51
|
Mózner O, Moldvay J, Szabó KS, Vaskó D, Domján J, Ács D, Ligeti Z, Fehér C, Hirsch E, Puskás L, Stahl C, Frey M, Sarkadi B. Application of a Receptor-Binding-Domain-Based Simple Immunoassay for Assessing Humoral Immunity against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Virus Variants. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3193. [PMID: 38137414 PMCID: PMC10740953 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a simple, rapid, high-throughput RBD-based ELISA to assess the humoral immunity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus variants. The cDNAs of the His-tagged RBD proteins of the virus variants were stably engineered into HEK cells secreting the protein into the supernatant, and RBD purification was performed by Ni-chromatography and buffer exchange by membrane filtration. The simplified assay uses single dilutions of sera from finger-pricked native blood samples, purified RBD in 96-well plates, and a chromogenic dye for development. The results of this RBD-ELISA were confirmed to correlate with those of a commercial immunoassay measuring antibodies against the Wuhan strain, as well as direct virus neutralization assays assessing the cellular effects of the Wuhan and the Omicron (BA.5) variants. Here, we document the applicability of this ELISA to assess the variant-specific humoral immunity in vaccinated and convalescent patients, as well as to follow the time course of selective vaccination response. This simple and rapid assay, easily modified to detect humoral immunity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus variants, may help to assess the level of antiviral protection after vaccination or infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Mózner
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.)
- Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- CelluVir Biotechnology Ltd., 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- CelluVir Biotechnology Ltd., 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- I. Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Sára Szabó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.)
| | - Dorottya Vaskó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Domján
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ács
- I. Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ligeti
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.)
| | - Csaba Fehér
- Biorefinery Research Group, Department of Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Cordula Stahl
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Zellkulturtechnik, c/o University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Frey
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Zellkulturtechnik, c/o University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.M.)
- Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- CelluVir Biotechnology Ltd., 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Li J, Liu Y, Wei X, Liu Z, Yang Z, Liu L, Zhou M, Xu G, Chen L, Ding Y, Lei H, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhang X, Tang Y, Fu H, He S, Guo B, Liang X, Zhang L, Zhang W, Wu J, Wang C, Hu C, Hu R, Luo X, Quan X, Zeng C, Liang S, Liu T, Lv J, Luo Q, Qi Q, Xu L, Xiong Y, Liu J, Huang D, Xiao C, Liu J, Yang T, Xiang Y, Li Q, Nan Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu Y. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in patients with hematological malignancies: A multicenter, prospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29300. [PMID: 38063070 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about antibody responses to natural Omicron infection and the risk factors for poor responders in patients with hematological malignancies (HM). We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study during the latest Omicron wave in Chongqing, China, aiming to compare the antibody responses, as assessed by IgG levels of anti-receptor binding domain of spike protein (anti-S-RBD), to Omicron infection in the HM cohort (HMC) with healthy control cohort (HCC), and solid cancer cohort (SCC). In addition, we intend to explore the risk factors for poor responders in the HMC. Among the 466 HM patients in this cohort, the seroconversion rate was 92.7%, no statistically difference compared with HCC (98.2%, p = 0.0513) or SCC (100%, p = 0.1363). The median anti-S-RBD IgG titer was 29.9 ng/mL, significantly lower than that of HCC (46.9 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) or SCC (46.2 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Risk factors associated with nonseroconversion included no COVID-19 vaccination history (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75-12.00, p = 0.002), clinical course of COVID-19 ≤ 7 days (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.31-6.25, p = 0.008) and severe B-cell reduction (0-10/μL) (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.32-7.88, p = 0.010). Risk factors associated with low anti-S-RBD IgG titer were clinical course of COVID-19 ≤ 7 days (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.59-4.18, p < 0.001) and severe B-cell reduction (0-10/μL) (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.57-5.24, p < 0.001). This study reveals a poor antibody responses to Omicron (BA.5.2.48) infection in HM patients and identified risk factors for poor responders. Highlights that HM patients, especially those with these risk factors, may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, and the postinfection vaccination strategies for these patients should be tailored. Clinical trial: ChiCTR2300071830.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanshu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zailiang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guofa Xu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanting Chen
- Department of Hematology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haike Lei
- Department of Chongqing Cancer Multi-omics Big Data Application Engineering Research Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zailin Yang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifeng Tang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Huihui Fu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanxiu He
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingling Guo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiping Liang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongling Hu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Quan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chensi Zeng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunsi Liang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Qi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Luxiang Xu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jueyin Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dehong Huang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiying Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingyu Nan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieping Li
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chen C, Wang X, Zhang Z. Humoral and cellular immunity against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:934-947. [PMID: 37865193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019, the virus has rapidly spread worldwide. This has led to an unprecedented global pandemic, marked by millions of COVID-19 cases and a significant number of fatalities. Over a relatively short period, several different vaccine platforms are developed and deployed for use globally to curb the pandemic. However, the genome of SARS-CoV-2 continuously undergoes mutation and/or recombination, resulting in the emergence of several variants of concern (VOC). These VOCs can elevate viral transmission and evade the neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccines, leading to reinfections. Understanding the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 genomic mutation on viral pathogenesis and immune escape is crucial for assessing the threat of new variants to public health. This review focuses on the emergence and pathogenesis of VOC, with particular emphasis on their evasion of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the memory B cell, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell memory induced by different COVID-19 vaccines or infections are discussed, along with how these cells recognize VOC. This review summarizes the current knowledge on adaptive immunology regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines. Such knowledge may also be applied to vaccine design for other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310001, China
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zonozi R, Walters LC, Shulkin A, Naranbhai V, Nithagon P, Sauvage G, Kaeske C, Cosgrove K, Nathan A, Tano-Menka R, Gayton AC, Getz MA, Senjobe F, Worrall D, Iafrate AJ, Fromson C, Montesi SB, Rao DA, Sparks JA, Wallace ZS, Farmer JR, Walker BD, Charles RC, Laliberte K, Niles JL, Gaiha GD. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are elevated in B cell deficiency and reduce risk of severe COVID-19. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh4529. [PMID: 38019932 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with primary and pharmacologic B cell deficiencies have high rates of severe disease and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the immune responses and clinical outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination have yet to be fully defined. Here, we evaluate the cellular immune responses after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients receiving the anti-CD20 therapy rituximab (RTX) and those with low B cell counts due to common variable immune deficiency (CVID) disease. Assessment of effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 revealed elevated reactivity and proliferative capacity after both infection and vaccination in B cell-deficient individuals, particularly within the CD8+ T cell compartment, in comparison with healthy controls. Evaluation of clinical outcomes demonstrates that vaccination of RTX-treated individuals was associated with about 4.8-fold reduced odds of moderate or severe COVID-19 in the absence of vaccine-induced antibodies. Analysis of T cell differentiation demonstrates that RTX administration increases the relative frequency of naïve CD8+ T cells, potentially by depletion of CD8+CD20dim T cells, which are primarily of an effector memory or terminal effector memory (TEMRA) phenotype. However, this also leads to a reduction in preexisting antiviral T cell immunity. Collectively, these data indicate that individuals with B cell deficiencies have enhanced T cell immunity after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination that potentially accounts for reduced hospitalization and severe disease from subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zonozi
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lucy C Walters
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron Shulkin
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3022, Australia
| | - Pravarut Nithagon
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Sauvage
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clarety Kaeske
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine Cosgrove
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anusha Nathan
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rhoda Tano-Menka
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alton C Gayton
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew A Getz
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fernando Senjobe
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Worrall
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caroline Fromson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sydney B Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Farmer
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karen Laliberte
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John L Niles
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zirou C, Gumeni S, Bellos I, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Sklirou AD, Bagratuni T, Korompoki E, Apostolakou F, Papassotiriou I, Trougakos IP, Terpos E. Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depending on Disease Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:2250. [PMID: 38005927 PMCID: PMC10674840 DOI: 10.3390/v15112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response, with humoral immunity playing a central role in the disease course. The objective of this study was to assess the immune response and the effects of vaccination in recovered individuals with variable disease severity up to one year following natural infection. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted including patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Disease severity was classified as mild, moderate, and severe based on clinical presentation and outcomes. Anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) and neutralizing antibodies were evaluated at multiple timepoints during the first year after COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were included; of them, 28 were diagnosed with mild, 38 with moderate, and 40 with severe disease. At least one vaccine dose was administered in 58 individuals during the follow-up. Participants with mild disease presented significantly lower anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies compared to those with moderate and severe disease up to the 3rd and 6th months after the infection, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, in the third month, severe COVID-19 was associated with significantly higher anti-RBD (β: 563.09; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 257.02 to 869.17) and neutralizing (β: 21.47; 95% CI: 12.04 to 30.90) antibodies. Among vaccinated individuals, at the 12th month, a history of moderate disease was associated with significantly higher anti-RBD levels (β: 5615.19; 95% CI: 657.92 to 10,572.46). CONCLUSIONS Severe COVID-19 is associated with higher anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies up to 6 months after the infection. Vaccination of recovered patients is associated with a remarkable augmentation of antibody titers up to one year after COVID-19 diagnosis, regardless of disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zirou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General and Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bellos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Tina Bagratuni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Korompoki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Filia Apostolakou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Onyango TB, Zhou F, Bredholt G, Brokstad KA, Lartey S, Mohn KGI, Özgümüs T, Kittang BR, Linchausen DW, Shafiani S, Elyanow R, Blomberg B, Langeland N, Cox RJ. SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses in overweight and obese COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287388. [PMID: 38022529 PMCID: PMC10653322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for severe respiratory tract infections. In this prospective study, we assessed the impact of being obese or overweight on longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular responses up to 18 months after infection. 274 patients provided blood samples at regular time intervals up to 18 months including obese (BMI ≥30, n=32), overweight (BMI 25-29.9, n=103) and normal body weight (BMI 18.5-24.9, n=134) SARS-CoV-2 patients. We determined SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG, IgA, IgM levels by ELISA and neutralising antibody titres by neutralisation assay. RBD- and spike-specific memory B cells were investigated by ELISpot, spike- and non-spike-specific IFN-γ, IL-2 and IFN-γ/IL-2 secreting T cells by FluoroSpot and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed. Higher BMI correlated with increased COVID-19 severity. Humoral and cellular responses were stronger in overweight and obese patients than normal weight patients and associated with higher spike-specific IgG binding titres relative to neutralising antibody titres. Linear regression models demonstrated that BMI, age and COVID-19 severity correlated independently with higher SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. We found an increased proportion of unique SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell clonotypes after infection in overweight and obese patients. COVID-19 vaccination boosted humoral and cellular responses irrespective of BMI, although stronger immune boosting was observed in normal weight patients. Overall, our results highlight more severe disease and an over-reactivity of the immune system in overweight and obese patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, underscoring the importance of recognizing overweight/obese individuals as a risk group for prioritisation for COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Bredholt
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl A. Brokstad
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Safety, Chemistry and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sarah Lartey
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin G.-I. Mohn
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Türküler Özgümüs
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Bjørn Blomberg
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Khan MS, Kim E, Le Hingrat Q, Kleinman A, Ferrari A, Sammartino JC, Percivalle E, Xu C, Huang S, Kenniston TW, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Pandrea I, Gambotto A, Apetrei C. Tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit protein vaccination elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses in SIV-infected rhesus macaque controllers. mBio 2023; 14:e0207023. [PMID: 37830800 PMCID: PMC10653869 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02070-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The study provides important insights into the immunogenicity and efficacy of a tetravalent protein subunit vaccine candidate against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune responses in nonhuman primates with controlled SIVagm infection and was able to generate Omicron variant-specific antibodies without specifically vaccinating with Omicron. These findings suggest that the tetravalent composition of the vaccine candidate could provide broad protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants while minimizing the risk of immune escape and the emergence of new variants. Additionally, the use of rhesus macaques with controlled SIVsab infection may better represent vaccine immunogenicity in humans with chronic viral diseases, highlighting the importance of preclinical animal models in vaccine development. Overall, the study provides valuable information for the development and implementation of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, particularly for achieving global vaccine equity and addressing emerging variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Kleinman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandro Ferrari
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jose C. Sammartino
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kenniston
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Schest S, Langer C, Stiegler Y, Karnuth B, Arends J, Stiegler H, Masetto T, Peter C, Grimmler M. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody response: the comparability of S1-specific binding assays depends on epitope and isotype discrimination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257265. [PMID: 37965324 PMCID: PMC10641008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response by serological immunoassays is critical for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, neutralizing antibody titers to the viral spike (S) protein have been proposed as a correlate of protection (CoP). The WHO established the First International Standard (WHO IS) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) (NIBSC 20/136) to harmonize binding assays with the same antigen specificity by assigning the same unitage in binding antibody units (BAU)/ml. Method In this study, we analyzed the S1-specific antibody response in a cohort of healthcare workers in Germany (n = 76) during a three-dose vaccination course over 8.5 months. Subjects received either heterologous or homologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or three doses of BNT162b2. Antibodies were quantified using three anti-S1 binding assays (ELISA, ECLIA, and PETIA) harmonized to the WHO IS. Serum levels of neutralizing antibodies were determined using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Binding assays were compared using Spearman's rank correlation and Passing-Bablok regression. Findings All assays showed good correlation and similar antibody kinetics correlating with neutralizing potential. However, the assays show large proportional differences in BAU/ml. ECLIA and PETIA, which detect total antibodies against the receptor- binding domain (RBD) within the S1 subunit, interact similarly with the convalescent plasma-derived WHO IS but differently with vaccine serum, indicating a high sensitivity to the IgG/IgM/IgA ratio. Conclusion All three binding assays allow monitoring of the antibody response in COVID-19-vaccinated individuals. However, the assay-specific differences hinder the definition of a common protective threshold in BAU/ml. Our results highlight the need for the thoughtful use of conversion factors and consideration of method-specific differences. To improve the management of future pandemics and harmonize total antibody assays, we should strive for reference material with a well-characterized Ig isotype composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schest
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus Langer
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuriko Stiegler
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianca Karnuth
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Arends
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Hugo Stiegler
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Labormedizin und Mikrobiologie Ruhr GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Masetto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Holzheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Grimmler
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Holzheim, Germany
- Institute for Biomolecular Research, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH, University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
- DiaServe Laboratories GmbH, Iffeldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Vecchio J, Regan J, Jiang Y, Li R, Romain H, Yousuf F, Adel T, Hall K, DaCosta JM, Yu X, Li JZ, Fofana IB. Viral and immunologic evaluation of smokers with severe COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17898. [PMID: 37857680 PMCID: PMC10587108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking negatively affects B cell function and immunoglobulin levels, but it is unclear if this immune dysfunction contributes to the risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. We evaluated binding IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to spike and receptor binding domain antigens, and used a pseudovirus assay to quantify neutralization titers in a set of 27 patients with severe COVID-19. We found no significant differences between binding and neutralization antibody responses for people with a smoking history and people who never smoked. High plasma viral load, but not antibody titers, was linked to an increased risk of death. Humoral immune dysfunction was not a major driver of severe COVID-19 in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vecchio
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Roy Li
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Romain
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Fizah Yousuf
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Adel
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Hall
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M DaCosta
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Xu Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ismael Ben Fofana
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Servian CDP, Spadafora-Ferreira M, dos Anjos DCC, Guilarde AO, Gomes-Junior AR, Borges MASB, Masson LC, Silva JMM, de Lima MHA, Moraes BGN, Souza SM, Xavier LE, de Oliveira DCA, Batalha-Carvalho JV, Moro AM, Bocca AL, Pfrimer IAH, Costa NL, Feres VCDR, Fiaccadori FS, Souza M, Gardinassi LG, Durigon EL, Romão PRT, Jorge SAC, Coelho V, Botosso VF, Fonseca SG. Distinct anti-NP, anti-RBD and anti-Spike antibody profiles discriminate death from survival in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206979. [PMID: 37876932 PMCID: PMC10591157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces rapid production of IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies directed to multiple viral antigens that may have impact diverse clinical outcomes. Methods We evaluated IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies directed to the nucleocapsid (NP), IgA and IgG to the Spike protein and to the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the presence of neutralizing antibodies (nAb), in a cohort of unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, in the first 30 days of post-symptom onset (PSO) (T1). Results This study included 193 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) participants classified as mild, moderate, severe, critical, and fatal and 27 uninfected controls. In T1, we identified differential antibody profiles associated with distinct clinical presentation. The mild group presented lower levels of anti-NP IgG, and IgA (vs moderate and severe), anti-NP IgM (vs severe, critical and fatal), anti-Spike IgA (vs severe and fatal), and anti-RBD IgG (vs severe). The moderate group presented higher levels of anti-RBD IgA, comparing with severe group. The severe group presented higher levels of anti-NP IgA (vs mild and fatal) and anti-RBD IgG (vs mild and moderate). The fatal group presented higher levels of anti-NP IgM and anti-Spike IgA (vs mild), but lower levels of anti-NP IgA (vs severe). The levels of nAb was lower just in mild group compared to severe, critical, and fatal groups, moreover, no difference was observed among the more severe groups. In addition, we studied 82 convalescent individuals, between 31 days to 6 months (T2) or more than 6 months (T3), PSO, those: 12 mild, 26 moderate, and 46 severe plus critical. The longitudinal analyzes, for the severe plus critical group showed lower levels of anti-NP IgG, IgA and IgM, anti-Spike IgA in relation T3. The follow-up in the fatal group, reveals that the levels of anti-spike IgG increased, while anti-NP IgM levels was decreased along the time in severe/critical and fatal as well as anti-NP IgG and IgA in several/critical groups. Discussion In summary, the anti-NP IgA and IgG lower levels and the higher levels of anti-RBD and anti-Spike IgA in fatal compared to survival group of individuals admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Collectively, our data discriminate death from survival, suggesting that anti-RBD IgA and anti-Spike IgA may play some deleterious effect, in contrast with the potentially protective effect of anti-NP IgA and IgG in the survival group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina do Prado Servian
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Déborah Carolina Carvalho dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Adriana Oliveira Guilarde
- Departamento de Patologia Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes-Junior
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Moara Alves Santa Bárbara Borges
- Departamento de Patologia Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Letícia Carrijo Masson
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Maia Silva
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sueli Meira Souza
- Laboratório Prof Margarida Dobler Komma, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eterno Xavier
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Lago Costa
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Coelho
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunidade Celular, Hospital das Clínicas Hospital da Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Murali TM, Shunmuganathan B, Trueman ELL, Gupta R, Tan RSW, Sran HK, D’Costa MR, Wong ETY, Gu Y, Cui J, Wee Kun K, Lim AQH, Qian X, Purushotorman K, Chen J, MacAry PA, Vathsala A. Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Transplant Recipients. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:708-717. [PMID: 37889158 PMCID: PMC10615654 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination has significantly impacted the global pandemic by reducing the severity of infection, lowering rates of hospitalization, and reducing morbidity/mortality in healthy individuals. However, the degree of vaccine-induced protection afforded to renal transplant recipients who receive forms of maintenance immunosuppression remains poorly defined. This is particularly important when we factor in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that have defined mutations that reduce the effectiveness of Ab responses targeting the Spike Ags from the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 variants employed in the most widely used vaccine formats. In this study, we describe a qualitative, longitudinal analysis of neutralizing Ab responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in 129 renal transplant recipients who have received three doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Our results reveal a qualitative and quantitative reduction in the vaccine-induced serological response in transplant recipients versus healthy controls where only 51.9% (67 of 129) made a measurable vaccine-induced IgG response and 41.1% (53 of 129) exhibited a significant neutralizing Ab titer (based on a pseudovirus neutralization test value >50%). Analysis on the VOCs revealed strongest binding toward the wild-type Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta variants but none with both of the Omicron variants tested (BA1 and BA2). Moreover, older transplant recipients and those who are on mycophenolic acid as part of their maintenance therapy exhibited a profound reduction in all of the analyzed vaccine-induced immune correlates. These data have important implications for how we monitor and manage transplant patients in the future as COVID-19 becomes endemic in our populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanusya Murali Murali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emma Li-Lin Trueman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca See Weng Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hersharan Kaur Sran
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Matthew Ross D’Costa
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Emmett Tsz-Yeung Wong
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koh Wee Kun
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Amy Qiao Hui Lim
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Paul Anthony MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anantharaman Vathsala
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Tan EX, Lim WH, Thong E, Chavatte JM, Zhang J, Lim J, Jin JY, Lim DR, Kang JY, Tang ASP, Chan KE, Tan C, Tan SN, Nah B, Huang DQ, Wang LF, Tambyah PA, Somani J, Young B, Muthiah MD. Clinical Course, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1537. [PMID: 37745946 PMCID: PMC10513132 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunocompromised individuals have been excluded from landmark studies of messenger RNA vaccinations for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In such patients, the response to vaccination may be blunted and may wane more quickly compared with immunocompetent patients. We studied the factors associated with decreased antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and risk factors for subsequent breakthrough infections in liver transplant (LT) patients undergoing coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination with at least 2 doses of messenger RNA vaccine from April 28, 2021, to April 28, 2022. Methods All LT recipients received at least 2 doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine 21 d apart. We measured the antibody response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the Roche Elecsys immunoassay to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies was measured by the surrogate virus neutralization test (cPass) before first and second doses of vaccination and also between 2 and 3 mo after the second dose of vaccination. Results Ninety-three LT recipients who received 2 doses of BNT162b2 were included in the analysis. The mean time from LT was 110 ± 154 mo. After 2-dose vaccination, 38.7% of LT recipients (36/93) were vaccine nonresponders on the cPass assay compared with 20.4% (19/93) on the Roche S assay. On multivariable analysis, increased age and increased tacrolimus trough were found to be associated with poor neutralizing antibody response (P = 0.038 and 0.022, respectively). The use of antimetabolite therapy in conjunction with tacrolimus approached statistical significance (odds ratio 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.180-3.72; P = 0.062). Breakthrough infection occurred in 18 of 88 LT recipients (20.4%). Female gender was independently associated with breakthrough infections (P < 0.001). Conclusions Among LT recipients, older age and higher tacrolimus trough levels were associated with poorer immune response to 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Further studies are needed to assess variables associated with breakthrough infections and, hence, who should be prioritized for booster vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice X. Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Thong
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jinyan Zhang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Ansel Shao Pin Tang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caitlyn Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Ni Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Nah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Paul A. Tambyah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jyoti Somani
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mark D. Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Allué-Guardia A, Torrelles JB, Sigal A. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250198. [PMID: 37841265 PMCID: PMC10569613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and SARS-CoV-2 are both infections that can lead to severe disease in the lower lung. However, these two infections are caused by very different pathogens (Mycobacterium vs. virus), they have different mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response, and differ in how long the infection lasts. Despite the differences, SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb share a common feature, which is also frequently observed in other respiratory infections: the burden of disease in the elderly is greater. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the higher burden in older adults, including the effect of co-morbidities, deterioration of the lung environment, auto-immunity, and a reduced antibody response. While the answer is likely to be multifactorial, understanding the main drivers across different infections may allow us to design broader interventions that increase the health-span of older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Peng Y, Zhang L, Mok CKP, Ching JYL, Zhao S, Wong MKL, Zhu J, Chen C, Wang S, Yan S, Qin B, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cheung CP, Cheong PK, Ip KL, Fung ACH, Wong KKY, Hui DSC, Chan FKL, Ng SC, Tun HM. Baseline gut microbiota and metabolome predict durable immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:373. [PMID: 37743379 PMCID: PMC10518331 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of COVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be characterised. In this cohort study, we collected blood and stool samples of 121 BNT162b2 and 40 CoronaVac vaccinees at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months post vaccination (p.v.). Neutralisation antibody, plasma cytokine and chemokines were measured and associated with the gut microbiota and metabolome composition. A significantly higher level of neutralising antibody (at 6 months p.v.) was found in BNT162b2 vaccinees who had higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Roseburia faecis as well as higher concentrations of nicotinic acid (Vitamin B) and γ-Aminobutyric acid (P < 0.05) at baseline. CoronaVac vaccinees with high neutralising antibodies at 6 months p.v. had an increased relative abundance of Phocaeicola dorei, a lower relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a higher concentration of L-tryptophan (P < 0.05) at baseline. A higher antibody level at 6 months p.v. was also associated with a higher relative abundance of Dorea formicigenerans at 1 month p.v. among CoronaVac vaccinees (Rho = 0.62, p = 0.001, FDR = 0.123). Of the species altered following vaccination, 79.4% and 42.0% in the CoronaVac and BNT162b2 groups, respectively, recovered at 6 months. Specific to CoronaVac vaccinees, both bacteriome and virome diversity depleted following vaccination and did not recover to baseline at 6 months p.v. (FDR < 0.1). In conclusion, this study identified potential microbiota-based adjuvants that may extend the durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K P Mok
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Y L Ching
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew K L Wong
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunke Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shilan Wang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
| | - Biyan Qin
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingzhi Liu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Pun Cheung
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Kuan Cheong
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Long Ip
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adrian C H Fung
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David S C Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China.
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Sayedahmed EE, Araújo MV, Silva-Pereira TT, Chothe SK, Elkashif A, Alhashimi M, Wang WC, Santos AP, Nair MS, Gontu A, Nissly R, Francisco de Souza Filho A, Tavares MS, Ayupe MC, Salgado CL, Donizetti de Oliveira Candido É, Leal Oliveira DB, Durigon EL, Heinemann MB, Morais da Fonseca D, Jagannath C, Sá Guimarães AM, Kuchipudi SV, Mittal SK. Impact of an autophagy-inducing peptide on immunogenicity and protection efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:194-207. [PMID: 37502665 PMCID: PMC10299838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Because of continual generation of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is critical to design the next generation of vaccines to combat the threat posed by SARS-CoV-2 variants. We developed human adenovirus (HAd) vector-based vaccines (HAd-Spike/C5 and HAd-Spike) that express the whole Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 with or without autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5), respectively. Mice or golden Syrian hamsters immunized intranasally (i.n.) with HAd-Spike/C5 induced similar levels of S-specific humoral immune responses and significantly higher levels of S-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses compared with HAd-Spike vaccinated groups. These results indicated that inclusion of AIP-C5 induced enhanced S-specific CMI responses and similar levels of virus-neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants. To investigate the protection efficacy, golden Syrian hamsters immunized i.n. either with HAd-Spike/C5 or HAd-Spike were challenged with SARS-CoV-2. The lungs and nasal turbinates were collected 3, 5, 7, and 14 days post challenge. Significant reductions in morbidity, virus titers, and lung histopathological scores were observed in immunized groups compared with the mock- or empty vector-inoculated groups. Overall, slightly better protection was seen in the HAd-Spike/C5 group compared with the HAd-Spike group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marcelo Valdemir Araújo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiana Tainá Silva-Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wen-Chien Wang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Andrea P. Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Mariana Silva Tavares
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Marcia Sá Guimarães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Nagaoka K, Kawasuji H, Takegoshi Y, Murai Y, Kaneda M, Kimoto K, Morimoto S, Tani H, Niimi H, Morinaga Y, Yamamoto Y. Predictive values of immune indicators on respiratory failure in the early phase of COVID-19 due to Delta and precedent variants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197436. [PMID: 37731495 PMCID: PMC10507327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune response indicators in the early phase of COVID-19, including interferon and neutralizing responses against SARS-CoV-2, which predict hypoxemia remains unclear. Methods This prospective observational study recruited patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (before emergence of omicron variant). As the immune indicators, we assessed the serum levels of IFN-I/III, IL-6, CXCL10 and VEGF, using an ELISA at within 5 days after the onset of symptoms, and serum neutralizing responses using a pseudovirus assay. We also assessed SARS-CoV-2 viral load by qPCR using nasal-swab specimens and serum, to assess the association of indicators and viral distribution. Results The study enrolled 117 patients with COVID-19, of which 28 patients developed hypoxemia. None received vaccine before admission. Serum IFN-I levels (IFN-α and IFN-β), IL-6, CXCL10, LDH and CRP were significantly higher in patients who developed hypoxemia. A significant association with nasopharyngeal viral load was observed only for IFN-I. The serum levels of IFN-α, IL-6, CXCL10 were significantly associated with the presence of RNAemia. Multivariable analysis showed higher odds ratio of IFN-α, with cut-off value of 107 pg/ml, in regard to hypoxemia (Odds ratio [OR]=17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7-85; p<0.001), compared to those of IL-6, >17.9 pg/ml (OR=10.5; 95% CI, 2.9-46; p<0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that serum IFN-α levels in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection strongly predict hypoxemic respiratory failure in a manner different from that of the other indicators including IL-6 or humoral immune response, and instead sensitively reflect innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2 invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Nagaoka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - H. Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Y. Takegoshi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Y. Murai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - M. Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - K. Kimoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - S. Morimoto
- Innovation Platform & Office for Precision Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H. Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - H. Niimi
- Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Y. Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Y. Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
McNamara RP, Maron JS, Boucau J, Roy V, Webb NE, Bertera HL, Barczak AK, Positives Study Staff T, Franko N, Logue JK, Kemp M, Li JZ, Zhou L, Hsieh CL, McLellan JS, Siedner MJ, Seaman MS, Lemieux JE, Chu HY, Alter G. Anamnestic humoral correlates of immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. mBio 2023; 14:e0090223. [PMID: 37535402 PMCID: PMC10470538 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00902-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While immune correlates against SARS-CoV-2 are typically defined at peak immunogenicity following vaccination, immunologic responses that expand selectively during the anamnestic response following infection can provide mechanistic and detailed insights into the immune mechanisms of protection. Moreover, whether anamnestic correlates are conserved across variants of concern (VOC), including the Delta and more distant Omicron VOC, remains unclear. To define the anamnestic correlates of immunity, across VOCs, we deeply profiled the humoral immune response in individuals infected with sequence-confirmed Delta or Omicron VOC after completing the vaccination series. While limited acute N-terminal domain and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immune expansion was observed following breakthrough infection, a significant immunodominant expansion of opsonophagocytic Spike-specific antibody responses focused largely on the conserved S2-domain of SARS-CoV-2 was observed. This S2-specific functional humoral response continued to evolve over 2-3 weeks following Delta or Omicron breakthrough, targeting multiple VOCs and common coronaviruses. Strong responses were observed on the fusion peptide (FP) region and the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region adjacent to the RBD. Notably, the FP is highly conserved across SARS-related coronaviruses and even non-SARS-related betacoronavirus. Taken together, our results point to a critical role of highly conserved, functional S2-specific responses in the anamnestic antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection across VOCs. These humoral responses linked to virus clearance can guide next-generation vaccine-boosting approaches to confer broad protection against future SARS-related coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary target of antibody-based recognition. Selective pressures, be it the adaption to human-to-human transmission or evasion of previously acquired immunity, have spurred the emergence of variants of the virus such as the Delta and Omicron lineages. Therefore, understanding how antibody responses are expanded in breakthrough cases of previously vaccinated individuals can provide insights into key correlates of protection against current and future variants. Here, we show that vaccinated individuals who had documented COVID-19 breakthrough showed anamnestic antibody expansions targeting the conserved S2 subdomain of Spike, particularly within the fusion peptide region. These S2-directed antibodies were highly leveraged for non-neutralizing, phagocytic functions and were similarly expanded independent of the variant. We propose that through deep profiling of anamnestic antibody responses in breakthrough cases, we can identify antigen targets susceptible to novel monoclonal antibody therapy or vaccination-boosting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny S. Maron
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Webb
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry L. Bertera
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - The Positives Study Staff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Kemp
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Soto J, Linsley C, Song Y, Chen B, Fang J, Neyyan J, Davila R, Lee B, Wu B, Li S. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2455. [PMID: 37686965 PMCID: PMC10490511 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chase Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Josephine Neyyan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Monzen K, Watanabe T, Okabe T, Sekino H, Nakagami H, Morishita R. Acquisition of Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Japanese People with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:1842. [PMID: 37766249 PMCID: PMC10536507 DOI: 10.3390/v15091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated humoral immune responses in 222 unvaccinated Japanese people after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in 2021. Anti-spike-protein IgG antibody levels and neutralizing antibody titers were measured in serum samples obtained within 20-180 days after diagnosis. The geometric mean of antibody titers was 1555 ELU/mL (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1257-1923), and the neutralizing activity (50% inhibitory dilution) was 253 (95% CI = 204-313). The antibody titer and neutralizing activity both increased with increasing disease severity, and both values were approximately fourfold higher for hospitalized patients than for non-hospitalized patients. However, these differences were smaller in older patients. The humoral immune response, which increased with increasing disease severity, gradually decreased over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most patients with mild or moderate symptoms sustained neutralizing activity for up to 180 days after the infection; the decay of the neutralizing activity in the asymptomatic patients was rather faster than in the other groups. Around 11.7% (26/222) of patients had very low neutralizing activity, and half of these were aged in their 20s. Our study's results show the importance of measuring the neutralizing activity to confirm the immune status and to estimate the timing of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Monzen
- Shinjuku Tsurukame Clinic, 2-11-15 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Takanori Watanabe
- Uehonmachi Watanabe Clinic, 1-15 Uenomiya-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0037, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okabe
- Ueda Hospital, 1-7-1 Inazu-cho, Toyonaka 561-0854, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisakuni Sekino
- Sekino Hospital, 3-28-3 Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhou Y, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Lin DJ, Lu C, Wang Y, Le S, Li R, Yan J. A Mechanical Assay for the Quantification of Anti-RBD IgG Levels in Finger-Prick Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2986-2995. [PMID: 37582229 PMCID: PMC10464602 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of the global population has been vaccinated with various vaccines or infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The resulting IgG antibodies that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 play a vital role in reducing infection rates and severe disease outcomes. Different immune histories result in the production of anti-RBD IgG antibodies with different binding affinities to RBDs of different variants, and the levels of these antibodies decrease over time. Therefore, it is important to have a low-cost, rapid method for quantifying the levels of anti-RBD IgG in decentralized testing for large populations. In this study, we describe a 30 min assay that allows for the quantification of anti-RBD IgG levels in a single drop of finger-prick whole blood. This assay uses force-dependent dissociation of nonspecifically absorbed RBD-coated superparamagnetic microbeads to determine the density of specifically linked microbeads to a protein A-coated transparent surface through anti-RBD IgGs, which can be measured using a simple light microscope and a low-magnification lens. The titer of serially diluted anti-RBD IgGs can be determined without any additional sample processing steps. The limit of detection for this assay is 0.7 ± 0.1 ng/mL referenced to the CR3022 anti-RBD IgG. The limits of the technology and its potential to be further developed to meet the need for point-of-care monitoring of immune protection status are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Yanqige Jiang
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Chen Lu
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hauser BM, Sangesland M, Lam EC, Denis KJS, Sheehan ML, Vu ML, Cheng AH, Balazs AB, Lingwood D, Schmidt AG. Heterologous sarbecovirus receptor binding domains as scaffolds for SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding motif presentation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554179. [PMID: 37662405 PMCID: PMC10473630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Structure-guided rational immunogen design can generate optimized immunogens that elicit a desired humoral response. Design strategies often center upon targeting conserved sites on viral glycoproteins that will ultimately confer potent neutralization. For SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2), the surface-exposed spike glycoprotein includes a broadly conserved portion, the receptor binding motif (RBM), that is required to engage the host cellular receptor, ACE2. Expanding humoral responses to this site may result in a more potently neutralizing antibody response against diverse sarbecoviruses. Here, we used a "resurfacing" approach and iterative design cycles to graft the SARS-2 RBM onto heterologous sarbecovirus scaffolds. The scaffolds were selected to vary the antigenic distance relative to SARS-2 to potentially focus responses to RBM. Multimerized versions of these immunogens elicited broad neutralization against sarbecoviruses in the context of preexisting SARS-2 immunity. These validated engineering approaches can help inform future immunogen design efforts for sarbecoviruses and are generally applicable to other viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake M. Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maya Sangesland
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Evan C. Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Mya L. Vu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Agnes H. Cheng
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ravindran R, O’Connor E, Gupta A, Luciw PA, Khan AI, Dorreh N, Chiang K, Ikram A, Reddy S. Lipid Mediators and Cytokines/Chemokines Display Differential Profiles in Severe versus Mild/Moderate COVID-19 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13054. [PMID: 37685858 PMCID: PMC10488250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Host immune responses play a key role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The underlying phenomena are orchestrated by signaling molecules such as cytokines/chemokines and lipid mediators. These immune molecules, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, interact with immune cells and regulate host responses, contributing to inflammation that drives the disease. We investigated 48 plasma cytokines/chemokines, 21 lipid mediators, and anti-S protein (RBD) antibodies in COVID-19 patients (n = 56) and non-COVID-19 respiratory disease controls (n = 49), to identify immune-biomarker profiles. Cytokines/chemokines (IL-6, CXCL-10 (IP-10), HGF, MIG, MCP-1, and G-CSF) and lipid mediators (TxB2, 11-HETE, 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 14S-HDHA, 17S-HDHA, and 5-oxo ETE) were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. In patients exhibiting severe disease, pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL-6, CXCL-10, and HGF) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were significantly elevated. In contrast, lipid mediators involved in the reduction/resolution of inflammation, in particular, 5-HETE, 11-HETE, and 5-oxoETE, were significantly elevated in mild/moderate disease. Taken together, these immune-biomarker profiles provide insight into immune responses related to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Importantly, our findings suggest that elevation in plasma concentrations of IL-6, CXCL-10, HGF, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can predict severe disease, whereas elevation in lipid mediators peaks early (compared to cytokines) and includes induction of mechanisms leading to reduction of inflammation, associated complications, and maintenance of homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Ellen O’Connor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.O.); (N.D.); (K.C.)
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Paul A. Luciw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Aleena I. Khan
- Department of Population and Public Health, Keek School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Nasrin Dorreh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.O.); (N.D.); (K.C.)
| | - Kate Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.O.); (N.D.); (K.C.)
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| | - Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (E.O.); (N.D.); (K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Li D, Xu M, Hooper AT, Rofail D, Mohammadi KA, Chen Y, Ali S, Norton T, Weinreich DM, Musser BJ, Hamilton JD, Geba GP. Casirivimab + imdevimab accelerates symptom resolution linked to improved COVID-19 outcomes across susceptible antibody and risk profiles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12784. [PMID: 37550377 PMCID: PMC10406852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe, protracted symptoms are associated with poor outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In a placebo-controlled study of casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS + IMD) in persons at high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; n = 3816), evolution of individual symptoms was assessed for resolution patterns across risk factors, and baseline SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses against S1 and N domains. CAS + IMD versus placebo provided statistically significant resolution for 17/23 symptoms, with greater response linked to absence of endogenous anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, or specific neutralizing antibodies at baseline, or high baseline viral load. Resolution of five key symptoms (onset days 3-5)-dyspnea, cough, feeling feverish, fatigue, and loss of appetite-independently correlated with reduced hospitalization and death (hazard ratio range: 0.31-0.56; P < 0.001-0.043), and was more rapid in CAS + IMD-treated patients lacking robust early antibody responses. Those who seroconverted late still benefited from treatment. Thus, highly neutralizing COVID-19-specific antibodies provided by CAS + IMD treatment accelerated key symptom resolution associated with hospitalization and death in those at high risk for severe disease as well as in those lacking early, endogenous neutralizing antibody responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dateng Li
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Andrea T Hooper
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Diana Rofail
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Kusha A Mohammadi
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Yiziying Chen
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Shazia Ali
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Thomas Norton
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - David M Weinreich
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Bret J Musser
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jennifer D Hamilton
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Gregory P Geba
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Barrios MH, Nicholson S, Bull RA, Martinello M, Rawlinson W, Mina M, Post JJ, Hudson B, Gilroy N, Lloyd AR, Konecny P, Mordant F, Catton M, Subbarao K, Caly L, Druce J, Netter HJ. Comparative Longitudinal Serological Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in People with COVID-19. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1985. [PMID: 37630545 PMCID: PMC10458948 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnostic assays are essential tools for determining an individual's protection against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, tracking the spread of the virus in the community, and evaluating population immunity. To assess the diversity and quality of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, we have compared the antibody profiles of people with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 using a dot blot assay. The test targeted the four major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely the nucleocapsid (N), spike (S) protein domains S1 and S2, and receptor-binding domain (RBD). Serum samples were collected from 63 participants at various time points for up to 300 days after disease onset. The dot blot assay revealed patient-specific differences in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles. Out of the 63 participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and clinical COVID-19, 35/63 participants exhibited diverse and robust responses against the tested antigens, while 14/63 participants displayed either limited responses to a subset of antigens or no detectable antibody response to any of the antigens. Anti-N-specific antibody levels decreased within 300 days after disease onset, whereas anti-S-specific antibodies persisted. The dynamics of the antibody response did not change during the test period, indicating stable antibody profiles. Among the participants, 28/63 patients with restricted anti-S antibody profiles or undetectable anti-S antibody levels in the dot blot assay also exhibited weak neutralization activity, as measured by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and a microneutralization test. These results indicate that in some cases, natural infections do not lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the study revealed significant serological variability among patients, regardless of the severity of their COVID-19 illness. These differences need to be carefully considered when evaluating the protective antibody status of individuals who have experienced primary SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilou H. Barrios
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (A.R.L.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marianne Martinello
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (A.R.L.)
| | - William Rawlinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Serology and Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
| | - Michael Mina
- Northern Beaches Hospital, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia;
| | - Jeffrey J. Post
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Bernard Hudson
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | | | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Pamela Konecny
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Hans J. Netter
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Fang C, Yan W, Chen Y, Dou Z, Liu T, Luo F, Chen W, Li X, Chen Y, Wu W, Yuan Z, Niu Y, Wang P, Zhu W, Luo X, Chen T, Bai X, Wang X, Ning Q. Long-term SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody level prediction using multimodal deep learning: A prospective cohort study on longitudinal data in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29036. [PMID: 37621210 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 is taking a substantial financial and health toll on people worldwide. Assessing the level and duration of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (Nab) would provide key information for government to make sound healthcare policies. Assessed at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month postdischarge, we described the temporal change of IgG levels in 450 individuals with moderate to critical COVID-19 infection. Moreover, a data imputation framework combined with a novel deep learning model was implemented to predict the long-term Nab and IgG levels in these patients. Demographic characteristics, inspection reports, and CT scans during hospitalization were used in this model. Interpretability of the model was further validated with Shapely Additive exPlanation (SHAP) and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM). IgG levels peaked at 3 months and remained stable in 12 months postdischarge, followed by a significant decline in 18 months postdischarge. However, the Nab levels declined from 6 months postdischarge. By training on the cohort of 450 patients, our long-term antibody prediction (LTAP) model could predict long-term IgG levels with relatively high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, which far exceeds the performance achievable by commonly used models. Several prognostic factors including FDP levels, the percentages of T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, older age, sex, underlying diseases, and so forth, served as important indicators for IgG prediction. Based on these top 15 prognostic factors identified in IgG prediction, a simplified LTAP model for Nab level prediction was established and achieved an AUC of 0.828, which was 8.9% higher than MLP and 6.6% higher than LSTM. The close correlation between IgG and Nab levels making it possible to predict long-term Nab levels based on the factors selected by our LTAP model. Furthermore, our model identified that coagulation disorders and excessive immune response, which indicate disease severity, are closely related to the production of IgG and Nab. This universal model can be used as routine discharge tests to identify virus-infected individuals at risk for recurrent infection and determine the optimal timing of vaccination for general populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fang
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Dou
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengning Luo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xitang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhize Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Bai
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Kanter MJ, Mahrokhian SH, Nordan T, Chen FY, Couper GS, Kawabori M. Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality in Heart Transplant Recipients: A United Network for Organ Sharing Database Analysis. ASAIO J 2023; 69:e388-e390. [PMID: 36804293 PMCID: PMC10627384 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Kanter
- From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shant H. Mahrokhian
- From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor Nordan
- From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frederick Y. Chen
- From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory S. Couper
- From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masashi Kawabori
- From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ghoti H, Zreid H, Ghoti I, Bourgonje AR, Diepstra A, van Goor H, Avivi I, Jeadi H, van Eijk LE, Weiss G. Clinical outcome and humoral immune responses of β-thalassemia major patients with severe iron overload to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: a prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 62:102096. [PMID: 37560260 PMCID: PMC10406963 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has raised special concern for patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) due to frequent comorbidities, regular blood transfusions, and iron overload. However, the exact implications of COVID-19 for patients with β-TM remain uncertain. We aimed to explore the COVID-19 incidence and severity, and the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with β-TM. METHODS Patients with β-TM (n = 105) and age-matched healthy controls, all individuals of all control groups were health care workers of the hospital, were prospectively enrolled at the haematology department of Al-Shifa hospital in the Gaza Strip from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021. Data on COVID-19 incidence and severity were analysed, with Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants dominating at that time. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured and compared between study groups. FINDINGS Patients with β-TM showed a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population (61.9% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.0001). Most patients with β-TM had asymptomatic (70.8%) or mild disease (26.1%), with no fatalities recorded. COVID-19 illness was more severe among female than male patients with β-TM. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were significantly higher in symptomatic patients with β-TM than controls post-infection (geometric mean ÷ geometric standard deviation 1299.0 ÷ 3.3 vs. 555.7 ÷ 2.4 AU/mL, p = 0.009) and post-vaccination (8404.0 ÷ 3.9 vs. 2785.6 ÷ 5.0 AU/mL, p = 0.015). Similar responses were observed when comparing splenectomised to non-splenectomised (both asymptomatic and symptomatic) patients with β-TM post-infection (595.4 ÷ 3.9 vs. 280.7 ÷ 3.5 AU/mL, p = 0.005) and post-vaccination (13,778.2 ÷ 3.2 vs. 4961.8 ÷ 4.1 AU/mL, p = 0.045). INTERPRETATION This distinctive β-TM cohort exhibited a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection but mild disease course. Our findings support favourable serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to vaccination in patients with β-TM, indicating a potential interplay between iron availability and COVID-19-related immunity. FUNDING This study was funded by Mr. Hosam and Wasim s. El Helou.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Ghoti
- Department of Hematology, Al-Shifa Hospital, 51245, Gaza, Palestine
- Hematology Clinic, National Health Services, 6818164, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hala Zreid
- Department of Hematology, Al-Shifa Hospital, 51245, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Israa Ghoti
- Human Medicine, European University of Cyprus, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irit Avivi
- Hematology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hisham Jeadi
- Department of Hematology, Al-Shifa Hospital, 51245, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Larissa E. van Eijk
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Choe YJ, Choi EH, Choi JW, Eun BW, Eun LY, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Kim YA, Kim YK, Kwak JH, Lee H, Park JD, Jung YH, Gwack J, Lee S. Change in Severity and Clinical Manifestation of MIS-C Over SARS-CoV-2 Variant Outbreaks in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e225. [PMID: 37527908 PMCID: PMC10396435 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is difference in the incidence of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in patients with different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, however, little is known about the epidemiology in Asian countries. We investigated and compared the epidemiology of the MIS-C during omicron-dominant period with that of previous periods in South Korea. METHODS We obtained clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data on MIS-C cases from national MIS-C surveillance in South Korea. We defined pre-delta period as January 2020-May 2021; delta period as June 2021-December 2021; and omicron period as January 2022-April 2022. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MIS-C patients by period. RESULTS A total of 91 cases were assessed to be MIS-C cases. Number of MIS-C cases have increased from six cases during pre-delta period to 66 cases during omicron period, while the incidence rate (the number of MIS-C cases per 100,000 cases of reported coronavirus disease 2019) has decreased from 38.5 cases per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.1-83.9) during pre-delta period to 1.6 cases per 100,000 (95% CI, 1.2-2.0) during omicron periods. During pre-delta period, 66.7% and 100% had hypotension and gastrointestinal involvement, respectively; while during omicron period, 12.1% and 6.1% had such clinical manifestations. Fifty percent of pre-delta MIS-C patients were taken intensive care unit (ICU) cares, while 10.6% of patients during omicron periods were in ICUs. CONCLUSION Omicron period were associated with less severe clinical manifestation compared to pre-delta and delta periods. Although incidence rate of MIS-C was lower for the omicron period than pre-delta and delta periods, number of patients reported with MIS-C may pose a substantial clinical burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong Woon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byung Wook Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lucy Youngmin Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Hyang Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Dong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Haw Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Gwack
- Director General for Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Director General for Public Health Emergency Preparedness, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Martel F, Cuervo-Rojas J, Ángel J, Ariza B, González JM, Ramírez-Santana C, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Murcia-Soriano L, Montoya N, Cardozo-Romero CC, Valderrama-Beltrán SL, Cepeda M, Castellanos JC, Gómez-Restrepo C, Perdomo-Celis F, Gazquez A, Dickson A, Brien JD, Mateus J, Grifoni A, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Franco MA. Cross-reactive humoral and CD4 + T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241038. [PMID: 37575243 PMCID: PMC10413264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS CoV-2 antibody and CD4+ T cell responses induced by natural infection and/or vaccination decline over time and cross-recognize other viral variants at different levels. However, there are few studies evaluating the levels and durability of the SARS CoV-2-specific antibody and CD4+ T cell response against the Mu, Gamma, and Delta variants. Here, we examined, in two ambispective cohorts of naturally-infected and/or vaccinated individuals, the titers of anti-RBD antibodies and the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells up to 6 months after the last antigen exposure. In naturally-infected individuals, the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response declined 6 months post-symptoms onset. However, the kinetic observed depended on the severity of the disease, since individuals who developed severe COVID-19 maintained the binding antibody titers. Also, there was detectable binding antibody cross-recognition for the Gamma, Mu, and Delta variants, but antibodies poorly neutralized Mu. COVID-19 vaccines induced an increase in antibody titers 15-30 days after receiving the second dose, but these levels decreased at 6 months. However, as expected, a third dose of the vaccine caused a rise in antibody titers. The dynamics of the antibody response upon vaccination depended on the previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Lower levels of vaccine-induced antibodies were associated with the development of breakthrough infections. Vaccination resulted in central memory spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses that cross-recognized peptides from the Gamma and Mu variants, and their duration also depended on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In addition, we found cross-reactive CD4+ T cell responses in unexposed and unvaccinated individuals. These results have important implications for vaccine design for new SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Martel
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Cuervo-Rojas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Ángel
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Ariza
- Clinical Laboratory Science Research Group, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mario González
- Group of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research
(CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research
(CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Norma Montoya
- Head Clinical Laboratory Unit, Clínica del Occidente, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Liliana Valderrama-Beltrán
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine. School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Infectious Diseases Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Magda Cepeda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andreu Gazquez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - José Mateus
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Manuel A. Franco
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Takemoto Y, Tanimine N, Yoshinaka H, Tanaka Y, Takafuta T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka J, Ohdan H. Multi-phasic gene profiling using candidate gene approach predict the capacity of specific antibody production and maintenance following COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217206. [PMID: 37564647 PMCID: PMC10411726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is highly effective in preventing infection and reducing the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, acquired humoral immunity wanes within six months. Focusing on the different tempo of acquisition and attenuation of specific antibody titers in individuals, we investigated the impact of genetic polymorphisms on antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods In total 236 healthcare workers from a Japanese municipal hospital, who received two doses of the vaccine were recruited. We employed a candidate gene approach to identify the target genetic polymorphisms affecting antibody production after vaccination. DNA samples from the study populations were genotyped for 33 polymorphisms in 15 distinct candidate genes encoding proteins involved in antigen-presenting cell activation, T cell activation, T-B interaction, and B cell survival. We measured total anti-SARS-Cov2 spike IgG antibody titers and analyzed the association with genetic polymorphisms at several time points after vaccination using an unbiased statistical method, and stepwise logistic regression following multivariate regression. Results Significant associations were observed between seven SNPs in NLRP3, OAS1, IL12B, CTLA4, and IL4, and antibody titers at 3 weeks after the first vaccination as an initial response. Six SNPs in NLRP3, TNF, OAS1, IL12B, and CTLA4 were associated with high responders with serum antibody titer > 4000 BAU/ml as boosting effect at 3 weeks after the second vaccination. Analysis of long-term maintenance showed the significance of the three SNPs in IL12B, IL7R, and MIF for the maintenance of antibody titers and that in BAFF for attenuation of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we proposed a predictive model composed of gene profiles to identify the individuals with rapid antibody attenuation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.76, sensitivity = 82.5%, specificity=67.8%). Conclusions The candidate gene approach successfully showed shifting responsible gene profiles and initial and boosting effect mainly related to the priming phase into antibody maintenance including B cell survival, which traces the phase of immune reactions. These gene profiles provide valuable information for further investigation of humoral immunity against COVID-19 and for building a strategy for personalized vaccine schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Yoshinaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takafuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Soriano-Arandes A, Brett A, Buonsenso D, Emilsson L, de la Fuente Garcia I, Gkentzi D, Helve O, Kepp KP, Mossberg M, Muka T, Munro A, Papan C, Perramon-Malavez A, Schaltz-Buchholzer F, Smeesters PR, Zimmermann P. Policies on children and schools during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Western Europe. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1175444. [PMID: 37564427 PMCID: PMC10411527 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1175444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mitigation policies for children have been a topic of considerable uncertainty and debate. Although some children have co-morbidities which increase their risk for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome and long COVID, most children only get mild COVID-19. On the other hand, consistent evidence shows that mass mitigation measures had enormous adverse impacts on children. A central question can thus be posed: What amount of mitigation should children bear, in response to a disease that is disproportionally affecting older people? In this review, we analyze the distinct child versus adult epidemiology, policies, mitigation trade-offs and outcomes in children in Western Europe. The highly heterogenous European policies applied to children compared to adults did not lead to significant measurable differences in outcomes. Remarkably, the relative epidemiological importance of transmission from school-age children to other age groups remains uncertain, with current evidence suggesting that schools often follow, rather than lead, community transmission. Important learning points for future pandemics are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Soriano-Arandes
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Brett
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Emergency Service, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Louise Emilsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabel de la Fuente Garcia
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, National Pediatric Center, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Otto Helve
- Department of Health Security, Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kasper P. Kepp
- Section of Biophysical and Biomedicinal Chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Mossberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Epistudia, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alasdair Munro
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cihan Papan
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aida Perramon-Malavez
- Computational Biology and Complex Systems (BIOCOM-SC) Group, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC·BarcelonaTech), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pierre R. Smeesters
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Brussels, Academic Children’s Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Montes-Cobos E, Bastos VC, Monteiro C, de Freitas JC, Fernandes HD, Constancio CS, Rodrigues DA, Gama AM, Vidal VM, Alves LS, Zalcberg-Renault L, de Lira GS, Ota VA, Caloba C, Conde L, Leitão IC, Tanuri A, Ferreira OD, Pereira RM, Vale AM, Castiñeiras TM, Kaiserlian D, Echevarria-Lima J, Bozza MT. Oligosymptomatic long-term carriers of SARS-CoV-2 display impaired innate resistance but increased high-affinity anti-spike antibodies. iScience 2023; 26:107219. [PMID: 37529320 PMCID: PMC10300054 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast spectrum of clinical features of COVID-19 keeps challenging scientists and clinicians. Low resistance to infection might result in long-term viral persistence, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we studied the immune response of immunocompetent COVID-19 patients with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection by immunophenotyping, cytokine and serological analysis. Despite viral loads and symptoms comparable to regular mildly symptomatic patients, long-term carriers displayed weaker systemic IFN-I responses and fewer circulating pDCs and NK cells at disease onset. Type 1 cytokines remained low, while type-3 cytokines were in turn enhanced. Of interest, we observed no defects in antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses, and circulating antibodies displayed higher affinity against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in these patients. The identification of distinct immune responses in long-term carriers adds up to our understanding of essential host protective mechanisms to ensure tissue damage control despite prolonged viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montes-Cobos
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victoria C. Bastos
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarice Monteiro
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João C.R. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heiny D.P. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarice S. Constancio
- Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle A.S. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreza M.D.S. Gama
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. Vidal
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia S. Alves
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Zalcberg-Renault
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. de Lira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A. Ota
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Caloba
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela C. Leitão
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Orlando D.C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata M. Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André M. Vale
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Terezinha M. Castiñeiras
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dominique Kaiserlian
- INSERM U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Bang MS, Kim CM, Cho NH, Seo JW, Kim DY, Yun NR, Kim DM. Evaluation of humoral immune response in relation to COVID-19 severity over 1 year post-infection: critical cases higher humoral immune response than mild cases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203803. [PMID: 37545518 PMCID: PMC10401267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 until 1 year after symptom onset. Methods We collected 314 serum samples from 97 patients with COVID-19. Antibody responses were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to detect specific neutralizing antibodies. Results The positivity rates for neutralizing antibodies at a 1:10 titer cutoff were 58.1% at 1 week, 97.8% at 4 weeks, and 78% at 1 year after symptom onset (53.8% in asymptomatic patients and 89.3% in symptomatic patients). The IFA and anti-S1 ELISA IgG results significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers. Critical/fatal cases showed significantly higher antibody titers than the asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate illness groups. Nonetheless, the median number of days to the seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies was 10 and 15 in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively. The asymptomatic group had a significantly higher neutralizing potency index than the mild-to-severe illness groups. Conclusions Neutralizing antibodies corresponded to earlier seroconversion but had a shorter presence in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group and were still present 1 year after symptom onset in critical/fatal cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Seon Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Honda-Okubo Y, Li L, André G, Leong KH, Howerth EW, Bebin-Blackwell AG, Ross TM, Petrovsky N. An Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from a homologous SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge. Vaccine 2023; 41:4710-4718. [PMID: 37355452 PMCID: PMC10277844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional protein-based vaccine approaches to COVID-19 were overshadowed by the new mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccine approaches which were first to receive marketing authorization. The current study tested for the first time in repurposed aged (median 15.4 years) cynomolgus macaques, a novel Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant extracellular domain spike protein trimer antigen for immunogenicity, protection and safety. Nine animals received two intramuscular injections 10 days apart of recombinant spike protein (25 μg) with Advax-CpG55.2™ (10 mg/200 μg) and 5 controls received saline injections. Serum antibody levels were followed for 3 months and then the animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Clinical signs, local reactions, body weight, food consumption and antibody levels were monitored till termination on either day 3 or 7 post-infection. Two weeks after the second dose, 8/9 immunized macaques had high serum spike and receptor binding domain binding antibodies that were able to cross-neutralize Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and, to a lesser extent, Omicron variants (B.1.1.529 ). Antibody levels decayed over the subsequent 3 months, and minimal neutralizing antibody was detectable immediately prior to the challenge which used a vaccine-homologous Wuhan-like ancestral virus. Of the nine vaccinated animals, only one 18-year-old female sacrificed at d3 had low levels of lung virus, versus 100 % of the control animals. Four of 5 (80 %) control animals had positive lung staining for SARS-CoV-2 virus versus just 1 of 9 (11 %) in the immunized group. The immunized animals exhibited better maintenance of appetite post-challenge. Neutralizing antibody levels rebounded rapidly in immunized animals, post-challenge. This data supports the benefits of Advax-CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine in protecting against a homologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | - Greiciely André
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | - King Ho Leong
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | | | | | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Schmidt F, Abdesselem HB, Suhre K, Vaikath NN, Sohail MU, Al-Nesf M, Bensmail I, Mashod F, Sarwath H, Bernhardt J, Schaefer-Ramadan S, Tan TM, Morris PE, Schenck EJ, Price D, Mohamed-Ali V, Al-Maadheed M, Arredouani A, Decock J, Blackburn JM, Choi AMK, El-Agnaf OM. Auto-immunoproteomics analysis of COVID-19 ICU patients revealed increased levels of autoantibodies related to the male reproductive system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1203723. [PMID: 37520825 PMCID: PMC10374950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1203723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) manifests many clinical symptoms, including an exacerbated immune response and cytokine storm. Autoantibodies in COVID-19 may have severe prodromal effects that are poorly understood. The interaction between these autoantibodies and self-antigens can result in systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, the role of autoantibodies in COVID-19 complications has yet to be fully understood. Methods: The current investigation screened two independent cohorts of 97 COVID-19 patients [discovery (Disc) cohort from Qatar (case = 49 vs. control = 48) and replication (Rep) cohort from New York (case = 48 vs. control = 28)] utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) Immunome protein-array technology. Total IgG autoantibody responses were evaluated against 1,318 correctly folded and full-length human proteins. Samples were randomly applied on the precoated microarray slides for 2 h. Cy3-labeled secondary antibodies were used to detect IgG autoantibody response. Slides were scanned at a fixed gain setting using the Agilent fluorescence microarray scanner, generating a 16-bit TIFF file. Group comparisons were performed using a linear model and Fisher's exact test. Differentially expressed proteins were used for KEGG and WIKIpathway annotation to determine pathways in which the proteins of interest were significantly over-represented. Results and conclusion: Autoantibody responses to 57 proteins were significantly altered in the COVID-19 Disc cohort compared to healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05). The Rep cohort had altered autoantibody responses against 26 proteins compared to non-COVID-19 ICU patients who served as controls. Both cohorts showed substantial similarities (r 2 = 0.73) and exhibited higher autoantibody responses to numerous transcription factors, immunomodulatory proteins, and human disease markers. Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed elevated autoantibody responses against SPANXN4, STK25, ATF4, PRKD2, and CHMP3 proteins in COVID-19 patients. The sequences for SPANXN4 and STK25 were cross-validated using sequence alignment tools. ELISA and Western blot further verified the autoantigen-autoantibody response of SPANXN4. SPANXN4 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility, which may predict a potential role for this protein in COVID-19-associated male reproductive tract complications, and warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nishant N. Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Maryam Al-Nesf
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Fathima Mashod
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hina Sarwath
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ti-Myen Tan
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Priscilla E. Morris
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward J. Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vidya Mohamed-Ali
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Maadheed
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Omar M. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Devaux CA, Fantini J. ACE2 receptor polymorphism in humans and animals increases the risk of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants during repeated intra- and inter-species host-switching of the virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199561. [PMID: 37520374 PMCID: PMC10373931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has ability to spread through human-to-human transmission and to circulate from humans to animals and from animals to humans. A high frequency of SARS-CoV-2 mutations has been observed in the viruses isolated from both humans and animals, suggesting a genetic fitness under positive selection in both ecological niches. The most documented positive selection force driving SARS-CoV-2 mutations is the host-specific immune response. However, after electrostatic interactions with lipid rafts, the first contact between the virus and host proteins is the viral spike-cellular receptor binding. Therefore, it is likely that the first level of selection pressure impacting viral fitness relates to the virus's affinity for its receptor, the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Although sufficiently conserved in a huge number of species to support binding of the viral spike with enough affinity to initiate fusion, ACE2 is highly polymorphic both among species and within a species. Here, we provide evidence suggesting that when the viral spike-ACE2 receptor interaction is not optimal, due to host-switching, mutations can be selected to improve the affinity of the spike for the ACE2 expressed by the new host. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 is mutation-prone in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD), allowing a better fit for ACE2 orthologs in animals. It is possibly that this may also be true for rare human alleles of ACE2 when the virus is spreading to billions of people. In this study, we present evidence that human subjects expressing the rare E329G allele of ACE2 with higher allele frequencies in European populations exhibit a improved affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike N501Y variant of the virus. This may suggest that this viral N501Y variant emerged in the human population after SARS-CoV-2 had infected a human carrying the rare E329G allele of ACE2. In addition, this viral evolution could impact viral replication as well as the ability of the adaptive humoral response to control infection with RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies. In a shifting landscape, this ACE2-driven genetic drift of SARS-CoV-2 which we have named the 'boomerang effect', could complicate the challenge of preventing COVID with a SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Devaux
- Laboratory Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-SNC5039), Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S1072, Marseille, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Rocha VPC, Quadros HC, Fernandes AMS, Gonçalves LP, Badaró RJDS, Soares MBP, Machado BAS. An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement. Viruses 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37515190 PMCID: PMC10383723 DOI: 10.3390/v15071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the pandemic that started in 2020. The virus enters the host cell through the interaction of its spike glycoprotein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on the host cell's surface. Antibodies present an important role during the infection and pathogenesis due to many reasons, including the neutralization of viruses by binding to different spike epitopes. Therefore, measuring the neutralizing antibody titers in the whole population is important for COVID-19's epidemiology. Different methods are described in the literature, and some have been used to validate the main vaccines used worldwide. In this review, we discuss the main methods used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers, their advantages and limitations, as well as new approaches to determineACE2/spike blockage by antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helenita Costa Quadros
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Gonçalves
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto José da Silva Badaró
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Jia X, Dong F, Pyle L, Michels AW, Yu L, Rewers M. Similar Time Course of Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in People With and Without Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2023; 25:492-496. [PMID: 36989496 PMCID: PMC10398735 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines or breakthrough infection rates differ between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and control subjects. Research Design and Methods: A prospective 12-month follow-up of 27 adults with T1D and 89 control subjects who received at least two doses of either the mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine. Primary outcomes: total antibodies against the receptor-binding domain and neutralizing antibodies. A multivariate repeated measures model evaluated potential determinants of antibody response. Results: Neither antibody levels nor breakthrough infection rates after vaccination differed in T1D and non-T1D groups. Older age predicted lower antibody levels, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection or booster vaccine resulted in higher antibody levels in both groups. mRNA-1273 was associated with higher antibody levels than BNT162b2 until 6 months after the first dose. Conclusions: Persons with and without T1D have similar humoral antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines during 12-months of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fran Dong
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaron W. Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wamhoff EC, Ronsard L, Feldman J, Knappe GA, Hauser BM, Romanov A, Lam E, Denis KS, Boucau J, Barczak AK, Balazs AB, Schmidt A, Lingwood D, Bathe M. Enhancing antibody responses by multivalent antigen display on thymus-independent DNA origami scaffolds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.08.16.504128. [PMID: 36032975 PMCID: PMC9413718 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.16.504128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent antigen display is a well-established principle to enhance humoral immunity. Protein-based virus-like particles (VLPs) are commonly used to spatially organize antigens. However, protein-based VLPs are limited in their ability to control valency on fixed scaffold geometries and are thymus-dependent antigens that elicit neutralizing B cell memory themselves, which can distract immune responses. Here, we investigated DNA origami as an alternative material for multivalent antigen display in vivo, applied to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV2 that is the primary antigenic target of neutralizing antibody responses. Icosahedral DNA-VLPs elicited neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a valency-dependent manner following sequential immunization in mice, quantified by pseudo- and live-virus neutralization assays. Further, induction of B cell memory against the RBD required T cell help, but the immune sera did not contain boosted, class-switched antibodies against the DNA scaffold. This contrasted with protein-based VLP display of the RBD that elicited B cell memory against both the target antigen and the scaffold. Thus, DNA-based VLPs enhance target antigen immunogenicity without generating off-target, scaffold-directed immune memory, thereby offering a potentially important alternative material for particulate vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Grant A. Knappe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Blake M. Hauser
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Anna Romanov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Evan Lam
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kerri St. Denis
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Zhou Q, Zeng F, Meng Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Deng G. Serological response following COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9893. [PMID: 37336939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To quantify the pooled rate and risk ratio of seroconversion following the uncomplete, complete, or booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRIMSA guidelines. The pooled rate and risk ratio of seroconversion were assessed using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine method and Mantel-Haenszel approach, respectively. Random-effects model was preferentially used as the primary approach to pool results across studies. A total of 50 studies involving 7160 patients living with HIV were analyzed. We demonstrated that only 75.0% (56.4% to 89.9%) patients living with HIV achieved a seroconversion after uncomplete vaccination, which improved to 89.3% (84.2% to 93.5%) after complete vaccination, and 98.4% (94.8% to 100%) after booster vaccination. The seroconversion rates were significantly lower compared to controls at all the stages, while the risk ratios for uncomplete, complete, and booster vaccination were 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99), 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98), and 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99), respectively. We concluded that vaccine doses were associated with consistently improved rates and risk ratios of seroconversion in patients living with HIV, highlighting the significance of booster vaccination for patients living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Furong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yihuang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Follmann D, O'Brien MP, Fintzi J, Fay MP, Montefiori D, Mateja A, Herman GA, Hooper AT, Turner KC, Chan KC, Forleo-Neto E, Isa F, Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Janes H, Doria-Rose N, Miller J, Zhou H, Dang W, Benkeser D, Fong Y, Gilbert PB, Marovich M, Cohen MS. Examining protective effects of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after vaccination or monoclonal antibody administration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3605. [PMID: 37330602 PMCID: PMC10276829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While new vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are authorized based on neutralizing antibody (nAb) titer against emerging variants of concern, an analogous pathway does not exist for preventative monoclonal antibodies. In this work, nAb titers were assessed as correlates of protection against COVID-19 in the casirivimab + imdevimab monoclonal antibody (mAb) prevention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT4452318) and in the mRNA-1273 vaccine trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04470427). In the mAb trial, protective efficacy of 92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 84%, 98%) is associated with a nAb titer of 1000 IU50/ml, with lower efficacy at lower nAb titers. In the vaccine trial, protective efficacies of 93% [95% CI: 91%, 95%] and 97% (95% CI: 95%, 98%) are associated with nAb titers of 100 and 1000 IU50/ml, respectively. These data quantitate a nAb titer correlate of protection for mAbs benchmarked alongside vaccine induced nAb titers and support nAb titer as a surrogate endpoint for authorizing new mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan Fintzi
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael P Fay
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allyson Mateja
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Flonza Isa
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Marovich
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Hamza S, Martynova E, Garanina E, Shakirova V, Bilalova A, Moiseeva S, Khaertynova I, Ohlopkova O, Blatt N, Markelova M, Khaiboullina S. Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Serum from Tatarstan, Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10181. [PMID: 37373331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is a result of the complex interplay between various branches of the immune system. However, our understanding of the role of neutralizing antibodies and the activation of cellular immune response in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains limited. In this study, we investigated neutralizing antibodies in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, analyzing their cross-reactivity with the Wuhan and Omicron variants. We also assessed the activation of the immune response by measuring serum cytokines in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Our findings suggest the early activation of neutralizing antibodies in moderate COVID-19 compared to mild cases. We also observed a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron and Wuhan variants and the severity of the disease. In addition, we found that Th1 lymphocyte activation was present in mild and moderate cases, while inflammasomes and Th17 lymphocytes were activated in severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our data indicate that the early activation of neutralizing antibodies is evident in moderate COVID-19, and there is a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies and the severity of the disease. Our findings suggest that the Th1 immune response may play a protective role, while inflammasome and Th17 activation may be involved in severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Hamza
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Venera Shakirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alisa Bilalova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Moiseeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilsiyar Khaertynova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olesia Ohlopkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Nataliya Blatt
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Markelova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ishii T, Hamada K, Jubishi D, Hashimoto H, Okamoto K, Hisasue N, Sunohara M, Saito M, Shinohara T, Yamashita M, Wakimoto Y, Otani A, Ikeda M, Harada S, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Yanagimoto S. Waning cellular immune responses and predictive factors in maintaining cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 six months after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9607. [PMID: 37311763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown that the humoral response produced by anti-spike antibodies elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines gradually declines. The kinetics, durability and influence of epidemiological and clinical factors on cellular immunity have not been fully elucidated. We analyzed cellular immune responses elicited by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines in 321 health care workers using whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays. IFN-γ, induced by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells stimulated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike epitopes (Ag2), levels were highest at 3 weeks after the second vaccination (6 W) and decreased by 37.4% at 3 months (4 M) and 60.0% at 6 months (7 M), the decline of which seemed slower than that of anti-spike antibody levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the levels of IFN-γ induced by Ag2 at 7 M were significantly correlated with age, dyslipidemia, focal adverse reactions to full vaccination, lymphocyte and monocyte counts in whole blood, Ag2 levels before the second vaccination, and Ag2 levels at 6 W. We clarified the dynamics and predictive factors for the long-lasting effects of cellular immune responses. The results emphasize the need for a booster vaccine from the perspective of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited cellular immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hisasue
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yamashita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amato Otani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Dulipsingh L, Schaefer EJ, Wakefield D, Williams K, Halilovic A, Crowell R. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent unvaccinated, convalescent vaccinated, and naive vaccinated subjects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17410. [PMID: 37366522 PMCID: PMC10276490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and spread rapidly. The purpose of this study was to compare neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) following the original booster vaccine in convalescent and naive vaccinated individuals and in a third comparison group consisting of unvaccinated convalescent plasma donors. Methods We assessed NAbs before and 2 months after a booster vaccine in 68 adults who had completed the initial vaccine series for SARS-CoV-2. Of these subjects, 58 had no history of prior infection (naïve vaccinated group) and 10 had been infected with SARS-COV-2 prior to the completing the first vaccine series (convalescent vaccinated group). A third comparison group included unvaccinated convalescent plasma donors (n = 55) from an earlier study with NAbs assessed approximately 2 months after a positive test for SARS-CoV-2. Results Prior to the booster, convalescent vaccinated subjects had higher NAbs compared to naive vaccinated subjects (p = 0.02). Two months following the booster, NAbs increased in both vaccinated groups. The naive vaccinated group increased more than the convalescent vaccinated group (p = 0.02). NAbs in the naive vaccinated group were almost four times higher than NAbs in the 55 unvaccinated subjects, while the convalescent vaccinated group had levels 2.5 times higher p < 0.01. Conclusion NAbs in both vaccinated/boosted groups were significantly higher than in the convalescent unvaccinated group (p < 0.01). Our data indicates that subjects with a single infection with SARS-CoV-2 did not have the same levels of neutralizing antibodies that we observed in subjects who were either in the convalescent vaccinated or the naive vaccinated groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latha Dulipsingh
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 200 Crossing Boulevard, Framingham, MA, USA, 01702
| | - Dorothy Wakefield
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Kendra Williams
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Adis Halilovic
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Rebecca Crowell
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Chen C, Liang J, Hu H, Li X, Wang L, Wang Z. Research progress in methods for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Anal Biochem 2023:115199. [PMID: 37257735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has seriously affected the lives of people worldwide. Clarifying the attenuation rule of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) in vivo is the key to prevent reinfection and recurrence of virus. Currently, the commonly used methods for detecting NAb include virus neutralization tests, pseudovirus neutralization assays, lateral flow immunochromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The detection of NAb not only can be used to evaluate the level of immunity after vaccination or infection but also can provide important theoretical support for virus reinfection, recurrence and vaccine iteration. In this research, the related technologies of SARS-CoV-2 NAb detection were reviewed, aiming to provide better research ideas for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hangzhan Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Monti P, Solazzo G, Accurti V, Gambitta B, Iodice S, Boito S, Cantone L, Manenti A, Dioni L, Montomoli E, Persico N, Bollati V. Pyroptosis: A Promising Mechanism Linking SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119278. [PMID: 37298229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by a delicate immune balance; therefore, infectious diseases might increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Here, we hypothesize that pyroptosis, a unique cell death pathway mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, could link SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and APOs. Two blood samples were collected from 231 pregnant women at 11-13 weeks of gestation and in the perinatal period. At each time point, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers were measured by ELISA and microneutralization (MN) assays, respectively. Plasmatic NLRP3 was determined by ELISA. Fourteen miRNAs selected for their role in inflammation and/or pregnancy were quantified by qPCR and further investigated by miRNA-gene target analysis. NLRP3 levels were positively associated with nine circulating miRNAs, of which miR-195-5p was increased only in MN+ women (p-value = 0.017). Pre-eclampsia was associated with a decrease in miR-106a-5p (p-value = 0.050). miR-106a-5p (p-value = 0.026) and miR-210-3p (p-value = 0.035) were increased in women with gestational diabetes. Women giving birth to small for gestational age babies had lower miR-106a-5p and miR-21-5p (p-values = 0.001 and 0.036, respectively), and higher miR-155-5p levels (p-value = 0.008). We also observed that neutralizing antibodies and NLRP3 concentrations could affect the association between APOs and miRNAs. Our findings suggest for the first time a possible link between COVID-19, NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, inflammation, and APOs. Circulating miRNAs might be suitable candidates to gain a comprehensive view of this complex interplay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Accurti
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Gambitta
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Boito
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Srl, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- CRC, Center for Environmental Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- CRC, Center for Environmental Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Morrison H, Jackson S, McShane H. Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211388. [PMID: 37304270 PMCID: PMC10248465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIMs) involve deliberately exposing healthy human volunteers to a known pathogen, to allow the detailed study of disease processes and evaluate methods of treatment and prevention, including next generation vaccines. CHIMs are in development for both tuberculosis (TB) and Covid-19, but challenges remain in their ongoing optimisation and refinement. It would be unethical to deliberately infect humans with virulent Mycobacteria tuberculosis (M.tb), however surrogate models involving other mycobacteria, M.tb Purified Protein Derivative or genetically modified forms of M.tb either exist or are under development. These utilise varying routes of administration, including via aerosol, per bronchoscope or intradermal injection, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Intranasal CHIMs with SARS-CoV-2 were developed against the backdrop of the evolving Covid-19 pandemic and are currently being utilised to both assess viral kinetics, interrogate the local and systemic immunological responses post exposure, and identify immune correlates of protection. In future it is hoped they can be used to assess new treatments and vaccines. The changing face of the pandemic, including the emergence of new virus variants and increasing levels of vaccination and natural immunity within populations, has provided a unique and complex environment within which to develop a SARS-CoV-2 CHIM. This article will discuss current progress and potential future developments in CHIMs for these two globally significant pathogens.
Collapse
|
98
|
Solimando AG, Bittrich M, Shahini E, Albanese F, Fritz G, Krebs M. Determinants of COVID-19 Disease Severity-Lessons from Primary and Secondary Immune Disorders including Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108746. [PMID: 37240091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with primary and secondary immune disorders-including patients suffering from cancer-were generally regarded as a high-risk population in terms of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. By now, scientific evidence indicates that there is substantial heterogeneity regarding the vulnerability towards COVID-19 in patients with immune disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the effect of coexistent immune disorders on COVID-19 disease severity and vaccination response. In this context, we also regarded cancer as a secondary immune disorder. While patients with hematological malignancies displayed lower seroconversion rates after vaccination in some studies, a majority of cancer patients' risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease were either inherent (such as metastatic or progressive disease) or comparable to the general population (age, male gender and comorbidities such as kidney or liver disease). A deeper understanding is needed to better define patient subgroups at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease courses. At the same time, immune disorders as functional disease models offer further insights into the role of specific immune cells and cytokines when orchestrating the immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 infection. Longitudinal serological studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in the general population, as well as immune-compromised and oncological patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Solimando
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro Bari University, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Max Bittrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Endrit Shahini
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Federica Albanese
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro Bari University, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Georg Fritz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy at the Immanuel Klinikum Bernau, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Bernau, Germany
| | - Markus Krebs
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by dysregulated thrombosis and coagulation that can increase mortality in patients. Platelets are fast responders to pathogen presence, alerting the surrounding immune cells and contributing to thrombosis and intravascular coagulation. The SARS-CoV-2 genome has been found in platelets from patients with COVID-19, and its coverage varies according to the method of detection, suggesting direct interaction of the virus with these cells. Antibodies against Spike and Nucleocapsid have confirmed this platelet-viral interaction. This review discusses the immune, prothrombotic, and procoagulant characteristics of platelets observed in patients with COVID-19. We outline the direct and indirect interaction of platelets with SARS-CoV-2, the contribution of the virus to programmed cell death pathway activation in platelets and the consequent extracellular vesicle release. We discuss platelet activation and immunothrombosis in patients with COVID-19, the effect of Spike on platelets, and possible activation of platelets by classical platelet activation triggers as well as contribution of platelets to complement activation. As COVID-19-mediated thrombosis and coagulation are still not well understood in vivo, we discuss available murine models and mouse adaptable strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sciaudone
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.S., H.C., M.K.), University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Heather Corkrey
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.S., H.C., M.K.), University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Fiachra Humphries
- Innate Immunity (F.H.). University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.S., H.C., M.K.), University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Adhikari EH, Lu P, Kang YJ, McDonald AR, Pruszynski JE, Bates TA, McBride SK, Trank-Greene M, Tafesse FG, Lu LL. Diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538955. [PMID: 37205338 PMCID: PMC10187183 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunization in pregnancy is a critical tool that can be leveraged to protect the infant with an immature immune system but how vaccine-induced antibodies transfer to the placenta and protect the maternal-fetal dyad remains unclear. Here, we compare matched maternal-infant cord blood from individuals who in pregnancy received mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, were infected by SARS-CoV-2, or had the combination of these two immune exposures. We find that some but not all antibody neutralizing activities and Fc effector functions are enriched with vaccination compared to infection. Preferential transport to the fetus of Fc functions and not neutralization is observed. Immunization compared to infection enriches IgG1-mediated antibody functions with changes in antibody post-translational sialylation and fucosylation that impact fetal more than maternal antibody functional potency. Thus, vaccine enhanced antibody functional magnitude, potency and breadth in the fetus are driven more by antibody glycosylation and Fc effector functions compared to maternal responses, highlighting prenatal opportunities to safeguard newborns as SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Adhikari
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Parkland Health, Dallas TX
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ye jin Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ann R. McDonald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jessica E. Pruszynski
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Mila Trank-Greene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Parkland Health, Dallas TX
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Immunology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|