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Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie D, Chandrasekharan D, Ta NH, Jumani K, Gupta R, Rocke J, Williams C, Tetteh A, Amnolsingh R, Khwaja S, Batterham RL, Yan CH, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Woods J, Brunton R, Boardman J, Hatter M, Abdelwahab M, Holsinger FC, Capasso R, Nayak JV, Hwang PH, Patel ZM, Paun S, Eynon-Lewis N, Kumar BN, Jayaraj S, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Lund VJ. The burden of olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Rhinology 2023; 61:93-96. [PMID: 36286227 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Counsell
- CRUK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gillespie
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Chandrasekharan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N H Ta
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Jumani
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Gupta
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Rocke
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - C Williams
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - A Tetteh
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Amnolsingh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Khwaja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK; Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - T A Treibel
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J C Moon
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J Woods
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - R Brunton
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - M Hatter
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Abdelwahab
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F C Holsinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Capasso
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J V Nayak
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P H Hwang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Z M Patel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Paun
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Eynon-Lewis
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - B N Kumar
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - S Jayaraj
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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Uematsu H, Shinoda K, Saito A, Sakai K. Deep venous thrombosis in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19: a case report. CEN Case Rep 2023; 12:98-103. [PMID: 35972687 PMCID: PMC9379217 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients have shown high mortality. In addition to their immunocompromised states, kidney transplant recipients frequently have certain exacerbation risk comorbidities of COVID-19, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Several concomitant diseases develop during the course of COVID-19, one of which is thromboembolism, which can potentially lead to a critical condition. However, thromboembolic complications in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have not been fully addressed in previous studies. A 62-year-old man, who underwent kidney transplantation 17 years ago, was diagnosed with COVID-19 and was admitted to our hospital. Although the patient was in remission at the start of the hospitalization, his condition became severe on day 7 after admission, with fever, elevated white blood cell counts (10,000/μL) and a high C-reactive protein level (6.9 mg/dL). Although the patient was not under forced bed rest, an ultrasound study on day 10 detected deep venous thrombosis (DVT), with an elevated D-dimer level (6.2 µg/dL). We withdrew the mycophenolate mofetyl and the tacrolimus dosage but did not administer any specific treatment for COVID-19. The patient achieved successful clearance of SARS-CoV-2 on day 16. The DVT disappeared after systematic heparin treatment and oral rivaroxaban for 2 months. DVT occurred in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19 who was not bedridden and might manifest when the clinical status was exacerbated during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Uematsu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Shinoda
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Saito
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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Content validity and psychometric properties of the inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome Plus (FLU-PRO Plus ©) instrument in patients with COVID-19. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:1645-1657. [PMID: 36703019 PMCID: PMC9879742 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A well-defined and reliable patient-reported outcome instrument for COVID-19 is important for assessing symptom severity and supporting research studies. The InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) instrument has been expanded to include loss of taste and smell in the FLU-PRO Plus, to comprehensively cover COVID-19 symptoms. Our studies were designed to evaluate and validate the FLU-PRO Plus among patients with COVID-19. METHODS Two studies were conducted: (1) a qualitative, non-interventional, cross-sectional study of patients with COVID-19 involving hybrid concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews; (2) a psychometric evaluation of the measurement properties of FLU-PRO Plus, using data from COMET-ICE (COVID-19 Monoclonal antibody Efficacy Trial-Intent to Care Early). RESULTS In the qualitative interviews (n = 30), all 34 items of the FLU-PRO Plus were considered relevant to COVID-19, and participants determined the questionnaire was easily understood, well written, and comprehensive. In the psychometric evaluation (n = 845), the internal consistency reliability of FLU-PRO Plus total score was 0.94, ranging from 0.71 to 0.90 for domain scores. Reproducibility (Day 20-21) was 0.83 for total score, with domain scores of 0.67-0.89. Confirmatory factor analysis with the novel smell/taste domain demonstrated an acceptable fit to the data. CONCLUSION The content, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the FLU-PRO Plus in the COVID-19 population were supported. Our results suggest that FLU-PRO Plus is a content- and psychometrically-valid, fit-for-purpose measure which is easily understood by patients. FLU-PRO Plus is a suitable PRO measure for evaluating symptoms of COVID-19 and treatment benefit directly from the patient perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT04545060, September 10, 2020; retrospectively registered.
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Hashemian F, Rezazadeh M, Irani AD, Moradi L. Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients as a prognostic factor: a systematic review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2023. [PMCID: PMC9869306 DOI: 10.1186/s43163-022-00360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The reduction, loss, or impaired sense of smell and taste is common in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to investigate olfactory disorders (ODs) in patients with COVID-19 as a prognostic factor.
Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies that assessed ODs in patients with COVID-19 were included. International databases, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched up to 20 March 2021. The random-effects model was used to combine the results of studies. Results were reported with a 95% confidence interval.
Results
In this study, out of 724 references, ten studies had the inclusion criteria. The odds of death in patients with the OD were 69% lower than in those without the ODs (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.69), and OD increased the odds of positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (OR = 13.34, 95% CI: 4.2, 42.37).
Conclusions
The findings of our study showed that OD had an inverse and significant relationship with death in COVID-19 patients, and the patients with OD seemed to have a lower risk of mortality.
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Debbaneh P, McKinnon L, Haidari M, Liang J. Drug-induced olfactory and gustatory dysfunction: Analysis of FDA adverse events reporting system. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023:S0385-8146(22)00240-1. [PMID: 36682949 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing interest and research in olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD). Drug-induced dysfunction is an often overlooked etiology. While several medications include smell or taste disturbance as a side effect, there are no publications describing which medications are most frequently implicated. We aim to describe the patterns of these adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS The FAERS database was queried from 2011 to 2021 for terms describing ADRs related to OGD. Terms included anosmia, hyposmia, olfactory test abnormal, olfactory nerve disorder, hallucination olfactory, parosmia, ageusia, hypogeusia, dysgeusia, and taste disorder. We identified the top reported medications associated with general smell dysfunction, general taste dysfunction, reduced smell, and altered smell. RESULTS From 2011 to 2021, 16,091 ADRs were reported with OGD, of which13,641 (84.8%) and 2,450 (15.2%) were associated with gustatory and olfactory reactions, respectively. Zinc products (370 reports) and fluticasone propionate (214) were most commonly associated with olfactory dysfunction, specifically reduced olfaction. Varenicline (24) and fluticasone propionate (23) were most commonly associated with altered smell. Lenalidomide (490) and sunitinib (468) were most commonly associated with gustatory dysfunction. Antineoplastic and immunomodulating medications accounted for 21.6% and 36.3% of olfactory and gustatory ADRs, respectively. Among this category, immunoglobulin drugs were the most commonly associated with OGD ADRs. CONCLUSION Gustatory dysfunction is more commonly reported ADR compared with olfactory dysfunction. Immunologic/rheumatologic medications are the leading culprit of reported OGD. With increasing numbers of patients presenting to otolaryngologists for OGD, it is important to consider drug-induced etiology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Debbaneh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, 3600 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, USA.
| | | | - Muhib Haidari
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, 3600 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
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The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:7448034. [PMID: 36714533 PMCID: PMC9876686 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7448034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical and Medical (CBM) Database, and Wanfang Database were electronically searched from their inception to July 25, 2022. Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment to ensure systematic quality evaluation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TCM with olfactory training and/or drug therapy (OTDT) were included. The outcomes were the effective rate, QOD-P, TDI score, UPSIT score, and adverse effects. Cochrane RoB was the guideline used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included trials. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 6 RCTs involving 467 patients with PVOD were selected. Compared with OTDT, TCM plus OTDT decreased QOD-P (MD = -1.73, 95% CI (-2.40, -1.06), P < 0.0001) but did not increase the effective rate (T&T) (RR = 1.28, 95% CI (0.86, 1.90), P=0.22, I 2 = 61%). Compared with no treatment, TCM seemed to increase the treatment success rate (UPSIT) (RR = 3.17, 95% CI (1.78, 5.65), P < 0.0001, I 2 = 0%), but there was no statistically significant difference in improving the UPSIT score (MD = 3.44, 95% CI (-1.36, 8.24), P=0.16). Compared with drug therapy, TCM plus drug therapy appeared to increase the effective rate (ΔVAS) (RR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.41, 3.94), I 2 = 0%), but there was no statistically significant difference in improving the TDI score (MD = 2.10, 95% CI (-1.99, 6.19), P=0.31). No significant differences in adverse reactions were reported between TCM and OTDT. Conclusion TCM may be an effective treatment for PVOD. With a lack of high-quality RCTs, further large-scale and high-quality RCTs are still warranted.
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Flamier A, Bisht P, Richards A, Tomasello D, Jaenisch R. Human iPS cell-derived sensory neurons can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1/2020 as well as variants delta and omicron. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523422. [PMID: 36711852 PMCID: PMC9882040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has impacted billions of people in the world since 2019 and unfolded a major healthcare crisis. With an increasing number of deaths and the emergence of more transmissible variants, it is crucial to better understand the biology of the disease-causing virus, the SARS-CoV-2. Peripheral neuropathies appeared as a specific COVID-19 symptom occurring at later stages of the disease. In order to understand the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the peripheral nervous system, we generated human sensory neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells that we infected with the SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1/2020 and the variants delta and omicron. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we found that human sensory neurons can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 but are unable to produce new viruses. Our data suggests that sensory neurons can be infected by the original WA1/2020 strain of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the delta and omicron variants.
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Zayed AM, Afsah O, Elhadidy T, Abou-Elsaad T. Screening for oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:2623-2631. [PMID: 36607433 PMCID: PMC9821362 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted on 500 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the age range of 19-65 years who were admitted to the main university isolation hospital (whether admitted in the ward or the intensive care unit). Screening for OD was done using the Arabic version of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and the Yale swallow protocol. RESULTS 45.4% of the admitted and 40.97% of the discharged COVID-19 patients had a positive screen for OD. Several risk factors for OD could be detected. These include older age, longer duration of presenting symptoms of COVID-19, presence of ageusia and anosmia, presence of dysphonia, ICU admission, lower oxygen saturation, higher respiratory rate, presence of OD at admission, longer duration of hospital stay, and use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). CONCLUSIONS Screening for OD in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is a mandatory procedure, whether for admitted or discharged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Zayed
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Omayma Afsah
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Tamer Elhadidy
- Chest Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tamer Abou-Elsaad
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Estrada-Serrano M, García-Covarrubias L, García-Covarrubias A, Hernández-Rivera JC, Santos-Mansur A. [Risk factors at admission associated with intubation in patients with COVID-19]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:68-74. [PMID: 36542549 PMCID: PMC10396005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Intubation rates up to 33% have been found in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Some cohorts have reported the presence of dyspnea in 84.1% of intubated patients, being this the only symptom associated with intubation. Oxygen saturation < 90% and increased respiratory rate have also been described as predictors of intubation. Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with intubation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at their admission. Material and methods An observational, retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe of study consisted of patients over 18 years of age hospitalized due to a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection from April 1, 2020 to April 31, 2021 in the Hospital de Especialidades (Specialties Hospital) "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" at the National Medical Center. Results The mean age of intubated patients was 59.17 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] -9.994 to -3.299, p < 0.001). Overall, 76.7% (230) of patients had a history of one or more preexisting comorbidities, including hypertension in 42.3% (127), obesity in 36.7% (110), and diabetes mellitus in 34.3% (103). Conclusions The main clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in our center who required intubation are very similar to those observed in different centers, including male sex, age over 50 years and obesity, which were the most common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Estrada-Serrano
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Luis García-Covarrubias
- Secretaría de Salud, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Departamento de Cirugía. Ciudad de México, MéxicoSecretaría de SaludMéxico
| | - Aldo García-Covarrubias
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Gastrocirugía. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández-Rivera
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Gastrocirugía. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Adriana Santos-Mansur
- Secretaría de Salud, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Departamento de Cirugía. Ciudad de México, MéxicoSecretaría de SaludMéxico
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Nagata Cavalheiro M, Fonseca VR, Zeigelboim BS, Costa DF, de Lima LV, Bozzo MK, Tonochi RDC, Hartmann BC. Evaluating the Quality of Rigid Optic Videolaryngoscopy Image Taken Through Dental Protection Cap and Its Feasibility as Additional Barrier Method Against COVID-19. J Voice 2023; 37:141.e13-141.e21. [PMID: 33168360 PMCID: PMC7605857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Videolaryngoscopy screening is essential to help assessing human larynx. The use of 70° optical fiber in association with image recording by analog or digital cameras is one of the methods adopted to perform this examination. Endoscopic exams can contaminate the equipment with several microorganisms. The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus reinforces the importance of developing efficient barrier methods to be adopted in videolaryngoscopy procedures. Although dental intraoral camera covers are a barrier method authorized by Brazilian health organs, it has not yet been used in videolaryngoscopy examinations. The aim of the current longitudinal, individualized, single-blind, prospective, self-controlled, and accurate study is to evaluate the quality of images generated through, and confidence level of, diagnosis based on videolaryngoscopy performed with intraoral dental camera equipped with disposable protection cap and connected to 70° rigid laryngoscope in vocally healthy individuals. Videolaryngoscopy examinations based on 70° rigid optics were performed in 13 euphonic and asymptomatic volunteers at an otorhinolaryngology specialist clinic; only 1 patient was excluded from the study. Images were taken with, and without, disposable intraoral dental camera protection cap; high-grade disinfection protocol was applied between examinations. Recorded videos were randomly distributed in a single-blind manner in order to be evaluated by four otorhinolaryngologists, who answered a questionnaire comprising three questions. Statistical analysis was used to compare groups - which were defined by the use, or not, of protection cap - based on Wilcoxon nonparametric test. Statistical significance was set at 5% with 95% confidence interval. There was no statistically significant difference in image quality between examinations performed with, and without, protection cap (P= 0.646) or in the diagnosis confidence level of examinations performed with, or without, the barrier method. The use of disposable protection cap on intraoral dental camera did not significantly change the quality of images taken through videolaryngoscopy performed with 70° rigid optics in vocally healthy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Ribas Fonseca
- Lauro Grein Filho Center for Otorhinolaryngological Studies,Positivo University,Postgraduate Program in Communication Disorders, Tuiuti do Paraná University,Brazilian Red Cross Hospital, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Diego F. Costa
- Lauro Grein Filho Center for Otorhinolaryngological Studies
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Ceron Hartmann
- Lauro Grein Filho Center for Otorhinolaryngological Studies,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Bruno Ceron Hartmann, Rua Marquês do Paraná, 1275, Apartamento 43, Bloco A, bairro Água Verde, Curitiba, Paraná CEP: 80620-210, Brazil
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Rezq KA, AI_Zaghmouri AH. Perception and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Nurses in Jordan. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231177560. [PMID: 37255582 PMCID: PMC10225959 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231177560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a key factor in protecting vulnerable populations, reducing healthcare burdens, and mitigating the economic and social impacts of the pandemic. Objective This study aims to investigate Jordanian nurses' perceptions, acceptance, and factors affecting their decisions toward the COVID-19 vaccines. Methods In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional design. Data have been investigated between July 1, 2021 and August 30, 2021. Nurses at three private hospitals in Jordan were surveyed online. The online survey, created using Google Forms, was distributed to nurses via email and social media sites (e.g., WhatsApp and Facebook). Participants were eligible if they were a RN nurse and/or nursing assistance, and had access to the internet via computer and/or smartphone. Results Out of 189 responses, 50.6% agreed to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, while 25.5% disagreed, and 23.9% were undecide to receive the vaccine. A large proportion (84.66%) of the respondents had a negative perception toward the vaccine, while only a small minority (15.34%) had a positive perception of it. The older nurses, those with more experience, and those with a higher level of education were more likely to accept the vaccine, with acceptance rates of 56.1%, 54.8%, and 63.9%, respectively. Conclusion Of the nurses surveyed, 84.66% had a negative perception of the COVID-19 vaccine, and only 50.6% reported that they would be willing to get vaccinated. It is crucial to address the concerns and reduce apprehension among nurses about the vaccine. Efforts to increase awareness about the importance of vaccination in controlling the disease through workshops and online meetings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulud Ahmad Rezq
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Nursing Department, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Akıncı T. Post-discharge persistent headache and smell or taste dysfunction after hospitalisation for COVID-19: a single-centre study. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:369-375. [PMID: 35304709 PMCID: PMC8933127 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency, characteristics, and persistence of headache in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients who are hospitalised and to determine if there is a link between headache and smell and/or taste dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In April and May 2020, patients who were hospitalised due to COVID-19 and had headache complaints were evaluated by a neurologist. In addition to clinical COVID-19 features, the characteristics and course of the patients' headaches were evaluated. The patients were contacted by phone 3 months after they were discharged from the hospital to determine the persistence of their symptoms. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included in the study, 54.1% were female; the mean age was 47.5 ± 13.9 years (between the ages of 21 and 84). Fifty-four patients (65.3%) presented with smell and/or taste dysfunction, and 14 patients (n = 14, 25.9%) still reported that dysfunction 3 months later. Moreover, 17 (20%) still had headaches 3 months after being discharged from the hospital. Persistent smell/taste disorders were significantly (p < 0.001) more frequent in patients with persistent headaches (59%) compared to those without (6%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this prospective study in COVID-19 patients presenting with headache upon admission, a correlation between persistent headache 3 months after discharge and persistent smell/taste dysfunction was found that could point to common underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Akıncı
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Selimiye, Tıbbiye Cd No:23, 34668 Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hannum ME, Koch RJ, Ramirez VA, Marks SS, Toskala AK, Herriman RD, Lin C, Joseph PV, Reed DR. Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad043. [PMID: 38100383 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory scientists have been skeptical that reports of COVID-19 taste loss are genuine, in part because before COVID-19 taste loss was rare and often confused with smell loss. Therefore, to establish the predicted prevalence rate of taste loss in COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 376 papers published in 2020-2021, with 235 meeting all inclusion criteria. Drawing on previous studies and guided by early meta-analyses, we explored how methodological differences (direct vs. self-report measures) may affect these estimates. We hypothesized that direct measures of taste are at least as sensitive as those obtained by self-report and that the preponderance of evidence confirms taste loss is a symptom of COVID-19. The meta-analysis showed that, among 138,015 COVID-19-positive patients, 36.62% reported taste dysfunction (95% confidence interval: 33.02%-40.39%), and the prevalence estimates were slightly but not significantly higher from studies using direct (n = 15) versus self-report (n = 220) methodologies (Q = 1.73, df = 1, P = 0.1889). Generally, males reported lower rates of taste loss than did females, and taste loss was highest among middle-aged adults. Thus, taste loss is likely a bona fide symptom of COVID-19, meriting further research into the most appropriate direct methods to measure it and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Hannum
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Riley J Koch
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Vicente A Ramirez
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95348, USA
| | - Sarah S Marks
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Aurora K Toskala
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Riley D Herriman
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle R Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
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Galvin V, Cheek DJ, Zhang Y, Collins G, Gaskin D. Short Communication: Stellate Ganglion Blockade for Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Symptoms Post-COVID-19. Local Reg Anesth 2023; 16:25-30. [PMID: 37162813 PMCID: PMC10164395 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s402197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred ninety-five patients presenting with post-COVID symptomology, including parosmia and dysgeusia, underwent reversible stellate ganglion blockade. Stellate ganglion blockade was performed at an outpatient facility, and patients were evaluated via survey at seven days post-injection. Of the 195 participants, ages ranged from 18-69 years of age with the breakdown of sexes being females n = 157 and males n = 38. The most significant finding was a reported improvement in olfaction post-injection in 87.4% of subjects. The effectiveness of this novel treatment for post-COVID is promising and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughna Galvin
- School of Nurse Anesthesia, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Vaughna Galvin, School of Nurse Anesthesia, Annie Richardson Bass Building, 2800 West Bowie Street, Suite 3101, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA, Tel +1 817-257-7887, Fax +1 817-257-5472, Email
| | - Dennis J Cheek
- School of Nursing, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Collins
- School of Nurse Anesthesia, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - David Gaskin
- Republic Pain Specialists, Physicians Centre Hospital, Bryan, TX, USA
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Fetyukov AV, Pshennikov DS, Zaitseva SE. [Olfactory, gustatory and auditory disorders associated with COVID-19. A systematic review of their distribution and pathogenesis]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2023; 88:61-66. [PMID: 38153895 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20238806161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The presented systematic review contains basic information about the frequency, characteristic features of the course and pathogenesis of olfactory, gustatory and auditory disorders that occur with COVID-19, with which an otorhinolaryngologist meets in his practice. These disorders are often the first, and sometimes the only, manifestations of the underlying disease, which determines their role in early diagnosis and timely detection of the underlying disease. The article includes original articles, clinical case reports and literary reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D S Pshennikov
- Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
- Semashko Ryazan Regional Clinical Hospital, Ryazan, Russia
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Yang Z, Ma Y, Bi W, Tang J. Exploring the research landscape of COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction: A bibliometric study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1164901. [PMID: 37034158 PMCID: PMC10079987 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1164901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, olfactory dysfunction (OD) has become an important and persistent legacy problem that seriously affects the quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze and visualize the current research status and development trend of COVID-19 related OD by using VOSviewer software. Based on the Web of Science database, a total of 1,592 relevant documents were retrieved in January 2023, with publication time spanning from 2020 to 2023. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the most influential research results in the field of COVID-19 related OD were concentrated in journals of related disciplines such as otorhinolaryngology, medicine, general and internal, virology, neurosciences, etc. The knowledge base of the research is mainly formed in two fields: COVID-19 clinical research and OD specialized research. The research hotspots are mainly concentrated in six directions: COVID-19, long COVID, smell, anosmia, OD, and recovery. Based on the results of the bibliometric analysis, the temporal trends of COVID-19 related OD studies were visually revealed, and relevant suggestions for future research were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Yang
- Library of Zhuhai Campus, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yukun Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Bi
| | - Jingqian Tang
- Department of Subject Service and Consultation, Jinan University Library, Guangzhou, China
- Intellectual Property Information Service Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Jingqian Tang
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Blijleven EE, Wegner I, Stokroos RJ, Thomeer HGXM. The impact of injury of the chorda tympani nerve during primary stapes surgery or cochlear implantation on taste function, quality of life and food preferences: A study protocol for a double-blind prospective prognostic association study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284571. [PMID: 37200313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chorda tympani nerve (CTN) is a mixed nerve, which carries sensory and parasympathetic fibres. The sensory component supplies the taste sensation of the anterior two-thirds of the ipsilateral side of the tongue. During middle ear surgery the CTN is exposed and frequently stretched or sacrificed, because it lacks a bony covering as it passes through the middle ear. Injury may cause hypogeusia, ageusia or altered taste sensation of the ipsilateral side of the tongue. To date, there is no consensus regarding which type of CTN injury (sacrificing or stretching), during middle ear surgery, leads to the least burden for the patient. METHODS A double-blind prospective prognostic association study was designed in a single medical centre in the Netherlands to determine the effect of CTN injury on postoperative taste disturbance and quality of life. 154 patients, who will undergo primary stapes surgery or cochlear implantation will be included. The taste sensation, food preferences and quality of life of these patients will be evaluated preoperatively and at one week, six weeks and six months postoperatively using the Taste Strip Test, Electrogustometry, supplementary questionnaire on taste disturbance, Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking Task, Appetite, Hunger and Sensory Perception questionnaire and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders to assess the association of these outcomes with CTN injury. Evaluation of olfactory function will only take place preoperatively and at one week postoperatively using the Sniffin' Sticks. The patient and outcome assessor are blinded to the presence or absence of CTN injury. DISCUSSION This study is the first to validate and quantify the effect of chorda tympani nerve injury on taste function. The findings of this study may lead to evidence-based proof of the effect of chorda tympani injury on taste function with consequences for surgical strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register NL9791. Registered on 10 October 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Blijleven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Wegner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Stokroos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans G X M Thomeer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Rodrigues NCP, de Noronha Andrade MK, Netto JT, Monteiro DLM, Lino VTS, Almeida EGR. Applying fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis to identify typical symptoms of COVID-19 infection in a primary care unit, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22319. [PMID: 36566326 PMCID: PMC9789733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify a set of symptoms that could be predictive of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the triage of Primary Care services with the contribution of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA). A cross-sectional study was carried out in a Primary Health Care Unit/FIOCRUZ from 09/17/2020 to 05/05/2021. The study population was suspect cases that performed diagnostic tests for COVID-19. We collected information about the symptoms to identify which configurations are associated with positive and negative cases. For analysis, we used fsQCA to explain the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case". The solution term "loss of taste or smell and no headache" showed the highest degree of association with the positive result (consistency = 0.81). The solution term "absence of loss of taste or smell combined with the absence of fever" showed the highest degree of association (consistency = 0,79) and is the one that proportionally best explains the negative result. Our results may be useful to the presumptive clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in scenarios where access to diagnostic tests is not available. We used an innovative method used in complex problems in Public Health, the fsQCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil ,grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-7th floor, Block D, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210 Brazil
| | - Mônica Kramer de Noronha Andrade
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil
| | - Joaquim Teixeira Netto
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil
| | - Denise Leite Maia Monteiro
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu, 444-2º Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 20550-170 Brazil
| | - Valéria Teresa Saraiva Lino
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil
| | - Eric Gustavo Ramos Almeida
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-7th floor, Block D, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210 Brazil
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Lechien JR, Le Bon SD, Saussez S. Platelet-rich plasma injection in the olfactory clefts of COVID-19 patients with long-term olfactory dysfunction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 280:2351-2358. [PMID: 36520209 PMCID: PMC9751511 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into the olfactory clefts of COVID-19 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD). METHODS From March 2022 to July 2022, COVID-19 patients with persistent OD were consecutively recruited to benefit from PRP injection into the olfactory clefts. Patient pain, annoyance, time of procedure, and adverse events were evaluated. Olfactory function was evaluated at baseline and 2-month post-injection with the olfactory disorder questionnaire (ODQ) and threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) test. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients with anosmia (N = 30), hyposmia (N = 40), or parosmia (N = 17) with a mean OD duration of 15.7 months completed the evaluations. The PRP injection was successfully performed in all patients with a mean procedure time of 18.4 ± 3.4 min. The adverse events included transient epistaxis (N = 31), parosmia related to xylocaine spray (N = 10), and vasovagal episode (N = 2). The injection procedure was evaluated as somewhat or moderately painful by 41 (47%) and 22 (25%) patients, respectively. Thirty-seven patients were assessed after 2 months post-injection. The mean ODQ and TDI scores significantly improved from baseline to 2-month post-injection (p < 0.01). The olfactory improvement occurred after a mean of 3.6 ± 1.9 weeks. CONCLUSION The injection of PRP into the olfactory clefts is safe and associated with adequate patient-reported outcomes. The findings of this preliminary study suggest possible efficacy on subjective and psychophysical evaluations, but future randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the superiority of PRP injection over placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Polyclinic of Poitiers, Elsan, Poitiers, France.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
- Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.
| | - Serge D Le Bon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
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Koyama S, Mori E, Ueha R. Insight into the mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction by COVID-19. Auris Nasus Larynx 2022:S0385-8146(22)00230-9. [PMID: 36529610 PMCID: PMC9731926 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the unique symptoms of COVID-19 is chemosensory dysfunction. Almost three years since the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, there have been many studies on the symptoms, progress, and possible causes, and also studies on methods that may facilitate recovery of the senses. Studies have shown that some people recover their senses even within a couple of weeks whereas there are other patients that fail to recover chemosensory functions fully for several months and some never fully recover. Here we summarize the symptoms and the progress, and then review the papers on the causation as well as the treatments that may help facilitate the recovery of the symptoms. Depending on the differences in the levels of severity and the locations where the main pathological venues are, what is most effective in facilitating recovery can vary largely across patients and thus may require individualized strategies for each patient. The goal of this paper is to provide some thoughts on these choices depending on the differences in the causes and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Indiana University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, United States,Correspondence author at: Indiana University, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W Tenth St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Eri Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rumi Ueha
- Swallowing Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Long haulers have been recently reported after contracting coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the present study, we aimed to screen for the neuropsychiatric signs detected <1 to >6 months after infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to determine whether vaccination has an effect on them. METHODS An online survey was conducted among participants who had been diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical signs and durations of neuropsychiatric complaints and their correlations to sex, age, severity of COVID-19 signs, and vaccination status were screened. RESULTS A total of 2218 individuals, including 1358 females and 860 males, with an age range of 12-70 years, submitted their responses. The respondents experienced cognitive dysfunction, mood alteration, depression, tinnitus, sleep disorders, and loss of taste and smell, with prevalence rates ranging from 18.9% (tinnitus) to 63.9% (loss of taste and smell). Of the respondents, 2.2-7.7% confirmed the persistence of symptoms for >6 months. Tinnitus was the least common complaint, and only 2.2% of the study participants had tinnitus for >6 months. Meanwhile, mood alteration persisted for >6 months in 7.6% of the study participants. More respondents who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine showed persistent symptoms than those in the other groups. Disease severity and female sex were identified as potential determinants of the development and persistency of such symptoms. CONCLUSION Post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms were present in considerable percentages of the study participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, persisting for >6 months in up to 7.6% of the participants.
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Mansour OI, Taha MS, Mahmoud MS, Ezzat WF, Askoura A, Allam MF, Girgis SA, Omran A, Agwa SH, Mohamed MN. SARS COV-2 and other viral etiology as a possible clue for the olfactory dilemma. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9125552 DOI: 10.1186/s43163-022-00251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Post-viral anosmia is responsible for more than 40% of cases of anosmia. Anosmia has been a neglected symptom in the primary healthcare setting until the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection highlighted new atypical symptoms of the disease, including anosmia, which has become one of the diagnostic symptoms of the disease, and epidemiological concern. We aimed to detect the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within patients presented with anosmia and to test for other respiratory viruses in the negative COVID-19 patients. We also detected the recovery of anosmia and IgM/IgG against COVID-19. We prospectively included 60 outpatients with the major complaint of anosmia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were done for SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR, and if negative, PCR to other respiratory pathogens was tested. After one month, we inquired about the recovery of smell loss together with testing for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-six patients (76.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and 14 (23.3%) were negative. Rhinovirus was the commonest isolated pathogen in the negative cases (5/14). Complete recovery of anosmia occurred in 34 patients (56.7%), while partial recovery in 24 (40.0%), and no recovery in 2 patients (3.3%). The median time to complete recovery was 10 days. 28.3% (13/46) of the patients showed negative antibody response for both IgG and IgM. Conclusions Sudden-onset anosmia is a symptom that is highly predictive of being COVID-19-infected. While recovery is expected within 2 weeks, some patients have no antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Tchekmedyian R, Lundberg M, Buchheit KM, Maurer R, Gakpo D, Mullur J, Bensko JC, Laidlaw TM. Loss of smell in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease impacts mental health and quality of life. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1414-1421. [PMID: 35506180 PMCID: PMC9630163 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of anosmia on quality-of-life (QoL) for patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate how the severity of smell loss and olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with AERD affects their QoL, mental health and physical well-being. METHODS Five validated QoL questionnaires (Sinonasal Outcome Test-22, Asthma Control Test, Healthy Days Core Module-4, Short Form-36 and Patient Health Questionnaire-4) and two newly developed questionnaires assessing severity and consequences of OD were electronically sent to all 2913 patients in the Brigham and Women's Hospital AERD registry. Responses were received from 853 participants for analysis. RESULTS Overall, 85% of participants reported a present diminished sense of smell and/or taste, and 30% categorized their OD severity was, "as bad as it can be." There were significant relationships between the severity of self-reported OD and both psychological distress and general health scores, even after adjusting for asthma control. Additionally, incidence rates for physically and mentally unhealthy days in the prior month were higher for patients with moderate or severe OD than for normosmic patients. Patients with diminished smell responded that they could not identify spoiled food (86%), did not enjoy food (71%), felt unsafe (63%) and had encountered dangerous situations (51%) as consequences of their OD. CONCLUSIONS Anosmia and hyposmia severely impact the physical, emotional and mental health of AERD patients, and lead to safety concerns in their daily lives. The importance of olfaction and the relevance of OD to patients' QoL should be acknowledged and evaluated by clinicians caring for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffi Tchekmedyian
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie Lundberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rie Maurer
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jyotsna Mullur
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian C. Bensko
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chao Y, Zhang L, Chen Q, Chen B, Yu Y, Chen S. The efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of taste disorders after rehabilitation from COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31649. [PMID: 36451400 PMCID: PMC9704941 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, although it has had a serious impact on people's lives and health in itself, the sequelae that accompany coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have also had a serious impact on people's mental health and quality of life. Taste disorder (TD) is one of the sequelae of COVID-19. Patients may experience reduced or even absent taste sensation, which seriously affects their real life. The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of taste disorders has been well reported, but there is a lack of evidence-based medical evidence. Therefore, this study set out to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of post-COVID-19 taste disorder. METHODS According to the retrieval strategies, randomized controlled trials on the acupuncture for COVID-19 TD were obtained from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database and the Wanfang Database, regardless of publication date, or language. Studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan 5.4) and StataSE 15.0 software. Ultimately, the evidentiary grade for the results will be evaluated. This systematic evaluation protocol is registered in PROSPERO under the registration ID CRD42022364653. RESULTS The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis will evaluate the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on TD caused by sequelae of COVID-19, providing evidence as to the treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Chao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaobin Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Biwei Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yannan Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaozong Chen
- Institute of Acupuncture-moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * Correspondence: Shaozong Chen, Full Postal address: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan 250300, Shandong, China (e-mail: )
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Shen J, Wu L, Wang P, Shen X, Jiang Y, Liu J, Chen W. Clinical characteristics and short-term recovery of hyposmia in hospitalized non-severe COVID-19 patients with Omicron variant in Shanghai, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1038938. [PMID: 36419783 PMCID: PMC9676490 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1038938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory dysfunction is a common neurological symptom of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). Little is known about hyposmia after COVID-19 infection with Omicron variant in Chinese population. Objective To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and recovery of hyposmia in hospitalized non-severe COVID-19 patients with Omicron variant in Shanghai, China. Methods Three hundred and forty-nine Chinese non-severe COVID-19 patients with Omicron variant were consecutively enrolled in a designated hospital to investigate the incidence of hyposmia in hospitalization and the recovery rate 1 month later. The visual assessment scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the severity of hyposmia. We compared the demographic, clinical features and treatment outcomes, as well as laboratory parameters between patients with and without hyposmia. Results The cross-sectional survey showed that 22 (6.3%) hospitalized patients with non-severe COVID-19 had hyposmia. Patients with hyposmia were younger (61.5 vs. 72.0, p = 0.002), had more related clinical symptoms (sore throat, cough, poor appetite, diarrhea, myalgia and taste impairment, etc.), a higher proportion of moderate clinical type (31.8 vs. 13.5%, p = 0.028) and longer duration of hospitalization (11 vs. 8 days, p = 0.027) than those without hyposmia. Whereas, there were no significant differences regarding gender, comorbidity and nucleic acid conversion time between the two groups. Laboratory subgroup analyses demonstrated that patients with hyposmia had slightly low serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels. However, both of the levels were not associated with hyposmia occurrence in multivariate regression analyses. Further follow-up study disclosed that 16 of 22 (72.7%) hyposmia patients had recovered olfaction 1 month later. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were similar between hyposmia recovered patients and those with persistent hyposmia. Conclusion Although the incidence of hyposmia after Omicron variant infection is relatively low and the short-term recovery rate is quite high, patients with hyposmia are prone to have a higher proportion of both upper and lower respiratory tract involvements, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, contributing to a longer duration of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shih MC, Soler ZM, Germroth M, Snyder J, Nguyen SA, Schlosser RJ. Impact of Hedonics and Magnitude Upon Validated Psychophysical Olfactory Tests and Olfactory-Specific Quality of Life. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 37:253-263. [PMID: 36341557 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221136649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients often describe the olfactory loss as either the inability to detect unpleasant odors (eg, smoke or spoiled food) or noticeable impairment in enjoying pleasant odors (eg, food and fragrances). This complex relationship between the hedonics of various odors, their perceived magnitude in odor strength, and the impact on patient quality of life is not well understood. Methods Sixty-five subjects underwent testing with the Henkin olfaction test which assesses hedonics and magnitude for odors traditionally deemed unpleasant (pyridine/dead fish and thiophene/gasoline) and pleasant (amyl acetate/banana and nitrobenzene/almond). Subjects also completed Smell Identification Test-40 (SIT-40), Sniffin’ Sticks (Sniffin’ Sticks), and Snap & Sniffin’ Sticks (Snap) Olfactory Tests, as well as the 17-item Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders Negative Statements (QODNS) and olfactory symptom visual analog scale (VAS). Spearman's rank correlations were conducted between various olfactory domains, QODNS and VAS. Results Mean age was 52.1 years (range: 28-86), with 63.1% females. Magnitude estimation was greatest for pyridine. Most people rated thiophene (75.4%) and pyridine (92.3%) as “unpleasant.” Although most people rated amyl acetate (47.7%) and nitrobenzene (56.9%) as “pleasant,” many rated amyl acetate (52.3%) and nitrobenzene (43.1%) as “neutral” or “unpleasant” scents. Hedonics for unpleasant odors correlated with each other ( rs = 0.60), but not with hedonics for pleasant odors. Hedonics for unpleasant odors also correlated with magnitude estimation and other psychophysical tests. These findings were not seen for hedonics of pleasant odors. Conclusions The use of unpleasant odors in Henkin testing showed unique relationship patterns with patient-reported outcome measures and validated olfactory tests, which may provide utility in characterizing olfactory dysfunction. The incorporation of more unpleasant odors in current psychophysical olfactory testing may provide enhanced information regarding the patient impact of olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Shih
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Matthew Germroth
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jacob Snyder
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shaun A. Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rodney J. Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Cabal‐Prieto A, Sánchez‐Arellano L, Herrera‐Corredor JA, Rodríguez‐Miranda J, Prinyawiwatkul W, Ramón‐Canul LG, Toledano‐Toledano F, Rodríguez‐Buenfil IM, Ramírez‐Sucre MO, Hernández‐Salinas G, de Ramírez‐Rivera EDJ. Effects of COVID-19 on sensory and cognitive perception of mild and severe diagnosed and recovered patients versus healthy consumers. J SENS STUD 2022; 38:e12798. [PMID: 36718473 PMCID: PMC9877580 DOI: 10.1111/joss.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the sensory and cognitive perception of mild and severe COVID-19 diagnosed and recovered consumers versus healthy consumers. Three groups of 50 consumers each (healthy vs. mild and severe COVID-19 diagnosed with 30 days after recovery) were used for the evaluation of instant coffee stimuli in concentrations: 4.40, 2.93, 2.20, 1.76, and 1.47% weight (w)/volume (v) and determine their discriminating power, emotions, and memories. Sensory tests were performed remotely. Results indicated that healthy consumers perceived higher intensities in most of the sensory attributes (with the exception of Burnt-A, Bitter-T, Acid-T, and Astringent-T attributes) compared to consumers who presented mild and severe COVID-19. Therefore, consumers diagnosed with mild and severe COVID-19 had a higher discrimination power in the attributes smell, basic tastes, and flavor. Healthy consumers could only discriminate two attributes that correspond to basic flavors. Consumers with mild and severe COVID-19 diagnosis elicited the highest number of negatives emotions (such as bored, disgusted, worried, guilty, wild, and aggressive) and negative memories (disease, pain, death, hurt, obesity, conflict personal, addiction, stench poverty, and accident) than healthy consumers. It is concluded that there were no significant differences between the consumer panels for the identification of sensory attributes. However, P-Healthy consumers perceived the highest intensities in most sensory attributes compared to those in the PCOVID19-Mild and PCOVID19-Severe panels. Finally, consumers diagnosed with mild or severe COVID-19 used a higher number of emotions and memories than those of the healthy panel. Practical applications Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on sensory and cognitive perception can be useful for industry and researchers in the sensory field who wish to understand the effects of the disease in order to generate new protocols for the selection and training of people, as well as the possible development and innovation of new products focused on perception of consumers recovered from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Cabal‐Prieto
- Ingeniería en Industrias AlimentariasTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus HuatuscoHuatusco, VeracruzMéxico
| | - Lucía Sánchez‐Arellano
- Ingeniería en Industrias AlimentariasTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus HuatuscoHuatusco, VeracruzMéxico
| | - José Andrés Herrera‐Corredor
- Programa en Innovación Agroalimentaria SustentableColegio de Postgraduados Campus CórdobaAmatlán de los Reyes, VeracruzMéxico
| | - Jesús Rodríguez‐Miranda
- Maestría en Ciencias en AlimentosTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus TuxtepecTuxtepec, OaxacaMéxico
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Filiberto Toledano‐Toledano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en EvidenciasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMéxico CityMéxico
- Unidad de Investigación SociomédicaInstituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra IbarraMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez‐Buenfil
- Sede SuresteCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede SuresteMéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Manuel Octavio Ramírez‐Sucre
- Sede SuresteCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede SuresteMéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Gregorio Hernández‐Salinas
- Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola SustentableTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus ZongolicaZongolica, VeracruzMéxico
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Johnson BJ, Salonen B, O'Byrne TJ, Choby G, Ganesh R, Stokken JK, O'Brien EK. Patient factors associated with COVID-19 loss of taste or smell patient factors in smell/taste loss COVID-19. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1688-1694. [PMID: 36544937 PMCID: PMC9764767 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dysfunction in smell or taste is well recognized phenomenon in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to quantify the incidence and associated co-morbidities of reported olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Methods From March 23, 2020 through July 31, 2020, 192,683 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 at Mayo Clinic. These patients with a positive test were contacted via telephone by physicians at Mayo Clinic and information gathered on patient demographics, comorbidities, symptoms and clinical risk stratification based on these factors. Results Two thousand two hundred and fifty patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (1.2%). Six hundred and sixty-seven (29.6%) of these patients reported loss of smell or taste. Factors found to be correlated with reporting loss of smell or taste on multivariate analysis were: younger age, female sex, or symptoms of chest pain or tightness, cough, or headache and lower clinical risk category. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was associated with not reporting loss of taste or smell. Conclusion Of 2250 patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at Mayo Clinic, 667 reported loss of taste and smell. Patients who reported loss of smell or taste were younger, female and more likely to report cough, chest pain, headache, or history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but overall had fewer high-risk comorbidities. Those who were older, male, and a reported history of CAD were less likely to report chemosensory dysfunction. Our data are the largest single institution data reporting COVID-19 associated loss of smell or taste, and the first to associate COPD and CAD as factors that affect rates of reported chemosensory dysfunction. Level of evidence IIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Jake Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Bradley Salonen
- Mayo Clinic Department of General Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Thomas Jamie O'Byrne
- Mayo Clinic Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Garret Choby
- Mayo Clinic Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ravindra Ganesh
- Mayo Clinic Department of General Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Janalee K. Stokken
- Mayo Clinic Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Erin K. O'Brien
- Mayo Clinic Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Khurana K, Singh CV. Management of Anosmia in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30425. [PMID: 36407192 PMCID: PMC9670825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With the evolving understanding of COVID-19, a thorough analysis of the effects of this unique coronavirus on the affected people's olfactory abilities could highlight the disease's specific course of treatment. Researchers have discovered that the neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection include acute anosmia and ageusia. This work aims to review the relevant mechanisms, provide information on COVID-19-related anosmia, and suggest a novel approach to treating long-term anosmia brought on by coronavirus disease. For that, we did a thorough literature assessment of the subject from various online resources, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We evaluated the publications that described anosmia in COVID-19 and its management. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections, the angiotensin-converting enzyme two receptor plays a crucial role in the anosmia process. Olfactory systems are directly harmed by new coronaviruses when they connect with sustentacular cells' ACE-2 (Angiotensin converting enzyme-2) receptors. Other suggested processes include the virus's infiltration of the olfactory nerve and the ensuing local inflammation. Therefore, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, or depolarizing medications may be helpful for COVID-19 individuals who have lost their sense of smell. According to the available data, we found out olfactory training, topical or oral corticosteroids, caffeine, insulin, or minocycline may effectively treat COVID-19 odor loss. A novel method of treating long-term COVID-19 with persistent anosmia can be suggested based on recent investigations. The path to effective anosmia management is still somewhat hazy, but there is hope that we can find the right treatment plan with the right clinical trials and additional research. People who lost their sense of smell during COVID-19 can be reassured that recovery is typically possible.
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Jensen MM, Larsen KD, Homøe AS, Simonsen AL, Arndal E, Koch A, Samuelsen GB, Nielsen XC, Todsen T, Homøe P. Subjective and psychophysical olfactory and gustatory dysfunction among COVID-19 outpatients; short- and long-term results. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275518. [PMID: 36191024 PMCID: PMC9529127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are early symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Between 20-80% of infected individuals report subjective altered sense of smell and/or taste during infection. Up to 2/3 of previously infected experience persistent olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction after 6 months. The aim of this study was to examine subjective and psychophysical olfactory and gustatory function in non-hospitalized individuals with acute COVID-19 up to 6 months after infection. METHODS Individuals aged 18-80-years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test no older than 10 days, were eligible. Only individuals able to visit the outpatient examination facilities were included. Gustatory function was tested with the Burgharts Taste Strips and olfactory function was examined with the Brief Smell Identifications test (Danish version). Subjective symptoms were examined through an online questionnaire at inclusion, day 30, 90 and 180 after inclusion. RESULTS Fifty-eight SARS-CoV-2 positive and 56 negative controls were included. 58.6% (34/58) of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals vs. 8.9% (5/56) of negative controls reported subjective olfactory dysfunction at inclusion. For gustatory dysfunction, 46.5% (27/58) of positive individuals reported impairment compared to 8.9% (5/56) of negative controls. In psychophysical tests, 75.9% (46/58) had olfactory dysfunction and 43.1% (25/58) had gustatory dysfunction among the SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals at inclusion. Compared to negative controls, SARS-CoV-2 infected had significantly reduced olfaction and gustation. Previously infected individuals continued to report lower subjective sense of smell 30 days after inclusion, whereafter the difference between the groups diminished. However, after 180 days, 20.7% (12/58) positive individuals still reported reduced sense of smell and taste. CONCLUSION Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are prevalent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there is inconsistency between subjective reporting and psychophysical test assessment of especially olfaction. Most individuals regain normal function after 30 days, but approximately 20% report persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction 6 months after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Mose Jensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kasper Daugaard Larsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Arndal
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Koch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Staten Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Xiaohui Chen Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Tobias Todsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Molina-Mora JA, González A, Jiménez-Morgan S, Cordero-Laurent E, Brenes H, Soto-Garita C, Sequeira-Soto J, Duarte-Martínez F. Clinical Profiles at the Time of Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Costa Rica During the Pre-vaccination Period Using a Machine Learning Approach. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:312-322. [PMID: 35692458 PMCID: PMC9173838 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The clinical manifestations of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, define a large spectrum of symptoms that are mainly dependent on the human host conditions. In Costa Rica, more than 169,000 cases and 2185 deaths were reported during the year 2020, the pre-vaccination period. To describe the clinical presentations at the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Costa Rica during the pre-vaccination period, we implemented a symptom-based clustering using machine learning to identify clusters or clinical profiles at the population level among 18,974 records of positive cases. Profiles were compared based on symptoms, risk factors, viral load, and genomic features of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence. A total of 18 symptoms at time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported with a frequency > 1%, and those were used to identify seven clinical profiles with a specific composition of clinical manifestations. In the comparison between clusters, a lower viral load was found for the asymptomatic group, while the risk factors and the SARS-CoV-2 genomic features were distributed among all the clusters. No other distribution patterns were found for age, sex, vital status, and hospitalization. In conclusion, during the pre-vaccination time in Costa Rica, the symptoms at the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were described in clinical profiles. The host co-morbidities and the SARS-CoV-2 genotypes are not specific of a particular profile, rather they are present in all the groups, including asymptomatic cases. In addition, this information can be used for decision-making by the local healthcare institutions (first point of contact with health professionals, case definition, or infrastructure). In further analyses, these results will be compared against the profiles of cases during the vaccination period. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00058-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Arturo Molina-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) and Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060 Costa Rica
| | - Alejandra González
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, 30301 Costa Rica
| | | | - Estela Cordero-Laurent
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, 30301 Costa Rica
| | - Hebleen Brenes
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, 30301 Costa Rica
| | - Claudio Soto-Garita
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, 30301 Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Sequeira-Soto
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, 30301 Costa Rica
| | - Francisco Duarte-Martínez
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, 30301 Costa Rica
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Tang C, He X, Fu W, Du Y, Huang Y, Liu L, Lan W, Luo R, Liu Y. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of the sequela of olfactory disorders after infection with COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30844. [PMID: 36181022 PMCID: PMC9524526 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From the end of 2019 to now, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put enormous strain on the world's health systems. As a characteristic sign of COVID-19 patient, olfactory dysfunction (OD) poses considerable problems for patients. In China, acupuncture has been widely used to treat OD caused by COVID-19, but there is still a lack of evidence-based medical evaluation. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of COVID-19 OD. METHODS According to the retrieval strategies, randomized controlled trials on the acupuncture for COVID-19 OD were obtained from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database and the Wanfang Database, regardless of publication date, or language. Studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan 5.3) and STATA 14.2 software. Ultimately, the evidentiary grade for the results will be evaluated. RESULTS The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. CONCLUSION This study will provide up-to-date summary proof for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for COVID-19 OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- The fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- The fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Du
- The first Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- The fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- The first Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanning Lan
- The first Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runjun Luo
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Liu, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 510000 (e-mail: )
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Kabeerdass N, Thangaswamy S, Mohanasrinivasan V, Rajasekaran C, Sundaram S, Nooruddin T, Mathanmohun M. Green Synthesis–Mediated Nanoparticles and Their Curative Character Against Post COVID-19 Skin Diseases. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:409-417. [PMID: 36105411 PMCID: PMC9461414 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Di Stadio A, D’Ascanio L, Vaira LA, Cantone E, De Luca P, Cingolani C, Motta G, De Riu G, Vitelli F, Spriano G, De Vincentiis M, Camaioni A, La Mantia I, Ferreli F, Brenner MJ. Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Supplement Combined with Olfactory Training to Treat Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Impairment: A Multi-Center Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2001-2012. [PMID: 35450527 PMCID: PMC9886808 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220420113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory training is the only evidence-based treatment for post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Smell disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been attributed to neuroinflammatory events within the olfactory bulb and the central nervous system. Therefore, targeting neuroinflammation is one potential strategy for promoting recovery from post-COVID-19 chronic olfactory dysfunction. Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin (PEA-LUT) are candidate antiinflammatory/ neuroprotective agents. OBJECTIVE To investigate recovery of olfactory function in patients treated with PEA-LUT oral supplements plus olfactory training versus olfactory training plus placebo. METHODS Multicenter double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was held. Eligible subjects had prior COVID-19 and persistent olfactory impairment >6 months after follow-up SARS-CoV-2 negative testing, without prior history of olfactory dysfunction or other sinonasal disorders. Participants were randomized to daily oral supplementation with ultramicronized PEA-LUT 770 mg plus olfactory training (intervention group) or olfactory training with placebo (control). Sniffin' Sticks assessments were used to test the patients at baseline and 90 days. RESULTS A total of 185 patients, including intervention (130) and control (55) were enrolled. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification scores compared to controls (p=0.0001). Overall, 92% of patients in the intervention group improved versus 42% of controls. Magnitude of recovery was significantly greater in the intervention group versus control (12.8 + 8.2 versus mean 3.2 + 3), with >10-fold higher prevalence of anosmia in control versus intervention groups at the 90-day endpoint. CONCLUSION Among individuals with olfactory dysfunction post-COVID-19, combining PEA-LUT with olfactory training resulted in greater recovery of smell than olfactory training alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Di Stadio
- Address correspondence to this author at the University of Catania, Otolaryngology Department, Catania, Italy; E-mail:
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85
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Analysis of Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Long-Lasting Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081256. [PMID: 36013436 PMCID: PMC9410278 DOI: 10.3390/life12081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although smell and taste disorders are highly prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 infection, the predictive factors leading to long-lasting chemosensory dysfunction are still poorly understood. Methods: 102 out of 421 (24.2%) mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients completed a second questionnaire about the evolution of their symptoms one year after the infection using visual analog scales (VAS). A subgroup of 69 patients also underwent psychophysical evaluation of olfactory function through UPSIT. Results: The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction decreased from 82.4% to 45.1% after 12 months, with 46.1% of patients reporting a complete recovery. Patients older than 40 years (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.56]) and with a duration of loss of smell longer than four weeks saw a lower odds ratio for recovery (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: [0.10, 0.76]). In addition, 28 patients (35.9%) reported suffering from parosmia, which was associated with moderate to severe taste dysfunction at the baseline (OR = 7.80; 95% CI: [1.70, 35.8]). Among the 69 subjects who underwent the UPSIT, 57 (82.6%) presented some degree of smell dysfunction, showing a moderate correlation with self-reported VAS (r = −0.36, p = 0.0027). Conclusion: A clinically relevant number of subjects reported persistent chemosensory dysfunction and parosmia one year after COVID-19 infection, with a moderate correlation with psychophysical olfactory tests.
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86
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Nag AK, Saltagi AK, Saltagi MZ, Wu AW, Higgins TS, Knisely A, Ting JY, Illing EA. Management of Post-Infectious Anosmia and Hyposmia: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022:34894221118186. [PMID: 35959948 DOI: 10.1177/00034894221118186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anosmia and hyposmia significantly affect patients' quality of life and have many etiologies, including trauma, inflammatory conditions including chronic rhinosinusitis, neoplasm, and viral infections, such as rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to establish whether a consensus exists regarding optimal management of olfactory dysfunction and to provide insight into the treatment of anosmia in the current climate of increased prevalence secondary to COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the literature on the management of non-Chronic-rhinosinusitis- related anosmia/hyposmia. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published since January 1990 using terms combined with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We included articles evaluating management of anosmia and hyposmia written in the English language, with original data, a minimum of 3 months of follow-up except for COVID-related studies, at least 2 patients, and well-defined and measurable outcomes. RESULTS A total of 3013 unique titles were returned upon the initial search. Of these, 297 abstracts were examined, yielding 19 full texts meeting inclusion criteria (8 with level 1 evidence, 3 with level 2, 1 with level 3, and 7 with level 4). The studies included a total of 1522 subjects, with follow up ranging from 3 to 72 months, with an exception for COVID related studies. Endpoints were based on clinically significant improvements of olfactory functions as measured through validated smell tests. Treatments with the most robust data were intranasal corticosteroids and olfactory training. CONCLUSION The literature on the treatment of anosmia and hyposmia includes randomized trials showing the efficacy of a few modalities. While further research is needed to expand therapeutic options for this debilitating condition, the current literature supports the use of olfactory training and topical corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Nag
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abdul K Saltagi
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohamad Z Saltagi
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arthur W Wu
- Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Kentuckiana Ear, Nose & Throat, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anna Knisely
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Ting
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elisa A Illing
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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87
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Natural trajectory of recovery of COVID-19 associated olfactory loss. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103572. [PMID: 35969913 PMCID: PMC9355743 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Importance Prevalence of post-viral olfactory loss has increased dramatically due to the frequency and severity of olfactory dysfunction associated with infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Objective To determine the trajectory of COVID-19 olfactory loss over a six-month period. A key secondary objective is to assess predictive factors associated with the recovery of olfaction. Design Longitudinal repeated-measures study that enrolled from May 5, 2020 to February 2, 2021, with the last date of data collection on June 15, 2021. Setting Barnes-Jewish HealthCare/Washington University School of Medicine facilities (Saint Louis, Missouri, USA). Participants Individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab and indicated olfactory loss on COVID-19 screening questionnaire. Individuals were excluded if they had previously diagnosed history of olfactory loss, neurodegenerative disorders, <18 years of age, admitted to hospital service, unable to read, write, and understand English, or lacked computer or internet access. Interventions/exposures Watch and wait for spontaneous recovery. Main outcome(s) and measure(s) Participants completed olfactory assessments every 30 days for six months. Each assessment consisted of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), an objective “scratch-and-sniff” test, and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), a subjective Likert rating scale. Results The mean age was 41 years old (SD = 16). 39 (80 %) were female and 42 (86 %) white. At baseline assessment of objective olfaction, 18 (36 %) participants had anosmia or severe hyposmia. Subjective, complete recovery at six months was 81 % (95 % CI 74 % to 88 %). Likelihood of recovery was associated with age <50 years (aHR = 8.1 (95 % CI 1.1 to 64.1)) and mild olfactory loss at baseline (UPSIT = 30–33 for males and 31–34 for females) (aHR 6.2 (95 % CI 1.2 to 33.0)). Conclusions and relevance The trajectory of olfactory recovery among adults with COVID-19 olfactory loss illustrated rapid recovery within 2–3 weeks of infection, and by six months 81 % had recovered based on self-report. Age <50 years old and mild severity of olfactory loss at baseline were associated with increased likelihood of recovery of olfaction. These findings can be used to inform shared decision-making with patients.
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88
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Park JW, Wang X, Xu RH. Revealing the mystery of persistent smell loss in Long COVID patients. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4795-4808. [PMID: 35874953 PMCID: PMC9305264 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is hopefully approaching its end in many countries as herd immunity develops and weaker strains of SARS-CoV-2 dominate. However, a new concern occurs over the long-term effects of COVID-19, collectively called "Long COVID", as some symptoms of the nervous system last even after patients recover from COVID-19. This review focuses on studies of anosmia, i.e., impairment of smell, which is the most common sensory defect during the disease course and is caused by olfactory dysfunctions. It remains mysterious how the olfactory functions are affected since the virus can't invade olfactory receptor neurons. We describe several leading hypotheses about the mystery in hope to provide insights into the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for anosmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Park
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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89
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Clinical Aspects of the Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Waves in Children from 2020 to 2022-Data from a Local Cohort in Cologne, Germany ( n = 21,635). Viruses 2022; 14:v14081607. [PMID: 35893673 PMCID: PMC9330606 DOI: 10.3390/v14081607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost two and a half years after the appearance of the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, more than 500 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and over 6 million have died of it worldwide. In terms of the pediatric cohort, it already became evident at an early stage that the infection causes milder symptoms in children and rarely runs a fatal course. Objective: This work presents data gathered over a period of over two years in patients between the age of 0 and 18 years. The aim is to provide information on the clinical aspects of the five different SARS-CoV-2 waves. Methods: Between 13 March 2020 and 22 April 2022, all nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) of children who received a swab for SARS-CoV-2 at our clinic were included. Data were collected on standardized questionnaires. The analysis of the data was anonymized and retrospective. Results: We investigated 21,635 NAATs, of which 1028 of the tests were positive (4.8%). The highest rate of positive results was observed in the fifth wave (541/2.292 NAATs (23.6%)). Most of the children who were hospitalized were hospitalized in wave three (22.9%). The availability of a vaccine was followed by a decrease in positive NAATs in the corresponding age group thereafter. Conclusions: These data underline the fact that children infected with SARS-CoV-2, regardless of which VOC, are often only mildly affected. Vaccinations seem to remain the key to avoid massive numbers of infected people and a potential collapse of the healthcare systems.
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90
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Qi H, Liu B, Wang X, Zhang L. The humoral response and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1008-1020. [PMID: 35761083 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we summarize key observations of humoral immune responses in people with COVID-19, discuss key features of infection- and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, and consider vaccine designs for inducing antibodies that are broadly protective against different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,NexVac Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,NexVac Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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91
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Ferreli F, Gaino F, Russo E, Di Bari M, Rossi V, De Virgilio A, Malvezzi L, Colombo G, Cristalli G, Spriano G, Mercante G. Long-standing gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4633-4640. [PMID: 35767055 PMCID: PMC9244308 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Our study aimed to describe recovery of gustatory dysfunction (GD) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 patients, and to analyze variables associated with early or late recovery. Methods Telephone surveys were administered during an 18-month follow-up after COVID-19 diagnosis. One hundred and thirty-two included patients rated olfactory and gustatory function at each follow-up. Results One hundred and twenty-nine patients reported GD, of whom 91 (70.5%) reported severe GD, and 99 patients reported OD, of whom 84 (84.9%) reported severe OD. Seventy-two/129 (55.8%) and 52/99 (52.5%) patients reported an improvement in GD and in OD during the first 7 days from the onset, respectively. At 3-month follow-up, 110/120 patients (85.3%) recovered from GD, while 80/99 patients (80.8%) recovered from OD. At 18-month follow-up, a total of 120/129 patients (93.0%) recovered from GD and 86/99 patients (86.9%) recovered from OD; while 10 patients (7.0%) still reported GD and 13 patients (13.1%) still reported OD. Severe GD/OD at presentation were associated with late complete recovery of taste/smell (p = 0.019 and p = 0.034, respectively). Improvement over the first 7 days from onset was significantly associated with faster recovery (p < 0.001). Conclusions More than 80% of patients reported complete recovery of olfactory/gustatory function in the first 3 months after symptom onset. At 18-month follow-up, patients reporting complete recovery of gustatory and olfactory function were 93% and 87%, respectively. Severity of chemosensory dysfunction at the onset was negatively correlated to recovery, and improvement of taste and/or smell function within the first 7 days from symptom onset was significantly associated with early resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gaino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy. .,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Elena Russo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Bari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rossi
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Colombo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cristalli
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud "Madre Teresa Di Calcutta", Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
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92
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Asthma and Cacosmia Could Be Predictive Factors of Olfactory Dysfunction Persistence 9 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The ANOSVID Study. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070929. [PMID: 35888019 PMCID: PMC9319724 DOI: 10.3390/life12070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Long-term evolution data of olfactory disorders (OD) in COVID-19 are limited. Method. ANOSVID is a retrospective study in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital (France) that included COVID-19 patients from the first wave. The aim was to describe OD evolution, especially in patients with persistent OD (p-OD group) in comparison with patients with resolved OD (r-OD group). Results. Among 354 COVID-19 patients, 229 reported OD were included. Eighty-five percent of patients (n = 195) recovered from their OD within 90 days. However, 9.5 months (in average) after symptoms onset, OD were persisting in 93 patients (40.6%) and resolved in 136 patients (59.4%). In the p-OD group (n = 93), the mean age was 51.4 years (19-98) ± 20.2, and 65 patients (69.9%) were female; the three main comorbidities in the p-OD group were: asthma (20.4%, n = 19), allergic rhinitis (19.4%, n = 18), and arterial hypertension (16.1%, n = 15). Eleven patients (12%) presented anosmia, and 82 patients (88%) presented hyposmia. Asthma was more described in p-OD group than r-OD group (19 (20.4%) versus 10 (7.4%), p = 0.006). Cacosmia was more described in p-OD group than r-OD group (27 (29.0%) versus 18 (13.2%), p = 0.005). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning other comorbidities and symptoms, clinical, biological, and imaging findings, and outcome or about the impact of OD on the quality of life of the patients between the p-OD group and r-OD group. sQOD-NS brief version score was 10.7 ± 5.89 and 12.0 ± 6.03, respectively (p = 0.137). Conclusion. Forty-one percent of patients with OD reported OD persistence 9.5 months after COVID-19 (hyposmia in 88% of cases). Asthma and cacosmia could be predictive factors of OD persistence.
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93
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Hu W, Chen N, Yan W, Pei P, Wei Y, Zhan X. Knowledge Mapping of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Bibliometric Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:904982. [PMID: 35770245 PMCID: PMC9234575 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.904982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfaction is one of the five basic senses of human beings. As such, olfactory dysfunction seriously affects patients' quality of life and can even endanger them. In recent years, olfactory dysfunction has attracted greater research interest, and numerous studies have been published on olfactory dysfunction. However, there are few studies on olfactory dysfunction through bibliometric analysis. This study aims to describe the current situation and identify the foci and potential new research directions of olfactory dysfunction using a bibliometric approach. Methods Articles related to olfactory dysfunction published from 2002 to 2021 were located in the Web of Science Core Collection of Clarivate Analytics (London, UK). Bibliometric analyses were conducted with the CiteSpace (Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and VOSviewer (Center for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) software programs. Results The number of articles published each year showed an upward trend, especially in 2020, where a sharp increase had occurred due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The United States was the country with the most publications and the strongest international cooperation. In terms of institutions, the greatest number of publications from a single institution came from Dresden University of Technology. Thomas Hummel was the author who had contributed the most articles. An analysis of co-citation networks and burst keywords in the field revealed a shift from “gonadotropin-releasing hormone” and “apoptosis” earlier on to “olfactory training,” “COVID-19,” and “Parkinson's disease” more recently. “Outcome,” “COVID-19,” “infection,” and “pathogenesis” are topics of the research frontier and hotspots. Conclusion More attention has been paid to olfactory dysfunction as the understanding of it has improved in the past 20 years. This study provides researchers with an objective, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of the literature on olfactory dysfunction. The current frontier areas and hotspots in the field focus on the pathological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction after infection with COVID-19 and its different prognoses. The pathophysiological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 will be a primary future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiheng Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxiang Wei
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Xiaojun Zhan
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94
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Zhu D, Tham T, Georgolios A. Saddle nose deformity: a rare complication of COVID-19 infection. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2022; 23:100428. [PMID: 35368635 PMCID: PMC8957314 DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2022.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in olfaction have been well established, there is relative paucity of information on possible other complications of COVID-19 in the nasal cavities and nasal function. Case report We report the unique case of a young female patient, with a remote history of septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery who developed severe nasal airway obstruction (NAO) and saddle nose deformity two to three weeks after her recovery from COVID-19. Conclusion This case report illustrates a late septoplasty complication that may be associated with COVID-19. This unusual clinical presentation indicates that structural destabilization of the nose may ensue as a complication of the COVID-19, and requires further investigation of the SARS-CoV-2 effects in vascularity and wound healing in the nasal cavity.
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95
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Scotto G, Fazio V, Lo Muzio E, Lo Muzio L, Spirito F. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Taste Alteration: An Overview. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050690. [PMID: 35629357 PMCID: PMC9147711 DOI: 10.3390/life12050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the management of COVID-19 has been a challenge for healthcare professionals. Although the respiratory system has primarily been affected with symptoms ranging from mild pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, other organs or systems have also been targets of the virus. The mouth represents an important route of entry for SARS-CoV-2. Cells in the oral epithelium, taste buds, and minor and major salivary glands express cellular entry factors for the virus, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin. This leads to symptoms such as deterioration of taste, salivary dysfunction, mucosal ulcers, before systemic manifestation of the disease. In this review we report and discuss the prevalence and socio-demographics of taste disturbances in COVID-19 patients, analysing the current international data. Importantly, we also take stock of the various hypothesized pathogenetic mechanisms and their impact on the reported symptoms. The literature indicated that COVID-19 patients frequently present with gustatory dysfunction, whose prevalence varies by country, age and sex. Furthermore, this dysfunction also has a variable duration in relation to the severity of the disease. The pathogenetic action is intricately linked to viral action which can be expressed in several ways. However, in many cases these are only hypotheses that need further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Scotto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital “OORR” Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzina Fazio
- Department of Prevention, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, University Hospital “OORR” Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Dental Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-5880-90
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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96
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Pergolizzi JV, Raffa RB, Varrassi G, Magnusson P, LeQuang JA, Paladini A, Taylor R, Wollmuth C, Breve F, Chopra M, Nalamasu R, Christo PJ. Potential neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a narrative review. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:395-405. [PMID: 33089707 PMCID: PMC7799377 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1837503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological manifestations are increasingly reported in a subset of COVID-19 patients. Previous infections related to coronaviruses, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) also appeared to have neurological effects on some patients. The viruses associated with COVID-19 like that of SARS enters the body via the ACE-2 receptors in the central nervous system, which causes the body to balance an immune response against potential damage to nonrenewable cells. A few rare cases of neurological sequelae of SARS and MERS have been reported. A growing body of evidence is accumulating that COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, may have neurological consequences although respiratory symptoms nearly always develop prior to neurological ones. Patients with preexisting neurological conditions may be at elevated risk for COVID-19-associated neurological symptoms. Neurological reports in COVID-19 patients have described encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myopathy, neuromuscular disorders, encephalitis, cephalgia, delirium, critical illness polyneuropathy, and others. Treating neurological symptoms can pose clinical challenges as drugs that suppress immune response may be contraindicated in COVID-19 patients. It is possible that in some COVID-19 patients, neurological symptoms are being overlooked or misinterpreted. To date, neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been described largely within the disease trajectory and the long-term effects of such manifestations remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert B. Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Peter Magnusson
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Breve
- NEMA Research, Inc., Naples, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Rohit Nalamasu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul J. Christo
- Division of Pain Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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97
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Mao Y, Ye B, Fan C, Wu J, Wang B, Shen Y, Shi Z, Xiang M. Correlation Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Olfactory Dysfunction. Front Public Health 2022; 10:843850. [PMID: 35392472 PMCID: PMC8980590 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.843850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience olfactory dysfunction, typically of a short duration and with a high incidence rate, during the early stages of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This kind of olfactory dysfunction appears more likely in young people and women. This study presents a review of the clinical features and pathogenic mechanism of the olfactory dysfunction related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiming to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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98
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An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:34. [PMID: 35603293 PMCID: PMC9053292 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Key to curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic are wide-scale screening strategies. An ideal screen is one that would not rely on transporting, distributing, and collecting physical specimens. Given the olfactory impairment associated with COVID-19, we developed a perceptual measure of olfaction that relies on smelling household odorants and rating them online. Methods Each participant was instructed to select 5 household items, and rate their perceived odor pleasantness and intensity using an online visual analogue scale. We used this data to assign an olfactory perceptual fingerprint, a value that reflects the perceived difference between odorants. We tested the performance of this real-time tool in a total of 13,484 participants (462 COVID-19 positive) from 134 countries who provided 178,820 perceptual ratings of 60 different household odorants. Results We observe that olfactory ratings are indicative of COVID-19 status in a country, significantly correlating with national infection rates over time. More importantly, we observe indicative power at the individual level (79% sensitivity and 87% specificity). Critically, this olfactory screen remains effective in participants with COVID-19 but without symptoms, and in participants with symptoms but without COVID-19. Conclusions The current odorant-based olfactory screen adds a component to online symptom-checkers, to potentially provide an added first line of defense that can help fight disease progression at the population level. The data derived from this tool may allow better understanding of the link between COVID-19 and olfaction. From early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, a symptom associated with infection was rapid and often complete loss of the sense of smell. This rendered smell testing a potentially helpful tool in large-scale screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We built an online tool (smelltracker.org) that enables assessment of the sense of smell using commonly available household odorants. Initial use by 13,484 participants (462 COVID-19 positive) from 134 countries corroborated that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with impaired smell. Moreover, the tool detected infection in the absence of any other symptoms, including subjective loss in smell. Use of this tool may provide an added instrument for screening SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the data generated by the tool may provide for deeper understanding of the brain mechanisms involved with loss of smell associated with COVID-19. Snitz et al. develop a web-based olfactory screening tool for COVID-19, which relies on users smelling household odorants. Based on data from participants in 134 countries, the authors report that olfactory ratings are indicative of COVID-19 status.
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Long B, Carius BM, Chavez S, Liang SY, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: Presentation and evaluation. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 54:46-57. [PMID: 35121478 PMCID: PMC8779861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of cases worldwide. As the pandemic has progressed, the understanding of this disease has evolved. OBJECTIVE This first in a two-part series on COVID-19 updates provides a focused overview of the presentation and evaluation of COVID-19 for emergency clinicians. DISCUSSION COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several variants exist, including a variant of concern known as Delta (B.1.617.2 lineage) and the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 lineage). The Delta variant is associated with higher infectivity and poor patient outcomes, and the Omicron variant has resulted in a significant increase in infections. While over 80% of patients experience mild symptoms, a significant proportion can be critically ill, including those who are older and those with comorbidities. Upper respiratory symptoms, fever, and changes in taste/smell remain the most common presenting symptoms. Extrapulmonary complications are numerous and may be severe, including the cardiovascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal, and dermatologic systems. Emergency department evaluation includes focused testing for COVID-19 and assessment of end-organ injury. Imaging may include chest radiography, computed tomography, or ultrasound. Several risk scores may assist in prognostication, including the 4C (Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium) score, quick COVID Severity Index (qCSI), NEWS2, and the PRIEST score, but these should only supplement and not replace clinical judgment. CONCLUSION This review provides a focused update of the presentation and evaluation of COVID-19 for emergency clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- SAUSHEC, Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Summer Chavez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Stephen Y Liang
- Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - William J Brady
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Alex Koyfman
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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100
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Ahmad S, Sohail A, Shahid Chishti MA, Aemaz Ur Rehman M, Farooq H. How common are taste and smell abnormalities in COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:174-185. [PMID: 34803567 PMCID: PMC8592522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) are important early clinical symptoms of COVID-19. We aim to calculate the pooled prevalence of these symptoms and discuss the likely implications on clinical practice such as their use as screening tools and potential prognosis indicators. METHODS Using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings, we searched for observational studies in the following five databases: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently screened and selected the final articles according to the inclusion criteria. Two investigators independently assessed the risk of bias in individual studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. The reported outcome of the pooled analysis was the prevalence of OGD calculated using a random-effect model. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to report results. RESULTS Seventeen studies with a total sample size of 4149 were included in this meta-analysis. Out of these, 2106 and 2676 patients reported some degree of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction with COVID-19, respectively. The reported outcomes were in terms of pooled prevalence, with gustatory dysfunction being 57.33% and olfactory dysfunction being 59.69%, a significantly high occurrence. CONCLUSION There is a high occurrence of smell and taste impairment in COVID-19. Given the lack of objective testing for detecting OGD in most studies, the high prevalence found is likely to be an underestimation of the true prevalence. This implies that physicians must use them as reliable early indicators of COVID-19 and employ them before using expensive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anum Sohail
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hareem Farooq
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
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