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Iacob SA, Iacob DG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:814209. [PMID: 35355551 PMCID: PMC8959898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.814209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in HIV and HBV infected patients. HIV plays an early and direct role in the development of metabolic syndrome by disrupting the mechanism of adipogenesis and synthesis of adipokines. Adipokines, molecules that regulate the lipid metabolism, also contribute to the progression of NAFLD either directly or via hepatic organokines (hepatokines). Most hepatokines play a direct role in lipid homeostasis and liver inflammation but their role in the evolution of NAFLD is not well defined. The role of HBV in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is controversial. HBV has been previously associated with a decreased level of triglycerides and with a protective role against the development of steatosis and metabolic syndrome. At the same time HBV displays a high fibrogenetic and oncogenetic potential. In the HIV/HBV co-infection, the metabolic changes are initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction as well as by the fatty overload of the liver, two interconnected mechanisms. The evolution of NAFLD is further perpetuated by the inflammatory response to these viral agents and by the variable toxicity of the antiretroviral therapy. The current article discusses the pathogenic changes and the contribution of the hepatokine/adipokine axis in the development of NAFLD as well as the implications of HIV and HBV infection in the breakdown of the hepatokine/adipokine axis and NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alexandra Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Diana Gabriela Iacob,
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Yin F, Lin P, Yu WQ, Shen N, Li Y, Guo SD. The Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharide CM1 Alleviates Atherosclerosis in LDLR (-/-) Mice by Improving Hyperlipidemia. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:783807. [PMID: 34966782 PMCID: PMC8710727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.783807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has a high mortality worldwide. Our lab previously purified a polysaccharide designated as CM1 with (1→4)-β-D-Glcp and (1→2)-α-D-Manp glycosyls as the backbone. In this study, we investigated the anti-atherosclerosis effect of CM1 and the underlying mechanisms of action in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-) mouse model. It was found that CM1 significantly decreased the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Mechanistically, CM1 enhanced plasma level of apolipoprotein A-I and decreased the plasma levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, and total cholesterol. In the absence of LDLR, CM1 elevated the expression of very low-density lipoprotein receptor for liver uptake of plasma apolipoprotein B-containing particles and reduced hepatic triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. CM1 improved lipids excretion by increasing the liver X receptor α/ATP-binding cassette G5 pathway in small intestine. CM1 reduced lipogenesis and lipolysis by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adipose triglyceride lipase in epididymal fat. Furthermore, CM1 improved lipid profile in C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, CM1 can modulate lipid metabolism by multiple pathways, contributing to reduced plasma lipid level and formation of atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR(-/-) mice. This molecule could be explored as a potential compound for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Yu WQ, Yin F, Shen N, Lin P, Xia B, Li YJ, Guo SD. Polysaccharide CM1 from Cordyceps militaris hinders adipocyte differentiation and alleviates hyperlipidemia in LDLR (+/-) hamsters. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:178. [PMID: 34895241 PMCID: PMC8667404 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cordyceps militaris is cultured widely as an edible mushroom and accumulating evidence in mice have demonstrated that the polysaccharides of Cordyceps species have lipid-lowering effects. However, lipid metabolism in mice is significantly different from that in humans, making a full understanding of the mechanisms at play critical. Methods After 5 months, the hamsters were weighed and sampled under anesthesia after overnight fasting. The lipid-lowering effect and mechanisms of the polysaccharide CM1 was investigated by cellular and molecular technologies. Furthermore, the effect of the polysaccharide CM1 (100 μg/mL) on inhibiting adipocyte differentiation was investigated in vitro. Results CM1, a polysaccharide from C. militaris, significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and epididymal fat index in LDLR(+/−) hamsters, which have a human-like lipid profile. After 5 months’ administration, CM1 decreased the plasma level of apolipoprotein B48, modulated the expression of key genes and proteins in liver, small intestine, and epididymal fat. CM1 also inhibited preadipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by downregulating the key genes involved in lipid droplet formation. Conclusions The polysaccharide CM1 lowers lipid and adipocyte differentiation by several pathways, and it has potential applications for hyperlipidemia prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01606-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China
| | - Nuo Shen
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China.
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Baotongxi street 7166#, Weifang, Shandong province, China.
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Beta vulgaris L. (Beetroot) Methanolic Extract Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Damage in T2DM Rats by Hypoglycemic, Insulin-Sensitizing, Antioxidant Effects, and Upregulation of PPARα. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121306. [PMID: 34943221 PMCID: PMC8698622 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Beetroot is one of the most consumable plants across the world. Previous studies have shown many health benefits of beetroot, with evidence of having potent hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The data obtained from this study further confirmed this effect in streptozotocin-diabetic animals. They showed the ability of methanolic beetroot extract to prevent the associated hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, steatosis, and dyslipidaemia. However, the protection mechanisms involve, at least, upregulation of endogenous antioxidants, anti-apoptotic Bcl2, and PPARα. Abstract The present study examined if methanolic beetroot extract (BE) could prevent dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis and damage in a type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model and studied some mechanisms of action. T2DM was induced in adult male Wistar rats by a low single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg, i.p) and a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 5 weeks. Control or T2DM rats then continued on standard or HFDs for another 12 weeks and were treated with the vehicle or BE (250 or 500 mg/kg). BE, at both doses, significantly improved liver structure and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in the livers of T2DM rats. They also reduced body weight gain, serum glucose, insulin levels, serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and serum levels of low-density lipoproteins in T2DM rats. In concomitant, they significantly reduced serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, tumor-necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and mRNA of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and SREBP1/2. However, both doses of BE significantly increased hepatic levels of total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and mRNA levels of Bcl2 and PPARα in the livers of both the control and T2DM rats. All of these effects were dose-dependent and more profound with doses of 500 mg/kg. In conclusion, chronic feeding of BE to STZ/HFD-induced T2DM in rats prevents hepatic steatosis and liver damage by its hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing effects and its ability to upregulate antioxidants and PPARα.
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Chen YC, Chen RJ, Peng SY, Yu WCY, Chang VHS. Therapeutic Targeting of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Downregulating SREBP-1C Expression via AMPK-KLF10 Axis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751938. [PMID: 34869587 PMCID: PMC8633436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is a phospho-regulated transcriptional factor involved in many biological processes including lipogenesis; however, the transcriptional regulation on lipogenesis by KLF10 remains largely unclear. Lipogenesis is important in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which was known regulated mainly by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1C). Interesting, our previous study using phosphorylated site prediction suggested a regulation of AMPK on KLF10. Therefore, we aimed to study the protein–protein interactions of AMPK on the regulation of KLF10, and to delineate the mechanisms of phosphorylated KLF10 in the regulation of NAFLD through SREBP-1C. We performed in vitro and in vivo assays that identified AMPK phosphorylates KLF10 at Thr189 and subsequently modulates the steady state level of KLF10. Meanwhile, a chromatin immunoprecipitation–chip assay revealed the novel target genes and signaling cascades of corresponding to phosphorylated KLF10. SREBP-1C was identified as a target gene suppressed by phosphorylated KLF10 through promoter binding. We further performed high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD models using hepatic-specific KLF10 knockout mice and wild-type mice and revealed that KLF10 knockout markedly led to more severe NAFLD than that in wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings revealed for the first time that AMPK activates and stabilizes the KLF10 protein via phosphorylation at Thr189, thereby repressing the expression of SREBP-1C and subsequent lipogenesis pathways along with metabolic disorders. We suggested that the targeted manipulation of liver metabolism, particularly through increased KLF10 expression, is a potential alternative solution for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Peng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Winston C Y Yu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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Sellers J, Brooks A, Fernando S, Westenberger G, Junkins S, Smith S, Min K, Lawan A. Fasting-Induced Upregulation of MKP-1 Modulates the Hepatic Response to Feeding. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113941. [PMID: 34836195 PMCID: PMC8619756 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in whole-body, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Nutritional signals in response to fasting and refeeding regulate hepatic lipid synthesis. It is established that activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in response to overnutrition regulates MAPK-dependent pathways that control lipid metabolism in the liver. However, the regulatory mechanisms and the impact of the actions of MKP-1 in hepatic response to fasting remains unclear. We investigated the effect of fasting on the expression of MKP-1 and the impact on hepatic response to feeding. In this study, we demonstrate that fasting stress induced upregulation of hepatic MKP-1 protein levels with a corresponding downregulation of p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation in mouse livers. We found that MKP-1-deficient livers are resistant to fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Hepatic MKP-1 deficiency impaired fasting-induced changes in the levels of key transcription factors involved in the regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism including Srebf2 and Srebf1c. Mechanistically, MKP-1 negatively regulates Srebf2 expression by attenuating p38 MAPK pathway, suggesting its contribution to the metabolic effects of MKP-1 deficiency in the fasting liver. These findings support the hypothesis that upregulation of MKP-1 is a physiological relevant response and might be beneficial in hepatic lipid utilization during fasting in the liver. Collectively, these data unravel some of the complexity and tissue specific interaction of MKP-1 action in response to changes in nutritional cues, including fasting and excess nutrients
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sellers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Abigail Brooks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Savanie Fernando
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Gabrielle Westenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Sadie Junkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Shauri Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
| | - Ahmed Lawan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-256-824-6264
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SREBP1c silencing reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and related apoptosis in oleic acid induced lipid accumulation. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1009096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sozen E, Demirel-Yalciner T, Sari D, Avcilar C, Samanci TF, Ozer NK. Deficiency of SREBP1c modulates autophagy mediated lipid droplet catabolism during oleic acid induced steatosis. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100138. [PMID: 34704008 PMCID: PMC8526780 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increased fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in liver, majorly modulated by Sterol Regulator Elementing Binding Protein 1c (SREBP1c), is one of the main features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the present study, we aimed to identify the relation between SREBP1c and autophagy mediated lipid droplet (LD) catabolism in oleic acid (OA) induced lipid accumulation. Methods Increased LD formation and SREBP1c induction were identified in hepatocytes (AML12 cells) following the OA administration. SREBP1c level was reduced through siRNA against SREBP1c. The amount and the size of LDs were determined by BODIPY, while protein and mRNA expressions were identified by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. LD-lysosome colocalization was determined with immunofluorescence. Results Increased LD formation and SREBP1c levels were determined at 0.06 mM OA concentration. SREBP1c silencing reduced the number of LDs, while increasing mRNA levels of PPARα. On the other hand, SREBP1c silencing in non-OA and OA treated cells enhanced autophagy mediated LD catabolism. Conclusion Our results implicate the effect of SREBP1c deficiency in modulating PPARα signaling and autophagy mediated LD catabolism against OA induced lipid accumulation.
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Key Words
- Autophagy
- FASN, Fatty acid synthase
- LAMP1, Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- LC3, Microtubule-Associated Protein Light Chain 3
- LD, Lipid droplet
- Lipid accumulation
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OA, Oleic acid
- PA, Palmitic acid
- PPARα, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
- SCD-1, Stereoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- SREBP, Sterol regulatory element binding protein
- SREBP1c
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Dyana Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Ceren Avcilar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Tuna Felix Samanci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
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Lee K, Yu H, Shouse S, Kong B, Lee J, Lee SH, Ko KS. RNA-Seq Reveals Different Gene Expression in Liver-Specific Prohibitin 1 Knock-Out Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:717911. [PMID: 34539442 PMCID: PMC8446661 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.717911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) is an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein that stabilizes mitochondrial chaperone. Our previous studies showed that liver-specific Phb1 deficiency induced liver injuries and aggravated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced innate immune responses. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis with liver tissues to investigate global gene expression among liver-specific Phb1−/−, Phb1+/−, and WT mice, focusing on the differentially expressed (DE) genes between Phb1+/− and WT. When 78 DE genes were analyzed for biological functions, using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) tool, lipid metabolism-related genes, including insulin receptor (Insr), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), Srebf2, and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (Scap) appeared to be downregulated in liver-specific Phb1+/− compared with WT. Diseases and biofunctions analyses conducted by IPA verified that hepatic system diseases, including liver fibrosis, liver hyperplasia/hyperproliferation, and liver necrosis/cell death, which may be caused by hepatotoxicity, were highly associated with liver-specific Phb1 deficiency in mice. Interestingly, of liver disease-related 5 DE genes between Phb1+/− and WT, the mRNA expressions of forkhead box M1 (Foxm1) and TIMP inhibitor of metalloproteinase (Timp1) were matched with validation for RNA-seq in liver tissues and AML12 cells transfected with Phb1 siRNA. The results in this study provide additional insights into molecular mechanisms responsible for increasing susceptibility of liver injuries associated with hepatic Phb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonju Yu
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephanie Shouse
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
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Alshehri AS, El-Kott AF, El-Kenawy AE, Khalifa HS, AlRamlawy AM. Cadmium chloride induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by stimulating miR-34a/SIRT1/FXR/p53 axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147182. [PMID: 34088068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The hepatic activation of p53/miR-43a-induced suppression of SIRT1/FXR axis plays a significant role in the development of NAFLD. In this study, we have investigated CdCl2-induced NAFLD in rats involves activation of miR34a/SIRT1/FXR axis. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups (n-8/each) as a control, CdCl2 (10 mg/l), CdCl2 + miR-34a antagomir (inhibitor), and CdCl2 + SRT1720 (a SIRT1 activator) for 8 weeks, daily. With no effect on fasting glucose and insulin levels, CdCl2 significantly reduced rats' final body, fat pads, and liver weights, and food intake. Concomitantly, it increased the circulatory levels of liver markers (ALT, AST, and γ-GTT), increased the serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides coincided with increased hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, it increased the mRNA and protein levels of SREBP1, SREBP2, FAS, and HMGCOA reductase but reduced mRNA levels of PPARα, CPT1, and CPT2. Interestingly, CdCl2 also increased mRNA levels of miR34 without altering mRNA levels of SIRT1 but with a significant reduction in protein levels of SIRT1. These effects were associated with increased total protein levels of p53 and acetylated protein of p53, and FXR. Of note, suppressing miR-34a with a specific anatomic or activating SIRT1 by SRT1720 completely prevented all these effects and reduced hepatic fat accumulations in the livers of rats. In conclusion, CdCl2 induced NAFLD by increasing the transcription of miR-34a which in turn downregulates SIRT1 at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E El-Kenawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Khalifa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amira M AlRamlawy
- Mansoura Research Centre for Cord Stem Cell (MARC-CSC), Stem cells bank, Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rowan-Carroll A, Reardon A, Leingartner K, Gagné R, Williams A, Meier MJ, Kuo B, Bourdon-Lacombe J, Moffat I, Carrier R, Nong A, Lorusso L, Ferguson SS, Atlas E, Yauk C. High-Throughput Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Primary Hepatocyte Spheroids Exposed to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances as a Platform for Relative Potency Characterization. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:199-214. [PMID: 33772556 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely found in the environment because of their extensive use and persistence. Although several PFAS are well studied, most lack toxicity data to inform human health hazard and risk assessment. This study focused on 4 model PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 8 carbon), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS; 4 carbon), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 8 carbon), and perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS; 10 carbon). Human primary liver cell spheroids (pooled from 10 donors) were exposed to 10 concentrations of each PFAS and analyzed at 4 time points. The approach aimed to: (1) identify gene expression changes mediated by the PFAS, (2) identify similarities in biological responses, (3) compare PFAS potency through benchmark concentration analysis, and (4) derive bioactivity exposure ratios (ratio of the concentration at which biological responses occur, relative to daily human exposure). All PFAS induced transcriptional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism pathways, and predicted PPARα activation. PFOS exhibited the most transcriptional activity and had a highly similar gene expression profile to PFDS. PFBS induced the least transcriptional changes and the highest benchmark concentration (ie, was the least potent). The data indicate that these PFAS may have common molecular targets and toxicities, but that PFOS and PFDS are the most similar. The transcriptomic bioactivity exposure ratios derived here for PFOA and PFOS were comparable to those derived using rodent apical endpoints in risk assessments. These data provide a baseline level of toxicity for comparison with other known PFAS using this testing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rowan-Carroll
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anthony Reardon
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Karen Leingartner
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Remi Gagné
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Matthew J Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Julie Bourdon-Lacombe
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ivy Moffat
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard Carrier
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andy Nong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Luigi Lorusso
- Chemicals and Environmental Health Management Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Carole Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB) Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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63
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Nguyen-Lefebvre AT, Selzner N, Wrana JL, Bhat M. The hippo pathway: A master regulator of liver metabolism, regeneration, and disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21570. [PMID: 33831275 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002284rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the only visceral organ in the body with a tremendous capacity to regenerate in response to insults that induce inflammation, cell death, and injury. Liver regeneration is a complicated process involving a well-orchestrated activation of non-parenchymal cells in the injured area and proliferation of undamaged hepatocytes. Furthermore, the liver has a Hepatostat, defined as adjustment of its volume to that required for homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms that control different steps of liver regeneration is critical to informing therapies for liver repair, to help patients with liver disease. The Hippo signaling pathway is well known for playing an essential role in the control and regulation of liver size, regeneration, stem cell self-renewal, and liver cancer. Thus, the Hippo pathway regulates dynamic cell fates in liver, and in absence of its downstream effectors YAP and TAZ, liver regeneration is severely impaired, and the proliferative expansion of liver cells blocked. We will mainly review upstream mechanisms activating the Hippo signaling pathway following partial hepatectomy in mouse model and patients, its roles during different steps of liver regeneration, metabolism, and cancer. We will also discuss how targeting the Hippo signaling cascade might improve liver regeneration and suppress liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen-Lefebvre
- Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazia Selzner
- Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mamatha Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure exacerbates metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112439. [PMID: 34303773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both phthalate exposure and obesity are positively associated with metabolic disorders. The study aimed to investigate whether DEHP exposure caused metabolic disorders in an obesity-dependent manner. Both lean and diet-induced obese mice were subjected to environmentally relevant DEHP exposure. DEHP-treated obese mice exhibited higher glucose intolerance and insulin resistance than obese mice; the metabolic disorders were accompanied by increased blood levels of leptin, LDL cholesterol, and alanine transaminase. In obese mice, DEHP enhanced macrophage infiltration into epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and hepatic tissue, and promoted hepatic steatosis/steatohepatitis. The DEHP effects were not observed in lean mice. Transcriptomic changes in eWAT and hepatic tissue were determined with microarray analysis. Results indicated that obesity and DEHP synergistically regulated carbohydrate uptake, lipolysis, and abnormality of adipose tissue, via the upstream regulators Pparg, Lipe, Cd44, and Irs1. Meanwhile, obesity and DEHP differentially modulated transcriptomic changes in hepatic tissue. Obesity was associated with lipid/cholesterol synthesis, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in hepatic tissue via the upstream regulators Zbtb20 and Nr1i2. In obese mice, DEHP exposure caused hepatic injury, cell migration, and changes in glycogen quantity mainly via Cd44. Microarray analysis suggested the potential mechanism underlying the early onset of metabolic disorders in DEHP-treated obese mice.
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Hamilton MC, Heintz MM, Pfohl M, Marques E, Ford L, Slitt AL, Baldwin WS. Increased toxicity and retention of perflourooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in humanized CYP2B6-Transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice is relieved by a high-fat diet (HFD). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112175. [PMID: 33838175 PMCID: PMC8154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PFOS is a persistent, fluorosurfactant used in multiple products. Murine Cyp2b's are induced by PFOS and high-fat diets (HFD) and therefore we hypothesized that human CYP2B6 may alleviate PFOS-induced steatosis. Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice were treated with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day PFOS by oral gavage for 21-days while provided a chow diet (ND) or HFD. Similar to murine Cyp2b10, CYP2B6 is inducible by PFOS. Furthermore, three ND-fed hCYP2B6-Tg females treated with 10 mg/kg/day PFOS died during the exposure period; neither Cyp2b-null nor HFD-fed mice died. hCYP2B6-Tg mice retained more PFOS in serum and liver than Cyp2b-null mice presumably causing the observed toxicity. In contrast, serum PFOS retention was reduced in the HFD-fed hCYP2B6-Tg mice; the opposite trend observed in HFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice. Hepatotoxicity biomarkers, ALT and ALP, were higher in PFOS-treated mice and repressed by a HFD. However, PFOS combined with a HFD exacerbated steatosis in all mice, especially in the hCYP2B6-Tg mice with significant disruption of key lipid metabolism genes such as Srebp1, Pparg, and Hmgcr. In conclusion, CYP2B6 is induced by PFOS but does not alleviate PFOS toxicity presumably due to increased retention. CYP2B6 protects from PFOS-mediated steatosis in ND-fed mice, but increases steatosis when co-treated with a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hamilton
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Melissa M Heintz
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marisa Pfohl
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Lucie Ford
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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Arumugam MK, Paal MC, Donohue TM, Ganesan M, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:456. [PMID: 34067313 PMCID: PMC8224793 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and many food ingredients possess favorable biological properties that contribute to their therapeutic activities. One such natural product is betaine, a stable, nontoxic natural substance that is present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is also endogenously synthesized through the metabolism of choline or exogenously consumed through dietary intake. Betaine mainly functions as (i) an osmolyte and (ii) a methyl-group donor. This review describes the major physiological effects of betaine in whole-body health and its ability to protect against both liver- as well as non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Betaine's role in preventing/attenuating both alcohol-induced and metabolic-associated liver diseases has been well studied and is extensively reviewed here. Several studies show that betaine protects against the development of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of damaged proteins. Additionally, it can significantly prevent/attenuate progressive liver injury by preserving gut integrity and adipose function. The protective effects are primarily associated with the regulation of methionine metabolism through removing homocysteine and maintaining cellular SAM:SAH ratios. Similarly, betaine prevents metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression. In addition, betaine has a neuroprotective role, preserves myocardial function, and prevents pancreatic steatosis. Betaine also attenuates oxidant stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and cancer development. To conclude, betaine exerts significant therapeutic and biological effects that are potentially beneficial for alleviating a diverse number of human diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew C. Paal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Arrb2 causes hepatic lipid metabolism disorder via AMPK pathway based on metabolomics in alcoholic fatty liver. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1213-1232. [PMID: 33871024 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is an early form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that usually manifests as lipid synthesis abnormalities in hepatocytes. β-arrestin2 (Arrb2) is involved in multiple biological processes. The present study aimed to explore the role of Arrb2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in AFL and the underlying mechanism and identify potential targets for the treatment of AFL. METHODS The expression of Arrb2 was detected in liver tissues obtained from AFL patients and Gao-binge AFL model mice. In addition, we specifically knocked down Arrb2 in AFL mouse liver in vivo and used Arrb2-siRNA or pEX3-Arrb2 to silence or overexpress Arrb2 in AML-12 cells in vitro to explore the functional role and underlying regulatory mechanism of Arrb2 in AFL. Finally, we investigated whether Arrb2 could cause changes in hepatic lipid metabolites, thereby leading to dysregulation of lipid metabolism based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. RESULTS Arrb2 was up-regulated in the livers of AFL patients and AFL mice. The in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that Arrb2 could induce lipid accumulation and metabolism disorders. Mechanistically, Arrb2 induced hepatic metabolism disorder via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The results of LC-MS analysis revealed that hepatic lipid metabolites with the most significant differences were primary bile acids. CONCLUSIONS Arrb2 induces hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via AMPK pathway in AFL. On one hand, Arrb2 increases fatty acid synthesis. On the other hand, Arrb2 could increase the cholesterol synthesis, thereby leading to the up-regulation of primary bile acid levels.
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Ma APY, Yeung CLS, Tey SK, Mao X, Wong SWK, Ng TH, Ko FCF, Kwong EML, Tang AHN, Ng IOL, Cai SH, Yun JP, Yam JWP. Suppression of ACADM-Mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Aberrant CAV1/SREBP1 Signaling. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3679-3692. [PMID: 33975883 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation exacerbates tumor development, as it fuels the proliferative growth of cancer cells. The role of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in tumor biology remains elusive. Therefore, investigating its mode of dysregulation can shed light on metabolic dependencies in cancer development. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ACADM was significantly underexpressed, correlating with several aggressive clinicopathologic features observed in patients. Functionally, suppression of ACADM promoted HCC cell motility with elevated triglyceride, phospholipid, and cellular lipid droplet levels, indicating the tumor suppressive ability of ACADM in HCC. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) was identified as a negative transcriptional regulator of ACADM. Subsequently, high levels of caveolin-1 (CAV1) were observed to inhibit fatty acid oxidation, which revealed its role in regulating lipid metabolism. CAV1 expression negatively correlated with ACADM and its upregulation enhanced nuclear accumulation of SREBP1, resulting in suppressed ACADM activity and contributing to increased HCC cell aggressiveness. Administration of an SREBP1 inhibitor in combination with sorafenib elicited a synergistic antitumor effect and significantly reduced HCC tumor growth in vivo. These findings indicate that deregulation of fatty acid oxidation mediated by the CAV1/SREBP1/ACADM axis results in HCC progression, which implicates targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve HCC treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies tumor suppressive effects of ACADM in hepatocellular carcinoma and suggests promotion of β-oxidation to diminish fatty acid availability to cancer cells could be used as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel P Y Ma
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cherlie L S Yeung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Keong Tey
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel W K Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung Him Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frankie C F Ko
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ernest M L Kwong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexander H N Tang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao Hang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Judy W P Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Bissig-Choisat B, Alves-Bezerra M, Zorman B, Ochsner SA, Barzi M, Legras X, Yang D, Borowiak M, Dean AM, York RB, Galvan NTN, Goss J, Lagor WR, Moore DD, Cohen DE, McKenna NJ, Sumazin P, Bissig KD. A human liver chimeric mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100281. [PMID: 34036256 PMCID: PMC8138774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The accumulation of neutral lipids within hepatocytes underlies non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects a quarter of the world's population and is associated with hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite insights gained from both human and animal studies, our understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis remains limited. To better study the molecular changes driving the condition we aimed to generate a humanised NAFLD mouse model. Methods We generated TIRF (transgene-free Il2rg -/-/Rag2 -/-/Fah -/-) mice, populated their livers with human hepatocytes, and fed them a Western-type diet for 12 weeks. Results Within the same chimeric liver, human hepatocytes developed pronounced steatosis whereas murine hepatocytes remained normal. Unbiased metabolomics and lipidomics revealed signatures of clinical NAFLD. Transcriptomic analyses showed that molecular responses diverged sharply between murine and human hepatocytes, demonstrating stark species differences in liver function. Regulatory network analysis indicated close agreement between our model and clinical NAFLD with respect to transcriptional control of cholesterol biosynthesis. Conclusions These NAFLD xenograft mice reveal an unexpected degree of evolutionary divergence in food metabolism and offer a physiologically relevant, experimentally tractable model for studying the pathogenic changes invoked by steatosis. Lay summary Fatty liver disease is an emerging health problem, and as there are no good experimental animal models, our understanding of the condition is poor. We here describe a novel humanised mouse system and compare it with clinical data. The results reveal that the human cells in the mouse liver develop fatty liver disease upon a Western-style fatty diet, whereas the mouse cells appear normal. The molecular signature (expression profiles) of the human cells are distinct from the mouse cells and metabolic analysis of the humanised livers mimic the ones observed in humans with fatty liver. This novel humanised mouse system can be used to study human fatty liver disease.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CBPEGs, cholesterol biosynthesis pathway enzyme genes
- CE, cholesteryl ester
- CER, ceramide
- CHHs, chimeric human hepatocytes
- CMHs, chimeric mouse hepatocytes
- CT, confidence transcript
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DCER, dihydroceramide
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- FA, fatty acid
- FAH, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
- FFA, free fatty acid
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCER, hexosylceramide
- HCT, high confidence transcriptional target
- Human disease modelling
- Humanised mice
- LCER, lactosylceramide
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- Lipid metabolism
- MAG, monoacylglycerol
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NC, normal chow
- NTBC, nitisinone
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PNPLA3, patatin-like-phospholipase domain-containing protein 3
- PUFA, polyunsaturated free FA
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SREBP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein
- Steatosis
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- TIRF, transgene-free Il2rg-/-/Rag2-/-/Fah-/-
- WD, Western-type diet
- hALB, human albumin
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry Zorman
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott A. Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes Barzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xavier Legras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Universtiy, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam M. Dean
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert B. York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John Goss
- Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil J. McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Y.T. and Alice Chen Pediatric Genetics and Genomics Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Duke University, Division of Medical Genetics, 905 South LaSalle street, Durham, NC-27708, USA. Tel.: +1 919 660 0761; fax: +1 919 660 0762.
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang Y, Pan F, Hao S, Zhang H, Iftikhar A, Usman M. Dietary anthocyanins as potential natural modulators for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110180. [PMID: 33773656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a metabolic syndrome linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD has abruptly increased worldwide, with no effective treatment yet available. Anthocyanins (ACNs) belong to the flavonoid subclass of polyphenols, are commonly present in various edible plants, and possess a broad array of health-promoting properties. ACNs have been shown to have strong potential to combat NAFLD. We critically assessed the literature regarding the pharmacological mechanisms and biopharmaceutical features of the action of ACNs on NAFLD in humans and animal models. We found that ACNs ameliorate NAFLD by improving lipid and glucose metabolism, increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, ACNs have potential to attenuate NAFLD. However, further mechanistic studies are required to confirm these beneficial impacts of ACNs on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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71
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Saki K, Mansouri V, Abdi S, Fathi M, Razzaghi Z, Haghazali M. Assessment of common and differentially expressed proteins between diabetes mellitus and fatty liver disease: a network analysis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2021; 14:S94-S101. [PMID: 35154608 PMCID: PMC8817743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to introduce the main biomarkers related to NFLD and diabetes II to determine common pathogenic and metabolite factors linking NFLD to diabetes II. BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NFLD) is chronic hepatic failure with a broad range of hepatic disorders. NFLD and diabetes type 2 coexist regularly to drive adverse outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma and vascular complications. METHODS The proteins related to NFDL and diabetes mellitus were extracted from String database. Proteins related to each disease were included in protein-protein interaction networks in Cytoscape software. Obtained networks were analyzed using Cytoscape network analyzer. The central nodes were determined as top hubs based on degree value. The top hubs related to NFLD and diabetes mellites were compared. RESULTS In total, 200 proteins related to NFDL and diabetes mellitus were found separately in String database and connected through undirected edges in individual networks. Central nodes based on degree value were determined for each disease. Ten percent of top nodes were selected based on degree value as the 20 top hubs for each disease. Target common hub proteins between NFDL and diabetes mellitus comprised INS, AKT1, ALB, PPARG, IL6, GPDPH, LEP, TNF, ADIPOQ, IGF1, TP53, MAPK3, and SIRT1. CONCLUSION According to the results, 13 common and 14 discriminatory central dysregulated proteins were determined for NAFLD and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Saki
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abdi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Haghazali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yabiku K. Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Concurrent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review of the Evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:768850. [PMID: 34950104 PMCID: PMC8688740 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.768850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and more than half of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes concurrently present with NAFLD. There is a bidirectional pathological relationship between the two conditions, whereby NAFLD increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes contributes to and accelerates the progression of NAFLD. Furthermore, over 30% of patients with NAFLD progress to non-alcoholic liver steatohepatitis (NASH), which then increases the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its high prevalence and the potential clinical implications, the underlying pathogenesis of NAFLD has yet to be fully elucidated, and there is no consensus regarding standard diagnosis and treatment for either NALFD or NASH. As patients with both NASH and type 2 diabetes have impaired hepatic function owing to chronic inflammation and the resulting structural changes caused by hepatic fat accumulation, they face reduced options for antidiabetic treatment. SGLT-2 inhibitors inhibit glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, with increased excretion of glucose in urine and decreased glucose levels in plasma, and their glycemia-lowering effect is insulin-independent. Several other beneficial effects have been reported for SGLT-2 inhibitors, including reduced risks of cardiovascular and renal diseases, improved blood pressure control, body weight reduction, and reductions in liver fat content. Experimental studies in mouse models have suggested that SGLT-2 inhibitors may have beneficial modulatory effects on NAFLD/NASH. Several trials in patients with type 2 diabetes have also suggested that these drugs may be useful in treating both type 2 diabetes and NAFLD or NASH. However, further research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which SGLT-2 inhibitors affect fatty liver and steatohepatitis. In this state-of-the-art review, we explore the literature on the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and NASH, and present arguments for and against the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in this patient population.
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73
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Aldayel TS, Alshammari GM, Omar UM, Grace MH, Lila MA, Yahya MA. Hypoglycaemic, insulin releasing, and hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe perryi Baker resin (Socotran Aloe) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1855859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat Mohammed Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary H. Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nowak AJ, Relja B. The Impact of Acute or Chronic Alcohol Intake on the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9407. [PMID: 33321885 PMCID: PMC7764163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol misuse is frequently associated with a multitude of profound medical conditions, contributing to health-, individual- and social-related damage. A particularly dangerous threat from this classification is coined as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a liver condition caused by prolonged alcohol overconsumption, involving several pathological stages induced by alcohol metabolic byproducts and sustained cellular intoxication. Molecular, pathological mechanisms of ALD principally root in the innate immunity system and are especially associated with enhanced functionality of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. NF-κB is an interesting and convoluted DNA transcription regulator, promoting both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Thus, the abundancy of studies in recent years underlines the importance of NF-κB in inflammatory responses and the mechanistic stimulation of inner molecular motifs within the factor components. Hereby, in the following review, we would like to put emphasis on the correlation between the NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway and ALD progression. We will provide the reader with the current knowledge regarding the chronic and acute alcohol consumption patterns, the molecular mechanisms of ALD development, the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and its enzymatic regulators. Therefore, we review various experimental in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the research on ALD, including the recent active compound treatments and the genetic modification approach. Furthermore, our investigation covers a few human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander J. Nowak
- Experimental Radiology, University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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75
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The adaptations induced by Estrogen Related Receptor alpha (ERRα) disruption and exercise training on healthy and diabetic rat’s liver. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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76
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Kořínková L, Pražienková V, Černá L, Karnošová A, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH in Experimental Models: The Role of Food Intake Regulating Peptides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597583. [PMID: 33324348 PMCID: PMC7726422 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, and Western diet are the key factors underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common liver diseases in developed countries. In many cases, NAFLD further progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and to hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatic lipotoxicity and non-liver factors, such as adipose tissue inflammation and gastrointestinal imbalances were linked to evolution of NAFLD. Nowadays, the degree of adipose tissue inflammation was shown to directly correlate with the severity of NAFLD. Consumption of higher caloric intake is increasingly emerging as a fuel of metabolic inflammation not only in obesity-related disorders but also NAFLD. However, multiple causes of NAFLD are the reason why the mechanisms of NAFLD progression to NASH are still not well understood. In this review, we explore the role of food intake regulating peptides in NAFLD and NASH mouse models. Leptin, an anorexigenic peptide, is involved in hepatic metabolism, and has an effect on NAFLD experimental models. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), another anorexigenic peptide, and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1R), represent potential therapeutic agents to prevent NAFLD progression to NASH. On the other hand, the deletion of ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, prevents age-associated hepatic steatosis in mice. Because of the increasing incidence of NAFLD and NASH worldwide, the selection of appropriate animal models is important to clarify aspects of pathogenesis and progression in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kořínková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - V. Pražienková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - L. Černá
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - A. Karnošová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - B. Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - J. Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Khare P, Maurya R, Bhatia R, Mangal P, Singh J, Podili K, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK. Polyphenol rich extracts of finger millet and kodo millet ameliorate high fat diet-induced metabolic alterations. Food Funct 2020; 11:9833-9847. [PMID: 33089852 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finger millet (FM) and kodo millet (KM) are known for their multiple health benefits. Several studies have indicated the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of polyphenol rich extracts (PREs) from them. However, the protective roles of PREs from these millets in overcoming high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to identify the polyphenols in FM-PREs and KM-PREs using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS, and to evaluate the role of PREs in mitigating lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in murine macrophage cells and in the reduction of HFD-induced metabolic complications using male Swiss albino mice. The results suggested that KM-PRE had higher polyphenol content than FM-PRE, of which taxifolin (98%) and catechin (86.6%) were the major fractions respectively. FM-PRE and KM-PRE prevented obesity, however, KM-PRE was more profound in preventing weight gain, adipose tissue hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation than FM-PRE. This study suggests that FM-PRE and KM-PRE could be exploited for developing functional foods or nutraceuticals against obesity and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyanshu Khare
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Center of Excellence in Functional Foods, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Exploring the Role of a Novel Peptide from Allomyrina dichotoma Larvae in Ameliorating Lipid Metabolism in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228537. [PMID: 33198343 PMCID: PMC7698306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify an anti-obesity peptide from Allomyrina dichotoma and investigate the lipid metabolic mechanism. Enzymatically hydrolyzed A. dichotoma larvae were further separated using tangential flow filtration and consecutive chromatographic processes. Finally, an anti-obesity peptide that showed the highest inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation was obtained, and the sequence was Glu-Ile-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Lys-Thr-Asp-Leu (EIA10). EIA10 decreased lipid aggregation in vitro and significantly reduced the accumulation of body weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight in high-fat-fed mice. Compared with the control group, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the high-fat diet (HFD) group increased significantly, and the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the serum decreased significantly. On the contrary, the levels of TC, TG, and insulin in the EIA10 group decreased significantly, and the HDL content increased significantly compared with the HFD group. Additionally, EIA10 dramatically decreased mRNA and protein levels of transcription factors involved in lipid adipogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that EIA10 could be a promising agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
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79
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Germinated Soybean Embryo Extract Ameliorates Fatty Liver Injury in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110380. [PMID: 33187321 PMCID: PMC7696473 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is known to have diverse beneficial effects against human diseases, including obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Germinated soybean embryos are enriched with bioactive phytochemicals and known to inhibit diet-induced obesity in mice, but their effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. Here, we germinated soybean embryos for 24 h, and their ethanolic extract (GSEE, 15 and 45 mg/kg) was administered daily to mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. HFD significantly increased the weight of the body, liver and adipose tissue, as well as serum lipid markers, but soyasaponin Ab-rich GSEE alleviated these changes. Hepatic injury and triglyceride accumulation in HFD-fed mice were attenuated by GSEE via decreased lipid synthesis (SREBP1c) and increased fatty acid oxidation (p-AMPKα, PPARα, PGC1α, and ACOX) and lipid export (MTTP and ApoB). HFD-induced inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CD14, F4/80, iNOS, and COX2) was normalized by GSEE in mice livers. In adipose tissue, GSEE downregulated white adipose tissue (WAT) differentiation and lipogenesis (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FAS) and induced browning genes (PGC1α, PRDM16, CIDEA, and UCP1), which could also beneficially affect the liver via lowering adipose tissue-related circulating lipid levels. Thus, our results suggest that GSEE can prevent HFD-induced NAFLD via inhibition of hepatic inflammation and restoration of lipid metabolisms in both liver and adipose tissue.
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80
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Sardi C, Martini E, Mello T, Camelliti S, Sfondrini L, Marcucci F, Kallikourdis M, Sommariva M, Rumio C. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on inflamed adipose tissue. Insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Life Sci 2020; 264:118618. [PMID: 33141040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity represents a global health problem. Excessive caloric intake promotes the release of inflammatory mediators by hypertrophic adipocytes and obesity-induced inflammation is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, type-II diabetes, liver steatosis and cancer. Since obesity causes inflammation, we tested the ability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a potent anti-inflammatory drug, in counteracting this inflammatory process and in mitigating obesity-associated health complications. MAIN METHODS Mice were fed with standard (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months and then treated with acetylsalicylic acid for the subsequent two months. We then analyzed the metabolic and inflammatory status of their adipose and liver tissue by histological, molecular and biochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Although ASA did not exert any effect on body weight, quantification of adipocyte size revealed that the drug slightly reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, however not sufficient so as to induce weight loss. Most importantly, ASA was able to improve insulin resistance. Gene expression profiles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of macrophage and lymphocyte markers revealed that HFD led to a marked macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue and an increase of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, a situation almost completely reverted after ASA administration. In addition, liver steatosis caused by HFD was completely abrogated by ASA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE ASA can efficiently ameliorate pathological conditions usually associated with obesity by inhibiting the inflammatory process occurring in the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy; Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Camelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
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81
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cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101433. [PMID: 33050657 PMCID: PMC7600246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cellular responses to extracellular signals is well established. Many years after discovery, our understanding of the intricacy of cAMP signaling has improved dramatically. Multiple layers of regulation exist to ensure the specificity of cellular cAMP signaling. Hence, disturbances in cAMP homeostasis could arise at multiple levels, from changes in G protein coupled receptors and production of cAMP to the rate of degradation by phosphodiesterases. cAMP signaling plays critical roles in metabolism, inflammation and development of fibrosis in several tissues. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a multifactorial condition ranging from a simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, which might lead to hepatocellular cancer. To date, there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD. Hence, identifying the targets for the treatment of ALD is an important undertaking. Several human studies have reported the changes in cAMP homeostasis in relation to alcohol use disorders. cAMP signaling has also been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of ALD. This review focuses on the role of cAMP in the pathobiology of ALD with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting cAMP signaling for the treatment of various stages of ALD.
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Hishikawa D, Yanagida K, Nagata K, Kanatani A, Iizuka Y, Hamano F, Yasuda M, Okamura T, Shindou H, Shimizu T. Hepatic Levels of DHA-Containing Phospholipids Instruct SREBP1-Mediated Synthesis and Systemic Delivery of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. iScience 2020; 23:101495. [PMID: 32891885 PMCID: PMC7481256 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), play fundamental roles in mammalian physiology. Although PUFA imbalance causes various disorders, mechanisms of the regulation of their systemic levels are poorly understood. Here, we report that hepatic DHA-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) determine the systemic levels of PUFAs through the SREBP1-mediated transcriptional program. We demonstrated that liver-specific deletion of Agpat3 leads to a decrease of DHA-PLs and a compensatory increase of ARA-PLs not only in the liver but also in other tissues including the brain. Together with recent findings that plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is the major source of brain DHA, our results indicate that hepatic AGPAT3 contributes to brain DHA accumulation by supplying DHA-PLs as precursors of DHA-lysoPC. Furthermore, dietary fish oil-mediated suppression of hepatic PUFA biosynthetic program was blunted in liver-specific Agpat3 deletion. Our findings highlight the central role of hepatic DHA-PLs as the molecular rheostat for systemic homeostasis of PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hishikawa
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nagata
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kanatani
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Iizuka
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Fumie Hamano
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Life Science Core Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Megumi Yasuda
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Section of Animal Models, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Urtasun R, Díaz-Gómez J, Araña M, Pajares MJ, Oneca M, Torre P, Jiménez M, Munilla G, Barajas M, Encío I. A Combination of Apple Vinegar Drink with Bacillus coagulans Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092504. [PMID: 32825073 PMCID: PMC7551919 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic characterized by excessive fat accumulation, associated with multiple comorbidities and complications. Emerging evidence points to gut microbiome as a driving force in the pathogenesis of obesity. Vinegar intake, a traditional remedy source of exogenous acetate, has been shown to improve glycemic control and to have anti-obesity effects. New functional foods may be developed by supplementing traditional food with probiotics. B. coagulans is a suitable choice because of its resistance to high temperatures. To analyze the possible synergic effect of Vinegar and B. coagulans against the metabolic alterations induced by a high fat diet (HFD), we fed twelve-week-old C57BL/6 mice with HFD for 5 weeks after 2 weeks of acclimation on a normal diet. Then, food intake, body weight, blood biochemical parameters, histology and liver inflammatory markers were analyzed. Although vinegar drink, either alone or supplemented with B. coagulans, reduced food intake, attenuated body weight gain and enhanced glucose tolerance, only the supplemented drink improved the lipid serum profile and prevented hepatic HFD-induced overexpression of CD36, IL-1β, IL-6, LXR and SREBP, thus reducing lipid deposition in the liver. The beneficial properties of the B. coagulans-supplemented vinegar appear to be mediated by a reduction in insulin and leptin circulating levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Urtasun
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Joana Díaz-Gómez
- Ecovinal S.L., Pol. Ind Gobella, 1, 31589 Sartaguda, Spain; (J.D.-G.); (G.M.)
| | - Miriam Araña
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
| | - María José Pajares
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
- Navarre’s Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Oneca
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Paloma Torre
- Nutrition and Bromatology area, Department of Natural Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Maddalen Jiménez
- Division of Hematological-Oncology, CIMA, University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Germán Munilla
- Ecovinal S.L., Pol. Ind Gobella, 1, 31589 Sartaguda, Spain; (J.D.-G.); (G.M.)
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (I.E.); Tel.: +34-948-169-000 (M.B. & I.E.)
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
- Navarre’s Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (I.E.); Tel.: +34-948-169-000 (M.B. & I.E.)
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84
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Hashiguchi A, Okabayashi K, Yamaguchi H, Tsuchida K, Hitachi K, Isoda H. The Effect of Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata (L.)) Coat Extract on Mouse Liver Metabolism During Progesterone Withdrawal. J Med Food 2020; 23:967-977. [PMID: 32758036 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is an immunomodulatory medicinal plant, which is recognized as a component of a traditional postpartum diet. The liver plays a crucial role in fatty acid synthesis under the control of various hormones that are affected by pregnancy. This study was designed to establish whether the mung bean water extract, which contains prostaglandins that can regulate corpus luteum maturation, provided any benefits to liver metabolism after the dynamic hormonal change associated with pregnancy. Female C57BL/6J mice were used, and all mice received daily injections of progesterone (5.0 mg/kg) for 5 days, after which progesterone was withdrawn for 3 days. Gel-free/label-free proteomic analysis revealed that the abundance of several proteins was affected in the liver. Hormone manipulation induced changes in lipid metabolism-related protein abundance; oral administration of mung bean coat extract (MBC) for 3 days mitigated the changes and downregulated the expression of Cpt1α, Akr1β, and Srebp1 in the liver. Together with immunological leukocyte modulation assessed via proteomic analysis, we suggest that MBC may exert health-promoting effects through the modulation of lipid synthesis during postpartum recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA) University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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85
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Delgadillo-Puga C, Noriega LG, Morales-Romero AM, Nieto-Camacho A, Granados-Portillo O, Rodríguez-López LA, Alemán G, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Tovar AR, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Torre-Villalvazo I. Goat's Milk Intake Prevents Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet by Reducing Inflammatory Markers and Increasing Energy Expenditure and Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155530. [PMID: 32752280 PMCID: PMC7432599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat's milk is a rich source of bioactive compounds (peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, short chain fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols such as phytoestrogens and minerals among others) that exert important health benefits. However, goat's milk composition depends on the type of food provided to the animal and thus, the abundance of bioactive compounds in milk depends on the dietary sources of the goat feed. The metabolic impact of goat milk rich in bioactive compounds during metabolic challenges such as a high-fat (HF) diet has not been explored. Thus, we evaluated the effect of milk from goats fed a conventional diet, a conventional diet supplemented with 30% Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods or grazing on metabolic alterations in mice fed a HF diet. Interestingly, the incorporation of goat's milk in the diet decreased body weight and body fat mass, improved glucose tolerance, prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a HF diet. These effects were associated with an increase in energy expenditure, augmented oxidative fibers in skeletal muscle, and reduced inflammatory markers. Consequently, goat's milk can be considered a non-pharmacologic strategy to improve the metabolic alterations induced by a HF diet. Using the body surface area normalization method gave a conversion equivalent daily human intake dose of 1.4 to 2.8 glasses (250 mL per glass/day) of fresh goat milk for an adult of 60 kg, which can be used as reference for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.D.-P.); (I.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-55-54870900 (C.D.-P. & I.T.-V.)
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Aurora M. Morales-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Leonardo A. Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Gabriela Alemán
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.-P.); (I.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-55-54870900 (C.D.-P. & I.T.-V.)
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Poss AM, Summers SA. Too Much of a Good Thing? An Evolutionary Theory to Explain the Role of Ceramides in NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:505. [PMID: 32849291 PMCID: PMC7411076 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges from the relatively benign and reversible fatty liver (NAFL) to the more advanced and deadly steatohepatitis (NASH), affects a remarkably high percentage of adults in the population. Depending upon severity, NAFLD can increase one's risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Though the dominant histological feature of all forms of the disease is the accumulation of liver triglycerides, these molecules are likely not pathogenic, but rather serve to protect the liver from the damaging consequences of overnutrition. We propose herein that the less abundant ceramides, through evolutionarily-conserved actions intended to help organisms adapt to nutrient excess, drive the cellular events that define NAFL/NASH. In early stages of the disease process, they promote lipid uptake and storage, whilst inhibiting utilization of glucose. In later stages, they stimulate hepatocyte apoptosis and fibrosis. In rodents, blocking ceramide synthesis ameliorates all stages of NAFLD. In humans, serum and liver ceramides correlate with the severity of NAFLD and its comorbidities diabetes and heart disease. These studies identify key roles for ceramides in these hepatic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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87
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Frisardi V. Commentary: Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection? Front Public Health 2020; 8:351. [PMID: 32733840 PMCID: PMC7358339 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Frisardi
- Geriatric and NeuroRehabilitation Department, Clinical and Nutritional Lab, AUSL-IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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88
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Su K, Yi B, Yao BQ, Xia T, Yang YF, Zhang ZH, Chen C. Liraglutide attenuates renal tubular ectopic lipid deposition in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting lipid synthesis and promoting lipolysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104778. [PMID: 32247822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Liraglutide is a new hypoglycemic drug. The previous studies have shown that liraglutide can improve the renal outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, it was approved by the U.S. FDA for used as a weight-loss drugs. However, the mechanism of its improvements of renal function in diabetic nephropathy patients is unclear. In addition, the effect of liraglutide on lipid metabolism is also not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of liraglutide in alleviating ectopic lipid deposition (ELD) in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with high-fat diet + unilateral nephrectomy + low-dose STZ combined to establish a DN rat model to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of liraglutide. Liraglutide at 0.4 mg/kg/d were subcutaneous injected into for 12 weeks (DN + liraglutide group). After the DN rat model was established, body weight loss, 24-h urine volume increasing, serum triglycerides (TG) and serum total cholesterol (TCh) increasing, ectopic lipid droplet deposition in renal tubular increasing, mesangial proliferation in renal tissue were observed in DN rats. The treatment with liraglutide could reduce the body weight and the average daily food intake of the rats, as well as TG, TCh, and ectopic lipid droplet deposition in renal tubular. Metabolomics result showed that serum differential metabolites between the DN - vehicle control group and the DN + liraglutide group mainly included serine, threonine, phenylalanine, oxyproline, threonine, sorbitol, glyceryl monostearate, glycerol monostearate, and β-d-glucuronic acid. Moreover, liraglutide can reduce plasma lipid levels in DN rats by increasing the products of lipolysis including 1-monopalmitin and 1-monoostearin. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that the expression levels of lipid synthesis-related sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly increased, and lipolysis-related adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were significantly decreased both in the renal tissue of DN rats and PA-induced HK-2 cells (lipid droplet accumulation model). However, liraglutide can attenuate renal tubular ectopic lipid deposition in DN rats by inhibiting SREBP-1, FAS and increasing ATGL, HSL protein expression level, and also ameliorated PA-induced lipid accumulation in renal tubular epithelial cells. These lipid metabolism changes were attributed to liraglutide by upregulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the kidney of DN rats. Collectively, these findings confirm that liraglutide inhibits lipid synthesis and promotes lipolysis to attenuate renal ectopic lipid deposition in DN rats by promoting AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bi-Qing Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Fei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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89
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Ren Z, Yang Z, Lu Y, Zhang R, Yang H. Anti‑glycolipid disorder effect of epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate on high‑fat diet and STZ‑induced T2DM in mice. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2475-2483. [PMID: 32236613 PMCID: PMC7185284 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is beneficial for inhibiting dyslipidemia and reducing hyperlipidemic risk. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the glycolipid regulatory effects and potential mechanisms of EGCG in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. The results demonstrated that EGCG can decrease blood glucose levels and increase insulin resistance in T2DM mice. In addition, EGCG can regulate serum lipid levels, including those of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-r), and reduce lipid deposition in vascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the gene and protein expression of related scavenger receptors, including cluster of differentiation 36, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP), SREBP cleavage-activating protein and LDL-r, were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. The present study noted that EGCG possesses potential as a natural product for preventing and treating metabolic hyperlipidemia syndrome, probably by reducing the blood lipid levels, alleviating vascular endothelial cell damage, maintaining normal lipid metabolism in blood vessels and ameliorating glycolipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Ren
- Department of Medical Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Medical Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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90
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Ballester M, Quintanilla R, Ortega FJ, Serrano JCE, Cassanyé A, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Portero-Otin M, Tibau J. Dietary intake of bioactive ingredients impacts liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes in a porcine model of prepubertal early obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5375. [PMID: 32214182 PMCID: PMC7096439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions over the past 40 years, with childhood obesity reaching alarming rates. In this study, we determined changes in liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes of a porcine model for prepubertal early obesity induced by a high-calorie diet and supplemented with bioactive ingredients. A total of 43 nine-weeks-old animals distributed in four pens were fed with four different dietary treatments for 10 weeks: a conventional diet; a western-type diet; and a western-type diet with Bifidobacterium breve and rice hydrolysate, either adding or not omega-3 fatty acids. Animals fed a western-type diet increased body weight and total fat content and exhibited elevated serum concentrations of cholesterol, whereas animals supplemented with bioactive ingredients showed lower body weight gain and tended to accumulate less fat. An RNA-seq experiment was performed with a total of 20 animals (five per group). Differential expression analyses revealed an increase in lipogenesis, cholesterogenesis and inflammatory processes in animals on the western-type diet while the supplementation with bioactive ingredients induced fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol catabolism, and decreased adipogenesis and inflammation. These results reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of bioactive ingredient supplementation in an obese pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José C E Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25196, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Cassanyé
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25196, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25196, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet, 17121, Monells, Spain
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91
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Protective Effect of a Mixture of Astragalus membranaceus and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extract against Hepatic Steatosis in High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8370698. [PMID: 32256659 PMCID: PMC7106914 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8370698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic and protective effects of ALM16, a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) extract in a ratio of 7 : 3, against hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into eight groups and orally administered daily for 6 weeks with a normal diet (ND) or high fat diet alone (HFD), HFD with AM (HFD + 100 mg/kg AM extract), HFD with LE (HFD + 100 mg/kg LE extract), HFD with ALM16 (HFD + 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg ALM16), or HFD with MT (HFD + 100 mg/kg Milk thistle extract) as a positive control. ALM16 significantly decreased the body and liver weight, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and serum glucose levels, compared to the HFD group. Moreover, ALM16 significantly ameliorated the HFD-induced increased hepatic injury markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)-1. Furthermore, as compared to the mice fed HFD alone, ALM16 increased the levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), thereby upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 and downregulating the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS). These results demonstrated that ALM16 markedly inhibited HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice by modulating AMPK and ACC signaling pathways, and may be more effective than the single extracts of AM or LE.
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92
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[Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on liver lipid metabolism in rats with intrauterine growth restriction and related mechanism]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22. [PMID: 31948527 PMCID: PMC7389708 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on liver lipid metabolism in rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and related mechanism. METHODS A rat model of IUGR was established by food restriction during entire pregnancy, and then the rats were randomly divided into an IUGR group and an EGCG group (n=8 each). The rats in the EGCG group were fed with water containing EGCG from after weaning to 10 weeks. Eight pup rats born from the pregnant maternal rats without food restriction were used as the control group. At the age of 13 weeks, body weight was measured. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected to measure fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and liver lipids. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (adipo-IR) were calculated. Pathological sections of the liver were observed and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of related genes in the liver. RESULTS At the age of 13 weeks, there was no significant difference in body weight between groups (P=0.067). There were significant differences between groups in FPG, FFA, FINS, HOMA-IR, and adipo-IR (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of TC and TG between groups (P>0.05), while the IUGR group had significantly higher levels of TC and TG in the liver than the EGCG group (P<0.05). Oil red staining showed that the IUGR group had a significant increase in hepatic lipid accumulation, while the EGCG group had certain improvement after EGCG treatment. PCR results suggested that compared with the control group, the IUGR group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression of Ampk and Adipor1 and a significant increase in the mRNA expression of Srebf1 (P<0.05), while EGCG increased the mRNA expression of Ampk and reduced the mRNA expression of Srebf1, with no significant differences in the two indices between the EGCG and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early EGCG intervention can down-regulate the de novo synthesis of fatty acids through the Ampk/Srebf1 signaling pathway and reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in IUGR rats by improving insulin resistance of hepatocytes.
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93
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Li T, Hu SM, Pang XY, Wang JF, Yin JY, Li FH, Wang J, Yang XQ, Xia B, Liu YH, Song WG, Guo SD. The marine-derived furanone reduces intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro by targeting LXRα and PPARα. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3384-3398. [PMID: 31981312 PMCID: PMC7131916 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that commercially available lipid‐lowering drugs cause various side effects; therefore, searching for anti‐hyperlipidaemic compounds with lower toxicity is a research hotspot. This study was designed to investigate whether the marine‐derived compound, 5‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐butylfuran‐2(5H)‐one, has an anti‐hyperlipidaemic activity, and the potential underlying mechanism in vitro. Results showed that the furanone had weaker cytotoxicity compared to positive control drugs. In RAW 264.7 cells, the furanone significantly lowered ox‐LDL‐induced lipid accumulation (~50%), and its triglyceride (TG)‐lowering effect was greater than that of liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317. In addition, it significantly elevated the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARα) and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which could be partially inhibited by LXR antagonists, GSK2033 and SR9243. In HepG2 cells, it significantly decreased oleic acid‐induced lipid accumulation, enhanced the protein levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ABCG5, ABCG8 and PPARα, and reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (~32%). PPARα antagonists, GW6471 and MK886, could significantly inhibit the furanone‐induced lipid‐lowering effect. Furthermore, the furanone showed a significantly lower activity on the activation of the expression of lipogenic genes compared to T0901317. Taken together, the furanone exhibited a weak cytotoxicity but had powerful TC‐ and TG‐lowering effects most likely through targeting LXRα and PPARα, respectively. These findings indicate that the furanone has a potential application for the treatment of dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shu-Mei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Pang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fa-Hui Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Song
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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94
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Mubarak MS. Anti-obesity effect of plant diterpenes and their derivatives: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1216-1225. [PMID: 31977122 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat is accumulated by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. Obesity increases the risk of various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and depression. This review focuses on most recent reports pertaining to the antiobesity activity of plant-derived diterpenes in different databases. For this, a search (until August 2019) was conducted in the PubMed and Science Direct databases with the following keywords: "plant diterpenes" or "plant diterpenoids" paired with "obesity" or "antiobesity effects." Overall, 729 references that used the aforementioned keywords were selected, among which 34 articles have been included in this review. Results from this search suggest that a number of diterpenes and their derivatives have been found to exert antiobesity effects through various mechanisms, such as overweight reduction or modification of body mass index, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition, lipase activity inhibition, antiadipogenesis effect, among others. Carnosic acid, carnosol and the derivatives of abietic acid, steviol, and andrographolide are examples of important antiobesity diterpenes and their derivatives. Of note, plant-derived diterpenes may be potential candidates for managing obesity and obesity-related diseases and disorders in human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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95
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Li Q, Zhang H, Zou J, Mai H, Su D, Feng X, Feng D. Bisphenol A exposure induces cholesterol synthesis and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice by down-regulating the DNA methylation levels of SREBP-2. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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96
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The impact of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress on vasoactive mediators in patients with renal dysfunction. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:2235-2242. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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97
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Yang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia B, Li T, Yang X, Hu S, Ji C, Guo S. The fucoidan A3 from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances RCT-related genes expression in hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:759-769. [PMID: 31100394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidemia, and fucoidans are found to possess hypolipidemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of the fucoidan from the brown seaweed A. nodosum and whether it improves RCT-related genes expression in C57 BL/6J mice. Our results indicated that fucoidan A3 (100 mg/kg/day) intervention significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~23.2%), triglyceride (~48.7%) and fat pad index. This fucoidan significantly increased the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), liver X receptor (LXR) β, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, and decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, however, it had no effect on the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PPARα, LXRα, SREBP-2, ABCG1, ABCG8 and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. These results demonstrated that this fucoidan improved lipid transfer from plasma to the liver by activating SR-B1 and LDLR, and up-regulated lipid metabolism by activating LXRβ, ABCA1 and CYP7A1. In conclusion, this fucoidan lowers lipid by enhancing RCT-related genes expression, and it can be explored as a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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98
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Ochoa B, Chico Y, Martínez MJ. Insights Into SND1 Oncogene Promoter Regulation. Front Oncol 2018; 8:606. [PMID: 30619748 PMCID: PMC6297716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 gene (SND1), also known as Tudor-SN, TSN or p100, encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with invariant domain composition. SND1 contains four repeated staphylococcal nuclease domains and a single Tudor domain, which confer it endonuclease activity and extraordinary capacity for interacting with nucleic acids, individual proteins and protein complexes. Originally described as a transcriptional coactivator, SND1 plays fundamental roles in the regulation of gene expression, including RNA splicing, interference, stability, and editing, as well as in the regulation of protein and lipid homeostasis. Recently, SND1 has gained attention as a potential disease biomarker due to its positive correlation with cancer progression and metastatic spread. Such functional diversity of SND1 marks this gene as interesting for further analysis in relation with the multiple levels of regulation of SND1 protein production. In this review, we summarize the SND1 genomic region and promoter architecture, the set of transcription factors that can bind the proximal promoter, and the evidence supporting transactivation of SND1 promoter by a number of signal transduction pathways operating in different cell types and conditions. Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for SND1 promoter regulation is of utmost interest to decipher the SND1 contribution in the realm of both normal and abnormal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María José Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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99
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Karimi-Sales E, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Alipour MR. Preventive effect of trans-chalcone on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Improvement of hepatic lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1306-1312. [PMID: 30551380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory and progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, there are no FDA-approved drugs for this condition. Lipids accumulated in NASH have a direct role in the progression of this disease. Therefore, this study for the first time explored the preventive effect of trans-chalcone on NASH through the modulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, hepatic fatty acid synthesis (FAS) enzyme, proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ2 levels, which are involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In this study, male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7): Control, received 10% tween 80; NASH, received 10% tween 80 and 10 ml/kg high-fat emulsion (high-fat diet, HFD); and NASH + TC, received 20 mg/kg trans-chalcone and 10 ml/kg HFD. All treatments were performed by once-daily oral gavage for 6 weeks. Liver and blood samples were collected and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, as well as hepatic levels of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, FAS, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ2, were measured. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin stained tissues were used for histological analysis. In this study, treatment of HFD-fed rats with trans-chalcone significantly reduced abnormalities in liver histology, serum levels of liver injury markers, liver index, and hepatic levels of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, FAS, and PPAR-γ2. Furthermore, trans-chalcone significantly increased hepatic PPARα levels in these rats. Therefore, it seems that trans-chalcone protects the liver of HFD-fed rats against NASH development through reduction of SREBP-1c/ FAS- and PPAR-γ2-related lipogenesis, attenuation of SREBP-2-related cholesterol synthesis, and elevation of PPARα-related fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi-Sales
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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