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Grabicová K, Grabic R, Fedorova G, Vojs Staňová A, Bláha M, Randák T, Brooks BW, Žlábek V. Water reuse and aquaculture: Pharmaceutical bioaccumulation by fish during tertiary treatment in a wastewater stabilization pond. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115593. [PMID: 33254619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for aquaculture products, water reuse is likely to increase for aquaculture operations around the world. Herein, wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP) represents low cost and sustainable treatment technologies to reduce nutrients and various contaminants of emerging concern from effluent. In the present study, we examined bioaccumulation of selected pharmaceuticals from several therapeutic classes by two important fish species in aquaculture with different feeding preferences (Cyprinus carpio and Sander lucioperca) and their common prey to test whether species specific accumulation occurs. Forty and nineteen from 66 selected pharmaceuticals and their metabolites were positively found in water and sediment samples, respectively from the representative WSP. After a six-month study, which corresponds to aquaculture operations, fourteen pharmaceuticals and their metabolites were detected (at a frequency of higher than 50% of samples) in at least one fish tissue collected from the WSP. We observed striking differences for species and organ specific BAFs among study compounds. Though muscle tissues consistently accumulated lower levels of the target analytes, several substances were elevated in brain, liver and kidney tissues (e.g., sertraline) of both species. Low residual concentrations of these target analytes in aquaculture products (fish fillets) suggest WSPs are promising to support the water-food nexus in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Bláha
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Vladimír Žlábek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Oluwole AO, Omotola EO, Olatunji OS. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation. BMC Chem 2020; 14:62. [PMID: 33106789 PMCID: PMC7579856 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products in many aqueous matrices have been reported. One of such matrix is streams of wastewater, including wastewater treatment plants inflows and outflows and wastewater flow by-passing wastewater treatment plants. Their persistence arises from their resistant to breakdown, hence they may remain in the environment over long time, with a potential to cause adverse effects including endocrine disruption, gene toxicity, the imposition of sex organs, antibiotic resistance and many others in some aquatic organisms exposed to arrays of residues of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Among the treatment techniques, advanced oxidation processes have been reported to be a better technique through which these PPCPs can be degraded in the WWTPs. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using various photocatalyst immobilized on solid support such as activated carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes in AOPs have been shown to be a viable and efficient method of PPCPs degradation. This is because, the performance of most WWTPs is limited since they were not designed to degrade toxic and recalcitrant PPCPs. This review highlight the occurrence, concentration of PPCPs in wastewater and the removal efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis of TiO2 immobilized on solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Olufemi Oluwole
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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53
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Li Y, Miao Y, Zhang W, Yang N, Niu L, Zhang H, Wang L. Sertraline inhibits top-down forces (predation) in microbial food web and promotes nitrification in sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115580. [PMID: 33254665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sertraline is a widely used antidepressant that becomes an aquatic pollutant through metabolic excretion and improper disposal. Determining the impact of sertraline on benthic microbial ecosystems is important for the transformation of river biogenic elements. However, the molecular initiating event induced by sertraline is more readily observed at higher levels, such as the individual or population level of larger organisms, and the effect is not pronounced in benthic organisms, which are directly involved in nitrogen transformation. Therefore, this study used DNA metabarcoding to analyze the effect of sertraline on the microbial ecosystem and material cycles in river sediment through the lens of a microbial food web. The presence of sertraline in the river sediment enhanced the mineralization capacity of nitrogen and increased the accumulation of nitrate in the sediment. Sertraline affected the structure of the microbial food web by stimulating different successions of bacteria and eukaryotes. A structural equation model revealed that sertraline affected the microbial food web model through top-down forces (predation) by reducing the trophic transfer efficiency from metazoans to protozoans. This effect resulted in decreases in the trophic transfer efficiency from protozoans to bacteria and increases in nitrogen mineralization capacity. This was followed by a gradual increase in the nitrification reaction under the action of nitrifying bacteria, increasing the threat to the ecological health of rivers. The results show that sertraline affects the material cycle of river ecosystems and emphasizes that the assessment of the ecological risks of sertraline needs to be considered from the perspective of the material cycle of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Sancho Santos ME, Grabicová K, Steinbach C, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Šálková E, Kolářová J, Vojs Staňová A, Grabic R, Randák T. Environmental concentration of methamphetamine induces pathological changes in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126882. [PMID: 32957289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine, mainly consumed as an illicit drug, is a potent addictive psychostimulant that has been detected in surface water at concentrations ranging from nanograms to micrograms per litre, especially in Middle and East Europe. The aim of this study was to expose brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) to environmental (1 μg L-1) and higher (50 μg L-1) concentrations of methamphetamine for 35 days with a four-day depuration phase to assess the possible negative effects on fish health. Degenerative liver and heart alterations, similar to those described in mammals, were observed at both concentrations, although at different intensities. Apoptotic changes in hepatocytes, revealed by activated caspase-3, were found in exposed fish. The parent compound and a metabolite (amphetamine) were detected in fish tissues in both concentration groups, in the order of kidney > liver > brain > muscle > plasma. Bioconcentration factors ranged from 0.13 to 80. A therapeutic plasma concentration was reached for both compounds in the high-concentration treatment. This study indicates that chronic environmental concentrations of methamphetamine can lead to health issues in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Sancho Santos
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- University of Bern, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Šálková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolářová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovicova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Seasonal Occurrence of Ibuprofen in Sediment, Water, and Biota in River Owena and Ogbese, and its Ecological Risk Assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/ast-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The volume of pharmaceuticals discharged into the environment increases daily as a consequence of human life. In the present study, the seasonal variation of ibuprofen in sediment, biota, water, and their exposure risk were investigated in River Owena and Ogbese, Nigeria. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the samples after clean up and pre-concentration by solid-phase extraction. The mean concentration of IBU in the samples spanned a range of 1.75 - 2.75 μg/g in sediment, 0.01 – 15.00 μg/g in fish, and 0.00002 – 0.005 μg/ml in water. The measurement of IBU in the sediment and water was significantly elevated in the dry season than the wet season, whereas the opposite was the case in biota. There was a significant interaction between season, media, and rivers with respect to IBU occurrence in the sampled rivers. The calculated bio-water accumulation factor (BWAF) was as high as 750,000 μg/g in fish, proving IBU is extremely bio-accumulative. The ecotoxicological risk assessment for average and worst possible outcome showed that the risk quotient (RQ) for IBU present in the water was sufficient to cause toxicity to fish in both freshwater bodies. The potential bioavailability of IBU to aquatic fauna for prolonged periods spanning several months can result in its circling back into the food web afterward. The baseline info provided by this study in these freshwaters may provide valuable information for the implementation of safety limits for the management of IBU influx into the environment.
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Lomba L, Lapeña D, Ros N, Aso E, Cannavò M, Errazquin D, Giner B. Ecotoxicological study of six drugs in Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9891-9900. [PMID: 31925696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of drugs in the environment is an emerging issue in the scientific community. It has been shown that these substances are active chemicals that consequently affect aquatic organisms and, finally, humans as end users. To evaluate the toxicity of these compounds and how they affect the environment, it is important to perform systematic ecotoxicological and physicochemical studies. The best way to address this problem is to conduct studies on different aquatic trophic levels. In this work, an ecotoxicological study of six drugs (anhydrous caffeine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, gentamicin sulphate, lidocaine hydrochloride, tobramycin sulphate and enalapril maleate) that used three aquatic biological models (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Aliivibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna) was performed. Additionally, the concentration of chlorophyll in the algae R. subcapitata was measured. Furthermore, EC50 values were analysed using the Passino and Smith classification (PSC) method, which categorized the compounds as toxic or relatively toxic. All of the studied drugs showed clear concentration-dependent toxic effects. The toxicity of the chemicals depended on the biological model studied, with Raphidocelis subcapitata being the most sensitive species and Aliivibrio fischeri being the least sensitive. The results indicate that the most toxic compound, for all the studied biological models, was diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lomba
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovia A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - David Lapeña
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovia A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Natalia Ros
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovia A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Aso
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovia A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariachiara Cannavò
- Dipartimento di scienze chimeche biologiche farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università degli studi di Messina, viale F. Stagno D' alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Diego Errazquin
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovia A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Giner
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autovia A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
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Previšić A, Rožman M, Mor JR, Acuña V, Serra-Compte A, Petrović M, Sabater S. Aquatic macroinvertebrates under stress: Bioaccumulation of emerging contaminants and metabolomics implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135333. [PMID: 31822419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The current knowledge on bioaccumulation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic invertebrates exposed to the realistic environmental concentrations is limited. Even less is known about the effects of chemical pollution exposure on the metabolome of aquatic invertebrates. We conducted an in situ translocation experiment with passive filter-feeding caddisfly larvae (Hydropsyche sp.) in an effluent-influenced river in order to i) unravel the bioaccumulation (and recovery) dynamics of ECs in aquatic invertebrates, and ii) test whether exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of ECs will translate into metabolic profile changes in the insects. The experiment was carried out at two sites, upstream and downstream of the discharge of an urban wastewater treatment plant effluent. The translocated animals were collected at 2-week intervals for 46 days. Both pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) were detected in water (62 and 7 compounds, respectively), whereas in Hydropsyche tissues 5 EDCs accumulated. Overall, specimens from the upstream site translocated to the impacted site reached higher ECs concentrations in their tissues, as a reflection of the contaminants' water concentrations. However, bioaccumulation was a temporary process susceptible to change under lower contaminant concentrations. Non-targeted metabolite profiling detected fine metabolic changes in translocated Hydropsyche larvae. Both translocations equally induced stress, but it was higher in animals translocated to the impacted site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marko Rožman
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Faculty of Sciences - University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Faculty of Sciences - University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Albert Serra-Compte
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Faculty of Sciences - University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Cerveny D, Brodin T, Cisar P, McCallum ES, Fick J. Bioconcentration and behavioral effects of four benzodiazepines and their environmentally relevant mixture in wild fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134780. [PMID: 31733557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the adverse effects of four benzodiazepines frequently measured in European surface waters. We evaluated bioaccumulation potential of oxazepam, bromazepam, temazepam, and clobazam in freshwater fish species - perch (Perca fluviatilis) and we conducted a series of behavioral trials to assess their potential to alter boldness, activity, and social behavior. All selected endpoints were studied individually for each target benzodiazepine and as a mixture of all tested compounds to assess possible combinatory effects. We used a three-dimensional automated tracking system to quantify the fish behavior. The four compounds bioconcentrated differently in fish muscle (temazepam > clobazam > oxazepam > bromazepam) at high exposure (9.1, 6.9, 5.7, 8.1 µg L-1, respectively) and low exposure (0.5, 0.5, 0.3, 0.4 µg L-1, respectively) concentrations. A significant amount of oxazepam was also measured in fish exposed to temazepam, most likely because of the metabolic transformation of temazepam within the fish. Bromazepam, temazepam, and clobazam significantly affected fish behavior at high concentration, while no statistically significant changes were registered for oxazepam. The studied benzodiazepines affected behavior in combination, because the mixture treatment significantly changed several important behavioral traits even at low concentration, while no single compound exposure had such an effect at that dose. Based on our results, we conclude that effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic environments could be underestimated if risk assessments only rely on the evaluation of single compounds. More studies focused on the combinatory effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of pharmaceuticals are necessary to fill the gaps in this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cerveny
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Cisar
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - E S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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59
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Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL. Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134057. [PMID: 31783460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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60
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Meyer MF, Powers SM, Hampton SE. An Evidence Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environment: Imbalances among Compounds, Sewage Treatment Techniques, and Ecosystem Types. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12961-12973. [PMID: 31603661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) garner increasing attention globally for both their usefulness as indicators of human waste and their potency as emerging organic toxicants. Three decades of rapid increase in PPCP study combined with an increasing number of PPCPs on the global market have created an opportunity (1) to review trends in diversity of compounds, sewage treatment techniques (STTs), and ecosystems investigated as well as (2) to identify knowledge gaps in the literature. We conducted a quantitative evidence synthesis of 6517 abstracts from primary articles in the environmental PPCP literature by examining relative abundance of specific PPCP classes, STTs, and ecosystem types. Our results demonstrate that non-prescription drugs and antibiotics dominated PPCP abstracts, appearing in 51% and 39% of reviewed abstracts, respectively, in comparison to hormones (18%), prescription drugs (18%), fragrances (0.3%), and antioxidants (0.0%), which can all elicit physiological and ecological responses even at low concentrations. References to centralized STTs (e.g., activated sludge, 37%) were more frequent than decentralized STTs (e.g., septic, 2%), despite decentralized STTs being common and frequently high impact sources of sewage pollution worldwide. Freshwater lotic systems (63%) were more prevalent than freshwater lentic (24%) and terrestrial (20%) systems. This discrepancy is notable because the longer residence times of lentic and terrestrial systems may enable PPCPs to concentrate and thus increase risk of biological consequences. These results highlight distinct opportunities to address knowledge gaps in the environmental PPCP literature, including underrepresented compounds (e.g., fragrances), sewage treatment techniques (e.g., septic systems), and ecosystem types (e.g., lakes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Meyer
- School of the Environment , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Stephen M Powers
- Center for Environmental Research, Education, & Outreach , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Stephanie E Hampton
- Center for Environmental Research, Education, & Outreach , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
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Proctor K, Petrie B, Barden R, Arnot T, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Multi-residue ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for comprehensive multi-class anthropogenic compounds of emerging concern analysis in a catchment-based exposure-driven study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7061-7086. [PMID: 31494686 PMCID: PMC6838033 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new multi-residue method for the quantification of more than 142 anthropogenic compounds of emerging concern (CECs) in various environmental matrices. These CECs are from a wide range of major classes including pharmaceuticals, household, industrial and agricultural. This method utilises ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for analysis of five matrices (three liquid and two solid) from wastewater treatment processes and the surrounding environment. Relative recoveries were predominantly between 80 and 120%; however, due to the complexity of the matrices used in this work, not all compounds were recovered in all matrices, from 138/142 analytes in surface water to 96/142 analytes in digested solids. Method quantification limits (MQLs) ranged from 0.004 ng L-1 (bisoprolol in surface water) to 3118 ng L-1 (creatinine in wastewater treatment work (WwTW) influent). The overall method accuracy was 107.0%, and precision was 13.4%. To test its performance, the method was applied to the range of environmental matrices at WwTWs in South West England. Overall, this method was found to be suitable for application in catchment-based exposure-driven studies, as, of the total number of analytes quantifiable in each matrix, 61% on average was found to be above their corresponding MQL. The results confirm the need for analysing both the liquid and solid compartments within a WwTW to prevent under-reporting of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7JG, UK
| | - Ruth Barden
- Wessex Water Services Ltd., Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7WW, UK
| | - Tom Arnot
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Rojo M, Álvarez-Muñoz D, Dománico A, Foti R, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Carriquiriborde P. Human pharmaceuticals in three major fish species from the Uruguay River (South America) with different feeding habits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:146-154. [PMID: 31146229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of 17 human pharmaceuticals (HPs) was investigated in the muscle of three fish species characteristic of the "Rio de la Plata Basin" with different feeding habits and of relevance for human consumption: Megaleporinus obtusidens, Salminus brasiliensis, and Prochilodus lineatus. Fish were sampled in fall and spring from 8 localities distributed along 500 Km of the Uruguay River. Atenolol and carbamazepine were the most frequently detected HPs (>50%), but at concentrations always below 1 μg/kg wet weight (w/w). Hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, venlafaxine, propranolol, codeine, and the carbamazepine metabolite, 2-hydroxycarbamazepine, were accumulated at higher levels showing maximum concentrations between 1 and 10 μg/kg (w/w), but infrequently (<50%). The other HPs were always below 1 μg/kg (w/w) and at frequencies lower than 50%. Distinctive accumulation patterns were observed among species at different trophic levels. However, biomagnification trends were not identified for any compound. The highest number and concentration of HPs were found in M. obtusidens (omnivorous), followed by P. lineatus (detritivorous), and lastly S. brasiliensis (piscivorous). The most recurrent HPs (i.e. carbamazepine and atenolol) were present in all species, but others exclusively in one. Geographical variations were only found for carbamazepine and atenolol in M. obtusidens and P. lineatus, showing higher concentrations in localities closer to the Rio de la Plata estuary. Differences in the HPs concentrations among seasons were not identified. Acceptable daily intake and predicted no effect concentrations would indicate that measured muscle concentrations in fish from the Uruguay River do not pose a serious risk for human consumption nowadays. Further studies will be necessary for assessing the potential adverse effects on studied fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Argentina
| | - D Álvarez-Muñoz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Spain
| | - A Dománico
- Comisión Administradora del Río Uruguay (CARU), Uruguay; Dirección de Pesca Continental- Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura de la Nación, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina
| | - R Foti
- Comisión Administradora del Río Uruguay (CARU), Uruguay; Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos, Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca del Uruguay, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Spain
| | - P Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Argentina; Comisión Administradora del Río Uruguay (CARU), Uruguay.
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Hossain MS, Kubec J, Grabicová K, Grabic R, Randák T, Guo W, Kouba A, Buřič M. Environmentally relevant concentrations of methamphetamine and sertraline modify the behavior and life history traits of an aquatic invertebrate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105222. [PMID: 31212248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are major contaminants of aquatic environments that show direct and indirect effects on aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the illicit drug methamphetamine and the antidepressant sertraline on clonal marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Crayfish exposed to the environmentally relevant concentrations of methamphetamine of ∼1 μg L-1 did not exhibit significant differences from unexposed controls in distance moved, velocity, and activity level with or without available shelter. Sertraline-exposed (∼1 μg L-1) crayfish were significantly more active, regardless of available shelter, and moved greater distances when shelter was available, compared to control crayfish. Crayfish exposed to methamphetamine and sertraline spent significantly more time outside the shelters compared to controls. Sertraline-exposed crayfish spawned more frequently and showed higher mortality than controls. The results suggest that the low environmental concentrations of the tested compounds could alter the behavior and life history traits of crayfish, resulting in higher reproductive effort and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhawate Hossain
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kubec
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Guo
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Burket SR, White M, Ramirez AJ, Stanley JK, Banks KE, Waller WT, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Corbicula fluminea rapidly accumulate pharmaceuticals from an effluent dependent urban stream. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:873-883. [PMID: 30856403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater bivalve populations are stressed by watershed development at the global scale. Though pharmaceuticals released from wastewater treatment plant effluent discharges are increasingly reported to bioaccumulate in fish, an understanding of bioaccumulation in bivalves is less defined. In the present study, we examined accumulation of 12 target pharmaceuticals in C. fluminea during a 42 day in situ study in Pecan Creek, an effluent dependent wadeable stream in north central Texas, USA. Caged clams were placed at increasing distances (5 m, 643 m, 1762 m) downstream from a municipal effluent discharge and then subsampled on study days 7, 14, 28 and 42. Acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, desmethylsertraline, and methylphenidate were identified in C. fluminea whole body tissue homogenates via isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tissue concentrations ranged from low μg/kg (methylphenidate) to 341 μg/kg (sertraline). By study day 7, rapid and apparent pseudo-steady state accumulation of study compounds was observed in clams; this observation continued throughout the 42 d study. Notably, elevated bioaccumulation factors (L/kg) for sertraline were observed between 3361 and 6845, which highlights the importance of developing predictive bioaccumulation models for ionizable contaminants with bivalves. Future research is also necessary to understand different routes of exposure and elimination kinetics for pharmaceutical accumulation in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mendie White
- Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 704 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro J Ramirez
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jacob K Stanley
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - W Thomas Waller
- Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 704 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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65
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Danner MC, Robertson A, Behrends V, Reiss J. Antibiotic pollution in surface fresh waters: Occurrence and effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:793-804. [PMID: 30763859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, antibiotic usage exceeds 100,000 tons per year and there is increasing concern over the fate of these substances. Antibiotics are ubiquitous in the environment and significant concentrations have been detected in fresh waters. In this review, we highlight important aspects of antibiotic pollution in fresh waters: that concentrations of antibiotics in the environment are substantial, that micro-organisms are susceptible to this, that bacteria can evolve resistance in the environment, and that antibiotic pollution affects natural food webs while interacting with other stressors; which taken together poses a number of challenges for environmental scientists. In the literature, we found examples of considerable antibiotic pollution in fresh waters. In the Americas, antibiotic concentrations of up to 15 μg/L have been measured; with higher concentrations reported from European and African studies (over 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L respectively), and in Asian-pacific countries concentrations over 450 μg/L have been detected. While these concentrations might not be deemed harmful to humans, non-target freshwater organisms could be affected by them. Bioassays show that some of the antibiotics found in surface waters affect microbes at concentrations below 10 μg/L. Among the most potent antibiotics are those that prevail in streams and rivers in these concentrations, such as ciprofloxacin. Sub-lethal concentrations might not kill prokaryotes but contribute to increased bacterial resistance and change the composition of single-celled communities, as demonstrated in laboratory experiments. This has implications for the microbial food web (e.g. interactions among and between bacteria and their protozoan consumers) and by extension, larger organisms and ecosystem health. The fact that the effects of antibiotics are extremely context-dependent represents a challenge, particularly for in vitro research. We suggest future research avenues, taking into account food web experiments, antibiotics interacting with one another (and other stressors) and discuss how these can help to answer multi-layered research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Danner
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, Roehampton University, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Robertson
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, Roehampton University, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Behrends
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, Roehampton University, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Reiss
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, Roehampton University, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
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Pico Y, Belenguer V, Corcellas C, Diaz-Cruz MS, Eljarrat E, Farré M, Gago-Ferrero P, Huerta B, Navarro-Ortega A, Petrovic M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater L, Santín G, Barcelo D. Contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater fish from four Spanish Rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1186-1198. [PMID: 31096332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of 135 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) - pharmaceuticals, pesticides, a set of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) (parabens, bisphenols, hormones, triazoles, organophosphorus flame retardants and triclosan), UV-filters, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) - in 59 fish samples, collected in 2010 in 4 Spanish Rivers (Guadalquivir, Júcar, Ebro and Llobregat). Of the 135 CECs, 76 including 8 pharmaceuticals, 25 pesticides, 10 EDCs, 5 UV-filters, 15 PFASs and 13 HFRs were detected. Pharmaceuticals were the less frequently found and at lower concentrations. Pesticides, EDCs, UV-filters, PFASs and HFRs were detected more frequently (>50% of the samples). The maximum concentrations were 15 ng/g dry weight (dw) for pharmaceuticals (diclofenac), 840 ng/g dw for pesticides (chlorpyrifos), 224 ng/g dw for EDCs (bisphenol A), 242 ng/g dw for UV-filters (EHMC), 1738 ng/g dw for PFASs (PFHxA) and 64 ng/g dw for HFRs (Dec 602). The contaminants detected in fish are commonly detected also in sediments. In light of current knowledge, the risk assessment revealed that there was no risk for humans related to the exposure to CECs via freshwater fish consumption. However, results provide detailed information on the mixtures of CECs accumulated that would be very useful to identify their effects on aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pico
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) Joint Centre University of Valencia-CSIC-Generalitat Valencian, Moncada-Náquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - V Belenguer
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) Joint Centre University of Valencia-CSIC-Generalitat Valencian, Moncada-Náquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Corcellas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M S Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Farré
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Ortega
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Lluis Company 25, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - L Sabater
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Santín
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barcelo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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McCallum ES, Lindberg RH, Andersson PL, Brodin T. Stability and uptake of methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in nine-spine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) and water louse (Asellus aquaticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9371-9378. [PMID: 30805842 PMCID: PMC6469618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of human pharmaceuticals in the environment has garnered significant research attention because these compounds may exert therapeutic effects on exposed wildlife. Yet, for many compounds, there is still little research documenting their stability in the water column and uptake in organism tissues. Here, we measured the uptake and stability of methylphenidate (Ritalin®, a frequently prescribed central nervous system stimulant) and its primary metabolite, ritalinic acid, in (1) water only or (2) with nine-spine stickleback and water louse. Methylphenidate degraded to ritalinic acid in both studies faster at a higher temperature (20 °C versus 10 °C), with concentrations of ritalinic acid surpassing methylphenidate after 48-100 h, depending on temperature. The concentration of methylphenidate in stickleback was highest at the first sampling point (60 min), while the concentration in water louse tissues reached comparatively higher levels and peaked after ~ 6 days. Neither stickleback nor water louse took up ritalinic acid in tissues despite being present in the water column. Our findings provide valuable data for use in future risk assessment of methylphenidate and will aid in the design of studies aimed at measuring any ecotoxicological effects on, for example, the behaviour or physiology of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S McCallum
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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68
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Lagesson A, Saaristo M, Brodin T, Fick J, Klaminder J, Martin JM, Wong BBM. Fish on steroids: Temperature-dependent effects of 17β-trenbolone on predator escape, boldness, and exploratory behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:243-252. [PMID: 30423539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal growth promoters (HGPs), widely used in beef cattle production globally, make their way into the environment as agricultural effluent-with potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. One HPG of particular concern is 17β-trenbolone, which is persistent in freshwater habitats and can affect the development, morphology and reproductive behaviors of aquatic organisms. Despite this, few studies have investigated impacts of 17β-trenbolone on non-reproductive behaviors linked to growth and survival, like boldness and predator avoidance. None consider the interaction between 17β-trenbolone and other environmental stressors, such as temperature, although environmental challenges confronting animals in the wild seldom, if ever, occur in isolation. Accordingly, this study aimed to test the interactive effects of trenbolone and temperature on organismal behavior. To do this, eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were subjected to an environmentally-relevant concentration of 17β-trenbolone (average measured concentration 3.0 ± 0.2 ng/L) or freshwater (i.e. control) for 21 days under one of two temperatures (20 and 30 °C), after which the predator escape, boldness and exploration behavior of fish were tested. Predator escape behavior was assayed by subjecting fish to a simulated predator strike, while boldness and exploration were assessed in a separate maze experiment. We found that trenbolone exposure increased boldness behavior. Interestingly, some behavioral effects of trenbolone depended on temperature, sex, or both. Specifically, significant effects of trenbolone on male predator escape behavior were only noted at 30 °C, with males becoming less reactive to the simulated threat. Further, in the maze experiment, trenbolone-exposed fish explored the maze faster than control fish, but only at 20 °C. We conclude that field detected concentrations of 17β-trenbolone can impact ecologically important behaviors of fish, and such effects can be temperature dependent. Such findings underscore the importance of considering the potentially interactive effects of other environmental stressors when investigating behavioral effects of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lagesson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - M Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Academy University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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69
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Oxazepam Alters the Behavior of Crayfish at Diluted Concentrations, Venlafaxine Does Not. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are only partially removed from wastewaters and hence may be major contaminants of freshwaters. Direct and indirect effects on aquatic organisms are reported at dilute concentrations. This study was focused on the possible effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (~1 µg L−1) of two psychoactive compounds on the behavior of freshwater crayfish. Experimental animals exposed to venlafaxine did not show any behavioral alteration. Crayfish exposed to the benzodiazepine oxazepam exhibited a significant alteration in the distance moved and activity, and the effects were different when individuals were ready for reproduction. Results suggested that even the low concentration of selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals could alter the behavioral patterns of crayfish, as reported for other pharmaceuticals. These results provide new information about the possible adverse effects of pharmaceuticals at dilute concentrations. From previous knowledge and our results, it is obvious that different compounds have different effects and the effects are even specific for different taxa. Detailed studies are therefore needed to assess the possible ecological consequences of particular substances, as well as for their mixtures.
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70
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Jonsson M, Andersson M, Fick J, Brodin T, Klaminder J, Piovano S. High-speed imaging reveals how antihistamine exposure affects escape behaviours in aquatic insect prey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1257-1262. [PMID: 30340271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic systems receive a wide range of pharmaceuticals that may have adverse impacts on aquatic wildlife. Among these pharmaceuticals, antihistamines are commonly found, and these substances have the potential to influence the physiology of aquatic invertebrates. Previous studies have focused on how antihistamines may affect behaviours of aquatic invertebrates, but these studies probably do not capture the full consequences of antihistamine exposure, as traditional recording techniques do not capture important animal movements occurring at the scale of milliseconds, such as prey escape responses. In this study, we investigated if antihistamine exposure can impact escape responses in aquatic insect, by exposing damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) larvae to two environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg L-1) of diphenhydramine. Importantly, we used a high-speed imaging approach that with high-time resolution captures details of escape responses and, thus, potential impacts of diphenhydramine on these behaviours. Our results show overall weak effects of antihistamine exposure on the escape behaviours of damselfly larvae. However, at stage 2 of the C-escape response, we found a significant increase in turning angle, which corresponds to a reduced swimming velocity, indicating a reduced success at evading a predator attack. Thus, we show that low concentrations of an antihistamine may affect behaviours strongly related to fitness of aquatic insect prey - effects that would have been overlooked using traditional recording techniques. Hence, to understand the full consequences of pharmaceutical contamination on aquatic wildlife, high-speed imaging should be incorporated into future environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
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71
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Nilsen E, Smalling KL, Ahrens L, Gros M, Miglioranza KSB, Picó Y, Schoenfuss HL. Critical review: Grand challenges in assessing the adverse effects of contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:46-60. [PMID: 30294805 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the past few decades in understanding the sources, transport, fate, and biological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic ecosystems. Despite these advancements, significant obstacles still prevent comprehensive assessments of the environmental risks associated with the presence of CECs. Many of these obstacles center around the extrapolation of effects of single chemicals observed in the laboratory or effects found in individual organisms or species in the field to impacts of multiple stressors on aquatic food webs. In the present review, we identify 5 challenges that must be addressed to promote studies of CECs from singular exposure events to multispecies aquatic food web interactions. There needs to be: 1) more detailed information on the complexity of mixtures of CECs in the aquatic environment, 2) a greater understanding of the sublethal effects of CECs on a wide range of aquatic organisms, 3) an ascertaining of the biological consequences of variable duration CEC exposures within and across generations in aquatic species, 4) a linkage of multiple stressors with CEC exposure in aquatic systems, and 5) a documenting of the trophic consequences of CEC exposure across aquatic food webs. We examine the current literature to show how these challenges can be addressed to fill knowledge gaps. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:46-60. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nilsen
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Pollution, Mar del Plata University, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group, Center of Research on Desertification (CIDe), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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72
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Martín J, Hidalgo F, García-Corcoles MT, Ibáñez-Yuste AJ, Alonso E, Vilchez JL, Zafra-Gómez A. Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in marine echinoderms: Results of laboratory-scale experiments with Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:261-271. [PMID: 30317097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was assessed using the marine echinoderm Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791. Batch experiments were conducted to establish the relationship between concentrations in water, sediment and biota over 197 days. The sample treatment for the determination of compounds involves steps of lyophilization, solvent extraction and clean-up of the extracts with dispersive sorbents. PFAS were then analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During contaminant exposure, detectable levels of compounds were found in all samples collected. Mean concentrations of selected PFAS were higher in sediments than in water samples. This fact is explained by the strong adsorption of these compounds into sediments. Sediment-water distribution coefficients (log Kd) were in the range 0.11 (PFBuA) to 2.46 (PFOA). Beside this, PFAS accumulation was observed in Holothuria tubulosa organisms. The uptake of PFAS was very rapid, reaching the maximum between 22 and 38 days of assay. Bioaccumulation factors (mean log BAF: 1.16-4.39) and biota sediment accumulation factors (mean log BSAF: 1.37-2.89) indicated a high bioaccumulation potential for the target compounds. Both parameters increased with perfluoroalkyl chain length (R2 > 0.93; p < 0.05). In organ-specific distributions of PFAS, greater concentrations were found in intestine than in gonads. Also, male specimens showed higher concentration levels than female (student t-test: tcal = 2.788, ttab = 2.262; p < 0.05). These data provide a detailed accounting of PFAS fate and distribution in the marine environment highlighting accumulation at lower trophic levels, a potential source for contamination in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix Hidalgo
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Corcoles
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro José Ibáñez-Yuste
- Agriculture and Fisheries Management Agency of Andalusia (AGAPA), Administrative Central Services, Av. of Greece s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Vilchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
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73
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Zhu M, Zhao H, Chen J, Xie H, Du J. Investigation of antibiotics in sea cucumbers: occurrence, pollution characteristics, and human risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32081-32087. [PMID: 30218335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and distribution of 24 antibiotics from 7 categories were screened in sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) collected from different coastal regions of China. The samples were simultaneously extracted and purified using accelerated solvent extraction with in-cell clean-up and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of ten antibiotics were detected in the sea cucumbers with concentrations ranging from not detected to 32.8 μg/kg (dry weight). Sulfonamides are predominant antibiotics with a mean concentration of 11.5 μg/kg (dry weight), followed by macrolides (11.3 μg/kg, dry weight) and fluoroquinolones (11.2 μg/kg, dry weight). High concentrations of the antibiotics were found in the samples from the South China Sea, implying that the antibiotic pollution in sea cucumbers was geographical region-dependent, which was further confirmed by principal component analysis. It was also found that the antibiotic levels are slightly higher in instant sea cucumbers than in the dried ones. Hazard quotient calculation suggested no obvious human health risks associated with the consumption of sea cucumbers regarding antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Huaijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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74
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Haddad SP, Luek A, Scott WC, Saari GN, Burket SR, Kristofco LA, Corrales J, Rasmussen JB, Chambliss CK, Luers M, Rogers C, Brooks BW. Spatio-temporal bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of ionizable pharmaceuticals in a semi-arid urban river influenced by snowmelt. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:231-240. [PMID: 30036753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms is increasingly reported in the peer-reviewed literature. However, seasonal instream dynamics including occurrence and bioaccumulation across trophic positions are rarely studied, particularly in semiarid streams with flows influenced by seasonal snowmelt and municipal effluent discharges. Thus, we selected East Canyon Creek in Park City, Utah, USA to examine spatio-temporal bioaccumulation of select ionizable pharmaceuticals across trophic positions using trophic magnification factors calculated at incremental distances (0.15, 1.4, 13 miles) downstream from a municipal effluent discharge during spring (May), Summer (August), and fall (October). Nine target analytes were detected in all species during all sampling events. Trophic dilution was consistently observed for amitriptyline, caffeine, diphenhydramine, diltiazem, fluoxetine, and sertraline, regardless of seasonal instream flows or distance from effluent discharge. Calculated TMFs ranged from 0.01-0.71 with negative slopes observed for all regressions of chemical residue in tissue and trophic position. We further presents the first empirical investigation of normalizing pharmaceutical concentrations to lipid, phospholipid or protein fractions using pair matched fish samples. Empirical results identify that normalization of ionizable pharmaceutical residues in aquatic tissues to neutral lipids, polar lipids, or the total protein fraction is inappropriate, though bioaccumulation studies examining influences of internal partitioning (e.g., plasma proteins) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Andreas Luek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - W Casan Scott
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Joseph B Rasmussen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Michael Luers
- Snyderville Basin Water Reclamation District, Park City, UT, USA
| | | | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
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75
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Awfa D, Ateia M, Fujii M, Johnson MS, Yoshimura C. Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water treatment using carbonaceous-TiO 2 composites: A critical review of recent literature. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:26-45. [PMID: 29859390 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) that found in water in many locations are of concern. Among the available water treatment methods, heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 is an emerging and viable technology to overcome the occurrence of PPCP in natural and waste water. The combination of carbonaceous materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets) with TiO2, a recent development, gives significantly improved performance. In this article, we present a critical review of the development and fabrication of carbonaceous-TiO2 and its application to PPCP removal including its influence on water chemistry, and the relevant operational parameters. Finally, we present an analysis of current priorities in the ongoing research and development of carbonaceous-TiO2 for the photodegradation of PPCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Awfa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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76
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Scott TM, Phillips PJ, Kolpin DW, Colella KM, Furlong ET, Foreman WT, Gray JL. Pharmaceutical manufacturing facility discharges can substantially increase the pharmaceutical load to U.S. wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:69-79. [PMID: 29704718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Discharges from pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities (PMFs) previously have been identified as important sources of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Yet few studies are available to establish the influence of PMFs on the pharmaceutical source contribution to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and waterways at the national scale. Consequently, a national network of 13 WWTPs receiving PMF discharges, six WWTPs with no PMF input, and one WWTP that transitioned through a PMF closure were selected from across the United States to assess the influence of PMF inputs on pharmaceutical loading to WWTPs. Effluent samples were analyzed for 120 pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical degradates. Of these, 33 pharmaceuticals had concentrations substantially higher in PMF-influenced effluent (maximum 555,000 ng/L) compared to effluent from control sites (maximum 175 ng/L). Concentrations in WWTP receiving PMF input are variable, as discharges from PMFs are episodic, indicating that production activities can vary substantially over relatively short (several months) periods and have the potential to rapidly transition to other pharmaceutical products. Results show that PMFs are an important, national-scale source of pharmaceuticals to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia-Marie Scott
- U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
| | | | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, 400 S. Clinton Street, Rm 269 Federal Building, Iowa City, IA 52240, United States.
| | - Kaitlyn M Colella
- U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Building 95, Denver, CO 80225, United States.
| | - William T Foreman
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Building 95, Denver, CO 80225, United States.
| | - James L Gray
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Building 95, Denver, CO 80225, United States.
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77
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Mezzelani M, Gorbi S, Regoli F. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environments: Evidence of emerged threat and future challenges for marine organisms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:41-60. [PMID: 29859717 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are nowadays recognized as a threat for aquatic ecosystems. The growing consumption of these compounds and the enhancement of human health in the past two decades have been paralleled by the continuous input of such biologically active molecules in natural environments. Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as a major route for release of pharmaceuticals in aquatic bodies where concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L are ubiquitously detected. Since medicines principles are designed to be effective at very low concentrations, they have the potential to interfere with biochemical and physiological processes of aquatic species over their entire life cycle. Investigations on occurrence, bioaccumulation and effects in non target organisms are fragmentary, particularly for marine ecosystems, and related to only a limited number over the 4000 substances classified as pharmaceuticals: hence, there is a urgent need to prioritize the environmental sustainability of the most relevant compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the main adverse effects documented for marine species exposed in both field and laboratory conditions to different classes of pharmaceuticals including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychiatric, cardiovascular, hypocholesterolaemic drugs, steroid hormones and antibiotics. Despite a great scientific advancement has been achieved, our knowledge is still limited on pharmaceuticals behavior in chemical mixtures, as well as their interactions with other environmental stressors. Complex ecotoxicological effects are increasingly documented and multidisciplinary, integrated approaches will be helpful to clarify the environmental hazard of these "emerged" pollutants in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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78
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Saaristo M, Brodin T, Balshine S, Bertram MG, Brooks BW, Ehlman SM, McCallum ES, Sih A, Sundin J, Wong BBM, Arnold KE. Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1297. [PMID: 30135169 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical contaminants (e.g. metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals) are changing ecosystems via effects on wildlife. Indeed, recent work explicitly performed under environmentally realistic conditions reveals that chemical contaminants can have both direct and indirect effects at multiple levels of organization by influencing animal behaviour. Altered behaviour reflects multiple physiological changes and links individual- to population-level processes, thereby representing a sensitive tool for holistically assessing impacts of environmentally relevant contaminant concentrations. Here, we show that even if direct effects of contaminants on behavioural responses are reasonably well documented, there are significant knowledge gaps in understanding both the plasticity (i.e. individual variation) and evolution of contaminant-induced behavioural changes. We explore implications of multi-level processes by developing a conceptual framework that integrates direct and indirect effects on behaviour under environmentally realistic contexts. Our framework illustrates how sublethal behavioural effects of contaminants can be both negative and positive, varying dynamically within the same individuals and populations. This is because linkages within communities will act indirectly to alter and even magnify contaminant-induced effects. Given the increasing pressure on wildlife and ecosystems from chemical pollution, we argue there is a need to incorporate existing knowledge in ecology and evolution to improve ecological hazard and risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, TX, USA
| | - Sean M Ehlman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erin S McCallum
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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79
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Miller TH, Bury NR, Owen SF, MacRae JI, Barron LP. A review of the pharmaceutical exposome in aquatic fauna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:129-146. [PMID: 29653304 PMCID: PMC5981000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been considered 'contaminants of emerging concern' for more than 20 years. In that time, many laboratory studies have sought to identify hazard and assess risk in the aquatic environment, whilst field studies have searched for targeted candidates and occurrence trends using advanced analytical techniques. However, a lack of a systematic approach to the detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals has provided a fragmented literature of serendipitous approaches. Evaluation of the extent of the risk for the plethora of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals available requires the reliable measurement of trace levels of contaminants across different environmental compartments (water, sediment, biota - of which biota has been largely neglected). The focus on pharmaceutical concentrations in surface waters and other exposure media have therefore limited both the characterisation of the exposome in aquatic wildlife and the understanding of cause and effect relationships. Here, we compile the current analytical approaches and available occurrence and accumulation data in biota to review the current state of research in the field. Our analysis provides evidence in support of the 'Matthew Effect' and raises critical questions about the use of targeted analyte lists for biomonitoring. We provide six recommendations to stimulate and improve future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Miller
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicolas R Bury
- Faculty of Science, Health and Technology, University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP3 0FS, UK; Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Leon P Barron
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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80
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Pohl J, Björlenius B, Brodin T, Carlsson G, Fick J, Larsson DGJ, Norrgren L, Örn S. Effects of ozonated sewage effluent on reproduction and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:93-101. [PMID: 29729477 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues and other micro-contaminants may enter aquatic environments through effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and could cause adverse effects in wild fish. One strategy to alleviate this situation is to improve wastewater treatment by ozonation. To test the effectiveness of full-scale wastewater effluent ozonation at a Swedish municipal STP, the added removal efficiency was measured for 105 pharmaceuticals. In addition, gene expression, reproductive and behavioral endpoints were analyzed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed on-site over 21 days to ozonated or non-ozonated effluents as well as to tap water. Ozone treatment (7 g O3/m3) removed pharmaceuticals by an average efficiency of 77% in addition to the conventional treatment, leaving 11 screened pharmaceuticals above detection limits. Differences in biological responses of the exposure treatments were recorded in gene expression, reproduction and behavior. Hepatic vitellogenin gene expression was higher in male zebrafish exposed to the ozonated effluent compared to the non-ozonated effluent and tap water treatments. The reproductive success was higher in fish exposed to ozonated effluent compared to non-ozonated effluent and to tap water. The behavioral measurements showed that fish exposed to the ozonated STP effluent were less active in swimming the first minute after placed in a novel vessel. Ozonation is a capable method for removing pharmaceuticals in effluents. However, its implementation should be thoroughly evaluated for any potential biological impact. Future research is needed for uncovering the factors which produced the in vivo responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Berndt Björlenius
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leif Norrgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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81
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Naghdi M, Taheran M, Brar SK, Kermanshahi-Pour A, Verma M, Surampalli RY. Removal of pharmaceutical compounds in water and wastewater using fungal oxidoreductase enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:190-213. [PMID: 29175684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to recalcitrance of some pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), conventional wastewater treatment is not able to remove them effectively. Therefore, their occurrence in surface water and potential environmental impact has raised serious global concern. Biological transformation of these contaminants using white-rot fungi (WRF) and their oxidoreductase enzymes has been proposed as a low cost and environmentally friendly solution for water treatment. The removal performance of PhACs by a fungal culture is dependent on several factors, such as fungal species, the secreted enzymes, molecular structure of target compounds, culture medium composition, etc. In recent 20 years, numerous researchers tried to elucidate the removal mechanisms and the effects of important operational parameters such as temperature and pH on the enzymatic treatment of PhACs. This review summarizes and analyzes the studies performed on PhACs removal from spiked pure water and real wastewaters using oxidoreductase enzymes and the data related to degradation efficiencies of the most studied compounds. The review also offers an insight into enzymes immobilization, fungal reactors, mediators, degradation mechanisms and transformation products (TPs) of PhACs. In brief, higher hydrophobicity and having electron-donating groups, such as amine and hydroxyl in molecular structure leads to more effective degradation of PhACs by fungal cultures. For recalcitrant compounds, using redox mediators, such as syringaldehyde increases the degradation efficiency, however they may cause toxicity in the effluent and deactivate the enzyme. Immobilization of enzymes on supports can enhance the performance of enzyme in terms of reusability and stability. However, the immobilization strategy should be carefully selected to reduce the cost and enable regeneration. Still, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enzymatic degradation and the toxicity levels of TPs and also to optimize the whole treatment strategy to have economical and technical competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Naghdi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Taheran
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, B3J 1Z1, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mausam Verma
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, P.O. Box 14354, Lenexa, KS 66285, USA
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82
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Wilkinson JL, Hooda PS, Swinden J, Barker J, Barton S. Spatial (bio)accumulation of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, plasticisers, perfluorinated compounds and metabolites in river sediment, aquatic plants and benthic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:864-875. [PMID: 29248854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and other emerging contaminants (ECs) are known to persist in the aquatic environment and many are indicated as endocrine, epigenetic, or other toxicants. Typically, the study of PPCPs/ECs in the aquatic environment is limited to their occurrence dissolved in river water. In this study, accumulation and spatial distribution of thirteen PPCPs/ECs were assessed in aquatic sediment (n = 23), periphyton (biofilm, n = 8), plants Callitriche sp. (n = 8) and Potamogeton sp. (n = 7) as well as amphipod crustaceans (Gammarus pulex, n = 10) and aquatic snails (Bithynia tentaculata, n = 9). All samples (n = 65) were collected from the Hogsmill, Blackwater and Bourne Rivers in southern England. Targeted PPCPs/ECs included pharmaceuticals, plasticisers, perfluorinated compounds, illicit drugs and metabolites. Extraction from solid matrices occurred using ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by an in-house validated method for solid-phase extraction and subsequent liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Field-derived bioconcentration-factors and biota-sediment accumulation-factors were determined for all studied biota. Residues of studied contaminants were found in all sediment and biota. Concentrations of contaminants were generally higher in biota than sediment. Evidence suggests that the studied aquatic plants may effectively degrade bisphenol-A into its main transformation product hydroxyacetophenone, potentially mediated by cytochrome p450 and internalisation of contaminants into the cellular vacuole. A positive association between both hydrophobicity and PFC chain length and contaminant accumulation was observed in this work. Only PFCs, plasticisers and HAP were classified as either 'bioaccumulative' or 'very bioaccumulative' using BCF criteria established by guidelines of four governments. Contaminants appeared to be differentially bioaccumulative in biota, indicating there may be a need for a species-specific BCF/BSAF classification system. These data form a detailed accounting of PPCP/EC fate and distribution in the aquatic environment highlighting accumulation at lower trophic levels, a potential source for higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wilkinson
- School of Natural and Built Environments, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK; Environment Department, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Peter S Hooda
- School of Natural and Built Environments, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Julian Swinden
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Stephen Barton
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
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83
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Lagesson A, Brodin T, Fahlman J, Fick J, Jonsson M, Persson J, Byström P, Klaminder J. No evidence of increased growth or mortality in fish exposed to oxazepam in semi-natural ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:608-614. [PMID: 28988097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of short-term laboratory studies on fish reports behavioral effects from exposure to aquatic contaminants or raised carbon dioxide levels affecting the GABAA receptor. However, how such GABAergic behavioral modifications (GBMs) impact populations in more complex natural systems is not known. In this study, we induced GBMs in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) via exposure to a GABA agonist (oxazepam) and followed the effects on growth and survival over one summer (70days) in replicated pond ecosystems. We hypothesized that anticipated GBMs, expressed as anti-anxiety like behaviors (higher activity and boldness levels), that increase feeding rates in laboratory assays, would; i) increase growth and ii) increase mortality from predation. To test our hypotheses, 480 PIT tagged perch of known individual weights, and 12 predators (northern pike, Esox lucius) were evenly distributed in 12 ponds; six control (no oxazepam) and six spiked (15.5±4μgl-1 oxazepam [mean±1S.E.]) ponds. Contrary to our hypotheses, even though perch grew on average 16% more when exposed to oxazepam, we found no significant difference between exposed and control fish in growth (exposed: 3.9±1.2g, control: 2.9±1g [mean±1S.E.], respectively) or mortality (exposed: 26.5±1.8individuals pond-1, control: 24.5±2.6individuals pond-1, respectively). In addition, we show that reduced prey capture efficiency in exposed pike may explain the lack of significant differences in predation. Hence, our results suggest that GBMs, which in laboratory studies impact fish behavior, and subsequently also feeding rates, do not seem to generate strong effects on growth and predation-risk in more complex and resource limited natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lagesson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fahlman
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Persson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Byström
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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84
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Ning Y, Liu L, Rong G, Cao X, Li J, Su Y, Zhou D. Study on the influential biochemical indices of Cd(II) on Eisenia fetida in oxidative stress by principal component analysis in the natural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4268-4278. [PMID: 29178017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the aggravation of heavy metal pollution in soil, the individual heavy metal content monitoring cannot predict the true effects of harmful substances on the ecosystems. Thus, the effective biological evaluation system should be established to assess the pollution risk caused by heavy metal. Earthworms are widely distributed in the soil, and at the bottom of the food chain, the changes of biochemical indices play an important role in the early warning for heavy metal pollution. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical method that derives several independent principal components from the original variable based on retaining the information as much as possible. This paper is aimed at finding out and analyzing the key monitoring factors related to Cd2+ on the earthworm Eisenia fetida in oxidative stress. The Cd2+ stress concentrations were set at 0, 1, 10, 20, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg-1, and the post-clitellum segment of earthworm was chosen to determine TP, POD, SOD, GST, GPX, CAT, MDA, VE, and AChE. The results showed that the main bioindicators associated with oxidative stress reaction were GST, POD, and MDA at the exposure time of 10 days; at 20 days GPX, MDA, and AChE; at 30 days CAT, TP, and GPX; CAT, MDA, and SOD at 40th day. These results indicated that PCA can quickly, effectively, directly, and scientifically select biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by Cd and improve the accuracy and scientificity of earthworm as a biomarker in monitoring and early warning for heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Ning
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Publicity and United Front Work Department, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guohua Rong
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ye Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongxing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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85
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Koba O, Grabicova K, Cerveny D, Turek J, Kolarova J, Randak T, Zlabek V, Grabic R. Transport of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites between water and sediments as a further potential exposure for aquatic organisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:401-407. [PMID: 28854392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although pharmaceuticals are frequently studied contaminants, their fate in the environment is still not completely clear. During a one year study, a complex approach including water, sediment and fish sampling was used to describe the behaviour of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites (PTMs) in the environment. Eighteen pharmaceuticals and seven of their metabolites were determined in a pond used for the tertiary treatment of wastewater effluent. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to determine the PTMs concentrations in all matrices. Seasonal variations in concentrations were evaluated. The partitioning of contaminants between pond compartments was estimated by means of solid water distribution coefficients (Kd) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) for the livers of fish. Kd values were almost stable throughout the year, which may be a sign of the continuous transport of PTMs between water and sediment under the experimental conditions. Almost all of the studied compounds, with exception of sertraline (BAF of 6200), were found to not be bioaccumulative in fish livers. The pond removal efficiency was calculated for all PTMs, and favourable conditions for natural pharmaceutical removal were proposed. Further aspects regarding fish pharmaceutical exposure need to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koba
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Grabicova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolarova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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86
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Aminot Y, Fuster L, Pardon P, Le Menach K, Budzinski H. Suspended solids moderate the degradation and sorption of waste water-derived pharmaceuticals in estuarine waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:39-48. [PMID: 28850851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the fate of pharmaceuticals discharged into an estuarine environment, particularly into the Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ). Batch experiments were set up to investigate the factors regulating the degradation of 53 selected pharmaceuticals. Treated effluents from Bordeaux city (France) were mixed with water from the estuarine Garonne River during 4weeks under 6 characterized conditions in order to assess the influence of suspended particulates, sterilization, untreated wastewater input and dilution on the degradation kinetics. Of the 53 pharmaceuticals monitored, 43 were quantified at the initial time. Only 7 exhibited a persistent behavior (e.g. carbamazepine, meprobamate) while biotic degradation was shown to be the main attenuation process for 38 molecules (e.g. abacavir, ibuprofen highly degradable). Degradation was significantly enhanced by increasing concentrations of suspended solids. A persistence index based on the half-lives of the compounds has been calculated for each of the 43 pharmaceuticals to provide a practical estimate of their relative stability. The stability of pharmaceuticals in estuarine environments is likely to be highly variable and attenuated primarily by changes in suspended solid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aminot
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Laura Fuster
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Pardon
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33400 Talence, France.
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87
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Meador JP, Yeh A, Gallagher EP. Determining potential adverse effects in marine fish exposed to pharmaceuticals and personal care products with the fish plasma model and whole-body tissue concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:1018-1029. [PMID: 28764109 PMCID: PMC5595653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fish Plasma Model (FPM) was applied to water exposure and tissue concentrations in fish collected from two wastewater treatment plant impacted estuarine sites. In this study we compared predicted fish plasma concentrations to Cmax values for humans, which represents the maximum plasma concentration for the minimum therapeutic dose. The results of this study show that predictions of plasma concentrations for a variety of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from effluent concentrations resulted in 37 compounds (54%) exceeding the response ratio (RR = Fish [Plasma]/1%Cmaxtotal) of 1 compared to 3 compounds (14%) detected with values generated with estuarine receiving water concentrations. When plasma concentrations were modeled from observed whole-body tissue residues, 16 compounds out of 24 detected for Chinook (67%) and 7 of 14 (50%) for sculpin resulted in an RRtissue value greater than 1, which highlights the importance of this dose metric over that using estuarine water. Because the tissue residue approach resulted in a high percentage of compounds with calculated response ratios exceeding a value of unity, we believe this is a more accurate representation for exposure in the field. Predicting plasma concentrations from tissue residues improves our ability to assess the potential for adverse effects in fish because exposure from all sources is captured. Tissue residues are also more likely to represent steady-state conditions compared to those from water exposure because of the inherent reduction in variability usually observed for field data and the time course for bioaccumulation. We also examined the RR in a toxic unit approach to highlight the importance of considering multiple compounds exhibiting a similar mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Andrew Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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88
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Garcia-Galan MJ, Sordet M, Buleté A, Garric J, Vulliet E. Evaluation of the influence of surfactants in the bioaccumulation kinetics of sulfamethoxazole and oxazepam in benthic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:554-564. [PMID: 28342560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential ecotoxicological effects of mixtures of contaminants in the aquatic environment are generating a global concern. Benthic invertebrates, such as the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, are key in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and are frequently used as sentinel species of water quality status. The aim of this work was to study the effects of a mixture of the most frequently detected surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of two pharmaceuticals in G. fossarum, evaluating their potential enhancing or suppressing effects. Laboratory exposure experiments for both pharmaceuticals and surfactants (concentration ratio 1:25) were set up for two individual compounds, the anxiolytic oxazepam and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Gammarid samples were processed using microQuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction. Pharmaceuticals concentration in the organisms was followed-up by means of nanoliquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Results indicated a similar mode of action of the surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of both drugs, decreasing the accumulation rate in the organism. Oxazepam showed a higher accumulation potential than sulfamethoxazole in all cases. Depuration experiments for oxazepam also demonstrated the high depurative capacity of gammarids, eliminating >50% of the concentration of oxazepam in <6h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Garcia-Galan
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; GEMMA, Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Martin Sordet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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89
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Bassuney D, Tawfik A. Baffled duckweed pond system for treatment of agricultural drainage water containing pharmaceuticals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:774-780. [PMID: 28156132 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1284756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the efficiency of a novel bioremediation system namely baffled duckweed pond (BDWP) system for the treatment of agricultural drainage water containing pharmaceuticals at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The removal efficiencies of acetaminophen (ACT), amoxicillin (AMX), and ampicillin (AMP) increased from 69.3 ± 8.6 to 87.3 ± 3.5%, from 52.9 ± 9.4 to 82.9 ± 5.2%, and from 55.3 ± 7.9 to 90.6 ± 2.8% at increasing the HRT from 6 to 8 days, respectively. However, ACT, AMX, and AMP removal efficiencies were slightly improved at increasing the HRT from 8 to 12 days. Diclofenac (DFC) removal efficiencies amounted to 56.6 ± 11.6, 55.7 ± 11.9, and 28.3 ± 12.9% at an HRTs of 12, 8, and 6 days, respectively. The results showed no relationship between the uptake/absorption of pharmaceuticals fractions and BOD5/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio except ACT where R2 was 0.84. The effect of COD/N ratio on the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals fractions was slight. Additional removal of pharmaceuticals fractions and nitrification occurred in carrier sponge media situated in the last compartment of the BDWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Bassuney
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-Just) , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-Just) , Alexandria , Egypt
- b National Research Centre , Water Pollution Research Department , Giza , Egypt
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90
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Brodin T, Nordling J, Lagesson A, Klaminder J, Hellström G, Christensen B, Fick J. Environmental relevant levels of a benzodiazepine (oxazepam) alters important behavioral traits in a common planktivorous fish, (Rutilus rutilus). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:963-970. [PMID: 28829722 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals is increasingly recognized as a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. A complex mix of pharmaceuticals enters waterways via treated wastewater effluent and many remain biochemically active after the drugs reach aquatic systems. However, to date little is known regarding the ecological effects that might arise following pharmaceutical contamination of aquatic environments. One group of particular concern is behaviorally modifying pharmaceuticals as seemingly minor changes in behavior may initiate marked ecological consequences. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug (oxazepam) on key behavioral traits in wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) at concentrations similar to those encountered in effluent surface waters. Roach exposed to water with high concentrations of oxazepam (280 µg/L) exhibited increased boldness, while roach at low treatment (0.84 µg/L) became bolder and more active compared to control fish. Our results reinforce the notion that anxiolytic drugs may be affecting fish behavior in natural systems, emphasizing the need for further research on ecological impacts of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems and development of new tools to incorporate ecologically relevant behavioral endpoints into ecotoxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Brodin
- a Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Johanna Nordling
- a Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Annelie Lagesson
- a Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- a Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Gustav Hellström
- b Department of Wildlife , Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Bent Christensen
- a Department of Ecology and Environmental Science , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- c Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
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91
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Heynen M, Backström T, Fick J, Jonsson M, Klaminder J, Brodin T. Home alone-The effects of isolation on uptake of a pharmaceutical contaminant in a social fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:71-77. [PMID: 27658223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of biologically active pharmaceutical residues is present in aquatic systems worldwide. As uptake potential and the risk of effects in aquatic wildlife are directly coupled, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between stress by isolation, uptake and effects of the psychiatric pharmaceutical oxazepam in fish. To do this, we measured cortisol levels, behavioral stress responses, and oxazepam uptake under different stress and social conditions, in juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis) that were either exposed (1.03μgl-1) or not exposed to oxazepam. We found single exposed individuals to take up more oxazepam than individuals exposed in groups, likely as a result of stress caused by isolation. Furthermore, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was significantly negatively correlated with fish weight in both social treatments. We found no effect of oxazepam exposure on body cortisol concentration or behavioral stress response. Most laboratory experiments, including standardized bioconcentration assays, are designed to minimize stress for the test organisms, however wild animals experience stress naturally. Hence, differences in stress levels between laboratory and natural environments can be one of the reasons why predictions from artificial laboratory experiments largely underestimate uptake of oxazepam, and other pharmaceuticals, in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Heynen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Tobias Backström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Sweden
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92
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Prichard E, Granek EF. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22365-22384. [PMID: 27617334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Prichard
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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