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Poór P, Nawaz K, Gupta R, Ashfaque F, Khan MIR. Ethylene involvement in the regulation of heat stress tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:675-698. [PMID: 33713206 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of the rise in global temperature, heat stress has become a major concern for crop production. Heat stress deteriorates plant productivity and alters phenological and physiological responses that aid in precise monitoring and sensing of mild-to-severe transient heat stress. Plants have evolved several sophisticated mechanisms including hormone-signaling pathways to sense heat stimuli and acquire heat stress tolerance. In response to heat stress, ethylene, a gaseous hormone, is produced which is indispensable for plant growth and development and tolerance to various abiotic stresses including heat stress. The manipulation of ethylene in developing heat stress tolerance targeting ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways has brought promising out comes. Conversely increased ethylene biosynthesis and signaling seem to exhibit inhibitory effects in plant growth responses from primitive to maturity stages. This review mainly focuses on the recent studies of ethylene involvement in plant responses to heat stress and its functional regulation, and molecular mechanism underlying the plant responses in the mitigation of heat-induced damages. Furthermore, this review also describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other signaling molecules under heat stress and approaches to improve heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kashif Nawaz
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Mugume Y, Ding G, Dueñas ME, Liu M, Lee YJ, Nikolau BJ, Bassham DC. Complex Changes in Membrane Lipids Associated with the Modification of Autophagy in Arabidopsis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020190. [PMID: 35208263 PMCID: PMC8876039 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved mechanism among eukaryotes that degrades and recycles cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is known to influence the plant metabolome, including lipid content; however, its impact on the plant lipidome is not fully understood, and most studies have analyzed a single or few mutants defective in autophagy. To gain more insight into the effect of autophagy on lipid concentrations and composition, we quantitatively profiled glycerolipids from multiple Arabidopsis thaliana mutants altered in autophagy and compared them with wild-type seedlings under nitrogen replete (+N; normal growth) and nitrogen starvation (−N; autophagy inducing) conditions. Mutants include those in genes of the core autophagy pathway, together with other genes that have been reported to affect autophagy. Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization—Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS), we imaged the cellular distribution of specific lipids in situ and demonstrated that autophagy and nitrogen treatment did not affect their spatial distribution within Arabidopsis seedling leaves. We observed changes, both increases and decreases, in the relative amounts of different lipid species in the mutants compared to WT both in +N and −N conditions, although more changes were seen in −N conditions. The relative amounts of polyunsaturated and very long chain lipids were significantly reduced in autophagy-disrupted mutants compared to WT plants. Collectively, our results provide additional evidence that autophagy affects plant lipid content and that autophagy likely affects lipid properties such as chain length and unsaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosia Mugume
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Geng Ding
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.D.); (B.J.N.)
| | - Maria Emilia Dueñas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.E.D.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Meiling Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.E.D.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.D.); (B.J.N.)
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-7461
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Ozolina NV, Kapustina IS, Gurina VV, Nurminsky VN. Role of tonoplast microdomains in plant cell protection against osmotic stress. PLANTA 2022; 255:65. [PMID: 35150330 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the content of tonoplast microdomains, isolated with the aid of a non-detergent technique, are induced by osmotic stress and may take part in plant cell adaptive mechanisms. Investigation of tonoplast microdomain lipids isolated with the aid of the non-detergent technique from beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.) subjected to either hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic stress was conducted. Earlier, an important role of tonoplast lipids in the protection of plant cells from stress was demonstrated (Ozolina et al. 2020a). In the present paper, we have put forward a hypothesis that lipids of microdomains of raft nature present in the tonoplast are responsible for this protective function. The variations in the content of lipids of the studied nondetergent-isolated microdomains (NIMs) under hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic stresses were different. Under hyperosmotic stress, in the scrutinized microdomains, some variations in the content of lipids were registered, which were characteristic of the already known protective anti-stress mechanisms. These variations were represented by an increase in sterols and polar lipids capable of stabilizing the bilayer structure of the membranes. The found variations in the content of sterols may be bound up with some intensification of the autophagy process under stress because sterols foster the formation of new membrane contacts necessary for this process. Under hypoosmotic stress, the pattern of redistribution of the lipids in the scrutinized membrane structures was different: the largest part of the lipids appeared to be represented by hydrocarbons, which fulfilled mainly a protective function in plants and could prevent the excess water influx into the vacuole. The results obtained not only demonstrate the possible functions of the vacuolar membrane microdomains but also put forward an assumption on the role of any membrane microdomain in the protection mechanisms of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Irina S Kapustina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Veronika V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vadim N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
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Wu S, Hu C, Wang X, Wang Y, Yu M, Xiao H, Shabala S, Wu K, Tan Q, Xu S, Sun X. Cadmium-induced changes in composition and co-metabolism of glycerolipids species in wheat root: Glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127115. [PMID: 34537635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the structural constituents of cell membranes and play crucial roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic to analyze the changes in lipids metabolism induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure in wheat. The results indicated that Cd stress did not decrease the concentrations of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidic acid at 6 h, but decreased digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), MGDG, PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and LPC concentrations in wheat root at 24 h. Although the concentrations of highly abundant glycerolipids PC and PE were decreased, the ratios of PC/PE increased thus contributing to wheat adaptation to Cd stress. Cd did not reduce the extent of total lipid unsaturation due to the unchanged concentrations of high abundance species of C36:4, C34:2, C34:3 and C36:6 at 6 h, indicative of their roles in resisting Cd stress. The correlation analysis revealed the glycerolipids species experiencing co-metabolism under Cd stress, which is driven by the activated expression of genes related to glycerolipid metabolism, desaturation and oxylipin synthesis. This study gives insights into the changes of glycerolipids induced by Cd and the roles in wheat adaptation to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hongdong Xiao
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Kongjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Institute of Quality Stander and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciencs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Hein NT, Impa SM, Wagner D, Bheemanahalli R, Kumar R, Tiwari M, Prasad PVV, Tilley M, Wu X, Neilsen M, Jagadish SVK. Grain micronutrient composition and yield components in field‐grown wheat are negatively impacted by high night‐time temperature. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Hein
- Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | | | - Dan Wagner
- Department of Computer Science Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | | | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | | | - Michael Tilley
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit CGAHR USDA‐ARS Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit CGAHR USDA‐ARS Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Mitchell Neilsen
- Department of Computer Science Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
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Sun AZ, Chen LS, Tang M, Chen JH, Li H, Jin XQ, Yi Y, Guo FQ. Lipidomic Remodeling in Begonia grandis Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843942. [PMID: 35251112 PMCID: PMC8891222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the alterations in leaf lipidome in Begonia (Begonia grandis Dry subsp. sinensis) under heat stress will aid in understanding the mechanisms of stress adaptation to high-temperature stress often occurring during hot seasons at southern areas in China. The comparative lipidomic analysis was performed using leaves taken from Begonia plants exposed to ambient temperature or heat stress. The amounts of total lipids and major lipid classes, including monoacylglycerol (MG), diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerols (TG), and ethanolamine-, choline-, serine-, inositol glycerophospholipids (PE, PC, PS, PI) and the variations in the content of lipid molecular species, were analyzed and identified by tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. Upon exposure to heat stress, a substantial increase in three different types of TG, including 18:0/16:0/16:0, 16:0/16:0/18:1, and 18:3/18:3/18:3, was detected, which marked the first stage of adaptation processes. Notably, the reduced accumulation of some phospholipids, including PI, PC, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was accompanied by an increased accumulation of PS, PE, and phosphatidic acid (PA) under heat stress. In contrast to the significant increase in the abundance of TG, all of the detected lysophospholipids and sphingolipids were dramatically reduced in the Begonia leaves exposed to heat stress, suggesting that a very dynamic and specified lipid remodeling process is highly coordinated and synchronized in adaptation to heat stress in Begonia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zhen Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan-Hua Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qi Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Yi,
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Fang-Qing Guo,
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57
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Sadura I, Janeczko A. Brassinosteroids and the Tolerance of Cereals to Low and High Temperature Stress: Photosynthesis and the Physicochemical Properties of Cell Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:342. [PMID: 35008768 PMCID: PMC8745458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals, which belong to the Poaceae family, are the most economically important group of plants. Among abiotic stresses, temperature stresses are a serious and at the same time unpredictable problem for plant production. Both frost (in the case of winter cereals) and high temperatures in summer (especially combined with a water deficit in the soil) can result in significant yield losses. Plants have developed various adaptive mechanisms that have enabled them to survive periods of extreme temperatures. The processes of acclimation to low and high temperatures are controlled, among others, by phytohormones. The current review is devoted to the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in cereal acclimation to temperature stress with special attention being paid to the impact of BR on photosynthesis and the membrane properties. In cereals, the exogenous application of BR increases frost tolerance (winter rye, winter wheat), tolerance to cold (maize) and tolerance to a high temperature (rice). Disturbances in BR biosynthesis and signaling are accompanied by a decrease in frost tolerance but unexpectedly an improvement of tolerance to high temperature (barley). BR exogenous treatment increases the efficiency of the photosynthetic light reactions under various temperature conditions (winter rye, barley, rice), but interestingly, BR mutants with disturbances in BR biosynthesis are also characterized by an increased efficiency of PSII (barley). BR regulate the sugar metabolism including an increase in the sugar content, which is of key importance for acclimation, especially to low temperatures (winter rye, barley, maize). BR either participate in the temperature-dependent regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis or control the processes that are responsible for the transport or incorporation of the fatty acids into the membranes, which influences membrane fluidity (and subsequently the tolerance to high/low temperatures) (barley). BR may be one of the players, along with gibberellins or ABA, in acquiring tolerance to temperature stress in cereals (particularly important for the acclimation of cereals to low temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sadura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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Wen H, Wang Y, Wu B, Feng Y, Dang Y, Yang B, Ma X, Qiao L. Analysis of Wheat Wax Regulation Mechanism by Liposome and Transcriptome. Front Genet 2021; 12:757920. [PMID: 34938312 PMCID: PMC8687455 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.757920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a barrier for plants to contact with the outside world, epidermal wax plays an important role in resisting biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we analyzed the effect of wax content on leaf permeability by measuring the wax loss rate in the leaf. To further clarify the wax composition of the wheat epidermis and its molecular regulation mechanism, we applied untargeted lipidomic and transcriptome analysis on the leaf epidermis wax of Jimai 22 low-wax mutant (waxless) and multi-wax mutant (waxy). Our research showed that the mutant waxy has a slow loss rate, which can maintain higher leaf water content. 31 lipid subclasses and 1,367 lipid molecules were identified. By analyzing the wax differences of the two mutants, we found that the main lipid components of leaf epidermis wax in Jimai 22 were WE (C19-C50), DG (C27-C53), MG (C31-C35), and OAHFA (C31-C52). Carbon chain length analysis showed that, in wheat epidermis wax, WE was dominated by C44 molecules, DG was mainly concentrated in C47, C45, C37, and C31 molecules, C48 played a leading role in OAHFA, and C35 and C31 played a major role in MG. Among them, DG, MG, and OAHFA were detected in wheat leaf wax for the first time, and they were closely related to stress resistance. Compared with the waxy, 6,840 DEGs were detected in the mutant waxless, 3,181 DEGs were upregulated, and 3,659 DEGs were downregulated. The metabolic pattern of main waxy components in the wheat epidermis was constructed according to KEGG metabolic pathway and 46 related genes were screened, including KSC, TER, FAR, WSD1, CER1, MAH1, ALDH7A1, CYP704B1, ACOT1_2_4, CYP86, MGLL, GPAT, ALDH, DPP1, dgkA, plsC, and E2.3.1.158 related genes. The screened wax-related genes were confirmed to be highly reliable by qRT-PCR. In addition, we found TER gene TraesCS6B03G1132900LC in wheat mutant waxless leaves for the first time, which inhibited the synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoA (n+2) by downregulating its expression. These results provide valuable reference information for further study of wheat epidermis wax heredity and molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Bangbang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yifei Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
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Kehelpannala C, Rupasinghe T, Hennessy T, Bradley D, Ebert B, Roessner U. The state of the art in plant lipidomics. Mol Omics 2021; 17:894-910. [PMID: 34699583 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a group of compounds with diverse structures that perform several important functions in plants. To unravel and better understand their in vivo functions, plant biologists have been using various lipidomic technologies including liquid-chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). However, there are still significant challenges in LC-MS based plant lipidomics, which need to be addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of the key developments in LC-MS based lipidomic approaches to detect and identify plant lipids with emphasis on areas that can be further improved. Given that the cellular lipidome is estimated to contain hundreds of thousands of lipids,1,2 many of the lipid structures remain to be discovered. Furthermore, the plant lipidome is considered to be significantly more complex compared to that of mammals. Recent technical developments in mass spectrometry have made the detection of novel lipids possible; hence, approaches that can be used for plant lipid discovery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Rane J, Singh AK, Kumar M, Boraiah KM, Meena KK, Pradhan A, Prasad PVV. The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12970. [PMID: 34884769 PMCID: PMC8657814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Rane
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India; (A.K.S.); (M.K.); (K.M.B.); (K.K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India; (A.K.S.); (M.K.); (K.M.B.); (K.K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India; (A.K.S.); (M.K.); (K.M.B.); (K.K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Karnar M. Boraiah
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India; (A.K.S.); (M.K.); (K.M.B.); (K.K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Kamlesh K. Meena
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India; (A.K.S.); (M.K.); (K.M.B.); (K.K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Aliza Pradhan
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India; (A.K.S.); (M.K.); (K.M.B.); (K.K.M.); (A.P.)
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105021118. [PMID: 34815339 PMCID: PMC8640937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) in plants regulates both developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer ahp2,3,5 and type-B Arabidopsis response regulator arr1,10,12 triple mutants are almost completely defective in CK signaling, and the ahp2,3,5 mutant was reported to be salt tolerant. Here, we demonstrate that the arr1,10,12 mutant is also more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. A comprehensive metabolite profiling coupled with transcriptome analysis of the ahp2,3,5 and arr1,10,12 mutants was conducted to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanisms mediated by CK signaling. Numerous primary (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and lipids) and secondary (e.g., flavonoids and sterols) metabolites accumulated in these mutants under nonsaline and saline conditions, suggesting that both prestress and poststress accumulations of stress-related metabolites contribute to improved salt tolerance in CK-signaling mutants. Specifically, the levels of sugars (e.g., trehalose and galactinol), amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid), anthocyanins, sterols, and unsaturated triacylglycerols were higher in the mutant plants than in WT plants. Notably, the reprograming of flavonoid and lipid pools was highly coordinated and concomitant with the changes in transcriptional levels, indicating that these metabolic pathways are transcriptionally regulated by CK signaling. The discovery of the regulatory role of CK signaling on membrane lipid reprogramming provides a greater understanding of CK-mediated salt tolerance in plants. This knowledge will contribute to the development of salt-tolerant crops with the ability to withstand salinity as a key driver to ensure global food security in the era of climate crisis.
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Zheng Y, Xia Z, Wu J, Ma H. Effects of repeated drought stress on the physiological characteristics and lipid metabolism of Bombax ceiba L. during subsequent drought and heat stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:467. [PMID: 34645412 PMCID: PMC8513192 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trees of Bombax ceiba L. could produce a large number of viable seeds in the dry-hot valleys. However, the seedling regeneration of the species is difficult in these areas as mild drought often occur repeatedly which might be followed by heat stress. However, how the repeated drought affects the subsequent drought and heat tolerance of B. ceiba is not clear. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, soluble sugar content and lipid metabolism were measured for the drought-treated seedlings and heat-treated seedlings with or without drought hardening. RESULTS Neither the first nor third dehydration treatments affected the photosynthetic activity and soluble sugar content of B. ceiba seedlings. However, they differentially affected the fluidity of the local membranes and the levels of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Heat shock severely decreased the photosynthetic efficiency but drought priming reduced the effects of heat shock. Moreover, heat shock with or without drought priming had differential effects on the metabolism of soluble sugars and some lipids. In addition, the unsaturation level of membrane glycerolipids increased following heat shock for non-drought-hardened seedlings which, however, maintained for drought-hardened seedlings. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that two cycles of dehydration/recovery can affect the metabolism of some lipids during the third drought stress and may enhance the heat tolerance of B. ceiba by adjusting lipid composition and membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China.
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Vilchez AC, Peppino Margutti M, Reyna M, Wilke N, Villasuso AL. Recovery from chilling modulates the acyl-editing of phosphatidic acid molecular species in barley roots (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:862-873. [PMID: 34536899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, lipid metabolism and remodelling are key mechanisms for survival under temperature stress. The present study attempted to compare the lipid profile in barley roots both under chilling stress treatment and in the subsequent recovery to stress. Lipids were obtained through a single-extraction method with a polar solvent mixture, followed by mass spectrometry analysis. The results indicate that lipid metabolism was significantly affected by chilling. Most of the glycerolipids analysed returned to control values during short- and long-term recovery, whereas several representative phosphatidic acid (PA) molecular species were edited during long-term recovery. Most of the PA molecular species that increased in the long-term had the same acyl chains as the phosphatidylcholine (PC) species that decreased. C34:2 and C36:4 underwent the most remarkable changes. Given that the mechanisms underlying the acyl-editing of PC in barley roots remain elusive, we also evaluated the contribution of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (HvLPCAT) and phospholipase A (HvPLA). In line with the aforementioned results, the expression of the HvLPCAT and HvPLA genes was up-regulated during recovery from chilling. The differential acyl-editing of PA during recovery, which involves the remodelling of PC, might therefore be a regulatory mechanism of cold tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Vilchez
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, FCEFQyN, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, (INBIAS), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Micaela Peppino Margutti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Reyna
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, FCEFQyN, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, (INBIAS), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Wilke
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Villasuso
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, FCEFQyN, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, (INBIAS), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Hu Q, Cui H, Ma C, Li Y, Yang C, Wang K, Sun Y. Lipidomic metabolism associated with acetic acid priming-induced salt tolerance in Carex rigescens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:665-677. [PMID: 34488152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid priming may mitigate salt stress to plants by modulating lipid metabolism. Carex rigescens is a stress-tolerant turfgrass species with a widespread distribution in north China. The objective of this study was to figure out whether modification of lipid profiles, including the contents, compositions and saturation levels of leaf lipids, may contribute to acetic acid modulated salt tolerance in C. rigescens. Plants of C. rigescens were primed with or without acetic acid (30 mM) and subsequently exposed to salt stress (300 mM NaCl) for 15 days. Salt stress affected the physiological performance of C. rigescens, while acetic acid-primed plants showed significantly lower malondialdehyde content, proline content, and electrolyte leakage than non-primed plants under salt stress. Acetic acid priming enhanced the contents of phospholipids and glycolipids involved in membrane stabilization and stress signaling (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), reduced the content of toxic lipid intermediates (free fatty acids) during subsequent exposure to salt stress. Furthermore, expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism such as CK and PLDα changed due to acetic acid priming. These results demonstrated that acetic acid priming could enhance salt tolerance of C. rigescens by regulating lipid metabolism. The lipids could be used as biomarkers to select for salt-tolerant grass germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Hu
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Huiting Cui
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Chengze Ma
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Kehua Wang
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Zhang J, Lu Z, Ren T, Cong R, Lu J, Li X. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Potassium Deficiency During Sarocladium oryzae Infection Reveal Insights into Rice Sheath Rot Disease Resistance. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:81. [PMID: 34533651 PMCID: PMC8448798 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath rot disease caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease, and infection can cause yield losses of 20-85%. Adequate potassium (K) application is a feasible strategy for rice tolerance to S. oryzae infection. However, little is known about the metabolic mechanisms regulated by K that allow rice to cope better with S. oryzae infection. The present study performed a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of rice with different K nutrition statuses before and upon S. oryzae infection. Sarocladium oryzae infection triggered a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst, and K starvation aggravated the accumulation of H2O2 in the flag leaf sheath (FLS), which resulted in lipid peroxidation. Likewise, K deficiency altered the lipid homeostasis of the host plants by hyperaccumulation of 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine. K starvation decreased the content of glycoglycerolipids including monogalactosyldiacyglycerol and digalactosyldoacylglycerol during S. oryzae infection, which destroyed the stability of bilayer membranes. In contrast, sufficient K supply increased antioxidant-related transcript expression (for example, the genes related to glutathione-S-transferase biosynthesis were upregulated), which activated the antioxidant systems. Additionally, upon S. oryzae infection, K starvation amplified the negative impacts of S. oryzae infection on flag leaf photosynthetic potential. These results provide new insight into the role of K in alleviating S. oryzae infection. Adequate K supply decreased the negative impacts of sheath rot disease on rice growth by alleviating lipid peroxidation and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Zoong Lwe Z, Sah S, Persaud L, Li J, Gao W, Raja Reddy K, Narayanan S. Alterations in the leaf lipidome of Brassica carinata under high-temperature stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:404. [PMID: 34488625 PMCID: PMC8419912 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica carinata (A) Braun has recently gained increased attention across the world as a sustainable biofuel crop. B. carinata is grown as a summer crop in many regions where high temperature is a significant stress during the growing season. However, little research has been conducted to understand the mechanisms through which this crop responds to high temperatures. Understanding traits that improve the high-temperature adaption of this crop is essential for developing heat-tolerant varieties. This study investigated lipid remodeling in B. carinata in response to high-temperature stress. A commercial cultivar, Avanza 641, was grown under sunlit-controlled environmental conditions in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) chambers under optimal temperature (OT; 23/15°C) conditions. At eight days after sowing, plants were exposed to one of the three temperature treatments [OT, high-temperature treatment-1 (HT-1; 33/25°C), and high-temperature treatment-2 (HT-2; 38/30°C)]. The temperature treatment period lasted until the final harvest at 84 days after sowing. Leaf samples were collected at 74 days after sowing to profile lipids using electrospray-ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS Temperature treatment significantly affected the growth and development of Avanza 641. Both high-temperature treatments caused alterations in the leaf lipidome. The alterations were primarily manifested in terms of decreases in unsaturation levels of membrane lipids, which was a cumulative effect of lipid remodeling. The decline in unsaturation index was driven by (a) decreases in lipids that contain the highly unsaturated linolenic (18:3) acid and (b) increases in lipids containing less unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids and/or saturated fatty acids such as palmitic (16:0) acid. A third mechanism that likely contributed to lowering unsaturation levels, particularly for chloroplast membrane lipids, is a shift toward lipids made by the eukaryotic pathway and the channeling of eukaryotic pathway-derived glycerolipids that are composed of less unsaturated fatty acids into chloroplasts. CONCLUSIONS The lipid alterations appear to be acclimation mechanisms to maintain optimal membrane fluidity under high-temperature conditions. The lipid-related mechanisms contributing to heat stress response as identified in this study could be utilized to develop biomarkers for heat tolerance and ultimately heat-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolian Zoong Lwe
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Saroj Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Leelawatti Persaud
- Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - K Raja Reddy
- Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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Alafari HA, Abd-Elgawad ME. Differential expression gene/protein contribute to heat stress-responsive in Tetraena propinqua in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5017-5027. [PMID: 34466077 PMCID: PMC8380999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Within their natural habitat, plants are subjected to abiotic stresses that include heat stress. In the current study, the effect of 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h of heat stress on Tetraena propinqua ssp. migahidii seedling's protein profile and proteomic analyses were investigated. Total soluble protein SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) profile showed 18-protein bands, the newly synthesized protein band (with molecular weights 86.5, 30.2 and 31.4 KD) at 24 h of heat stress and 48 of normal conditions. Proteomic analysis showed that 81 and 930 targets are involved in gene and protein expression respectively. At 4 h, 57 genes and 110 proteins in C4 reached 56 genes and 173 proteins in T4. At 24 h, 63 genes and 180 proteins in C24 decreased to 54 genes and 151 protein in T24. After 48 h, 56 genes and 136 proteins in C48 increased to 64 genes and 180 proteins in T48. The genes and proteins involved in transcription, translation, photosynthesis, transport, and other unknown metabolic processes, were differentially expressed under treatments of heat stress. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms related to heat stress, in addition to its influence on the physiological traits of T. propinqua seedlings. Heat stress-mediated differential regulation genes indicate a role in the development and stress response of T. propinqua. The candidate dual-specificity genes and proteins identified in this study paves way for more molecular analysis of up-and-down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ali Alafari
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda Elsayed Abd-Elgawad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Imran M, Aaqil Khan M, Shahzad R, Bilal S, Khan M, Yun BW, Khan AL, Lee IJ. Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:5116. [PMID: 34500550 PMCID: PMC8434054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate-glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Department of Horticulture, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Murtaza Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, TX 77479, USA
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Hormones in Plant Responses to Temperature Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168843. [PMID: 34445546 PMCID: PMC8396215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect agricultural productivity worldwide. Temperatures beyond a plant's physiological optimum can trigger significant physiological and biochemical perturbations, reducing plant growth and tolerance to stress. Improving a plant's tolerance to these temperature fluctuations requires a deep understanding of its responses to environmental change. To adapt to temperature fluctuations, plants tailor their acclimatory signal transduction events, and specifically, cellular redox state, that are governed by plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory systems, and other molecular components. The role of ROS in plants as important signaling molecules during stress acclimation has recently been established. Here, hormone-triggered ROS produced by NADPH oxidases, feedback regulation, and integrated signaling events during temperature stress activate stress-response pathways and induce acclimation or defense mechanisms. At the other extreme, excess ROS accumulation, following temperature-induced oxidative stress, can have negative consequences on plant growth and stress acclimation. The excessive ROS is regulated by the ROS scavenging system, which subsequently promotes plant tolerance. All these signaling events, including crosstalk between hormones and ROS, modify the plant's transcriptomic, metabolomic, and biochemical states and promote plant acclimation, tolerance, and survival. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the ROS, hormones, and their joint role in shaping a plant's responses to high and low temperatures, and we conclude by outlining hormone/ROS-regulated plant responsive strategies for developing stress-tolerant crops to combat temperature changes.
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Ozolina NV, Kapustina IS, Gurina VV, Bobkova VA, Nurminsky VN. Role of Plasmalemma Microdomains (Rafts) in Protection of the Plant Cell Under Osmotic Stress. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:429-439. [PMID: 34302495 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-protein microdomains (presumably rafts) of the plasmalemma isolated from the beetroots subjected to hyperosmotic stress and hypoosmotic stress were studied. In these microdomains, the variations in the composition of total lipids, sterols, and fatty acids were observed. These variations differed under hypo- and hyperosmotic types of stress. We presumed that such variations were bound up with different strategies, which are probably related to protecting the cell from osmotic stress. One of the protection tendencies might be related, in our opinion, to credible growth of the content of such lipids as sterols and sterol esters, which are considered as raft-forming. Under osmotic stress, these lipids can contribute to the formation of both new raft structures and new membrane contacts of plasmalemma with intracellular organelles. Another protection tendency may be bound up with the redistribution of membrane phospholipids and phosphoglycerolipids possibly to stabilize the membrane's lamellar structure, which is ensured by credible growth of the content of such lipids as phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The participation of lipid-protein microdomains in the adaptive mechanisms of plant cells may, in our opinion, also be bound up with the redistribution of membrane sterols, which (redistribution) in a number of variants may provoke credible growth in the content of cholesterol or "anti-stress" sterols (campesterol and stigmasterol). So, according to our results, the variations in the content of the plasmalemma lipid-protein microdomains take place under osmotic stress. These variations may influence the functioning of plasmalemma and take part in the adaptive mechanisms of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - I S Kapustina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - V V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - V A Bobkova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State University, 5, Sukhe-Bator St, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - V N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. Ionomic Approaches for Discovery of Novel Stress-Resilient Genes in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7182. [PMID: 34281232 PMCID: PMC8267685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, face an array of biotic and abiotic stresses in their lifespan that endanger their survival. Hence, optimized uptake of mineral nutrients creates potential new routes for enhancing plant health and stress resilience. Recently, minerals (both essential and non-essential) have been identified as key players in plant stress biology, owing to their multifaceted functions. However, a realistic understanding of the relationship between different ions and stresses is lacking. In this context, ionomics will provide new platforms for not only understanding the function of the plant ionome during stresses but also identifying the genes and regulatory pathways related to mineral accumulation, transportation, and involvement in different molecular mechanisms under normal or stress conditions. This article provides a general overview of ionomics and the integration of high-throughput ionomic approaches with other "omics" tools. Integrated omics analysis is highly suitable for identification of the genes for various traits that confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, ionomics advances being used to identify loci using qualitative trait loci and genome-wide association analysis of element uptake and transport within plant tissues, as well as genetic variation within species, are discussed. Furthermore, recent developments in ionomics for the discovery of stress-tolerant genes in plants have also been addressed; these can be used to produce more robust crops with a high nutritional value for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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72
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Sadok W, Lopez JR, Smith KP. Transpiration increases under high-temperature stress: Potential mechanisms, trade-offs and prospects for crop resilience in a warming world. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2102-2116. [PMID: 33278035 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of high-temperature stress events are expected to increase as climate change intensifies. Concomitantly, an increase in evaporative demand, driven in part by global warming, is also taking place worldwide. Despite this, studies examining high-temperature stress impacts on plant productivity seldom consider this interaction to identify traits enhancing yield resilience towards climate change. Further, new evidence documents substantial increases in plant transpiration rate in response to high-temperature stress even under arid environments, which raise a trade-off between the need for latent cooling dictated by excessive temperatures and the need for water conservation dictated by increasing evaporative demand. However, the mechanisms behind those responses, and the potential to design the next generation of crops successfully navigating this trade-off, remain poorly investigated. Here, we review potential mechanisms underlying reported increases in transpiration rate under high-temperature stress, within the broader context of their impact on water conservation needed for crop drought tolerance. We outline three main contributors to this phenomenon, namely stomatal, cuticular and water viscosity-based mechanisms, and we outline research directions aiming at designing new varieties optimized for specific temperature and evaporative demand regimes to enhance crop productivity under a warmer and dryer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin P Smith
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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73
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Xia H, Zhou Y, Deng H, Lin L, Deng Q, Wang J, Lv X, Zhang X, Liang D. Melatonin improves heat tolerance in Actinidia deliciosa via carotenoid biosynthesis and heat shock proteins expression. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1582-1593. [PMID: 33511650 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The whole-genome molecular mechanisms of melatonin (MT)-mediated enhancement of thermotolerance in plants has rarely been studied. In this study, the genome-wide gene expression profiles of kiwifruit seedlings primed with MT and non-MT at 45°C were analyzed by RNA-Seq. A total of 3299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between MT and non-MT treatment, in which carotenoid biosynthesis was one of the high-enrichment pathways revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Further, qRT-PCR verified that MT significantly induced the upregulated expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis gene, which was consistent with the increase of carotenoid content. In addition, 10 heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified to have a highly upregulated expression by MT. These findings provide a set of informative and fundamental data on the role of MT in heat resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao'ai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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74
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Yu L, Zhou C, Fan J, Shanklin J, Xu C. Mechanisms and functions of membrane lipid remodeling in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:37-53. [PMID: 33853198 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid remodeling, defined herein as post-synthetic structural modifications of membrane lipids, play crucial roles in regulating the physicochemical properties of cellular membranes and hence their many functions. Processes affected by lipid remodeling include lipid metabolism, membrane repair, cellular homeostasis, fatty acid trafficking, cellular signaling and stress tolerance. Glycerolipids are the major structural components of cellular membranes and their composition can be adjusted by modifying their head groups, their acyl chain lengths and the number and position of double bonds. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of membrane lipid remodeling with emphasis on the lipases and acyltransferases involved in the modification of phosphatidylcholine and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, the major membrane lipids of extraplastidic and photosynthetic membranes, respectively. We also discuss the role of triacylglycerol metabolism in membrane acyl chain remodeling. Finally, we discuss emerging data concerning the functional roles of glycerolipid remodeling in plant stress responses. Illustrating the molecular basis of lipid remodeling may lead to novel strategies for crop improvement and other biotechnological applications such as bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jilian Fan
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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75
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Schaarschmidt S, Lawas LMF, Kopka J, Jagadish SVK, Zuther E. Physiological and molecular attributes contribute to high night temperature tolerance in cereals. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2034-2048. [PMID: 33764557 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric warming resulting in a faster increase in night compared to day temperatures affects crop yields negatively. Physiological characterization and agronomic findings have been complemented more recently by molecular biology approaches including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic investigations in crops exposed to high night temperature (HNT) conditions. Nevertheless, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing yield decline under HNT is still limited. The discovery of significant differences between HNT-tolerant and HNT-sensitive cultivars is one of the main research directions to secure continuous food supply under the challenge of increasing climate change. With this review, we provide a summary of current knowledge on the physiological and molecular basis of contrasting HNT tolerance in rice and wheat cultivars. Requirements for HNT tolerance and the special adaptation strategies of the HNT-tolerant rice cultivar Nagina-22 (N22) are discussed. Putative metabolite markers for HNT tolerance useful for marker-assisted breeding are suggested, together with future research directions aimed at improving food security under HNT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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76
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Almeida J, Perez-Fons L, Fraser PD. A transcriptomic, metabolomic and cellular approach to the physiological adaptation of tomato fruit to high temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2211-2229. [PMID: 32691430 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures can negatively influence plant growth and development. Besides yield, the effects of heat stress on fruit quality traits remain poorly characterised. In tomato, insights into how fruits regulate cellular metabolism in response to heat stress could contribute to the development of heat-tolerant varieties, without detrimental effects on quality. In the present study, the changes occurring in wild type tomato fruits after exposure to transient heat stress have been elucidated at the transcriptome, cellular and metabolite level. An impact on fruit quality was evident as nutritional attributes changed in response to heat stress. Fruit carotenogenesis was affected, predominantly at the stage of phytoene formation, although altered desaturation/isomerisation arose during the transient exposure to high temperatures. Plastidial isoprenoid compounds showed subtle alterations in their distribution within chromoplast sub-compartments. Metabolite profiling suggests limited effects on primary/intermediary metabolism but lipid remodelling was evident. The heat-induced molecular signatures included the accumulation of sucrose and triacylglycerols, and a decrease in the degree of membrane lipid unsaturation, which influenced the volatile profile. Collectively, these data provide valuable insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular adaptation of fruit to heat stress and will impact on our ability to develop future climate resilient tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Laura Perez-Fons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Paul D Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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77
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Basu S, Kumari S, Kumar P, Kumar G, Rajwanshi R. Redox imbalance impedes photosynthetic activity in rice by disrupting cellular membrane integrity and induces programmed cell death under submergence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1764-1778. [PMID: 33751571 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change negatively impacts the global hydrological resources leading to detrimental flood events. Submergence impedes the cellular membrane integrity, consequently affecting the membrane fluidity. Different abiotic stresses influence membrane lipid composition. Therefore, the remodeling of membrane lipids plays a major role in stress adaptation. Submergence-induced membrane lipid peroxidation is well established in plants. However, dynamic changes in lipid composition for regulating submergence tolerance in rice remain so far unexplored. The present study explored the effect of submergence on the lipidomic profile of the Sub1 near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice, viz. Swarna, and Swarna Sub1 with contrasting submergence tolerance. The study also examined the association of lipidomic alteration with the membrane integrity and submergence tolerance. Submergence caused increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was significantly higher in Swarna than Swarna Sub1. The lipid profile was also considerably altered under submergence. Following submergence, Swarna exhibited a significant decrease in phospholipid content accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, the disintegration of the thylakoid membrane resulted in a significant decrease in the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate under submergence. Submergence-induced hypoxic condition also promoted starch depletion to fulfill the energy requirement. In contrast, submergence acclimation in Swarna Sub1 was associated with the shift to anaerobic respiration mediated by increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Effective ROS detoxification in Swarna Sub1 facilitated by increased antioxidant enzyme activities contributed to the submergence tolerance by maintaining membrane integrity and photosynthetic activity. The present study established the direct association of lipid remodeling with membrane integrity, cell viability, and photosynthesis and also devised a crop model to reveal the molecular background of submergence tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Surbhi Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Ravi Rajwanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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78
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Deepika D, Singh A. Plant phospholipase D: novel structure, regulatory mechanism, and multifaceted functions with biotechnological application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:106-124. [PMID: 34167393 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1924113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases D (PLDs) are important membrane lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. Phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, is a vital signaling molecule. PLD-mediated lipid signaling has been the subject of extensive research leading to discovery of its crystal structure. PLDs are involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases, therefore, viewed as promising targets for drug design. The availability of a eukaryotic PLD crystal structure will encourage PLD targeted drug designing. PLDs have been implicated in plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of response is not clear. Recently, several novel findings have shown that PLD mediated modulation of structural and developmental processes, such as: stomata movement, root growth and microtubule organization are crucial for plants adaptation to environmental stresses. Involvement of PLDs in regulating membrane remodeling, auxin mediated alteration of root system architecture and nutrient uptake to combat nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies and magnesium toxicity is established. PLDs via vesicle trafficking modulate cytoskeleton and exocytosis to regulate self-incompatibility (SI) signaling in flowering plants, thereby contributes to plants hybrid vigor and diversity. In addition, the important role of PLDs has been recognized in biotechnologically important functions, including oil/TAG synthesis and maintenance of seed quality. In this review, we describe the crystal structure of a plant PLD and discuss the molecular mechanism of catalysis and activity regulation. Further, the role of PLDs in regulating plant development under biotic and abiotic stresses, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, magnesium ion toxicity, SI signaling and pollen tube growth and in important biotechnological applications has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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79
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De Coninck T, Gistelinck K, Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W, Van Damme EJM. Sweet Modifications Modulate Plant Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:756. [PMID: 34070047 PMCID: PMC8158104 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant development represents a continuous process in which the plant undergoes morphological, (epi)genetic and metabolic changes. Starting from pollination, seed maturation and germination, the plant continues to grow and develops specialized organs to survive, thrive and generate offspring. The development of plants and the interplay with its environment are highly linked to glycosylation of proteins and lipids as well as metabolism and signaling of sugars. Although the involvement of these protein modifications and sugars is well-studied, there is still a long road ahead to profoundly comprehend their nature, significance, importance for plant development and the interplay with stress responses. This review, approached from the plants' perspective, aims to focus on some key findings highlighting the importance of glycosylation and sugar signaling for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Koen Gistelinck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Henry C. Janse van Rensburg
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
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80
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Zu P, Koch H, Schwery O, Pironon S, Phillips C, Ondo I, Farrell IW, Nes WD, Moore E, Wright GA, Farman DI, Stevenson PC. Pollen sterols are associated with phylogeny and environment but not with pollinator guilds. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1169-1184. [PMID: 33484583 PMCID: PMC8653887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are primary plant metabolites that have fundamental structural and regulatory functions. They are also essential nutrients for phytophagous insects, including pollinators, that cannot synthesize sterols. Despite the well-described composition and diversity in vegetative plant tissues, few studies have examined phytosterol diversity in pollen. We quantified 25 pollen phytosterols in 122 plant species (105 genera, 51 families) to determine their composition and diversity across plant taxa. We searched literature and databases for plant phylogeny, environmental conditions, and pollinator guilds of the species to examine the relationships with pollen sterols. 24-methylenecholesterol, sitosterol and isofucosterol were the most common and abundant pollen sterols. We found phylogenetic clustering of twelve individual sterols, total sterol content and sterol diversity, and of sterol groupings that reflect their underlying biosynthesis pathway (C-24 alkylation, ring B desaturation). Plants originating in tropical-like climates (higher mean annual temperature, lower temperature seasonality, higher precipitation in wettest quarter) were more likely to record higher pollen sterol content. However, pollen sterol composition and content showed no clear relationship with pollinator guilds. Our study is the first to show that pollen sterol diversity is phylogenetically clustered and that pollen sterol content may adapt to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Zu
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
- Department Fish Ecology and EvolutionSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologySeestrasse 79KastanienbaumCH‐6047Switzerland
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - Orlando Schwery
- New Mexico Consortium4200 W. Jemez Rd, Suite 301Los AlamosNM87544USA
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - Charlotte Phillips
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Conservation Science DepartmentWakehurst PlaceArdinglyWest SussexRH17 6TNUK
| | - Ian Ondo
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - Iain W. Farrell
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
| | - W. David Nes
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79424USA
| | - Elynor Moore
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford11a Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3SZUK
| | | | - Dudley I. Farman
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichChatham, KentME4 4TBUK
| | - Philip C. Stevenson
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRichmondSurreyTW9 3ABUK
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichChatham, KentME4 4TBUK
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81
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Antioxidant and In Vitro Preliminary Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Castanea sativa (Italian Cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide" PGI) Burs, Leaves, and Chestnuts Extracts and Their Metabolite Profiles by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020278. [PMID: 33670426 PMCID: PMC7917746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Italian "Marrone di Roccadaspide" (Castanea sativa), a labeled Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product, represents an important economic resource for the Italian market. With the aim to give an interesting opportunity to use chestnuts by-products for the development of nutraceutical and/or cosmetic formulations, the investigation of burs and leaves along with chestnuts of C. sativa, cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide", has been performed. The phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid content of the MeOH extracts of "Marrone di Roccadaspide" burs, leaves, and chestnuts as well as their antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) have been evaluated. Furthermore, a cell-based antioxidant in vitro test along with in vitro assays for the evaluation of the ability to reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and nitric oxide (NO) production have been carried out. In order to identify the secondary metabolites responsible for the high phenolic content and the strong antioxidant activity shown by leaves and burs extracts, and to highlight the differences between their chemical composition, the analysis of the metabolite profile of the MeOH extracts obtained from both by-products and chestnuts by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and multiple-stage linear ion-trap and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-(-)ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS) has been performed. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification of different classes of specialized metabolites including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, and triterpenoids as well as polar lipids. Our results show how the antioxidant activity of the extracts can be correlated to their high tannins and flavonoids content while polar lipids occurring in the MeOH extract of the leaves could contribute to determining its higher anti-inflammatory activity.
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82
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Zhang K, Lyu W, Gao Y, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huang B. Choline-Mediated Lipid Reprogramming as a Dominant Salt Tolerance Mechanism in Grass Species Lacking Glycine Betaine. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 61:2018-2030. [PMID: 32931553 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Choline, as a precursor of glycine betaine (GB) and phospholipids, is known to play roles in plant tolerance to salt stress, but the downstream metabolic pathways regulated by choline conferring salt tolerance are still unclear for non-GB-accumulating species. The objectives were to examine how choline affects salt tolerance in a non-GB-accumulating grass species and to determine major metabolic pathways of choline regulating salt tolerance involving GB or lipid metabolism. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) plants were subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) with or without foliar application of choline chloride (1 mM) in a growth chamber. Choline or GB alone and the combined application increased leaf photochemical efficiency, relative water content and osmotic adjustment and reduced leaf electrolyte leakage. Choline application had no effects on the endogenous GB content and GB synthesis genes did not show responses to choline under nonstress and salt stress conditions. GB was not detected in Kentucky bluegrass leaves. Lipidomic analysis revealed an increase in the content of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and a decrease in the phosphatidic acid content by choline application in plants exposed to salt stress. Choline-mediated lipid reprogramming could function as a dominant salt tolerance mechanism in non-GB-accumulating grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiting Lyu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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83
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Lipid Compositions and Geographical Discrimination of 94 Geographically Authentic Wheat Samples Based on UPLC-MS with Non-Targeted Lipidomic Approach. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010010. [PMID: 33374499 PMCID: PMC7822159 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the staple food for the world’s major populations. However, chemical characters of geographically authentic wheat samples, especially for the lipids, have not been deeply studied. The present research aimed to investigate lipid compositions of Chinese wheat samples and clarify the major markers that contribute to the geographical differences. A total of 94 wheat samples from eight main wheat-producing provinces in China were evaluated to differentiate their lipid compositions. Based on the data collected from ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS), an optimized non-targeted lipidomic method was utilized for analyses. As the results, 62 lipid compounds, including fatty acids, phospholipids, galactolipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, alkylresorcinol, and ceramide were tentatively identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated a more satisfying performance in distinguishing wheat samples from different origins compared with principal component analysis (PCA). Further, the abundances of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids with more unsaturated fatty acids were found greater in wheat samples from northern origins of China, while more glycolipids and unsaturated fatty acids arose in southern original wheat samples. These findings describe the lipid profiles of wheat samples in China and could contribute to the quality and safety control for the wheat flour products.
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84
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Zoong Lwe ZS, Welti R, Anco D, Naveed S, Rustgi S, Narayanan S. Heat stress elicits remodeling in the anther lipidome of peanut. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22163. [PMID: 33335149 PMCID: PMC7747596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) anther lipidome under heat stress (HT) will aid in understanding the mechanisms of heat tolerance. We profiled the anther lipidome of seven genotypes exposed to ambient temperature (AT) or HT during flowering. Under AT and HT, the lipidome was dominated by phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TAG) species (> 50% of total lipids). Of 89 lipid analytes specified by total acyl carbons:total carbon–carbon double bonds, 36:6, 36:5, and 34:3 PC and 34:3 PE (all contain 18:3 fatty acid and decreased under HT) were the most important lipids that differentiated HT from AT. Heat stress caused decreases in unsaturation indices of membrane lipids, primarily due to decreases in highly-unsaturated lipid species that contained 18:3 fatty acids. In parallel, the expression of Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-2 (FAD3-2; converts 18:2 fatty acids to 18:3) decreased under HT for the heat-tolerant genotype SPT 06-07 but not for the susceptible genotype Bailey. Our results suggested that decreasing lipid unsaturation levels by lowering 18:3 fatty-acid amount through reducing FAD3 expression is likely an acclimation mechanism to heat stress in peanut. Thus, genotypes that are more efficient in doing so will be relatively more tolerant to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolian S Zoong Lwe
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Anco
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Edisto Research & Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Pee Dee Research & Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Pee Dee Research & Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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85
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Liu X, Wang S, Deng X, Zhang Z, Yin L. Comprehensive evaluation of physiological traits under nitrogen stress and participation of linolenic acid in nitrogen-deficiency response in wheat seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:501. [PMID: 33143654 PMCID: PMC7607636 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a major constraint for plant production in many areas. Developing the new crop genotypes with high productivity under N deficiency is an important approach to maintain agricultural production. Therefore, understanding how plant response to N deficiency and the mechanism of N-deficiency tolerance are very important for sustainable development of modern crop production. RESULTS In this study, the physiological responses and fatty acid composition were investigated in 24 wheat cultivars under N-deficient stress. Through Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the responses of 24 wheat cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that the plant growth and carbohydrate metabolism were all differently affected by N deficiency in all tested wheat cultivars. The seedlings that had high shoot biomass also maintained high level of chlorophyll content under N deficiency. Moreover, the changes in fatty acid composition, especially the linolenic acid (18:3) and the double bond index (DBI), showed close positive correlations with the shoot dry weight and chlorophyll content alterations in response to N-deficient condition. These results indicated that beside the chlorophyll content, the linolenic acid content and DBI may also contribute to N-deficiency adaptation, thus could be considered as efficient indicators for evaluation of different response in wheat seedlings under N-deficient condition. CONCLUSIONS The alteration in fatty acid composition can potentially contribute to N-deficiency tolerance in plants, and the regulation of fatty acid compositions maybe an effective strategy for plants to adapt to N-deficient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of cotton and wheat, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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86
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Li J, Liu LN, Meng Q, Fan H, Sui N. The roles of chloroplast membrane lipids in abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807152. [PMID: 32815751 PMCID: PMC7588187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts have complex membrane systems. Among these, thylakoids serve as the sites for photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related adaptation. In addition to the photosynthetic membrane complexes and associated molecules, lipids in the thylakoid membranes, are predominantly composed of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and PG (phosphatidylglycerol), play essential roles in shaping the thylakoid architecture, electron transfer, and photoregulation. In this review, we discuss the effect of abiotic stress on chloroplast structure, the changes in membrane lipid composition, and the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Advanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating chloroplast membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids in response to abiotic stresses is indispensable for improving plant resistance and may inform the strategies of crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hai Fan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- CONTACT Na Sui
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87
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Itam M, Mega R, Tadano S, Abdelrahman M, Matsunaga S, Yamasaki Y, Akashi K, Tsujimoto H. Metabolic and physiological responses to progressive drought stress in bread wheat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17189. [PMID: 33057205 PMCID: PMC7560863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Tritium aestivum) is vulnerable to future climate change because it is predominantly grown under rain-fed conditions in drought-prone areas. Thus, in-depth understanding of drought effect on wheat metabolism is essential for developing drought-tolerant wheat varieties. Here, we exposed wheat 'Norin 61' plants to progressive drought stress [0 (before drought), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after withholding water] during the flowering stage to investigate physiological and metabolomic responses. Transcriptional analyses of key abscisic acid-responsive genes indicated that abscisic acid signalling played a major role in the adaptation of wheat to water deficit. Carbon isotope composition had a higher value than the control while canopy temperature (CT) increased under drought stress. The CT depression was tightly correlated with soil water potential (SWP). Additionally, SWP at - 517 kPa was identified as the critical point for increasing CT and inducing reactive oxygen species. Metabolome analysis identified four potential drought-responsive biomarkers, the enhancement of nitrogen recycling through purine and pyrimidine metabolism, drought-induced senescence based on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and Asn accumulation, and an anti-senescence response through serotonin accumulation under severe drought stress. Our findings provide in-depth insight into molecular, physiological and metabolite changes involved in drought response which are useful for wheat breeding programs to develop drought-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Itam
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mega
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 6800001, Japan.
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Shota Tadano
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 6800001, Japan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Sachiko Matsunaga
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 6800001, Japan
| | - Kinya Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 6800001, Japan
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88
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Kovács T, Ahres M, Pálmai T, Kovács L, Uemura M, Crosatti C, Galiba G. Decreased R:FR Ratio in Incident White Light Affects the Composition of Barley Leaf Lipidome and Freezing Tolerance in a Temperature-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207557. [PMID: 33066276 PMCID: PMC7593930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cereals, C-repeat binding factor genes have been defined as key components of the light quality-dependent regulation of frost tolerance by integrating phytochrome-mediated light and temperature signals. This study elucidates the differences in the lipid composition of barley leaves illuminated with white light or white light supplemented with far-red light at 5 or 15 °C. According to LC-MS analysis, far-red light supplementation increased the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol species 36:6, 36:5, and 36:4 after 1 day at 5 °C, and 10 days at 15 °C resulted in a perturbed content of 38:6 species. Changes were observed in the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine under white light supplemented with far-red light illumination at 15 °C, whereas robust changes were observed in the amount of several phosphatidylserine species at 5 °C. At 15 °C, the amount of some phosphatidylglycerol species increased as a result of white light supplemented with far-red light illumination after 1 day. The ceramide (42:2)-3 content increased regardless of the temperature. The double-bond index of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine ceramide together with total double-bond index changed when the plant was grown at 15 °C as a function of white light supplemented with far-red light. white light supplemented with far-red light increased the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol/diacylglycerol ratio as well. The gene expression changes are well correlated with the alterations in the lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (G.G.)
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Campus, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tamás Pálmai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (G.G.)
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- Department of Plant-Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, 29017 San Protaso, Italy;
| | - Gabor Galiba
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (M.A.); (T.P.); (G.G.)
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Campus, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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89
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Vahedi A, Bigdelou P, Farnoud AM. Quantitative analysis of red blood cell membrane phospholipids and modulation of cell-macrophage interactions using cyclodextrins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15111. [PMID: 32934292 PMCID: PMC7492248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is asymmetric with respect to its phospholipid composition. Analysis of the lipid composition of the outer leaflet is important for understanding cell membrane biology in health and disease. Here, a method based on cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange to characterize the phospholipids in the outer leaflet of red blood cells (RBCs) is reported. Methyl-α-cyclodextrin, loaded with exogenous lipids, was used to extract phospholipids from the membrane outer leaflet, while delivering lipids to the cell to maintain cell membrane integrity. Thin layer chromatography and lipidomics demonstrated that the extracted lipids were from the membrane outer leaflet. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SM) were the most abundant phospholipids in the RBCs outer leaflet with PC 34:1 and SM 34:1 being the most abundant species. Fluorescence quenching confirmed the delivery of exogenous lipids to the cell outer leaflet. The developed lipid exchange method was then used to remove phosphatidylserine, a phagocyte recognition marker, from the outer leaflet of senescent RBCs. Senescent RBCs with reconstituted membranes were phagocytosed in significantly lower amounts compared to control cells, demonstrating the efficiency of the lipid exchange process and its application in modifying cell–cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Vahedi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, 161 Stocker Center, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Parnian Bigdelou
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, 161 Stocker Center, Athens, OH, 45701, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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90
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Wu S, Hu C, Yang X, Tan Q, Yao S, Zhou Y, Wang X, Sun X. Molybdenum induces alterations in the glycerolipidome that confer drought tolerance in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5074-5086. [PMID: 32369576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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91
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de Vries J, de Vries S, Curtis BA, Zhou H, Penny S, Feussner K, Pinto DM, Steinert M, Cohen AM, von Schwartzenberg K, Archibald JM. Heat stress response in the closest algal relatives of land plants reveals conserved stress signaling circuits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1025-1048. [PMID: 32333477 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
All land plants (embryophytes) share a common ancestor that likely evolved from a filamentous freshwater alga. Elucidating the transition from algae to embryophytes - and the eventual conquering of Earth's surface - is one of the most fundamental questions in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated one of the organismal properties that might have enabled this transition: resistance to drastic temperature shifts. We explored the effect of heat stress in Mougeotia and Spirogyra, two representatives of Zygnematophyceae - the closest known algal sister lineage to land plants. Heat stress induced pronounced phenotypic alterations in their plastids, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy-based profiling of 565 transitions for the analysis of main central metabolites revealed significant shifts in 43 compounds. We also analyzed the global differential gene expression responses triggered by heat, generating 92.8 Gbp of sequence data and assembling a combined set of 8905 well-expressed genes. Each organism had its own distinct gene expression profile; less than one-half of their shared genes showed concordant gene expression trends. We nevertheless detected common signature responses to heat such as elevated transcript levels for molecular chaperones, thylakoid components, and - corroborating our metabolomic data - amino acid metabolism. We also uncovered the heat-stress responsiveness of genes for phosphorelay-based signal transduction that links environmental cues, calcium signatures and plastid biology. Our data allow us to infer the molecular heat stress response that the earliest land plants might have used when facing the rapidly shifting temperature conditions of the terrestrial habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruce A Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Biological Spectrometry Core Facility, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 661 University Ave, Suite 505, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
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92
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Shiva S, Samarakoon T, Lowe KA, Roach C, Vu HS, Colter M, Porras H, Hwang C, Roth MR, Tamura P, Li M, Schrick K, Shah J, Wang X, Wang H, Welti R. Leaf Lipid Alterations in Response to Heat Stress of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070845. [PMID: 32635518 PMCID: PMC7412450 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In response to elevated temperatures, plants alter the activities of enzymes that affect lipid composition. While it has long been known that plant leaf membrane lipids become less unsaturated in response to heat, other changes, including polygalactosylation of galactolipids, head group acylation of galactolipids, increases in phosphatidic acid and triacylglycerols, and formation of sterol glucosides and acyl sterol glucosides, have been observed more recently. In this work, by measuring lipid levels with mass spectrometry, we confirm the previously observed changes in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf lipids under three heat stress regimens. Additionally, in response to heat, increased oxidation of the fatty acyl chains of leaf galactolipids, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, and phosphatidylglycerols, and incorporation of oxidized acyl chains into acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols are shown. We also observed increased levels of digalactosylmonoacylglycerols and monogalactosylmonoacylglycerols. The hypothesis that a defect in sterol glycosylation would adversely affect regrowth of plants after a severe heat stress regimen was tested, but differences between wild-type and sterol glycosylation-defective plants were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Shiva
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Thilani Samarakoon
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaleb A. Lowe
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Charles Roach
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hieu Sy Vu
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Madeline Colter
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hollie Porras
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Caroline Hwang
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Mary R. Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Pamela Tamura
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Maoyin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA; (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA; (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0802, USA;
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (R.W.)
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Kroth A, Santos MDCQ, da Silva TCB, Silveira EMS, Trapp M, Bezzerra RMN, Simabuco F, Niero R, Partata WA. Aqueous extract from Luehea divaricata Mart. Leaves reduces nociception in rats with neuropathic pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112761. [PMID: 32171894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Luehea divaricata, popularly known in Brazil as "açoita-cavalo", has been widely explored by different ethnic groups native to Brazil to treat different pathologic conditions, including inflammatory pain. However, no report could be found on the effect that extract of L. divaricata has on neuropathic pain. This is an important topic because convergent and divergent mechanisms underlie inflammatory vs. neuropathic pain indicate that there may not always be a clear mechanistic delineation between these two conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to determine antioxidant activity and macronutrient composition of aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata, and the effect of oral administration on nociception in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain, one of the most commonly employed animal models of neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTS●+ and ORAC methods. Vitexin was determined by HPLC to show that the composition of the extract of the present study is similar to that used in previous studies with this genus. Total sugar and sucrose concentrations were assessed by the anthrone method, while glucose and triacilglycerides were determined using commercially available kits. Fructose concentration was calculated from values for total sugars, glucose and sucrose. Total protein was determined by Bradford assay. The effect on DNA strand breaking was investigated by inhibition of strand breaking of supercoiled DNA by hydroxyl radical. The antinociceptive effects of aqueous extract (100, 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, i.g.) were evaluated on thermal and mechanical thresholds for neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. We also compared the antinociceptive effect of the extract (500 mg/kg, i.g.) with that induced by gabapentin (50 mg/kg, i.g.), a first-line clinical treatment for neuropathic pain. The effect of co-administration of extract (500 mg/kg, i.g.) and low-dose gabapentin (30 mg/kg, i.g.) was also assessed. In addition, the effect of the extract on body weight, and blood and hepatic parameters were investigated to reveal possible side effects of treatment. RESULTS The extract showed high content of total phenol; good reducing capacity for DPPH, ABTS●+ and ORAC assays; presence of vitexin; and a high capacity to inhibit strand breaking of supercoiled DNA. The predominant sugar was sucrose, followed by glucose and fructose. Total protein was greater than triacylglycerides, with the latter being present in a trace amount in the extract. The extract increased the thermal and mechanical thresholds, which was reduced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was comparable to gabapentin and was also found after co-administration of extract and low-dose gabapentin. No significant change was found in body weight and blood and hepatic indicators after extract treatment. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous extract from L. divaricata leaves was as effective as gabapentin at attenuating CCI-induced neuropathic pain, indicating for first time the therapeutic potential of this species for this type of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarly Kroth
- Área Ciências da Vida e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Rua Getúlio Vargas, 2125, Bairro Flor da Serra, CEP 89600-000, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Quevedo Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Farroupilha, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaisla Cristiane Borella da Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Farroupilha, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elza Maria Santos Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Farroupilha, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Trapp
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Farroupilha, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Simabuco
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Unicamp Campus 2, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, CEP 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Campus Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, CEP 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Wania Aparecida Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Farroupilha, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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94
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Melatonin Suppressed the Heat Stress-Induced Damage in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating the Antioxidant Machinery. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070809. [PMID: 32605176 PMCID: PMC7412093 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various environmental stresses, including heat stress (HS). In this study, a 100 μM melatonin (MT) pretreatment followed by exposure to heat stress for different time periods was found to efficiently reduce oxidative stress by preventing the over-accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), and increasing proline (Pro) biosynthesis. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were increased substantially in MT-pretreated wheat seedlings. The presence of MT significantly improved the heat tolerance of wheat seedlings by modulating their antioxidant defense system, activating the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle comprising ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and increasing glutathione reductase (GR) activities. It also held the photosynthetic machinery stable by increasing the chlorophyll content. Enhancement in the endogenous MT contents was also observed in the MT+HS-treated plants. Furthermore, the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes TaSOD, TaPOD, and TaCAT, and anti-stress responsive genes, such as TaMYB80, TaWRKY26, and TaWRKY39, was also induced in MT-treated seedlings. Due to these notable changes, an improvement in stress resistance was observed in MT-treated seedlings compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that MT can play a key role in boosting the stress tolerance of plants by modulating the antioxidant defense system and regulating the transcription of stress-responsive genes.
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95
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Exogenous Fatty Acids Remodel Staphylococcus aureus Lipid Composition through Fatty Acid Kinase. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00128-20. [PMID: 32366591 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00128-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can utilize exogenous fatty acids for phospholipid synthesis. The fatty acid kinase FakA is essential for this utilization by phosphorylating exogenous fatty acids for incorporation into lipids. How FakA impacts the lipid membrane composition is unknown. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to determine the membrane lipid composition and properties of S. aureus in the absence of fakA We found the fakA mutant to have increased abundance of lipids containing longer acyl chains. Since S. aureus does not synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, we utilized oleic acid (18:1) to track exogenous fatty acid incorporation into lipids. We observed a concentration-dependent incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the membrane that required FakA. We also tested how FakA and exogenous fatty acids impact membrane-related physiology and identified changes in membrane potential, cellular respiration, and membrane fluidity. To mimic the host environment, we characterized the lipid composition of wild-type and fakA mutant bacteria grown in mouse skin homogenate. We show that wild-type S. aureus can incorporate exogenous unsaturated fatty acids from host tissue, highlighting the importance of FakA in the presence of host skin tissue. In conclusion, FakA is important for maintaining the composition and properties of the phospholipid membrane in the presence of exogenous fatty acids, impacting overall cell physiology.IMPORTANCE Environmental fatty acids can be harvested to supplement endogenous fatty acid synthesis to produce membranes and circumvent fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors. However, how the inability to use these fatty acids impacts lipids is unclear. Our results reveal lipid composition changes in response to fatty acid addition and when S. aureus is unable to activate fatty acids through FakA. We identify concentration-dependent utilization of oleic acid that, when combined with previous work, provides evidence that fatty acids can serve as a signal to S. aureus Furthermore, using mouse skin homogenates as a surrogate for in vivo conditions, we showed that S. aureus can incorporate host fatty acids. This study highlights how exogenous fatty acids impact bacterial membrane composition and function.
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96
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Djanaguiraman M, Narayanan S, Erdayani E, Prasad PVV. Effects of high temperature stress during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, lipids and grain yield in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 32517754 PMCID: PMC7285450 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of development cause significant yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two independent experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of HT during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, leaf lipidome, and yield traits in wheat. In experiment I, wheat genotype Seri82 was exposed to optimum temperature (OT; 22/14 °C; day/night) or HT (32/22 °C) for 14 d during anthesis stage. In experiment II, the plants were exposed to OT or HT for 14 d during the grain filling stage. During the HT stress, chlorophyll index, thylakoid membrane damage, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and leaf lipid composition were measured. At maturity, grain yield and its components were quantified. RESULTS HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage decreased photosynthetic rate (17 and 25%, respectively) and grain yield plant- 1 (29 and 44%, respectively), and increased thylakoid membrane damage (61 and 68%, respectively) compared to their respective control (OT). HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage increased the molar percentage of less unsaturated lipid species [36:5- monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)]. However, at grain filling stage, HT stress decreased the molar percentage of more unsaturated lipid species (36:6- MGDG and DGDG). There was a significant positive relationship between photosynthetic rate and grain yield plant- 1, and a negative relationship between thylakoid membrane damage and photosynthetic rate. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that maintaining thylakoid membrane stability, and seed-set per cent and individual grain weight under HT stress can improve the photosynthetic rate and grain yield, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Djanaguiraman
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - S Narayanan
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 212 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - E Erdayani
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Center, Kab. Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - P V V Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA.
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97
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Abdelrahman M, Ishii T, El-Sayed M, Tran LSP. Heat Sensing and Lipid Reprograming as a Signaling Switch for Heat Stress Responses in Wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1399-1407. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Temperature is an essential physical factor that affects the plant life cycle. Almost all plant species have evolved a robust signal transduction system that enables them to sense changes in the surrounding temperature, relay this message and accordingly adjust their metabolism and cellular functions to avoid heat stress-related damage. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), being a cool-season crop, is very sensitive to heat stress. Any increase in the ambient temperature, especially at the reproductive and grain-filling stages, can cause a drastic loss in wheat yield. Heat stress causes lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress, resulting in the damage of thylakoid membranes and the disruption of their function, which ultimately decreases photosynthesis and crop yield. The cell membrane/plasma membrane plays prominent roles as an interface system that perceives and translates the changes in environmental signals into intracellular responses. Thus, membrane lipid composition is a critical factor in heat stress tolerance or susceptibility in wheat. In this review, we elucidate the possible involvement of calcium influx as an early heat stress-responsive mechanism in wheat plants. In addition, the physiological implications underlying the changes in lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress in wheat and other plant species will be discussed. In-depth knowledge about wheat lipid reprograming can help develop heat-tolerant wheat varieties and provide approaches to solve the impact of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishii
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| | - Magdi El-Sayed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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98
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Ozolina NV, Gurina VV, Nesterkina IS, Nurminsky VN. Variations in the content of tonoplast lipids under abiotic stress. PLANTA 2020; 251:107. [PMID: 32440739 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar membrane is an essential component in protecting the plant cell from stress factors. Different variations in the tonoplast lipid content, which depend on the type of stress, have been reviewed. The lipid content of vacuolar membranes of beet roots (Beta vulgaris L.) under hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic and oxidative types of stress has been studied. These types of stress induce variations in the content of almost all the classes of studied lipids (phospholipids, glycoglycerolipids, sterols and fatty acids). The variations, which are characteristic of a single stress, include the variations (i) in the content of individual glycoglycerolipids and in their total content, (ii) in the total content of sterols, and (iii) in the ratio of content of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine in the scope of tonoplast phospholipids. Variations observed under all of the types of stress under scrutiny include (i) variations in the content of fatty acids of tonoplast lipids, (ii) some decrease in the content of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine, and (iii) variations in the content of individual sterols. Stigmasterol, campesterol, as well as the stigmasterol/sitosterol ratio increased in varying degrees under all of the types of stress. The most substantial variations have been observed in the content of sterols under abiotic stress. This is probably due to role of sterols in regulation of such membrane characteristics as permeability and microviscosity. In our opinion, sterols may represent one of the main components of tonoplast adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Veronika V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
| | - Irina S Nesterkina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vadim N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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99
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Comparative Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Heat Stress Responses of Two Soybean Genotypes Differing in Temperature Sensitivity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040457. [PMID: 32260392 PMCID: PMC7238245 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced changes in lipidome and their influence on stress adaptation are not well-defined in plants. We investigated if lipid metabolic changes contribute to differences in heat stress responses in a heat-tolerant soybean genotype DS25-1 and a heat-susceptible soybean genotype DT97-4290. Both genotypes were grown at optimal temperatures (OT; 30/20 °C) for 15 days. Subsequently, half of the plants were exposed to heat stress (38/28 °C) for 11 days, and the rest were kept at OT. Leaf samples were collected for lipid and RNA extractions on the 9th and 11th days of stress, respectively. We observed a decline in the lipid unsaturation level due to a decrease in the polyunsaturated linolenic acid (18:3) content in DS25-1. When examined under OT conditions, DS25-1 and DT97-4290 showed no significant differences in the expression pattern of the Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD) 2-1A, FAD2-2B, FAD2-2C, FAD3A genes. Under heat stress conditions, substantial reductions in the expression levels of the FAD3A and FAD3B genes, which convert 18:2 lipids to 18:3, were observed in DS25-1. Our results suggest that decrease in levels of lipids containing 18:3 acyl chains under heat stress in DS25-1 is a likely consequence of reduced FAD3A and FAD3B expression, and the decrease in 18:3 contributes to DS25-1′s maintenance of membrane functionality and heat tolerance.
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100
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Wei J, Liu X, Li L, Zhao H, Liu S, Yu X, Shen Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Shu Y, Ma H. Quantitative proteomic, physiological and biochemical analysis of cotyledon, embryo, leaf and pod reveals the effects of high temperature and humidity stress on seed vigor formation in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:127. [PMID: 32216758 PMCID: PMC7098090 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean developing seed is susceptible to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress in the field, resulting in vigor reduction. Actually, the HTH in the field during soybean seed growth and development would also stress the whole plant, especially on leaf and pod, which in turn affect seed growth and development as well as vigor formation through nutrient supply and protection. RESULTS In the present study, using a pair of pre-harvest seed deterioration-sensitive and -resistant cultivars Ningzhen No. 1 and Xiangdou No. 3, the comprehensive effects of HTH stress on seed vigor formation during physiological maturity were investigated by analyzing cotyledon, embryo, leaf, and pod at the levels of protein, ultrastructure, and physiology and biochemistry. There were 247, 179, and 517 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf of cv. Xiangdou No. 3 under HTH stress, while 235, 366, and 479 DAPs were identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf of cv. Ningzhen No. 1. Moreover, 120, 144, and 438 DAPs between the two cultivars were identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf under HTH stress, respectively. Moreover, 120, 144, and 438 DAPs between the two cultivars were identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf under HTH stress, respectively. Most of the DAPs identified were found to be involved in major metabolic pathways and cellular processes, including signal transduction, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, photosynthesis, protein processing, folding and assembly, protein biosynthesis or degradation, plant-pathogen interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and oxidative stress response. The HTH stress had less negative effects on metabolic pathways, cell ultrastructure, and physiology and biochemistry in the four organs of Xiangdou No. 3 than in those of Ningzhen No. 1, leading to produce higher vigor seeds in the former. CONCLUSION High seed vigor formation is enhanced by increasing protein biosynthesis and nutrient storage in cotyledon, stronger stability and viability in embryo, more powerful photosynthetic capacity and nutrient supply in leaf, and stronger protection in pod under HTH stress. These results provide comprehensive characteristics of leaf, pod and seed (cotyledon and embryo) under HTH stress, and some of them can be used as selection index in high seed vigor breeding program in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Linzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Sushuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xingwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Yingzi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yali Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yajing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yingjie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100 China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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