51
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Wężyk M, Berdyński M, Figarski A, Skrzypczak M, Ginalski K, Zboch M, Winkel I, Żekanowski C. Rare A360T Mutation Alters GSK3β(Ser9) Binding in the Cytosolic Loop of Presenilin 1, Influencing β-Catenin Nuclear Localization and Pro-Death Gene Expression in Alzheimer's Disease Case. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16999. [PMID: 38069323 PMCID: PMC10707597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) forms, via its large cytosolic loop, a trimeric complex with N-cadherin and β-catenin, which is a key component of Wnt signaling. PS1 undergoes phosphorylation at 353 and 357 serines upon enhanced activity and elevated levels of the GSK3β isoform. PS1 mutations surrounding these serines may alter the stability of the β-catenin complex. Such mutations are found in some cases of familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease (fEOAD), but their functional impact remains obscure. One of such variants of PS1, the A360T substitution, is located close to GSK3β-targeted serine residues. This variant was recently demonstrated in the French population, but more detail is needed to understand its biological effects. To assess the significance of this variant, we employed functional studies using a fibroblast cell line from an Alzheimer's disease case (a female proband) carrying the A360T mutation. Based on functional transcriptomic, cellular, and biochemical assays, we demonstrated atypically impaired β-catenin/GSK3β signaling in the A360T patient's fibroblasts. In detail, this was characterized by a decreased level of active cytosolic β-catenin and bound by PS1, an increased level of nuclear β-catenin, an increased level of inhibited GSK3β phosphorylated on Ser9, and enhanced interaction of GSK3β(Ser9) with PS1. Based on the transcriptomic profile of the A360T fibroblasts, we proposed a dysregulated transcriptional activity of β-catenin, exemplified by increased expression of various cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins, such as cyclin D1, potentially inducing neurons' cell cycle re-entry followed by apoptosis. The A360T cells did not exhibit significant amyloid pathology. Therefore, cell death in this PS1 cytosolic loop mutation may be attributed to impaired β-catenin/GSK3β signaling rather than amyloid deposition per se. We further estimated the biological and clinical relevance of the A360T variant by whole exome sequencing (WES). WES was performed on DNA from the blood of an A360T female proband, as well as an unrelated male patient carrying the A360T mutation and his mutation-free daughter (both unavailable for the derivation of the fibroblast cell lines). WES confirmed the highest-priority AD causality of the A360T variant in PS1 and also profiled the pathways and processes involved in the A360T case, highlighting the greatest importance of altered Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Wężyk
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
| | - Mariusz Berdyński
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
| | - Adam Figarski
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
| | - Magdalena Skrzypczak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 14 Indiry Gandhi Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ginalski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 93 Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Zboch
- Research and Education Center for Dementia Diseases in Ścinawa, Alzheimer’s Center, 12 Jana Pawła II Street, 59-330 Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Research and Education Center for Dementia Diseases in Ścinawa, Alzheimer’s Center, 12 Jana Pawła II Street, 59-330 Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Cezary Żekanowski
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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52
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Zhang XW, Zhu XX, Tang DS, Lu JH. Targeting autophagy in Alzheimer's disease: Animal models and mechanisms. Zool Res 2023; 44:1132-1145. [PMID: 37963840 PMCID: PMC10802106 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive impairment and memory loss. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD through the regulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau metabolism, and that autophagy dysfunction exacerbates amyloidosis and tau pathology. Therefore, targeting autophagy may be an effective approach for the treatment of AD. Animal models are considered useful tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of diseases. This review aims to summarize the pathological alterations in autophagy in representative AD animal models and to present recent studies on newly discovered autophagy-stimulating interventions in animal AD models. Finally, the opportunities, difficulties, and future directions of autophagy targeting in AD therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 99078, China
| | - Xiang-Xing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Gene Editing Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Gene Editing Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China. E-mail:
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 99078, China. E-mail:
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53
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Wang J, Fu J, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Yan X, Su J. Iron and Targeted Iron Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16353. [PMID: 38003544 PMCID: PMC10671546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. β-amyloid plaque (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as dysregulated energy metabolism in the brain, are key factors in the progression of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, which is closely correlated with the clinical symptoms of AD; therefore, understanding the role of brain iron accumulation in the major pathological aspects of AD is critical for its treatment. This review discusses the main mechanisms and recent advances in the involvement of iron in the above pathological processes, including in iron-induced oxidative stress-dependent and non-dependent directions, summarizes the hypothesis that the iron-induced dysregulation of energy metabolism may be an initiating factor for AD, based on the available evidence, and further discusses the therapeutic perspectives of targeting iron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (J.W.); (J.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.)
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54
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Gautam D, Naik UP, Naik MU, Yadav SK, Chaurasia RN, Dash D. Glutamate Receptor Dysregulation and Platelet Glutamate Dynamics in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Insights into Current Medications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1609. [PMID: 38002291 PMCID: PMC10669830 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. While the etiologies of AD and PD differ, both diseases share commonalities in synaptic dysfunction, thereby focusing attention on the role of neurotransmitters. The possible functions that platelets may play in neurodegenerative illnesses including PD and AD are becoming more acknowledged. In AD, platelets have been investigated for their ability to generate amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides, contributing to the formation of neurotoxic plaques. Moreover, platelets are considered biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. In PD, platelets have been studied for their involvement in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key factors in the disease's pathogenesis. Emerging research shows that platelets, which release glutamate upon activation, also play a role in these disorders. Decreased glutamate uptake in platelets has been observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients, pointing to a systemic dysfunction in glutamate handling. This paper aims to elucidate the critical role that glutamate receptors play in the pathophysiology of both AD and PD. Utilizing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, we reviewed how glutamate receptors dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative (ND) processes such as excitotoxicity, synaptic loss, and cognitive impairment. The paper also reviews all current medications including glutamate receptor antagonists for AD and PD, highlighting their mode of action and limitations. A deeper understanding of glutamate receptor involvement including its systemic regulation by platelets could open new avenues for more effective treatments, potentially slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gautam
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Ulhas P. Naik
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Meghna U. Naik
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- The Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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55
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Ong CT. Enrichment of novel Tau isoform with altered biochemical properties in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2397-2398. [PMID: 37282466 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tong Ong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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56
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Sun J, Xi L, Zhang D, Gao F, Wang L, Yang G. A novel tumor immunotherapy-related signature for risk stratification, prognosis prediction, and immune status in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18709. [PMID: 37907783 PMCID: PMC10618198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a strategy to deal with cancer is increasingly being used clinically, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to create an immunotherapy-related signature that can play a role in predicting HCC patients' survival and therapeutic outcomes. Immunotherapy-related genes were discovered first. Clinical information and gene expression data were extracted from GSE140901. By a series of bioinformatics methods to analyze, overlapping genes were used to build an immunotherapy-related signature that could contribute to predict both the prognosis of people with hepatocellular carcinoma and responder to immune checkpoint blockade therapy of them in TCGA database. Differences of the two groups in immune cell subpopulations were then compared. Furthermore, A nomogram was constructed, based on the immunotherapy-related signature and clinicopathological features, and proved to be highly predictive. Finally, immunohistochemistry assays were performed in HCC tissue and normal tissue adjacent tumors to verify the differences of the four genes expression. As a result of this study, a prognostic protein profile associated with immunotherapy had been created, which could be applied to predict patients' response to immunotherapy and may provide a new perspective as clinicians focus on non-apoptotic treatment for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou YIHE Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Lefeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou YIHE Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Dechen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou YIHE Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Feipei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou YIHE Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou YIHE Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou YIHE Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China.
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57
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Valdez-Gaxiola CA, Maciel-Cruz EJ, Hernández-Peña R, Dumois-Petersen S, Rosales-Leycegui F, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Figuera LE. Potential Modifying Effect of the APOEε4 Allele on Age of Onset and Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease with and without a Pathogenic Variant in PSEN1 in a Sample of the Mexican Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15687. [PMID: 37958671 PMCID: PMC10648484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the age of onset (AoO) exhibits considerable variability, spanning from 40 to 90 years. Specifically, individuals diagnosed with AD and exhibiting symptoms prior to the age of 65 are typically classified as early onset (EOAD) cases. Notably, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele represents the most extensively studied genetic risk factor associated with AD. We clinically characterized and genotyped the APOEε4 allele from 101 individuals with a diagnosis of EOAD, and 69 of them were affected carriers of the autosomal dominant fully penetrant PSEN1 variant c.1292C>A (rs63750083, A431E) (PSEN1+ group), while there were 32 patients in which the genetic cause was unknown (PSEN1- group). We found a correlation between the AoO and the APOEε4 allele; patients carrying at least one APOEε4 allele showed delays, in AoO in patients in the PSEN1+ and PSEN1- groups, of 3.9 (p = 0.001) and 8.6 years (p = 0.012), respectively. The PSEN1+ group presented higher frequencies of gait disorders compared to PSEN1- group, and apraxia was more frequent with PSEN1+/APOE4+ than in the rest of the subgroup. This study shows what appears to be an inverse effect of APOEε4 in EOAD patients, as it delays AoO and modifies clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Valdez-Gaxiola
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Eric Jonathan Maciel-Cruz
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Rubiceli Hernández-Peña
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Sofía Dumois-Petersen
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Frida Rosales-Leycegui
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Maestría en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (E.J.M.-C.); (R.H.-P.); (S.D.-P.); (F.R.-L.); (M.P.G.-A.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
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58
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Llibre-Guerra JJ, Iaccarino L, Coble D, Edwards L, Li Y, McDade E, Strom A, Gordon B, Mundada N, Schindler SE, Tsoy E, Ma Y, Lu R, Fagan AM, Benzinger TLS, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Aschenbrenner AJ, Miller Z, Wang G, Kramer JH, Hassenstab J, Rosen HJ, Morris JC, Miller BL, Xiong C, Perrin RJ, Allegri R, Chrem P, Surace E, Berman SB, Chhatwal J, Masters CL, Farlow MR, Jucker M, Levin J, Fox NC, Day G, Gorno-Tempini ML, Boxer AL, La Joie R, Rabinovici GD, Bateman R. Longitudinal clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles in dominantly inherited versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad280. [PMID: 37942088 PMCID: PMC10629466 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease cases have an early age at onset (<65 years), with 5-10% of these cases attributed to dominantly inherited mutations and the remainder considered as sporadic. The extent to which dominantly inherited and sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease overlap is unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, focusing on commonalities and distinctions between dominantly inherited and sporadic cases. Our analysis included 117 participants with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network and 118 individuals with sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease enrolled at the University of California San Francisco Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Baseline differences in clinical and biomarker profiles between both groups were compared using t-tests. Differences in the rates of decline were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Individuals with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease exhibited an earlier age-at-symptom onset compared with the sporadic group [43.4 (SD ± 8.5) years versus 54.8 (SD ± 5.0) years, respectively, P < 0.001]. Sporadic cases showed a higher frequency of atypical clinical presentations relative to dominantly inherited (56.8% versus 8.5%, respectively) and a higher frequency of APOE-ε4 (50.0% versus 28.2%, P = 0.001). Compared with sporadic early onset, motor manifestations were higher in the dominantly inherited cohort [32.5% versus 16.9% at baseline (P = 0.006) and 46.1% versus 25.4% at last visit (P = 0.001)]. At baseline, the sporadic early-onset group performed worse on category fluency (P < 0.001), Trail Making Test Part B (P < 0.001) and digit span (P < 0.001). Longitudinally, both groups demonstrated similar rates of cognitive and functional decline in the early stages. After 10 years from symptom onset, dominantly inherited participants experienced a greater decline as measured by Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes [3.63 versus 1.82 points (P = 0.035)]. CSF amyloid beta-42 levels were comparable [244 (SD ± 39.3) pg/ml dominantly inherited versus 296 (SD ± 24.8) pg/ml sporadic early onset, P = 0.06]. CSF phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 levels were higher in the dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease cohort (87.3 versus 59.7 pg/ml, P = 0.005), but no significant differences were found for t-tau levels (P = 0.35). In summary, sporadic and inherited Alzheimer's disease differed in baseline profiles; sporadic early onset is best distinguished from dominantly inherited by later age at onset, high frequency of atypical clinical presentations and worse executive performance at baseline. Despite these differences, shared pathways in longitudinal clinical decline and CSF biomarkers suggest potential common therapeutic targets for both populations, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dean Coble
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Gordon
- Malinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Nidhi Mundada
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Elena Tsoy
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yinjiao Ma
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Malinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David Soleimani-Meigooni
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Surace
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Neuroscience Center, Indiana University School of Medicine at Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich 81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gregory Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 33224, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Randall Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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Filippenkov IB, Khrunin AV, Mozgovoy IV, Dergunova LV, Limborska SA. Are Ischemic Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease Genetically Consecutive Pathologies? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2727. [PMID: 37893101 PMCID: PMC10604604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases that affect the functioning of the central nervous system pose a major problem for modern society. Among these, ischemic stroke (IS) holds a special place as one of the most common causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, Alzheimer's disease (AD) ranks first among neurodegenerative diseases, drastically reducing brain activity and overall life quality and duration. Recent studies have shown that AD and IS share several common risk and pathogenic factors, such as an overlapping genomic architecture and molecular signature. In this review, we will summarize the genomics and RNA biology studies of IS and AD, discussing the interconnected nature of these pathologies. Additionally, we highlight specific genomic points and RNA molecules that can serve as potential tools in predicting the risks of diseases and developing effective therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia (A.V.K.); (I.V.M.); (L.V.D.)
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60
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Sanadgol N, Amini J, Beyer C, Zendedel A. Presenilin-1-Derived Circular RNAs: Neglected Epigenetic Regulators with Various Functions in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1401. [PMID: 37759801 PMCID: PMC10527059 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene is crucial in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNA generated through back-splicing, resulting in a covalently closed circular molecule. This study aimed to investigate PSEN1-gene-derived circular RNAs (circPSEN1s) and their potential functions in AD. Our in silico analysis indicated that circPSEN1s (hsa_circ_0008521 and chr14:73614502-73614802) act as sponge molecules for eight specific microRNAs. Surprisingly, two of these miRNAs (has-mir-4668-5p and has-mir-5584-5p) exclusively interact with circPSEN1s rather than mRNA-PSEN1. Furthermore, the analysis of pathways revealed that these two miRNAs predominantly target mRNAs associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. With sponging these microRNAs, circPSEN1s were found to protect mRNAs commonly targeted by these miRNAs, including QSER1, BACE2, RNF157, PTMA, and GJD3. Furthermore, the miRNAs sequestered by circPSEN1s have a notable preference for targeting the TGF-β and Hippo signaling pathways. We also demonstrated that circPSEN1s potentially interact with FOXA1, ESR1, HNF1B, BRD4, GATA4, EP300, CBX3, PRDM9, and PPARG proteins. These proteins have a prominent preference for targeting the TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways, where EP300 and FOXA1 have the highest number of protein interactions. Molecular docking analysis also confirms the interaction of these hub proteins and Aβ42 with circPSEN1s. Interestingly, circPSEN1s-targeted molecules (miRNAs and proteins) impacted TGF-β, which served as a shared signaling pathway. Finally, the analysis of microarray data unveiled distinct expression patterns of genes influenced by circPSEN1s (WTIP, TGIF, SMAD4, PPP1CB, and BMPR1A) in the brains of AD patients. In summary, our findings suggested that the interaction of circPSEN1s with microRNAs and proteins could affect the fate of specific mRNAs, interrupt the function of unique proteins, and influence cell signaling pathways, generally TGF-β. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and gain a deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms and significance of circPSEN1s in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Javad Amini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Department of Biomedicine, Institut of Anatomy, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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61
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Malhan D, Schoenrock B, Yalçin M, Blottner D, Relόgio A. Circadian regulation in aging: Implications for spaceflight and life on earth. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13935. [PMID: 37493006 PMCID: PMC10497835 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the circadian system are characteristic of aging on Earth. With the decline in physiological processes due to aging, several health concerns including vision loss, cardiovascular disorders, cognitive impairments, and muscle mass loss arise in elderly populations. Similar health risks are reported as "red flag" risks among astronauts during and after a long-term Space exploration journey. However, little is known about the common molecular alterations underlying terrestrial aging and space-related aging in astronauts, and controversial conclusions have been recently reported. In light of the regulatory role of the circadian clock in the maintenance of human health, we review here the overlapping role of the circadian clock both on aging on Earth and spaceflight with a focus on the four most affected systems: visual, cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. In this review, we briefly introduce the regulatory role of the circadian clock in specific cellular processes followed by alterations in those processes due to aging. We next summarize the known molecular alterations associated with spaceflight, highlighting involved clock-regulated genes in space flown Drosophila, nematodes, small mammals, and astronauts. Finally, we discuss common genes that are altered in terms of their expression due to aging on Earth and spaceflight. Altogether, the data elaborated in this review strengthen our hypothesis regarding the timely need to include circadian dysregulation as an emerging hallmark of aging on Earth and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Malhan
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Britt Schoenrock
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Neuromuscular System and Neuromuscular SignalingBerlin Center of Space Medicine & Extreme EnvironmentsBerlinGermany
| | - Angela Relόgio
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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62
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Armstrong MJ, Jin Y, Vattathil SM, Huang Y, Schroeder JP, Bennet DA, Qin ZS, Wingo TS, Jin P. Role of TET1-mediated epigenetic modulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106257. [PMID: 37562656 PMCID: PMC10530206 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors. DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) are DNA modifications that serve as tissue-specific and temporal regulators of gene expression. TET family enzymes dynamically regulate these epigenetic modifications in response to environmental conditions, connecting environmental factors with gene expression. Previous epigenetic studies have identified 5mC and 5hmC changes associated with AD. In this study, we performed targeted resequencing of TET1 on a cohort of early-onset AD (EOAD) and control samples. Through gene-wise burden analysis, we observed significant enrichment of rare TET1 variants associated with AD (p = 0.04). We also profiled 5hmC in human postmortem brain tissues from AD and control groups. Our analysis identified differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) in key genes responsible for regulating the methylome: TET3, DNMT3L, DNMT3A, and MECP2. To further investigate the role of Tet1 in AD pathogenesis, we used the 5xFAD mouse model with a Tet1 KO allele to examine how Tet1 loss influences AD pathogenesis. We observed significant changes in neuropathology, 5hmC, and RNA expression associated with Tet1 loss, while the behavioral alterations were not significant. The loss of Tet1 significantly increased amyloid plaque burden in the 5xFAD mouse (p = 0.044) and lead to a non-significant trend towards exacerbated AD-associated stress response in 5xFAD mice. At the molecular level, we found significant DhMRs enriched in genes involved in pathways responsible for neuronal projection organization, dendritic spine development and organization, and myelin assembly. RNA-Seq analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of AD-associated genes such as Mpeg1, Ctsd, and Trem2. In conclusion, our results suggest that TET enzymes, particularly TET1, which regulate the methylome, may contribute to AD pathogenesis, as the loss of TET function increases AD-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Armstrong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yulin Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Selina M Vattathil
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason P Schroeder
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David A Bennet
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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63
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Ullah R, Lee EJ. Advances in Amyloid-β Clearance in the Brain and Periphery: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:216-246. [PMID: 37749925 PMCID: PMC10569141 DOI: 10.5607/en23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of impaired amyloid-β clearance in the accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain and the periphery, which is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The molecular mechanism underlying amyloid-β accumulation is largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that impaired amyloid-β clearance plays a critical role in its accumulation. The review provides an overview of recent research and proposes strategies for efficient amyloid-β clearance in both the brain and periphery. The clearance of amyloid-β can occur through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways in the brain, including neuronal and glial cells, blood-brain barrier, interstitial fluid bulk flow, perivascular drainage, and cerebrospinal fluid absorption-mediated pathways. In the periphery, various mechanisms, including peripheral organs, immunomodulation/immune cells, enzymes, amyloid-β-binding proteins, and amyloid-β-binding cells, are involved in amyloid-β clearance. Although recent findings have shed light on amyloid-β clearance in both regions, opportunities remain in areas where limited data is available. Therefore, future strategies that enhance amyloid-β clearance in the brain and/or periphery, either through central or peripheral clearance approaches or in combination, are highly encouraged. These strategies will provide new insight into the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level and explore new targets for inhibiting amyloid-β deposition, which is central to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD (amyloid-β in parenchyma) and CAA (amyloid-β in blood vessels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ullah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Theron D, Hopkins LN, Sutherland HG, Griffiths LR, Fernandez F. Can Genetic Markers Predict the Sporadic Form of Alzheimer's Disease? An Updated Review on Genetic Peripheral Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13480. [PMID: 37686283 PMCID: PMC10488021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although the research over the last decades has provided new insight into AD pathophysiology, there is currently no cure for the disease. AD is often only diagnosed once the symptoms have become prominent, particularly in the late-onset (sporadic) form of AD. Consequently, it is essential to further new avenues for early diagnosis. With recent advances in genomic analysis and a lower cost of use, the exploration of genetic markers alongside RNA molecules can offer a key avenue for early diagnosis. We have here provided a brief overview of potential genetic markers differentially expressed in peripheral tissues in AD cases compared to controls, as well as considering the changes to the dynamics of RNA molecules. By integrating both genotype and RNA changes reported in AD, biomarker profiling can be key for developing reliable AD diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelda Theron
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia;
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Lloyd N. Hopkins
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Heidi G. Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia;
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.N.H.); (H.G.S.); (L.R.G.)
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65
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Devi G. A how-to guide for a precision medicine approach to the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1213968. [PMID: 37662550 PMCID: PMC10469885 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1213968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Article purpose The clinical approach to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging, particularly in high-functioning individuals. Accurate diagnosis is crucial, especially given the significant side effects, including brain hemorrhage, of newer monoclonal antibodies approved for treating earlier stages of Alzheimer's. Although early treatment is more effective, early diagnosis is also more difficult. Several clinical mimickers of AD exist either separately, or in conjunction with AD pathology, adding to the diagnostic complexity. To illustrate the clinical decision-making process, this study includes de-identified cases and reviews of the underlying etiology and pathology of Alzheimer's and available therapies to exemplify diagnostic and treatment subtleties. Problem The clinical presentation of Alzheimer's is complex and varied. Multiple other primary brain pathologies present with clinical phenotypes that can be difficult to distinguish from AD. Furthermore, Alzheimer's rarely exists in isolation, as almost all patients also show evidence of other primary brain pathologies, including Lewy body disease and argyrophilic grain disease. The phenotype and progression of AD can vary based on the brain regions affected by pathology, the coexistence and severity of other brain pathologies, the presence and severity of systemic comorbidities such as cardiac disease, the common co-occurrence with psychiatric diagnoses, and genetic risk factors. Additionally, symptoms and progression are influenced by an individual's brain reserve and cognitive reserve, as well as the timing of the diagnosis, which depends on the demographics of both the patient and the diagnosing physician, as well as the availability of biomarkers. Methods The optimal clinical and biomarker strategy for accurately diagnosing AD, common neuropathologic co-morbidities and mimickers, and available medication and non-medication-based treatments are discussed. Real-life examples of cognitive loss illustrate the diagnostic and treatment decision-making process as well as illustrative treatment responses. Implications AD is best considered a syndromic disorder, influenced by a multitude of patient and environmental characteristics. Additionally, AD existing alone is a unicorn, as there are nearly always coexisting other brain pathologies. Accurate diagnosis with biomarkers is essential. Treatment response is affected by the variables involved, and the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as well as its prevention, requires an individualized, precision medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Devi
- Neurology and Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Neurology and Psychiatry, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, NY, United States
- Park Avenue Neurology, New York City, NY, United States
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66
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Sidiropoulou GA, Metaxas A, Kourti M. Natural antioxidants that act against Alzheimer's disease through modulation of the NRF2 pathway: a focus on their molecular mechanisms of action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217730. [PMID: 37465125 PMCID: PMC10351420 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterized by a complex pathophysiology that includes the intraneuronal formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid plaques, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a terminal neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in older adults. Oxidative stress in the brain is considered as one of the contributing factors to the pathogenesis of AD, and thus, antioxidants have attracted much interest as potential therapeutic agents against the disorder. Natural antioxidants are typically characterized by low acute and chronic toxicity, which facilitates their potential therapeutic application. One important molecular target for the beneficial effects of natural antioxidants is the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2). NRF2 is a key transcription factor that orchestrates the cellular antioxidant response through regulating the expression of oxidative stress-related genes harboring the antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoters. Indeed, in the case of excessive oxidative damage, NRF2 migrates to the nucleus and binds to ARE, activating the transcription of antioxidant protector genes. There is increasing evidence that NRF2 is implicated in AD pathology through dysfunction and altered localization, which renders it as a potential therapeutic target for AD. Thus, this review summarizes the most recent (2018-2023) advances on the NRF2-modulating activity of natural antioxidants observed in vitro and in AD animal models. This information will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the antioxidant activity of such phytochemicals to highlight their therapeutic potential against common neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grammatiki Alexandra Sidiropoulou
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Malamati Kourti
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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67
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Viñas R, Joshi CK, Georgiev D, Lin P, Dumitrascu B, Gamazon ER, Liò P. Hypergraph factorization for multi-tissue gene expression imputation. NAT MACH INTELL 2023; 5:739-753. [PMID: 37771758 PMCID: PMC10538467 DOI: 10.1038/s42256-023-00684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrating gene expression across tissues and cell types is crucial for understanding the coordinated biological mechanisms that drive disease and characterise homeostasis. However, traditional multitissue integration methods cannot handle uncollected tissues or rely on genotype information, which is often unavailable and subject to privacy concerns. Here we present HYFA (Hypergraph Factorisation), a parameter-efficient graph representation learning approach for joint imputation of multi-tissue and cell-type gene expression. HYFA is genotype-agnostic, supports a variable number of collected tissues per individual, and imposes strong inductive biases to leverage the shared regulatory architecture of tissues and genes. In performance comparison on Genotype-Tissue Expression project data, HYFA achieves superior performance over existing methods, especially when multiple reference tissues are available. The HYFA-imputed dataset can be used to identify replicable regulatory genetic variations (eQTLs), with substantial gains over the original incomplete dataset. HYFA can accelerate the effective and scalable integration of tissue and cell-type transcriptome biorepositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Viñas
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Dobrik Georgiev
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge
| | - Phillip Lin
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Bianca Dumitrascu
- Department of Statistics and Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University
| | - Eric R. Gamazon
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Data Science Institute, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge
| | - Pietro Liò
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge
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68
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Mazzoleni E, Vinceti M, Costanzini S, Garuti C, Adani G, Vinceti G, Zamboni G, Tondelli M, Galli C, Salemme S, Teggi S, Chiari A, Filippini T. Outdoor artificial light at night and risk of early-onset dementia: A case-control study in the Modena population, Northern Italy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17837. [PMID: 37455959 PMCID: PMC10339013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a neurological syndrome characterized by severe cognitive impairment with functional impact on everyday life. It can be classified as young onset dementia (EOD) in case of symptom onset before 65, and late onset dementia (LOD). The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of dementia due to light pollution, and specifically outdoor artificial light at night (LAN). Methods Using a case-control design, we enrolled dementia patients newly-diagnosed in the province of Modena in the period 2017-2019 and a referent population from their caregivers. We geo-referenced the address of residence on the date of recruitment, provided it was stable for the previous five years. We assessed LAN exposure through 2015 nighttime luminance satellite images from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Using a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and education, we calculated the risk of dementia associated with increasing LAN exposure, namely using <10 nW/cm2/sr as reference and considering ≥10-<40 nW/cm2/sr intermediate and ≥40 nW/cm2/sr high exposure, respectively We also implemented non-linear assessment using a spline regression model. Results We recruited 58 EOD cases, 34 LOD cases and 54 controls. Average LAN exposure levels overlapped for EOD cases and controls, while LOD cases showed higher levels. Compared with the lowest exposure, the risk of EOD associated with LAN was higher in the intermediate exposure (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.54-3.39), but not in the high exposure category (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.32-3.34). In contrast, the risk of LOD was positively associated with LAN exposure, with ORs of 2.58 (95% CI 0.26-25.97) and 3.50 (95% CI 0.32-38.87) in the intermediate and high exposure categories, respectively. The spline regression analysis showed substantial lack of association between LAN and EOD, while almost linear although highly imprecise association emerged for LOD. Conclusions Although the precision of the estimates was affected by the limited sample size and the study design did not allow us to exclude the presence of residual confounding, these results suggest a possible role of LAN in the etiology of dementia, particularly of its late-onset form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mazzoleni
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Costanzini
- DIEF Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Garuti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Adani
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Vinceti
- Department Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Department Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Tondelli
- Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Primary Care Department, Modena Local Health Authority, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Galli
- Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Primary Care Department, Modena Local Health Authority, Modena, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NeuroFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Salemme
- Department Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Teggi
- DIEF Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Fulop T, Ramassamy C, Lévesque S, Frost EH, Laurent B, Lacombe G, Khalil A, Larbi A, Hirokawa K, Desroches M, Rodrigues S, Bourgade K, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Viruses - a major cause of amyloid deposition in the brain. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:775-790. [PMID: 37551672 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2244162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with a spectrum of various cognitive disorders. There is a complete dissociation between the pathology and the clinical presentation. Therefore, we need a disruptive new approach to be able to prevent and treat AD. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors extensively discuss the evidence why the amyloid beta is not the pathological cause of AD which makes therefore the amyloid hypothesis not sustainable anymore. They review the experimental evidence underlying the role of microbes, especially that of viruses, as a trigger/cause for the production of amyloid beta leading to the establishment of a chronic neuroinflammation as the mediator manifesting decades later by AD as a clinical spectrum. In this context, the emergence and consequences of the infection/antimicrobial protection hypothesis are described. The epidemiological and clinical data supporting this hypothesis are also analyzed. EXPERT OPINION For decades, we have known that viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This discovery was ignored and discarded for a long time. Now we should accept this fact, which is not a hypothesis anymore, and stimulate the research community to come up with new ideas, new treatments, and new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Simon Lévesque
- CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H Frost
- Département de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Tokyo and Nito-Memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Biot, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, BCAM, the Basque Foundation for Science and BCAM - The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karine Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Wang M, Chen X, Niu L, Xu J, Yu H, Xu X, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Le W. APP swe /PS1 ΔE9 mice exhibit low oxygen saturation and alterations of erythrocytes preceding the neuropathology and cognitive deficiency during Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1889-1897. [PMID: 36883266 PMCID: PMC10546960 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The molecular mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies remains unclear. The brain is extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation, and brief interruptions in oxygen supply may lead to permanent brain damage. The objective here was to access the red blood cell (RBC) physiological alterations and the changes in blood oxygen saturation of an AD model as well as to explore the possible mechanism underlying these pathologies. METHODS We used female APPswe /PS1ΔE9 mice as AD models. Data were collected at the age of 3, 6, and 9 months. In addition to examining classic features of AD, namely cognitive deficiency and Aβ depositions, 24 h blood oxygen saturation was monitored by Plus oximeters in real time. In addition, RBC physiological parameters were measured by blood cell counter using peripheral blood from the epicanthal veins. Furthermore, in the mechanism investigations, the expression of phosphorylated band 3 protein was examined by a series of Western blot analyses, and the levels of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 on the membrane of RBCs were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that the blood oxygen saturation in the AD mice was significantly reduced as early as at 3 months of age, preceding the neuropathological changes and cognitive impairments. Meanwhile, the expression of phosphorylated band 3 protein and levels of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 were all elevated in the erythrocytes of the AD mice. CONCLUSION APPswe /PS1ΔE9 mice exhibited decreased oxygen saturation together with reduced RBC counts and hemoglobin concentrations at the early stage, which may aid in the development of predictive markers for AD diagnosis. The increased expression of band 3 protein and elevated Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels may contribute to the deformation of RBCs and, in turn, cause the subsequent AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Long Niu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jianli Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Xiaojiao Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Qiu Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Yang Xiang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengduChina
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Bulgart HR, Goncalves I, Weisleder N. Leveraging Plasma Membrane Repair Therapeutics for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1660. [PMID: 37371130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is an essential cellular mechanism that reseals membrane disruptions after a variety of insults, and compromised repair capacity can contribute to the progression of many diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are marked by membrane damage from many sources, reduced membrane integrity, elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and widespread neuronal death. While the toxic intracellular effects of these changes in cellular physiology have been defined, the specific mechanism of neuronal death in certain neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. An abundance of recent evidence indicates that neuronal membrane damage and pore formation in the membrane are key contributors to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. In this review, we have outlined evidence supporting the hypothesis that membrane damage is a contributor to neurodegenerative diseases and that therapeutically enhancing membrane repair can potentially combat neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Bulgart
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabella Goncalves
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Lin KH, Hsieh KL, Jiang X, Kim Y. Integrating Comorbidity Knowledge for Alzheimer's Disease Drug Repurposing using Multi-task Graph Neural Network. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 2023:378-387. [PMID: 37350918 PMCID: PMC10283123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease that shares common etiologies with its multiple comorbidities, especially vascular diseases. To predict repurposable drugs for AD utilizing the relatively well-investigated comorbidities' knowledge, we proposed a multi-task graph neural network (GNN)-based pipeline that incorporates the corresponding biomedical interactome of these diseases with their genetic markers and effective therapeutics. Our pipeline can accurately capture the interactions and disease classification in the network. Next, we predicted drugs that might interact with the AD module by the node embedding similarity. Our candidates are mostly BBB permeable, and literature evidence showed their potential for treating AD pathologies, accompanying symptoms, or cotreating AD pathology and its common comorbidities. Our pipeline demonstrated a workable strategy that predicts drug candidates with current knowledge of biological interplays between AD and several vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hong Lin
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kang-Lin Hsieh
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yejin Kim
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Yellapu NK, Pei D, Nissen E, Thompson JA, Koestler DC. Comprehensive exploration of JQ1 and GSK2801 targets in breast cancer using network pharmacology and molecular modeling approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3224-3233. [PMID: 38213901 PMCID: PMC10781883 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
JQ1 and GSK2801 are bromo domain inhibitors (BDI) known to exhibit enhanced anti-cancer activity when combined with other agents. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind such enhanced activity remain unclear. We used network-pharmacology approaches to understand the shared molecular mechanisms behind the enhanced activity of JQ1 and GSK2801 when used together to treat breast cancer (BC). The gene targets of JQ1 and GSK2801 were intersected with known BC-targets and their putative targets against BC were derived. The key genes were explored through gene-ontology-enrichment, Protein-Protein-Interaction (PPI) networking, survival analysis, and molecular modeling simulations. The genes, CTSB, MAPK14, MET, PSEN2 and STAT3, were found to be common targets for both drugs. In total, 49 biological processes, five molecular functions and 61 metabolic pathways were similarly enriched for JQ1 and GSK2801 BC targets among which several terms are related to cancer: IL-17, TNF and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Survival analyses revealed that all five putative synergistic targets are significantly associated with survival in BC (log-rank p < 0.05). Molecular modeling studies showed stable binding of JQ1 and GSK2801 against their targets. In conclusion, this study explored and illuminated the possible molecular mechanisms behind the enhanced activity of JQ1 and GSK2801 against BC and suggests synergistic action through their similar BC-targets and gene-ontologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dong Pei
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Kloske CM, Barnum CJ, Batista AF, Bradshaw EM, Brickman AM, Bu G, Dennison J, Gearon MD, Goate AM, Haass C, Heneka MT, Hu WT, Huggins LKL, Jones NS, Koldamova R, Lemere CA, Liddelow SA, Marcora E, Marsh SE, Nielsen HM, Petersen KK, Petersen M, Piña-Escudero SD, Qiu WQ, Quiroz YT, Reiman E, Sexton C, Tansey MG, Tcw J, Teunissen CE, Tijms BM, van der Kant R, Wallings R, Weninger SC, Wharton W, Wilcock DM, Wishard TJ, Worley SL, Zetterberg H, Carrillo MC. APOE and immunity: Research highlights. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2677-2696. [PMID: 36975090 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At the Alzheimer's Association's APOE and Immunity virtual conference, held in October 2021, leading neuroscience experts shared recent research advances on and inspiring insights into the various roles that both the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and facets of immunity play in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. METHODS The meeting brought together more than 1200 registered attendees from 62 different countries, representing the realms of academia and industry. RESULTS During the 4-day meeting, presenters illuminated aspects of the cross-talk between APOE and immunity, with a focus on the roles of microglia, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and components of inflammation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]). DISCUSSION This manuscript emphasizes the importance of diversity in current and future research and presents an integrated view of innate immune functions in Alzheimer's disease as well as related promising directions in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre F Batista
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Bradshaw
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mary D Gearon
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany 3 Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Healthy Aging, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lenique K L Huggins
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nahdia S Jones
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- EOH, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia A Lemere
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology and of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Dept. of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Dept. of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel E Marsh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kellen K Petersen
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Petersen
- Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Stefanie D Piña-Escudero
- Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Banner Research, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Wallings
- CTRND, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tyler James Wishard
- Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan L Worley
- Independent science writer, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Grangeon L, Charbonnier C, Zarea A, Rousseau S, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Bendetowicz D, Lemaitre M, Malrain C, Quillard-Muraine M, Cassinari K, Maltete D, Pariente J, Moreaud O, Magnin E, Cretin B, Mackowiak MA, Sillaire AR, Vercelletto M, Dionet E, Felician O, Rod-Olivieri P, Thomas-Antérion C, Godeneche G, Sauvée M, Cartz-Piver L, Le Ber I, Chauvire V, Jonveaux T, Balageas AC, Laquerriere A, Duyckaerts C, Vital A, de Paula AM, Meyronet D, Guyant-Marechal L, Hannequin D, Tournier-Lasserve E, Campion D, Nicolas G, Wallon D. Phenotype and imaging features associated with APP duplications. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 37170141 PMCID: PMC10173644 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APP duplication is a rare genetic cause of Alzheimer disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We aimed to evaluate the phenotypes of APP duplications carriers. METHODS Clinical, radiological, and neuropathological features of 43 APP duplication carriers from 24 French families were retrospectively analyzed, and MRI features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were compared to 40 APP-negative CAA controls. RESULTS Major neurocognitive disorders were found in 90.2% symptomatic APP duplication carriers, with prominent behavioral impairment in 9.7%. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages were reported in 29.2% and seizures in 51.2%. CSF Aβ42 levels were abnormal in 18/19 patients and 14/19 patients fulfilled MRI radiological criteria for CAA, while only 5 displayed no hemorrhagic features. We found no correlation between CAA radiological signs and duplication size. Compared to CAA controls, APP duplication carriers showed less disseminated cortical superficial siderosis (0% vs 37.5%, p = 0.004 adjusted for the delay between symptoms onset and MRI). Deep microbleeds were found in two APP duplication carriers. In addition to neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, CAA was diffuse and severe with thickening of leptomeningeal vessels in all 9 autopsies. Lewy bodies were found in substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and cortical structures of 2/9 patients, and one presented vascular amyloid deposits in basal ganglia. DISCUSSION Phenotypes associated with APP duplications were heterogeneous with different clinical presentations including dementia, hemorrhage, and seizure and different radiological presentations, even within families. No apparent correlation with duplication size was found. Amyloid burden was severe and widely extended to cerebral vessels as suggested by hemorrhagic features on MRI and neuropathological data, making APP duplication an interesting model of CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Grangeon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France.
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Aline Zarea
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Stephane Rousseau
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Bendetowicz
- Neurology Department, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS and APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marion Lemaitre
- Geriatric department, Seclin-Carvin Hospital, Seclin, France
| | - Cécile Malrain
- Department of Neurology, Rennes Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Kevin Cassinari
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Maltete
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jeremie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Toulouse University Hospital and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC) INSERM-Univeristy of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besancon Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Elsa Dionet
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Felician
- APHM, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Gaelle Godeneche
- Department of Neurology, La Rochelle Hospital, La Rochelle, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Leslie Cartz-Piver
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche (CMRR), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Neurology Department, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS and APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière APHP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Chauvire
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Therèse Jonveaux
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Annie Laquerriere
- Department of Neuropathology, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Sorbonne Unviersité, INSERM, CNRS U1127, ICM and Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, Hospital Pitie-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vital
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - David Meyronet
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Civil University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Guyant-Marechal
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
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Qu W, Canoll P, Hargus G. Molecular Insights into Cell Type-specific Roles in Alzheimer's Disease: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Disease Modelling. Neuroscience 2023; 518:10-26. [PMID: 35569647 PMCID: PMC9974106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia resulting in widespread degeneration of the central nervous system with severe cognitive impairment. Despite the devastating toll of AD, the incomplete understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms hinders the expeditious development of effective cures. Emerging evidence from animal studies has shown that different brain cell types play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Glutamatergic neurons are preferentially affected in AD and pronounced gliosis contributes to the progression of AD in both a cell-autonomous and a non-cell-autonomous manner. Much has been discovered through genetically modified animal models, yet frequently failed translational attempts to clinical applications call for better disease models. Emerging evidence supports the significance of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived brain cells in modeling disease development and progression, opening new avenues for the discovery of molecular mechanisms. This review summarizes the function of different cell types in the pathogenesis of AD, such as neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, and recognizes the potential of utilizing the rapidly growing iPSC technology in modeling AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Reitz C, Pericak-Vance MA, Foroud T, Mayeux R. A global view of the genetic basis of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:261-277. [PMID: 37024647 PMCID: PMC10686263 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) increases with age, family history and informative genetic variants. Sadly, there is still no cure or means of prevention. As in other complex diseases, uncovering genetic causes of AD could identify underlying pathological mechanisms and lead to potential treatments. Rare, autosomal dominant forms of AD occur in middle age as a result of highly penetrant genetic mutations, but the most common form of AD occurs later in life. Large-scale, genome-wide analyses indicate that 70 or more genes or loci contribute to AD. One of the major factors limiting progress is that most genetic data have been obtained from non-Hispanic white individuals in Europe and North America, preventing the development of personalized approaches to AD in individuals of other ethnicities. Fortunately, emerging genetic data from other regions - including Africa, Asia, India and South America - are now providing information on the disease from a broader range of ethnicities. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on AD genetics in populations across the world. We predominantly focus on replicated genetic discoveries but also include studies in ethnic groups where replication might not be feasible. We attempt to identify gaps that need to be addressed to achieve a complete picture of the genetic and molecular factors that drive AD in individuals across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Ip FCF, Jiang Y, Cao H, Lv G, Zhong H, Chen J, Ye T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ma S, Lo RMN, Tong EPS, Mok VCT, Kwok TCY, Guo Q, Mok KY, Shoai M, Hardy J, Chen L, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Deep learning-based polygenic risk analysis for Alzheimer's disease prediction. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:49. [PMID: 37024668 PMCID: PMC10079691 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polygenic nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggests that multiple variants jointly contribute to disease susceptibility. As an individual's genetic variants are constant throughout life, evaluating the combined effects of multiple disease-associated genetic risks enables reliable AD risk prediction. Because of the complexity of genomic data, current statistical analyses cannot comprehensively capture the polygenic risk of AD, resulting in unsatisfactory disease risk prediction. However, deep learning methods, which capture nonlinearity within high-dimensional genomic data, may enable more accurate disease risk prediction and improve our understanding of AD etiology. Accordingly, we developed deep learning neural network models for modeling AD polygenic risk. METHODS We constructed neural network models to model AD polygenic risk and compared them with the widely used weighted polygenic risk score and lasso models. We conducted robust linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the AD polygenic risk derived from deep learning methods and AD endophenotypes (i.e., plasma biomarkers and individual cognitive performance). We stratified individuals by applying unsupervised clustering to the outputs from the hidden layers of the neural network model. RESULTS The deep learning models outperform other statistical models for modeling AD risk. Moreover, the polygenic risk derived from the deep learning models enables the identification of disease-associated biological pathways and the stratification of individuals according to distinct pathological mechanisms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that deep learning methods are effective for modeling the genetic risks of AD and other diseases, classifying disease risks, and uncovering disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Fanny C F Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yuanbing Jiang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han Cao
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Lv
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahang Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Ronnie M N Lo
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Estella P S Tong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy C Y Kwok
- Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kin Y Mok
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China.
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Liu Y. Zebrafish as a Model Organism for Studying Pathologic Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases and other Neural Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01340-w. [PMID: 37004595 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are widely considered an excellent vertebrate model for studying the pathogenesis of human diseases because of their transparency of embryonic development, easy breeding, high similarity with human genes, and easy gene manipulation. Previous studies have shown that zebrafish as a model organism provides an ideal operating platform for clarifying the pathological and molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and related human diseases. This review mainly summarizes the achievements and prospects of zebrafish used as model organisms in the research of neurodegenerative diseases and other human diseases related to the nervous system in recent years. In the future study of human disease mechanisms, the application of the zebrafish model will continue to provide a valuable operating platform and technical support for investigating and finding better prevention and treatment of these diseases, which has broad application prospects and practical significance. Zebrafish models used in neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Nursing and Health, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, 266427, China.
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80
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Eisenmenger LB, Peret A, Famakin BM, Spahic A, Roberts GS, Bockholt JH, Johnson KM, Paulsen JS. Vascular contributions to Alzheimer's disease. Transl Res 2023; 254:41-53. [PMID: 36529160 PMCID: PMC10481451 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Understanding the pathophysiology underlying AD is paramount for the management of individuals at risk of and suffering from AD. The vascular hypothesis stipulates a relationship between cardiovascular disease and AD-related changes although the nature of this relationship remains unknown. In this review, we discuss several potential pathological pathways of vascular involvement in AD that have been described including dysregulation of neurovascular coupling, disruption of the blood brain barrier, and reduced clearance of metabolite waste such as beta-amyloid, a toxic peptide considered the hallmark of AD. We will also discuss the two-hit hypothesis which proposes a 2-step positive feedback loop in which microvascular insults precede the accumulation of Aß and are thought to be at the origin of the disease development. At neuroimaging, signs of vascular dysfunction such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have been demonstrated, appearing early in AD, even before cognitive decline and alteration of traditional biomarkers. Cerebral small vessel disease such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, characterized by the aggregation of Aß in the vessel wall, is highly prevalent in vascular dementia and AD patients. Current data is unclear whether cardiovascular disease causes, precipitates, amplifies, precedes, or simply coincides with AD. Targeted imaging tools to quantitatively evaluate the intracranial vasculature and longitudinal studies in individuals at risk for or in the early stages of the AD continuum could be critical in disentangling this complex relationship between vascular disease and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Eisenmenger
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony Peret
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bolanle M Famakin
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alma Spahic
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Grant S Roberts
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy H Bockholt
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jane S Paulsen
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Reyes-Domínguez YA, Figuera LE, Brambila-Tapia AJL. Perceptions of Knowledge, Disease Impact and Predictive Genetic Testing in Family Members at Risk to Develop Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (EOAD) and Their Levels of Suicidal Ideation: A Mixed Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:501. [PMID: 36979311 PMCID: PMC10046467 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease, in which a founder effect has been described for A431E mutation in the PSEN1 gene, with most of the affected patients being residents of a small town in the state of Jalisco in Mexico. To date, no studies have been performed in order to know the impact of the disease on this population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions in the knowledge, the impact of the disease and the intention to take the predictive genetic testing in the population at genetic risk of Jalisco. For this objective, we performed a mixed study that included a qualitative methodology (semi-structured interviews), and, in addition, we measured suicidal ideation, stress and depression with quantitative instruments in order to compare them with a control group. Of the 28 invited individuals, 9 accepted to participate, from which, 5 (55.56%) participants did not know their genetic risk to develop the disease and 5 (55.56%) would want to take the predictive genetic testing in order to be prepared to face the disease; however, among those who did not want to know, 2 individuals (22.22%) mentioned that they would consider suicide if they were positive for the pathogenic variant. On the impact of the disease, we detected that the adaptation to the familiar's needs was the most frequent answer, including changes in their lifestyle (being responsible since very young, changes in social life and familiar dynamic), this being their main stressor, followed by changes in plans for the future and contemplating the possibility of being affected. Although no differences in stress and depression between groups were observed, we detected that suicidal ideation was significantly higher in the group of cases. These results highlight the importance to involve all the family in genetic counseling in order to clarify any doubts and also to attend to them psychologically to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Arlae Reyes-Domínguez
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Kandeel M, Morsy MA, Abd El-Lateef HM, Marzok M, El-Beltagi HS, Al Khodair KM, Albokhadaim I, Venugopala KN. Cognitive- and memory-enhancing effects of Augmentin in Alzheimer’s rats through regulation of gene expression and neuronal cell apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1154607. [PMID: 36969860 PMCID: PMC10033694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1154607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among older persons. This study looked at how Augmentin affected behavior, gene expression, and apoptosis in rats in which AD had been induced by scopolamine.Methods: The rats were divided into five groups: control, sham, memantine, Augmentin, and pre-Augmentin (the last group received Augmentin before scopolamine administration and was treated with memantine). A Morris water maze was utilized to measure spatial memory in the animals, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry were employed to analyze gene expression and neuronal cell apoptosis, respectively.Results: Memantine and Augmentin increased spatial memory in healthy rats. The use of scopolamine impaired spatial memory. Both Augmentin and memantine improved spatial memory in AD rats, particularly in the group that received memantine; however, the outcomes were more substantial when Augmentin was administered before scopolamine was given to induce AD. Furthermore, the expression of presenilin-2 (PSEN2) and inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ITPKB) increased, whereas the expression of DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) fell in the AD-treated groups; however, the results were more substantial after combination therapy. According to flow cytometry studies, Augmentin pre-treatment reduced apoptosis in AD rats.Discussion: The results showed that administering Augmentin to AD rats before memantine improved their spatial memory, reduced neuronal cell death, upregulated protective genes, and suppressed genes involved in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Kandeel,
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khalid M. Al Khodair
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Koueik J, Wesley UV, Dempsey RJ. Pathophysiology, cellular and molecular mechanisms of large and small vessel diseases. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105499. [PMID: 36746322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in aged population. CVD presents in a myriad number of clinical ways based on the functional location of pathology. While primary clinical emphasis has been placed on motor, speech and visual deficits, vascular cognitive decline is a vastly under recognized and devastating condition afflicting millions of Americans. CVD, a disease of the blood vessels that supply blood to brain involves an integration between small and large vessels. Cerebral large vessel diseases (LVD) are associated with atherosclerosis, artery-to-artery embolism, intracardiac embolism and a large vessel stroke leading to substantial functional disability. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is critically involved in stroke, brain hemorrhages, cognitive decline and functional loss in elderly patients. An evolving understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms emphasizes that inflammatory vascular changes contribute to systemic pathologic conditions of the central nervous systems (CNS), with specific clinical presentations including, cognitive decline. Advances in an understanding of pathophysiology of disease processes and therapeutic interventions may help improve outcomes. This review will focus on large and small vessels diseases and their relationship to vascular cognitive decline, atherosclerosis, stroke, and inflammatory neurodegeneration. We will also emphasize the molecular and cellular mechanisms, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors associated with LVD and SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Koueik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Wang B, Zhong X, Fields L, Lu H, Zhu Z, Li L. Structural Proteomic Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluids to Reveal Novel Conformational Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:459-471. [PMID: 36745855 PMCID: PMC10276618 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common representation of dementia, with brain pathological hallmarks of protein abnormal aggregation, such as with amyloid beta and tau protein. It is well established that posttranslational modifications on tau protein, particularly phosphorylation, increase the likelihood of its aggregation and subsequent formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of AD. As additional misfolded proteins presumably exist distinctly in AD disease states, which would serve as potential source of AD biomarkers, we used limited proteolysis-coupled with mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) to probe protein structural changes. After optimizing the LiP-MS conditions, we further applied this method to human cerebrospinal fluid specimens collected from healthy control, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subject groups to characterize proteome-wide misfolding tendencies as a result of disease progression. The fully tryptic peptides embedding LiP sites were compared with the half-tryptic peptides generated from internal cleavage of the same region to determine any structural unfolding or misfolding. We discovered hundreds of significantly up- and down-regulated peptides associated with MCI and AD indicating their potential structural changes in AD progression. Moreover, we detected 53 structurally changed regions in 12 proteins with high confidence between the healthy control and disease groups, illustrating the functional relevance of these proteins with AD progression. These newly discovered conformational biomarker candidates establish valuable future directions for exploring the molecular mechanism of designing therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Lauren Fields
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Haiyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Zexin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
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Wang B, Razavi S, Gamazon ER. Towards mechanistic models of mutational effects: Deep Learning on Alzheimer’s Aβ peptide. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2434-2445. [PMID: 37090430 PMCID: PMC10114515 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS) has enabled multiplexed measurement of mutational effects on protein properties, including kinematics and self-organization, with unprecedented resolution. However, potential bottlenecks of DMS characterization include experimental design, data quality, and depth of mutational coverage. Here, we apply deep learning to comprehensively model the mutational effect of the Alzheimer's Disease associated peptide Aβ42 on aggregation-related biochemical traits from DMS measurements. Among tested neural network architectures, Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks are found to be the most cost-effective models with high performance even under insufficiently-sampled DMS studies. While sequence features are essential for satisfactory prediction from neural networks, geometric-structural features further enhance the prediction performance. Notably, we demonstrate how mechanistic insights into phenotype may be extracted from the neural networks themselves suitably designed. This methodological benefit is particularly relevant for biochemical systems displaying a strong coupling between structure and phenotype such as the conformation of Aβ42 aggregate and nucleation, as shown here using a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN) developed from the protein atomic structure input. In addition to accurate imputation of missing values (which here ranged up to 55% of all phenotype values at key residues), the mutationally-defined nucleation phenotype generated from a GCN shows improved resolution for identifying known disease-causing mutations relative to the original DMS phenotype. Our study suggests that neural network derived sequence-phenotype mapping can be exploited not only to provide direct support for protein engineering or genome editing but also to facilitate therapeutic design with the gained perspectives from biological modeling.
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1144] [Impact Index Per Article: 1144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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87
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Santiago-Balmaseda A, Jeronimo-Aguilar P, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Cadena-Suárez AR, Sánchez-Garibay C, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J, Soto-Rojas LO. Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043754. [PMID: 36835161 PMCID: PMC9966419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1-5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Paola Jeronimo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
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Course MM, Gudsnuk K, Keene CD, Bird TD, Jayadev S, Valdmanis PN. Aberrant splicing of PSEN2, but not PSEN1, in individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2023; 146:507-518. [PMID: 35949106 PMCID: PMC10169283 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by dementia and premature death. Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease is caused in part by pathogenic variants in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and alternative splicing of these two genes has been implicated in both familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Here, we leveraged targeted isoform-sequencing to characterize thousands of complete PSEN1 and PSEN2 transcripts in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, familial Alzheimer's disease (carrying PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants), and controls. Our results reveal alternative splicing patterns of PSEN2 specific to sporadic Alzheimer's disease, including a human-specific cryptic exon present in intron 9 of PSEN2 as well as a 77 bp intron retention product before exon 6 that are both significantly elevated in sporadic Alzheimer's disease samples, alongside a significantly lower percentage of canonical full-length PSEN2 transcripts versus familial Alzheimer's disease samples and controls. Both alternatively spliced products are predicted to generate a prematurely truncated PSEN2 protein and were corroborated in an independent cerebellum RNA-sequencing dataset. In addition, our data in PSEN variant carriers is consistent with the hypothesis that PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants need to produce full-length but variant proteins to contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease, although intriguingly there were far fewer full-length transcripts carrying pathogenic alleles versus wild-type alleles in PSEN2 variant carriers. Finally, we identify frequent RNA editing at Alu elements present in an extended 3' untranslated region in PSEN2. Overall, this work expands the understanding of PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants in Alzheimer's disease, shows that transcript differences in PSEN2 may play a role in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, and suggests novel mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M Course
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Kathryn Gudsnuk
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul N Valdmanis
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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A Transgenic 5xFAD-M Line of Mice for Dendritic Spine Morphology Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020307. [PMID: 36831849 PMCID: PMC9954381 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are closely related to synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional changes in synaptic contacts are reflected in dendritic spine morphology. Visualization of neurons for morphological studies in vivo is complicated by the fixed brain slice staining or expensive adeno-associated virus injections. We created a transgenic 5xFAD-M line of mice with AD-associated mutations and expressed GFP protein in single neurons of the brain. This mouse model of AD is a useful tool for the simplified visualization of the hippocampal neurons' morphology in vivo without additional staining manipulations. The progressive elimination of mushroom spines was demonstrated in 5xFAD-M mice between 4 and 5 months of age. Five-month-old 5xFAD-M male and female mice showed change both in the total density and the mushroom spines number compared to sex-matched control. We conclude 5xFAD-M mice can be a useful AD model for studying the mechanisms of synaptic pathology under neurodegenerative conditions and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutic agents on spine morphology as crucial aspect of memory loss in AD.
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90
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Rigby Dames BA, Kilili H, Charvet CJ, Díaz-Barba K, Proulx MJ, de Sousa AA, Urrutia AO. Evolutionary and genomic perspectives of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 275:165-215. [PMID: 36841568 PMCID: PMC11191546 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter utilizes genomic concepts and evolutionary perspectives to further understand the possible links between typical brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the two most prevalent of these: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Aging is the major risk factor for these neurodegenerative diseases. Researching the evolutionary and molecular underpinnings of aging helps to reveal elements of the typical aging process that leave individuals more vulnerable to neurodegenerative pathologies. Very little is known about the prevalence and susceptibility of neurodegenerative diseases in nonhuman species, as only a few individuals have been observed with these neuropathologies. However, several studies have investigated the evolution of lifespan, which is closely connected with brain size in mammals, and insights can be drawn from these to enrich our understanding of neurodegeneration. This chapter explores the relationship between the typical aging process and the events in neurodegeneration. First, we examined how age-related processes can increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Second, we assessed to what extent neurodegeneration is an accelerated form of aging. We found that while at the phenotypic level both neurodegenerative diseases and the typical aging process share some characteristics, at the molecular level they show some distinctions in their profiles, such as variation in genes and gene expression. Furthermore, neurodegeneration of the brain is associated with an earlier onset of cellular, molecular, and structural age-related changes. In conclusion, a more integrative view of the aging process, both from a molecular and an evolutionary perspective, may increase our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brier A Rigby Dames
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J Charvet
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Karina Díaz-Barba
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México; Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Michael J Proulx
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México; Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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91
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PSEN2 and ABCA7 variants causing early-onset preclinical pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease: a case report and literature review. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1987-2001. [PMID: 36701017 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and highly heritable neurodegenerative disease. Early-onset AD (EOAD) was defined as AD occurring before age 65. Although it has a high genetic risk, EOAD due to PSEN2 variation is very rare. ABCA7 is an important risk gene for AD. Previously reported cases mainly carried variations in a single pathogenic or risk gene. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we report a 35-year-old female carrying variants in both the PSEN2 gene (c.640G > T p.V214L) and ABCA7 gene (c.2848G > A p.V950M). Four previously reported cases carried PSEN2 V214L, and no reported cases carried ABCA7 V950M. She had a history of migraine, patent foramen ovale, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage without aneurysm, and multiple cerebral microhemorrhages. Her MMSE score was 24/30, and her MoCA score was 22/30. The concentration of Aβ42 and the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 in cerebral spinal fluid were obviously decreased. Published variants of PSEN2 and ABCA7 in PubMed were reviewed, and the patients' characteristics were summarized and compared to provide information for the clinical diagnosis of AD. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to conduct genetic screening in cases with atypical manifestations.
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Mhalhel K, Sicari M, Pansera L, Chen J, Levanti M, Diotel N, Rastegar S, Germanà A, Montalbano G. Zebrafish: A Model Deciphering the Impact of Flavonoids on Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020252. [PMID: 36672187 PMCID: PMC9856690 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, advances in biotechnology, biochemistry, and pharmacognosy have spotlighted flavonoids, polyphenolic secondary metabolites that have the ability to modulate many pathways involved in various biological mechanisms, including those involved in neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Moreover, flavonoids are known to impact the biological processes involved in developing neurodegenerative diseases, namely oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, several flavonoids could be used as adjuvants to prevent and counteract neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Zebrafish is an interesting model organism that can offer new opportunities to study the beneficial effects of flavonoids on neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the high genome homology of 70% to humans, the brain organization largely similar to the human brain as well as the similar neuroanatomical and neurochemical processes, and the high neurogenic activity maintained in the adult brain makes zebrafish a valuable model for the study of human neurodegenerative diseases and deciphering the impact of flavonoids on those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mhalhel
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirea Sicari
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Lidia Pansera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Jincan Chen
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Levanti
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de la Réunion, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (G.M.); Tel.: +49-721-608-22507 (S.R.); +39-090-6766822 (G.M.)
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab., Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (G.M.); Tel.: +49-721-608-22507 (S.R.); +39-090-6766822 (G.M.)
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Xie D, Deng T, Zhai Z, Sun T, Xu Y. The cellular model for Alzheimer's disease research: PC12 cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1016559. [PMID: 36683856 PMCID: PMC9846650 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1016559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and irreversible memory impairment. Currently, several studies have failed to fully elucidate AD's cellular and molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, research on related cellular models may propose potential predictive models for the drug development of AD. Therefore, many cells characterized by neuronal properties are widely used to mimic the pathological process of AD, such as PC12, SH-SY5Y, and N2a, especially the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line. Thus, this review covers the most systematic essay that used PC12 cells to study AD. We depict the cellular source, culture condition, differentiation methods, transfection methods, drugs inducing AD, general approaches (evaluation methods and metrics), and in vitro cellular models used in parallel with PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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94
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Noori L, Filip K, Nazmara Z, Mahakizadeh S, Hassanzadeh G, Caruso Bavisotto C, Bucchieri F, Marino Gammazza A, Cappello F, Wnuk M, Scalia F. Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles and Molecular Chaperones in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders of the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020927. [PMID: 36674442 PMCID: PMC9861359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the abnormal aggregation of misfolded proteins that form amyloid deposits which possess prion-like behavior such as self-replication, intercellular transmission, and consequent induction of native forms of the same protein in surrounding cells. The distribution of the accumulated proteins and their correlated toxicity seem to be involved in the progression of nervous system degeneration. Molecular chaperones are known to maintain proteostasis, contribute to protein refolding to protect their function, and eliminate fatally misfolded proteins, prohibiting harmful effects. However, chaperone network efficiency declines during aging, prompting the onset and the development of neurological disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membranous structures produced by a wide range of cells under physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting their significant role in fundamental processes particularly in cellular communication. They modulate the behavior of nearby and distant cells through their biological cargo. In the pathological context, EVs transport disease-causing entities, including prions, α-syn, and tau, helping to spread damage to non-affected areas and accelerating the progression of neurodegeneration. However, EVs are considered effective for delivering therapeutic factors to the nervous system, since they are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are involved in the transportation of a variety of cellular entities. Here, we review the neurodegeneration process caused mainly by the inefficiency of chaperone systems as well as EV performance in neuropathies, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and a promising EV-based therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Noori
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | - Kamila Filip
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zohreh Nazmara
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | - Simin Mahakizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149779453, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.B.); (F.S.)
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95
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Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Selman A, Reddy PH. Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitophagy. Neuroscientist 2023:10738584221139761. [PMID: 36597577 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and phosphorylated τ protein aggregates in the brain, which leads to the loss of neurons. Under the microscope, the function of mitochondria is uniquely primed to play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival, energy metabolism, and cell death. Research studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative damage, and defective mitophagy in neurons are early indicators of AD. This review article summarizes the latest development of mitochondria in AD: 1) disease mechanism pathways, 2) the importance of mitochondria in neuronal functions, 3) metabolic pathways and functions, 4) the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy mechanisms in AD, and 5) the development of potential mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics and interventions to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaria Baig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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96
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Lardelli M. An Alternative View of Familial Alzheimer's Disease Genetics. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:13-39. [PMID: 37718800 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Probabilistic and parsimony-based arguments regarding available genetics data are used to propose that Hardy and Higgin's amyloid cascade hypothesis is valid but is commonly interpreted too narrowly to support, incorrectly, the primacy of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in driving Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Instead, increased activity of the βCTF (C99) fragment of AβPP is the critical pathogenic determinant altered by mutations in the APP gene. This model is consistent with the regulation of APP mRNA translation via its 5' iron responsive element. Similar arguments support that the pathological effects of familial Alzheimer's disease mutations in the genes PSEN1 and PSEN2 are not exerted directly via changes in AβPP cleavage to produce different ratios of Aβ length. Rather, these mutations likely act through effects on presenilin holoprotein conformation and function, and possibly the formation and stability of multimers of presenilin holoprotein and/or of the γ-secretase complex. All fAD mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 likely find unity of pathological mechanism in their actions on endolysosomal acidification and mitochondrial function, with detrimental effects on iron homeostasis and promotion of "pseudo-hypoxia" being of central importance. Aβ production is enhanced and distorted by oxidative stress and accumulates due to decreased lysosomal function. It may act as a disease-associated molecular pattern enhancing oxidative stress-driven neuroinflammation during the cognitive phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lardelli
- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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97
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A New Presenilin-1 Missense Variant Associated With a Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-like Phenotype. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:82-84. [PMID: 35383591 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset forms of Alzheimer disease (AD) have been associated with pathogenic variants in the APP , PSEN1 , and PSEN2 genes. Mutations in presenilin-1 ( PSEN1 ) account for the majority of cases of autosomal dominant AD. Numerous phenotypes have been associated with PSEN1 -pathogenic variants, including cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraplegia. Here, we describe a patient with early-onset AD presenting with extrapyramidal symptoms and supranuclear gaze palsy, mimicking progressive supranuclear palsy.
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98
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Rudenskaya GE, Petukhova MS, Zabnenkova VV, Cherevatova TB, Ryzhkova OP. [Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis associated with PSEN1 gene]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:120-127. [PMID: 37994898 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A familial case of a rare autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), related to PSEN1 gene (AD3, OMIM 607822), differing from common multifactorial form by earlier onset and, in part of cases, by accompanying neurological signs, spastic paraparesis particularly, is presented. The first sign in a female proband and in her son was paraparesis manifested at the age of 29 and 21 years, respectively. Cognitive disturbances developed soon; the former diagnosis was hereditary spastic paraplegia with cognitive impairment, In the proband examined in 2008 at 33 years old the diagnosis was not established. In the son examined in 2022 at 27 years old whole-exome sequencing detected a novel PSEN1 missense mutation p.Thr421Ala. The mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in him, found out in the proband (who was severely disabled by that time) and excluded in her unaffected mother. Except for different age of onset, AD3 in two patients was similar, though in whole it is variable, also in relatives. The variability and rareness of the disease hampers clinical diagnostics. Massive parallel sequencing is a most reliable diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M S Petukhova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - O P Ryzhkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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99
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Abondio P, Bruno F, Bruni AC, Luiselli D. Rare Amyloid Precursor Protein Point Mutations Recapitulate Worldwide Migration and Admixture in Healthy Individuals: Implications for the Study of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415871. [PMID: 36555510 PMCID: PMC9781461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic discoveries related to Alzheimer's disease and other dementias have been performed using either large cohorts of affected subjects or multiple individuals from the same pedigree, therefore disregarding mutations in the context of healthy groups. Moreover, a large portion of studies so far have been performed on individuals of European ancestry, with a remarkable lack of epidemiological and genomic data from underrepresented populations. In the present study, 70 single-point mutations on the APP gene in a publicly available genetic dataset that included 2504 healthy individuals from 26 populations were scanned, and their distribution was analyzed. Furthermore, after gametic phase reconstruction, a pairwise comparison of the segments surrounding the mutations was performed to reveal patterns of haplotype sharing that could point to specific cross-population and cross-ancestry admixture events. Eight mutations were detected in the worldwide dataset, with several of them being specific for a single individual, population, or macroarea. Patterns of segment sharing reflected recent historical events of migration and admixture possibly linked to colonization campaigns. These observations reveal the population dynamics of the considered APP mutations in worldwide human groups and support the development of ancestry-informed screening practices for the improvement of precision and personalized approaches to neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Center for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Amalia Cecilia Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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100
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Mukerjee N, Al-Khafaji K, Maitra S, Suhail Wadi J, Sachdeva P, Ghosh A, Buchade RS, Chaudhari SY, Jadhav SB, Das P, Hasan MM, Rahman MH, Albadrani GM, Altyar AE, Kamel M, Algahtani M, Shinan K, Theyab A, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM, Rahman MM, Sharma R. Recognizing novel drugs against Keap1 in Alzheimer's disease using machine learning grounded computational studies. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1036552. [PMID: 36561895 PMCID: PMC9764216 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1036552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world, affecting an estimated 50 million individuals. The nerve cells become impaired and die due to the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Dementia is one of the most common symptoms seen in people with AD. Genes, lifestyle, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, obesity, infections, and head injuries are some of the factors that can contribute to the development and progression of AD. There are just a few FDA-approved treatments without side effects in the market, and their efficacy is restricted due to their narrow target in the etiology of AD. Therefore, our aim is to identify a safe and potent treatment for Alzheimer's disease. We chose the ursolic acid (UA) and its similar compounds as a compounds' library. And the ChEMBL database was adopted to obtain the active and inactive chemicals against Keap1. The best Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was created by evaluating standard machine learning techniques, and the best model has the lowest RMSE and greatest R2 (Random Forest Regressor). We chose pIC50 of 6.5 as threshold, where the top five potent medicines (DB06841, DB04310, DB11784, DB12730, and DB12677) with the highest predicted pIC50 (7.091184, 6.900866, 6.800155, 6.768965, and 6.756439) based on QSAR analysis. Furthermore, the top five medicines utilize as ligand molecules were docked in Keap1's binding region. The structural stability of the nominated medications was then evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonding. All models are stable at 20 ns during simulation, with no major fluctuations observed. Finally, the top five medications are shown as prospective inhibitors of Keap1 and are the most promising to battle AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Punya Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Rahul Subhash Buchade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SCES’s Indira College of Pharmacy “Niramay”, Pune, India
| | - Somdatta Yashwant Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Progressive Education Society’s Modern College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Shailaja B. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Progressive Education Society’s Modern College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Padmashree Das
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood Shinan
- Department of Computer Science, College Computer Science in Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,*Correspondence: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim,
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India,Rohit Sharma,
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