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Kowalski K, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Karpiński P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Chęć M, Piotrowski P, Misiak B. Profiling gut microbiota signatures associated with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia: Findings from a case-control study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110834. [PMID: 37473955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a variety of gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia. However, none of these studies has investigated gut microbiota in patients with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (D-SCZ) that can be characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms. Therefore, in this study we aimed to profile gut microbiota of individuals with D-SCZ, compared to those with non-deficit schizophrenia (ND-SCZ) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 115 outpatients (44 individuals with D-SCZ and 71 individuals with ND-SCZ) during remission of positive and disorganization symptoms as well as 120 HCs were enrolled. Gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16 rRNA amplicon sequencing. Additionally, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipid metabolism markers were determined in the peripheral blood samples. RESULTS Altogether 14 genera showed differential abundance in patients with D-SCZ compared to ND-SCZ and HCs, including Candidatus Soleaferrea, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Lachnospiraceae UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Libanicoccus, Limosilactobacillus, Mogibacterium, Peptococcus, Prevotella, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Slackia after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Observed alterations were significantly associated with cognitive performance in both groups of patients. Moreover, several significant correlations of differentially abundant genera with the levels of CRP, lipid profile parameters, glucose and insulin were found across all subgroups of participants. CONCLUSION Findings from the present study indicate that individuals with D-SCZ show a distinct profile of gut microbiota alterations that is associated with cognitive performance, metabolic parameters and subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chęć
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Dai R, Huang J, Cui L, Sun R, Qiu X, Wang Y, Sun Y. Gut microbiota and metabolites in estrus cycle and their changes in a menopausal transition rat model with typical neuroendocrine aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1282694. [PMID: 38161977 PMCID: PMC10755682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1282694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine alterations in the mid-life hypothalamus coupled with reproductive decline herald the initiation of menopausal transition. The certain feature and contribution of gut microflora and metabolites to neuroendocrine changes in the menopausal transition remain largely unknown. Methods Fecal samples of rats experiencing different reproductive stages were collected and processed for 16S rRNA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry sequencing. The differences of gut microbiota and metabolites between young and middle-aged rats during proestrus and diestrus were analyzed, and their relationships to neuroendocrine aging were then examined. Results At the genus level, Anaeroyorax, Rikenella, Tyzzerella_3, and Atopostipes were abundant at proestrus, while Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, CHKCI002, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Staphylococcus, Family_XII_AD3011_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-011, and Christensenellaceae_R_7_group were enriched in the diestrus of middle-aged rats. DNF00809, Phocea, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 were found abundant during proestrus instead, while Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Erysipelatoclostridium, Anaeroplasma, Anaerofustis, Parasutterella, and Enterococcus were enriched at the diestrus of young female individuals. Discriminatory metabolites were identified involving 90 metabolic pathways among the animal sets, which were enriched for steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic metabolism, primary bile acid synthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis. A total of 21 metabolites lacking in hormone-associated changes in middle-aged female individuals presented positive or negative correlations with the circulating luteinizing hormone, bile acid, fibroblast growth factor 19, and gut hormones. Moreover, close correlations were detected between the intestinal bacteria and their metabolites. Conclusion This study documents specific gut microbial composition changes and concomitant shifting trends of metabolites during menopausal transition, which may initiate the gut-brain dysfunction in neuroendocrine aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Dai
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Cui
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cavaleri D, Capogrosso CA, Guzzi P, Bernasconi G, Re M, Misiak B, Crocamo C, Bartoli F, Carrà G. Blood concentrations of anterior pituitary hormones in drug-naïve people with first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106392. [PMID: 37778198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of anterior pituitary hormones - i.e., adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones (LH and FSH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - in early schizophrenia and psychoses unclear. We thus performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the blood concentrations of ACTH, LH and FSH, GH, PRL, and TSH in drug-naïve people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) as compared with healthy controls. METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo for articles indexed until September 2022. Data quality was appraised. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out, generating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs). Between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 statistic. Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included. Drug-naïve people with FEP, compared to healthy subjects, had higher blood concentrations of ACTH (k = 7; N = 548; SMD = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.94; p < 0.001; I2 = 60.9%) and PRL (k = 17; N = 1757; SMD = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.56 to 1.14; p < 0.001; I2 = 85.5%) as well as lower levels of TSH (k = 6; N = 677; SMD = -0.34; 95%CI: -0.54 to -0.14; p = 0.001; I2 = 29.1%). Meta-regressions did not show any moderating effect of age (p = 0.78), sex (p = 0.21), or symptom severity (p = 0.87) on PRL concentrations in drug-naïve FEP. Available data were not sufficient to perform meta-analyses on FSH, LH, and GH. CONCLUSIONS Drug-naïve people with FEP have altered ACTH, PRL, and TSH blood concentrations, supporting the hypothesis that an abnormal anterior pituitary hormone secretion may be involved in the onset of schizophrenia and psychoses. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of pituitary hormones in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavaleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | | | - Pierluca Guzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gianna Bernasconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Martina Re
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
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Petruso F, Giff A, Milano B, De Rossi M, Saccaro L. Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220077. [PMID: 38026703 PMCID: PMC10653990 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation (ED) describes a difficulty with the modulation of which emotions are felt, as well as when and how these emotions are experienced or expressed. It is a focal overarching symptom in many severe and prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorders (BD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In all these disorders, ED can manifest through symptoms of depression, anxiety, or affective lability. Considering the many symptomatic similarities between BD, ADHD, and BPD, a transdiagnostic approach is a promising lens of investigation. Mounting evidence supports the role of peripheral inflammatory markers and stress in the multifactorial aetiology and physiopathology of BD, ADHD, and BPD. Of note, neural circuits that regulate emotions appear particularly vulnerable to inflammatory insults and peripheral inflammation, which can impact the neuroimmune milieu of the central nervous system. Thus far, few studies have examined the link between ED and inflammation in BD, ADHD, and BPD. To our knowledge, no specific work has provided a critical comparison of the results from these disorders. To fill this gap in the literature, we review the known associations and mechanisms linking ED and inflammation in general, and clinically, in BD, ADHD, and BD. Our narrative review begins with an examination of the routes linking ED and inflammation, followed by a discussion of disorder-specific results accounting for methodological limitations and relevant confounding factors. Finally, we critically discuss both correspondences and discrepancies in the results and comment on potential vulnerability markers and promising therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis E. Giff
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice A. Milano
- Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Francesco Saccaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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Zeng JW, Zhao JL, Han ZJ, Duan YJ, Lin L. Narrative Review: Pathogenesis of the Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Flora in Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2469-2483. [PMID: 38029049 PMCID: PMC10658945 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s430444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, as a common mental illness that is often accompanied by suicidal and homicidal behaviors, is one of the most important diseases in the medical field that requires urgent attention. The pathogenesis of depression is complex, and the current therapeutic drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and secondary serotonin reuptake inhibitors have certain shortcomings. The inflammatory factor hypothesis, one of the pathogenesis of depression, suggests that inflammatory response is a key factor leading to the occurrence and development of depression, and that overactivation of inflammatory factors such as NLRP3, Toll-like receptor 4, and IDO leads to immune-system dysfunction and depression. The other pathogenic hypothesis, the gut flora hypothesis, has also been the focus of recent research. The gut flora may work together with inflammatory factors to cause depression. The approach to treating depression has been by altering the gut flora through drugs or probiotics. However, effective and clear treatment methods are lacking. In this study, by exploring the involvement of intestinal flora and inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of depression, we found that improving the intestinal flora can affect inflammatory factors and, therefore, provide research ideas for the development of novel drugs to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zeng
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy Teaching and Research, College of Basic Medical sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jie Han
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Duan
- Department of Anatomy Teaching and Research, College of Basic Medical sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Hu J, Song X, Dai J, Tang Z, Huang G, Jiao W, Wu Y, Wang C, Du L, Jin Y. The effects of Lactobacillus reuteri microcapsules on radiation-induced brain injury by regulating the gut microenvironment. Food Funct 2023; 14:10041-10051. [PMID: 37843434 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a major adverse event following radiotherapy of malignant tumors. RIBI would affect cognitive function, leading to a series of complications and even death. However, the pathogenesis of RIBI is still unclear, and it still lacks specific therapeutic drugs. The gut-brain bidirectional communication may be mediated by various microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics are closely related to physiological health. The theory of the gut-brain axis provides us with a new idea to improve the gut microenvironment by supplementing probiotics against RIBI. Here, Lactobacillus reuteri microcapsules (LMCs) were prepared, which were predominantly irregular spheres with a rough surface under a scanning electron microscope and a narrow size distribution ranging from 20 to 700 μm. The transmission electron microscopy images showed that the structure of microcapsules containing Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) was a core and shell structure. The survival of L. reuteri in microcapsules was significantly more than that of free L. reuteri in the simulated stomach environment of pH 1.2. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that LMCs observably increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in RIBI mice. More importantly, compared with the RIBI model mice, the behavior of RIBI mice treated with LMCs was significantly improved. In addition, LMCs greatly alleviated the pathological damage of the hippocampus and intestines in the mice after irradiation and reduced the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in vivo. Generally, LMCs are a promising oral preparation, which provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of RIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinglu Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xingshuang Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Information Department, General Hospital of Western Zone, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guiyu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wencheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenyun Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Center Affiliated to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lina Du
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Nguyen TQ, Martínez-Álvaro M, Lima J, Auffret MD, Rutherford KMD, Simm G, Dewhurst RJ, Baima ET, Roehe R. Identification of intestinal and fecal microbial biomarkers using a porcine social stress model. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197371. [PMID: 38029169 PMCID: PMC10670831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between social stress and the gastrointestinal microbiota, and how they influence host health and performance is expected to have many scientific and commercial implementations in different species, including identification and improvement of challenges to animal welfare and health. In particular, the study of the stress impact on the gastrointestinal microbiota of pigs may be of interest as a model for human health. A porcine stress model based on repeated regrouping and reduced space allowance during the last 4 weeks of the finishing period was developed to identify stress-induced changes in the gut microbiome composition. The application of the porcine stress model resulted in a significant increase in salivary cortisol concentration over the course of the trial and decreased growth performance and appetite. The applied social stress resulted in 32 bacteria being either enriched (13) or depleted (19) in the intestine and feces. Fecal samples showed a greater number of microbial genera influenced by stress than caecum or colon samples. Our trial revealed that the opportunistic pathogens Treponema and Clostridium were enriched in colonic and fecal samples from stressed pigs. Additionally, genera such as Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Terrisporobacter, Marvinbryantia, and Romboutsia were found to be enriched in response to social stress. In contrast, the genera Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Dialister, Alloprevotella, Megasphaera, and Mitsuokella were depleted. These depleted bacteria are of great interest because they synthesize metabolites [e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in particular, butyrate] showing beneficial health benefits due to inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria in different animal species. Of particular interest are Dialister and Faecalibacterium, as their depletion was identified in a human study to be associated with inferior quality of life and depression. We also revealed that some pigs were more susceptible to pathogens as indicated by large enrichments of opportunistic pathogens of Clostridium, Treponema, Streptococcus and Campylobacter. Generally, our results provide further evidence for the microbiota-gut-brain axis as indicated by an increase in cortisol concentration due to social stress regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and a change in microbiota composition, particularly of bacteria known to be associated with pathogenicity and mental health diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Q. Nguyen
- Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University – Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Joana Lima
- Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Geoff Simm
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric T. Baima
- Zoetis Inc., Parsippany-Troy Hills, NJ, United States
| | - Rainer Roehe
- Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Nie D, Li C, Zhang Y. PitNETs and the gut microbiota: potential connections, future directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1255911. [PMID: 38027221 PMCID: PMC10657991 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1255911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome has been widely discussed in numerous works of literature. The biggest concern is the association of the gut microbiome with the central nervous system through the microbiome-brain-gut axis in the past ten years. As more and more research has been done on the relationship between the disease of the central nervous system and gut microbes. This fact is being revealed that gut microbes seem to play an important role from the onset and progression of the disease to clinical symptoms, and new treatments. As a special tumor of the central nervous system, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)are closely related to metabolism, endocrinology, and immunity. These factors are the vectors through which intestinal microbes interact with the central nervous system. However, little is known about the effects of gut microbes on the PitNET. In this review, the relationship of gut microbiota in PitNETs is introduced, the potential effects of the gut-brain axis in this relationship are analyzed, and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Thakkar A, Vora A, Kaur G, Akhtar J. Dysbiosis and Alzheimer's disease: role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2911-2923. [PMID: 37284896 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia and the accumulation of amyloid beta in the brain. Recently, microbial dysbiosis has been identified as one of the major factors involved in the onset and progression of AD. Imbalance in gut microbiota is known to affect central nervous system (CNS) functions through the gut-brain axis and involves inflammatory, immune, neuroendocrine and metabolic pathways. An altered gut microbiome is known to affect the gut and BBB permeability, resulting in imbalance in levels of neurotransmitters and neuroactive peptides/factors. Restoration of levels of beneficial microorganisms in the gut has demonstrated promising effects in AD in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The current review enlists the important beneficial microbial species present in the gut, the effect of their metabolites on CNS, mechanisms involved in dysbiosis related to AD and the beneficial effects of probiotics on AD. It also highlights challenges involved in large-scale manufacturing and quality control of probiotic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Thakkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India.
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India
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Zhao T, Chen A, Dai D, Li Z, Gao XF, Xiong L. Role of the GRP/GRPR System in Regulating Brain Functions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3588-3598. [PMID: 37702025 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-examining the relationship between neuropeptide systems and neural circuits will help us to understand more intensively the critical role of neuropeptides in brain function as the neural circuits responsible for specific brain functions are gradually revealed. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are Gαq-coupling neuropeptide receptors and widely distributed in the brain, including hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA), preBötzinger complex (preBötC), etc., implying the GRP/GRPR system is involved in modulating multiple brain functions. In this review, we focus on the functionality of GRPR neurons and the regulatory role of the GRP/GRPR system in memory and cognition, fear, depression and anxiety, circadian rhythms, contagious itch, gastric acid secretion, food intake, body temperature, and sighing behavior. It can be found that GRPR is usually centered on a certain brain nucleus or anatomical structure and modulates richer or more specific behaviors by connecting with additional different nuclei. In order to explain the regulatory mechanism of the GRP/GRPR system, more precise intervention methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Aiwen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Danqing Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
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Chen J, Zhao BC, Dai XY, Xu YR, Kang JX, Li JL. Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in maternally separated piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis. J Adv Res 2023; 52:29-43. [PMID: 36539076 PMCID: PMC10555785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhea has the fourth-highest mortality rate of all diseases and causes a large number of infant deaths each year. The maternally separated (MS) piglet (newly weaned piglet) is an excellent model to investigate the treatment of diarrhea in infants. Drinking alkaline mineral water has the potential to be therapeutic in gastrointestinal disorders, particularly diarrhea, but the supporting evidence from system studies and the mechanisms involved have yet to be reported. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine whether drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in MS piglets under weaning stress and what the fundamental mechanisms involved are. METHODS MS piglets were used to create a stress-induced intestinal disorder-diarrhea susceptibility model. A total of 240 MS piglets were randomly divided into two groups (6 pens/group and 20 piglets/pen). IPEC-J2 cell line was used for in vitro evaluation. An alkaline mineral complex (AMC) water was employed, and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, gut microbes, gut morphology, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and differentiation were investigated using a variety of experimental methodology. RESULTS AMC water reduced diarrhea rate in MS piglets by inhibiting the HPA axis, ameliorating gut microbiota structure, and stimulating IEC proliferation and differentiation. Apparently, the brain-microbe-gut axis is linked with AMC water conferring diarrhea resistance in piglets. Mechanistically, AMC water decreased stress hormones (COR and Hpt) secretion by suppressing HPA axis, which then increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbes; accordingly, maintained the proliferation of IEC and promoted the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) into goblet cell and Paneth cell by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In the absence of gut microbiota (in vitro), AMC activated the LPS-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition in IPEC-J2 cells and significantly increased the number of Lgr5 + cells, whereas had no effect on IPEC-J2 differentiation. CONCLUSION Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in MS piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis; thus, this study provides a potential prevention strategy for young mammals at risk of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Fang X, Gao C, Wu W, Hu X, Shao M, Zhou C, Cai R, Fang J, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang X. The role of the gut microbiome in weight-gain in schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotics: Evidence based on altered composition and function in a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115463. [PMID: 37717547 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the interconnection between the weight-gain in schizophrenia patients with atypical antipsychotic treatment and gut microbiome. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design, encompassing a total of 88 schizophrenia patients with long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify gut microbiome contents. RESULTS No significant differences in alpha diversity between normal-weight and overweight schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics. The beta diversity analysis showed that overweight patients clustered tightly while normal-weight patients clustered widely. For taxonomic composition, overweight patients had a lower relative abundance in Porphyromonadaceae at family level and Butyrivibrio at genus level, but higher relative abundance in Ruminococcus2 and Clostridium_XIVa at genus level than normal-weight patients. Function prediction revelated that four pathways (including Cell cycle, Non-homologous end-joining, Vibrio cholerae infection and Meiosis-yeast) were significantly different between groups. Correlation analysis indicated that Klebsiella, Butyrivibrio, Unassigned, Methanosphaera, Holdemania, Anaerotruncus were negatively, while Veillonella was positively correlated with BMI in patients. CONCLUSION Our findings offer evidence that perturbations in the gut microbiome composition, encompassing taxa such as Porphyromonadaceae, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus2, and Clostridium_XIVa, in conjunction with distinct functional pathways including Cell cycle, Non-homologous end-joining, Vibrio cholerae infection, and Meiosis-yeast, might contribute to the weight-gain in schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunying Gao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Changzhou De'an Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Public Health and Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangning District Second People' s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangning District Second People' s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chou Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renliang Cai
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Saxena A, Patel D, Ayesha IE, Monson NR, Klair N, Patel U, Khan S. Metabolic Syndrome Causing Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47587. [PMID: 38022013 PMCID: PMC10679844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia often exhibits characteristics like cognitive deficits, and individuals with the condition are at a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The effect of metabolic syndrome on schizophrenia-related cognitive impairment is still unknown, though. This systematic review aims to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia, specifically focusing on neurocognitive and social cognitive performance. Schizophrenia significantly strains the public healthcare system since it necessitates tremendous resources and care to support those suffering from the condition. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia are more susceptible to developing obesity than the general population, leading to a higher possibility of developing metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a critical regulator of bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is closely linked to the development of both schizophrenia and obesity, sharing common pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly immune inflammation. In this systematic review, we examine the existing literature to explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia. By synthesizing available evidence on neurocognitive and social cognitive performance, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The findings from this review will contribute to our knowledge of the complex interplay between metabolic abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. This understanding may facilitate the development of novel interventions targeting metabolic syndrome as a potential avenue for improving cognitive outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Saxena
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dhara Patel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ismat E Ayesha
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Neetha R Monson
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nimra Klair
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Utkarsh Patel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Kowalski K, Szponar B, Bochen P, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Misiak B. Altered levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids are associated with subclinical inflammation and worse cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:298-304. [PMID: 37552919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multi-systemic disorder that is associated with lipid profile disturbances, altered glucose homeostasis and subclinical inflammation. It has been proposed that dysfunction of the gut-brain axis might underlie these alterations. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered to play a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis. In this study, we aimed to compare fecal levels of SCFAs in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs), taking into consideration their relationship with common peripheral blood alterations observed in schizophrenia. The study included 100 stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 55 HCs. The levels of SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, and lactic acid) in fecal samples were measured. Also, lipid profile together with the levels of C-reactive protein, glucose and insulin were determined. The levels of isovaleric acid were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia after co-varying for age, sex, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations of the levels of valeric acid, isovaleric acid and CRP in patients with schizophrenia. In this group of participants, higher levels of isovaleric acid were associated with significantly lower scores of delayed memory after adjustment for potential covariates and interactions with CRP levels. Our results indicate that individuals with schizophrenia show altered levels of isovaleric acid that might be associated with impairments of delayed memory. The association with cognitive impairments might be independent of interactions with immune-inflammatory processes. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to test causal mechanisms of observed correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Bogumiła Szponar
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bochen
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Li X, Hu S, Liu P. Vascular-related biomarkers in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1241422. [PMID: 37692299 PMCID: PMC10486913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the molecular underpinnings of vascular dysfunction in psychosis are under active investigation, their implications remain unclear due to inconsistent and sometimes sparse observations. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to critically assess the alterations of vascular-related molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy individuals. Methods Databases were searched from inception to February 23, 2023. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects of clinical correlates. Results We identified 93 eligible studies with 30 biomarkers investigated in the CSF and/or blood. Among the biomarkers examined, psychotic disorders were associated with elevated CSF-to-serum albumin ratio (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-1.02); blood S100B (SMD, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9; SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86), and zonulin (SMD, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.04-2.30). The blood levels of S100B, MMP-9, nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were altered in patient subgroups differing in demographic and clinical characteristics. Blood S100B level was positively correlated with age and duration of illness. Substantial between-study heterogeneity was observed in most molecules. Conclusion The alterations in certain vascular-related fluid markers in psychotic disorders suggest disturbances in normal vascular structures and functions. However, not all molecules examined displayed clear evidence of changes. While potential impacts of clinical factors, including the administered treatment, were identified, the exploration remained limited. Further studies are needed to investigate the diverse patterns of expression, and understand how these abnormalities reflect the pathophysiology of psychosis and the impact of clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pozi Liu
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Chen S, Tang L, Nie T, Fang M, Cao X. Fructo-oligofructose ameliorates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions and psychiatric comorbidities in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5004-5018. [PMID: 36987580 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritus and eczema lesions and psychiatric comorbidities. The gut-brain-skin axis plays a pivotal role during AD development, which might suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for AD. The present study aims to uncover the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of fructo-oligofructose (FOS), a type of prebiotic, on AD-like skin manifestations and comorbid anxiety and depression in AD mice. RESULTS Female Kunming mice were treated topically with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to induce AD-like symptoms and FOS was administered daily for 14 days. The results showed that FOS could alleviate AD-like skin lesions markedly as evidenced by dramatic decreases in severity score, scratching bouts, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper 1(Th1)/Th2-related cytokines, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells to the dermal tissues. The comorbid anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, estimated by the forced swimming test (FST), the tail-suspension test (TST), the open-field test (OFT), and the zero maze test (ZMT) in AD mice, were significantly attenuated by FOS. Fructo-oligofructose significantly upregulated brain neurotransmitters levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA). Furthermore, FOS treatment increased the relative abundance of gut microbiota, such as Prevotella and Lactobacillus and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate and iso-butyrate in the feces of AD mice. The correlation analysis indicated that the reshaped gut microbiome composition and enhanced SCFAs formation are associated with skin inflammation and behavioral alteration. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data identify FOS as a promising microbiota-targeted treatment for AD-like skin inflammation and comorbid anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoze Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Nie
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyu Fang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Sun J, Liu X, Fan B, Lu C, Wang F. Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides exert the antidepressant-like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive mice by modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3408-3423. [PMID: 36996849 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) are one of the main active components of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with food and drug homologies. Recent studies have revealed the antidepressant-like effects of PSP. However, the precise mechanisms have not been clarified. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore that whether PSP could exert the antidepressant-like effects via microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice by transplantation of fecal microbiota (FMT) from PSP administration mice. FMT markedly reversed the depressive-like behaviors of CUMS-induced mice in the open field, the sucrose preference, the tail suspension, the forced swimming, and the novelty-suppressed feeding tests. FMT significantly increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine, decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and reduced the levels of corticosterone, an adrenocorticotropic-hormone, in the serum of CUMS-induced mice. In addition, administration of PSP and FMT significantly increased the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon and decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ in the serum of CUMS-induced mice. Moreover, administration of PSP and FMT regulated the signaling pathways of PI3K/AKT/TLR4/NF-κB and ERK/CREB/BDNF. Taken together, these findings indicated that PSP exerted antidepressant-like effects via the MGB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yupei Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
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Ağagündüz D, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Bingöl FG, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1014-1031. [PMID: 37222849 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that probiotics have key roles in the crosstalk between the gut and brain in terms of nutrition and health. However, when investigating their role in nutrition and health, it can be important to discriminate probiotics used as foods, food supplements, or drugs. For clarification of this terminology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a new "live biotherapeutic products" (LBP) category, expressing pharmaceutical expectations and to reduce confusion in the literature. Growing evidence advises that the community of microorganisms found in the gut microbiota is associated with psychological conditions. Hence, it is thought that LBPs may positively affect depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia by reducing inflammation, improving gut microbiota, and balancing gut neurometabolites. This review focuses on the specific position of probiotics as LBPs in psychological conditions. Condition-specific potential pathways and mechanisms of LBPs and the prominent strains are discussed in the light of novel studies for future research, dietetic and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey.
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, Burdur, 15030, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, Merkez, Kırıkkale, 71100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana, 01330, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
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Karpiński P, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Jabłoński M, Plichta P, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Misiak B. Gut microbiota alterations in schizophrenia might be related to stress exposure: Findings from the machine learning analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 155:106335. [PMID: 37467542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Specific mechanisms underlying gut microbiota alterations in schizophrenia remain unknown. We aimed to compare gut microbiota between patients with schizophrenia and controls, taking into consideration exposure stress across lifespan, dietary habits, metabolic parameters and clinical manifestation. A total of 142 participants, including 89 patients with schizophrenia and 52 controls, were recruited. Gut microbiota were analyzed using the 16 S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and inflammation were assessed. Increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus as well as decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium and Paraprevotella were found in patients with schizophrenia. The machine learning analysis demonstrated that between-group differences in gut microbiota were associated with psychosocial stress (a history of childhood trauma, greater cumulative exposure to stress across lifespan and higher level of perceived stress), poor nutrition (lower consumption of vegetables and fish products), lipid profile alterations (lower levels of high-density lipoproteins) and cognitive impairment (worse performance of attention). Our findings indicate that gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia, including increased abundance of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus) and decreased abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (Faecalibacterium and Paraprevotella) might be associated with exposure to stress, poor dietary habits, lipid profile alterations and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Karpiński
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Jabłoński
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Plichta
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Kowalski K, Misiak B. Schizophrenia and the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review from the biomedical perspective. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2023:S1888-9891(23)00015-0. [PMID: 37544807 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 caused a rapid worsening of global mental health. Patients with severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, are at higher risk of being infected. The neuroinvasive potential of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed. The aim of this article was to present a narrative and comprehensive review of multidimensional associations between schizophrenia and COVID-19 with special emphasis on common biological pathways. Online searches were performed in the PubMed database and covered the publication period until September 17, 2022. Search terms included "psychosis", "schizophrenia", "inflammation" and "COVID-19". Viewed as a neuroinflammatory state, schizophrenia shares several neurobiological mechanisms with the COVID-19. Environmental stress, common comorbidities of schizophrenia and adverse effects of antipsychotic treatment are associated with the higher severity and mortality of the COVID-19. Additionally, more frequent relapses of psychosis have been observed, and might be related to lower treatment adherence. In the context of clinical manifestation, higher level of negative symptoms has been identified among patients with schizophrenia during the pandemic. Improvements in mental health care policy and treatment adjustment are necessary to protect people with schizophrenia who are the population that is particularly vulnerable to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research will show if prenatal infection with the SARS-CoV-2 increases a risk of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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71
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Naufel MF, Truzzi GDM, Ferreira CM, Coelho FMS. The brain-gut-microbiota axis in the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023. [PMID: 37402401 PMCID: PMC10371417 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem made of trillions of microorganisms. The composition can be affected by diet, metabolism, age, geography, stress, seasons, temperature, sleep, and medications. The increasing evidence about the existence of a close and bi-directional correlation between the gut microbiota and the brain indicates that intestinal imbalance may play a vital role in the development, function, and disorders of the central nervous system. The mechanisms of interaction between the gut-microbiota on neuronal activity are widely discussed. Several potential pathways are involved with the brain-gut-microbiota axis, including the vagus nerve, endocrine, immune, and biochemical pathways. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to neurological disorders in different ways that involve activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, imbalance in neurotransmitter release, systemic inflammation, and increase in the permeability of the intestinal and the blood-brain barrier. Mental and neurological diseases have become more prevalent during the coronavirus disease 2019pandemic and are an essential issue in public health globally. Understanding the importance of diagnosing, preventing, and treating dysbiosis is critical because gut microbial imbalance is a significant risk factor for these disorders. This review summarizes evidence demonstrating the influence of gut dysbiosis on mental and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Morgadinho Santos Coelho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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72
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Joo MK, Ma X, Yoo JW, Shin YJ, Kim HJ, Kim DH. Patient-derived Enterococcus mundtii and its capsular polysaccharides cause depression through the downregulation of NF-κB-involved serotonin and BDNF expression. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105116. [PMID: 36758891 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The genus Enterococcus is commonly overpopulated in patients with depression compared to healthy control in the feces. Therefore, we isolated Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus mundtii from the feces of patients with comorbid inflammatory bowel disease with depression and examined their roles in depression in vivo and in vitro. Of these Enterococci, E. mundtii NK1516 most potently induced NF-κB-activated TNF-α and IL-6 expression in BV2 microglia cells. NK1516 also caused the most potent depression-like behaviors in the absence of sickness behaviors, neuroinflammation, downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, E. mundtii NK1516 reduced the mRNA expression of Htr1a in the hippocampus. Its capsular polysaccharide (CP), but not cytoplasmic components, also caused depression-like behaviors and reduced BDNF and serotonin levels in the hippocampus. Conversely, this was not observed with E. mundtii ATCC882, a well-known probiotic, or its CP. Orally gavaged fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated NK1516 CP was detected in the hippocampus of mice. The NK1516 genome exhibited unique CP biosynthesis-related genes (capD, wbjC, WecB, vioB), unlike that of ATCC882. These findings suggest that E. mundtii may be a risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Joo
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Wook Yoo
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Mo X, Xiao R, Cheng Q, Wang H, Liu L, Xie P. Enterogenic metabolomics signatures of depression: what are the possibilities for the future. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:397-418. [PMID: 37934939 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2279984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of studies indicate that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is an important pathway involved in the onset and progression of depression. The responses of the organism (or its microorganisms) to external cues cannot be separated from a key intermediate element: their metabolites. AREAS COVERED In recent years, with the rapid development of metabolomics, an increasing amount of metabolites has been detected and studied, especially the gut metabolites. Nevertheless, the increasing amount of metabolites described has not been reflected in a better understanding of their functions and metabolic pathways. Moreover, our knowledge of the biological interactions among metabolites is also incomplete, which limits further studies on the connections between the microbial-entero-brain axis and depression. EXPERT OPINION This paper summarizes the current knowledge on depression-related metabolites and their involvement in the onset and progression of this disease. More importantly, this paper summarized metabolites from the intestine, and defined them as enterogenic metabolites, to further clarify the function of intestinal metabolites and their biochemical cross-talk, providing theoretical support and new research directions for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez Ó, Monserrat J, Martinez-Rozas L, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Álvarez-Mon M, Lahera G. Microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2645-2673. [PMID: 36707651 PMCID: PMC10615769 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is a complex picture of genetic and environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota is in the spotlight of new research related to this kind of psychiatric disorder, as it can be consistently related to several pathophysiological events observed in BD. In the context of the so-called microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, it is shown to have a strong influence on host neuromodulation and endocrine functions (i.e., controlling the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as in modulation of host immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic and brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). The present review aims to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms derived from the MGB axis disruption and possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing on gut microbiota in the complex network of BD. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its bidirectional communication with the immune and other systems can shed light on the discovery of new therapies for improving the clinical management of these patients. Besides, the effect of psychiatric drugs on gut microbiota currently used in BD patients, together with new therapeutical approaches targeting this ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and other novelties) will also be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Rozas
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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75
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Rusch JA, Layden BT, Dugas LR. Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130689. [PMID: 37404311 PMCID: PMC10316519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Rusch
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- C17 Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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76
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Liu T, Du D, Zhao R, Xie Q, Dong Z. Gut microbes influence the development of central nervous system disorders through epigenetic inheritance. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127440. [PMID: 37343494 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), affect quality of life of patients and pose significant economic and social burdens worldwide. Due to their obscure and complex pathogeneses, current therapies for these diseases have limited efficacy. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been shown to exhibit direct and indirect influences on the structure and function of the CNS, affecting multiple pathological pathways. In addition to the direct interactions between the gut microbiota and CNS, the gut microbiota and their metabolites can regulate epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation of non-coding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the tripartite relationship among gut microbiota, epigenetic inheritance, and CNS disorders. We suggest that gut microbes and their metabolites influence the pathogenesis of CNS disorders at the epigenetic level, which may inform the development of effective therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Dongru Du
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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77
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Wang J, Liu S, Xie Y, Xu C. Association analysis of gut microbiota-metabolites-neuroendocrine changes in male rats acute exposure to simulated altitude of 5500 m. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9225. [PMID: 37286697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were found in acute high altitude challenge, but the role of gut microbiota and metabolites is unknown. We utilized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats at a simulated altitude of 5500 m for 3 days in a hypobaric-hypoxic chamber. ELISA and metabolomic analyses of serum and 16S rRNA and metabolomic analyses of fecal samples were then performed. Compared with the normoxic group, serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), and thyroxine (tT4) were increased in the hypoxia group, whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was decreased. Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, SMB53, Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium, and Aerococcus were enriched in hypoxia group, whereas [Prevotella], Prevotella, Kaistobacter, Salinibacterium, and Vogesella were enriched in normoxic group. Metabolomic analysis indicated that acute hypoxia significantly affected fecal and serum lipid metabolism. In addition, we found five fecal metabolites may mediate the cross-talk between TRH, tT4, and CORT with [Prevotella], Kaistobacter, Parabacteroides, and Aerococcus, and 6 serum metabolites may mediate the effect of TRH and tT4 on [Prevotella] and Kaistobacter by causal mediation analysis. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence that key metabolites mediate the cross-talk between gut microbiota with HPA and HPT axis under acute hypobaric hypoxia challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yalei Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chengli Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
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78
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Wei YH, Bi RT, Qiu YM, Zhang CL, Li JZ, Li YN, Hu B. The gastrointestinal-brain-microbiota axis: a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141387. [PMID: 37342335 PMCID: PMC10277866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly complex systemic disease characterized by intricate interactions between the brain and gastrointestinal tract. While our current understanding of these interactions primarily stems from experimental models, their relevance to human stroke outcomes is of considerable interest. After stroke, bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal tract initiates changes in the gastrointestinal microenvironment. These changes involve the activation of gastrointestinal immunity, disruption of the gastrointestinal barrier, and alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota. Importantly, experimental evidence suggests that these alterations facilitate the migration of gastrointestinal immune cells and cytokines across the damaged blood-brain barrier, ultimately infiltrating the ischemic brain. Although the characterization of these phenomena in humans is still limited, recognizing the significance of the brain-gastrointestinal crosstalk after stroke offers potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. By targeting the mutually reinforcing processes between the brain and gastrointestinal tract, it may be possible to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the clinical relevance and translational potential of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ya-nan Li
- *Correspondence: Ya-nan Li, ; Bo Hu,
| | - Bo Hu
- *Correspondence: Ya-nan Li, ; Bo Hu,
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Obi‐Azuike C, Ebiai R, Gibson T, Hernandez A, Khan A, Anugwom G, Urhi A, Prasad S, Souabni SA, Oladunjoye F. A systematic review on gut-brain axis aberrations in bipolar disorder and methods of balancing the gut microbiota. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3037. [PMID: 37127945 PMCID: PMC10275531 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder that affects millions worldwide. Up to half of the diagnosed patients are reported to not receive adequate treatment. This study aims to assess the relationship between the gut-brain axis and BD and to discuss and compare the efficacy of varying methods of balancing gut microbiotas in BD. METHODS Using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar from November 2021 to February 2022, we found 5310 studies on gut microbiota and its relation to BD. Using our inclusion criteria, 5283 studies were excluded. A total of 27 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Also, 12 articles that met our criteria and eligibility criteria reported on 613 BD patients. RESULTS Most studies analyzed found an overall difference in gut microbiota composition in bipolar patients compared to healthy controls, though the alterations found were not consistent. Differences in Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus abundance in BD compared to controls were found to be the most consistent across a few of the studies, but their effects on the gut-brain axis conflicted. Probiotic supplementation was found to lower patient rehospitalizations and significantly improve depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments among patients with BD. CONCLUSIONS Multiple studies included in this review point toward a possible link between BD and the gut microbiota. Probiotic supplements and other gut-balancing therapies could serve as effective adjunctive methods for the treatment of BD. Notable limitations of the studies included for analysis were small sample sizes and majority observational study designs. Furthermore, the microbiota aberrations found in patients with BD were not consistent across multiple studies. Despite these limitations, our findings demonstrate the need for further research regarding the relationship between aberrant gut microbiota profiles and BD, as well as the effectiveness of gut balancing methods as adjunctive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Obi‐Azuike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesTulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, Los AngelesUSA
| | - Ruona Ebiai
- Department of Internal MedicineOchsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Taneil Gibson
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Medicine and Health Sciences (UMHS)New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ariana Hernandez
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Medicine and Health Sciences (UMHS)New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Asma Khan
- Department of PsychiatryLake Erie College of Osteopathic MedicineEriePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gibson Anugwom
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Alexsandra Urhi
- Department of Mental HealthFederal Medical CenterAsaba, Delta StateNigeria
| | - Sakshi Prasad
- Department of PsychiatryNational Pirogov Memorial Medical UniversityVinnytsya, VinnytsyaUkraine
| | - Sara Ait Souabni
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of MarrakeshCadi Ayyad University‐Marrakech, MarrakechMorocco
| | - Funso Oladunjoye
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Ma X, Shin YJ, Park HS, Jeong JW, Kim JY, Shim JJ, Lee JL, Kim DH. Lactobacillus casei and Its Supplement Alleviate Stress-Induced Depression and Anxiety in Mice by the Regulation of BDNF Expression and NF-κB Activation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112488. [PMID: 37299451 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced depression and anxiety (DA) are closely connected to gastrointestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, which can suppress brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Herein, we isolated the BDNF expression-inducing probiotics Lactobacillus casei HY2782 and Bifidobacterium lactis HY8002 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Then, we investigated the effects of HY2782, HY8002, anti-inflammatory L-theanine, and their supplement (PfS, probiotics-fermented L-theanine-containing supplement) on DA in mice exposed to restraint stress (RS) or the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and depression (FMd). Oral administration of HY2782, HY8002, or L-theanine alleviated RS-induced DA-like behaviors. They also decreased RS-induced hippocampal interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels, as well as NF-κB-positive cell numbers, blood corticosterone level, and colonic IL-1β and IL-6 levels and NF-κB-positive cell numbers. L-theanine more potently suppressed DA-like behaviors and inflammation-related marker levels than probiotics. However, these probiotics more potently increased RS-suppressed hippocampal BDNF level and BDNF+NeuN+ cell numbers than L-theanine. Furthermore, HY2782 and HY8002 suppressed RS-increased Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia populations in gut microbiota. In particular, they increased Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillacease populations, which are closely positively associated with hippocampal BDNF expression, and suppressed Sutterellaceae, Helicobacteriaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae populations, which are closely positively associated with hippocampal IL-1β expression. HY2782 and HY8002 potently alleviated FMd-induced DA-like behaviors and increased FMd-suppressed BDNF, serotonin levels, and BDNF-positive neuronal cell numbers in the brain. They alleviated blood corticosterone level and colonic IL-1β α and IL-6 levels. However, L-theanine weakly, but not significantly, alleviated FMd-induced DA-like behaviors and gut inflammation. BDNF expression-inducing probiotic (HY2782, HY8002, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus)-fermented and anti-inflammatory L-theanine-containing supplement PfS alleviated DA-like behaviors, inflammation-related biomarker levels, and gut dysbiosis more than probiotics or L-theanine. Based on these findings, a combination of BDNF expression-inducing probiotics with anti-inflammatory L-theanine may additively or synergistically alleviate DA and gut dysbiosis by regulating gut microbiota-mediated inflammation and BDNF expression, thereby being beneficial for DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Jeong
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Kim
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- PBLbiolab, Seoul 02823, Republic of Korea
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81
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Wu H, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen S, Xie L, Wu X. Schizophrenia and obesity: May the gut microbiota serve as a link for the pathogenesis? IMETA 2023; 2:e99. [PMID: 38868440 PMCID: PMC10989809 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) places a tremendous burden on public health as one of the leading causes of disability and death. SZ patients are more prone to developing obesity than the general population from the clinical practice. The development of obesity frequently causes poor psychiatric outcomes in SZ patients. In turn, maternal obesity during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of SZ in offspring, suggesting that these two disorders may have shared neuropathological mechanisms. The gut microbiota is well known to serve as a major regulator of bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. It also plays a critical role in maintaining physical and mental health in humans. Recent studies have shown that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota is intimately associated with the onset of SZ and obesity through shared pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly the stimulation of immune inflammation. Therefore, gut microbiota may serve as a common biological basis for the etiology in both SZ and obesity, and the perturbed gut-brain axis may therefore account for the high prevalence of obesity in patients with SZ. On the basis of these findings, this review provides updated perspectives and intervention approaches on the etiology, prevention, and management of obesity in SZ patients by summarizing the recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of SZ and obesity, highlighting the role of gut-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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82
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Homer B, Judd J, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Ebrahimie E, Trott DJ. Gut Microbiota and Behavioural Issues in Production, Performance, and Companion Animals: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091458. [PMID: 37174495 PMCID: PMC10177538 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Homer
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jackson Judd
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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83
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Romero-Miguel D, Casquero-Veiga M, Fernández J, Lamanna-Rama N, Gómez-Rangel V, Gálvez-Robleño C, Santa-Marta C, Villar CJ, Lombó F, Abalo R, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Maternal Supplementation with N-Acetylcysteine Modulates the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Offspring of the Poly I:C Rat Model of Schizophrenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040970. [PMID: 37107344 PMCID: PMC10136134 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a complex interconnected system altered in schizophrenia. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy to antipsychotics in clinical trials, but its role in the microbiota-gut-brain axis has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to describe the effect of NAC administration during pregnancy on the gut-brain axis in the offspring from the maternal immune stimulation (MIS) animal model of schizophrenia. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with PolyI:C/Saline. Six groups of animals were studied according to the study factors: phenotype (Saline, MIS) and treatment (no NAC, NAC 7 days, NAC 21 days). Offspring were subjected to the novel object recognition test and were scanned using MRI. Caecum contents were used for metagenomics 16S rRNA sequencing. NAC treatment prevented hippocampal volume reduction and long-term memory deficits in MIS-offspring. In addition, MIS-animals showed lower bacterial richness, which was prevented by NAC. Moreover, NAC7/NAC21 treatments resulted in a reduction of proinflammatory taxons in MIS-animals and an increase in taxa known to produce anti-inflammatory metabolites. Early approaches, like this one, with anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative compounds, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders with an inflammatory/oxidative basis, may be useful in modulating bacterial microbiota, hippocampal size, as well as hippocampal-based memory impairments.
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Grants
- project number PI17/01766, and grant number BA21/00030 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), "A way to make Europe"
- project PID2021-128862OB-I00 MCIN /AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE
- project number CB07/09/0031 CIBER de Salud Mental - Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- project numbers 2017/085, 2022/008917 Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas
- 2016/01 Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
- grant, PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7899 Consejería de Educación e investigación, Comunidad de Madrid, co-funded by the European Social Fund "Investing in your future"
- "Programa Intramural de Impulso a la I+D+I 2019" Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- PT20/00044 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- x The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505)
- Contrato Intramural Postdoctoral FINBA
- SV-PA-21-AYUD/2021/51347 Ayudas para grupos de investigación de organismos del Principado de Asturias
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Gálvez-Robleño
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Cristina Santa-Marta
- Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia, Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Cannabinoides, Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Medica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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84
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Marano G, Mazza M, Lisci FM, Ciliberto M, Traversi G, Kotzalidis GD, De Berardis D, Laterza L, Sani G, Gasbarrini A, Gaetani E. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Psychoneuroimmunological Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061496. [PMID: 36986226 PMCID: PMC10059722 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role that the intestinal microbiota and the related autoimmune processes may have in the genesis and presentation of some psychiatric diseases. An alteration in the communication of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which constitutes a communicative model between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastro-enteric tract, has been identified as one of the possible causes of some psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe evidence supporting a role of the gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Change in the composition of the gut microbiota could determine an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier, leading to a cytokine storm. This could trigger a systemic inflammatory activation and immune response: this series of events could have repercussions on the release of some neurotransmitters, altering the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reducing the presence of trophic brain factors. Although gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders seem to be connected, more effort is needed to understand the potential causative mechanisms underlying the interactions between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Lisci
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciliberto
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Laterza
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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85
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Portes J, Bullón B, Gallardo I, Fernandez-Riejos P, Quiles JL, Giampieri F, Bullón P. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes related to periodontitis and its risk factors in elderly individuals. J Dent 2023; 132:104480. [PMID: 36948381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors. METHODS Male patients, older than 50 years, attended their first dental visit to the School of Dentistry for a period of two years, and it was proposed to evaluate undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal, biochemical, microbiological examinations, nutritional profile, and physical activity were performed. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were examined, 6 (5.6%) had diabetes, and 37 (34.9%) had prediabetes without prior diagnosis. The severity of periodontitis was greater in patients with diabetes. Most of the patients were overweight and had increased systolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes and periodontitis had a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Tannerella forsythia was present in more patients with periodontitis, and the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is practically absent in groups with periodontitis, except for the group with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In the population studied, the prevalence of patients without a diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was very high and underestimated. The increased severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes and in conjunction with the high level of cortisol seen in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes, emphasize the dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is essential to add all this data to our dental practice to cover patient health with a broader landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Portes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; Dental School, Veiga de Almeida University, Rua Ibituruna, 108, 20271-020, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Armilla, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Resarch Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health. Univeridad Europea del Atlantico.39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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86
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Majumdar A, Siva Venkatesh IP, Basu A. Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Viral Infections. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1045-1062. [PMID: 36868874 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over two centuries describes a significant role of GI microbiome in health and disease states of the host organism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate that are the physiological forms of acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid respectively, are GI bacteria derived metabolites. SCFAs have been reported to influence cellular function in multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In addition, the inflammation modulating properties of SCFAs make them suitable therapeutic candidates in neuroinflammatory conditions. This review provides a historical background of the GBA and current knowledge of the GI microbiome and role of individual SCFAs in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recently, a few reports have also identified the effects of GI metabolites in the case of viral infections. Among these viruses, the flaviviridae family is associated with neuroinflammation and deterioration of CNS functions. In this context, we additionally introduce SCFA based mechanisms in different viral pathogenesis to understand the former's potential as agents against flaviviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
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87
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Li H, Li H, Zhu Z, Xiong X, Huang Y, Feng Y, Li Z, Wu K, Wu F. Association of serum homocysteine levels with intestinal flora and cognitive function in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:258-265. [PMID: 36773527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have indicated that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels and intestinal flora may be involved in schizophrenia (SZ) cognition pathophysiology. This study was the first to investigate the association among Hcy, intestinal flora and schizophrenia cognition. Here, 140 individuals were divided into two groups: SZ patients (N = 68) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 72). Participant data on serum Hcy levels, intestinal flora and cognitive function evaluation using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were collected. Clinical symptoms of patients were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Serum Hcy levels and the incidence of hyperhomocysteinaemia were considerably increased in SZ patients compared with HCs. Hcy levels were significantly negatively associated with verbal learning index scores (r = -0.425, p < 0.001) but positively associated with Eubacterium (r = 0.32, p = 0.007), Lactobacillus (r = 0.32, p = 0.008), Corynebacterium (r = 0.26, p = 0.035), Mogibacterium (r = 0.31, p = 0.01), and Bulleidia (r = 0.31, p = 0.01) in SZ patients. Our findings suggest that serum Hcy levels are associated with cognitive function and intestinal flora in SZ patients. However, the mechanism of the interaction between Hcy and intestinal flora and its effects on cognitive function in SZ patients requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqiu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangdong Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
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88
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Wang H, Bin Wang, Pan MB, Jiang ST, Wang YC, Zhu Y, Zhang QC, Dong YF. Disorders in the gut and liver are involved in depression contagion between isosexual post-stroke depression mice and the healthy cohabitors. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114246. [PMID: 36481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the accumulated evidence that pair housing could attenuate post-stroke depression (PSD), but less attention has been paid to the healthy cohabitors, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether there is depressive contagion between PSD mice and their healthy cohabitors. PSD was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus restraint stress for four weeks. Three days after MCAO, the mice were restrained two hours per day and isosexually pair-housed for four weeks. The results showed that, compared with the partners pair housed with normal control mice (Ctrl group), the partners pair housed with PSD mice (CH group) displayed depressive-like behaviors, including decreased sucrose preference rate, significantly shorter duration in the center arena and reduced total distance in the open-field test, and extended immobile time in forced swimming test and tail-suspension test without sex differences. Regarding the change in the body weight, only the males showed a significant reduction on days 17 and 24 after treatment. Furthermore, the CH group showed significantly increased corticosterone and decreased oxytocin (OXT) levels in serum, while the mRNA levels of OXT, vasopressin and oxytocin receptor were remarkably upregulated in the hypothalamus of the CH group. However, there was no significant change in the vasopressin receptor V1a. Interestingly, compared with the Ctrl group, there was a significant decrease in butyrate in serum of the CH group. Consistently, they had mild liver dysfunction with increased alanine transaminase, extended hepatic sinus surrounded by enhanced SLC22A9, and significantly increased Iba1-positive macrophages. Moreover, the expression of tight junction protein (Occludin and ZO-1) obviously decreased in the colon with increasing Iba1-positive cells. These results suggest that isosexual pair-housing with PSD mice causes the healthy partners to develop depressive-like behaviors with disturbances in the gut and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Chun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicity, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Yun SW, Park HS, Shin YJ, Ma X, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus gasseri NK109 and Its Supplement Alleviate Cognitive Impairment in Mice by Modulating NF-κB Activation, BDNF Expression, and Gut Microbiota Composition. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030790. [PMID: 36771498 PMCID: PMC9921112 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-related gut microbiota dysbiosis initiates gut inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis, which induce the occurrence of psychiatric disorders including dementia. The alleviation of gut microbiota dysbiosis by probiotics is suggested to be able to alleviate psychiatric disorders including cognitive impairment (CI). Therefore, to understand how probiotics could alleviate CI, we examined the effects of anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus gasseri NK109 and its supplement (NS, mixture of NK109 and soybean embryo ethanol extract) on cognitive function in aged (Ag), 5XFAD transgenic (Tg), or mildly cognition-impaired adult fecal microbiota (MCF)-transplanted mice. Oral administration of NK109 or NS decreased CI-like behaviors in Ag mice. Their treatments suppressed TNF-α and p16 expression and NF-κB-activated cell populations in the hippocampus and colon, while BDNF expression was induced. Moreover, they partially shifted the β-diversity of gut microbiota in Ag mice to those of young mice: they decreased Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Helicobacteriaceae populations and increased Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae populations. Oral administration of NK109 or NS also reduced CI-like behaviors in Tg mice. Their treatments induced BDNF expression in the hippocampus, decreased hippocampal TNF-α and Aβ expression and hippocampal and colonic NF-κB-activated cell populations. NK109 and NS partially shifted the β-diversity of gut microbiota in Tg mice: they decreased Muribaculaceae and Rhodospiraceae populations and increased Helicobacteriaceae population. Oral administration of NK109 or NS decreased MCF transplantation-induced CI-like behaviors in mice. NK109 and NS increased hippocampal BDNF expression, while hippocampal and colonic TNF-α expression and NF-κB-activated cell populations decreased. These findings suggest that dementia can fluctuate the gut microbiota composition and NK109 and its supplement NS can alleviate CI with systemic inflammation by inducing BDNF expression and suppressing NF-κB activation and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Won Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.H.); (D.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0553 (M.J.H.); +82-2-961-0374 (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.H.); (D.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0553 (M.J.H.); +82-2-961-0374 (D.-H.K.)
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90
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Sun J, Bai Y, Fan B, Lu C, Wang F. Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides alleviate chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by regulating the gut microbiota composition and SCFAs levels. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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91
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Kasarello K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Communication of gut microbiota and brain via immune and neuroendocrine signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118529. [PMID: 36760508 PMCID: PMC9907780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5 × 1013 bacteria (of about 1,000 species) as well as archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota is known to influence the host organism, but the host may also affect the functioning of the microbiota. This bidirectional cooperation occurs in three main inter-organ signaling: immune, neural, and endocrine. Immune communication relies mostly on the cytokines released by the immune cells into circulation. Also, pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) may enter circulation and affect the functioning of the internal organs and gut microbiota. Neural communication relies mostly on the direct anatomical connections made by the vagus nerve, or indirect connections via the enteric nervous system. The third pathway, endocrine communication, is the broadest one and includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review focuses on presenting the latest data on the role of the gut microbiota in inter-organ communication with particular emphasis on the role of neurotransmitters (catecholamines, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid), intestinal peptides (cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide 1), and bacterial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).
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92
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Differential co-expression networks of the gut microbiota are associated with depression and anxiety treatment resistance among psychiatric inpatients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110638. [PMID: 36122838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbid anxiety and depression are common and are associated with greater disease burden than either alone. Our recent efforts have identified an association between gut microbiota dysfunction and severity of anxiety and depression. In this follow-up, we applied Differential Co-Expression Analysis (DiffCoEx) to identify potential gut microbiota biomarker(s) candidates of treatment resistance among psychiatric inpatients. METHODS In a sample of convenience, 100 psychiatric inpatients provided clinical data at admission and discharge; fecal samples were collected early during the hospitalization. Whole genome shotgun sequencing methods were used to process samples. DiffCoEx was used to identify clusters of microbial features significantly different based on treatment resistance status. Once overlapping features were identified, a knowledge-mining tool was used to review the literature using a list of microbial species/pathways and a select number of medical subject headlines (MeSH) terms relevant for depression, anxiety, and brain-gut-axis dysregulation. Network analysis used overlapping features to identify microbial interactions that could impact treatment resistance. RESULTS DiffCoEx analyzed 10,403 bacterial features: 43/44 microbial features associated with depression treatment resistance overlapped with 43/114 microbial features associated with anxiety treatment resistance. Network analysis resulted in 8 biological interactions between 16 bacterial species. Clostridium perfringens evidenced the highest connection strength (0.95). Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium 6_1_45 has been most widely examined, is associated with inflammation and dysbiosis, but has not been associated with depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION DiffCoEx potentially identified gut bacteria biomarker candidates of depression and anxiety treatment-resistance. Future efforts in psychiatric microbiology should examine the mechanistic relationship of identified pro-inflammatory species, potentially contributing to a biomarker-based algorithm for treatment resistance.
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93
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Fišar Z. Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110626. [PMID: 36055561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and the verification of biological hypotheses of schizophrenia are an essential part of the process of understanding the etiology of this mental disorder. Schizophrenia has long been considered a neurodevelopmental disease whose symptoms are caused by impaired synaptic signal transduction and brain neuroplasticity. Both the onset and chronic course of schizophrenia are associated with risk factors-induced disruption of brain function and the establishment of a new homeostatic setpoint characterized by biomarkers. Different risk factors and biomarkers can converge to the same symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that the primary cause of the disease can be highly individual. Schizophrenia-related biomarkers include measurable biochemical changes induced by stress (elevated allostatic load), mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and circadian rhythm disturbances. Here is a summary of selected valid biological hypotheses of schizophrenia formulated based on risk factors and biomarkers, neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, brain chemistry, and antipsychotic medication. The integrative neurodevelopmental-vulnerability-neurochemical model is based on current knowledge of the neurobiology of the onset and progression of the disease and the effects of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics and reflects the complex and multifactorial nature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Czech Republic.
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94
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Wu SL, Woo PJ, Yap CC, Lim GJRY. Parenting Practices and Adolescents' Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Perceived Maternal and Paternal Acceptance-Rejection and Adolescents' Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1052. [PMID: 36673804 PMCID: PMC9858990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parenting practices are essential in promoting children's mental health, especially in effective and ineffective parenting. The use of ineffective parenting practices is no longer encouraged in the west; however, it remains a common practice among Asian households. Ineffective parenting consists of inconsistent discipline, corporal punishment, and poor monitoring which may result in mental health consequences. Thus, this study assessed the mediating effects of adolescents' self-efficacy and parental acceptance-rejection on the relationship between ineffective parenting practices and adolescents' mental health. The current study involved a total of 761 school-going Malaysian adolescents aged 13-18 (38.5% males; Mage = 15.65; SDage = 1.43). This study utilized a cross-sectional design where it measured adolescents' mental health, ineffective parenting practices, parental acceptance-rejection, and adolescents' self-efficacy. Both paternal and maternal parenting practices and acceptance-rejection were measured independently. Adolescents' self-efficacy and perceived paternal and maternal acceptance-rejection were found to be significant mediators for ineffective parenting practices and adolescents' mental health. Our findings suggest that ineffective parenting practices will result in perceived parental rejection and lower self-efficacy which in turn resulted in poorer mental health among adolescents. It means parents should be mindful of their parenting approaches as they have a direct and indirect impact on the mental health of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ling Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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95
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Zhai Z, Su PW, Ma LY, Yang H, Wang T, Fei ZG, Zhang YN, Wang Y, Ma K, Han BB, Wu ZC, Yu HY, Zhao HJ. Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of ischemic stroke via the gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114056. [PMID: 36446240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common issue that severely affects the human health. Between the central nervous system and the enteric system, the " Gut-Brain " axis, the bidirectional connection involved in the neuro-immuno-endocrine network, is crucial for the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke can lead to change in the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones, which will then reversely affect the disease development. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has unique advantages with reference to the treatment for ischemic stroke. The latest research revealed that a significant portion of medicines and prescriptions of TCM exert their therapeutic effects by improving the gut microbiota and regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. The present review summarized the Chinese medicines that play a therapeutic role in cerebral ischemia through regulating the "Gut-Brain" axis and described the corresponding mechanisms. This study attempts to provide reference for clinical selection of Chinese medicines and helps better understand the relevant mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pei-Wei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lan-Ying Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng-Gen Fei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-Bing Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-Yun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Yao W, Yang W, Chen F. Advances in the mechanisms of polysaccharides in alleviating depression and its complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154566. [PMID: 36610126 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most serious mental illnesses worldwide that endangers the health of people. The pathogenesis of depression is complex and is associated with abnormal neurotransmitter levels, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation, and gut flora-related disorders. However, most of the current pharmacological therapies used to manage depression are inconsistent and are associated with side effects. Owing to their low toxicity and wide availability in nature, polysaccharides are gradually attracting attention and are being discovered to exert direct or indirect antidepressant effects. PURPOSE In this review, we have summarized the classification, dosage, and experimental models to study polysaccharides with antidepressant effects obtained from different sources. We have also reviewed the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of these polysaccharides in depression by modulating inflammation, the HPA axis, and intestinal flora. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google scholar databases and included studies that reported the use of polysaccharides in treating depression. RESULTS The unique benefits of natural polysaccharides as antidepressants lie in their potential to modulate inflammation, regulate the HPA axis, and regulate intestinal flora, giving full play to their antidepressant effects via multiple pathways and targets. CONCLUSION Natural polysaccharides may be a promising resource for use as adjuvant antidepressant therapy. Our study might therefore provide evidence for the development of polysaccharide resources as antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Zixuan Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jiating Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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Gut microbiota alterations in stable outpatients with schizophrenia: findings from a case-control study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 35:147-155. [PMID: 36503629 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2022.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is multidimensional and intensively studied. The gut-brain axis disturbances might play a significant role in the development of schizophrenia. METHODS We compared the gut microbiota of 53 individuals with schizophrenia and 58 healthy controls, using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Individuals with schizophrenia were assessed using the following scales: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. RESULTS No significant between-group differences in α-diversity measures were observed. Increased abundance of Lactobacillales (order level), Bacilli (class level) and Actinobacteriota (phylum level) were found in individuals with schizophrenia regardless of potential confounding factors, and using two independent analytical approaches (the distance-based redundancy analysis and the generalised linear model analysis). Additionally, significant correlations between various bacterial taxa (the Bacteroidia class, the Actinobacteriota phylum, the Bacteroidota phylum, the Coriobacteriales order and the Coriobacteria class) and clinical manifestation (the severity of negative symptoms, performance of language abilities, social and occupational functioning) were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that gut microbiota alterations are present in European patients with schizophrenia. The abundance of certain bacterial taxa might be associated with the severity of negative symptoms, cognitive performance and general functioning. Nonetheless, additional studies are needed before the translation of our results into clinical practice.
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98
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Han W, Wang N, Han M, Ban M, Sun T, Xu J. Reviewing the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression and exploring new therapeutic options. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1029495. [PMID: 36570854 PMCID: PMC9772619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1029495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and mental health is one of the focuses of psychobiology research. In recent years, the microbial-gut-brain axis (MGBA) concept has gradually formed about this bidirectional communication between gut and brain. But how the GM is involved in regulating brain function and how they affect emotional disorders these mechanisms are tenuous and limited to animal research, and often controversial. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to summarize and categorize the latest advances in current research on the mechanisms of GM and depression to provide valid information for future diagnoses and therapy of mental disorders. Finally, we introduced some antidepressant regimens that can help restore gut dysbiosis, including classic antidepressants, Chinese materia medica (CMM), diet, and exogenous strains. These studies provide further insight into GM's role and potential pathways in emotion-related diseases, which holds essential possible clinical outcomes for people with depression or related psychiatric disorders. Future research should focus on clarifying the causal role of GM in disease and developing microbial targets, applying these findings to the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ban
- Liaoning Microhealth Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Junnan Xu,
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Freimer D, Yang TT, Ho TC, Tymofiyeva O, Leung C. The gut microbiota, HPA axis, and brain in adolescent-onset depression: Probiotics as a novel treatment. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100541. [PMID: 36536630 PMCID: PMC9758412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-associated disruptions in the development of frontolimbic regions may play a critical role in the emergence of adolescent-onset depression. These regions are particularly sensitive to Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis signaling. The HPA axis is hyperactive in adolescent depression, and interventions that attenuate such hyperactivity hold promise as potential treatments. The Microbiome-Gut-Brain (MGB) axis is an important pathway through which stress dysregulates HPA-axis activity and thus exerts deleterious effects on the adolescent brain. Probiotic agents, which alter the gut microbiota composition by introducing bacterial strains with beneficial physiological effects, normalize aberrant HPA-axis activity and reduce depressive symptoms in both animal studies and adult clinical trials. While the potential utility of such agents in treating or preventing adolescent depression remains largely unexplored, recent data suggest the existence of an adolescent sensitive window during which probiotics may be especially efficacious in reducing depressive symptoms compared to effects observed in adult populations. In this review, we outline evidence that probiotic use may attenuate stress effects on frontolimbic development, providing a novel means of improving depressive symptoms among adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Freimer
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, USA
| | - Tony T. Yang
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, USA
- The Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, USA
| | - Olga Tymofiyeva
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, USA
| | - Cherry Leung
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Nursing, Department of Community Health Systems, USA
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100
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Oliveira BSAD, Milanezi DS, Gonzaga PDV, Detoni FR, Soriano RN. The gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases: revisiting possible therapeutic targets for cannabidiol. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12172. [PMID: 36544841 PMCID: PMC9761731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential to improve the efficacy of treatments and, consequently, patients' lives. Unfortunately, traditional therapeutic strategies have not been effective. There is therefore an urgent need to discover or develop alternative treatment strategies. Recently, some pieces of the puzzle appear to emerge: on a hand, the gut microbiota (GM) has gained attention since intestinal dysbiosis aggravates and generates some of the pathological processes of AD; on the other hand, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, attenuates intestinal inflammation and possesses neuroprotective properties. Intestinal dysbiosis (increased population of proinflammatory bacteria) in AD increases plasma lipopolysaccharide and Aβ peptide levels, both responsible for increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A leaky BBB may facilitate the entry of peripheral inflammatory mediators into the central nervous system and ultimately aggravate neuroinflammation and neuronal death due to chronic activation of glial cells. Studies investigating the GM reported a strong relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and AD. In this review we conjecture that the GM is a promising therapeutic target for CBD in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Sandrini Milanezi
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Priscila do Val Gonzaga
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rabello Detoni
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35020-360, Brazil
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