed to gain a better understanding of self-esteem and mental health in the context of dyslexia. One-to-one semi-structured interviews with 17 children with reading difficulties (aged 9-14 years; 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) and their mothers (interviewed separately) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach with a neurodiversity lens. We developed three themes to address the research aim: (1) Different in a good/bad way; (2) Exhausted and overwhelmed; and (3) It takes a community: Family school connections. Children discussed having "worries" and experiencing school-related stress and embarrassment. Mothers perceived children's internalising and externalising behaviour (meltdowns), school refusal, and homework resistance as emotional responses to children's school struggles due to poor "person-environment fit." Our analysis highlights the particular importance of parent support, friendship, and school-connectedness for the wellbeing of children with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wilmot
- Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of Population Health, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hannah Pizzey
- Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of Population Health, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Suze Leitão
- Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of Allied Health, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of Population Health, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mark Boyes
- Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of Population Health, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute, Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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94
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Zhang N, Sandler I, Tein JY, Wolchik S. Reducing suicide risk in parentally bereaved youth through promoting effective parenting: testing a developmental cascade model. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:433-446. [PMID: 34872628 PMCID: PMC9170840 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Children who experience parental death are at increased risk for suicide. The Family Bereavement Program (FBP) is an upstream preventive intervention for parentally bereaved families that was found to reduce suicide risk in parentally bereaved youth up to 6 and 15 years later. We tested whether FBP-induced improvements in effective parenting led to changes in multiple proximal factors that prior theory and research implicated in the cascading pathway to suicide risk, namely, aversive self-views, caregiver connectedness, peer connectedness, complicated grief, depressive symptoms, and emotion suppression. The sample was 244 bereaved youth and their surviving caregiver from 156 families. Families were randomized into the FBP (12 group-based sessions for parents, youth, and two joint sessions) or a literature control condition. Multimethod and multiinformant data were collected at baseline, posttest, 6-year and 15-year follow-up assessments. Results showed that program-induced improvements in effective parenting at posttest were associated with reduced aversive self-views and increased caregiver connectedness at the 6-year follow-up, and each mediator was in turn associated with reduced suicide risk at the 6- and 15-year follow-up. The mediated pathways via aversive self-views remained significant while controlling for caregiver connectedness. Self-related concepts may be important targets in upstream suicide prevention for at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Irwin Sandler
- REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jenn-Yun Tein
- REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sharlene Wolchik
- REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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95
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Toward a Positive Life beyond COVID-19: Problem-Solving Appraisal as a Resistance Resource in the Relationship between Stress and Well-Being in Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030350. [PMID: 36766925 PMCID: PMC9914683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global stressor that has been associated with elevated risk of negative mental health symptoms. As a helping profession, our main task should be identifying factors that may shield individuals from the negative consequences of stress, rather than only focusing on the causes and symptoms of stress. One such factor, identified in the literature, is an individual's perception of their problem-solving skills. In this study we investigate the role of problem-solving appraisal in the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. Participants were students (n = 322) who completed the Problem Solving Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the short forms of the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results demonstrate the health-sustaining benefits of problem-solving appraisal, as all dimensions of problem-solving appraisal (problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and problem-solving control) were directly associated with hopelessness and anxiety. The stress-buffering role of problem-solving appraisal with respect to hopelessness was demonstrated through the interaction between perceived stress and problem-solving appraisal. However, problem-solving appraisal did not buffer the effects of stress on anxiety. The findings indicate that problem-solving appraisal may be an important protective resource that could be beneficial for coping with other negative events and experiences beyond COVID-19. The implications of these findings for interventions are discussed.
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96
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Troy AS, Willroth EC, Shallcross AJ, Giuliani NR, Gross JJ, Mauss IB. Psychological Resilience: An Affect-Regulation Framework. Annu Rev Psychol 2023; 74:547-576. [PMID: 36103999 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020122-041854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adversity (e.g., poverty, bereavement) is a robust predictor of disruptions in psychological functioning. However, people vary greatly in their responses to adversity; some experience severe long-term disruptions, others experience minimal disruptions or even improvements. We refer to the latter outcomes-faring better than expected given adversity-as psychological resilience. Understanding what processes explain resilience has critical theoretical and practical implications. Yet, psychology's understanding of resilience is incomplete, for two reasons: (a) We lack conceptual clarity, and (b) two major approaches to resilience-the stress and coping approach and the emotion and emotion-regulation approach-have limitations and are relatively isolated from one another. To address these two obstacles,we first discuss conceptual questions about resilience. Next, we offer an integrative affect-regulation framework that capitalizes on complementary strengths of both approaches. This framework advances our understanding of resilience by integrating existing findings, highlighting gaps in knowledge, and guiding future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Troy
- Popular Comms Institute, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Department of Psychology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Amanda J Shallcross
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
| | | | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Iris B Mauss
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
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97
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Wilmot A, Hasking P, Leitão S, Hill E, Boyes M. Understanding Mental Health in Developmental Dyslexia: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1653. [PMID: 36674408 PMCID: PMC9864451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Children with dyslexia are at elevated risk of internalising and externalising mental health concerns. Our aim was to scope the extent and nature of the literature investigating factors which may influence this association. We systematically searched the peer-reviewed and grey literature with no restrictions on the date. We included both qualitative and quantitative studies. Inclusion criteria included: (1) a focus on childhood (≤18 years) reading/learning difficulties; (2) internalising and/or externalising symptoms; and (3) a potentially modifiable third factor (e.g., self-esteem). Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. We organised the studies according to individual, family, and community-level third factors. Whilst a range of third factors were identified, relatively few researchers tested associations between the third factor and mental health in the context of dyslexia. Furthermore, there was a focus on primary rather than secondary school experience and a reliance, in many cases, on teacher/parent perspectives on children's mental health. Future researchers are encouraged to explore links between socio-emotional skills, coping strategies, school connectedness, and mental health in the context of dyslexia. Research of this nature is important to assist with the identification of children who are more (or less) at risk of mental health concerns and to inform tailored mental health programs for children with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wilmot
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Suze Leitão
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Mark Boyes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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98
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Cholankeril R, Xiang E, Badr H. Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:993. [PMID: 36673747 PMCID: PMC9859033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This population-based study investigated gender differences in the use of coping strategies and their relationship to anxiety symptoms during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in the United States. A national online survey was administered between 13 April 2020 and 8 June 2020. The study sample comprised 1673 respondents (66% women). Overall, 46% reported high levels of anxiety, and women experienced significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of anxiety than men. Women were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to use acceptance, self-distraction, positive reframing, and emotional support than men. Significant interactions between gender and coping strategies were also identified. Women engaging in high (+1SD) vs. low (−1SD) levels of active coping were not found to have significantly different anxiety levels. In contrast, men reported higher levels of anxiety when they engaged in high levels of active coping and lower levels of anxiety when they engaged in low levels of active coping (b2 = 0.88, t = 3.33, p = 0.001). Additionally, women engaging in high levels of acceptance and positive reframing reported significantly lower anxiety levels than when engag-ing in low levels of acceptance (b1 = −1.03, t = −4.58, p < 0.001) and positive reframing (b1 = −0.72, t = −3.95, p < 0.001). No significant associations between acceptance and positive reframing levels and anxiety levels were found with men. Overall, these findings extend our understanding of the nature of gender differences in stress responsivity during periods of high psychological distress and can inform the development of mental health interventions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosann Cholankeril
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MPH@GW, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Ellen Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hoda Badr
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Baggio T, Grecucci A, Meconi F, Messina I. Anxious Brains: A Combined Data Fusion Machine Learning Approach to Predict Trait Anxiety from Morphometric Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:610. [PMID: 36679404 PMCID: PMC9863274 DOI: 10.3390/s23020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trait anxiety relates to the steady propensity to experience and report negative emotions and thoughts such as fear and worries across different situations, along with a stable perception of the environment as characterized by threatening stimuli. Previous studies have tried to investigate neuroanatomical features related to anxiety mostly using univariate analyses and thus giving rise to contrasting results. The aim of this study is to build a predictive model of individual differences in trait anxiety from brain morphometric features, by taking advantage of a combined data fusion machine learning approach to allow generalization to new cases. Additionally, we aimed to perform a network analysis to test the hypothesis that anxiety-related networks have a central role in modulating other networks not strictly associated with anxiety. Finally, we wanted to test the hypothesis that trait anxiety was associated with specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and whether anxiety may decrease with ageing. Structural brain images of 158 participants were first decomposed into independent covarying gray and white matter networks with a data fusion unsupervised machine learning approach (Parallel ICA). Then, supervised machine learning (decision tree) and backward regression were used to extract and test the generalizability of a predictive model of trait anxiety. Two covarying gray and white matter independent networks successfully predicted trait anxiety. The first network included mainly parietal and temporal regions such as the postcentral gyrus, the precuneus, and the middle and superior temporal gyrus, while the second network included frontal and parietal regions such as the superior and middle temporal gyrus, the anterior cingulate, and the precuneus. We also found that trait anxiety was positively associated with catastrophizing, rumination, other- and self-blame, and negatively associated with positive refocusing and reappraisal. Moreover, trait anxiety was negatively associated with age. This paper provides new insights regarding the prediction of individual differences in trait anxiety from brain and psychological features and can pave the way for future diagnostic predictive models of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Baggio
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab (CLI.A.N. Lab), Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab (CLI.A.N. Lab), Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences, CISMed, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Federica Meconi
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab (CLI.A.N. Lab), Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Irene Messina
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab (CLI.A.N. Lab), Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Economics, Universitas Mercatorum, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Ho Ma TTQ, Gu PhD C. Cyberbullying victimization and depression: self-esteem as a mediator and approach coping strategies as moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:94-101. [PMID: 33650940 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1877718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The percentage of victims of cyberbullying among college students seems to increase. However, research on the mechanisms by which cyberbullying victimization (CV) suffer from depression is scarce. This study has purpose to figure out the mediating role of self-esteem (SE) as well as the moderating role of approach coping strategies in the association between CV and depression among Vietnamese college students. Methods: A total of 606 Vietnamese university students completed the Self-Esteem Scale, The Self-Report Coping Scale, The cyberbullying victimization scale, DASS 21. Results: The results indicated that SE partially mediated the relation between CV and depression among Vietnamese college students as well as approach coping strategies moderated the involvement between CV and depression among Vietnamese college students. Conclusions: Our findings can help psychological service providers identify the methods by which cyberbullying sufferers related to depression and provide interventions to reduce depression for cyberbullying victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Truc Quynh Ho Ma
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychology - Education, University of Education, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Chuanhua Gu PhD
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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