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Disengaging the COVID-19 Clutch as a Discerning Eye Over the Inflammatory Circuit During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Inflammation 2022; 45:1875-1894. [PMID: 35639261 PMCID: PMC9153229 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are fundamental to protect against environmental insults, but they are highly susceptible to viral infections. Defective mitochondria are potential sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 damages mitochondria, alters autophagy, reduces nitric oxide (NO), and increases both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) and ROS. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibited activated toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD-), leucine-rich repeat (LRR-), pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The activation of TLRs and NLRP3 by SARS‐CoV‐2 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Herein, we outline the inflammatory circuit of COVID-19 and what occurs behind the scene, the interplay of NOX/ROS and their role in hypoxia and thrombosis, and the important role of ROS scavengers to reduce COVID-19-related inflammation.
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Insight into the Progress on Natural Dyes: Sources, Structural Features, Health Effects, Challenges, and Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103291. [PMID: 35630767 PMCID: PMC9144664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
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Exploring the potential of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables and strategies for their recovery. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cytoprotective and Antigenotoxic Properties of Organic vs. Conventional Tomato Puree: Evidence in Zebrafish Model. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this in vivo study, we investigated cytoprotective and antigenotoxic effects of commercial tomato puree obtained from conventional vs. organic farming systems (pesticides vs. pesticide-free agriculture, respectively). This is relevant as pesticides are widely used in agriculture to prevent pests, weeds, and the spread of plant pathogens. By exposing zebrafish to tomato puree alone and in combination with H2O2 (a well-known genotoxic agent), we analyzed the percentage of fish survival, cell viability, intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation index (DFI%), and genomic template stability (GTS%). Fish exposed to organic puree showed higher fish survival and cellular viability, lower DFI% and ROS, and improved GTS%. Our results suggest a higher cytoprotective and antigenotoxic effect of organic pesticide-free tomatoes, probably because the activity of natural phytochemicals is not affected by the presence of toxic residues, which are otherwise produced by pesticides used in conventional farming systems. Our study points out the importance of considering alternative strategies in agriculture to minimize the genotoxic impact of chemical pesticides.
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Kim JK, Park SU. Recent insights into the biological and pharmacological activity of lycopene. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:415-425. [PMID: 35391916 PMCID: PMC8983849 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio?Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Lu H, Su H, Liu Y, Yin K, Wang D, Li B, Wang Y, Xing M. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the mechanism of the mitigative effect of lycopene on sulfamethoxazole-induced inflammatory damage in grass carp kidneys. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:348-357. [PMID: 35314330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater environmental antibiotic pollution is becoming more severe because of the irregular use of sulfonamide antibiotics. Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) is a kind of antibiotic that can cause harm to the urinary systems of organisms. However, the toxic impacts of environment-related concentrations of antibiotics in fish have not been thoroughly studied. Lycopene (LYC) has the property of alleviating antibiotic toxicity by diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation. This investigation is intended to examine the instrument of the mitigative part of LYC on SMZ-caused renal inflammatory injury in grass carp. Grass carp were born with SMZ (0. 3 μg L-1) and LYC (10 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Serum was used to measure creatinine (CREA) and urea nitrogen (BUN) contents; what is more, kidneys were used to measure histological structure, oxidative stress indicators, relative expressions of cytokines, and inflammatory factors. We found that SMZ exposure significantly increased oxidative stress, characterized by decreased catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, inflammation-related factors: interleukin (IL-18, IL-6, and IL-1β), an apoptotic speck-containing protein with a card (ASC), NOD-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-activated B cells (NF-κB) expression increased significantly contrasted with those control group. Inflammatory reactions and ultrastructural changes accompany. LYC administration alleviated the changes mentioned above. In conclusion, In conclusion, these results suggest a protective effect of LYC dietary supplements against kidney damage caused by SMZ. LYC is expected to prevent and treat oxidative stress and chronic inflammation caused by antibiotics as a critical component in the fish breeding diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Heng Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Baoying Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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He Y, Li M, Wang Y, Shen S. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB44 modulates carotenoid biosynthesis in Ulva prolifera. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dietary lycopene supplementation improves meat quality, antioxidant capacity and skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:256-264. [PMID: 34988307 PMCID: PMC8688882 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant ability and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs. In a 70-day experiment, 18 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene, respectively. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with one pig each. Results showed that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation increased muscle redness a∗ value, intramuscular fat and crude protein contents, and decreased muscle lightness L∗ and yellowness b∗ values (P < 0.05), suggesting that addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs improved color, nutritional value and juiciness of pork after slaughter. Results also showed that dietary lycopene supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg lycopene significantly increased slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein level and slow-twitch fiber percentage, and decreased fast MyHC protein level and fast-twitch fiber percentage (P < 0.05), suggesting that the addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs promoted muscle fiber type conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch. Together, we provide the first evidence that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation improves meat quality, enhances antioxidant capacity and promotes muscle fiber type transformation from fast-twitch to slow-twitch in finishing pigs.
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Lycopene Improves Bone Quality and Regulates AGE/RAGE/NF-кB Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3697067. [PMID: 35222796 PMCID: PMC8872668 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3697067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study was aimed at examining the effects of lycopene on bone metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)- induced obese mice and to identify the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods. Mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks and then continue with or without lycopene intervention (15 mg/kg) for additional 10 weeks. The effects of lycopene on blood glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by biochemical assays. Bone histomorphological features and osteoclast activity were assessed by hematoxylin/eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Bone microstructure at the proximal tibial metaphysis and diaphysis was determined by microcomputed tomography. Tibial biomechanical strength and material profiles were measured by a three-point bending assay and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Protein expressions involved in the AGE/RAGE/NF-кB signaling pathway were determined by western blot and/or immunohistochemical staining. Results. Lycopene consumption reduced body weight gain and improved blood glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, lycopene treatment preserved bone biomechanical strength, material profiles, and microarchitecture in obese mice. Moreover, these alterations were associated with an increase in serum levels of T-AOC and SOD, and a decline in serum levels of MDA, as well as a reduction of AGEs, RAGE, cathepsin K, and p-NF-кBp65 and NF-кBp65 expressions in the femurs and tibias of obese mice. Conclusion. Lycopene may improve bone quality through its antioxidant properties, which may be linked with the regulation of the AGE/RAGE/NF-кB signaling pathway in obese mice. These results suggest that lycopene consumption may be beneficial for the management of obesity-induced osteoporosis.
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Pinker B, Barciszewska AM. mTOR Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Targeting in Meningioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041978. [PMID: 35216092 PMCID: PMC8876623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most frequent primary tumors arising in the central nervous system. They typically follow a benign course, with an excellent prognosis for grade I lesions through surgical intervention. Although radiotherapy is a good option for recurrent, progressive, or inoperable tumors, alternative treatments are very limited. mTOR is a protein complex with increasing therapeutical potential as a target in cancer. The current understanding of the mTOR pathway heavily involves it in the development of meningioma. Its activation is strongly dependent on PI3K/Akt signaling and the merlin protein. Both factors are commonly defective in meningioma cells, which indicates their likely function in tumor growth. Furthermore, regarding molecular tumorigenesis, the kinase activity of the mTORC1 complex inhibits many components of the autophagosome, such as the ULK1 or Beclin complexes. mTOR contributes to redox homeostasis, a vital component of neoplasia. Recent clinical trials have investigated novel chemotherapeutic agents for mTOR inhibition, showing promising results in resistant or recurrent meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pinker
- Medical Faculty, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna-Maria Barciszewska
- Intraoperative Imaging Unit, Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Lycopene: A Natural Arsenal in the War against Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020232. [PMID: 35204115 PMCID: PMC8868303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a bioactive red pigment found in plants, especially in red fruits and vegetables, including tomato, pink guava, papaya, pink grapefruit, and watermelon. Several research reports have advocated its positive impact on human health and physiology. For humans, lycopene is an essential substance obtained from dietary sources to fulfil the body requirements. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress and downstream complications include one of the major health concerns worldwide. In recent years, oxidative stress and its counter strategies have attracted biomedical research in order to manage the emerging health issues. Lycopene has been reported to directly interact with ROS, which can help to prevent chronic diseases, including diabetes and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present review article was written to provide an accumulative account of protective and ameliorative effects of lycopene on coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Lycopene is a potent antioxidant that fights ROS and, subsequently, complications. It reduces blood pressure via inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and regulating nitrous oxide bioavailability. It plays an important role in lowering of LDL (low-density lipoproteins) and improving HDL (high-density lipoproteins) levels to minimize atherosclerosis, which protects the onset of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Various studies have advocated that lycopene exhibited a combating competence in the treatment of these diseases. Owing to all the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, lycopene provides a potential nutraceutical with a protective and curing ability against coronary artery disease and hypertension.
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Zhao Y, Li HX, Luo Y, Cui JG, Talukder M, Li JL. Lycopene mitigates DEHP-induced hepatic mitochondrial quality control disorder via regulating SIRT1/PINK1/mitophagy axis and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118390. [PMID: 34699919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a hazardous chemical which is used as a plasticizer in the plastic products. Lycopene (LYC) is a carotenoid that has protective roles against cellular damage in different organs. The present study sought to explore the role of the interaction between mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the LYC mitigating DEHP-induced hepatic mitochondrial quality control disorder. The mice were treated with LYC (5 mg/kg) and/or DEHP (500 or 1000 mg/kg). In our findings, LYC prevented DEHP-induced histopathological alterations including steatosis and fibrosis, and ultrastructural injuries including decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondria volume density. Furthermore, LYC alleviated DEHP-induced mitochondrial biogenesis disorder by suppressing SIRT1-PGC-1α axis, PINK1-mediated mitophagy and the activation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). This research suggested that LYC could prevent DEHP-induced hepatic mitochondrial quality control disorder via regulating SIRT1/PINK1/mitophagy axis and UPRmt. The present study provided a current understanding about the potential implication of the SIRT1/PINK1/mitophagy axis and UPRmt in LYC preventing DEHP-induced hepatic mitochondrial quality control disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hui-Xin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; People's Government of Nierhe Township of Suiling County, Suihua, 152236, PR China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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63
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Zou D, Ye C, Min Y, Li L, Ruan L, Yang Z, Wei X. Production of a novel lycopene-rich soybean food by fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ke DYJ, El-Sahli S, Wang L. The Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:388-403. [PMID: 34970954 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666211231140623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks receptors for targeted therapy. Consequently, chemotherapy is currently the mainstay of systemic treatment options. However, the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSC, a subpopulation with stem-cell characteristics and tumor-initiating propensity) promotes chemo-resistance and tumorigenesis, resulting in cancer recurrence and relapse. Furthermore, toxic side effects of chemotherapeutics reduce patient wellbeing. Natural products, specifically compounds derived from plants, have the potential to treat TNBC and target CSCs by inhibiting CSC signaling pathways. Literature evidence from six promising compounds were reviewed, including sulforaphane, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. These compounds have been shown to promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells. They also could inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that plays an important role in metastasis. In addition, those natural compounds have been found to inhibit pathways important for CSCs, such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Notch 1, Wnt/β-catenin, and YAP. Clinicals trials conducted on these compounds have shown varying degrees of effectiveness. Epidemiological case-control studies for the compounds commonly consumed in certain human populations have also been summarized. While in vivo and in vitro data are promising, further basic and clinical investigations are required. Likely, natural products in combination with other drugs may hold great potential to improve TNBC treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Yu Jia Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sara El-Sahli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
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Berberine and lycopene as alternative or add-on therapy to metformin and statins, a review. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174590. [PMID: 34801530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are principally extracted from natural products that are frequently safe and well-tolerated. Lycopene and berberine are natural plants with a wide range of beneficial effects including protective activities against metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These compounds might be considered technically more as a drug than a nutraceutical and could be prescribed as a product. However, further studies are needed to understand if these supplements could affect metabolic syndrome outcomes. Even if nutraceuticals exert a prophylactic activity within the body, their bioactivity and bioavailability have high interindividual variation, and precise assessment of biological function of these bioactive compounds in randomized clinical trials is critical. However, these reports must be interpreted with more considerations due to the low quality of the trials. The aim of this paper is to bring evidence about the management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes through the use of nutraceuticals with particular attention to lycopene and berberine effectiveness.
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Rocha DFA, Machado-Junior PA, Souza ABF, Castro TDF, Costa GDP, Talvani A, Bezerra FS, Cangussú SD. Lycopene Ameliorates Liver Inflammation and Redox Status in Mice Exposed to Long-Term Cigarette Smoke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7101313. [PMID: 34869769 PMCID: PMC8639233 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of preventable death worldwide, and it can also cause damage to extrapulmonary organs, such as the liver, mainly due the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The liver is an essential organ for human survival since it is mainly responsible for the body metabolism and among other things and it is the place where many endogenous and exogenous substances undergo biological transformation. Lycopene is a nonprovitamin A carotenoid found in red fruits and vegetables, and its role as a potent antioxidant is well known. In this study, we hypothesized that lycopene could protect mouse liver against long-term CS exposure. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were exposed to twelve cigarette smoke (12 cigarettes per day) for 60 days and pretreated with 25 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/kg/day of lycopene via orogastric gavage. After euthanasia, the hepatic tissue was collected for histopathological, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and collagen deposition analysis. Our analysis demonstrated that lycopene results in a suitable outcome to ameliorate the pathological changes, inflammatory and antioxidant profile in a mouse model of long-term CS exposure, and collagen accumulation in the hepatic extracellular matrix. This study demonstrates for the first time that supplementation of lycopene can be a possible pharmacological tool for the treatment of hepatic damage caused by exposure to long-term CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fonseca Abdo Rocha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation (LABIIN), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation (LABIIN), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-00 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Huang T, Yu J, Ma Z, Fu Q, Liu S, Luo Z, Liu K, Yu L, Miao W, Yu D, Song Z, Li Y, Zhou L, Xu G. Translatomics Probes Into the Role of Lycopene on Improving Hepatic Steatosis Induced by High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:727785. [PMID: 34796193 PMCID: PMC8594419 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.727785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important organ for fat metabolism. Excessive intake of a high-fat/energy diet is a major cause of hepatic steatosis and its complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Supplementation with lycopene, a natural compound, is effective in lowering triglyceride levels in the liver, although the underlying mechanism at the translational level is unclear. In this study, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hepatic steatosis and treated with or without lycopene. Translation omics and transcriptome sequencing were performed on the liver to explore the regulatory mechanism of lycopene in liver steatosis induced by HFD, and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We identified 1,358 DEGs at the translational level. Through transcriptomics and translatomics joint analysis, we narrowed the range of functional genes to 112 DEGs and found that lycopene may affect lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of LPIN1 at the transcriptional and translational levels. This study provides a powerful tool for translatome and transcriptome integration and a new strategy for the screening of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghua Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zupeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongling Yu
- Teaching and Research Section of Biotechnology, Nanning University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gaoxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
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Lei WL, Li YY, Hou Y, Liu C, Qian WP, Sun QY, Zhang CH. Toxic effects of patulin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 464:153013. [PMID: 34718031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Patulin is a secondary metabolite mainly secreted by fungi and is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-based products. For the past few years, numerous studies suggested the wide distribution and toxicity of patulin. In this study, we investigated the toxic effect of patulin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. The results showed that patulin treatment did not affect meiotic resumption, but inhibited oocyte maturation as indicated by failure of first polar body extrusion. Further mechanistic study showed that patulin treatment disturbed normal spindle assembly, chromosome alignment and morphology. We also found increased oxidative stress by testing the level of ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating mitochondria dysfunction. In summary, our results suggest that patulin treatment causes oocyte meiotic arrest by disturbing normal spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, which may be caused by dysfunctions of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Lei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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69
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Tarshish E, Hermoni K, Sharoni Y, Wertz PW, Dayan N. Effects of golden tomato extract on skin appearance-outlook into gene expression in cultured dermal fibroblasts and on trans-epidermal water loss and skin barrier in human subjects. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3022-3030. [PMID: 34668310 PMCID: PMC9545714 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scope Two experiments were performed to test the effects of rich tomato extract (Golden Tomato Extract, GTE) on human skin. In one experiment, the effects of this extract on gene expression in cultured human dermal fibroblasts were examined. In a second experiment, human subjects consumed the extract and trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), and aspects of skin appearance were monitored. Methods and results Primary human dermal fibroblasts in culture were treated with the extract. After six hours, RNA was extracted, and gene expression was examined using Affymetrix Human Clariom D array processing. For the clinical study, 65 human subjects consumed a capsule once a day for 16 weeks, and various skin parameters were assessed at predetermined time intervals. Among the genes upregulated by GTE are genes that augment innate immunity, enhance DNA repair, and the ability to detoxify xenobiotics. GTE significantly reduced TEWL in subjects who had high TEWL at baseline, but it had no effect on TEWL in subjects who had lower TEWL at baseline. Conclusions Golden tomato extract may provide benefits to the skin by enhancing innate immunity and other defense mechanisms in the dermis and by providing antioxidants to the skin surface to optimize TEWL and the appearance of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoav Sharoni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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70
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Öztekin M, Yılmaz B, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Nutritional Aspects. Diseases 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34698140 PMCID: PMC8544542 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a 0.5-1 µm wide, 2-4 µm long, short helical, S-shaped Gram-negative microorganism. It is mostly found in the pyloric region of the stomach and causes chronic gastric infection. It is estimated that these bacteria infect more than half of the world's population. The mode of transmission and infection of H. pylori is still not known exactly, but the faecal-oral and oral-oral routes via water or food consumption are thought to be a very common cause. In the last three decades, research interest has increased regarding the pathogenicity, microbial activity, genetic predisposition, and clinical treatments to understand the severity of gastric atrophy and gastric cancer caused by H. pylori. Studies have suggested a relationship between H. pylori infection and malabsorption of essential micronutrients, and noted that H. pylori infection may affect the prevalence of malnutrition in some risk groups. On the other hand, dietary factors may play a considerably important role in H. pylori infection, and it has been reported that an adequate and balanced diet, especially high fruit and vegetable consumption and low processed salty food consumption, has a protective effect against the outcomes of H. pylori infection. The present review provides an overview of all aspects of H. pylori infection, such as clinical features, treatment, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Öztekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Sarıçam, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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71
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Wan XL, Li N, Chen YJ, Chen XS, Yang Z, Xu L, Yang HM, Wang ZY. Protective effects of lycopene on mitochondrial oxidative injury and dysfunction in the liver of aflatoxin B 1-exposed broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101441. [PMID: 34547623 PMCID: PMC8456063 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lycopene (LYC) on mitochondrial oxidative injury and dysfunction in the liver of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-exposed broilers. A total of 192 healthy 1-day-old male broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates of 8 birds each. Birds in the 3 groups were fed basal diet (control), basal diet with 100 µg/kg AFB1, and basal diet with 100 µg/kg AFB1 and 200 mg/kg LYC, respectively. The experiment lasted 42 d. The results showed that AFB1 decreased average daily body weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G :F) compared to the control group, the LYC supplementation increased ADG and G/F compared to AFB1 group (P < 0.05). Broilers in the AFB1 group had lower mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and thioredoxin reductase activities, and higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations than the control group (P < 0.05). The LYC increased mGSH concentration and GSH-Px and MnSOD activities, and decreased H2O2 and ROS concentrations compared to AFB1 group (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the AFB1 diet showed increased mitochondrial swelling and decreased adenosine triphosphate concentration than the control group, and LYC had opposite effects (P < 0.05). The AFB1 decreased the activities of mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes I, II, III, and V, downregulated the mRNA expression levels of hepatic MnSOD, thioredoxin 2, thioredoxin reductase, peroxiredoxin-3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and LYC increased activities of mitochondrial ETC complexes III and V, and upregulated mRNA expression levels of these genes in comparison to AFB1 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the LYC protected broilers from AFB1-induced liver mitochondrial oxidative injury and dysfunction by stimulating mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - N Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Y J Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - X S Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Z Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - L Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - H M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Z Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China.
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72
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Rajput SA, Liang SJ, Wang XQ, Yan HC. Lycopene Protects Intestinal Epithelium from Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Damage via Regulating Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091493. [PMID: 34573125 PMCID: PMC8466454 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a threatening mycotoxin primarily present in the agricultural environment, especially in food commodities and animal forages, and exerts significant global health hazards. Lycopene (LYC) is a potent antioxidant carotenoid mainly present in tomatoes and other fruits with enormous health benefits. The present study was designed to ascertain whether LYC could protect DON-induced intestinal epithelium oxidative injury by regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the intestine of mice. A total of forty-eight mice were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 12), Control (CON), 10 mg/kg BW LYC, 3 mg/kg BW DON, and 3 mg/kg DON + 10 mg/kg LYC BW (DON + LYC). The experimental groups were treated by intragastric administration for 11 days. Our results showed that LYC significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and repaired intestinal injury and barrier dysfunction, as evident by increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and decreased diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, as well as up-regulated tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1) under DON exposure. Furthermore, LYC treatment stabilized the functions of intestinal epithelial cells (Lgr5, PCNA, MUC2, LYZ, and Villin) under DON exposure. Additionally, LYC alleviated DON-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS and MDA accumulation and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, T-SOD, T-AOC, and GSH-Px), which was linked with the activation of Nrf2 signaling and degradation of Keap1 expression. Conclusively, our findings demonstrated that LYC protects intestinal epithelium from oxidative injury by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway under DON exposure. These novel findings could lead to future research into the therapeutic use of LYC to protect the DON-induced harmful effects in humans and/or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- Correspondence: (X.-Q.W.); (H.-C.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-38295462 (X.-Q.W.)
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- Correspondence: (X.-Q.W.); (H.-C.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-38295462 (X.-Q.W.)
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Çavuşoğlu D, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Macar O, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K. Extenuating role of lycopene against 254-nm UV-C radiation-mediated damages in Allium cepa L. roots. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47429-47438. [PMID: 33893579 PMCID: PMC8064420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UV-C exposure has become a crucial risk for living organisms due to its widespread use in sterilization. In this study, the mitigating potential of lycopene was investigated against UV-C-mediated toxicity in Allium cepa L. roots. Allium bulbs were separated into six groups which treated with tap water, 215 mg/L lycopene, 430 mg/L lycopene, 254-nm UV radiation, 215 mg/L lycopene + 254-nm UV radiation, and 430 mg/L lycopene + 254-nm UV radiation. Germination percentage, root length, weight gain, mitotic index, micronucleus frequency, and other chromosomal aberrations as well as meristematic cell damages were investigated in all groups. Malondialdehyde level and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were also analyzed to understand the severity of oxidative stress. UV-C radiation was revealed to negatively affect all parameters investigated, while the mitigating activities of lycopene against UV-C-mediated toxicity were dose-dependent. Therefore, the study evidently demonstrated the promising potential of lycopene in the protection against the detrimental effects of UV-C exposure in A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Atabey Vocational School, Isparta Applied Sciences University, 32200, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Oksal Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
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74
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Yang Y, Wei S, Zhang B, Li W. Recent Progress in Environmental Toxins-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Protective Potential of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699193. [PMID: 34305607 PMCID: PMC8296636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are unconsciously exposed to environmental toxins including heavy metals as well as various pesticides, which have deleterious effects on human health. Accumulating studies pointed out that exposure to environmental toxins was associated with various cardiopathologic effects. This review summarizes the main mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induced by environmental toxins (cadmium, arsenic and pesticides) and discusses the potential preventive effects of natural products. These findings will provide a theoretical basis and novel agents for the prevention and treatment of environmental toxins-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, the limitations of current studies, future needs and priorities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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75
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Barciszewska AM. Elucidating of oxidative distress in COVID-19 and methods of its prevention. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109501. [PMID: 33974898 PMCID: PMC8106523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 stimulates significant efforts and approaches to understand its global spread. Although the recent introduction of the vaccine is a crucial prophylactic step, the effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 is still undiscovered. An in-depth analysis of symptoms and clinical parameters, as well as molecular changes, is necessary to comprehend COVID-19 and propose a remedy for affected people to fight that disease. The analysis of available clinical data and SARS-CoV-2 infection markers underlined the main pathogenic process in COVID-19 is cytokine storm and inflammation. That led us to suggest that the most important pathogenic feature of SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 is oxidative stress and cellular damage stimulated by iron, a source of Fenton reaction and its product hydroxyl radical (•OH), the most reactive ROS with t1/2–10−9s. Therefore we suggest some scavenging agents are a reasonable choice for overcoming its toxic effect and can be regarded as a treatment for the disease on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Barciszewska
- Intraoperative Imaging Unit, Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
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76
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Bockuviene A, Zalneravicius R, Sereikaite J. Preparation, characterization and stability investigation of lycopene-chitooligosaccharides complexes. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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77
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Ma C, Zhang K, Zhang X, Liu G, Zhu T, Che Q, Li D, Zhang G. Heterologous expression and metabolic engineering tools for improving terpenoids production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:281-289. [PMID: 33770560 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, also referred to as isoprenoids, are the largest group of natural compounds which have contributed significantly to the pharmaceutical industry. The challenges in producing bioactive terpenoids from their original host or by organic synthesis methods spurred the endeavors of producing terpenoids in heterologous host. Modern advances utilizing synthetic biology and biological engineering tools have provided a variety of pharmaceutical terpenoids in large-scale and with diversified structures. In this review, we will summarize the progress in production of typical terpenoids skeletons using heterologous expression method assisted by metabolic engineering techniques, with the purpose of enlightening further efforts in developing advanced cell factories for producing terpenoid based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanteng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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78
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The Nutraceutical Properties of "Pizza Napoletana Marinara TSG" a Traditional Food Rich in Bioaccessible Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030495. [PMID: 33810088 PMCID: PMC8004925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Italian gastronomy experiences have ever-enhancing fame around the world. It is due to the linkage between taste and salubriousness commonly related to Mediterranean foods. The market proposes many types of pizza to suit all palates. The antioxidant potential of the “Pizza Napoletana marinara” included in the register of traditional specialties guaranteed (TSG) was determined in this work. ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) method evaluated the antioxidant activity of the pizza homogenized. In vitro digestion models estimated the intestinal and gastric bioaccessibility of the main antioxidant compounds (lycopene and phenolics). To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide the content, antioxidant potential, and bioaccessibility of the antioxidants (polyphenols and lycopene) contained in the traditional pizza “marinara TSG”. Our results showed that the “Pizza Napoletana marinara” had polyphenols concentration, lycopene level, antioxidant activity, and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and lycopene better than other similar pizzas. They confirmed the nutritional importance of traditional preparations and established the nutraceutical potential of “pizza marinara TSG” as a food rich in bio-accessible antioxidants.
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Li G, Zhang Z, Liu H, Hu L. Nanoemulsion-based delivery approaches for nutraceuticals: fabrication, application, characterization, biological fate, potential toxicity and future trends. Food Funct 2021; 12:1933-1953. [PMID: 33596279 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the modern food industry, people are paying more and more attention to the use of edible nanoemulsions to encapsulate, protect and deliver lipophilic functional ingredients, such as volatile additives, polyphenols, aromas, pigments, proteins, vitamins, oil-soluble flavors, preservatives, etc., which are the current global needs. Nanoemulsions are constructed with droplets of nano range size and they offer many potential advantages over conventional emulsions including the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, higher stability, better antibacterial properties, good taste experience, higher affinity, longer shelf-life and improvement of the bioavailability of components. Moreover, they are highly capable of improving the wettability and/or solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, which may result in better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nutraceutical compounds. On the other hand, oral nanoemulsions also have certain risks, such as their ability to change the biological fate of biologically active ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract and the potential toxicity of certain ingredients used in their production. This review article summarizes the manufacturing, application, characterization, biological fate, potential toxicity, and future challenges and trends of nanoemulsions, and focuses on nanoemulsion-based nutraceutical delivery approaches suitable for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China. and Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China. and Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Haofan Liu
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China and Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Liandong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China. and College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China and Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Arballo J, Amengual J, Erdman JW. Lycopene: A Critical Review of Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030342. [PMID: 33668703 PMCID: PMC7996133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid that exhibits several health benefits. Epidemiological data support a correlation between lycopene intake and the attenuation of several chronic diseases, including certain types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. It is currently unknown whether the beneficial effects are from the native structure of lycopene or its metabolic derivatives: lycopenals, lycopenols, and lycopenoic acids. This literature review focuses on the current research on lycopene digestion, absorption, metabolism, and excretion. This review primarily focuses on in vivo studies because of the labile nature and difficulty of studying carotenoids within in vitro experimental models. The studies presented address tissue accumulation of lycopene, the modification of bioavailability due to genetic and dietary factors, and lycopene cleavage by the enzymes ß-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and ß-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2). The current literature suggests that the majority of lycopene is cleaved eccentrically by BCO2, yet further research is needed to probe the enzymatic cleavage activity at the tissue level. Additionally, results indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms and dietary fat influence lycopene absorption and thus modify its health effects. Further research exploring the metabolism of lycopene, the mechanisms related to its health benefits, and optimal diet composition to increase the bioavailability is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Arballo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.)
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.)
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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Tao A, Wang X, Li C. Effect of Lycopene on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Growth by Inhibiting IGF1 Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:723-732. [PMID: 33531840 PMCID: PMC7847369 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s283927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lycopene has produced robust clinical effects and shows a promising chemopreventive in the oral cancer and precancerous lesions. However, much is still unknown about its mechanisms of the carotenoid in protecting against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway serves as a key regulatory signal pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may be associated with the angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and cancer proliferation. The current study was focused on elucidating the potential pathway played for lycopene to exert its function in treating with OSCC. Materials and Methods Firstly, we explored the dose- and time-response of CAL-27 and WSU-HN6 cells to lycopene. Both cells were incubated with various concentrations of lycopene (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 µM). The inhibiting rate of cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay. To observe the regulating effect of lycopene on OSCC, cell migration, apoptosis and tumor formation were detected in vitro and in vivo. The potential signaling pathways of OSCC cells treated with lycopene were analyzed by Affymetrix microarrays. And then, we investigated the changing of IGF1 signaling pathway, on the protein levels of tumor tissue after lycopene. Results Cell proliferation was inhibited by lycopene in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The optimum inhibition efficiencies for OSCC cells were also found. Further, the results also demonstrated that pre-treatment of OSCC with lycopene drastically induced cell apoptosis suppresses cell migration and tumor growth. Mechanistically, ingenuity pathway analysis further revealed that IGF1 pathway participate in killing effects on OSCC after treatment of lycopene. Lycopene may inhibit the pathway by regulating protein expression of IGF1, IGF binding protein (BP) 1, IGFBP3, transcription factor Jun/AP-1 (JUN), and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). Conclusion These observations indicate that lycopene regulates OSCC cell growth by inhibiting IGF1 pathway, which may be a promising agent for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Tao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of the Bioactive Compounds Found in Tomato Seed Oil and Tomato Peels Influenced by Industrial Heat Treatments. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010110. [PMID: 33430280 PMCID: PMC7825722 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular economy action plan involves principles related to food waste reduction and integration of recovered nutrients to the market. In this context, the present study aims to highlight the valuable bioactive components found in tomato processing by-products (carotenoids, phenolic compounds and fatty acids) influenced by industrial pre-treatments, particularly cold break (CB) process at 65–75 °C and hot break (HB) process at 85–95 °C. The fatty acid profile of the tomato seed oil was examined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), individual carotenoid and phenolic compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the viscoelastic properties were evaluated by rheological measurements. The physicochemical properties revealed appropriate characteristics of the tomato seed oil to fit the standards of generally accepted edible oils, for both CB and HB derived samples, however, significant qualitative and quantitative differences were detected in their phenolic composition and carotenoids content. Lycopene (37.43 ± 1.01 mg/100 mL) was a major carotenoid in the examined samples, linoleic acid was the main fatty acid (61.73%) detected in the tomato seed oil and syringic acid appeared to be one of two major phenolic acids detected in the samples of CB process. Our findings extend the boundaries of tomato processing industry by validating that tomato seed oil is a bioactive rich edible oil with additional health benefits, which can be integrated in functional food products.
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83
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Li L, Liu Z, Jiang H, Mao X. Biotechnological production of lycopene by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10307-10324. [PMID: 33097966 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene is a dark red carotenoid belonging to C40 terpenoids and is widely found in a variety of plants, especially ripe red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, other cancers, and cardiovascular disease. It is one of the most widely used carotenoids in the healthcare product market. Currently, commercially available lycopene is mainly extracted from tomatoes. However, production of lycopene from plants is costly and environmentally unfriendly. To date, there have been many reports on the biosynthesis of lycopene by microorganisms, providing another route for lycopene production. This review discusses the lycopene biosynthetic pathway and natural and engineered lycopene-accumulating microorganisms, as well as their production of lycopene. The effects of different metabolic engineering strategies on lycopene accumulation are also considered. Furthermore, this work presents perspectives concerning the microbial production of lycopene, especially trends to construct microbial cell factories for lycopene production. KEY POINTS: • Recent achievements in the lycopene biosynthesis in microorganisms. • Review of lycopene biosynthetic metabolism engineering strategy. • Discuss the current challenges and prospects of using microorganisms to produce lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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84
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Atlante A, Amadoro G, Bobba A, Latina V. Functional Foods: An Approach to Modulate Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E2347. [PMID: 33114170 PMCID: PMC7690784 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new epoch is emerging with intense research on nutraceuticals, i.e., "food or food product that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and treatment of diseases", such as Alzheimer's disease. Nutraceuticals act at different biochemical and metabolic levels and much evidence shows their neuroprotective effects; in particular, they are able to provide protection against mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, toxicity of β-amyloid and Tau and cell death. They have been shown to influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota significantly contributing to the discovery that differential microorganisms composition is associated with the formation and aggregation of cerebral toxic proteins. Further, the routes of interaction between epigenetic mechanisms and the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been elucidated, thus establishing a modulatory role of diet-induced epigenetic changes of gut microbiota in shaping the brain. This review examines recent scientific literature addressing the beneficial effects of some natural products for which mechanistic evidence to prevent or slowdown AD are available. Even if the road is still long, the results are already exceptional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Bobba
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Moody L, Crowder SL, Fruge AD, Locher JL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Rogers LQ, Delk-Licata A, Carroll WR, Spencer SA, Black M, Erdman JW, Chen H, Pan YX, Arthur AE. Epigenetic stratification of head and neck cancer survivors reveals differences in lycopene levels, alcohol consumption, and methylation of immune regulatory genes. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:138. [PMID: 32917280 PMCID: PMC7488769 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been associated with higher rates of recurrence and mortality in head and neck cancer (HNC). While the biological mechanisms predisposing patients to heightened inflammatory states remain largely unknown, DNA methylation has been proposed to reflect systemic inflammation. In this analysis, we attempt to identify meaningful epigenetic patterns in HNC survivors by stratifying individuals based on DNA methylation profiles in leukocytes. RESULTS We used hierarchical clustering to uncover three distinct methylation patterns among HNC survivors. Each group displayed a unique methylation signature in inflammatory pathways including cytokine and B-cell receptor signaling. Additionally, we examined physiological, clinical, and lifestyle parameters related to inflammation, such as circulating carotenoid and cytokine levels, cancer treatment type, and alcohol consumption. Specifically, we identified one group of survivors who had significant differential methylation of transcriptional and translational regulators as well as genes in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway, including hypermethylation of CD40 ligand (CD40LG) and Tec protein tyrosine kinase (TEC) and hypomethylation of CD8A. This group also displayed high circulating lycopene levels. We identified another group that had distinctive methylation in the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, including hypomethylation of TLR5, a component of the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B kinase complex (CHUK), and two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP3K8 and MAP2K3). This group also had hypermethylation of mitochondrial ribosomal genes along with higher rates of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The correlation between lycopene, alcohol consumption, DNA methylation, and inflammation warrants further investigation and may have implications in future recommendations and interventions to impact health outcomes in HNC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moody
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Sylvia L. Crowder
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 386A Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Andrew D. Fruge
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Julie L. Locher
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Laura Q. Rogers
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Ashley Delk-Licata
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - William R. Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Sharon A. Spencer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Molly Black
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 386A Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 386A Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 386A Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 386A Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Anna E. Arthur
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 386A Bevier Hall, MC-182, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Carle Cancer Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Wei C, Yu L, Qiao N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Tian F, Chen W. Progress in the distribution, toxicity, control, and detoxification of patulin: A review. Toxicon 2020; 184:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Imran M, Ghorat F, Ul-Haq I, Ur-Rehman H, Aslam F, Heydari M, Shariati MA, Okuskhanova E, Yessimbekov Z, Thiruvengadam M, Hashempur MH, Rebezov M. Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080706. [PMID: 32759751 PMCID: PMC7464847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene, belonging to the carotenoids, is a tetraterpene compound abundantly found in tomato and tomato-based products. It is fundamentally recognized as a potent antioxidant and a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid. Lycopene has been found to be efficient in ameliorating cancer insurgences, diabetes mellitus, cardiac complications, oxidative stress-mediated malfunctions, inflammatory events, skin and bone diseases, hepatic, neural and reproductive disorders. This review summarizes information regarding its sources and uses amongst different societies, its biochemistry aspects, and the potential utilization of lycopene and possible mechanisms involved in alleviating the abovementioned disorders. Furthermore, future directions with the possible use of this nutraceutical against lifestyle-related disorders are emphasized. Its protective effects against recommended doses of toxic agents and toxicity and safety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Fereshteh Ghorat
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar 9617913112, Iran;
| | - Iahtisham Ul-Haq
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore 53720, Pakistan;
| | - Habib Ur-Rehman
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, NUR International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Farhan Aslam
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eleonora Okuskhanova
- Food Science and Technology Department, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan; (E.O.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhanibek Yessimbekov
- Food Science and Technology Department, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan; (E.O.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (M.H.H.); Tel.: +82-02450-0577 (M.T.); +98-71-53314076 (M.H.H.)
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (M.H.H.); Tel.: +82-02450-0577 (M.T.); +98-71-53314076 (M.H.H.)
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia;
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow 109004, Russia
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Caseiro M, Ascenso A, Costa A, Creagh-Flynn J, Johnson M, Simões S. Lycopene in human health. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nieva-Echevarría B, Goicoechea E, Guillén MD. Oxidative stability of extra-virgin olive oil enriched or not with lycopene. Importance of the initial quality of the oil for its performance during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108987. [PMID: 32156407 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The performance of commercial non-enriched and lycopene-enriched extra-virgin olive oils (EVOO) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was studied in order to elucidate potential benefits of lycopene addition. Samples were analyzed before and after digestion by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). EVOO samples differed in both main (oleic and linoleic acyl groups) and minor components (phenolic and oxidation compounds). Regardless of the presence of lycopene, all the samples reached a high degree of lipolysis and showed high stability towards oxidation under digestion conditions. Rather than oxidation reactions, the hydroperoxides initially present in the oil were reduced to more stable hydroxides. Likewise, hydroxy-diene isomerization from cis,trans to trans,trans occurred. Hence, the presumed antioxidant effect of lycopene was not noticed during in vitro digestion of EVOO. Similar experiments carried out with a more polyunsaturated oil (sunflower oil) indicated that lycopene slowed down the advance of oxidation slightly. However, in the case of EVOO, its initial quality prevailed over the slight antioxidant effect exerted by lycopene at the concentration present in commercial samples, determining the oxidation compound profile of the digests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Nieva-Echevarría
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Encarnación Goicoechea
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María D Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Li S, Mu B, Dong W, Liang O, Shao S, Wang A. Incorporation of Lutein on Layered Double Hydroxide for Improving the Environmental Stability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051231. [PMID: 32182848 PMCID: PMC7179472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the poor stability of natural lutein to environmental factors, layered double hydroxide was incorporated by a green mechanical grinding process. The influences of external factors (chemical reagents, heating and light) on the stability of lutein before and after being loaded were evaluated. The results confirmed that lutein was mainly adsorbed on the surface of layered double hydroxide (LDH) via the chemical interaction. Compared with pure lutein, the thermal decomposition of lutein/LDH was improved from 100 °C to 300 °C, and the retention ratio of lutein was increased by about 8.64% and 21.47% after 96 h of light exposure and accelerated degradation, respectively. It is expected that the stable lutein/LDH composites may constitutean additive in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Li
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.L.); (W.D.); (O.L.); (S.S.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China
| | - Bin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.L.); (W.D.); (O.L.); (S.S.)
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (A.W.); Tel.: +86-931-4868118 (A.W.); Fax: +86-931-4968019 (A.W.)
| | - Wenkai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.L.); (W.D.); (O.L.); (S.S.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China
| | - Oing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.L.); (W.D.); (O.L.); (S.S.)
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China
| | - Shijun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.L.); (W.D.); (O.L.); (S.S.)
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Materials and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.L.); (W.D.); (O.L.); (S.S.)
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (A.W.); Tel.: +86-931-4868118 (A.W.); Fax: +86-931-4968019 (A.W.)
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Figueiredo ID, Lima TFO, Inácio MD, Costa MC, Assis RP, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Lycopene Improves the Metformin Effects on Glycemic Control and Decreases Biomarkers of Glycoxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3117-3135. [PMID: 32982345 PMCID: PMC7495351 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress and exacerbated generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the onset of diabetic complications. Lycopene is a potent antioxidant; evidence accounts for its ability to mitigate diabetic disturbances, including the deleterious events of advanced glycation. Therefore, this carotenoid has emerged as a candidate to be used in combination with antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin, attempting to counteract the glycoxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of the treatments with lycopene or metformin, alone or in combination, on glycoxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defenses in diabetic rats. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated for 35 days with lycopene (45 mg/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg), alone or as mixtures in yoghurt. Plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl groups (biomarkers of oxidative damage), fluorescent AGEs (biomarkers of advanced glycation), and paraoxonase 1 activity (antioxidant enzyme) were assessed. Changes in the hepatic and renal levels of glycoxidative damage biomarkers and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. RESULTS The combination of lycopene with metformin maintained the beneficial effects of the isolated treatments, improving the glucose tolerance and lipid profile, lessening biomarkers of oxidative damage, and increasing the paraoxonase 1 activity. Besides, the combined therapy caused further decreases in postprandial glycemia, plasma levels of cholesterol and AGEs, avoided lipid peroxidation (plasma, kidney), and increased antioxidant defenses, mainly the activity of superoxide dismutase (liver, kidney), indicating the maintenance of the lycopene effects. CONCLUSION Lycopene combined with metformin may act synergistically in the control of postprandial glycemia, dyslipidemia and glycoxidative stress, as well as increased antioxidant defenses, arising as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Delbone Figueiredo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tayra Ferreira Oliveira Lima
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Destro Inácio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos Costa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Assis
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: Amanda Martins Baviera Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 – s/n, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São PauloCEP 14800-903, BrazilTel +55 16 3301 5717Fax +55 16 3322 0073 Email
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Zobkova Z, Fedulova L, Fursova T, Zenina D, Kotenkova E. Evaluation of the adaptogenic propertries of the Quark product enriched with probiotics, polyphenols and vitamins. POTRAVINARSTVO 2019. [DOI: 10.5219/1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate protective properties of the quark product manufactured with transglutaminase and enriched with probiotics, oligomerous proanthocyanidines and vitamins; the biological experiment on the growing laboratory Wistar stock rats has been carried out. The rats of two from three groups subjected within 21 days to the effect of low-frequency weak variable magnetic field received in semi-synthetic diet composition extra experimental and control samples of the quark product. The index of feed intake and the rats’ body mass growth was registered within 32 days. At the end of the experiment blood serum biochemical index was evaluated. It was revealed that the animals consuming the experimental product substantially gained the mass before the effect (gain from the 1st up to 10th days made up 12%) as well as after effect (gain from 11th up to 32nd days – 10.3%); upon completion of the experiment the gains of these animals exceeded the gains of the rats consuming the control product by more than 28%. The experiment revealed the lipolipedemic and hypoglycemic effect of the experimental quark product that has been evidenced by the significant reduction of cholesterol (by more than 20%), glucose (up to 40%) in the rats’ blood serum. On administration of the experimental dairy product in the animals’ diet subjected to the impact of low-frequency weak magnetic field the effect of the broken balance recovery in antioxidant/pro-oxidant system was observed due to reduction of pro-oxidant load at the enzymatic as well as low molecular links of the antioxidant system. The identified antioxidant and adaptogenic effect of the developed dairy product promoting to reduce the intensity of free-radical oxidation at the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the body make it possible recommend it in dietotherapy for correction of antioxidant/pro-oxidant status.
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Mangifera indica L. Peel Extract is Associated to γH2AX-mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100422. [PMID: 31546694 PMCID: PMC6826946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts from Mangifera indica L. have been proved to possess anti-tumor properties in many cancer systems. However, although most effects have been demonstrated with fruit pulp extract, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mango peel are still unclear. This study was designed to explore the effects of mango peel extract (MPE) on colon cancer cell lines. MPE affected cell viability and inhibited the colony formation trend of tumor cells, while no effects were observed in human dermal fibroblasts used as a non-cancerous cell line model. These events were a consequence of the induction of apoptosis associated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activation of players of the oxidative response such as JNK and ERK1/2, and the increase in Nrf2 and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Significantly, mango peel-activated stress triggered a DNA damage response evidenced by the precocious phosphorylation of histone 2AX (γH2AX), as well as phosphorylated Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase and p53 upregulation. Mango peel extract was also characterized, and HPLC/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) analysis unveiled the presence of some phenolic compounds that could be responsible for the anti-cancer effects. Collectively, these findings point out the importance of the genotoxic stress signaling pathway mediated by γH2AX in targeting colon tumor cells to apoptosis.
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