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The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnant Women: An Observational Cohort Study Using the BIFAP Database. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122429. [PMID: 36553953 PMCID: PMC9777798 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that women experiencing during pregnancy several physiological and immunological changes that might increase the risk of any infection including the SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy compared with women with no pregnancies. METHODS We used data from the BIFAP database and a published algorithm to identify all pregnancies during 2020. Pregnancies were matched (1:4) by age region, and length of pregnancy with a cohort of women of childbearing age. All women with SARS-CoV-2 infection before entering the study were discarded. We estimated incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) expressed by 1000 person-months as well as Kaplan-Meier figures overall and also stratified according to pregnancy period: during pregnancy, at puerperium (from end of pregnancy up to 42 days) and after pregnancy. (from 43 days after pregnancy up to end pf study period (i.e., June 2021). We conducted a Cox regression to assess risk factors for SARS-COV infection. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection expressed by 1000 person-months were. RESULTS There was a total of 103,185 pregnancies and 412,740 matched women at childbearing, with a mean age of 32.3 years. The corresponding incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to cohorts were: 2.44 cases per 1000 person-months (confidence interval (CI) 95%: 2.40-2.50) and 4.29 (95% CI: 4.15-4.43) for comparison cohort. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of SARS-CoV-2 was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.69-1.83). When analyzing according to pregnancy period, the IRRs were 1.30 (95% CI: 11.20-1.41) during the puerperium and 1.19 (95% CI: 41.15-1.23) after pregnancy. In addition to pregnancy itself, other important risk factors were obesity (1.33 (95% CI: 1.23-1.44)) and diabetes (1.23 (95% CI: 11.00-1.50). CONCLUSION Pregnant women are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with women of childbearing age not pregnant. Nevertheless, there is a trend towards reverting during puerperium and after pregnancy.
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Luisa Vissat L, Horvitz N, Phillips RV, Miao Z, Mgbara W, You Y, Salter R, Hubbard AE, Getz WM. A comparison of COVID-19 outbreaks across US Combined Statistical Areas using new methods for estimating R 0 and social distancing behaviour. Epidemics 2022; 41:100640. [PMID: 36274569 PMCID: PMC9550289 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the initial outbreak rates and subsequent social distancing behaviour over the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic across 29 Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) of the United States. We used the Numerus Model Builder Data and Simulation Analysis (NMB-DASA) web application to fit the exponential phase of a SCLAIV+D (Susceptible, Contact, Latent, Asymptomatic infectious, symptomatic Infectious, Vaccinated, Dead) disease classes model to outbreaks, thereby allowing us to obtain an estimate of the basic reproductive number R0 for each CSA. Values of R0 ranged from 1.9 to 9.4, with a mean and standard deviation of 4.5±1.8. Fixing the parameters from the exponential fit, we again used NMB-DASA to estimate a set of social distancing behaviour parameters to compute an epidemic flattening index cflatten. Finally, we applied hierarchical clustering methods using this index to divide CSA outbreaks into two clusters: those presenting a social distancing response that was either weaker or stronger. We found cflatten to be more influential in the clustering process than R0. Thus, our results suggest that the behavioural response after a short initial exponential growth phase is likely to be more determinative of the rise of an epidemic than R0 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Luisa Vissat
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nir Horvitz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Zhongqi Miao
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Whitney Mgbara
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yue You
- Division Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard Salter
- Computer Science Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, OH 44074, USA
| | - Alan E Hubbard
- Division Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wayne M Getz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Hansen C, Perofsky AC, Burstein R, Famulare M, Boyle S, Prentice R, Marshall C, McCormick BJJ, Reinhart D, Capodanno B, Truong M, Schwabe-Fry K, Kuchta K, Pfau B, Acker Z, Lee J, Sibley TR, McDermot E, Rodriguez-Salas L, Stone J, Gamboa L, Han PD, Duchin JS, Waghmare A, Englund JA, Shendure J, Bedford T, Chu HY, Starita LM, Viboud C. Trends in Risk Factors and Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus Test Positivity in King County, Washington, June 2020 to July 2022. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2245861. [PMID: 36484987 PMCID: PMC9856230 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Few US studies have reexamined risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the context of widespread vaccination and new variants or considered risk factors for cocirculating endemic viruses, such as rhinovirus. OBJECTIVES To evaluate how risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity changed over the course of the pandemic and to compare these with the risk factors associated with rhinovirus test positivity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study used a test-negative design with multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus test positivity and self-reported demographic and symptom variables over a 25-month period. The study was conducted among symptomatic individuals of all ages enrolled in a cross-sectional community surveillance study in King County, Washington, from June 2020 to July 2022. EXPOSURES Self-reported data for 15 demographic and health behavior variables and 16 symptoms. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 or rhinovirus infection. RESULTS Analyses included data from 23 498 individuals. The median (IQR) age of participants was 34.33 (22.42-45.08) years, 13 878 (59.06%) were female, 4018 (17.10%) identified as Asian, 654 (2.78%) identified as Black, and 2193 (9.33%) identified as Hispanic. Close contact with an individual with SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.89; 95% CI, 3.34-4.57) and loss of smell or taste (aOR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.77-4.41) were the variables most associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity, but both attenuated during the Omicron period. Contact with a vaccinated individual with SARS-CoV-2 (aOR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.56-2.79) was associated with lower odds of testing positive than contact with an unvaccinated individual with SARS-CoV-2 (aOR, 4.04; 95% CI, 2.39-7.23). Sore throat was associated with Omicron infection (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.68-3.20) but not Delta infection. Vaccine effectiveness for participants fully vaccinated with a booster dose was 93% (95% CI, 73%-100%) for Delta, but not significant for Omicron. Variables associated with rhinovirus test positivity included being younger than 12 years (aOR, 3.92; 95% CI, 3.42-4.51) and experiencing a runny or stuffy nose (aOR, 4.58; 95% CI, 4.07-5.21). Black race, residing in south King County, and households with 5 or more people were significantly associated with both SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus test positivity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case-control study of 23 498 symptomatic individuals, estimated risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection changed over time. There was a shift in reported symptoms between the Delta and Omicron variants as well as reductions in the protection provided by vaccines. Racial and sociodemographic disparities persisted in the third year of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and were also present in rhinovirus infection. Trends in testing behavior and availability may influence these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hansen
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amanda C. Perofsky
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roy Burstein
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Famulare
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shanda Boyle
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robin Prentice
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - David Reinhart
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ben Capodanno
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Melissa Truong
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Kayla Kuchta
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Brian Pfau
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Zack Acker
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jover Lee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas R. Sibley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Evan McDermot
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Jeremy Stone
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Luis Gamboa
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Peter D. Han
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jeffery S. Duchin
- Public Health Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Alpana Waghmare
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Baba H, Ikumi S, Aoyama S, Ishikawa T, Asai Y, Matsunaga N, Ohmagari N, Kanamori H, Tokuda K, Ueda T, Kawakami E. Statistical Analysis of Mortality Rates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Japan Across the 4C Mortality Score Risk Groups, Age Groups, and Epidemiological Waves: A Report From the Nationwide COVID-19 Cohort. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 10:ofac638. [PMID: 36686635 PMCID: PMC9846187 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been changed across the epidemiological waves. The aim was to investigate the differences in mortality rates of COVID-19 patients in Japan across the 6 epidemiological waves stratified by age group and Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (4C) mortality score risk group. Methods A total of 56 986 COVID-19 patients in the COVID-19 Registry Japan from 2 March 2020 to 1 February 2022 were enrolled. These patients were categorized into 4 risk groups based on their 4C mortality score. Mortality rates of each risk group were calculated separately for different age groups: 18-64, 65-74, 75-89, and ≥90 years. In addition, mortality rates across the wave periods were calculated separately in 2 age groups: <75 and ≥75 years. All calculated mortality rates were compared with reported data from the United Kingdom (UK) during the early epidemic. Results The mortality rates of patients in Japan were significantly lower than in the UK across the board, with the exception of patients aged ≥90 years at very high risk. The mortality rates of patients aged ≥75 years at very high risk in the fourth and fifth wave periods showed no significant differences from those in the UK, whereas those in the sixth wave period were significantly lower in all age groups and in all risk groups. Conclusions The present analysis showed that COVID-19 patients had a lower mortality rate in the most recent sixth wave period, even among patients ≥75 years old at very high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Baba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saori Ikumi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shotaro Aoyama
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Yokohama, Japan,Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Imaging, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsunaga
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kanamori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichi Tokuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Ueda
- Correspondence: Takuya Ueda, Department of Clinical Imaging, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, AI Lab, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan ()
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Kwon RH, Jung M. Associations Between Conventional Healthy Behaviors and Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the 2020 Community Health Survey in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:568-577. [PMID: 36475322 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have shown that social distancing, as a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) that is one of the various measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an effective preventive measure to suppress the spread of infectious diseases. This study explored the relationships between traditional health-related behaviors in Korea and social distancing practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2020 Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (n=98 149). The dependent variable was the degree of social distancing practice to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic. Independent variables included health-risk behaviors and health-promoting behaviors. The moderators were vaccination and unmet medical needs. Predictors affecting the practice of social distancing were identified through hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.924) and frequent drinkers (aOR, 0.933) were more likely not to practice social distancing. A greater degree of physical activity was associated with a higher likelihood of practicing social distancing (aOR, 1.029). People who were vaccinated against influenza were more likely to practice social distancing than those who were not (aOR, 1.150). However, people with unmet medical needs were less likely to practice social distancing than those who did not experience unmet medical needs (aOR, 0.757). CONCLUSIONS Social distancing practices were related to traditional health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Their patterns showed a clustering effect of health inequality. Therefore, when establishing a strategy to strengthen social distancing, a strategy to protect the vulnerable should be considered concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rang Hee Kwon
- Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsoo Jung
- Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Gadegbeku AB, McCrea L. Using URiM Interprofessional Trainees to Expand the Reach of a COVID-19 Mobile Care Unit. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:S126. [PMID: 37838859 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette B Gadegbeku
- Author affiliations: A.B. Gadegbeku, L. McCrea II, Drexel University College of Medicine
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57
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Federal Food Assistance Program Participation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Participant Perspectives and Reasons for Discontinuing. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214524. [PMID: 36364785 PMCID: PMC9654117 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe reasons for discontinuing participation and experiences participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional online survey distributed to a national sample, restricted to (1) households that discontinued participating in SNAP (n = 146) or WIC (n = 149) during the pandemic and (2) households that participated in SNAP (n = 501) or WIC (n = 141) during spring 2021—approximately one year into the pandemic. We conducted thematic analyses of open-ended survey questions and descriptive statistics for Likert-scale items. Themes raised by respondents who discontinued participating in SNAP or WIC included difficulty recertifying and virus exposure concerns. Former WIC participants reported the program was not worth the effort and former SNAP participants reported failing to requalify. Respondents participating in WIC or SNAP during the pandemic mentioned transportation barriers and insufficient benefit value. WIC participants had trouble redeeming benefits in stores and SNAP participants desired improved online grocery purchasing experiences. These results suggest that enhancements to WIC and SNAP, such as expanded online purchasing options, program flexibilities, and benefit increases, can improve program participation to ensure access to critical nutrition supports, especially during emergencies.
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Gutierrez-Martinez L, Karten J, Kritzer MD, Josephy-Hernandez S, Kim D, Newhouse A, Pasinski M, Praschan N, Razafsha M, Rubin DB, Sonni A, Fricchione G, Rosand MPHJ, Chemali Z. Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Descriptive Clinical Study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 34:393-405. [PMID: 35686346 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21070193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The investigators aimed to describe the clinical experience of a single center reporting on neuropsychiatric findings among patients experiencing persistent symptoms as part of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively (between February 2020 and May 2021) from a cohort (N=100) within a COVID-19 survivors study of patients with persistent symptoms enrolled after a short inpatient stay or who had been outpatients never hospitalized. Patients without confirmatory positive PCR or antibody diagnostic test results were grouped separately as presumptive cases (N=13). RESULTS Of the 87 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2, 63 (72.4%) were female, and 65 (74.7%) were White. The mean age was 49.2 years (SD=14.9). The most prevalent symptoms after COVID-19 infection were fatigue, "brain fog," headache, anxiety, and sleep issues. Attention and executive function were frequently impaired. The mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 26.0 (SD=2.8). Concentration and attention as well as memory issues were both significantly correlated with the complaint of brain fog. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 vary in frequency and duration with relation to premorbid history and that these conditions affect functional domains and patients' ability to return to work. Longitudinal research with larger cohorts is needed to characterize PASC and to optimize care, especially for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidys Gutierrez-Martinez
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jordan Karten
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Michael D Kritzer
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sylvia Josephy-Hernandez
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - David Kim
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Amy Newhouse
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Marie Pasinski
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nathan Praschan
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Mahdi Razafsha
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Daniel B Rubin
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Akshata Sonni
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Gregory Fricchione
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - M P H Jonathan Rosand
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Zeina Chemali
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health (Gutierrez-Martinez, Karten, Newhouse, Pasinski, Rubin, Sonni, Fricchione, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychiatry (Kritzer, Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Newhouse, Praschan, Razafsha, Fricchione, Chemali); Department of Neurology (Josephy-Hernandez, Kim, Pasinski, Rubin, Rosand, Chemali); Department of Medicine (Newhouse); and Benson-Henry Mind-Body Institute (Fricchione), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Amoo OS, Tijani B, Onuigbo TI, Oraegbu JI, Kareithi DN, Obi JC, Adeniji ET, Dosunmu AA, Karera S, Filani T, Akinreni T, Ezike E, Owoseni K, Audu RA, Salako BL. Factors Affecting COVID-19 Testing Behaviours Among the Population in South Western Nigeria. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604993. [PMID: 36275434 PMCID: PMC9582156 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting testing behaviours amongst the population in Ondo and Lagos States. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 704 individuals who were considered eligible for COVID-19 testing in 4 local governments in Lagos (307) and Ondo (397) states in Nigeria, was conducted from April-June 2021. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling. A close-ended questionnaire was administered using a digital survey platform known as SurveyCTO. Data were analyzed using R 4.1.0. Results: In Lagos state, 52.4% were females, 47.2% were males while in Ondo, 55.2% were females, 44.6% were male. Chi-square tests of association revealed that socio demographic factors significantly associated with testing patterns was education level in Lagos, and none in Ondo. Testing behavior associated with testing patterns included awareness of nearby COVID-19 testing centers, internet access, knowledge of preexisting conditions and having another member of the family testing positive at 5% significance level. Conclusion: Knowledge of pre-existing conditions, knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, and knowing where to go when having symptoms were significantly associated with testing and willingness to test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tochukwu Ifeanyi Onuigbo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Lagos, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Tochukwu Ifeanyi Onuigbo,
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Searles M, Wong R. Food Insecurity and COVID-19 Diagnosis: Findings from a National United States Sample. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2128961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Searles
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Roger Wong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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61
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Santa-Ramírez HA, Wisniak A, Pullen N, Zaballa ME, Pennacchio F, Lorthe E, Dumont R, Baysson H, Guessous I, Stringhini S. Socio-economic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results from a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Geneva, Switzerland. Front Public Health 2022; 10:874252. [PMID: 36211707 PMCID: PMC9545483 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection and its health consequences have disproportionally affected disadvantaged socio-economic groups globally. This study aimed to analyze the association between socio-economic conditions and having developed antibodies for-SARS-CoV-2 in a population-based sample in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods Data was obtained from a population-based serosurvey of adults in Geneva and their household members, between November and December, 2020, toward the end of the second pandemic wave in the canton. Participants were tested for antibodies for-SARS-CoV-2. Socio-economic conditions representing different dimensions were self-reported. Mixed effects logistic regressions were conducted for each predictor to test its association with seropositive status as the main outcome. Results Two thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine adults completed the study questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. Retired participants and those living in suburban areas had lower odds of a seropositive result when compared to employed participants (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20-0.87) and those living in urban areas (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.97), respectively. People facing financial hardship for less than a year had higher odds of a seropositive result compared to those who had never faced them (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.01-4.95). Educational level, occupational position, and household income were not associated with being seropositive, nor were ethnicity or country of birth. Discussion While conventional measures of socio-economic position did not seem to be related to the risk of being infected in this sample, this study sheds lights on the importance of examining the broader social determinants of health when evaluating the differential impact of the pandemic within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ania Wisniak
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nick Pullen
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María-Eugenia Zaballa
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roxane Dumont
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Silvia Stringhini
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Jolliffe DA, Faustini SE, Holt H, Perdek N, Maltby S, Talaei M, Greenig M, Vivaldi G, Tydeman F, Symons J, Davies GA, Lyons RA, Griffiths CJ, Kee F, Sheikh A, Shaheen SO, Richter AG, Martineau AR. Determinants of Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Population-Based Longitudinal Study (COVIDENCE UK). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1601. [PMID: 36298466 PMCID: PMC9610049 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines vary for reasons that remain poorly understood. A range of sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical, pharmacologic and nutritional factors could explain these differences. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested for presence of combined IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) anti-Spike antibodies before and after 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ChAdOx1, AstraZeneca) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) in UK adults participating in a population-based longitudinal study who received their first dose of vaccine between December 2020 and July 2021. Information on sixty-six potential sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical, pharmacologic and nutritional determinants of serological response to vaccination was captured using serial online questionnaires. We used logistic regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations between independent variables and risk of seronegativity following two vaccine doses. Additionally, percentage differences in antibody titres between groups were estimated in the sub-set of participants who were seropositive post-vaccination using linear regression. Anti-spike antibodies were undetectable in 378/9101 (4.2%) participants at a median of 8.6 weeks post second vaccine dose. Increased risk of post-vaccination seronegativity associated with administration of ChAdOx1 vs. BNT162b2 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.6, 95% CI 4.2−10.4), shorter interval between vaccine doses (aOR 1.6, 1.2−2.1, 6−10 vs. >10 weeks), poor vs. excellent general health (aOR 3.1, 1.4−7.0), immunodeficiency (aOR 6.5, 2.5−16.6) and immunosuppressant use (aOR 3.7, 2.4−5.7). Odds of seronegativity were lower for participants who were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive pre-vaccination (aOR 0.2, 0.0−0.6) and for those taking vitamin D supplements (aOR 0.7, 0.5−0.9). Serologic responses to vaccination did not associate with time of day of vaccine administration, lifestyle factors including tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and sleep, or use of anti-pyretics for management of reactive symptoms after vaccination. In a sub-set of 8727 individuals who were seropositive post-vaccination, lower antibody titres associated with administration of ChAdOx1 vs. BNT162b2 (43.4% lower, 41.8−44.8), longer duration between second vaccine dose and sampling (12.7% lower, 8.2−16.9, for 9−16 weeks vs. 2−4 weeks), shorter interval between vaccine doses (10.4% lower, 3.7−16.7, for <6 weeks vs. >10 weeks), receiving a second vaccine dose in October−December vs. April−June (47.7% lower, 11.4−69.1), older age (3.3% lower per 10-year increase in age, 2.1−4.6), and hypertension (4.1% lower, 1.1−6.9). Higher antibody titres associated with South Asian ethnicity (16.2% higher, 3.0−31.1, vs. White ethnicity) or Mixed/Multiple/Other ethnicity (11.8% higher, 2.9−21.6, vs. White ethnicity), higher body mass index (BMI; 2.9% higher, 0.2−5.7, for BMI 25−30 vs. <25 kg/m2) and pre-vaccination seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 (105.1% higher, 94.1−116.6, for those seropositive and experienced COVID-19 symptoms vs. those who were seronegative pre-vaccination). In conclusion, we identify multiple determinants of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, many of which are modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Jolliffe
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sian E. Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hayley Holt
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Natalia Perdek
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sheena Maltby
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Matthew Greenig
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giulia Vivaldi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Florence Tydeman
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Gwyneth A. Davies
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ronan A. Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Christopher J. Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health Research (NI), Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Seif O. Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Alex G. Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
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d'Albis H, Etner J, Thuilliez J. Vaccination under pessimistic expectations in clinical trials and immunization campaigns. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY 2022; 25:JPET12617. [PMID: 36246735 PMCID: PMC9538933 DOI: 10.1111/jpet.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We provide one of the first formalizations of a vaccination campaign in a decision-theoretic framework. We analyze a model where an ambiguity-averse individual must decide how much effort to invest into prevention in the context of a rampant disease. We study how ambiguity aversion affects the effort and the estimation of the vaccine efficacy in clinical trials and immunization campaigns. We find that the behaviors of individuals participating in a clinical trial differ from individuals not participating. Individuals who are more optimistic toward vaccination participate more in trials. Their behaviors and efforts are also affected. As a result, because vaccine efficacy depends on unobserved behaviors and efforts, the biological effect of the vaccine becomes difficult to evaluate. During the scale-up phase of a vaccination campaign, provided that vaccine efficacy is established, we show that vaccine hesitancy may still be rational.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Etner
- EconomiX, UPL, Paris Nanterre UniversityCNRSParisFrance
| | - Josselin Thuilliez
- CNRS—Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, UMR8174Université Panthéon‐Sorbonne‐CNRSParisFrance
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64
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Tensmeyer NC, Dinh NN, Sun LT, Meyer CB. Analysis of Language Translations of State Governments' Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Websites. Health Equity 2022; 6:738-749. [PMID: 36225668 PMCID: PMC9536349 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Tensmeyer
- Gryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Nicole C. Tensmeyer, PhD, Gryphon Scientific, 6930 Carroll Avenue, Takoma Park, MD 20912-4481, USA,
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Yao L, Aleya L, Howard SC, Cao Y, Wang CY, Day SW, Graff JC, Sun D, Gu W. Variations of COVID-19 mortality are affected by economic disparities across countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154770. [PMID: 35341873 PMCID: PMC8949690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the COVID-19 case number reaches a maximum in a country, its capacity and management of health system face greatest challenge. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on data of turning points for cases and deaths for the first three waves of COVID-19 in countries with more than 5000 cumulative cases, as reported by Worldometers and WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. We compared the case fatality rates (CFRs) and time lags (in unit of day) between the turning points of cases and deaths among countries in different development stages and potential influence factors. As of May 10, 2021, 106 out of 222 countries or regions (56%) reported more than 5000 cases. Approximately half of them have experienced all the three waves of COVID-19 disease. The average mortality rate at the disease turning point was 0.038 for the first wave, 0.020 for the second wave, and 0.023 for wave 3. In high-income countries, the mortality rates during the first wave are higher than that of the other income levels. However, the mortality rates during the second and third waves of COVID-19 were much lower than those of the first wave, with a significant reduction from 5.7% to 1.7% approximately 70%. At the same time, high-income countries exhibited a 2-fold increase in time lags during the second and the third waves compared to the first wave, suggesting that the periods between the cases and deaths turning point extended. High rates in the first wave in developed countries are associated to multiple factors including transportation, population density, and aging populations. In upper middle- and lower middle-income countries, the decreasing of mortality rates in the second and third waves were subtle or even reversed, with increased mortality during the following waves. In the upper and lower middle-income countries, the time lags were about 50% of the durations observed from high-income countries. INTERPRETATION Economy and medical resources affect the efficiency of COVID-19 mitigation and the clinical outcomes of the patients. The situation is likely to become even worse in the light of these countries' limited ability to combat COVID-19 and prevent severe outcomes or deaths as the new variant transmission becomes dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Health Outcomes and Policy Research, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté Université, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Scott C Howard
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Sara W Day
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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Fairman RT, Weaver SR, Nyman AL, Popova L, Massey Z, Reynolds RM, Spears CA. Disparities among smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examination of COVID-19-related worries by sociodemographic factors in a U.S. Nationally representative survey. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101835. [PMID: 35607523 PMCID: PMC9116960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott R. Weaver
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy L. Nyman
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary Massey
- Missouri School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Reed M. Reynolds
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire A. Spears
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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COVID-19 Risk Factors and Predictors for Handwashing, Masking, and Social Distancing Among a National Prospective Cohort of U.S. Older Adults. Public Health 2022; 211:164-170. [PMID: 36152400 PMCID: PMC9385770 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Older adults have a disproportionately higher COVID-19 risk; however, there is limited research investigating adherence to the major COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (handwashing, masking, social distancing) for older populations. We examined COVID-19 risk factors and predictors for adherence to COVID-19 mitigation behaviors among a national sample of US older adults. Study design Data were retrieved for 3257 respondents from a nationally representative prospective sample of US Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years. COVID-19 variables were collected in 2020, whereas all other data were collected in 2019. Methods We used multiple logistic regression to analyze COVID-19 risk factors and predictors for handwashing, masking, and social distancing to minimize COVID-19 spread. All models applied survey sampling weights. Results Factors significantly associated with increased odds of COVID-19 diagnosis among US older adults were Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83, P = .01), income (aOR = 0.71, P = .04), residential care or nursing home (aOR = 2.62, P = .01), and generalized anxiety disorder (aOR = 2.38, P = .04). We identified multiple factors significantly associated with adherence to handwashing, masking, and social distancing. Most notably, older males had a significantly lower odds of practicing all three COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, and Black older adults had a significantly higher odds of masking (aOR = 7.94, P < .001) and social distancing (aOR = 2.33, P = .01). Conclusions When prioritizing COVID-19 prevention efforts for older adults, risk factors that should be considered are race and ethnicity, income, residential setting, and anxiety. To effectively mitigate COVID-19 disease spread, public health professionals must also recognize sociodemographic and health factors may influence whether older adults adhere to handwashing, masking, and social distancing.
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Zhang X, Sasmal S, Yu M, Bernardo B, Adeyanju T, Paskett ED. The Association of Socioeconomic Status, the Concern for Catching Covid-19, and Anxiety Between Individuals with and without a Cancer History from a Cross-sectional Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.07.26.22278080. [PMID: 35923318 PMCID: PMC9347286 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.26.22278080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has negative impacts on mental health in all populations. Individuals with a history of cancer have an increased risk of catching and having more severe symptoms of COVID-19 than the general public. The objective of this study was to examine how cancer history and concern for catching COVID-19 relate to anxiety. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of the "Impact of COVID-19 on Behaviors across the Cancer Control Continuum in Ohio" project conducted from June to November 2020. The sample consisted of 7012 participants who completed survey online, by phone, or by mail. Self-reported concern for catching COVID-19 and anxiety over the last 7 days were used. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between demographics, cancer history, concern for catching COVID-19, and anxiety. Results In our study sample, most participants rated their concern for catching COVID-19 as moderately high or high (56%) and reported anxiety for one day or more (63%). Individuals with a cancer history were more likely to report moderate-high or high concern for catching COVID-19 (59% vs.54%, P<0.001) but less likely to report anxiety (58% vs. 67%, P<0.001) compared to those without a cancer history. Individuals with higher SES were less likely to report anxiety (middle vs. low SES: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.59-0.79; high vs. low SES: OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.61-0.82). Additionally, increased concern for catching COVID-19 was associated with higher likelihood of reporting anxiety (moderate-low vs. low: OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.42-1.92; moderate-high vs. low: OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.53-3.50; high vs. low: OR=4.35, 95%CI=3.74-5.07). Conclusions Our findings suggest individuals with a cancer history reported higher concern for catching COVID-19. Higher concern for catching COVID was associated with anxiety. These findings indicate that healthcare providers should pay special attention to the different populations to reduce concerns for catching COVID-19 and provide strategies to improve mental health during a pandemic outbreak. Funding This study was supported by a supplement to The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC) core support grant ( P30 CA016058), and the OSUCCC The Recruitment, Intervention and Survey Shared Resource (RISSR)(P30 CA016058).The Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science grant support (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant UL1TR001070) in publications relating to this project. This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (F99CA253745 to X.Z.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Mengda Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University
| | | | | | - Electra D. Paskett
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
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Nguyen C, Gilbert L, Diep J, Nguyen BM. Identifying Facilitators and Barriers to Increasing COVID-19 Vaccination and Trial Participation in Vaccinated Vietnamese Americans. Health Equity 2022; 6:485-493. [PMID: 35801146 PMCID: PMC9257542 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preventing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 requires reaching diverse communities. Purpose: To identify facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 immunization and COVID-19 clinical trial participation in the vaccinated Vietnamese American population in Houston, TX. Methods: Community-based qualitative study using focus groups and key informant interviews. Results: Themes that emerged included culturally appropriate language, generational differences, and a collectivist approach. Conclusion: Promoting science-based information through trusted messengers, improving awareness and access, and illuminating benefits to the community could increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and volunteering for therapeutic trials among Vietnamese Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Gilbert
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, University of Houston Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Bich-May Nguyen
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, University of Houston Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Bich-May Nguyen, MD, MPH, Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, University of Houston Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Health 2 Building 9037, Houston, TX 77004, USA,
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Methods Used in the Spatial and Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemiology: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148267. [PMID: 35886114 PMCID: PMC9324591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was spatially heterogeneous around the world; the transmission of the disease is driven by complex spatial and temporal variations in socioenvironmental factors. Spatial tools are useful in supporting COVID-19 control programs. A substantive review of the merits of the methodological approaches used to understand the spatial epidemiology of the disease is hardly undertaken. In this study, we reviewed the methodological approaches used to identify the spatial and spatiotemporal variations of COVID-19 and the socioeconomic, demographic and climatic drivers of such variations. We conducted a systematic literature search of spatial studies of COVID-19 published in English from Embase, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2019 to 7 September 2021. Methodological quality assessments were also performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk of bias tool. A total of 154 studies met the inclusion criteria that used frequentist (85%) and Bayesian (15%) modelling approaches to identify spatial clusters and the associated risk factors. Bayesian models in the studies incorporated various spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal effects into the modelling schemes. This review highlighted the need for more local-level advanced Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling through the multi-level framework for COVID-19 prevention and control strategies.
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Spoer BR, McCulley E, Lampe TM, Hsieh PY, Chen A, Ofrane R, Rollins H, Thorpe LE, Bilal U, Gourevitch MN. Validation of a neighborhood-level COVID Local Risk Index in 47 large U.S. cities. Health Place 2022; 76:102814. [PMID: 35623163 PMCID: PMC9128556 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the COVID Local Risk Index (CLRI), a measure of city- and neighborhood-level risk for SARS COV-2 infection and poor outcomes, and validate it using sub-city SARS COV-2 outcome data from 47 large U.S. cities. METHODS Cross-sectional validation analysis of CLRI against SARS COV-2 incidence, percent positivity, hospitalization, and mortality. CLRI scores were validated against ZCTA-level SARS COV-2 outcome data gathered in 2020-2021 from public databases or through data use agreements using a negative binomial model. RESULTS CLRI was associated with each SARS COV-2 outcome in pooled analysis. In city-level models, CLRI was positively associated with positivity in 11/14 cities for which data were available, hospitalization in 6/6 cities, mortality in 13/14 cities, and incidence in 33/47 cities. CONCLUSIONS CLRI is a valid tool for assessing sub-city risk of SARS COV-2 infection and illness severity. Stronger associations with positivity, hospitalization and mortality may reflect differential testing access, greater weight on components associated with poor outcomes than transmission, omitted variable bias, or other reasons. City stakeholders can use the CLRI, publicly available on the City Health Dashboard (www.cityhealthdashboard.com), to guide SARS COV-2 resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben R Spoer
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Edwin McCulley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor M Lampe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei Yang Hsieh
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Chen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Ofrane
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Rollins
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Usama Bilal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc N Gourevitch
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Who was at risk for COVID-19 late in the US pandemic? Insights from a population health machine learning model. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:2039-2049. [PMID: 35538201 PMCID: PMC9090454 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Notable discrepancies in vulnerability to COVID-19 infection have been identified between specific population groups and regions in the USA. The purpose of this study was to estimate the likelihood of COVID-19 infection using a machine-learning algorithm that can be updated continuously based on health care data. Patient records were extracted for all COVID-19 nasal swab PCR tests performed within the Providence St. Joseph Health system from February to October of 2020. A total of 316,599 participants were included in this study, and approximately 7.7% (n = 24,358) tested positive for COVID-19. A gradient boosting model, LightGBM (LGBM), predicted risk of initial infection with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.819. Factors that predicted infection were cough, fever, being a member of the Hispanic or Latino community, being Spanish speaking, having a history of diabetes or dementia, and living in a neighborhood with housing insecurity. A model trained on sociodemographic, environmental, and medical history data performed well in predicting risk of a positive COVID-19 test. This model could be used to tailor education, public health policy, and resources for communities that are at the greatest risk of infection.
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73
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Beiter K, Danos D, Conrad E, Broyles S, Zabaleta J, Mussell J, Phillippi S. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated increases in experiences of assault violence among black men with low socioeconomic status living in Louisiana. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09974. [PMID: 35874081 PMCID: PMC9293370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had mental health, social, and economic implications among communities with high levels of social disadvantage; this may have impacted community violence rates. The objective of this study was to characterize overall trends in assault and social disadvantage of patients experiencing assault before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods All trauma activations at a level one trauma center serving the entire southeast Louisiana region were included during March–August pre-COVID (2018–2019) and during COVID (2020). ICD-10 E-codes were used to identify trauma intent (assault vs. other). Assaults in this context are defined as physical injuries caused by an act of violence wherein the perpetrator was suspected or confirmed to have intended harm, injury, or death to the victim. Social disadvantage was assessed using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Change in the monthly rate of assault-trauma activations was assessed using negative binomial regression with adjustment for race, gender, and injury intent. The study was reviewed and approved by the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Institutional Review Board. Results A total of 4,233 trauma activations were included. The majority of activations occurred among men. Assaults increased from 27.5% of all activations pre-Covid to 35.6% during the pandemic. Penetrating trauma similarly increased from 29.5% to 35.7% of all activations. Negative binomial regression demonstrated that in addition to this increase in proportion of assaults relative to all activations, the monthly assault rate also increased by 20% during the pandemic. These increases were driven primarily by increased assaults among Black men. ADI rank did not change between study periods. Conclusions Health disparities in violence worsened during the pandemic: increased cases of assault occurred disproportionately among Black men, and assaults persisted in occurring primarily among low-ADI communities where burden had been high pre-pandemic. There is a critical need for resources and support to Black men, to mitigate violence and improve racial heath equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin Beiter
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Denise Danos
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erich Conrad
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephanie Broyles
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jason Mussell
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen Phillippi
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 70112, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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SteelFisher GK, Caporello HL, Lubell KM, Ben-Porath EN, Green AR, Luo F, Briseno L, Lane L, Sheff SE, Taillepierre JD, Espino L, Boyea A. Getting Critical Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Spanish and Chinese Speakers With Limited English Proficiency. Health Secur 2022; 20:273-285. [PMID: 35771967 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2021.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
People with limited English proficiency in the United States have suffered disproportionate negative health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective communications are critical tools in addressing inequities insofar as they can motivate adoption of protective behaviors and reduce incidence of disease; however, little is known about experiences of communities with limited English proficiency receiving relevant information during COVID-19 or other outbreaks. To address this gap and provide inputs for communication strategies, we completed a study based on 2 novel and nationally representative surveys conducted between June and August 2020 among Spanish and Chinese speakers with limited English proficiency (n = 764 and n = 355, respectively). Results first showed that Spanish and Chinese speakers did not consistently receive information about protective behaviors from key public health and government institutions early in the pandemic. Second, for such information, Spanish and Chinese speakers used a diverse set of information resources that included family and friends, social media, and traditional media from both inside and outside the United States. Third, Spanish and Chinese speakers faced challenges getting COVID-19 information, including receiving media messages that felt discriminatory toward Latinx or Chinese people. Together, these findings suggest gaps in effectively reaching Spanish and Chinese speakers. Data highlight the important role of bilingual materials to support sharing of information between Spanish or Chinese speakers and English speakers within their social networks, and the need for digital news content for traditional and social media. Finally, efforts are needed to address discriminatory messaging in media and to actively counter it in public health communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian K SteelFisher
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hannah L Caporello
- Hannah L. Caporello is Senior Research Projects Manager, Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Keri M Lubell
- Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eran N Ben-Porath
- Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA
| | - Alexander R Green
- Alexander R. Green, MD, MPH, was an Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Feijun Luo
- Feijun Luo, PhD, is a Senior Economist, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa Briseno
- Lisa Briseno, MS, is a Senior Health Communication Specialist, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lindsay Lane
- Lindsay Lane, MPH, is a Health Communication Specialists, Center for Preparedness and Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah E Sheff
- Sarah E. Sheff, PhD, is a Health Communication Specialists, Center for Preparedness and Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Julio Dicent Taillepierre
- Julio Dicent Taillepierre, MS, is Team Lead, Initiatives and Partnerships Team, Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Espino
- Laura Espino is Membership Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA
| | - Alyssa Boyea
- Alyssa Boyea, MPH, CPH, is Director, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, VA
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Ramírez-del Real T, Martínez-García M, Márquez MF, López-Trejo L, Gutiérrez-Esparza G, Hernández-Lemus E. Individual Factors Associated With COVID-19 Infection: A Machine Learning Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:912099. [PMID: 35844896 PMCID: PMC9279686 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.912099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast, exponential increase of COVID-19 infections and their catastrophic effects on patients' health have required the development of tools that support health systems in the quick and efficient diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. In this context, the present study aims to identify the potential factors associated with COVID-19 infections, applying machine learning techniques, particularly random forest, chi-squared, xgboost, and rpart for feature selection; ROSE and SMOTE were used as resampling methods due to the existence of class imbalance. Similarly, machine and deep learning algorithms such as support vector machines, C4.5, random forest, rpart, and deep neural networks were explored during the train/test phase to select the best prediction model. The dataset used in this study contains clinical data, anthropometric measurements, and other health parameters related to smoking habits, alcohol consumption, quality of sleep, physical activity, and health status during confinement due to the pandemic associated with COVID-19. The results showed that the XGBoost model got the best features associated with COVID-19 infection, and random forest approximated the best predictive model with a balanced accuracy of 90.41% using SMOTE as a resampling technique. The model with the best performance provides a tool to help prevent contracting SARS-CoV-2 since the variables with the highest risk factor are detected, and some of them are, to a certain extent controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ramírez-del Real
- Cátedras Conacyt, National Council on Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Research in Geospatial Information Sciences, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Martínez-García
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manlio F. Márquez
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura López-Trejo
- Institute for Security and Social Services of State Workers, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Esparza
- Cátedras Conacyt, National Council on Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Al-Shudifat AE, Al-Radaideh A, Hammad S, Hijjawi N, Abu-Baker S, Azab M, Tayyem R. Association of Lung CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Patients' Age, Body Weight, Vital Signs, and Medical Regimen. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:912752. [PMID: 35847782 PMCID: PMC9279911 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.912752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to detect possible associations between lung computed tomography (CT) findings in COVID-19 and patients' age, body weight, vital signs, and medical regimen in Jordan. Methods The present cross-sectional study enrolled 230 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in Prince Hamza Hospital in Jordan. Demographic data, as well as major lung CT scan findings, were obtained from the hospital records of the COVID-19 patients. Results The main observed major lung changes among the enrolled COVID-19 patients included ground-glass opacification in 47 (20.4%) patients and consolidation in 22 (9.6%) patients. A higher percentage of patients with major lung changes (24%) was observed among patients above 60 years old, while (50%) of patients with no changes in their lung findings were in the age group of 18–29 years old. Results obtained from the present study showed that only patients with major CT lung changes (9.7%) were prescribed more than three antibiotics. Additionally, 41.6 % of patients with major lung CT scan changes had either dry (31.0%) or productive (10.6%) cough at admission. Conclusion Several factors have been identified by this study for their ability to predict lung changes. Early assessment of these predictors could help provide a prompt intervention that may enhance health outcomes and reduce the risk for further lung changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali Al-Radaideh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shatha Hammad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nawal Hijjawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shaden Abu-Baker
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Azab
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema Tayyem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Human Nutrition, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Reema Tayyem
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Patient experience and healthcare utilization for a COVID-19 telemedicine home monitoring program offered in English and Spanish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270754. [PMID: 35771749 PMCID: PMC9246185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Telemedicine is a vital component of the healthcare system’s response to COVID-19. In March of 2020, Providence health system rapidly implemented a telemedicine home monitoring program (HMP) for COVID-19 patients that included use of at-home pulse oximeters and thermometers and text-based surveys to monitor symptoms. By June 2020, Providence updated the HMP to be offered in Spanish. This program was implemented before COVID-19 testing was readily available and therefore was offered to all patients suspected of having COVID-19. This study examines engagement, experience, and utilization patterns for English and Spanish-speaking patients engaged in the COVID-19 HMP. Methods A retrospective review of program data was used to understand HMP patient engagement (responsiveness to three daily text to monitor symptoms), satisfaction with the program (likelihood to recommend the program) as well as comfort using home monitoring devices and comfort recovering from home. To understand impact on care for COVID-19 confirmed cases, we used electronic health records to measure patterns in healthcare use for COVID-19 positive HMP participants and non-HMP propensity weighted controls. All patients enrolled in the COVID-19 HMP from March–October 2020 were included in the study. Patients tested for COVID-19 during the time window and not enrolled in HMP were included in the propensity-weighted comparison group. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed overall and stratified by English and Spanish speakers. Results Of the 4,358 HMP participants, 75.5% identified as English speakers and 18.2% identified as Spanish speakers. There was high level of responsiveness to three daily text-based surveys monitoring symptoms engagement (>80%) and a high level of comfort using the home monitoring devices (thermometers and pulse oximeters) for English- and Spanish-speaking participants (97.3% and 99.6%, respectively). The majority of English (95.7%) and Spanish-speaking (100%) patients felt safe monitoring their condition from home and had high satisfaction with the HMP (76.5% and 83.6%, respectively). English and Spanish-speaking COVID-19 positive HMP participants had more outpatient and emergency departments (ED) encounters than non-participants 7 and 30 days after their positive test. Conclusion This widely implemented HMP provided participants with a sense of safety and satisfaction and its use was associated with more outpatient care and ED encounters. These outcomes were comparable across English and Spanish-speakers, highlighting the importance and potential impact of language-concordant telemedicine.
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Belita E, Neil-Sztramko SE, Miller A, Anderson LN, Apatu E, Bellefleur O, Kapiriri L, Read K, Sherifali D, Tarride JÉ, Dobbins M. A scoping review of strategies to support public health recovery in the transition to a "new normal" in the age of COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1244. [PMID: 35739496 PMCID: PMC9219400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health workforce has experienced re-deployment from core functions such as health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection, to preventing and tracking the spread of COVID-19. With continued pandemic deployment coupled with the exacerbation of existing health disparities due to the pandemic, public health systems need to re-start the delivery of core public health programming alongside COVID-19 activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify strategies that support the re-integration of core public health programming alongside ongoing pandemic or emergency response. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used to guide this study. A comprehensive search was conducted using: a) online databases, b) grey literature, c) content experts to identify additional references, and d) searching reference lists of pertinent studies. All references were screened by two team members. References were included that met the following criteria: a) involved public health organizations (local, regional, national, and international); b) provided descriptions of strategies to support adaptation or delivery of routine public health measures alongside disaster response; and c) quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive designs. No restrictions were placed on language, publication status, publication date, or outcomes. Data on study characteristics, intervention/strategy, and key findings were independently extracted by two team members. Emergent themes were established through independent inductive analysis by two team members. Results Of 44,087 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review. Study designs of included studies varied: descriptive (n = 8); qualitative (n = 4); mixed-methods (n = 2); cross-sectional (n = 1); case report (n = 1); single-group pretest/post-test design (n = 1). Included studies were from North America (n = 10), Africa (n = 4), and Asia (n = 3) and addressed various public health disasters including natural disasters (n = 9), infectious disease epidemics (n = 5), armed conflict (n = 2) and hazardous material disasters (n = 1). Five emergent themes were identified on strategies to support the re-integration of core public health services: a) community engagement, b) community assessment, c) collaborative partnerships and coordination, d) workforce capacity development and allocation, and e) funding/resource enhancement. Conclusion Emergent themes from this study can be used by public health organizations as a beginning understanding of strategies that can support the re-introduction of essential public health services and programs in COVID-19 recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, HSC 2J22, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Neil-Sztramko
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Alanna Miller
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Emma Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olivier Bellefleur
- Centre de collaboration nationale sur les politiques publiques et la santé (CCNPPS), National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP) , 190, boulevard Crémazie Est, Montréal, Québec, H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Lydia Kapiriri
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. KTH 236, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Kristin Read
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jean-Éric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools , 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
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Liberman JN, Pesa J, Petrillo MP, Ruetsch C. Factors associated with COVID-19 Infection among a national population of individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in the United States. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:376. [PMID: 35655167 PMCID: PMC9161755 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia are a vulnerable and under-served population who are also at risk for severe morbidity and mortality following COVID-19 infection. Our research was designed to identify factors that put individuals with schizophrenia at increased risk of COVID-19 infection. METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of medical and pharmacy claims among 493,796 individuals residing in the United States with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020. A confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection by September 30, 2020 was regressed on demographics, social determinants, comorbidity, and pre-pandemic (December 2019 - February 2020) healthcare utilization characteristics. RESULTS A total of 35,249 (7.1%) individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19. Elevated odds of COVID-19 infection were associated with age, increasing consistently from 40-49 years (OR: 1.16) to 80+ years (OR:5.92), male sex (OR: 1.08), Medicaid (OR: 2.17) or Medicare (OR: 1.23) insurance, African American race (OR: 1.42), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 1.23), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. Select psychiatric comorbidities (depressive disorder, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and sleep-wake disorder) were associated with elevated odds of infection, while alcohol use disorder and PTSD were associated with lower odds. A pre-pandemic psychiatry (OR:0.56) or community mental health center (OR:0.55) visit were associated with lower odds as was antipsychotic treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotic (OR: 0.72) and oral antipsychotic (OR: 0.62). CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with schizophrenia, risk of COVID-19 infection was substantially higher among those with fewer economic resources, with greater medical and psychiatric comorbidity burden, and those who resided in African American or Hispanic communities. In contrast, individuals actively engaged in psychiatric treatment had substantially lower likelihood of infection. These results provide insights for healthcare providers that can translate into improved identification of at-risk individuals and interventions to reduce the risk and consequences of COVID-19 infection.
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Parysek JJ, Mierzejewska L. Cities in the epidemic, the epidemic in cities: Reconstruction of COVID-19 development in Polish cities. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 125:103676. [PMID: 35340452 PMCID: PMC8940580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic, with its epicentres in cities, came as the most severe social, economic and financial shock of the 21st century. The reconstruction of the pandemic spread in cities, the determination of factors conducive to and preventing from SARS-CoV-2 virus infections as well as searching for the ways to combat it and its effects have become the subject of many studies and analyses. The results presented in this article are part of this research. The study covered 20 large Polish cities with different functions, in the set of which: (1) the course of the infection process (by means of a rarely used trajectory method) was determined as well as its temporal variation (variance), (2) cities were classified in terms of the similarity of the epidemic process (correlation analysis), and (3) the factors conducive to infections presented in the literature (using a multivariate regression method) were verified. In this case the investigation was also carried out on the set of 66 large cities. Generally, the relative number of infections (per 10,000 inhabitants), i.e. the intensity of infections, was used as the basis for the analysis. The research has shown that the size, function and location within the country have no influence on the course and intensity of the epidemic in particular cities. Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify factors that could be responsible for infections, or at least that could determine the risk of infections (no confirmed impact on infections of population density, the level of poverty, the proportion of a post-working age population or the level of people's health). Thus, the obtained results testify to the individual nature of the spread of the epidemic in each city and to the possible influence of other explanatory features on the infection level than those considered in this investigation, or to the level of infections as the effect of the synergetic interaction of more than just socio-economic features. The solution to this issue remains open, as it seems, not only in the case of Polish cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy J Parysek
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Human Geography and Planning, ul. B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lidia Mierzejewska
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Human Geography and Planning, ul. B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
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81
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Kim SB, Jeong IS. Social determinants related to COVID-19 infection. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 24:499-507. [PMID: 35488458 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying the social determinants related to COVID-19 infection in South Korea. This secondary analysis used data from the 2020 Community Health Survey, a nationwide sample taken to understand the health status of Korean residents. The participants were 220 970 adults 19 years of age or older. COVID-19-related social determinants were age, education level, marital status, household income, hypertension, eating habits, social support, and regional income. The risk of COVID-19 infection increased in those who were under 40 years, were high school graduates or higher, were single, had a household income over US$ 4166.7, ate breakfast 5-7 times a week, had three or more helpers during COVID-19, and lived in a region with above-average income. Hypertension reduced the risk of COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, adults with high socioeconomic activity showed a high risk for COVID-19 infection, which was assumed to include only adults living in residential housing in the community. Further studies are required to include adults living in long-term care or communal living facilities, known to be frequently infected with the corona virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Bin Kim
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Ihn Sook Jeong
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, South Korea
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Diskin CJ, Maldonado R, Leon J, Dansby LM, Carter TB, Radcliff L, Diskin CD. How effective is rescue therapeutic plasma exchange in treatment of SARS-Coronavirus-2? Ther Apher Dial 2022; 27:170-176. [PMID: 35490343 PMCID: PMC9348252 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After the FDA gave emergency approval for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange in treatment for SARS-Coronoavirus-2, we analyzed its efficacy in patients who had failed all other known therapies. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of 42 patients with SARS-Coronoavirus-2 who had failed conventional therapy and were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange. Pre- and postexchange clinical and laboratory parameters were monitored. The patients were then also compared with a group of 147 patients with SARS-Coronoavirus-2 who were referred for stage 3 acute renal failure and dialysis from SARS-Coronoavirus-2. RESULTS After therapeutic plasma exchange, there were significant improvements in some clinical parameters but mortality remained high; although better than the renal failure group (43.9% vs. 50.7%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 patients who failed all other therapies had significant mortality with therapeutic plasma exchange; however, their survival was better than SARS-CoV-2 patients with stage 3 acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Diskin
- Hypertension, Nephrology, Dialysis & TransplantationOpelikaAlabamaUSA
| | - Ricardo Maldonado
- Department of Infectious DiseaseEast Alabama Medical CenterOpelikaAlabamaUSA
| | - Jose Leon
- East Alabama Rheumatology CenterOpelikaAlabamaUSA
| | - Linda M. Dansby
- Hypertension, Nephrology, Dialysis & TransplantationOpelikaAlabamaUSA
| | - Thomas B. Carter
- Hypertension, Nephrology, Dialysis & TransplantationOpelikaAlabamaUSA
| | - Lautrec Radcliff
- Hypertension, Nephrology, Dialysis & TransplantationOpelikaAlabamaUSA
| | - Charles D. Diskin
- Hypertension, Nephrology, Dialysis & TransplantationOpelikaAlabamaUSA
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Data Disaggregation Reveals Disproportionate Levels of COVID-19 Risk Among Filipinxs in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1398-1402. [PMID: 35587861 PMCID: PMC9118811 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Recognizing the disproportionate rates of COVID-19 infection and death experienced by Filipinxs in the USA, this study examines whether data disaggregation reveals meaningful differences between Filipinxs, non-Asians, and other groups often aggregated into the problematic “Asian and Pacific Islander” category across a series of social and health variables associated with COVID-19 risk. Methods Using data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS, 2017–18; N = 42,330) and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2018–19; N = 135,516), we ran chi-squared tests yielding Wald F-values to compare Filipinxs with other “Asians and Pacific islanders” and non-Asians across 10 social and 4 health-related variables. Health conditions included asthma, diabetes, heart conditions, and high blood pressure. Results Filipinxs were much more likely to report diabetes (CHIS: 12.6%; NSDUH: 14.4%) than other Asian/PI respondents (8.4%; 8.0%) or non-Asians (10.8%; 10.1%), as well as asthma and high blood pressure. Filipinxs were also disproportionately employed in the healthcare and service occupations (CHIS: 36.7%) in comparison to other Asian/PI respondents (19.0%) and non-Asians (22.4%). Discussion Across several variables, Filipinxs have less in common with other Asians and Pacific Islanders than with non-Asians. Combining these groups can obscure patterns that affect health and the risks of contracting or dying from COVID-19.
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Jiang L, Tang K, Irfan O, Li X, Zhang E, Bhutta Z. Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Adolescents—a Live Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2022; 10:19-30. [PMID: 35540721 PMCID: PMC9072767 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review A multisystem inflammatory condition occurring in children and adolescents with COVID-19 has become increasingly recognized and widely studied globally. This review aims to investigate and synthesize evolving evidence on its clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in pediatric patients. Recent Findings We retrieved data from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO COVID-19 Database, Google Scholar, and preprint databases, covering a timeline from December 1, 2019, to July 31, 2021. A total of 123 eligible studies were included in the final descriptive and risk factor analyses. We comprehensively reviewed reported multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases from published and preprint studies of various designs to provide an updated evidence on epidemiology, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings, management, and short-term outcomes. Latest evidence suggests that African black and non-Hispanic white are the two most common ethnic groups, constituting 24.89% (95% CI 23.30–26.48%) and 25.18% (95% CI 23.51–26.85%) of the MIS-C population, respectively. Typical symptoms of MIS-C include fever (90.85%, 95% CI 89.86–91.84%), not-specified gastrointestinal symptoms (51.98%, 95% CI 50.13–53.83%), rash (49.63%, 95% CI 47.80–51.47%), abdominal pain (48.97%, 95% CI 47.09–50.85%), conjunctivitis (46.93%, 95% CI 45.17–48.69%), vomiting (43.79%, 95% CI 41.90–45.68%), respiratory symptoms (41.75%, 95% CI 40.01–43.49%), and diarrhea (40.10%, 95% CI 38.23–41.97%). MIS-C patients are less likely to develop conjunctivitis (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.67), cervical adenopathy (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.68), and rash (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.77), in comparison with Kawasaki disease patients. Our review revealed that the majority of MIS-C cases (95.21%) to be full recovered while only 2.41% died from this syndrome. We found significant disparity between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries in terms of clinical outcomes. Summary MIS-C, which appears to be linked to COVID-19, may cause severe inflammation in organs and tissues. Although there is emerging new evidence about the characteristics of this syndrome, its risk factors, and clinical prognosis, much remains unknown about the causality, the optimal prevention and treatment interventions, and long-term outcomes of the MIS-C patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00264-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kun Tang
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Omar Irfan
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Global Health & Development, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Routledge I, Takahashi S, Epstein A, Hakim J, Janson O, Turcios K, Vinden J, Risos JT, Baniqued MR, Pham L, Di Germanio C, Busch M, Kushel M, Greenhouse B, Rodríguez-Barraquer I. Using sero-epidemiology to monitor disparities in vaccination and infection with SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2451. [PMID: 35508478 PMCID: PMC9068757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and vaccines are rolled-out, the "double burden" of disparities in exposure and vaccination intersect to determine patterns of infection, immunity, and mortality. Serology provides a unique opportunity to measure prior infection and vaccination simultaneously. Leveraging algorithmically-selected residual sera from two hospital networks in the city of San Francisco, cross-sectional samples from 1,014 individuals from February 4-17, 2021 were each tested on two assays (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2), capturing the first year of the epidemic and early roll-out of vaccination. We estimated, using Bayesian estimation of infection and vaccination, that infection risk of Hispanic/Latinx residents was five times greater than of White residents aged 18-64 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 3.2-10.3), and that White residents over 65 were twice as likely to be vaccinated as Black/African American residents (95% CrI: 1.1-4.6). We found that socioeconomically-deprived zipcodes had higher infection probabilities and lower vaccination coverage than wealthier zipcodes. While vaccination has created a 'light at the end of the tunnel' for this pandemic, ongoing challenges in achieving and maintaining equity must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Routledge
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Saki Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Adrienne Epstein
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill Hakim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Owen Janson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keirstinne Turcios
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jo Vinden
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Tomas Risos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Rose Baniqued
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori Pham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Busch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margot Kushel
- Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Social Determinants and Indicators of COVID-19 Among Marginalized Communities: A Scientific Review and Call to Action for Pandemic Response and Recovery. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e193. [PMID: 35492024 PMCID: PMC9237492 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed massive socio-psychological, health, and economic burdens including deaths on countless lives; however, it has disproportionally impacted certain populations. Co-occurring Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) disparities and other underlying determinants have exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic. This literature review sought to (1) examine literature focused on SDoH and COVID-19 outcomes ie, infectivity, hospitalization, and death rates among marginalized communities; and (2) identify SDoH disparities associated with COVID-19 outcomes. We searched electronic databases for studies published from October 2019 to October 2021. Studies that were selected were those intersecting SDoH indicators and COVID-19 outcomes and were conducted in the United States. Our review underscored the disproportionate vulnerabilities and adverse outcomes from COVID-19 that have impacted racial/ethnic minority communities and other disadvantaged groups (ie, senior citizens, and displaced/homeless individuals). COVID-19 outcomes were associated with SDoH indicators, ie, race/ethnicity, poverty, median income level, housing density, housing insecurity, health-care access, occupation, transportation/commuting patterns, education, air quality, food insecurity, old age, etc. Our review concluded with recommendations and a call to action to integrate SDoH indicators along with relevant health data when implementing intelligent solutions and intervention strategies to pandemic response/recovery among vulnerable populations.
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87
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Tutsoy O, Polat A. Linear and non-linear dynamics of the epidemics: System identification based parametric prediction models for the pandemic outbreaks. ISA TRANSACTIONS 2022; 124:90-102. [PMID: 34412892 PMCID: PMC8349905 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has endured constituting formidable economic, social, educational, and phycological challenges for the societies. Moreover, during pandemic outbreaks, the hospitals are overwhelmed with patients requiring more intensive care units and intubation equipment. Therein, to cope with these urgent healthcare demands, the state authorities seek ways to develop policies based on the estimated future casualties. These policies are mainly non-pharmacological policies including the restrictions, curfews, closures, and lockdowns. In this paper, we construct three model structures of the SpInItIbD-N (suspicious Sp, infected In, intensive care It, intubated Ib, and dead D together with the non-pharmacological policies N) holding two key targets. The first one is to predict the future COVID-19 casualties including the intensive care and intubated ones, which directly determine the need for urgent healthcare facilities, and the second one is to analyse the linear and non-linear dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic under the non-pharmacological policies. In this respect, we have modified the non-pharmacological policies and incorporated them within the models whose parameters are learned from the available data. The trained models with the data released by the Turkish Health Ministry confirmed that the linear SpInItIbD-N model yields more accurate results under the imposed non-pharmacological policies. It is important to note that the non-pharmacological policies have a damping effect on the pandemic casualties and this can dominate the non-linear dynamics. Herein, a model without pharmacological or non-pharmacological policies might have more dominant non-linear dynamics. In addition, the paper considers two machine learning approaches to optimize the unknown parameters of the constructed models. The results show that the recursive neural network has superior performance for learning nonlinear dynamics. However, the batch least squares outperforms in the presence of linear dynamics and stochastic data. The estimated future pandemic casualties with the linear SpInItIbD-N model confirm that the suspicious, infected, and dead casualties converge to zero from 200000, 1400, 200 casualties, respectively. The convergences occur in 120 days under the current conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Tutsoy
- Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Adem Polat
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Giglio ME, Pelton M, Yang AL, Patel A, Buzzelli LK, Schick J, Ssentongo A, Tian Z, Ryan CA, Razavi N, Fredrick B. COVID-19 Contact Tracing Highlights Disparities: Household Size and Low-English Proficiency. Health Equity 2022; 6:330-333. [PMID: 35557552 PMCID: PMC9081049 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, our study characterizes the connection between COVID-19 susceptibility and both limited English proficiency (LEP) and large household size. We examined demographic and social data for 1130 individuals who tested positive for or were exposed to COVID-19. Analysis revealed that LEP persons were 3.2 times as likely to report difficulty obtaining supplies for quarantine. Individuals in large households were 1.9 times as likely to report difficulty obtaining supplies for quarantine and 2.0 times as likely to report inability to quarantine. This study, therefore, informs interventions targeted to these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E. Giglio
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ae Lim Yang
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Schick
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zizhong Tian
- Department of Public Health, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Casey A. Ryan
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nina Razavi
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Fredrick
- Department of Family Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Maher A, Dehnavi H, Salehian E, Omidi M, Hannani K. Relationship Between Income Level and Hospitalization Rate in COVID-19 Cases; an Example of Social Factors Affecting Health. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2022; 10:e23. [PMID: 35573715 PMCID: PMC9078072 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the population's socioeconomic status and clinical features is essential in planning and performing interventions related to disease control. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between income level and hospitalization rate of COVID-19 patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 198,944 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Tehran province between March 2020 and March 2021. Data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was obtained from the Hospital Intelligent Management System (HIM). The income data of patients were obtained from the Iranian Database on Targeted Subsidies belonging to the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare. Data analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS About 2.5% of the inpatients were from the first decile, while 20.6% were from the tenth. The share of the lower three deciles of total hospitalization was about 11%, while the share of the upper three deciles was 50%. There was a big difference between the upper- and lower-income deciles regarding death rates. In the first decile, 30% of inpatients died, while the proportion was 10% in the tenth decile. There was a significant and positive relationship between income decline and hospitalization (r = 0.75; p = 0.02). Also, there was a significant and negative relationship between income decline and death rate (r = -0.90; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Low-income groups use fewer inpatient services, are more prone to severe illness and death from COVID-19, and treatment in this group has a lower chance of success. Using a systemic approach to address socioeconomic factors in healthcare planning is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maher
- Department of Health Management and Economics, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Dehnavi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Hamed Dehnavi; Department of Health Management and Economics, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Valiasr Avenue, Tehran, Iran. Tel: (+98 21) 26214956 , , ORCID: 0000-0002-8183-4458
| | - Elham Salehian
- Resources Development Deputy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Omidi
- Resources Development Deputy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatereh Hannani
- Resources Development Deputy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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90
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Varshney K, Glodjo T, Adalbert J. Overcrowded housing increases risk for COVID-19 mortality: an ecological study. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:126. [PMID: 35382869 PMCID: PMC8981184 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Overcrowded housing is a sociodemographic variable associated with increased infection and mortality rates from communicable diseases. It is not well understood if this association exists for COVID-19. Our objective was hence to determine the association between household overcrowding and risk of mortality from COVID-19, and this was done by performing bivariable and multivariable analyses using COVID-19 data from cities in Los Angeles County. Results Bivariate regression revealed that overcrowded households were positively associated with COVID-19 deaths (standardized β = 0.863, p < 0.001). COVID-19 case totals, people aged 60+, and the number of overcrowded households met conditions for inclusion in the backwards stepwise linear regression model. Analysis revealed all independent variables were positively associated with mortality rates, primarily for individuals 60 + (standardized β1 = 0.375, p = 0.001), followed by overcrowded households (standardized β2 = 0.346, p = 0.014), and total COVID-19 cases (standardized β3 = 0.311, p < 0.001). Our findings highlight that residing in overcrowded households may be an important risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Public health entities should consider this population when allocating resources for prevention and control of COVID-19 mortality and future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Varshney
- Deakin University School of Medicine, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia. .,Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA, Australia.
| | - Talia Glodjo
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA, Australia.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Australia
| | - Jenna Adalbert
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA, Australia.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Australia
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91
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Dohrmann E, Porche MV, Ijadi-Maghsoodi R, Kataoka SH. Racial Disparities in the Education System: Opportunities for Justice in Schools. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2022; 31:193-209. [PMID: 35361359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Data from the US Department of Education clearly documents the chronic and persistent disproportionality of negative educational outcomes for students of color. To move closer to an antiracist system that provides all youth with the resources, protections, and opportunities to which they are entitled through public education, we recommend that mental health clinicians understand the social determinants of education; become familiar with the historical legacy of inequity in schools; identify current trends of racial disparities in education; engage in opportunities for antiracist school transformation; and reflect on their personal practices in providing access, diagnosis, and treatment to underresourced and minoritized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle V Porche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 7M16, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi
- Division of Population Behavioral Health, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, #A8-224, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Health Service Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheryl H Kataoka
- Division of Population Behavioral Health, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, #48-240B, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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92
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Depressive symptoms, but not anxiety, predict subsequent diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 19: a national cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e16. [PMID: 35331365 PMCID: PMC8967696 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Several diseases are linked to increased risk of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Our aim was to investigate whether depressive and anxiety symptoms predict subsequent risk of COVID-19, as has been shown for other respiratory infections. METHODS We based our analysis on UK Biobank participants providing prospective data to estimate temporal association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and COVID-19. We estimated whether the magnitude of these symptoms predicts subsequent diagnosis of COVID-19 in this sample. Further, we evaluated whether depressive and anxiety symptoms predicted (i) being tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and (ii) COVID-19 in those tested. RESULTS Based on data from N = 135 102 participants, depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.052; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017-1.086; absolute case risk: (moderately) severe depression: 493 per 100 000 v. minimal depression: 231 per 100 000) but not anxiety (OR = 1.009; 95% CI 0.97-1.047) predicted COVID-19. While depressive symptoms but not anxiety predicted (i) being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.039; 95% CI 1.029-1.05 and OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.978-1.002), (ii) neither predicted COVID-19 in those tested (OR = 1.015; 95% CI 0.981-1.05 and OR = 1.021; 95% CI 0.981-1.061). Results remained stable after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, multimorbidity and behavioural factors. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, irrespective of multimorbidities. Potential underlying mechanisms to be elucidated include risk behaviour, symptom perception, healthcare use, testing likelihood, viral exposure, immune function and disease progress. Our findings highlight the relevance of mental processes in the context of COVID-19.
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93
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Corey J, Lyons J, O’Carroll A, Stafford R, Ivers JH. A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063219. [PMID: 35328907 PMCID: PMC8954292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at heightened risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality from COVID-19. However, health consequences of the pandemic extend far beyond those directly caused by the virus. This scoping review aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of PEH in North America and Europe. A systematic search of academic and grey literature was conducted in September 2021. To be included, studies had to include primary data related to the impact of the pandemic on health or well-being of PEH and be written in English. All potentially relevant references were independently screened by two reviewers, and minor conflicts were settled with input of a third reviewer. A total of 96 articles met criteria for inclusion. Data extraction was completed for all included studies, and findings synthesised and presented thematically. Numerous health impacts of the pandemic on PEH were identified, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, mortality, and hospitalisation, fear of infection, access to housing, hygiene, PPE, food, as well as mental health, substance use, other health-related outcomes and treatment services. Gaps in the literature relating to persons using alcohol, access to mental health support, and violence were also identified. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corey
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D24H74 Dublin, Ireland; (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - James Lyons
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D24H74 Dublin, Ireland; (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Richie Stafford
- HSE Community Healthcare Organisation Dublin North City & County, D09C8P5 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Jo-Hanna Ivers
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D24H74 Dublin, Ireland; (J.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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94
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Jones KF, Laury E, Sanders JJ, Starr LT, Rosa WE, Booker SQ, Wachterman M, Jones CA, Hickman S, Merlin JS, Meghani SH. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Delivering Antiracist Care to Black Americans. J Palliat Med 2022; 25:479-487. [PMID: 34788577 PMCID: PMC9022452 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial disparities, including decreased hospice utilization, lower quality symptom management, and poor-quality end-of-life care have been well documented in Black Americans. Improving health equity and access to high-quality serious illness care is a national palliative care (PC) priority. Accomplishing these goals requires clinician reflection, engagement, and large-scale change in clinical practice and health-related policies. In this article, we provide an overview of key concepts that underpin racism in health care, discuss common serious illness disparities in Black Americans, and propose steps to promote the delivery of antiracist PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Laury
- Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA.,Address correspondence to: Esther Laury, PhD, RN, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., US Outcomes Research, 351 N. Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA 19454, USA
| | - Justin J. Sanders
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren T. Starr
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William E. Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Staja Q. Booker
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa Wachterman
- Section of General Internal Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher A. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Hickman
- Department of Community and Health Systems, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica S. Merlin
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salimah H. Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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95
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Talaei M, Faustini S, Holt H, Jolliffe DA, Vivaldi G, Greenig M, Perdek N, Maltby S, Bigogno CM, Symons J, Davies GA, Lyons RA, Griffiths CJ, Kee F, Sheikh A, Richter AG, Shaheen SO, Martineau AR. Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK). BMC Med 2022; 20:87. [PMID: 35189888 PMCID: PMC8860623 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. METHODS We did a prospective population-based study in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naive UK adults recruited between May 1 and November 2, 2020, without a positive swab test result for SARS-CoV-2 prior to enrolment. Information on 88 potential sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical and pharmacological risk factors was obtained through online questionnaires, and combined IgG/IgA/IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein were determined in dried blood spots obtained between November 6, 2020, and April 18, 2021. We used logistic and linear regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) for potential determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all participants) and antibody titres (seropositive participants only), respectively. RESULTS Of 11,130 participants, 1696 (15.2%) were seropositive. Factors independently associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity included frontline health/care occupation (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48-2.33), international travel (1.20, 1.07-1.35), number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.29, 1.06-1.57, P-trend = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (1.24, 1.11-1.39), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.65, 1.10-2.49) and alcohol consumption ≥15 vs. 0 units/week (1.23, 1.04-1.46). Light physical exercise associated with lower risk (0.80, 0.70-0.93, for ≥ 10 vs. 0-4 h/week). Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies associated with factors including BMI ≥ 30 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (aGMR 1.10, 1.02-1.19), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.22, 1.04-1.44), frontline health/care occupation (1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39), international travel (1.11, 1.05-1.16) and number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.12, 1.02-1.23, P-trend = 0.01); these associations were not substantially attenuated by adjustment for COVID-19 disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Higher alcohol consumption and lower light physical exercise represent new modifiable risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognised associations between South Asian ethnic origin and obesity and higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were independent of other sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical, and pharmacological factors investigated. Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies in people of South Asian ancestry and in obese people were not explained by greater COVID-19 disease severity in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sian Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayley Holt
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Jolliffe
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Vivaldi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Greenig
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Natalia Perdek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sheena Maltby
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carola M Bigogno
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Gwyneth A Davies
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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96
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Xia Y, Ma H, Moloney G, Velásquez García HA, Sirski M, Janjua NZ, Vickers D, Williamson T, Katz A, Yiu K, Kustra R, Buckeridge DL, Brisson M, Baral SD, Mishra S, Maheu-Giroux M. Geographic concentration of SARS-CoV-2 cases by social determinants of health in metropolitan areas in Canada: a cross-sectional study. CMAJ 2022; 194:E195-E204. [PMID: 35165131 PMCID: PMC8900797 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.211249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with the social determinants of health could help the development of effective mitigation strategies that are responsive to local transmission dynamics. This study aims to quantify social determinants of geographic concentration of SARS-CoV-2 cases across 16 census metropolitan areas (hereafter, cities) in 4 Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. Methods: We used surveillance data on confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and census data for social determinants at the level of the dissemination area (DA). We calculated Gini coefficients to determine the overall geographic heterogeneity of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in each city, and calculated Gini covariance coefficients to determine each city’s heterogeneity by each social determinant (income, education, housing density and proportions of visible minorities, recent immigrants and essential workers). We visualized heterogeneity using Lorenz (concentration) curves. Results: We observed geographic concentration of SARS-CoV-2 cases in cities, as half of the cumulative cases were concentrated in DAs containing 21%–35% of their population, with the greatest geographic heterogeneity in Ontario cities (Gini coefficients 0.32–0.47), followed by British Columbia (0.23–0.36), Manitoba (0.32) and Quebec (0.28–0.37). Cases were disproportionately concentrated in areas with lower income and educational attainment, and in areas with a higher proportion of visible minorities, recent immigrants, high-density housing and essential workers. Although a consistent feature across cities was concentration by the proportion of visible minorities, the magnitude of concentration by social determinant varied across cities. Interpretation: Geographic concentration of SARS-CoV-2 cases was observed in all of the included cities, but the pattern by social determinants varied. Geographically prioritized allocation of resources and services should be tailored to the local drivers of inequalities in transmission in response to the resurgence of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Huiting Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Gary Moloney
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Héctor A Velásquez García
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Monica Sirski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Naveed Z Janjua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - David Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Kristy Yiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Rafal Kustra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - David L Buckeridge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Marc Brisson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Sharmistha Mishra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Xia, Buckeridge, Maheu-Giroux), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Xia, Ma, Moloney, Yiu, Mishra), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Population and Public Health (Velásquez García, Janjua), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Velásquez García, Janjua), Vancouver, BC; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine (Sirski, Katz), Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Vickers, Williamson) and Centre for Health Informatics (Williamson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Kustra), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Brisson), Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Epidemiology (Baral), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; Division of Infectious Diseases (Mishra), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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97
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Porteny T, Corlin L, Allen JD, Monahan K, Acevedo A, Stopka TJ, Levine P, Ladin K. Associations among political voting preference, high-risk health status, and preventative behaviors for COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:225. [PMID: 35114966 PMCID: PMC8813186 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate the relationships among political preferences, risk for COVID-19 complications, and complying with preventative behaviors, such as social distancing, quarantine, and vaccination, as they remain incompletely understood. Since those with underlying health conditions have the highest mortality risk, prevention strategies targeting them and their caretakers effectively can save lives. Understanding caretakers' adherence is also crucial as their behavior affects the probability of transmission and quality of care, but is understudied. Examining the degree to which adherence to prevention measures within these populations is affected by their health status vs. voting preference, a key predictor of preventative behavior in the U. S, is imperative to improve targeted public health messaging. Knowledge of these associations could inform targeted COVID-19 campaigns to improve adherence for those at risk for severe consequences. METHODS We conducted a nationally-representative online survey of U.S. adults between May-June 2020 assessing: 1) attempts to socially-distance; 2) willingness/ability to self-quarantine; and 3) intention of COVID-19 vaccination. We estimated the relationships between 1) political preferences 2) underlying health status, and 3) being a caretaker to someone with high-risk conditions and each dependent variable. Sensitivity analyses examined the associations between political preference and dependent variables among participants with high-risk conditions and/or obesity. RESULTS Among 908 participants, 75.2% engaged in social-distancing, 94.4% were willing/able to self-quarantine, and 60.1% intended to get vaccinated. Compared to participants intending to vote for Biden, participants who intended to vote for Trump were significantly less likely to have tried to socially-distance, self-quarantine, or intend to be vaccinated. We observed the same trends in analyses restricted to participants with underlying health conditions and their caretakers Underlying health status was independently associated with social distancing among individuals with obesity and another high-risk condition, but not other outcomes. CONCLUSION Engagement in preventative behavior is associated with political voting preference and not individual risk of severe COVID-19 or being a caretaker of a high-risk individual. Community based strategies and public health messaging should be tailored to individuals based on political preferences especially for those with obesity and other high-risk conditions. Efforts must be accompanied by broader public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Porteny
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 118G, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 118G, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jennifer D Allen
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 118G, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kyle Monahan
- Data Lab, Tufts Technology Services, Tufts University, 16 Dearborn Road, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrea Acevedo
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 118G, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Thomas J Stopka
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Peter Levine
- Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, 163 Packard Ave, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Keren Ladin
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 118G, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Suite 118G, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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98
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Vickery KD, Novotny PJ, Ford BR, Lantz K, Kavistan S, Singh D, Hernandez V, Sia IG, Wieland ML. Experiences of Hispanic Safety Net Clinic Patients With Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2022; 48:87-97. [PMID: 35118926 PMCID: PMC9044409 DOI: 10.1177/26350106221076037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize the material, health (general and diabetes-specific), and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes who did not experience COVID-19 infection. METHODS This cross-sectional and longitudinal study used surveys within a clinical trial of 79 Hispanic adult clinic patients with type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional measures included the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, items from the Coronavirus Impact Scale, and the Pandemic Impacts Inventory. Longitudinal measures included the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care, health care utilization, and measures of diabetes self-efficacy, social support, and quality of life. RESULTS Participants were majority low-income, Spanish-speaking females with poor diabetes control. Coronavirus anxiety was low despite majority of participants having an affected family member and frequent access barriers. More than half of participants reported moderate/severe pandemic impact on their income. Diabetes self-care behaviors did not change between prepandemic and pandemic measures. Diabetes self-efficacy and quality of life improved despite fewer diabetes-related health care visits. CONCLUSIONS Despite high levels of access barriers, financial strain, and COVID-19 infection of family members, Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes continued to prioritize their diabetes self-management and demonstrated substantial resilience by improving their self-efficacy and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Vickery
- Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Health Care for the Homeless, Hennepin County Public Health Department, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paul J Novotny
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Becky R Ford
- Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kiley Lantz
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Silvio Kavistan
- Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and Phoenix, Arizona.,Mountain Park Health Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Irene G Sia
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mark L Wieland
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and Phoenix, Arizona
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99
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Beltran RM, Holloway IW, Hong C, Miyashita A, Cordero L, Wu E, Burris K, Frew PM. Social Determinants of Disease: HIV and COVID-19 Experiences. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:101-112. [PMID: 35107810 PMCID: PMC8808274 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The differential impact of the COVID-19 and HIV pandemics on marginalized communities has renewed calls for more robust and deeper investigation into structural and social causes of health inequities contributing to these infections, including underlying factors related to systematic racism. Using the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) framework, we analyzed parallel and divergent factors associated with COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS and the prevalence of disparate disease in diverse communities. We utilized PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant literature (N = 210 articles) that resulted in a review of 125 articles included in our synthesis. RECENT FINDINGS With racial health inequities as a core contributor to disease vulnerability, we also identified other factors such as economic stability, social and community support, the neighborhood and built environment, healthcare access and quality, and education access and quality as important socioecological considerations toward achieving health equity. Our review identifies structural and systematic factors that drive HIV and COVID-19 transmission. Our review highlights the importance of not solely focusing on biomedical interventions as solutions to ending HIV and COVID-19, but rather call for building a more just public health and social service safety net that meets the needs of people at the intersection of multiple vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza M Beltran
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, UCLA Global HIV Prevention Research Program, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy and Practice (HHIPP), CA, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Ian W Holloway
- UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy and Practice (HHIPP), CA, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Public Affairs, UCLA Luskin, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California HIV/AIDS Research Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chenglin Hong
- UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy and Practice (HHIPP), CA, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Public Affairs, UCLA Luskin, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California HIV/AIDS Research Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ayako Miyashita
- UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy and Practice (HHIPP), CA, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Public Affairs, UCLA Luskin, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luisita Cordero
- UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy and Practice (HHIPP), CA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wu
- UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy and Practice (HHIPP), CA, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Public Affairs, UCLA Luskin, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California HIV/AIDS Research Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Burris
- UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Paula M Frew
- UNLV School of Public Health, UNLV Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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100
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Richard A, Wisniak A, Perez-Saez J, Garrison-Desany H, Petrovic D, Piumatti G, Baysson H, Picazio A, Pennacchio F, De Ridder D, Chappuis F, Vuilleumier N, Low N, Hurst S, Eckerle I, Flahault A, Kaiser L, Azman AS, Guessous I, Stringhini S. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, risk factors for infection and associated symptoms in Geneva, Switzerland: a population-based study. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:124-135. [PMID: 34664529 PMCID: PMC8808008 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211048050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims: To assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence over the first epidemic wave in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, as well as risk factors for infection and symptoms associated with IgG seropositivity. Methods: Between April and June 2020, former participants of a representative survey of the 20-74-year-old population of canton Geneva were invited to participate in the study, along with household members aged over 5 years. Blood samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G. Questionnaires were self-administered. We estimated seroprevalence with a Bayesian model accounting for test performance and sampling design. Results: We included 8344 participants, with an overall adjusted seroprevalence of 7.8% (95% credible interval 6.8-8.9). Seroprevalence was highest among 18-49 year-olds (9.5%), and lowest in 5-9-year-old children (4.3%) and individuals >65 years (4.7-5.4%). Odds of seropositivity were significantly reduced for female retirees and unemployed men compared to employed individuals, and smokers compared to non-smokers. We found no significant association between occupation, level of education, neighborhood income and the risk of being seropositive. The symptom most strongly associated with seropositivity was anosmia/dysgeusia. Conclusions: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 population seroprevalence remained low after the first wave in Geneva. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with seropositivity in this sample. The elderly, young children and smokers were less frequently seropositive, although it is not clear how biology and behaviours shape these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Richard
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ania Wisniak
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | | | - Dusan Petrovic
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Piumatti
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Faculty of BioMedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Attilio Picazio
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | | | - David De Ridder
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Chappuis
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samia Hurst
- Institute for Ethics, History, and the Humanities, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases and Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases and Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Andrew S. Azman
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
- University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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