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Fontes L, Machado P, Vinkemeier D, Yahaya S, Bird JJ, Ihianle IK. Enhancing Stress Detection: A Comprehensive Approach through rPPG Analysis and Deep Learning Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1096. [PMID: 38400254 PMCID: PMC10892284 DOI: 10.3390/s24041096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Stress has emerged as a major concern in modern society, significantly impacting human health and well-being. Statistical evidence underscores the extensive social influence of stress, especially in terms of work-related stress and associated healthcare costs. This paper addresses the critical need for accurate stress detection, emphasising its far-reaching effects on health and social dynamics. Focusing on remote stress monitoring, it proposes an efficient deep learning approach for stress detection from facial videos. In contrast to the research on wearable devices, this paper proposes novel Hybrid Deep Learning (DL) networks for stress detection based on remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), employing (Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN)) models with hyperparameter optimisation and augmentation techniques to enhance performance. The proposed approach yields a substantial improvement in accuracy and efficiency in stress detection, achieving up to 95.83% accuracy with the UBFC-Phys dataset while maintaining excellent computational efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Hybrid DL models for rPPG-based-stress detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Isibor Kennedy Ihianle
- Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (L.F.); (P.M.); (D.V.); (S.Y.); (J.J.B.)
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Watson KH, Eckland M, Schwartzman JM, Molnar A, Boon W, Hiller M, Scholer S, Mace R, Rothman A, Claassen DO, Riordan HR, Isaacs DA. The Association of Quality of Life with Psychosocial Factors in Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01656-0. [PMID: 38311626 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) have poorer quality of life (QoL) than their peers, yet factors contributing to poor QoL in this population remain unclear. Research to date has predominantly focused on the impact of tics and psychiatric symptoms on QoL in TS samples. The aim of this cross-sectional, multi-informant study was to identify psychosocial variables that may impact adolescent QoL in TS. Thirty-eight adolescents aged 13 to 17 with TS and 28 age-matched controls participated with a caregiver. No group differences were found on QoL, although the TS group reported reduced QoL compared to population normative data. In the TS group, reduced QoL was associated with lower self-esteem, poorer family functioning, higher stress, and greater depression and anxiety; QoL was unrelated to tic severity. In regression analyses, after adjusting for covariates, family functioning was the strongest predictor of QoL. These results emphasize the need to further explore the influence of psychosocial factors, particularly family functioning, on QoL in adolescents with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly H Watson
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Michelle Eckland
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jessica M Schwartzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Molnar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Whitney Boon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Hiller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth Scholer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alice Rothman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather R Riordan
- Phelps Center for Cerebral Palsy and Neurodevelopmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Isaacs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Noel ES, Chen A, Peña YA, Honeycutt JA. Early life adversity drives sex-dependent changes in 5-mC DNA methylation of parvalbumin cells in the prefrontal cortex in rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578313. [PMID: 38352518 PMCID: PMC10862911 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) can result in increased risk for developing affective disorders, such as anxiety or depression, later in life, with women showing increased risk. Interactions between an individual's genes and their environment play key roles in producing, as well as mitigating, later life neuropathology. Our current understanding of the underlying epigenomic drivers of ELA associated anxiety and depression are limited, and this stems in part from the complexity of underlying biochemical processes associated with how early experiences shapes later life behavior. Epigenetic alterations, or experience-driven modifications to DNA, can be leveraged to understand the interplay between genes and the environment. The present study characterized DNA methylation patterning, assessed via evaluation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), following ELA in a Sprague Dawley rat model of ELA induced by early caregiver deprivation. This study utilized maternal separation to investigate sex- and age-specific outcomes of ELA on epigenetic patterning in parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a subpopulation of inhibitory neurons which are associated with ELA and affective dysfunction. While global analysis of 5-mC methylation and CpG site specific pyrosequencing of the PV promoter, Pvalb, showed no obvious effects of ELA, when analyses were restricted to assessing 5-mC intensity in colocalized PV cells, there were significant sex and age dependent effects. We found that ELA leads sex-specific changes in PV cell counts, and that cell counts can be predicted by 5-mC intensity, with males and females showing distinct patterns of methylation and PV outcomes. ELA also produced sex-specific effects in corticosterone reactivity, with juvenile females showing a blunted stress hormone response compared to controls. Overall, ELA led to a sex-specific developmental shift in PV profile, which is comparable to profiles that are seen at a later developmental timepoint, and this shift may be mediated in part by epigenomic alterations driven by altered DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Noel
- Program in Biochemistry, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA
| | - Alissa Chen
- Program in Neuroscience, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Honeycutt
- Program in Neuroscience, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA
- Department of Psychology Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA
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Mastella GA, de Oliveira IH, de Godoi AK, do Nascimento LG, Alberton KS, Dagostim V, Cancilier SG, Madeira K, Réus GZ, Zugno AI. Behavioral and inflammatory changes in rats induced by a three-hit stress model: Implications for psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:307-317. [PMID: 38194848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Many aspects of the impact of childhood trauma remain unknown, such as the age at which individuals are most vulnerable to trauma, whether traumatic experiences have more severe and lasting effects when experienced early in life, and whether early life trauma causes psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD) that persist over time or evolve into other disorders. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of traumatic experiences in childhood on susceptibility to mood disorders in adulthood, particularly MDD. Animal models were used to address these questions, and different stressor protocols at various stages of the offspring's life were used. Three-hit starting with injections of Poly: IC was performed on the 9th day of gestation and then considered the first stressor. After birth, the animals were exposed to the maternal deprivation (MD) protocol, which separated the pups from the mother 3 h a day during the first ten days of life. From the 60th day of life, the animals were divided to receive the chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol over 21 days. The stressors can induce anxiety-like behaviors, such as increased locomotor activity through a maternal immune activation protocol using Poly: IC and demonstrating depressive-like behaviors through the MD and CMS protocols. It also showed changes in brain structures for pro-inflammatory parameters, IL-1β and TNF-α, and alterations in anti-inflammatory parameters, IL-4 and IL-10, at different ages of life. The study also found that regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is necessary for appropriate neuronal behavior, and stress responses can be both friendly and enemy, with costs and benefits balanced to provide the best-fit result. In conclusion, phenotypic characteristics of animals' life history are shaped by signals transmitted directly or indirectly to developing animals, known as "predictive adaptive responses."
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Antunes Mastella
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabela Hübbe de Oliveira
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Kunz de Godoi
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ghisi do Nascimento
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Schmoeller Alberton
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitória Dagostim
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Sarah Galatto Cancilier
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Computação e Métodos Quantitativos (LACON), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kristian Madeira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Aplicada em Computação e Métodos Quantitativos (LACON), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ioppi Zugno
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Sun X, Liu X, Wang X, Pang C, Yin Z, Zang S. Association between residential proximity to major roadways and chronic multimorbidity among Chinese older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38287240 PMCID: PMC10826232 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple negative health outcomes were linked to residential proximity to major roadways. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the association between residential proximity to major roadways and chronic multimorbidity. METHODS We used data from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, which included 12,214 individuals aged ≥ 60. We derived the residential proximity to major roadways from self-reported data, defining chronic multimorbidity as the presence of two or more concurrent chronic diseases. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to investigate the association between residential proximity to major roadways and chronic multimorbidity. The model accounted for some demographic features, socioeconomic conditions, social participation, and health conditions. Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analyses to examine potential interaction effects. RESULTS Residential proximity to major roadways was associated with chronic multimorbidity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Compared with those living > 300 m from major roadways, the OR for those living 201-300 m, 101-200 m, 50-100 m, and < 50 m were increased. When subgroup analyses were conducted using a cutoff point of 200 m, the risk of chronic multimorbidity associated with residential proximity to major roadways was stronger in participants with education levels > 6 years (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Our findings provide important implications for improving residential area siting, transportation policies, and environmental regulations to reduce the risk of chronic multimorbidity caused by traffic-related exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuange Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chang Pang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No.20 Bei Jiu Road, Heping District, 110002, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Terreros G, Pérez MÁ, Muñoz-LLancao P, D’Espessailles A, Martínez EA, Dagnino-Subiabre A. The Neuroprotective Role of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) Supplementation in Hippocampal Morphology and Memory of Adolescent Stressed Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:381. [PMID: 38337665 PMCID: PMC10857380 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain physiology and morphology are vulnerable to chronic stress, impacting cognitive performance and behavior. However, functional compounds found in food may alleviate these alterations. White quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) seeds contain a high content of n-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of a quinoa-based functional food (QFF) in rats. Prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with rat chow or QFF (50% rat chow + 50% dehydrated quinoa seeds) and exposed or not to restraint stress protocol (2 h/day; 15 days). Four experimental groups were used: Non-stressed (rat chow), Non-stressed + QFF, Stressed (rat chow) and Stressed + QFF. Weight gain, locomotor activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light-dark box), spatial memory (Y-maze), and dendritic length in the hippocampus were measured in all animals. QFF intake did not influence anxiety-like behaviors, while the memory of stressed rats fed with QFF improved compared to those fed with rat chow. Additionally, QFF intake mitigated the stress-induced dendritic atrophy in pyramidal neurons located in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. The results suggest that a quinoa-supplemented diet could play a protective role in the memory of chronically stressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Terreros
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 8370993, Chile; (G.T.); (A.D.)
- Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez
- Health Sciences School, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2580022, Chile;
| | - Pablo Muñoz-LLancao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Amanda D’Espessailles
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 8370993, Chile; (G.T.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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57
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Lee KC(G, Gao J, Leung HK, Wu BWY, Roberts A, Thach TQ, Sik HH. Modulating Consciousness through Awareness Training Program and Its Impacts on Psychological Stress and Age-Related Gamma Waves. Brain Sci 2024; 14:91. [PMID: 38248306 PMCID: PMC10813729 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging often leads to awareness decline and psychological stress. Meditation, a method of modulating consciousness, may help individuals improve overall awareness and increase emotional resilience toward stress. This study explored the potential influence of the Awareness Training Program (ATP), a form of consciousness modulation, on age-related brain wave changes and psychological stress in middle-aged adults. Eighty-five participants with mild stress were recruited and randomly assigned to ATP (45.00 ± 8.00 yr) or control (46.67 ± 7.80 yr) groups, matched by age and gender. Ten-minute resting-state EEG data, obtained while the participants' eyes were closed, were collected using a 128-channel EEG system (EGI). A strong positive Pearson correlation was found between fast-wave (beta wave, 12-25 Hz; gamma wave, 25-40 Hz) EEG and age. However, after the 7-week ATP intervention, this correlation became insignificant in the ATP group. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in stress levels, as measured by the Chinese version of the 10 item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), in the ATP group. These results suggest that ATP may help modulate age-related effects on fast brain waves, as evidenced by the reduced correlation magnitude between age and gamma waves, and lower psychological stress. This suggests that ATP, as a form of consciousness modulation, may improve stress resilience and modulate age-related gamma wave changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Cheung (George) Lee
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.G.); (H.K.L.); (B.W.Y.W.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Junling Gao
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.G.); (H.K.L.); (B.W.Y.W.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Hang Kin Leung
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.G.); (H.K.L.); (B.W.Y.W.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Bonnie Wai Yan Wu
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.G.); (H.K.L.); (B.W.Y.W.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Adam Roberts
- Singapore-ETH Centre, ETH Zurich, Singapore 138602, Singapore;
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Hin Hung Sik
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.G.); (H.K.L.); (B.W.Y.W.); (H.H.S.)
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58
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Lozada M, D'Adamo P. Enactive interventions can enhance agency, health, and social relationships during childhood. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1245883. [PMID: 38235280 PMCID: PMC10791784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1245883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lozada
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Paola D'Adamo
- ECyC IPEHCS CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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59
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De Looze C, McCrory C, O'Halloran A, Polidoro S, Anne Kenny R, Feeney J. Mind versus body: Perceived stress and biological stress are independently related to cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:696-704. [PMID: 37977246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress may increase risk of age-related cognitive decline. 'Stress', however, is a multidimensional construct and few studies have investigated the inter-relationship of subjective stress and biological stress with cognitive decline. In this study, we examine the relationship between perceived stress and two measures of biological stress - allostatic load, indexing stress at the physiological level and leukocyte telomere length, indexing stress at the cellular level - with cognitive decline over a 12-year period in adults aged 50 and older. 3,458 participants (aged ≥ 50) from The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing with measurements of allostatic load, telomere length and perceived stress at baseline and repeated measures of cognitive function were included. Hierarchical linear regression models with adjustment for multiple potential confounders were applied, and repeated stratified by sex in sensitivity analyses. Higher perceived stress at baseline was associated with lower cognitive function (β = -0.10, 95 % CI -0.12, -0.07, p <.001), with similar strength of associations across waves. There were significant interactions between measures of biological stress and wave; higher allostatic load was associated (X2(18) = 64.4; p <.001), and telomere length was borderline (X2(18) = 9.4; p =.09) associated with cognitive decline from 4-year follow-up onward. Sex stratified analyses revealed that the association between telomere length and cognitive decline was present in women only. Mutual adjustment did not attenuate associations in either case. The interactions between allostatic load and telomere length with perceived stress were not significant. Our findings suggest that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently related to cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at the potential for different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Almarzouki AF. Stress, working memory, and academic performance: a neuroscience perspective. Stress 2024; 27:2364333. [PMID: 38910331 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2364333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between stress and working memory (WM) is crucial in determining students' academic performance, but the interaction between these factors is not yet fully understood. WM is a key cognitive function that is important for learning academic skills, such as reading, comprehension, problem-solving, and math. Stress may negatively affect cognition, including WM, via various mechanisms; these include the deleterious effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on the structure and function of brain regions that are key for WM, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. This review explores the mechanisms underlying how stress impacts WM and how it can decrease academic performance. It highlights the importance of implementing effective stress-management strategies to protect WM function and improve academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F Almarzouki
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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61
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Dutton M, Boyes A, Can AT, Mohamed AZ, Hajishafiee M, Shan ZY, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Hippocampal subfield volumes predict treatment response to oral ketamine in people with suicidality. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:192-200. [PMID: 38042058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing stress results in hippocampal neuro-structural alterations which produce pathological consequences, including depression and suicidality. Ketamine may ameliorate stress related illnesses, including suicidality, via neuroplasticity processes. This novel study sought to determine whether oral ketamine treatment specifically affects hippocampal (whole and subfield) volumes in patients with chronic suicidality and MDD. It was hypothesised that oral ketamine treatment would differentially alter hippocampal volumes in trial participants categorised as ketamine responders, versus those who were non-responders. Twenty-eight participants received 6 single, weekly doses of oral ketamine (0.5-3 mg/kg) and underwent MRI scans at pre-ketamine (week 0), post-ketamine (week 6), and follow up (week 10). Hippocampal subfield volumes were extracted using the longitudinal pipeline in FreeSurfer. Participants were grouped according to ketamine response status and then compared in terms of grey matter volume (GMV) changes, among 10 hippocampal regions, over 6 and 10 weeks. Mixed ANOVAs were used to analyse interactions between time and group. Post treatment analysis revealed a significant main effect of group for three left hippocampal GMVs as well in the left and right whole hippocampus. Ketamine acute responders (Week 6) showed increased GMVs in both left and right whole hippocampus and in three subfields compared to acute non-responders, across all three timepoints, suggesting that pre-treatment increased hippocampal GMVs (particularly left hemisphere) may be predictive biomarkers of acute treatment response. Future studies should further investigate the potential of hippocampal volumes as a biomarker of ketamine treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dutton
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Amanda Boyes
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adem T Can
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abdalla Z Mohamed
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maryam Hajishafiee
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zack Y Shan
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Wang R, Li L, Chen M, Li X, Liu Y, Xue Z, Ma Q, Chen J. Gene expression insights: Chronic stress and bipolar disorder: A bioinformatics investigation. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:392-414. [PMID: 38303428 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects an increasing number of people worldwide. The mechanisms of BD are unclear, but some studies have suggested that it may be related to genetic factors with high heritability. Moreover, research has shown that chronic stress can contribute to the development of major illnesses. In this paper, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze the possible mechanisms of chronic stress affecting BD through various aspects. We obtained gene expression data from postmortem brains of BD patients and healthy controls in datasets GSE12649 and GSE53987, and we identified 11 chronic stress-related genes (CSRGs) that were differentially expressed in BD. Then, we screened five biomarkers (IGFBP6, ALOX5AP, MAOA, AIF1 and TRPM3) using machine learning models. We further validated the expression and diagnostic value of the biomarkers in other datasets (GSE5388 and GSE78936) and performed functional enrichment analysis, regulatory network analysis and drug prediction based on the biomarkers. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that chronic stress can affect the occurrence and development of BD through many aspects, including monoamine oxidase production and decomposition, neuroinflammation, ion permeability, pain perception and others. In this paper, we confirm the importance of studying the genetic influences of chronic stress on BD and other psychiatric disorders and suggested that biomarkers related to chronic stress may be potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyanqi Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Man Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yueyun Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Gersamia AG, Pochigaeva KI, Less YE, Akzhigitov RG, Guekht AB, Gulyaeva NV. [Gender characteristics of depressive disorders: clinical, psychological, neurobiological and translational aspects]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:7-16. [PMID: 38529858 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20241240317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Various studies have indicated that the prevalence of depression is almost twice as high among women as among men. A major factor associated with the development of depression and other affective disorders are adverse and psychologically traumatic life events that contribute to changes in the neuroendocrine system, altering the capacity to adapt to stress. These changes are involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, along with genetic and other factors, and are to a significant degree regulated by gender dependent mechanisms. While women have a high prevalence of depressive disorders, men show a higher rate of alcohol and substance abuse. These differences in the epidemiology are most likely explained by different predisposition to mental disorders in men and women and a diversity of biological consequences to adverse life events. Taking this into account, there is a need for a critical review of currently used approaches to modeling depressive disorders in preclinical studies, including the use of animals of both sexes. Adaptation of experimental models and protocols taking into account gender characteristics of neuroendocrine changes in response to stress, as well as structural-morphological, electrophysiological, molecular, genetic and epigenetic features, will significantly increase the translational validity of experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Gersamia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - K I Pochigaeva
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu E Less
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - R G Akzhigitov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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O'Rourke T, Humer E, Plener PL, Pieh C, Probst T. Moderation effects of health behaviors on stress and suicidal ideation in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey during COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21376. [PMID: 38049631 PMCID: PMC10696036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional online survey study investigated whether certain health behaviors moderated the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation in Austrian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1505 14-20-year-old (median age = 16) high school students (77.9% female) filled out an online survey from September to November 2021. Perceived stress was measured with the PSS10, suicidal ideation with item 9 of the PHQ-9. The following health behaviors were assessed: Physical activity (days/week), phone use (hours/day), problematic drinking behavior (CAGE). All three health behaviors significantly moderated the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation (all p < .05), but effects were small. The moderation analyses revealed that higher physical activity and less time spent on the phone were associated with less suicidal ideation at higher stress levels. Showing signs of problematic drinking behavior was associated with higher suicidal ideation at higher stress levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that some health behaviors may be able to act as a buffer between perceived stress and suicidal ideation. However, more research is needed to confirm these potentially buffering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa O'Rourke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Elke Humer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Marzola P, Melzer T, Pavesi E, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. Exploring the Role of Neuroplasticity in Development, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 38137058 PMCID: PMC10741468 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to reorganize and modify its neural connections in response to environmental stimuli, experience, learning, injury, and disease processes. It encompasses a range of mechanisms, including changes in synaptic strength and connectivity, the formation of new synapses, alterations in the structure and function of neurons, and the generation of new neurons. Neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining brain function, including learning and memory, as well as in recovery from brain injury and adaptation to environmental changes. In this review, we explore the vast potential of neuroplasticity in various aspects of brain function across the lifespan and in the context of disease. Changes in the aging brain and the significance of neuroplasticity in maintaining cognitive function later in life will also be reviewed. Finally, we will discuss common mechanisms associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes (including protein aggregation and accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation) and how these processes can be mitigated, at least partially, by non-invasive and non-pharmacologic lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting and harnessing neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marzola
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Thayza Melzer
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Eloisa Pavesi
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
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König M, Berhe O, Ioannidis K, Orellana S, Davidson E, Kaser M, Moreno-López L, van Harmelen AL. The stress-buffering role of friendships in young people with childhood threat experiences: a preliminary report. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281971. [PMID: 38154076 PMCID: PMC10990450 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High-quality friendships have a positive impact on the mental health of young people with childhood adversity (CA). Social stress buffering, the phenomenon of a social partner attenuating acute stress responses, is a potential yet unexplored mechanism that may underlie this relationship.Objective: This study examined whether perceived friendship quality was related to better mental health and lower neural stress response in young people with CA.Method: A total of N = 102 young people (aged 16-26) with low to moderate CA were included in the study. We first investigated associations between friendship quality, mental health, and CA. In a representative subset (n = 62), we assessed neural stress responses using the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. In our sample, CA was best described along two dimensions resembling threat or deprivation like experiences. Hence, we investigated both cumulative and dimensional effects of CA.Results: We found no support for social thinning after CA, meaning that the severity of CA (cumulative or dimensional) did not differentially impact friendship quality. High-quality friendships, on the other hand, were strongly associated with better mental health. Furthermore, acute stress increased state anxiety and enhanced neural activity in five frontolimbic brain regions, including the left hippocampus. We found weak support that threat experiences interacted with friendship quality to predict left hippocampal reactivity to stress. However, this effect did not survive multiple comparison correction.Conclusion: The absence of social thinning in our sample may suggest that the risk of developing impoverished social networks is low for rather well-functioning young people with low to moderate CA. Regardless, our findings align with prior research, consistently showing a strong association between high-quality friendships and better mental health in young people with CA. Future research is needed to examine whether friendships aid neural stress responses in young people with childhood threat experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian König
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sofia Orellana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugenia Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzaffer Kaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - RAISE Consortium
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Moreno-López
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Duarte Luiz J, Manassi C, Magnani M, Cruz AGD, Pimentel TC, Verruck S. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a promising adjuvant for neurological disorders therapy through the brain-gut axis and related action pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37950651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2280247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis in neurological disorders has highlighted the gut-microbiota-brain axis and psychobiotics and their ability to act on the brain-gut axis. Studying and discovering new approaches in therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders are strategies that have been discussed and put into practice. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacteria species with an extensive history of safe use whose action as a psychobiotic has been successfully explored. This review describes and discusses the mechanisms of action of L. plantarum and its potential for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. Randomized and controlled trials in humans or animals and using supplements based on different strains of L. plantarum were selected. The psychobiotic effect of L. plantarum has been shown, mainly through its action on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and regulation of levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it could protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier and decrease inflammation, alleviating a series of symptoms of neurological diseases. The results showed improvements in cognitive function, memory, anxiety, hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), sleep quality, and growth stimulation of beneficial species of bacteria in the gut. Larger and deeper studies are needed to use psychobiotics to prevent and treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josilaene Duarte Luiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Manassi
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Paraná (IFPR), Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Silvani Verruck
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Ayala-Rodríguez JD, García-Colunga J. Maternal separation modifies spontaneous synaptic activity in the infralimbic cortex of stress-resilient male rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294151. [PMID: 37943747 PMCID: PMC10635473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate and GABA signaling systems are necessary to maintain proper function of the central nervous system through excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Alteration of this balance in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as an effect of early-life stress, may lead to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders. Few studies exist in the infralimbic division of the mPFC to understand the effect of early-life stress at different ages, which is the purpose of the present work. Newborn Sprague Dawley male rats were subjected to maternal separation (MS) for two weeks. First, tests measuring anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were performed on adolescent and adult rats subjected to MS (MS-rats). Then, to establish a relationship with behavioral results, electrophysiological recordings were performed in neurons of the infralimbic cortex in acute brain slices of infant, adolescent, and adult rats. In the behavioral tests, there were no significant differences in MS-rats compared to control rats at any age. Moreover, MS had no effect on the passive membrane properties nor neuronal excitability in the infralimbic cortex, whereas spontaneous synaptic activity in infralimbic neurons was altered. The frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic events increased in infant MS-rats, whereas in adolescent MS-rats both the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous GABAergic events increased without any effect on glutamatergic synaptic responses. In adult MS-rats, these two parameters decreased in spontaneous GABAergic synaptic events, whereas only the frequency of glutamatergic events decreased. These data suggest that rats subjected to MS did not exhibit behavioral changes and presented an age-dependent E/I imbalance in the infralimbic cortex, possibly due to differential changes in neurotransmitter release and/or receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús David Ayala-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Jesús García-Colunga
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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Valdez MC, Freeborn DL, Valdez JM, Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Jackson TW, Kodavanti PRS, Kodavanti UP. Influence of Mild Chronic Stress and Social Isolation on Acute Ozone-Induced Alterations in Stress Biomarkers and Brain-Region-Specific Gene Expression in Male Wistar-Kyoto Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1964. [PMID: 38001817 PMCID: PMC10669107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with psychosocial stress often experience an exaggerated response to air pollutants. Ozone (O3) exposure has been associated with the activation of the neuroendocrine stress-response system. We hypothesized that preexistent mild chronic stress plus social isolation (CS), or social isolation (SI) alone, would exacerbate the acute effects of O3 exposure on the circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones, and the expression of the genes regulating glucocorticoid stress signaling via an altered stress adaptation in a brain-region-specific manner. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (5 weeks old) were socially isolated, plus were subjected to either CS (noise, confinement, fear, uncomfortable living, hectic activity, and single housing), SI (single housing only, restricted handling and no enrichment) or no stress (NS; double housing, frequent handling and enrichment provided) for 8 weeks. The rats were then exposed to either air or O3 (0.8 ppm for 4 h), and the samples were collected immediately after. The indicators of sympathetic and hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) activation (i.e., epinephrine, corticosterone, and lymphopenia) increased with O3 exposure, but there were no effects from CS or SI, except for the depletion of serum BDNF. CS and SI revealed small changes in brain-region-specific glucocorticoid-signaling-associated markers of gene expression in the air-exposed rats (hypothalamic Nr3c1, Nr3c2 Hsp90aa1, Hspa4 and Cnr1 inhibition in SI; hippocampal HSP90aa1 increase in SI; and inhibition of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) Cnr1 in CS). Gene expression across all brain regions was altered by O3, reflective of glucocorticoid signaling effects, such as Fkbp5 in NS, CS and SI. The SI effects on Fkbp5 were greatest for SI in BNST. O3 increased Cnr2 expression in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulbs of the NS and SI groups. O3, in all stress conditions, generally inhibited the expression of Nr3c1 in all brain regions, Nr3c2 in the hippocampus and hypothalamus and Bdnf in the hippocampus. SI, in general, showed slightly greater O3-induced changes when compared to NS and CS. Serum metabolomics revealed increased sphingomyelins in the air-exposed SI and O3-exposed NS, with underlying SI dampening some of the O3-induced changes. These results suggest a potential link between preexistent SI and acute O3-induced increases in the circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones and brain-region-specific gene expression changes in glucocorticoid signaling, which may partly underlie the stress dynamic in those with long-term SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Valdez
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (M.C.V.); (D.L.F.); (J.M.V.); (P.R.S.K.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (A.R.H.); (T.W.J.)
| | - Danielle L. Freeborn
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (M.C.V.); (D.L.F.); (J.M.V.); (P.R.S.K.)
| | - Joseph M. Valdez
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (M.C.V.); (D.L.F.); (J.M.V.); (P.R.S.K.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (A.R.H.); (T.W.J.)
| | - Andres R. Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (A.R.H.); (T.W.J.)
| | - Samantha J. Snow
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (A.R.H.); (T.W.J.)
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;
| | - Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (M.C.V.); (D.L.F.); (J.M.V.); (P.R.S.K.)
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;
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James DL, Larkey LK, Evans B, Sebren A, Goldsmith K, Ahlich E, Hawley NA, Kechter A, Sears DD. Mechanisms of improved body composition among perimenopausal women practicing Meditative Movement: a proposed biobehavioral model. Menopause 2023; 30:1114-1123. [PMID: 37788427 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Weight gain and unfavorable body composition are prevalent among midlife/older women throughout menopause. These shifts may negatively impact health, well-being, and longevity. Efforts to attenuate weight and body composition changes are traditionally driven by manipulation of diet and/or exercise; however, sustained results are limited, possibly because the full spectrum of biobehavioral systems is not addressed by diet and exercise alone. We propose a biobehavioral model detailing mechanisms of body composition decline among perimenopausal women and the associated components of Meditative Movement (ie, tai chi, qigong, yoga) that address each of these factors. METHODS Based on our previous work and extensive review of the literature, we developed a multifactorial and multidimensional biobehavioral model including factors that most directly relate to body composition among perimenopausal women: 1) psychological (ie, stress and mood, mindfulness and self-compassion, body awareness), 2) behavioral (ie, sleep, physical activity, eating behaviors), and 3) physiological (ie, cortisol, estrogen). Relationships between each factor, Meditative Movement practice components, and predicted effects on body composition were explored in detail. RESULTS Our model describes select psychological, behavioral, and physiological factors, and potential mechanistic pathways of Meditative Movement practice driving improved changes in body composition and weight outcomes for perimenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model details a novel, evidence-supported means to reduce the risk of deleterious shifts in body composition throughout perimenopause and menopause thereafter. We suggest that these changes may occur directly and/or indirectly through psychological, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms that facilitate the desired changes in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda K Larkey
- From the Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Bronwynne Evans
- From the Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ann Sebren
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimberley Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Ahlich
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Nanako A Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | | | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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de Kloet ER. Glucocorticoid feedback paradox: a homage to Mary Dallman. Stress 2023; 26:2247090. [PMID: 37589046 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2247090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the end product of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone coordinate circadian activities, stress-coping, and adaptation to change. For this purpose, the hormone promotes energy metabolism and controls defense reactions in the body and brain. This life-sustaining action exerted by glucocorticoids occurs in concert with the autonomic nervous and immune systems, transmitters, growth factors/cytokines, and neuropeptides. The current contribution will focus on the glucocorticoid feedback paradox in the HPA-axis: the phenomenon that stress responsivity remains resilient if preceded by stress-induced secretion of glucocorticoid hormone, but not if this hormone is previously administered. Furthermore, in animal studies, the mixed progesterone/glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 or mifepristone switches to an apparent partial agonist upon repeated administration. To address these enigmas several interesting phenomena are highlighted. These include the conditional nature of the excitation/inhibition balance in feedback regulation, the role of glucose as a determinant of stress responsivity, and the potential of glucocorticoids in resetting the stress response system. The analysis of the feedback paradox provides also a golden opportunity to review the progress in understanding the role of glucocorticoid hormone in resilience and vulnerability during stress, the science that was burned deeply in Mary Dallman's emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo Ronald de Kloet
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dandi Ε, Theotokis P, Petri MC, Sideropoulou V, Spandou E, Tata DA. Environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence restores the reduced expression of synaptophysin and GFAP in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats in a sex-specific manner. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22422. [PMID: 37796476 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating whether environmental enrichment (EE) initiated in adolescence can alter chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-associated changes in astroglial and synaptic plasticity markers in male and female rats. To this end, we studied possible alterations in hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin (SYN) in CUS rats previously housed in EE. Wistar rats on postnatal day (PND) 23 were housed for 10 weeks in standard housing (SH) or enriched conditions. On PND 66, animals were exposed to CUS for 4 weeks. SYN and GFAP expressions were evaluated in CA1 and CA3 subfields and dentate gyrus (DG). CUS reduced the expression of SYN in all hippocampal areas, whereas lower GFAP expression was evident only in CA1 and CA3. The reduced expression of SYN in DG and CA3 was evident to male SH/CUS rats, whereas the reduced GFAP expression in CA1 and CA3 was limited to SH/CUS females. EE housing increased the hippocampal expression of both markers and protected against CUS-associated decreases. Our findings indicate that the decreases in the expression of SYN and GFAP following CUS are region and sex-specific and underline the neuroprotective role of EE against these CUS-associated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Εvgenia Dandi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Christina Petri
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaia Sideropoulou
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Spandou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina A Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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73
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE, Papalexis P, Chrousos GP, Spandidos DA. Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:124. [PMID: 37711028 PMCID: PMC10552722 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a state of disrupted homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the stressors, which are counteracted by various physiological and behavioural adaptive responses. Stress has been linked to cancer development and incidence for decades; however, epidemiological studies and clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. The present review discusses the effects of stress on cancer development and the various underlying mechanisms. Animal studies have revealed a clear link between stress and cancer progression, revealing molecular, cellular and endocrine processes that are implicated in these effects. Thus, stress hormones, their receptor systems and their intracellular molecular pathways mediate the effects of stress on cancer initiation, progression and the development of metastases. The mechanisms linking stress and cancer progression can either be indirect, mediated by changes in the cancer microenvironment or immune system dysregulation, or direct, through the binding of neuroendocrine stress‑related signalling molecules to cancer cell receptors. Stress affects numerous anti‑ and pro‑cancer immune system components, including host resistance to metastasis, tumour retention and/or immune suppression. Chronic psychological stress through the elevation of catecholamine levels may increase cancer cell death resistance. On the whole, stress is linked to cancer development and incidence, with psychological stressors playing a crucial role. Animal studies have revealed a better link than human ones, with stress‑related hormones influencing tumour development, migration, invasion and cell proliferation. Randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate the long‑term cancer outcomes of stress and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P. Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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74
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Karrasch S, Mavioğlu RN, Matits L, Gumpp AM, Mack M, Behnke A, Tumani V, Karabatsiakis A, Bongartz W, Kolassa IT. Randomized controlled trial investigating potential effects of relaxation on mitochondrial function in immune cells: A pilot experiment. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108656. [PMID: 37544424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a relaxation response induced by hypnosis on the mitochondrial energy production of immune cells compared to an everyday relaxing situation. Chronically stressed individuals (88% women) with at least moderate suggestibility were randomized to a hypnosis (20 min relaxation hypnosis; n = 20) or a control condition (20 min documentary; n = 22). Before and after intervention, peripheral blood was collected. The primary outcomes were mitochondrial respiration and density in immune cells measured by high-resolution respirometry and citrate synthase activity assays. As secondary outcome, perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive mood were assessed. The intervention led to no significant Group × Time effects on mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters but a significant Time effect (ηp2 = .09 -.10). Thus, there were no differences in the experimental conditions concerning the measured parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Exploratory subanalyses indicated that stress, anxiety, and depressive mood were linked to lower mitochondrial respiration. Individuals with higher anxiety had less decrease in routine respiration over time than those with lower anxiety (ηp2 = .09). This study explores the effects of relaxation in the form of hypnosis compared to watching a video on the energy metabolism of immune cells. Relaxation, whether in targeted (hypnosis) or untargeted (documentary) form, affected mitochondrial respiration. Further research should focus on the long-term effects of relaxation on bioenergetics. The trial was retrospectively registered on 07/12/2021, DRKS00027356, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00027356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Karrasch
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rezan Nehir Mavioğlu
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lynn Matits
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Maria Gumpp
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Behnke
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Visal Tumani
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Leimgrubenweg 12, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology-II, University of Innsbruck, Universitätsstrasse 57, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walter Bongartz
- Klingenberg Institute of Clinical Hypnosis, Färberstr. 3a, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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75
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Seldin K, Lengua LJ, King KM. The relation between stress and impulsivity during the first year of college. J Pers 2023; 91:1189-1206. [PMID: 36377955 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has established that short-term and persistent stress negatively impact mental health, with one proposed consequence being increased impulsivity. The present study tests the short-term and persistent associations between stress and three facets of global self-reports of impulsivity: negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance, among young adults across 6 months of their first year of college. METHOD College freshmen (n = 362) completed self-report questionnaires assessing stress, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance three times over a 6-month period. Pre-registered analyses were conducted using multilevel growth curve models. RESULTS Confirmatory analyses suggested that persistent stress was associated with higher levels of negative urgency and trajectories of worsening lack of perseverance over time, while short-term stress was associated with higher negative urgency. Lack of premeditation was not robustly associated with stress. CONCLUSIONS While both persistent and short-term exposure to stress may be associated with some facets of global self-reports of impulsivity, the relations vary across facets of impulsivity. Overall, negative urgency was the most robustly associated with stress on both time scales, which suggests that this facet of impulsivity may be the most impacted in the context of stress in the first year of college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Seldin
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Liliana J Lengua
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin M King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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76
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Hill-Jarrett TG. The Black radical imagination: a space of hope and possible futures. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1241922. [PMID: 37808484 PMCID: PMC10557459 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1241922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical imagination entails stepping outside the confines of the now and into the expansiveness of what could be. It has been described as the ability to dream of possible futures and bring these possibilities back to the present to drive social transformation. This perspective paper seeks to provide an overview of the radical imagination and its intersections with Afrofuturism, a framework and artistic epistemology that expresses the Black cultural experience through a space of hope where Blackness is integral. In this paper, I propose three processes that comprise the radical imagination: (1) imagining alternative Black futures, (2) radical hope, and (3) collective courage. I consider the neural networks that underlie each process and consider how the Black radical imagination is a portal through which aging Black adults experience hope and envision futures that drive social change. I conclude with considerations of what brain health and healing justice looks like for aging Black Americans- specifically, how invocation of the Black radical imagination may have positive brain health effects for a demographic group at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha G. Hill-Jarrett
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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77
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Esposito S, Deolmi M, Ramundo G, Puntoni M, Caminiti C, Principi N. True prevalence of long COVID in children: a narrative review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225952. [PMID: 37789860 PMCID: PMC10543413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to what is true for adults, little is known about pediatric long COVID (LC). Studies enrolling children are relatively few and extremely heterogeneous. This does not allow to draw definitive conclusions on the frequency and pathogenesis of pediatric LC and limits the development of appropriate and effective measures to contain the clinical, social and economic impact of this condition on the pediatric population. Depending on the methods used to collect and analyze data, studies have found that the incidence rate of pediatric LC may vary from about 25% to less than 5%. However, despite true prevalence of pediatric LC cannot be exactly defined, studies comparing children with previous COVID-19 and uninfected controls have shown that most of the clinical manifestations detected in infected children, mainly mood symptoms, mental health disorders and heart abnormalities could be diagnosed with similar frequency and severity in uninfected subjects also. This seems to indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of pediatric LC only in a part of children and other factors play a relevant role in this regard. Pandemic itself with the persistent disruption of child lives may have caused persistent stress in all the pediatric population causing mood symptoms, mental health disorders or several organ and body system functional alterations, regardless SARS-CoV-2 infection. These suppositions suggest the need for long-term physical control of all the children after COVID-19 especially when they were already suffering from an underlying disease or have had a severe disease. Moreover, attention should be paid to the assessment of change in children's emotional and behavioral functioning in order to assure adequate interventions for the best emotional and behavioral well being. However, whatever its origin, it seems highly likely that the prevalence of the pediatric LC is set to decline in the future. Preliminary observations seem to suggest that recently developed SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with less severe COVID-19. This suggests that, as already seen in adults, a lower number of pediatric virus-associated LC cases should occur. Furthermore, the use of COVID-19 vaccines, reducing incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, may reduce risk of LC development. Finally, elimination of restrictive measures should significantly reduce mood symptoms and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Deolmi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Greta Ramundo
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Caminiti
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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78
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El Tahir M. Stress Levels and Coping Strategies of Families of Adults With Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviours During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qatar. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023; 27:689-700. [PMID: 35422144 PMCID: PMC9014332 DOI: 10.1177/17446295211062381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the perceived stress levels and coping strategies of caregivers of adults with intellectual disability and challenging behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 7 to September 7, 2020 for caregivers of adults diagnosed with intellectual disability and challenging behaviours. Perceived stress levels and coping strategies were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory. Results showed moderate to high perceived stress levels in most caregivers (69%). The most frequent coping strategy was religion, followed by acceptance and active coping. Substance use and self-blame were less frequently used. The study revealed that emotional support, informational support and venting coping strategies were significant predictors of perceived stress levels. Restrictions on physical activity and social mobility caused by pandemic-related lockdowns have placed tremendous pressure on caregivers. Appropriate supportive measures should be implemented for the caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Tahir
- Mohamed El Tahir, Mental Health Services,
Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, P O BOX 3050, Doha, Qatar.
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79
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Sharma R, Humphrey JL, Frueh L, Kinnee EJ, Sheffield PE, Clougherty JE. Neighborhood violence and socioeconomic deprivation influence associations between acute air pollution and temperature on childhood asthma in New York city. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116235. [PMID: 37244495 PMCID: PMC10364588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution, temperature, and social stressor exposures are linked with asthma risk, with potential synergistic effects. We examined associations for acute pollution and temperature exposures, with modification by neighborhood violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation, on asthma morbidity among children aged 5-17 years year-round in New York City. Using conditional logistic regression in a time-stratified, case-crossover design, we quantified percent excess risk of asthma event per 10-unit increase in daily, residence-specific exposures to PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, and minimum daily temperature (Tmin). Data on 145,834 asthma cases presenting to NYC emergency departments from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). Residence- and day-specific spatiotemporal exposures were assigned using the NYC Community Air Survey (NYCCAS) spatial data and daily EPA pollution and NOAA weather data. Point-level NYPD violent crime data for 2009 (study midpoint) was aggregated, and Socioeconomic Deprivation Index (SDI) scores assigned, by census tract. Separate models were fit for each pollutant or temperature exposure for lag days 0-6, controlling for co-exposures and humidity, and mutually-adjusted interactions (modification) by quintile of violent crime and SDI were assessed. We observed stronger main effects for PM2.5 and SO2 in the cold season on lag day 1 [4.90% (95% CI: 3.77-6.04) and 8.57% (5.99-11.21), respectively]; Tmin in the cold season on lag day 0 [2.26% (1.25-3.28)]; and NO2 and O3 in the warm season on lag days 1 [7.86% (6.66-9.07)] and 2 [4.75% (3.53-5.97)], respectively. Violence and SDI modified the main effects in a non-linear manner; contrary to hypotheses, we found stronger associations in lower-violence and -deprivation quintiles. At very high stressor exposures, although asthma exacerbations were highly prevalent, pollution effects were less apparent-suggesting potential saturation effects in socio-environmental synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jamie L Humphrey
- Center for Health Analytics, Media & Policy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen J Kinnee
- University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Perry E Sheffield
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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80
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Herbers JE, DeCandia CJ, Volk KT, Unick GJ. Profiles and Predictors of Neurodevelopmental Functioning among Young Children Experiencing Family Homelessness. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2023; 65:407-416. [PMID: 37635734 PMCID: PMC10449385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the context of family homelessness, children experience acute adversities related to loss of housing and residential mobility compounded with more chronic, poverty-related adversities and stressors. Among children in families experiencing homelessness, variability in experiences and outcomes warrant person-centered approaches to better delineate patterns of risk and resilience. Using latent profile analysis as a person-centered approach, we identified five distinct profiles of neurodevelopmental functioning within a sample of 231 children (ages 3-5 years old) staying in emergency homeless shelters with their families. Latent profiles were informed by indicators from parent-reported items for ten different domains of neurodevelopmental functioning. We examined whether demographic and ecological factors including age, ethnicity, adverse childhood experiences, parent mental health, and overreactive parenting would predict profile membership. Overall, half of the children in the sample demonstrated a profile of resilient functioning across developmental domains. Profiles of maladaptive functioning differed in areas of strength and challenge, with a small percentage of children showing poor functioning across all domains. Children whose parents had more mental health problems or overreactive parenting were significantly more likely to show profiles of poor functioning than to show resilient functioning. Implications for future research, practice, and policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette E Herbers
- Villanova University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova, PA, USA
| | | | | | - George J Unick
- University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
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81
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Douglas K, Bell C, Tanveer S, Eggleston K, Porter R, Boden J. UNITE Project: understanding neurocognitive impairment after trauma exposure-study protocol of an observational study in Christchurch, New Zealand. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072195. [PMID: 37550025 PMCID: PMC10407410 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous research has demonstrated significant cognitive effects of earthquake exposure 2-3 years following the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2011. Such impairment has major implications for a population trying to recover, and to rebuild, a devastated city. This study aims to examine psychological, cognitive and biological factors that may contribute to subjective cognitive difficulties in a large group of individuals exposed to the Canterbury earthquake sequence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Two-hundred earthquake-exposed participants from an existing large cohort study (Christchurch Health and Development Study, CHDS) will be recruited. Inclusion is based on results of online screening of the CHDS cohort, using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Individuals scoring the highest (n=100) and lowest (n=100), representing the highest and lowest levels of subjective cognitive impairment, are selected. Exclusions are: psychotic/bipolar disorders, serious substance/alcohol dependence, chronic medical conditions, pregnancy and previous serious head injury. Participants will undergo a half-day assessment including clinician-rated interviews, self-report measures, objective and subjective cognitive assessments, blood sample collection and physical measurements. The primary analysis will compare cognitive, psychological and biological measures in 'high' and 'low' subjective cognitive impairment groups. The study will have power (p<0.05, α=0.8) to show a difference between groups of 0.4 SD on any variable. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this study was granted by the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee. The online screening component of the study received ethical approval on 1 April 2021 (16/STH/188, PAF 7), and the main study (subsequent to screening) received approval on 16 August 2021 (Northern A 21/NTA/68). All participants provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated initially to the CHDS cohort members, the wider Canterbury community, and then by publication in scientific journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05090046).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Douglas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandila Tanveer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate Eggleston
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Specialist Mental Health Services, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Specialist Mental Health Services, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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82
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Rösner C, Tüscher O, Petrowski K. Resilience as a predictor of habituation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01658-y. [PMID: 37526676 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Habituation refers to the physiological adaptation to recurrent stressors, which can be measured by cortisol levels, and is considered a central mechanism in reducing allostatic load. Resilience, a potential factor influencing stress reduction, is the focus of this study. Specifically, the study aims to investigate the impact of resilience, as assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), on habituation. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was used as the recurrent stressor, and it was administered to each of the 56 subjects at 4 consecutive measurements. To assess habituation, various physiological parameters including the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) and with respect to the increase (AUCi), cortisol peak, slope from baseline to peak, and recovery were calculated. Mixed linear models were employed to examine the differences in the influence of resilience on habituation across the different time points. The findings indicate that the influence of resilience significantly varies from the first to the fourth measurement time point for AUCg (p = .048), while no significant differences were observed for the other cortisol parameters. The effects plot suggests that individuals with higher levels of resilience exhibit lower AUCg values throughout the measurements. These findings provide initial evidence supporting resilience as a predictor of cortisol habituation. However, future studies should also consider dynamic resilience models, utilizing longitudinally assessed resilience as a predictor for habituation, to explore whether resilience acts as a determinant of habituation or if habituation itself constitutes a resilience mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rösner
- Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH Mainz, Wallstr. 7, 55122, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH Mainz, Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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83
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Dandi Ε, Spandou E, Dalla C, Tata DA. Τhe neuroprotective role of environmental enrichment against behavioral, morphological, neuroendocrine and molecular changes following chronic unpredictable mild stress: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3003-3025. [PMID: 37461295 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors interact with biological and genetic factors influencing the development and well-being of an organism. The interest in better understanding the role of environment on behavior and physiology led to the development of animal models of environmental manipulations. Environmental enrichment (EE), an environmental condition that allows cognitive and sensory stimulation as well as social interaction, improves cognitive function, reduces anxiety and depressive-like behavior and promotes neuroplasticity. In addition, it exerts protection against neurodegenerative disorders, cognitive aging and deficits aggravated by stressful experiences. Given the beneficial effects of EE on the brain and behavior, preclinical studies have focused on its protective role as an alternative, non-invasive manipulation, to help an organism to cope better with stress. A valid, reliable and effective animal model of chronic stress that enhances anxiety and depression-like behavior is the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The variety of stressors and the unpredictability in the time and sequence of exposure to prevent habituation, render CUMS an ethologically relevant model. CUMS has been associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, elevation in the basal levels of stress hormones, reduction in brain volume, dendritic atrophy and alterations in markers of synaptic plasticity. Although numerous studies have underlined the compensatory role of EE against the negative effects of various chronic stress regimens (e.g. restraint and social isolation), research concerning the interaction between EE and CUMS is sparse. The purpose of the current systematic review is to present up-to-date research findings regarding the protective role of EE against the negative effects of CUMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Εvgenia Dandi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Spandou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina A Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Khalaf AM, Alubied AA, Khalaf AM, Rifaey AA. The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42990. [PMID: 37671234 PMCID: PMC10476631 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents increasingly find it difficult to picture their lives without social media. Practitioners need to be able to assess risk, and social media may be a new component to consider. Although there is limited empirical evidence to support the claim, the perception of the link between social media and mental health is heavily influenced by teenage and professional perspectives. Privacy concerns, cyberbullying, and bad effects on schooling and mental health are all risks associated with this population's usage of social media. However, ethical social media use can expand opportunities for connection and conversation, as well as boost self-esteem, promote health, and gain access to critical medical information. Despite mounting evidence of social media's negative effects on adolescent mental health, there is still a scarcity of empirical research on how teens comprehend social media, particularly as a body of wisdom, or how they might employ wider modern media discourses to express themselves. Youth use cell phones and other forms of media in large numbers, resulting in chronic sleep loss, which has a negative influence on cognitive ability, school performance, and socio-emotional functioning. According to data from several cross-sectional, longitudinal, and empirical research, smartphone and social media use among teenagers relates to an increase in mental distress, self-harming behaviors, and suicidality. Clinicians can work with young people and their families to reduce the hazards of social media and smartphone usage by using open, nonjudgmental, and developmentally appropriate tactics, including education and practical problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman M Khalaf
- Psychiatry Department, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah A Alubied
- Psychiatry Department, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ahmed M Khalaf
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
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Walton NL, Antonoudiou P, Barros L, Dargan T, DiLeo A, Evans-Strong A, Gabby J, Howard S, Paracha R, Sánchez EJ, Weiss GL, Kong D, Maguire JL. Impaired Endogenous Neurosteroid Signaling Contributes to Behavioral Deficits Associated With Chronic Stress. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:249-261. [PMID: 36736870 PMCID: PMC10363189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric illnesses, including depression. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby stress leads to mood disorders remain unclear. Allopregnanolone acts as a positive allosteric modulator preferentially on δ subunit-containing GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A) receptors. Accumulating clinical and preclinical evidence supports the antidepressant effects of exogenous administration of allopregnanolone analogs; yet, the role of endogenous allopregnanolone in the pathophysiology of depression remains unknown. METHODS We utilized a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mouse model, followed by behavioral and biochemical assays, to examine whether altered neurosteroid signaling contributes to behavioral outcomes following CUS. We subsequently performed in vivo CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) knockdown of rate-limiting enzymes involved in allopregnanolone synthesis, 5α-reductase type 1 and 2 (5α1/2), in addition to lentiviral overexpression of 5α1/2 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of mice that underwent CUS to assess the impact of 5α1/2 on behavioral outcomes. RESULTS The expression of δ subunit-containing GABAA receptors and endogenous levels of allopregnanolone were reduced in the BLA following CUS. Treatment with an exogenous allopregnanolone analog, SGE-516, was sufficient to increase allopregnanolone levels in the BLA following CUS. Knockdown of 5α1/2 in the BLA mimicked the behavioral outcomes associated with CUS. Conversely, overexpression of 5α1/2 in the BLA improved behavioral outcomes following CUS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that chronic stress impairs endogenous neurosteroid signaling in the BLA, which is sufficient to induce behavioral deficits. Further, these studies suggest that allopregnanolone-based treatments may directly target the underlying pathophysiology of mood disorders suggesting that targeting endogenous neurosteroidogenesis may offer a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najah L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pantelis Antonoudiou
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lea Barros
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Building Diversity in Biomedical Sciences Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, New York
| | - Tauryn Dargan
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa DiLeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aidan Evans-Strong
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenah Gabby
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Building Diversity in Biomedical Sciences Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha Howard
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rumzah Paracha
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edgardo J Sánchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Building Diversity in Biomedical Sciences Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey, Puerto Rico
| | - Grant L Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dong Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie L Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Fraile E, Gagnepain P, Eustache F, Groussard M, Platel H. Musical experience prior to traumatic exposure as a resilience factor: a conceptual analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1220489. [PMID: 37599747 PMCID: PMC10436084 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1220489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience mechanisms can be dynamically triggered throughout the lifecourse by resilience factors in order to prevent individuals from developing stress-related pathologies such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some interventional studies have suggested that listening to music and musical practice after experiencing a traumatic event decrease the intensity of PTSD, but surprisingly, no study to our knowledge has explored musical experience as a potential resilience factor before the potential occurrence of a traumatic event. In the present conceptual analysis, we sought to summarize what is known about the concept of resilience and how musical experience could trigger two key mechanisms altered in PTSD: emotion regulation and cognitive control. Our hypothesis is that the stimulation of these two mechanisms by musical experience during the pre-traumatic period could help protect against the symptoms of emotional dysregulation and intrusions present in PTSD. We then developed a new framework to guide future research aimed at isolating and investigating the protective role of musical experience regarding the development of PTSD in response to trauma. The clinical application of this type of research could be to develop pre-trauma training that promotes emotional regulation and cognitive control, aimed at populations at risk of developing PTSD such as healthcare workers, police officers, and military staffs.
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Laplaud N, Perrochon A, Gallou-Guyot M, Moens M, Goudman L, David R, Rigoard P, Billot M. Management of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms by yoga: an overview. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37480017 PMCID: PMC10360332 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after trauma. While PTSD management strategies include first-line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, mind-body therapies, such as yoga, are applied in the PTSD population. This overview aimed to summarize the effectiveness of yoga interventions on PTSD symptoms in adults in a systematic review (SR) including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD We searched for SR with or without meta-analysis of RCTs involving adults with PTSD diagnosis or trauma history. The search was conducted until April 2022, through six databases (Cochrane Database, MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Embase, CINHAL and PEDro). The primary outcome was the evolution of PTSD symptoms throughout the intervention. Secondary outcomes included follow-up, safety, adherence, and cost of the intervention. Two authors independently performed the selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment with the AMSTAR 2 tool and overlap calculation. This overview is a qualitative summary of the results obtained in the selected studies. RESULTS Eleven SRs were analyzed, of which 8 included meta-analyses. The overlap between studies was considered very high (corrected covered area of 21%). Fifty-nine RCTs involving 4434 participants were included. Yoga had a significant small-to-moderate effect-size on PTSD symptom decrease in 7 SRs and non-significant effects in 1 SR with meta-analysis. All SR without meta-analysis found beneficial effects of yoga on PTSD. Secondary outcomes were not sufficiently assessed to provide clear evidence. Results should be interpreted with caution as 1 SR was rated as at moderate risk of bias, 3 as low and 7 as critically low. CONCLUSIONS While yoga therapy seems promising for decreasing PTSD symptoms, future research should standardize yoga therapy duration/frequency/type and consider long-term efficacy to better delineate yoga therapy efficacy in PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Laplaud
- ILFOMER (Institut Limousin de FOrmation Aux Métiers de La Réadaptation), Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anaïck Perrochon
- ILFOMER (Institut Limousin de FOrmation Aux Métiers de La Réadaptation), Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
- Laboratoire HAVAE, Université de Limoges, 20217, Limoges, UR, France
| | | | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- STIMULUS Research Consortium (Research and TeachIng Neuromodulation Uz Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- STIMULUS Research Consortium (Research and TeachIng Neuromodulation Uz Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain David
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France
- PRISMATICS (Predictive Research In Spine/Neurostimulation Management And Thoracic Innovation in Cardiac Surgery), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Rigoard
- PRISMATICS (Predictive Research In Spine/Neurostimulation Management And Thoracic Innovation in Cardiac Surgery), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Spine Neurosurgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000, Poitiers, France
- ISAE-ENSMA, Pprime Institute UPR 3346, CNRS, University of Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Maxime Billot
- PRISMATICS (Predictive Research In Spine/Neurostimulation Management And Thoracic Innovation in Cardiac Surgery), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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Tinajero-Chávez LI, Mora-Romo JF, Bravo-Doddoli A, Cruz-Narciso BV, Calleja N, Toledano-Toledano F. Design, Development, and Validation of the Self-Perceived Health Scale (SPHS). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2007. [PMID: 37510448 PMCID: PMC10379989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Health is a multidimensional concept with notable psychological factors, such as self-perceived health (SPH). SPH is defined as the subjective assessment of individual health status, and it integrates information related to both physical and psychological aspects, such as lifestyle. This study describes the development of the Self-Perceived Health Scale (SPHS), and its validation in a Mexican sample (n = 600). Exploratory factor analysis (n = 303) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 293) were carried out, and they supported the three-dimensionality of the SPH construct: physical health, psychological health, and healthy lifestyle. A final 12-item scale was obtained, and the scale showed adequate validity and reliability, as well as measurement invariance between sexes, indicating its robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ishel Tinajero-Chávez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Fernando Mora-Romo
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Andrea Bravo-Doddoli
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Nazira Calleja
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Filiberto Toledano-Toledano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud, Márquez 162, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Salud, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación y Diseminación del Conocimiento, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Innovación para la Formación de Comunidad Científica, INDEHUS, Periférico Sur 4860, Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
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Begega A, Jove CI, López M, Moreno RD. Impact of environmental enrichment on the GABAergic neurons and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens of Wistar rats: pro-resilient effects. Brain Res Bull 2023; 200:110699. [PMID: 37406885 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model has been used to induce depressive-like symptoms in animal models. Our work aims to evaluate the impact of environmental enrichment on male Wistar rats in an animal model for depression. For this purpose, we aim to assess changes in GR and GABAergic (PV+) density in cerebral regions related to cognitive-affective processes associated with depressive disorder, such as the dorsal- ventral hippocampus and accumbens nuclei. Three groups of rats were used: UCMs (unpredictable chronic mild stress), EE+ UCMs (enrichment + stress) and CONT (behavioral tests only). Hedonic responses elicited by sucrose solution were examined by licking behavior analysis; the anxiety level was evaluated using the elevated zero maze and the forced swimming (passive coping) tests. The environmental enrichment reduced the effects of chronic stress, promoting greater resilience. Thus, the UCMs group showed an anhedonia response, more anxiety and immobility behavior than either the control or the EE+ UCMs groups. Regarding immunochemistry results, there was a reduction in GABAergic activity coupled with increased activation of GR in UCMs in the dorsal hippocampus, but there were no differences between groups in the ventral hippocampus. These results suggest environmental enrichment could enhance greater resilience, reducing the vulnerability of the subjects to develop disorders such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Begega
- Laboratory of Neuroscience. Faculty of Psychology. Plaza Feijoo s/n Oviedo, 33003. Principado de Asturias, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience of Principado Asturias, INEUROPA. Plaza Feijoo s/n Oviedo, 33003. Principado de Asturias, Spain.
| | - Claudia I Jove
- Laboratory of Neuroscience. Faculty of Psychology. Plaza Feijoo s/n Oviedo, 33003. Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Matías López
- Institute of Neuroscience of Principado Asturias, INEUROPA. Plaza Feijoo s/n Oviedo, 33003. Principado de Asturias, Spain; Basic Psychology Area. Faculty of Psychology. Plaza Feijoo s/n Oviedo, 33003. Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Román-Darío Moreno
- Faculty of Education and Psychology. University Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223. Madrid, Spain
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Wijenayake S, Martz J, Lapp HE, Storm JA, Champagne FA, Kentner AC. The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense! Horm Behav 2023; 153:105375. [PMID: 37269591 PMCID: PMC10351876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis describes how maternal stress exposures experienced during critical periods of perinatal life are linked to altered developmental trajectories in offspring. Perinatal stress also induces changes in lactogenesis, milk volume, maternal care, and the nutritive and non-nutritive components of milk, affecting short and long-term developmental outcomes in offspring. For instance, selective early life stressors shape the contents of milk, including macro/micronutrients, immune components, microbiota, enzymes, hormones, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, and milk microRNAs. In this review, we highlight the contributions of parental lactation to offspring development by examining changes in the composition of breast milk in response to three well-characterized maternal stressors: nutritive stress, immune stress, and psychological stress. We discuss recent findings in human, animal, and in vitro models, their clinical relevance, study limitations, and potential therapeutic significance to improving human health and infant survival. We also discuss the benefits of enrichment methods and support tools that can be used to improve milk quality and volume as well as related developmental outcomes in offspring. Lastly, we use evidence-based primary literature to convey that even though select maternal stressors may modulate lactation biology (by influencing milk composition) depending on the severity and length of exposure, exclusive and/or prolonged milk feeding may attenuate the negative in utero effects of early life stressors and promote healthy developmental trajectories. Overall, scientific evidence supports lactation to be protective against nutritive and immune stressors, but the benefits of lactation in response to psychological stressors need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Deparment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasmyne A Storm
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fecteau SM, Trudel M, Champagne N, Picard F. Are all parental experiences equal?: Cluster analysis of salivary cortisol and perception of parental stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 139:104550. [PMID: 37327575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report high stress levels related to their parenting role. The experience of stress is reflected in physical symptoms and well-being, as observed by abnormal patterns of cortisol regulation. However, it may be a mistake to conceive parenthood as unilaterally stressful as diverse experiences are possible. Mothers of children with ASD provided salivary cortisol samples and self-rated parental stress. The area under the curve with respect to ground was calculated in regard to three daily collection time points. As a group, mothers reported average levels of parenting stress and flat daily cortisol output. The current age of the child and age at the time of diagnosis moderately predicted overall daily cortisol. Hierarchical clusters analysis identified four distinct profiles of stress regulation based on daily cortisol regulation and perception of parental stress. Groups did not differ based on the severity of symptoms related to autism or demographic information. We suggest that other variables, such as stress mediators and secondary stressors, may explain variability in stress regulation. Future research and intervention should perceive the parental experience as heterogeneous and focus on individualizing the support offered in light of diverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie-M Fecteau
- Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada.
| | - Marcel Trudel
- Département de psychoéducation, Faculté d'éducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Noël Champagne
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Canada
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Weber S, Bühler J, Vanini G, Loukas S, Bruckmaier R, Aybek S. Identification of biopsychological trait markers in functional neurological disorders. Brain 2023; 146:2627-2641. [PMID: 36417451 PMCID: PMC10232283 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a well-known risk factor to develop a functional neurological disorder, a frequent neuropsychiatric medical condition in which patients experience a variety of disabling neurological symptoms. Only little is known about biological stress regulation, and how it interacts with predisposing biological and psychosocial risk factors. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with functional neurological disorders has been postulated, but its relationship to preceding psychological trauma and brain anatomical changes remains to be elucidated. We set out to study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis analysing the cortisol awakening response and diurnal baseline cortisol in 86 patients with mixed functional neurological symptoms compared to 76 healthy controls. We then examined the association between cortisol regulation and the severity and duration of traumatic life events. Finally, we analysed volumetric brain alterations in brain regions particularly sensitive to psychosocial stress, acting on the assumption of the neurotoxic effect of prolonged cortisol exposure. Overall, patients had a significantly flatter cortisol awakening response (P < 0.001) and reported longer (P = 0.01) and more severe (P < 0.001) emotional neglect as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, volumes of the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus were found to be reduced in patients. Using a partial least squares correlation, we found that in patients, emotional neglect plays a role in the multivariate pattern between trauma history and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, while cortisol did not relate to reduced brain volumes. This suggests that psychological stress acts as a precipitating psychosocial risk factor, whereas a reduced brain volume rather represents a biological predisposing trait marker for the disorder. Contrarily, an inverse relationship between brain volume and cortisol was found in healthy controls, representing a potential neurotoxic effect of cortisol. These findings support the theory of reduced subcortical volumes representing a predisposing trait factor in functional neurological disorders, rather than a state effect of the illness. In summary, this study supports a stress-diathesis model for functional neurological disorders and showed an association between different attributes of trauma history and abnormalities in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Moreover, we suggest that reduced hippocampal and amygdalar volumes represent a biological 'trait marker' for functional neurological disorder patients, which might contribute to a reduced resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Weber
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janine Bühler
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Vanini
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serafeim Loukas
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aybek
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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93
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Sharma G, Rahmatkar SN, Rana AK, Sharma P, Patial V, Singh D, Roy Chowdhury S. Preclinical Validation of Electrodes for Single Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Rat Model With Chronic Stress-Induced Depression. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023; 23:12133-12145. [DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3266235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand Campus, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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94
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Maara J, Cirillo C, Angeles G, Prencipe L, deMilliano M, Lima SM, Palermo T. Impacts of cash transfer and "cash plus" programs on self- perceived stress in Africa: Evidence from Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101403. [PMID: 37168249 PMCID: PMC10165453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poverty and poor mental health are closely linked. Cash transfers have significantly expanded globally. Given their objectives around poverty reduction and improving food security, a major chronic stressor in Africa, cash transfers may affect mental health outcomes. We examine impacts of three large-scale government cash transfer or cash plus programs in Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania on self-perceived stress using an innovative, newly adapted measure for rural African settings. Linear regression models were used to estimate treatment impacts. We find that cash transfers reduced self-perceived stress in Malawi, but programs in Ghana and Tanzania had no impacts on self-perceived stress. These mixed findings, combined with recent reviews on cash transfers and mental health, suggest that cash transfers may play a role in improving mental health. However, cash alone may not be sufficient to overcome many challenges related to poverty, and complementary programming may also be needed to improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maara
- Department of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Gustavo Angeles
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Leah Prencipe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah M. Lima
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
| | - Tia Palermo
- Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
- Corresponding author.
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95
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Davis J, Taira DA, Lim E, Chen J. Socialization, Relaxation, and Leisure across the Day by Social Determinants of Health: Results from the American Time Use Survey, 2014-2016. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1581. [PMID: 37297721 PMCID: PMC10253115 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) to examine socialization, relaxation, and leisure activities throughout the day as related to social determinants of health (SDOH). The study population was adults aged 25 years and older who participated in the ATUS in 2014-2016, the most recent years for collecting SDOH. Descriptive analyses provide characteristics of the study population. Graphical analyses display socialization by SDOH across the hours of the day based on adjusted regression models. Quasi-binomial models analyzed the association between the numbers of minutes of various activities and SDOH. Associations between SDOH and sleeplessness (yes or no) were explored using logistic regression. For much of the day, being female, having less education, living in poverty, and having food insecurity were associated with more time socializing and relaxing. The major activities under socializing and relaxation are watching television and movies. Having a college degree was strongly associated with increased minutes of sports activity, whereas living in poverty and food insecurity were associated with fewer minutes. Less education, living in poverty, and having food insecurity were associated with sleeplessness. A possible mechanism of the effects of SODH on health is by its altering of the patterns of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Davis
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (E.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Deborah A. Taira
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, 722 South Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (E.L.); (J.C.)
| | - John Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (E.L.); (J.C.)
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96
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Craig F, Servidio R, Calomino ML, Candreva F, Nardi L, Palermo A, Polito A, Spina MF, Tenuta F, Costabile A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health among Students Seeking Psychological Counseling Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105906. [PMID: 37239632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked rise in the number of students accessing University Psychological Counseling (UPC) services, and their concerns have been increasingly severe. This study aimed to examine the impact of cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health in students who had approached counseling services (N = 121) and students who had no experience with counseling services (N = 255). Participants completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire measuring exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE-Q), psychological distress (General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), personality traits (PID-5), and coping strategies. We found that students who approached UPC services scored higher on cumulative ACEs than the non-counseling group. While ACE-Q score was a direct positive predictor of PHQ-9 (p < 0.001), it did not predict GAD-7. Moreover, the results supported the existence of a mediation effect of avoidance coping, detachment, and psychoticism on the indirect effects of ACE-Q score on PHQ-9 or GAD-7. These results underlined the importance of screening for ACEs in a UPC setting because it can help identify students at higher risk for developing mental and physical health problems and provide them with early interventions and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Craig
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Candreva
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Nardi
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Adriana Palermo
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Polito
- Psychological Counseling Services, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Flaviana Tenuta
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society (DICES), University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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97
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Popova LT, Abuzaitoun RO, Fresco DM, Abalem MF, Andrews CA, Musch DC, Ehrlich JR, Jayasundera KT. Positive feedback loop between vision-related anxiety and self-reported visual difficulty. Ophthalmic Genet 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37140038 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2208211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases typically experience progressive, irreversible vision loss resulting in low vision and blindness. As a result, these patients are at high risk for vision-related disability and psychological distress, including depression and anxiety. Historically, the relationship between self-reported visual difficulty (encompassing metrics of vision-related disability and quality of life, among others) and vision-related anxiety has been regarded as an association and not a causal relationship. As a result, there are limited interventions available that address vision-related anxiety and the psychological and behavioral components of self-reported visual difficulty. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied the Bradford Hill criteria to evaluate the case for a bidirectional causal relationship between vision-related anxiety and self-reported visual difficulty. RESULTS There is sufficient evidence to satisfy all nine of the Bradford Hill criteria of causality (strength of association, consistency, biological gradient, temporality, experimental evidence, analogy, specificity, plausibility, and coherence) for the relationship between vision-related anxiety and self-reported visual difficulty. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that there is a direct positive feedback loop-a bidirectional causal relationship-between vision-related anxiety and self-reported visual difficulty. More longitudinal research on the relationship between objectively-measured vision impairment, self-reported visual difficulty, and vision-related psychological distress is needed. Additionally, more investigation of potential interventions for vision-related anxiety and visual difficulty is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia T Popova
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebhi O Abuzaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Abalem
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chris A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David C Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua R Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - K Thiran Jayasundera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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98
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Helpman L. On the Stress of Being a Woman: The synergistic contribution of sex as a biological variable and gender as a psychosocial one to risk of stress-related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105211. [PMID: 37141960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related disorders (SRD) disproportionately affect women. Cortisol blunting, a failure to demonstrate a typical rise and fall of cortisol in response to stress, is associated with SRDs and has been found to be more pronounced among women. Cortisol blunting relates to both sex as a biological variable (SABV; e.g., estrogens and their fluctuations, impact on neural circuits) and gender as a psychosocial variable (GAPSV; e.g., discrimination, harassment, gender roles). I suggest a theoretical model linking experience, sex- and gender-related factors, and neuroendocrine substrates of SRD to the heightened risk among women. The model thus bridges multiple gaps in the literature to create a synergistic conceptual framework with which to understand the stress of being a woman. Utilizing such a framework in research may allow identifying targeted, sex-and gender-dependent risk factors, informing psychological treatment, medical advice, educational and community programming, and policy. DATA AVAILABILITY: All references are cited as required, no other data is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Helpman
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa.
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99
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Braveman P. Preventing Maternal Mortality. Med Care 2023; 61:255-257. [PMID: 36929776 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Braveman
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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100
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Bottaccioli A, Mariani U, Schiralli R, Mari M, Pontani M, Bologna M, Muzi P, Giannoni S, Ciummo V, Necozione S, Cofini V, Chiariotti L, Cuomo M, Costabile D, Bottaccioli F. Empathy at school project: Effects of didactics of emotions® on emotional competence, cortisol secretion and inflammatory profile in primary school children. A controlled longitudinal psychobiological study. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 14:100183. [PMID: 37020722 PMCID: PMC10068011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is mounting evidence of the presence of chronic stress among children during primary school: girls and boys under the age of 15 years often experience anxiety, irritability and sleeping problems with negative consequences on scholastic climate and the spread of bullying and dropping out of school. The promotion of emotion regulation within school environment through innovative didactic methodologies represents a valuable tool for teachers and parents to reduce emotional distress and associated risk behaviours and to promote wellbeing. Aim Our research aims to explore the psychological and biological consequences of teaching emotional training in an experimental group of Italian Primary School children. Methods A sample of pupils (81 children aged between 6 and 8) was divided into an experimental group (33 subjects) and a control group (30 subjects). A further advanced group of 18 subjects, who have experienced the method in the previous school year, was also included. The experimental study lasted one school year (from October 2021 to May 2022). The following psychological tests were administered to all groups: TEC (Test of Emotion Comprehension) to measure the children's different emotional abilities and the Projective test (PT) 'A person in the rain', to identify the coping skills of children in a stressful condition. Morning salivary cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-alpha assays were conducted in all three groups. Psychological and biological tests were administered at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study. Results The MR-Anova model for TEC score showed that there was not a significant group effect [Fgroup = 2.24, p = 0.114]. Pairwise comparisons showed that mean score significantly increased only in the Experimental group (pB < 0.001) and at the end of the project there was a significant difference between Experimental group and Control group (pB = 0.012). The mean score of PT test increased significantly from baseline to the end of the project for the Experimental group (pB < 0.001) and for the Advanced group (pB = 0.004). At the end of the project, there were significant differences between the Experimental group and the Control group (pB = 0.004) and between the Advanced group and the Control group (pB < 0.001). Salivary cortisol analysis revealed a significant effect between subjects [Fgroup = 9.66; p < 0.001] and significant effects within subjects with the main effect of the time [Ftime = 35.41; p < 0.001] and the significant interaction "time x group" [Ftimexgroup = 3.38; p = 0.040]. Pairwise comparisons showed that cortisol levels decreased significantly over time only in the Experimental group (pB < 0.001). Regarding to IL-6 levels, there was not a significant effect between subjects [Fgroups = 0.0481; p = 0.953]. The mean level decreased significantly for each group from baseline to post project (pB < 0.001). With respect to TNF-alpha levels, the mean levels decreased over time for all groups (pB = 0.006 for Experimental group; pB < 0.001 either for the Advanced or Control group). Conclusion the results documented in the experimental groups who experienced didactics of emotion for at least one school year show a significant increase in children's ability to cope with reality, stress and anxiety, and an improvement of their emotional competence. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in the amount of salivary cortisol was observed in the experimental group at the end of the scholastic year; meantime a stable reduced amount of salivary cortisol in advanced group throughout the project was also observed. These findings show that an intervention through an emotional education program is able to regulate interpersonal skills and the stress axis response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Bottaccioli
- Società Italiana di Psiconeuroendocrinoimmunologia (SIPNEI), Rome, Italy
- “Vita e Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan – Faculty of Psychology, Italy
- Corresponding author. Società Italiana di Psiconeuroendocrinoimmunologia (SIPNEI), Rome, Italy.
| | - U. Mariani
- Emotional Training Center, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - M.G. Mari
- Emotional Training Center, Viterbo, Italy
| | - M. Pontani
- Emotional Training Center, Viterbo, Italy
| | - M. Bologna
- Società Italiana di Psiconeuroendocrinoimmunologia (SIPNEI), Rome, Italy
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
| | - P. Muzi
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
| | - S.D. Giannoni
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
| | - V. Ciummo
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
| | - S. Necozione
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
| | - V. Cofini
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
| | - L. Chiariotti
- Federico II University of Naples – Department of Medical Biotechnology, and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - M. Cuomo
- Federico II University of Naples – Department of Medical Biotechnology, and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - D. Costabile
- Federico II University of Naples – Department of Medical Biotechnology, and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - F. Bottaccioli
- Società Italiana di Psiconeuroendocrinoimmunologia (SIPNEI), Rome, Italy
- L'Aquila University- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Italy
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