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Wang M, Yim SH, Dong G, Ho K, Wong D. Mapping ozone source-receptor relationship and apportioning the health impact in the Pearl River Delta region using adjoint sensitivity analysis. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2020; 222:1-117026. [PMID: 32461735 PMCID: PMC7252566 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While fine particulate matters are decreasing in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the regional ozone (O3) shows an increasing trend that affects human health, leading to an urgent need for scientific understanding of source-receptor relationship between O3 and its precursor emissions given the changing background composition. We advanced and applied an adjoint air quality model to map contributions of individual O3 precursor emission sources [nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC)] at each location to annual regional O3 concentrations and to identify the possible dominant influential pathways of emission sources to O3 at different spatiotemporal scales. Additionally, we introduced the novel adjoint sensitivity approach to assess the relationship between precursor emissions and O3-induced premature mortality. Adjoint results show that Shenzhen was a major source contributor to regional O3 throughout all seasons, of which 49.4% (3.8%) were from its NOx (VOC) emissions. Local emissions (within PRD) contributed to 83% of the regional O3 whereas only ~54% of the estimated ~4000 regional O3-induced premature mortalities. The discrepancy between these two contributions was because O3-induced mortalities are dependent on not only O3 concentration, but incident rate and population density. We also found that a city with low O3-induced mortalities could have significant emission contributions to health impact in the region since the transport pathways could be through transport of local O3 or through transport of O3 precursors that form regional O3 thereafter. It is therefore necessary to formulate emission control policies from both air quality and public health perspectives, and it is also critical to have better understanding of influential pathways of emission sources to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.Y. Wang
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Steve H.L. Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - G.H. Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - K.F. Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - D.C. Wong
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, USA
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Rohi G, Ejofodomi O, Ofualagba G. Autonomous monitoring, analysis, and countering of air pollution using environmental drones. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03252. [PMID: 31993524 PMCID: PMC6971350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of air pollution on the environment, economic and health of the people in the affected countries cannot be overemphasized. This paper investigates large scale air pollution elimination to remove pollutants that are already in existence in the environment. This method involves the use of Environmental Drones (E-drones) to autonomously monitor the air quality at a specific location. The E-drone flies up to a predetermined height (Ealtitude) every hour, measures the air pollutants at that location, implements on-board pollution abatement solutions for pollutants above the recommended threshold, and then flies back down to its location on the ground. The advantages of this system is its ability to measure air pollution concentration of CO2, CO, NH3, SO2, PM, O3 and NO2, detect when they are too high, and implement on-board pollution abatement solutions as needed. This system's novelty lies in the fact that it not only detects when there is excessive pollution, but it also automatically deals with and abates the detected air pollution above earth. When multiple E-drones are used in different locations, a custom software generates an Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) map of the region that can be used for present and long-term environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godall Rohi
- Racett Canada Inc, 404 St George Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 1X0, Canada.,Racett Nigeria Ltd., Zone 8, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O'tega Ejofodomi
- Racett Canada Inc, 404 St George Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 1X0, Canada.,Racett Nigeria Ltd., Zone 8, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Godswill Ofualagba
- Racett Canada Inc, 404 St George Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 1X0, Canada.,Racett Nigeria Ltd., Zone 8, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
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53
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Liang S, Li X, Teng Y, Fu H, Chen L, Mao J, Zhang H, Gao S, Sun Y, Ma Z, Azzi M. Estimation of health and economic benefits based on ozone exposure level with high spatial-temporal resolution by fusing satellite and station observations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113267. [PMID: 31574391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ozone pollution has become more and more serious in China. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the correlation between short-term ozone exposure and several health risks including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and respiratory mortality. In this study, the daily ozone exposure levels with 10 km × 10 km resolution were estimated based on satellite data derived from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the monitoring data. The health impacts for potential decrease in the daily ozone concentration and the corresponding economic benefits in 2016 were estimated by applying the environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) model. By reducing the daily maximum 8-h average concentration of ozone to 100 μg/m3, the estimated avoided all-cause mortalities were 120 × 103 (95% confidence interval (CI): 67 × 103, 160 × 103) cases and the correspondingly economic benefits ranged from 36 to 64 billion CNY using amended human capital (AHC) and willingness to pay (WTP) method in 2016. If the daily maximum 8-h average concentration of ozone were rolled back to 70 μg/m3, the estimated avoided all-cause mortalities were 160 × 103 (95% CI: 98 × 103, 230 × 103) cases and economic benefits ranged from 54 to 95 billion CNY based on AHC and WTP methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yu Teng
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hongchen Fu
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Jian Mao
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhenxing Ma
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Merched Azzi
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Energy, North Ryde, Australia
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54
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Air pollutants and outpatient visits for cardiovascular disease in a severe haze-fog city: Shijiazhuang, China. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1366. [PMID: 31651288 PMCID: PMC6814061 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have reported the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few of these studies were conducted in severe haze-fog areas. The present study focuses on the impact of different air pollutant concentrations on daily CVD outpatient visits in a severe haze-fog city. Methods Data regarding daily air pollutants and outpatient visits for CVD in 2013 were collected, and the association between six pollutants and CVD outpatient visits was explored using the least squares mean (LSmeans) and logistic regression. Adjustments were made for days of the week, months, air temperature and relative humidity. Results The daily CVD outpatient visits for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) in the 90th-quantile group were increased by 30.01, 29.42, 17.68, 14.98, 29.34%, and − 19.87%, respectively, compared to those in the <10th-quantile group. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the increase in daily CVD outpatient visits in PM10 300- and 500-μg/m3, PM2.5 100- and 300-μg/m3 and CO 3-mg/m3 groups were 2.538 (1.070–6.020), 7.781 (1.681–36.024), 3.298 (1.559–6.976), 8.72 (1.523–49.934), and 5.808 (1.016–33.217), respectively, and their corresponding attributable risk percentages (AR%) were 60.6, 87.15, 69.68, 88.53 and 82.78%, respectively. The strongest associations for PM10, PM2.5 and CO were found only in lag 0 and lag 1. The ORs for the increase in CVD outpatient visits per increase in different units of the six pollutants were also analysed. Conclusions All five air pollutants except O3 were positively associated with the increase in daily CVD outpatient visits in lag 0. The high concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and CO heightened not only the percentage but also the risk of increased daily CVD outpatient visits. PM10, PM2.5 and CO may be the main factors of CVD outpatient visits.
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Feng Z, De Marco A, Anav A, Gualtieri M, Sicard P, Tian H, Fornasier F, Tao F, Guo A, Paoletti E. Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104966. [PMID: 31284106 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
China's economic growth has significantly increased emissions of tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors, resulting in increased regional O3 pollution. We analyzed data from >1400 monitoring stations and estimated the exposure of population and vegetation (crops and forests) to O3 pollution across China in 2015. Based on WHO metrics for human health protection, the current O3 level leads to +0.9% premature mortality (59,844 additional cases a year) with 96% of populated areas showing O3-induced premature death. For vegetation, O3 reduces annual forest tree biomass growth by 11-13% and yield of rice and wheat by 8% and 6%, respectively, relative to conditions below the respective AOT40 critical levels (CL). These CLs are exceeded over 98%, 75% and 83% of the areas of forests, rice and wheat, respectively. Using O3 exposure-response functions, we evaluated the costs of O3-induced losses in rice (7.5 billion US$), wheat (11.1 billion US$) and forest production (52.2 billion US$) and SOMO35-based morbidity for respiratory diseases (690.9 billion US$) and non-accidental mortality (7.5 billion US$), i.e. a total O3-related cost representing 7% of the China Gross Domestic Product in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, 06410 Biot, France; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Hanqin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | | | - Fulu Tao
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anhong Guo
- National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
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Chen C, Saikawa E, Comer B, Mao X, Rutherford D. Ship Emission Impacts on Air Quality and Human Health in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region, China, in 2015, With Projections to 2030. GEOHEALTH 2019; 3:284-306. [PMID: 32159047 PMCID: PMC7038890 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ship emissions contribute to air pollution, increasing the adverse health impacts on people living in coastal cities. We estimated the impacts caused by ship emissions, both on air quality and human health, in 2015 and future (2030) within the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China. In addition, we assessed the potential health benefits of implementing an Emission Control Area (ECA) in the region by predicting avoided premature mortality with and without an ECA. In 2015, ship emissions increased PM2.5 concentrations and O3 mixing ratios by 1.4 μg/m3 and 1.9 ppb, respectively, within the PRD region. This resulted in 466 and 346 excess premature acute deaths from PM2.5 and O3, respectively. Premature mortality from chronic exposures was even more significant, with 2,085 and 852 premature deaths from ship-related PM2.5 and O3, respectively. In 2030, we projected the future ship emissions with and without an ECA, using two possible land scenarios. With an ECA, we predicted 76% reductions in SO2 and 13% reductions in NO x from the shipping sector. Assuming constant land emissions from 2015 in 2030 (2030 Constant scenario), we found that an ECA could avoid 811 PM2.5-related and 108 O3-related deaths from chronic exposures. Using 2030 Projected scenario for land emissions, we found that an ECA would avoid 1,194 PM2.5-related and 160 O3-related premature deaths in 2030. In both scenarios, implementing an ECA resulted in 30% fewer PM2.5-related premature deaths and 10% fewer O3-related premature deaths, illustrating the importance of reducing ship emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
- International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Environmental HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Bryan Comer
- International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Xiaoli Mao
- International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Dan Rutherford
- International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)WashingtonDCUSA
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57
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Wang Q, Ding Z, Sun H, Xu Y. The acute health effects of ozone and PM 2.5 on daily cardiovascular disease mortality: A multi-center time series study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:218-223. [PMID: 30831471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To explore the acute health effects of ozone(O3) and PM2.5 on daily cardiovascular disease mortality in all the cities of Jiangsu province, China. Daily average concentrations of ozone (maximum 8-h average), fine particle matter (PM2.5), meteorological data (including temperature and relative humidity) and daily cardiovascular diseases mortality data were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, in all the 13 cities of Jiangsu Province in China. The time-series model linked with Poisson distribution was used to estimate the correlation between O3 and daily cardiovascular diseases mortality, after adjusting for PM2.5 and other pollutants. Firstly, we evaluated the acute effects of O3 on cardiovascular mortality in each city in Jiangsu province, and then we combined the effects of O3 on cardiovascular disease mortality by meta-analysis. The single-pollutant model indicated that the acute health effects of O3 in different cities were quite different. After combined the effects of 13 cities, the mortality of cardiovascular diseases increased by 0.983%(95%CI:0.588-1.377%)for every 10 μg/m3 increases of O3. O3 showed the strongest effect on 3-day moving average concentration (Lag 0-3). After adjusting PM2.5,NO2, SO2, and CO, the results were still statistically significant at the multi-city level. The study found that O3 had a greater effect on women; the elderly population was susceptible and high-education groups were more vulnerable to O3, although the differences between different subgroups were insignificant. The dose-response curve showed that the mortality of cardiovascular disease increased with the increase of O3. The increase in O3 concentration of atmospheric can increase the daily mortality of cardiovascular diseases in Jiangsu, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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58
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Wu R, Song X, Chen D, Zhong L, Huang X, Bai Y, Hu W, Ye S, Xu H, Feng B, Wang T, Zhu Y, Fang J, Liu S, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang W. Health benefit of air quality improvement in Guangzhou, China: Results from a long time-series analysis (2006-2016). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:552-559. [PMID: 30852442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies on adverse health effects of air pollution have been well documented; however, assessment on health benefits of air quality improvement from air pollution control measures has been limited in developing countries. We assessed the mortality benefits associated with air pollution improvement over 11 years in Guangzhou, China (2006-2016). A time series analysis with Generalized additive Poisson models was used to estimate mortality effects of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), adjusting for time trend, day of week, public holiday, temperature and relative humidity. We further estimated the changes in mortality burden of O3 and NO2, including attributable fraction (AF, in %) and attributable mortality (AM, in number of death) during study period. We lastly estimated mortality effects during the 2010 Asian Games (November 12 to December 18, 2010) compared to a baseline period consisting of 4-week before and 4-week after the game. During the study period, average annual concentrations of NO2 decreased from 42.3 μg/m3 in 2006 to 33.8 μg/m3 in 2016; while O3 levels remained stable over time. We observed significant increases in mortality of O3 and NO2, with approximately linear exposure-response relationships. In specific, each increase of 10 μg/m3 in O3 and NO2 at 2 prior days was associated with increases of 0.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.74) and 1.89% (95%CI: 1.49, 2.29) in total mortality, respectively. We further estimated that AF on total mortality attributed to NO2 decreased from 1.38% (95%CI: 1.09, 1.68) in 2006-2010 to 0.43% (95%CI: 0.34, 0.52) in 2011-2016, corresponding to AM on total mortality of 2496 deaths (95%CI: 1964, 3033) to 1073 deaths (95%CI: 846, 1301). During the 2010 Asian Games, we observed decrease in total mortality of 9.3% (95%CI: -15.0, -3.2) in comparison with that observed in the baseline period. Similar mortality benefits in cardiovascular diseases were also observed. Our results showed reduced mortality burden from air pollution improvement in Guangzhou in recent years, which provide strong rationale for continuing to reduce air pollution through comprehensive and rigorous air quality management in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liuju Zhong
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Government Affairs Service Center of Health Department of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Government Affairs Service Center of Health Department of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqi Ye
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Peking University College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Xu H, Chen J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wang T, Feng B, Wang Y, Liu S, Yi T, Liu S, Wu R, Zhang Q, Fang J, Song X, Rajagopalan S, Li J, Brook RD, Huang W. Ambient air pollution is associated with cardiac repolarization abnormalities in healthy adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:239-246. [PMID: 30690270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been associated with acute cardiovascular events; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We aimed to examine the impacts of ambient air pollutants on cardiac ventricular repolarization in a highly polluted urban region. METHODS Seventy-three healthy non-smoking young adults (66% female, mean age of 23.3 ± 5.4 years) were followed with four repeated 24-h electrocardiogram recordings in 2014-2016 in Beijing, China. Continuous concentrations of ambient particulates in size fractions of 5-560 nm diameter, black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were measured at a fixed-location air pollution monitoring station. Generalized linear mixed models, with adjustment for individual risk factors, time-varying factors and meteorological parameters, were used to evaluate the effects of air pollution on 5-min segments of heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc), an index of cardiac ventricular repolarization. RESULTS During the study period, the mean levels of number concentrations of particulates in size range of 5-560 nm (PNC5-560) were 20,711 particles/cm3. Significant increases in QTc of 0.56% (95% CI: 0.27, 0.84) to 1.76% (95% CI: 0.73, 2.79) were associated with interquartile range increases in PNC50-560 at prior 1-5 moving average days. Significant increases in QTc were also associated with increases in exposures to traffic-related air pollutants (BC, NO2 and CO), a combustion pollutant SO2, and the secondary pollutant O3. The associations were stronger in participants who were male, overweight, with abdominal obesity, and with higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposures to higher levels of ambient particulates in small size fractions and traffic pollutants were associated with cardiac repolarization abnormalities in healthy adults, and the cardio-metabolic risks may modify the adverse cardiac effects attributable to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hospital of Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shengcong Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tieci Yi
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaochi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH 10900, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
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Mbululo Y, Qin J, Yuan Z, Nyihirani F, Zheng X. Boundary layer perspective assessment of air pollution status in Wuhan city from 2013 to 2017. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:69. [PMID: 30643991 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study used daily air pollution data (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) from nine monitoring stations in Wuhan city to calculate the air quality index (AQI) from 2013 to 2017. Together with this data, L-band sounding data, ground meteorological data, and air mass back trajectories were also used to describe the dynamics of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) during pollution process. Analysis of the results shows that, even though the city is still polluted, the number of polluted days was decreasing. Ranking the years in terms of pollution status shows that the year 2013 was the most polluted year while the year 2017 was the cleanest year. Average annual limit of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 during these 5 years were 1.3~1.8, 1.5~2.7, and 1.2~1.5 times higher than the annual average acceptable limit, respectively. The average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 for 5 years was 0.67 which signifies that a significant portion of PM2.5 accounted for the total mass of PM10. Moreover, the condition of ABL during the pollution process shows the dominance of strong ground inversion and weak to calm winds. These conditions are not favorable for horizontal and vertical mixing of air pollutants and prevent dilution of pollutants with clean air. Mean cluster analysis of air mass back trajectory shows that pollutants of local origin were more important than the trans-boundary movement of air pollutants. This indicates that the observed pollution in Wuhan was more of local origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Mbululo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lu Mo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jun Qin
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lu Mo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhengxuan Yuan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lu Mo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fatuma Nyihirani
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lu Mo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Centre for Environment, Poverty and Sustainable Development, Mzumbe University, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lu Mo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Huang WH, Chen BY, Kim H, Honda Y, Guo YL. Significant effects of exposure to relatively low level ozone on daily mortality in 17 cities from three Eastern Asian Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:80-84. [PMID: 30278365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have examined the variation in mortality risk associated with ambient ozone. We conducted an international cooperation study for investigating the non-linear ozone-mortality association accounting for lag effect and for examining the ozone level with significant health effect. METHODS Daily counts of total non-accidental death and ambient air pollutant concentration were obtained in 17 cities from 3 Eastern Asian countries or regions (Taiwan, Korea, and Japan). The total study period was from 1979 to 2010 and differed by city based on data availability. The ozone-mortality association in each city was estimated by running a time-series quasi-Poisson regression model, allowing for overdispersion. The city-specific estimates were then pooled by country by using multivariate random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The non-linear ozone exposure-mortality response curves were generated in 17 cities from Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. The association curves in the three countries all showed increased mortality with elevated ozone, and the significant mortality effects of ozone exposure were observed at level higher than 40, 50, and 40 ppb for Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, respectively. These associations are unaffected by co-pollutant of particulate matter in Taiwan and Japan. But the potential confounding effect of co-pollutant could not be ignorable in Korea. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that exposure to a relative low level of ambient ozone is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Our results emphasize the continual need to examine the existing standard by documenting potential human adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Heng Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wu R, Zhong L, Huang X, Xu H, Liu S, Feng B, Wang T, Song X, Bai Y, Wu F, Wang X, Huang W. Temporal variations in ambient particulate matter reduction associated short-term mortality risks in Guangzhou, China: A time-series analysis (2006-2016). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:491-498. [PMID: 30029124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and daily mortality; however, little is known about temporal variations in ambient air pollution associated mortality risks, particularly in developing countries with limited long time-series air monitoring data. In present study, we assessed the associations and temporal relationships between ambient PM and daily mortality in Guangzhou, China, during 2006-2016. With this unique 11-year dataset, we related daily concentrations of PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM10-2.5) and <10 μm (PM10) to daily mortality in Guangzhou. We applied overdispersed Poisson regression with adjustment for time trend and potential confounding factors. Multiple level sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of main results. Between 2006 and 2016, annual concentrations of PM2.5 decreased by 50.8% to 27.0 μg/m3, of PM10-2.5 by 27.6% to 16.2 μg/m3, and of PM10 by 44.1% to 43.3 μg/m3 in Guangzhou. In this study, per 10 μg/m3 increases in mean concentrations at current day and 6 prior days of death (lag06), we observed increases in total mortality risks of 0.55% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.24%, 0.86%) for PM2.5, 0.99% (95%CI: 0.48%, 1.50%) for PM10-2.5, and 0.44% (95%CI: 0.22%, 0.65%) for PM10. Stronger associations were observed for ambient PM on cardio-respiratory mortality and people at age ≥ 65 years. Despite drastic reductions in annual PM levels, PM2.5 associated cardiovascular and respiratory mortality risks remained significant at 1.26% (95%CI: 0.19%, 2.35%) and 1.91% (95%CI: 0.25%, 3.60%) during 2014-2016. Further, PM2.5 and PM10 associated respiratory mortality risks showed increasing trend over time (p-value = 0.03 for PM2.5). In summary, though ambient PM levels decreased substantially in Guangzhou in recent years, PM2.5 and PM10 associated cardio-respiratory mortality risks remained significant and respiratory mortality risks even increased. Our findings provide strong rationale for continuation of ambient air pollution control effort for public health protection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liuju Zhong
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Government Affairs Service Center of Health Department of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Bose M, Larson T, Szpiro AA. Adaptive predictive principal components for modeling multivariate air pollution. ENVIRONMETRICS 2018; 29:e2525. [PMID: 32581623 PMCID: PMC7313718 DOI: 10.1002/env.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution monitoring locations are typically spatially misaligned with locations of participants in a cohort study, so to analyze pollution-health associations, exposures must be predicted at subject locations. For a pollution measure like PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) comprised of multiple chemical components, the predictive principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm derives a low-dimensional representation of component profiles for use in health analyses. Geographic covariates and spatial splines help determine the principal component loadings of the pollution data to give improved prediction accuracy of the principal component scores. While predictive PCA can accommodate pollution data of arbitrary dimension, it is currently limited to a small number of pre-selected geographic covariates. We propose an adaptive predictive PCA algorithm, which automatically identifies a combination of covariates that is most informative in choosing the principal component directions in the pollutant space. We show that adaptive predictive PCA improves the accuracy of multi-pollutant exposure predictions at subject locations.
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Liu Y, Cui L, Hou L, Yu C, Tao N, Liu J, Li Y, Zhou C, Yang G, Li H. Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jinan, China: A Time Series Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17411. [PMID: 30479352 PMCID: PMC6258663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the associations of ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2),nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO)) in relation to the risk of pulmonary TB in a cohort of Chinese TB patient in Jinan city from 2011 to 2015. A total of 9344 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB cases were included. Poisson regression model was employed to estimate the risk of air pollution and daily diagnosed pulmonary TB. Four different air pollution exposure windows (3, 6, 9, and 12 months) before TB diagnoses were calculated from the daily concentration of air pollution. In overall analysis, we did not find strong evidence for an association between continuous exposures to most ambient air pollutants and risk for pulmonary TB. However, in categorical analysis, we observed statistically significant overall associations between pulmonary TB risk and PM2.5 (3 month exposure window: RR = 1.228, 95%CI: 1.091-1.381) as well as CO (3 month exposure window: RR = 1.169, 95%CI: 1.028-1.329; 9 month exposure window: RR = 1.442, 95%CI: 1.028-2.024) exposures. Moreover, subgroup analyses suggested that most of the air pollutants (PM2.5, SO2, O3, and CO) were significantly associated with increased risk of TB among the males, the females, the <60 years, and the smear negative cases. The dominant statistically significant associations were detected at 3-month exposure window of air pollution before the diagnosis of TB. Our results detected positive associations between ambient PM2.5, CO exposures and the risk of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB in China. The suggestive evidence that the 3 month air pollution exposure window was associated with increased TB risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - LiangLiang Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - LuJian Hou
- Jinan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - ChunBao Yu
- Shandong Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - NingNing Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - JinYue Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - YiFan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - ChengChao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - GuoRu Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Weifang No.2 People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - HuaiChen Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Li Y, Shang Y, Zheng C, Ma Z. Estimated Acute Effects of Ozone on Mortality in a Rural District of Beijing, China, 2005⁻2013: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112460. [PMID: 30400565 PMCID: PMC6266742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ozone (O3) has adverse impacts on human health. In China, O3 levels have continued to increase since 2010. When compared to the large number of studies concerning the health effects of PM2.5 in China, there have been limited explorations of the effects of O3. The Beijing region has one of the highest O3 concentrations in the country, but there appear to be no published studies regarding the health effects of O3 in Beijing. In this study, we applied a time-stratified case-crossover design to explore the effects of O3 on cause-specific mortality for a rural location near Beijing over the period 2005–2013. For year-round effects, we found that for all-causes mortality, with a 10-unit increase in O3 concentration, the odds ratios (ORs) were in the range of 1.009–1.020 for different lag days. The ORs for cardiovascular mortality with a 10-unit increase in O3 concentration were in the range of 1.011–1.017 for different lag days. For warm season effects, the ORs with a 10-unit increase in O3 concentration for all-cause mortality were in the range of 1.025–1.031 for different lag days. The ORs for cardiovascular mortality with a 10-unit increase of O3 concentration were in the range of 1.020–1.024 for different lag days. Our findings fill a knowledge gap that has hitherto existed in studies regarding O3 health impacts, and our results will strengthen the rationale for O3 control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China.
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Huang J, Li G, Xu G, Qian X, Zhao Y, Pan X, Huang J, Cen Z, Liu Q, He T, Guo X. The burden of ozone pollution on years of life lost from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a city of Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1266-1273. [PMID: 30121480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ambient ozone is one of the most important air pollutants with respect to its impacts on human health and its increasing concentrations globally. However, studies which explored the burden of ozone pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and estimated the relevant economic loss were rare. OBJECTIVE We explored the relationships between ambient ozone exposure and years of life lost (YLL) from COPD mortality and estimated the relevant economic loss in Ningbo, in the Yangtze River Delta of China, 2011-2015. METHODS A time-series study was conducted to explore the effects of ozone on YLL from COPD. Seasonal stratified analyses were performed, and the effect modification of demographic factors was estimated. In addition, the related economic loss was calculated using the method of the value per statistical life year (VSLY). RESULTS Averaged daily mean maximum 8-h average ozone concentration was 40.90 ppb in Ningbo, China, 2011-2015. The effect of short term ambient ozone exposure on COPD YLL was more pronounced in the cool season than in the warm season, with 10 ppb increment of ozone corresponding to 7.09(95%CI: 3.41, 10.78) years increase in the cool season and 0.31 (95%CI: -2.15, 2.77) years change in the warm season. The effect was higher in the elderly than the young. Economic loss due to excess COPD YLL related to ozone exposure accounted for 7.30% of the total economic loss due to COPD YLL in Ningbo during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that ozone exposure was related to tremendous disease burden of COPD in Ningbo, China. The effects were more pronounced in the cool season, and the elderly were more susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 237 Yongfeng Road, 315010, Ningbo, China
| | - Xujun Qian
- Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting Street, 315010, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Mathematics, ZhejiangWanli University, 8 Qianhu South Road, 315100, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongdi Cen
- Institute of Mathematics, ZhejiangWanli University, 8 Qianhu South Road, 315100, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfeng He
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 237 Yongfeng Road, 315010, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Luong LMT, Phung D, Dang TN, Sly PD, Morawska L, Thai PK. Seasonal association between ambient ozone and hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi, Vietnam. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203751. [PMID: 30248114 PMCID: PMC6152873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have indicated the detrimental effect of ambient ozone to respiratory health in different countries. The levels of ozone in Hanoi, Vietnam are frequently above the WHO guideline but very few studies on the effects of ambient ozone on human health have been conducted in this location. This study aimed to examine the effects of ozone on hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi, by diseases, ages and seasons. METHODS Hospital admissions, air pollutants and meteorological data were collected from January 2010 to June 2014. We used generalized linear models and distributed lag linear model to assess the association. In addition to full year analysis, we conducted restricted analysis of the data for two summer (from June-August) and winter (from December-February) seasons and grouped hospital admissions by diseases and ages (all ages, children 0 to 5 years and elderly >65 years). The delayed effect of ozone was assessed using lags of up to 5 days. RESULTS Ozone has a stronger effect on the risk of hospital admission for respiratory diseases and wheeze-associated disorders in the winter. For respiratory diseases, children were affected by ozone more than other age groups in both winter and summer. Each increase of 10 μg/m3 of ozone is associated with an increase of 6.2% risk of admission for respiratory disease among children in the winter and 1.2% in the summer. For wheeze-associated disorders, the elderly group seemed to be more affected by ozone in full year and winter but no significant association was found between ozone and admission for wheeze-associated diseases in any age group. CONCLUSIONS Ozone is a risk factor for respiratory admission, especially amongst children under 5 years old in Hanoi, and ozone has a stronger effect in the winter than in the summer in this city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly M. T. Luong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tran Ngoc Dang
- The Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phong K. Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Characteristics of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure during PM2.5 and Ozone Pollution Events in Wuhan, China. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated six air pollutants from 21 monitoring stations scattered throughout Wuhan city by analyzing meteorological variables in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and air mass backward trajectories from HYSPLIT during the pollution events. Together with this, ground meteorological variables were also used throughout the investigation period: 1 December 2015 to 30 November 2016. Analysis results during this period show that the city was polluted in winter by PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamics of less than 2.5 microns) and in summer by ozone (O3). The most polluted day during the investigation period was 25 December 2015 with an air quality index (AQI) of 330 which indicates ‘severe pollution’, while the cleanest day was 26 August 2016 with an AQI of 27 indicating ‘excellent’ air quality. The average concentration of PM2.5 (O3) on the most polluted day was 265.04 (135.82) µg/m3 and 9.10 (86.40) µg/m3 on the cleanest day. Moreover, the percentage of days which exceeded the daily average limit of NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3 for the whole year was 2.46%, 14.48%, 23.50%, and 39.07%, respectively, while SO2 and CO were found to be below the set daily limit. The analysis of ABL during PM2.5 pollution events showed the existence of a strong inversion layer, low relative humidity, and calm wind. These observed conditions are not favorable for horizontal and vertical dispersion of air pollutants and therefore result in pollutant accumulation. Likewise, ozone pollution events were accompanied by extended sunshine hours, high temperature, a calm wind, a strongly suspended inversion layer, and zero recorded rainfall. These general characteristics are favorable for photochemical production of ozone and accumulation of pollutants. Apart from the conditions of ABL, the results from backward trajectories suggest trans-boundary movement of air masses to be one of the important factors which determines the air quality of Wuhan.
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Wu R, Song X, Bai Y, Chen J, Zhao Q, Liu S, Xu H, Wang T, Feng B, Zhang Y, Zhong L, Wang X, Wu F, Huang W. Are current Chinese national ambient air quality standards on 24-hour averages for particulate matter sufficient to protect public health? J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:67-75. [PMID: 30195691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid economic development and urbanization in recent decades, China has experienced the worsening of ambient air quality. For better air quality management to protect human health, Chinese government revised national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) in 2012 (GB3095-2012). To assess the effectiveness of current NAAQS for PM on public health in Chinese population, we conducted a meta-analysis on published studies examining the mortality risk of short-term exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5μm (PM10 and PM2.5) in China. The reported 24-hour concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in studies ranged from 43.5 to 150.1μg/m3 and 37.5 to 176.7μg/m3. In the pooled excess, mortality risk estimates of short-term exposure to PM. In specific, per 10μg/m3 increase in PM10, we observed increases of 0.40% (95%CI: 0.33%, 0.47%), 0.57% (95%CI: 0.44%, 0.70%) and 0.49% (95%CI: 0.40%, 0.58%) in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, per 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, we observed increases of 0.51% (95%CI: 0.38%, 0.63%), 0.62% (95%CI: 0.52%, 0.73%) and 0.75% (95%CI: 0.54%, 0.95%) in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Finally, we derived 125μg/m3 for PM10 and 62.5μg/m3 for PM2.5 as 24-hour recommendation values based on the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that current Chinese NAAQS for PM could be sufficient in mitigating the excess mortality risk from short-term exposure to ambient PM. However, future research on long-term exposure cohort studies in Chinese population is also essential in revising annual averages for PM in Chinese NAAQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liuju Zhong
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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70
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Ran J, Qiu H, Sun S, Tian L. Short-term effects of ambient benzene and TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene combined) on cardiorespiratory mortality in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:91-98. [PMID: 29730534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of the criteria air pollutants on population health, including particulate matters, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide. However, evidence on health effects of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX in short) is insufficient. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to assess the exposure-lag-response relations of ambient BTEX components with cardiorespiratory mortality in Hong Kong population. METHODS Daily BTEX concentrations from April 2011 to December 2014 were collected from the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department. Cause-specific mortality records were obtained from the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. Generalized additive model (GAM) integrated with a distributed lag model (DLM) was used to estimate the excess risks of cardiorespiratory mortality associated with the cumulative exposure to benzene and TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene combined) over 0-9 lag days, while adjusting for time trend, seasonality, weather conditions and calendar effects. RESULTS We observed the delayed and distributed lag effects of BTEX components on circulatory mortality. The cumulative exposures over 0-9 lag days for IQR increments of benzene (1.4 μg/m3) and TEX (7.9 μg/m3) were associated with 5.8% (95%CI: 1.0% to 10.8%) and 3.5% (95%CI: 1.0% to 6.1%) increases in circulatory mortality, respectively. The effect estimates of benzene and TEX were more delayed than that of PM2.5. We didn't observe any significant association of BTEX exposure on total and respiratory deaths. CONCLUSIONS Short-term elevations in ambient BTEX concentrations may trigger circulatory mortality in Hong Kong population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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71
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Schwartz J, Fong K, Zanobetti A. A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on Mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087004. [PMID: 30235421 PMCID: PMC6375387 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have long associated [Formula: see text] with daily mortality, but few applied causal-modeling methods, or at low exposures. Short-term exposure to [Formula: see text], a marker of local traffic, has also been associated with mortality but is less studied. We previously found a causal effect between local air pollution and mortality in Boston. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the causal effects of local pollution, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on mortality in 135 U.S. cities. METHODS We used three methods which, under different assumptions, provide causal marginal estimates of effect: a marginal structural model, an instrumental variable analysis, and a negative exposure control. The instrumental approach used planetary boundary layer, wind speed, and air pressure as instruments for concentrations of local pollutants; the marginal structural model separated the effects of [Formula: see text] from the effects of [Formula: see text], and the negative exposure control provided protection against unmeasured confounders. RESULTS In 7.3 million deaths, the instrumental approach estimated that mortality increased 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1%, 2.0%] per [Formula: see text] increase in local pollution indexed as [Formula: see text]. The negative control exposure was not associated with mortality. Restricting our analysis to days with [Formula: see text] below [Formula: see text], we found a 1.70% (95% CI 1.11%, 2.29%) increase. With marginal structural models, we found positive significant increases in deaths with both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. On days with [Formula: see text] below [Formula: see text], we found a 0.83% (95% CI 0.39%, 1.27%) increase. Including negative exposure controls changed estimates minimally. CONCLUSIONS Causal-modeling techniques, each subject to different assumptions, demonstrated causal effects of locally generated pollutants on daily deaths with effects at concentrations below the current EPA daily [Formula: see text] standard. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelvin Fong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen K, Fiore AM, Chen R, Jiang L, Jones B, Schneider A, Peters A, Bi J, Kan H, Kinney PL. Future ozone-related acute excess mortality under climate and population change scenarios in China: A modeling study. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002598. [PMID: 29969446 PMCID: PMC6029756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is likely to further worsen ozone pollution in already heavily polluted areas, leading to increased ozone-related health burdens. However, little evidence exists in China, the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter and most populated country. As China is embracing an aging population with changing population size and falling age-standardized mortality rates, the potential impact of population change on ozone-related health burdens is unclear. Moreover, little is known about the seasonal variation of ozone-related health burdens under climate change. We aimed to assess near-term (mid-21st century) future annual and seasonal excess mortality from short-term exposure to ambient ozone in 104 Chinese cities under 2 climate and emission change scenarios and 6 population change scenarios. METHODS AND FINDINGS We collected historical ambient ozone observations, population change projections, and baseline mortality rates in 104 cities across China during April 27, 2013, to October 31, 2015 (2013-2015), which included approximately 13% of the total population of mainland China. Using historical ozone monitoring data, we performed bias correction and spatially downscaled future ozone projections at a coarse spatial resolution (2.0° × 2.5°) for the period April 27, 2053, to October 31, 2055 (2053-2055), from a global chemistry-climate model to a fine spatial resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) under 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): RCP4.5, a moderate global warming and emission scenario where global warming is between 1.5°C and 2.0°C, and RCP8.5, a high global warming and emission scenario where global warming exceeds 2.0°C. We then estimated the future annual and seasonal ozone-related acute excess mortality attributable to both climate and population changes using cause-specific, age-group-specific, and season-specific concentration-response functions (CRFs). We used Monte Carlo simulations to obtain empirical confidence intervals (eCIs), quantifying the uncertainty in CRFs and the variability across ensemble members (i.e., 3 predictions of future climate and air quality from slightly different starting conditions) of the global model. Estimates of future changes in annual ozone-related mortality are sensitive to the choice of global warming and emission scenario, decreasing under RCP4.5 (-24.0%) due to declining ozone precursor emissions but increasing under RCP8.5 (10.7%) due to warming climate in 2053-2055 relative to 2013-2015. Higher ambient ozone occurs under the high global warming and emission scenario (RCP8.5), leading to an excess 1,476 (95% eCI: 898 to 2,977) non-accidental deaths per year in 2053-2055 relative to 2013-2015. Future ozone-related acute excess mortality from cardiovascular diseases was 5-8 times greater than that from respiratory diseases. Ozone concentrations increase by 15.1 parts per billion (10-9) in colder months (November to April), contributing to a net yearly increase of 22.3% (95% eCI: 7.7% to 35.4%) in ozone-related mortality under RCP8.5. An aging population, with the proportion of the population aged 65 years and above increased from 8% in 2010 to 24%-33% in 2050, will substantially amplify future ozone-related mortality, leading to a net increase of 23,838 to 78,560 deaths (110% to 363%). Our analysis was mainly limited by using a single global chemistry-climate model and the statistical downscaling approach to project ozone changes under climate change. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows increased future ozone-related acute excess mortality under the high global warming and emission scenario RCP8.5 for an aging population in China. Comparison with the lower global warming and emission scenario RCP4.5 suggests that climate change mitigation measures are needed to prevent a rising health burden from exposure to ambient ozone pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arlene M. Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America
| | - Renjie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiwen Jiang
- Asian Demographic Research Institute, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Bryan Jones
- Marxe School of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick L. Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi O. Cardiorespiratory health effects of gaseous ambient air pollution exposure in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2018; 17:41. [PMID: 29669550 PMCID: PMC5907176 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of research on the effects of gaseous pollutants (nitrogen oxides [NOx], sulfur dioxide [SO2], carbon monoxide [CO] and ozone [O3]) in the ambient environment on health outcomes from within low and middle income countries (LMICs) is leading to reliance on results from studies performed within high income countries (HICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the cardiorespiratory health effects of gaseous pollutants in LMICs exclusively. METHODS Systematic searching was carried out and estimates pooled by pollutant, lag and outcome, and presented as excess relative risk per 10 μg/m3 (NOx, SO2, O3) or 1 ppm (CO) increase pollutant. Sub-group analysis was performed examining estimates by specific outcomes, city and co-pollutant adjustment. RESULTS Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria, most (44) from the East Asia and Pacific region. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same day NOx was associated with 0.92% (95% CI: 0.44, 1.39), and 0.70% (0.01, 1.40) increases in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality respectively, same day NOx was not associated with morbidity. Same day sulfur dioxide was associated with 0.73% (0.04, 1.42) and 0.50% (0.01, 1.00) increases in respiratory morbidity and in cardiovascular mortality respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acute exposure to gaseous ambient air pollution (AAP) is associated with increases in morbidity and mortality in LMICs, with greatest associations observed for cardiorespiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Om Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Acute effects of air pollution on respiratory disease mortalities and outpatients in Southeastern China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3461. [PMID: 29472599 PMCID: PMC5823896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between air pollutants and respiratory diseases (RDs). Generalized additive models were used to analyze the effect of air pollutants on mortalities or outpatient visits. The average concentrations of air pollutants in Hangzhou (HZ) were 1.6–2.8 times higher than those in Zhoushan (ZS), except for O3. In a single pollutant model, the increased concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were strongly associated with deaths caused by RD in HZ, while PM2.5 and O3 were associated with deaths caused by RD in ZS. All air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3) were strongly associated with outpatient visits for RD in both HZ and ZS. In multiple pollutant models, a significant association was only observed between PM2.5 and the mortality rate of RD patients in both HZ and in ZS. Moreover, strong associations between SO2, NO2, and outpatient visits for RD were observed in HZ and ZS. This study has provided evidence that both the mortality rates and outpatient visits for RD were significantly associated with air pollutants. Furthermore, the results showed that different air pollutant levels lead to regional differences between mortality rates and outpatient visits.
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Rasche M, Walther M, Schiffner R, Kroegel N, Rupprecht S, Schlattmann P, Schulze PC, Franzke P, Witte OW, Schwab M, Rakers F. Rapid increases in nitrogen oxides are associated with acute myocardial infarction: A case-crossover study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1707-1716. [PMID: 29446990 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318755804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims High concentrations of air pollutants are associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction. The European Union has defined statutory limits for air pollutants based on upper absolute concentrations. We evaluated the association between rapid changes in air pollutants and the risk of myocardial infarction independently of absolute concentrations. Methods and results Using a hospital-based case-crossover study, effects of 24h changes of nitrogen oxides (NOX/2), particulate matter (PM10), and ozone on the risk of myocardial infarction was assessed in 693 patients. In the overall population, increases of NOX of more than 20 µg/m3 within 24 h were associated with an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction by up to 121% (odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-4.08). Comparably, rapid increases of NO2 of more than 8 µg/m3 tended to increase myocardial infarction risk by 73% (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.91-3.28) while myocardial infarction risk decreased by 60% after a decrease of NO2 concentration of more than 8 µg/m3 (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.21-0.77), suggesting a close-to-linear association. While results for ozone concentrations were ambiguous, rapid change in PM10 was not associated with myocardial infarction risk. Conclusion Dynamics and extent of increase in nitrogen oxide concentrations may be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. As there are currently no European Union statutory limits reflecting this dynamic variation of air pollutants on a daily basis, the results urgently call for confirming studies in different geographical regions to verify the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Rasche
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Walther
- 2 Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, University Hospital Jena, Germany.,3 Department of Fundamental Sciences, Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Rene Schiffner
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Nasim Kroegel
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rupprecht
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- 2 Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | | | - Peter Franzke
- 5 Department of Neurology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Rakers
- 1 Hans Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Germany.,6 Department of Psychiatry, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
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Tian Y, Xiang X, Juan J, Song J, Cao Y, Huang C, Li M, Hu Y. Short-term Effect of Ambient Ozone on Daily Emergency Room Visits in Beijing, China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2775. [PMID: 29426845 PMCID: PMC5807436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the acute effects of ozone on morbidity risk in China. We conducted a time-series study to examine the association between ozone and daily emergency room visits (ERVs) in Beijing, China. We identified 7,088,309 ERVs between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. A generalized additive model with Poisson regression incorporating penalized spline functions was employed to analyze ERVs in association with daily 8-h maximum ozone concentrations. An increase of 10 μg/m3 of same-day ozone concentration was significantly associated with a 0.24% (95% CI, 0.21%–0.26%), 0.31% (95% CI, 0.27%–0.35%), and 0.43% (95% CI, 0.36%–0.50%) increase in daily ERVs for the whole study period, days when the daily 8-h maximum ozone met the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) Grade II standard, and days that met the CAAQS Grade I standard, respectively. These results were robust when considering the potential confounding effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO. In conclusion, our findings suggested significant effects of ozone exposure on daily ERVs in Beijing. Improving air quality with even lower ozone level than the current CAAQS could yield important public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Juan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
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The Association between Air Pollution and Outpatient and Inpatient Visits in Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020178. [PMID: 29360738 PMCID: PMC5858253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, air pollution is a severe environmental problem in China. To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on health, a time series analysis of daily outpatient and inpatient visits in 2015 were conducted in Shenzhen (China). Generalized additive model was employed to analyze associations between six air pollutants (namely SO2, CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) and daily outpatient and inpatient visits after adjusting confounding meteorological factors, time and day of the week effects. Significant associations between air pollutants and two types of hospital visits were observed. The estimated increase in overall outpatient visits associated with each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration ranged from 0.48% (O3 at lag 2) to 11.48% (SO2 with 2-day moving average); for overall inpatient visits ranged from 0.73% (O3 at lag 7) to 17.13% (SO2 with 8-day moving average). Our results also suggested a heterogeneity of the health effects across different outcomes and in different populations. The findings in present study indicate that even in Shenzhen, a less polluted area in China, significant associations exist between air pollution and daily number of overall outpatient and inpatient visits.
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Li H, Wu S, Pan L, Xu J, Shan J, Yang X, Dong W, Deng F, Chen Y, Shima M, Guo X. Short-term effects of various ozone metrics on cardiopulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: Results from a panel study in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:358-366. [PMID: 28987568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with lower pulmonary function and higher blood pressure (BP). However, controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient multiple daily ozone (O3) metrics and cardiopulmonary health outcomes, especially in the developing countries. OBJECTIVES To investigate and compare the short-term effects of various O3 metrics on pulmonary function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and BP in a panel study of COPD patients. METHODS We measured pulmonary function, FeNO and BP repeatedly in a total of 43 patients with COPD for 215 home visits. Daily hourly ambient O3 concentrations were obtained from central-monitoring stations close to subject residences. We calculated various O3 metrics [daily 1-h maximum (O3-1 h max), maximum 8-h average (O3-8 h max) and 24-h average (O3-24 h avg)] based on the hourly data. Daily indoor O3 concentrations were estimated based on estimated indoor/outdoor O3 ratios. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate associations of various O3 metrics with cardiopulmonary function variables. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in ambient O3-8 h max (80.5 μg/m3, 5-d) was associated with a 5.9% (95%CI: -11.0%, -0.7%) reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and a 6.2% (95%CI: -10.9%, -1.5%) reduction in peak expiratory flow (PEF). However, there were no significant negative associations between ambient O3-1 h max, O3-24 h avg and FEV1, PEF. An IQR increase in ambient O3-1 h max (85.3 μg/m3, 6-d) was associated with a 6.7 mmHg (95%CI: 0.7, 12.7) increase in systolic BP. The estimated indoor O3 were still significantly associated with reduction of FEV1 and PEF. No significant associations were found between various O3 metrics and FeNO. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide clues for the adverse cardiopulmonary effects associated with various O3 metrics in COPD patients and highlight that O3-8 h max was more closely associated with respiratory health variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Shan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yahong Chen
- Respiratory Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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79
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Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e368-e380. [PMID: 29851649 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most prospective studies on the health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure have focused on high-income countries, which have much lower pollutant concentrations than low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and different sources of pollution. We aimed to investigate the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs exclusively. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Global Health, and Proquest for studies published between database inception and Nov 28, 2016, investigating the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs. Data were extracted from published studies by one author, and then checked and verified by all authors independently. We pooled estimates by pollutant type (particulate matter with a diameter of <2·5 μm [PM2·5] or 2·5-10 μm [PM10]), lag, and outcome, and presented them as excess relative risk per 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate ambient air pollution. We used a random-effects model to derive overall excess risk. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016051733. FINDINGS Of 1553 studies identified, 91 met the full eligibility criteria. Only four long-term exposure studies from China were identified and not included in the meta-analysis. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM2·5 was associated with a 0·47% (95% CI 0·34-0·61) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·57% (0·28-0·86) increase in respiratory mortality. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM10 was associated with a 0·27% (0·11-0·44) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·56% (0·24-0·87) increase in respiratory mortality. INTERPRETATION Short-term exposure to particulate ambient air pollution is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in LMIC's, with apparent regional-specific variations. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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80
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Yin P, Chen R, Wang L, Meng X, Liu C, Niu Y, Lin Z, Liu Y, Liu J, Qi J, You J, Zhou M, Kan H. Ambient Ozone Pollution and Daily Mortality: A Nationwide Study in 272 Chinese Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:117006. [PMID: 29212061 PMCID: PMC5947936 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few large multicity studies have been conducted in developing countries to address the acute health effects of atmospheric ozone pollution. OBJECTIVE We explored the associations between ozone and daily cause-specific mortality in China. METHODS We performed a nationwide time-series analysis in 272 representative Chinese cities between 2013 and 2015. We used distributed lag models and over-dispersed generalized linear models to estimate the cumulative effects of ozone (lagged over 0-3 d) on mortality in each city, and we used hierarchical Bayesian models to combine the city-specific estimates. Regional, seasonal, and demographic heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regression. RESULTS At the national-average level, a 10-μg/m3 increase in 8-h maximum ozone concentration was associated with 0.24% [95% posterior interval (PI): 0.13%, 0.35%], 0.27% (95% PI: 0.10%, 0.44%), 0.60% (95% PI: 0.08%, 1.11%), 0.24% (95% PI: 0.02%, 0.46%), and 0.29% (95% PI: 0.07%, 0.50%) higher daily mortality from all nonaccidental causes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary diseases, and stroke, respectively. Associations between ozone and daily mortality due to respiratory and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease specifically were positive but imprecise and nonsignificant. There were no statistically significant differences in associations between ozone and nonaccidental mortality according to region, season, age, sex, or educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide robust evidence of higher nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in association with short-term exposure to ambient ozone in China. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Security, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technique Assessment, School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Security, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technique Assessment, School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Security, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technique Assessment, School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Security, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technique Assessment, School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling You
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Security, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technique Assessment, School of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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81
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Xia X, Zhang A, Liang S, Qi Q, Jiang L, Ye Y. The Association between Air Pollution and Population Health Risk for Respiratory Infection: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14090950. [PMID: 28832531 PMCID: PMC5615487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, most of the research on air pollution and its adverse effects on public health in China has focused on megacities and heavily-polluted regions. Fewer studies have focused on cities that are slightly polluted. Shenzhen used to have a favorable air environment, but its air quality has deteriorated gradually as a result of development in recent years. So far, no systematic investigations have been conducted on the adverse effects of air pollution on public health in Shenzhen. This research has applied a time series analysis model to study the possible association between different types of air pollution and respiratory hospital admission in Shenzhen in 2013. Respiratory hospital admission was divided into two categories for comparison analysis among various population groups: acute upper respiratory infection and acute lower respiratory infection. The results showed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was significantly associated with acute respiratory infection hospital admission in Shenzhen in 2013. Children under 14 years old were the main susceptible population of acute respiratory infection due to air pollution. PM10, PM2.5 and NO₂ were the primary air pollutants threatening respiratory health in Shenzhen. Though air pollution level is generally relatively low in Shenzhen, it will benefit public health to control the pollution of particulate matter as well as other gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xia
- College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shi Liang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Qingwen Qi
- College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yanjun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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82
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Liu Y, Xie S, Yu Q, Huo X, Ming X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Peng Z, Zhang H, Cui X, Xiang H, Huang X, Zhou T, Chen W, Shi T. Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yichang city, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:116-124. [PMID: 28458242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with pediatric hospital admissions and emergency room visits for certain respiratory diseases; however, there is limited evidence on the association between short-term air pollution exposure and pediatric outpatient visits. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. We conducted a time-series study in Yichang city, China between Jan 1, 2014 and Dec 31, 2015. Daily counts of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits were collected from 3 large hospitals, and then linked with air pollution data from 5 air quality monitoring stations by date. We used generalized additive Poisson models to conduct linear and nonlinear exposure-response analyses between air pollutant exposures and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits, adjusting for seasonality, day of week, public holiday, temperature, and relative humidity. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (lag 0), PM10 (lag 0), NO2 (lag 0), CO (lag 0), and O3 (lag 4) concentrations was significantly associated with a 1.91% (95% CI: 0.60%, 3.23%), 2.46% (1.09%, 3.85%), 1.88% (0.49%, 3.29%), 2.00% (0.43%, 3.59%), and 1.91% (0.45%, 3.39%) increase of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits, respectively. Similarly, the nonlinear exposure-response analyses showed monotonic increases of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits by increasing air pollutant exposures, though the associations for NO2 and CO attenuated at higher concentrations. These associations were unlikely modified by season. We did not observe significant association for SO2 exposure. Our results suggest that short-term exposures to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, and O3 may account for increased risk of pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases, and emphasize the needs for reduction of air pollutant exposures for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Xixiang Huo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ming
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuqing Cui
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiji Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Elevated ground-level ozone (O3), which is an important aspect of air quality related to public health, has been causing increasing concern. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of ground-level O3 concentrations in China using a dataset from the Chinese national air quality monitoring network during 2013-2015. This research analyzed the diurnal, monthly and yearly variation of O3 concentrations in both sparsely and densely populated regions. In particular, 6 major Chinese cities were selected to allow a discussion of variations in O3 levels in detail, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Lanzhou, Shanghai, and Urumchi, located on both sides of the Heihe-Tengchong line. Data showed that the nationwide 3-year MDA8 of ground-level O3 was 80.26 μg/m3. Ground-level O3 concentrations exhibited monthly variability peaking in summer and reaching the lowest levels in winter. The diurnal cycle reached a minimum in morning and peaked in the afternoon. Yearly average O3 MDA8 concentrations in Beijing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, and Shanghai in 2015 increased 12%, 25%, 34%, 22%, respectively, when compared with those in 2013. Compared with World Health Organization O3 guidelines, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Shanghai suffered O3 pollution in excess of the 8-hour O3 standard for more than 30% of the days in 2013 to 2015.
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84
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Sun J, Barnes AJ, He D, Wang M, Wang J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Disease in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E646. [PMID: 28621760 PMCID: PMC5486332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the quantitative effects of short-term exposure of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on respiratory disease (RD) mortality and RD hospital admission in China through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 29 publications were finally selected from searches in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases. Generic inverse variance method was used to pool effect estimates. Pooled estimates were used to represent the increased risk of RD mortality and RD hospital admission per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration. Results: Positive correlations were found between short-term NO₂ exposure and RD in China. RD mortality and RD hospital admission respectively increased by 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1%, 1.7%) and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5%, 1.5%) per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration. Differences were observed across geographic regions of China. The risk of RD mortality due to NO₂ was higher in the southern region (1.7%) than in the north (0.7%). Conclusions: Evidence was found that short-term exposure to NO₂ was associated with an increased risk of RD mortality and RD hospital admission in China and these risks were more pronounced in the southern regions of the country, due in part to a larger proportion of elderly persons with increased susceptibility to NO₂ in the population compared with the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 E Main St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Dongyang He
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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85
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Qin L, Gu J, Liang S, Fang F, Bai W, Liu X, Zhao T, Walline J, Zhang S, Cui Y, Xu Y, Lin H. Seasonal association between ambient ozone and mortality in Zhengzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1003-1010. [PMID: 27981338 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Different seasonal health effects of ambient ozone (O3) have been reported in previous studies. This might be due to inappropriate adjustment of temperature in different seasons. We used daily data on non-accidental mortality and ambient air pollution in Zhengzhou from January 19, 2013 to June 30, 2015. Season-stratified analyses using generalized additive models were conducted to evaluate the seasonal associations with adjustment of temperature with different lagged days (lag0-1 for warm season, lag0-14 for cold season). We recorded a total of 70,443 non-accidental deaths in Zhengzhou during the study period. Significant associations were observed between ambient O3 and mortality in cold season. Every 10-μg/m3 increment of 24-h O3 of 1-day lagged time was associated with a 1.38% (95% CI 0.60, 2.16%) increase in all cause mortality, 1.35% (95% CI 0.41, 2.30%) increase in cardiovascular mortality, and 1.78% (95% CI 0.43, 3.14%) increase in respiratory mortality. Similar associations were observed when using daily 1- and 8-h maximum concentrations of O3. No significant association was found during warm season. This study suggests a more pronounced ozone-mortality association in cold season in Zhengzhou, and we suggest that different lagged temperatures should be considered when examining the seasonal health effects of ambient ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Qin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shijie Liang
- Science and Education Center, Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weimin Bai
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yingjie Cui
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
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86
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Chen K, Zhou L, Chen X, Bi J, Kinney PL. Acute effect of ozone exposure on daily mortality in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China: No clear evidence for threshold. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:235-241. [PMID: 28231551 PMCID: PMC5387109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few multicity studies have addressed the health effects of ozone in China due to the scarcity of ozone monitoring data. A critical scientific and policy-relevant question is whether a threshold exists in the ozone-mortality relationship. METHODS Using a generalized additive model and a univariate random-effects meta-analysis, this research evaluated the relationship between short-term ozone exposure and daily total mortality in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China during 2013-2014. Spline, subset, and threshold models were applied to further evaluate whether a safe threshold level exists. RESULTS This study found strong evidence that short-term ozone exposure is significantly associated with premature total mortality. A 10μg/m3 increase in the average of the current and previous days' maximum 8-h average ozone concentration was associated with a 0.55% (95% posterior interval: 0.34%, 0.76%) increase of total mortality. This finding is robust when considering the confounding effect of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2. No consistent evidence was found for a threshold in the ozone-mortality concentration-response relationship down to concentrations well below the current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) level 2 standard (160μg/m3). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ozone concentrations below the current CAAQS level 2 standard could still induce increased mortality risks in Jiangsu Province, China. Continuous air pollution control measures could yield important health benefits in Jiangsu Province, China, even in cities that meet the current CAAQS level 2 standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Climate and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lian Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Climate and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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87
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Chen K, Zhou L, Chen X, Bi J, Kinney PL. Acute effect of ozone exposure on daily mortality in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China: No clear evidence for threshold. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28231551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few multicity studies have addressed the health effects of ozone in China due to the scarcity of ozone monitoring data. A critical scientific and policy-relevant question is whether a threshold exists in the ozone-mortality relationship. METHODS Using a generalized additive model and a univariate random-effects meta-analysis, this research evaluated the relationship between short-term ozone exposure and daily total mortality in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China during 2013-2014. Spline, subset, and threshold models were applied to further evaluate whether a safe threshold level exists. RESULTS This study found strong evidence that short-term ozone exposure is significantly associated with premature total mortality. A 10μg/m3 increase in the average of the current and previous days' maximum 8-h average ozone concentration was associated with a 0.55% (95% posterior interval: 0.34%, 0.76%) increase of total mortality. This finding is robust when considering the confounding effect of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2. No consistent evidence was found for a threshold in the ozone-mortality concentration-response relationship down to concentrations well below the current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) level 2 standard (160μg/m3). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ozone concentrations below the current CAAQS level 2 standard could still induce increased mortality risks in Jiangsu Province, China. Continuous air pollution control measures could yield important health benefits in Jiangsu Province, China, even in cities that meet the current CAAQS level 2 standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Climate and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lian Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Climate and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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88
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Song C, He J, Wu L, Jin T, Chen X, Li R, Ren P, Zhang L, Mao H. Health burden attributable to ambient PM 2.5 in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:575-586. [PMID: 28169071 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In China, over 1.3 billion people have high health risks associated with exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (AQG). The PM2.5 mass concentrations from 1382 national air quality monitoring stations in 367 cities, between January 2014 and December 2016, were analyzed to estimate the health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 across China. The integrated exposure-response model was applied to estimate the relative risks of disease-specific mortality. Disease-specific mortality baselines in province-level administrative units were adjusted by the national mortality baseline to better reveal the spatial inequality of the health burden associated with PM2.5. Our study suggested that PM2.5 in 2015 contributed as much as 40.3% to total stroke deaths, 33.1% to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI, <5yr) deaths, 26.8% to ischemic heart disease (IHD) deaths, 23.9% to lung cancer (LC) deaths, 18.7% to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deaths, 30.2% to total deaths combining IHD, stroke, COPD, and LC, 15.5% to all cause deaths. The population weighted average (PWA) attributable mortality rates (10-5 y-1) were 112.0 in current year analysis, and 124.3 in 10-year time lag analysis. The Mortality attributable to PM2.5 in 10-year time lag analysis (1.7 million) was 12% higher than the current year analysis (1.5 million). Our study also estimated site-specific annual PM2.5 concentrations in scenarios of achieving WHO interim targets (ITs) and AQG. The mortality benefits will be 24.0%, 44.8%, 70.8%, and 85.2% of the total current mortalities (1.5 million) when the PWA PM2.5 concentrations in China meets the WHO IT-1, IT-2, IT-3, and AQG, respectively. We expect air quality modeling and cost-benefits analysis of emission reduction scenarios and corresponding health benefits in meeting the site-specific annual PM2.5 concentrations (WHO IT-1, IT-2, IT-3, and AQG) this study raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congbo Song
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Taosheng Jin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution Prevention, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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89
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Jian Y, Messer LC, Jagai JS, Rappazzo KM, Gray CL, Grabich SC, Lobdell DT. Associations between Environmental Quality and Mortality in the Contiguous United States, 2000-2005. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:355-362. [PMID: 27713110 PMCID: PMC5332172 DOI: 10.1289/ehp119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates. METHODS We used the overall Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its five domain indices (air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic) to represent environmental exposure. Associations between the EQI and mortality rates (CDC WONDER) for counties in the contiguous United States (n = 3,109) were investigated using multiple linear regression models and random intercept and random slope hierarchical models. Urbanicity, climate, and a combination of the two were used to explore the spatial patterns in the associations. RESULTS We found 1 standard deviation increase in the overall EQI (worse environment) was associated with a mean 3.22% (95% CI: 2.80%, 3.64%) increase in all-cause mortality, a 0.54% (95% CI: -0.17%, 1.25%) increase in heart disease mortality, a 2.71% (95% CI: 2.21%, 3.22%) increase in cancer mortality, and a 2.25% (95% CI: 1.11%, 3.39%) increase in stroke mortality. Among the environmental domains, the associations ranged from -1.27% (95% CI: -1.70%, -0.84%) to 3.37% (95% CI: 2.90%, 3.84%) for all-cause mortality, -2.62% (95% CI: -3.52%, -1.73%) to 4.50% (95% CI: 3.73%, 5.27%) for heart disease mortality, -0.88% (95% CI: -2.12%, 0.36%) to 3.72% (95% CI: 2.38%, 5.06%) for stroke mortality, and -0.68% (95% CI: -1.19%, -0.18%) to 3.01% (95% CI: 2.46%, 3.56%) for cancer mortality. Air had the largest associations with all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality, whereas the sociodemographic index had the largest association with stroke mortality. Across the urbanicity gradient, no consistent trend was found. Across climate regions, the associations ranged from 2.29% (95% CI: 1.87%, 2.72%) to 5.30% (95% CI: 4.30%, 6.30%) for overall EQI, and larger associations were generally found in dry areas for both overall EQI and domain indices. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that poor environmental quality, particularly poor air quality, was associated with increased mortality and that associations vary by urbanicity and climate region. Citation: Jian Y, Messer LC, Jagai JS, Rappazzo KM, Gray CL, Grabich SC, Lobdell DT. 2017. Associations between environmental quality and mortality in the contiguous United States, 2000-2005. Environ Health Perspect 125:355-362; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jian
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lynne C. Messer
- School of Community Health, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jyotsna S. Jagai
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Christine L. Gray
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Danelle T. Lobdell
- NHEERL, U.S. EPA, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to D.T. Lobdell, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, MD 58A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 843-4434. E-mail:
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90
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Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been an important environmental issue in most areas of China. This chapter summarized the mortality effects of short-term and long-term exposures to various air pollutants among Chinese population. The literature review identified sufficient information to support significant short-term mortality effects of various air pollutants from time series analyses and case-crossover studies, such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3. On the other hand, though the literature review suggested a positive effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on mortality and lung cancer risk, the evidence has been limited among Chinese population, indicating that more studies, especially cohort studies, are warranted.
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91
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Hu LW, Lawrence WR, Liu Y, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Chen W, Dong GH. Ambient Air Pollution and Morbidity in Chinese. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1017:123-151. [PMID: 29177961 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid economic growth in China is coupled with a severe ambient air pollution, which poses a huge threat to human health and the sustainable development of social economy. The rapid urbanization and industrialization over the last three decades have placed China as one of countries with the greatest disease burden in world. Notably, the prevalence rate of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CND), including respiratory diseases, CVD, and stroke, in 2010 reaches 16.9%. The continuous growth of the incidence of CND urgent needs for effective regulatory action for health protection. This study aims to evaluate the impact of rapid urbanization on status of ambient air pollution and associated adverse health effects on the incidence and the burden of CND and risk assessment. Our findings would be greatly significant in the prediction of the risk of ambient air pollution on CND and for evidence-based policy making and risk management in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144-3445, USA
| | - Yimin Liu
- Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health Effects, Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline of Occupational Health Guardianship, Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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92
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Wang T, Xue L, Brimblecombe P, Lam YF, Li L, Zhang L. Ozone pollution in China: A review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical precursors, and effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1582-1596. [PMID: 27789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of ozone in urban and industrial regions worldwide have long been a major air quality issue. With the rapid increase in fossil fuel consumption in China over the past three decades, the emission of chemical precursors to ozone-nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds-has increased sharply, surpassing that of North America and Europe and raising concerns about worsening ozone pollution in China. Historically, research and control have prioritized acid rain, particulate matter, and more recently fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In contrast, less is known about ozone pollution, partly due to a lack of monitoring of atmospheric ozone and its precursors until recently. This review summarizes the main findings from published papers on the characteristics and sources and processes of ozone and ozone precursors in the boundary layer of urban and rural areas of China, including concentration levels, seasonal variation, meteorology conducive to photochemistry and pollution transport, key production and loss processes, ozone dependence on nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, and the effects of ozone on crops and human health. Ozone concentrations exceeding the ambient air quality standard by 100-200% have been observed in China's major urban centers such as Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River delta, and the Pearl River delta, and limited studies suggest harmful effect of ozone on human health and agricultural corps; key chemical precursors and meteorological conditions conductive to ozone pollution have been investigated, and inter-city/region transport of ozone is significant. Several recommendations are given for future research and policy development on ground-level ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Peter Brimblecombe
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Fat Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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93
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Tian L, Sun S. Comparison of Health Impact of Air Pollution Between China and Other Countries. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1017:215-232. [PMID: 29177964 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the world's largest single environmental risk according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which caused around seven million deaths in 2012. Extensive epidemiological studies have been carried out worldwide to examine the health impacts of ambient air pollution, consistently demonstrating significant health impacts of ambient air pollution. Air pollution problem in China is especially serious; it has become the fourth biggest threat to the health of the Chinese people. In this review, we summarized existing literature, compared health impact of air pollution between China and other countries, and found substantial heterogeneity in the risk estimates of air pollution. The effect heterogeneities may be due to the differences in the characteristics of populations (e.g., the proportion of the elder population and people with preexisting diseases), exposure profile (e.g., air pollution concentrations and composition), and regional climate. Although the magnitude of relative risk estimates of air pollution is generally similar with that in other parts of the world, air pollution is one of China's most serious environmental health problems given the huge number of people exposed to high concentration levels of air pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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94
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Pattern of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Pollutants during 2013 in Shenzhen, China. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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95
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Luo K, Li R, Li W, Wang Z, Ma X, Zhang R, Fang X, Wu Z, Cao Y, Xu Q. Acute Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Cardiovascular Mortality in Beijing: An Exploration of Spatial Heterogeneity and the District-specific Predictors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38328. [PMID: 27910959 PMCID: PMC5133577 DOI: 10.1038/srep38328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of spatial variation and predictors of the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on fatal health outcomes is still sparse. In a multilevel case-crossover study in Beijing, China, we used mixed Cox proportional hazard model to examine the citywide effects and conditional logistic regression to evaluate the district-specific effects of NO2 on cardiovascular mortality. District-specific predictors that could be related to the spatial pattern of NO2 effects were examined by robust regression models. We found that a 10 μg/m3 increase in daily mean NO2 concentration was associated with a 1.89% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–2.45%], 2.07% (95% CI: 1.23–2.91%) and 1.95% (95% CI: 1.16–2.72%) increase in daily total cardiovascular (lag03), cerebrovascular (lag03) and ischemic heart disease (lag02) mortality, respectively. For spatial variation of NO2 effects across 16 districts, significant effects were only observed in 5, 4 and 2 districts for the above three outcomes, respectively. Generally, NO2 was likely having greater adverse effects on districts with larger population, higher consumption of coal and more civilian vehicles. Our results suggested independent and spatially varied effects of NO2 on total and subcategory cardiovascular mortalities. The identification of districts with higher risk can provide important insights for reducing NO2 related health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zongshuang Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Zhenglai Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70185, Sweden
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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96
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Guan WJ, Zheng XY, Chung KF, Zhong NS. Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China: time for urgent action. Lancet 2016; 388:1939-1951. [PMID: 27751401 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In China, where air pollution has become a major threat to public health, public awareness of the detrimental effects of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing-particularly in relation to haze days. Air pollutant emission levels in China remain substantially higher than are those in developed countries. Moreover, industry, traffic, and household biomass combustion have become major sources of air pollutant emissions, with substantial spatial and temporal variations. In this Review, we focus on the major constituents of air pollutants and their impacts on chronic respiratory diseases. We highlight targets for interventions and recommendations for pollution reduction through industrial upgrading, vehicle and fuel renovation, improvements in public transportation, lowering of personal exposure, mitigation of the direct effects of air pollution through healthy city development, intervention at population-based level (systematic health education, intensive and individualised intervention, pre-emptive measures, and rehabilitation), and improvement in air quality. The implementation of a national environmental protection policy has become urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Yan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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97
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Tempo-Spatial Variations of Ambient Ozone-Mortality Associations in the USA: Results from the NMMAPS Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090851. [PMID: 27571094 PMCID: PMC5036684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although the health effects of ambient ozone have been widely assessed, their tempo-spatial variations remain unclear. We selected 20 communities (ten each from southern and northern USA) based on the US National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) dataset. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to estimate the season-specific association between each 10 ppb (lag0-2 day average) increment in daily 8 h maximum ozone concentration and mortality in every community. The results showed that in the southern communities, a 10 ppb increment in ozone was linked to an increment of mortality of −0.07%, −0.17%, 0.40% and 0.27% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. For the northern communities, the excess risks (ERs) were 0.74%, 1.21%, 0.52% and −0.65% in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, respectively. City-specific ozone-related mortality effects were positively related with latitude, but negatively related with seasonal average temperature in the spring, summer and autumn seasons. However, a reverse relationship was found in the winter. We concluded that there were different seasonal patterns of ozone effects on mortality between southern and northern US communities. Latitude and seasonal average temperature were identified as modifiers of the ambient ozone-related mortality risks.
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98
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Madaniyazi L, Nagashima T, Guo Y, Pan X, Tong S. Projecting ozone-related mortality in East China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:165-172. [PMID: 27104674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concentrations of ozone (O3) in China are increasing, especially in East China, but its future trends and potential health impacts remain to be explored. OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess future trends in O3 concentrations and related premature death in East China between 2005 and 2030. METHODS First, a global chemical transport model (MIROC-ESM-CHEM) and regional chemical transport modelling system (including the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model) were combined to estimate daily O3 concentrations in 2005 and 2030 in East China under the "current legislation" (CLE) and "maximum technically feasible reduction" (MFR) scenarios which were applied globally. O3 concentrations were then linked with population projections, mortality projections, and O3-mortality associations to estimate changes in O3-related mortality in East China. RESULTS The annual mean O3 concentration was projected to increase in East China between 2005 and 2030 under the CLE scenario, while decrease under the MFR scenario. Under the CLE scenario, O3-attributable health burden could increase by at least 40,000 premature deaths in East China, without considering the population growth. Under the MFR scenario, the health burden could decrease by up to 260,000 premature deaths as a result of the reduction in O3 concentration with a static population. However, when the population growth was considered, O3-attributable health burden could increase by up to 46,000 premature deaths in East China under the MFR scenario. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the health burden attributable to O3 may increase in East China in 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Tatsuya Nagashima
- Center for Regional Environmental Research (Regional Atmospheric Modelling Section), National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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99
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Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects 12-16 million people in the United States and is the third-leading cause of death. In developed countries, smoking is the greatest risk factor for the development of COPD, but other exposures also contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Several studies suggest, though are not definitive, that outdoor air pollution exposure is linked to the prevalence and incidence of COPD. Among individuals with COPD, outdoor air pollutants are associated with loss of lung function and increased respiratory symptoms. In addition, outdoor air pollutants are also associated with COPD exacerbations and mortality. There is much less evidence for the impact of indoor air on COPD, especially in developed countries in residences without biomass exposure. The limited existing data suggests that indoor particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide concentrations are linked to increased respiratory symptoms among patients with COPD. In addition, with the projected increases in temperature and extreme weather events in the context of climate change there has been increased attention to the effects of heat exposure. Extremes of temperature-both heat and cold-have been associated with increased respiratory morbidity in COPD. Some studies also suggest that temperature may modify the effect of pollution exposure and though results are not conclusive, understanding factors that may modify susceptibility to air pollution in patients with COPD is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N. Hansel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith C. McCormack
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor Kim
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yan Z, Jin Y, An Z, Liu Y, Samet JM, Wu W. Inflammatory cell signaling following exposures to particulate matter and ozone. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2826-34. [PMID: 27015762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) are two major ambient air pollutants. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have demonstrated exposure to these pollutants is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including cardiovascular and respiratory disease, in which inflammation is believed to be a common and essential factor. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review mainly focuses on major inflammatory cell signaling pathways triggered by exposure to PM and O3. The receptors covered in this review include the EGF receptor, toll like receptor, and NOD-like receptor. Intracellular signaling protein kinases depicted in this review are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Activation of antioxidant and inflammatory transcription factors such as NrF2 and NFκB induced by PM and O3 is also discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM or O3 can activate cellular signaling networks including membrane receptors, intracellular kinases and phosphatases, and transcription factors that regulate inflammatory responses. While PM-induced cell signaling is associated with resultant ROS, O3-induced cell signaling implicates phosphates. Notably, the cellular signaling induced by PM and O3 exposure varies with cell type and physiochemical properties of these pollutants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cellular signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammatory pathogenesis. Elucidation of cellular signaling pathways initiated by PM or O3 cannot only help to uncover the mechanisms of air pollutant toxicity but also provide clues for development of interventional measures against air pollution-induced disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Effects and Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China.
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