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Peterson EM, Thompson KN, Shaw KR, Tomlinson C, Longing SD, Smith PN. Use of nest bundles to monitor agrochemical exposure and effects among cavity nesting pollinators. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117142. [PMID: 33965805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cavity nesting bees are proficient and important pollinators that can augment or replace honey bee pollination services for some crops. Relatively little is known about specific pesticide concentrations present in cavity nesting insect reed matrices and associated potential risks to cavity nesting bees. Nesting substrates (Phragmites australis reeds in bundles) were deployed in an agriculturally intensive landscape to evaluate colonization and agrochemical exposure among cavity nesting pollinators over two consecutive field seasons. Composition of insect species colonizing reeds within nest bundles varied considerably; those placed near beef cattle feed yards were dominated by wasps (93% of the total number of individuals occupying reed nest bundles), whereas nest bundles deployed in cropland-dominated landscapes were colonized primarily by leaf cutter bees (71%). All nesting/brood matrices in reeds (mud, leaves, brood, pollen) contained agrochemicals. Mud used in brood chamber construction at feed yard sites contained 21 of 23 agrochemicals included in analysis and >70% of leaf substrate stored in reeds contained at least one agrochemical. Moxidectin was most frequently detected across all reed matrices from feed yard sites, and moxidectin concentrations in nonviable larvae were more than four times higher than those quantified in viable larvae. Agrochemical concentrations in leaf material and pollen were also quantified at levels that may have induced toxic effects among developing larvae. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize agrochemical concentrations in multiple reed matrices provisioned by cavity-nesting insects. Use of nest bundles revealed that cavity nesting pollinators in agriculturally intensive regions are exposed to agrochemicals during all life stages, at relatively high frequencies, and at potentially lethal concentrations. These results demonstrate the utility of nest bundles for characterizing risks to cavity nesting insects inhabiting agriculturally intensive regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States.
| | - Kelsey N Thompson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Katherine R Shaw
- Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimanalo, Hawaii, 96795, United States
| | - Caleb Tomlinson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Scott D Longing
- Texas Tech University, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States.
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Chen S, Gan Z, Li Z, Li Y, Ma X, Chen M, Qu B, Ding S, Su S. Occurrence and risk assessment of anthelmintics in Tuojiang River in Sichuan, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112360. [PMID: 34058680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, emerging pollutants, such as anthelmintics have attracted an increasing attention worldwide due to their extensive use and notable stability. However, the information on anthelmintics in the environment of southwest China is scarce. Thus, the occurrence, ecological risk and exposure evaluation of nineteen anthelmintics in Tuojiang River, which is one of the largest tributaries of Yangtze River, and drinking water source of Sichuan, southwest China, were investigated. The result showed that the detection frequency of anthelmintics was relatively high in Tuojiang River, ranging from 65% to 100% in river water. Among the seven kinds of anthelmintics, benzimidazoles are the primary anthelmintics, with concentrations up to 61.12 ng/L and 596.06 ng/g in water and sediment of the Tuojiang river, respectively. The total concentration of 19 anthelmintics in sediment samples from non-agricultural area was higher than that in agricultural area(p = 0.000 < 0.05). This could be attributed to anthropogenic activities, which lead to greater discharge and accumulation of anthelmintics in residential area along the river. It's worth to mention that the highest total concentrations of anthelmintics (109.28 ng/L) was found at the junction of rivers in R31 site. The results could be ascribed to the complexity of junction of Tuojiang River and Yangtze River, which could influence the distribution of pollutant. Besides, the ecological risk assessment showed that the macrocyclic lactones rather than benzimidazoles had relatively high toxicity to non-target organisms in aquatic environment (p = 0.000 < 0.05), with the highest RQEcotox value of 101 for Daphnia magna, while benzimidazoles had relatively high concentrations. The exposure risk could be ignored for both children and adults because the daily intake of anthelmintics via water ingestion were below 10 ng/kg/d. In addition, strong correlations were found between sucralose and most of the selected anthelmintics in Tuojiang River, indicating that sucralose might be a good tracer to evaluated the source of anthelmintics in surface water. This study provides the levels, risks and even some tracer information of pollutants for better understanding of anthelmintics in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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53
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Muniz MS, Halbach K, Alves Araruna IC, Martins RX, Seiwert B, Lechtenfeld O, Reemtsma T, Farias D. Moxidectin toxicity to zebrafish embryos: Bioaccumulation and biomarker responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117096. [PMID: 33866217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moxidectin is an antiparasitic drug belonging to the class of the macrocyclic lactones, subgroup mylbemicins. It is used worldwide in veterinary practice, but little is known about its potential environmental risks. Thus, we used the zebrafish embryo as a model system to study the potential effects of moxidectin on aquatic non-target organisms. The analyses were performed in two experimental sets: (1) acute toxicity and apical endpoints were characterized, with biomarker assays providing information on the activity levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE); and (2) internal concentration and spatial distribution of moxidectin were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS imaging (MALDI-MSi). The acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos (96 hpf) appeared mainly as a decrease in hatching rates (EC50 = 20.75 μg/L). It also altered the enzymatic activity of biomarker enzymes related to xenobiotic processing, anaerobic metabolism, and oxidative stress (GST, LDH, and CAT, respectively) and strongly accumulated in the embryos, as internal concentrations were 4 orders of magnitude higher than those detected in exposure solutions. MALDI-MSi revealed accumulations of the drug mainly in the head and eyes of the embryos (72 and 96 hpf). Thus, our results show that exposure to moxidectin decreases hatching success by 96 h and alters biochemical parameters in the early life stages of zebrafish while accumulating in the head and eye regions of the animals, demonstrating the need to prioritize this compound for environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Silva Muniz
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies (LabRisk), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Katharina Halbach
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Igor Cauê Alves Araruna
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies (LabRisk), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafael Xavier Martins
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies (LabRisk), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Davi Farias
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies (LabRisk), Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Pokhrel MR, Cairns SC, Hemmings Z, Floate KD, Andrew NR. A Review of Dung Beetle Introductions in the Antipodes and North America: Status, Opportunities, and Challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:762-780. [PMID: 33860802 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Following the introduction of cattle, exotic dung beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) were imported into the Antipodes (Australia and New Zealand) and North America (primarily the United States) to accelerate the degradation of cattle dung on pastures. The history of dung beetle introductions between the two regions is similar but has not previously been assessed: this is important as new introductions are continuing in the regions. Here, we review these introduction programs, report on their current status, and discuss methodological advances. In doing so, we examine the accidental introduction of exotic (i.e., adventive) species and the contribution of both deliberately introduced and adventive species to endemic dung beetle faunas. Further, we provide a list of pest and parasite species whose populations can be reduced by dung beetle activity. We also identify a combined total of 37 introduced and 47 adventive dung beetle species that have become established in the Antipodes and North America, with exotic species dominating dung beetle assemblages from pasture habitats. Climatic and edaphic matches, the size of founding populations, abiotic and biotic stressors, and the time of year when releases are made are all critical determinants that affect the success of dung beetle introduction programs. Finally, we discuss opportunities, plus the risks and challenges associated with dung beetle introductions. We hope that this review will aid in the success of future introduction programs, either to enhance ecosystem services in areas that they are needed, or potentially to reestablish native species in regions where they have been extirpated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min R Pokhrel
- Insect Ecology Lab, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Stuart C Cairns
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Zac Hemmings
- Insect Ecology Lab, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Insect Ecology Lab, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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55
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Litskas VD, Paraskevas CG, Karamanlis XN, Batzias GC. Assessing the mobility of veterinary drugs with column experiments using different soils and under controlled flow conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130329. [PMID: 34384183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary pharmaceuticals are pollutants that received much attention during the last 20 years. Macrocyclic lactones are a class of drugs globally used in animal and human health, as well as crops protection. Some of its members are key substances for global food security. In this research, the mobility of eprinomectin (EPM) in soil columns (25 cm soil height; 10 cm diameter) was assessed for the first time. Soil density in the columns was 1.1-1.2 g/cm3. Porosity was 0.54-0.60. Three different soil types were used (agricultural, pastoral, wetland). In the experiment, chloride was used as a non-reactive tracer to determine the hydrodynamic conditions in the columns. Therefore, water velocity (v) was 0.146-0.151 cm/h, dispersion coefficient (D) 0.011-0.017 cm2/h and dispersivity (D/v) was 0.072-0.121. Our results showed that the drug remained in the top layers of the columns, after applying an extreme irrigation scenario. The retardation factor for EPM was 43.4-54.5 while for chloride was 0.99-1. EPM fraction (% of applied mass) in 0-1 cm was 13.8-18.0% and in 1-5 cm was 53.3-73.0%. An amount 13-29% was irreversibly bound or degraded during this experiment. From a soil management perspective, the continuous application of EPM contaminated manure, could result in high concentrations in the top 10 cm of the soil profile. Soil column experiments, where hydrodynamic conditions are well defined, are useful for the environmental impact assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Litskas
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - C G Paraskevas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University οf Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - X N Karamanlis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - G C Batzias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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56
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Heinrich AP, Zöltzer T, Böhm L, Wohde M, Jaddoudi S, El Maataoui Y, Dahchour A, Düring RA. Sorption of selected antiparasitics in soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:77. [PMID: 34249591 PMCID: PMC8253237 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterinary pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when excreted after application and burden terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge about the basic process of sorption in soils and sediments is limited, complicating regulatory decisions. Therefore, batch equilibrium studies were conducted for the widely used antiparasitics abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin to add to the assessment of their environmental fate. RESULTS We examined 20 soil samples and six sediments from Germany and Morocco. Analysis was based on HPLC-fluorescence detection after derivatization. For soils, this resulted in distribution coefficients K D of 38-642 mL/g for abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Moxidectin displayed K D between 166 and 3123 mL/g. Normalized to soil organic carbon, log K OC coefficients were 3.63, 3.93, 4.12, and 4.74 mL/g, respectively, revealing high affinity to organic matter of soils and sediments. Within sediments, distribution resulted in higher log K OC of 4.03, 4.13, 4.61, and 4.97 mL/g for the four substances. This emphasizes the diverse nature of organic matter in both environmental media. The results also confirm a newly reported log KOW for ivermectin which is higher than longstanding assumptions. Linear sorption models facilitate comparison with other studies and help establish universal distribution coefficients for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary antiparasitics. CONCLUSIONS Since environmental exposure affects soils and sediments, future sorption studies should aim to include both matrices to review these essential pharmaceuticals and mitigate environmental risks from their use. The addition of soils and sediments from the African continent (Morocco) touches upon possible broader applications of ivermectin for human use. Especially for ivermectin and moxidectin, strong sorption further indicates high hydrophobicity and provides initial concern for potential aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicological effects such as bioaccumulation. Our derived K OW estimates also urge to re-assess this important regulatory parameter with contemporary techniques for all four substances. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Patrick Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Timm Zöltzer
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonard Böhm
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara Jaddoudi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av Ibn Battouta Agdal, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine El Maataoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av Ibn Battouta Agdal, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalek Dahchour
- Département Des Sciences Fondamentales Et Appliquées, Institut Agronomique Et Véterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Mahefarisoa K, Simon Delso N, Zaninotto V, Colin M, Bonmatin J. The threat of veterinary medicinal products and biocides on pollinators: A One Health perspective. One Health 2021; 12:100237. [PMID: 33851001 PMCID: PMC8022246 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The One Health approach acknowledges that human health is firmly linked to animal and environmental health. It involves using animals such as bees and other pollinators as sentinels for environmental contamination or biological indicators. Beekeepers noticed intoxications of apiaries located in the vicinity of sheep and cattle farms, which led to the suspicion of bees' intoxication by the products used for livestock: veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) and Biocides, confirmed by laboratory analysis. We review the legal context of VMPs and Biocidal products considering Europe as a case study, and identify shortcomings at the environmental level. We describe the possible ways these products could intoxicate bees in the vicinity of livestock farms. We also illustrate the way they may impact non-target species. The cases of ivermectin and abamectin as VMPs, deltamethrin and permethrin as Biocides are considered as case studies. We show bees can be exposed to new and unrecognized routes of exposure to these chemicals, and demonstrate that their application in livestock farming can affect the survival of pollinators, such as bees. We conclude that: (1) figures on the marketing/use of these chemicals should be harmonized, centralized and publicly available, (2) research should be devoted to clarifying how pollinators are exposed to VMPs and Biocides, (3) toxicity studies on bees should be carried out, and (4) pollinators should be considered as non-targeted species concerning the environmental risk assessment before their marketing authorization. We propose the term "Multi-use substances" for active ingredients with versatile use.
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Key Words
- BTV, Bluetongue virus
- Bees
- ECHA, European Chemical Agency
- EIA, environmental impact assessment
- EMA, Environmental Medicine Agency
- ERA, environmental risk assessment
- Ecotoxicology
- Environmental health
- Livestock
- MA, market authorisation
- Multi-use substances
- PEC, predicted environmental concentration
- PNEC, predicted no effect concentration
- Pesticide
- RQ, risk quotient
- Risk assessment
- SPs, synthetic pyrethroids
- VICH, International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products.
- VMPs, veterinary medicinal products
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Affiliation(s)
- K.L. Mahefarisoa
- Catholic University of Louvain, Faculty of bioscience engineering, Place Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - N. Simon Delso
- Beekeeping Center of Research and Information (CARI asbl), BeeLife European Beekeeping Coordination, Place Croix du Sud 1, 1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - V. Zaninotto
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, University of Paris, UPEC, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (IEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - M.E. Colin
- Montpellier Fédération Nationale des Organisations Sanitaires Apicoles Départementales (FNOSAD), 41 Rue Pernety, 75014 Paris, France
| | - J.M. Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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Fahed C, Hayar S. Conventional vs. Organic Cucumber Production in Lebanon: Risk Assessment of the Recommended Agrochemicals on Consumer Health and the Environment. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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59
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Villada-Bedoya S, Chávez-Ríos JR, Montoya B, Castelán F, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, González-Tokman D. Heat shock proteins and antioxidants as mechanisms of response to ivermectin in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128707. [PMID: 33168281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is the most common antiparasitic drug used in livestock in many regions of the world. Its residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target fauna such as dung beetles, fundamental for cleaning dung in pastures. However, it is unclear which are the physiological mechanisms used by dung beetles to cope with ivermectin. Here we evaluated experimentally the physiological responses of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius to ivermectin-induced stress. We measured metabolic rates, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage in lipids in both males and females exposed to a sublethal dose. Compared to control beetles, ivermectin-treated males and females had increased metabolic rates. Moreover, ivermectin-treated females increased their expression of Hsp70 whereas males increased their antioxidant capacity. No changes in the levels of oxidative damage to lipids were detected for either sex, suggesting a process of hormesis, such that exposure to a moderate concentration of ivermectin could stimulate the action of a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, that differs between sexes. However, it does not exclude the possibility that damage to other biomolecules might have occurred. Sexual differences in physiological responses can be interpreted as the result of hormonal differences or life-history trade-offs that favor different mechanisms in females and males. Hsps and antioxidants are involved in the physiological response of beetles to ivermectin and may be key in providing resistance to this contaminant in target and non-target species, including dung beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Bibiana Montoya
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
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Belevich O, Yurchenko Y, Alekseev A, Kotina O, Odeyanko V, Tsentalovich Y, Yanshole L, Kryukov V, Danilov V, Glupov V. Toxic Effects of Fine Plant Powder Impregnated With Avermectins on Mosquito Larvae and Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:773-780. [PMID: 33112404 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of an avermectin-impregnated fine plant powder (AIFP) against larval Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex modestus Ficalbi (Diptera: Culicidae), and Anopheles messeae Falleroni (Diptera: Culicidae), as well as selected nontarget aquatic invertebrates, were studied under laboratory conditions. The possibility of trophic transfer of avermectins (AVMs) through the food chain and their toxic effects on predaceous species fed AIFP-treated mosquito larvae was also evaluated. Among mosquitoes, Anopheles messeae were the most sensitive to AIFP, while Cx. modestus exhibited the least sensitivity to this formulation. Among nontarget aquatic invertebrates, the greatest toxicity of AIFP was observed for benthic species (larval Chironomus sp. Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae), whereas predators (dragonflies, water beetles, and water bugs) exhibited the lowest AIFP sensitivity. AIFP sensitivity of the clam shrimp Lynceus brachyurus O. F. Muller (Diplostraca: Lynceidae), the phantom midge Chaoborus crystallinus De Geer (Diptera: Chaoboridae), and the mayfly Caenis robusta Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) was intermediate and similar to the sensitivity of the mosquito Cx. modestus. However, these nontarget species were more resistant than An. messeae and Ae. aegypti. Solid-phase extraction of mosquito larvae treated with AIFP and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the extracts revealed an AVM concentration of up to 2.1 ± 0.3 μg/g. Feeding the creeping water bug Ilyocoris cimicoides L. (Hemiptera: Naucoridae) on the AIFP-treated mosquito larvae resulted in 51% mortality of the predaceous species. But no toxicity was observed for Aeshna mixta Latreille (Odonata: Aeshnidae) dragonfly larvae fed those mosquito larvae. The results of this work showed that this AVM formulation can be effective against mosquito larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Belevich
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yury Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Dispersal Systems, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oxana Kotina
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Yury Tsentalovich
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Yanshole
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim Kryukov
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victor Danilov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies (SFSCA) RAS, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Victor Glupov
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Luan S, Xiong H, Muhayimana S, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhang F, Liu X, Chen Y, Huang Q. Accurate Analysis of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites and Anion Components in Hemocytes by IC-CD/ESI-MS for Quantifying Insecticide Impairment on Cellular Immunity in Mythimna separata. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1984-1993. [PMID: 33533600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are more broadly known to affect insect cellular immunity, but the components in hemocytes and their response to insecticide stress are still unknown. In this paper, a method based on trifluoroacetic acid extraction, followed by IC-CD/ESI-MS analysis, was developed to simultaneously determine tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites and anion components in hemocytes from Mythimna separata larvae. Validation gave excellent selectivity, recovery (88.7-107.6%), linear correlation (r2 > 0.9961), precision (<3.89%), LOD (0.002-0.006 mg/L), LOQ (0.006-0.020 mg/L), and a short chromatographic run. The method was verified by administration of 4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yl 3-(1,3-dioxoiso-indolin-2-yl) propanoate (QDP) or emamectin benzoate (EMB) to hemocytes in vitro and larvae in vivo. TCA metabolites including citrate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate, and anions including acetate, oxalate, chloride, carbonate, and sulfate were identified and clearly separated. QDP and EMB showed a biphasic dose effect on TCA metabolites, and the contrary hormesis paralleled the different actions of QDP and EMB. The inhibition or improvement of cellular immunity depended on the QDP concentration. In conclusion, a highly sensitive, reliable, and robust method was developed, enabling the monitoring of hemocyte immunity by the quantification of TCA metabolites and anion components in minute hemocyte samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Luan
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Solange Muhayimana
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiuyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry Shanghai Laboratory of Application and Research Center, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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González-Tokman D, Gil-Pérez Y, Servín-Pastor M, Alvarado F, Escobar F, Baena-Díaz F, García-Robledo C, Martínez-M I. Effect of Chemical Pollution and Parasitism on Heat Tolerance in Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:462-467. [PMID: 33079989 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem services provided by insects are threatened by recent increasing global temperatures, particularly in the tropics, where insects live close to their thermal limits. Given that tolerance to high temperatures depends on individual metabolism and physiological stress response, it may also be sensitive to other stressors that are common in natural and human-modified environments, such as pollution and parasite pressure. The effects of multiple stressors could be synergistic and can be particularly relevant in insects that provide highly valuable ecosystem services, such as dung beetles in cattle pastures. Here we measured heat tolerance (critical thermal maximum, CTmax) in dung beetles exposed to ivermectin, a toxic parasiticide excreted in cattle dung, with known negative effects on coprophagous fauna, and in beetles exposed to an immune challenge. We also exposed a group of beetles to a combination of both ivermectin and immune challenge to test for potential synergistic effects of both stressors. Contrary to our predictions, CTmax did not change with ivermectin exposure, but increased in immune-challenged beetles. As found in other insects, CTmax was higher in larger beetles, highlighting the importance of body size on thermal tolerance in ectotherms. We discuss potential mechanisms responsible of increased heat tolerance in immune-challenged beetles and highlight the importance of natural and human-induced environmental pressures that now interact with global warming and threaten ecosystem services provided by wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, Insurgentes sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, CDMX, México
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Yorleny Gil-Pérez
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Mariana Servín-Pastor
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Fredy Alvarado
- Postgraduate Program in Agrarian Sciences (Agroecology, PPGCAG), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus III Cidade Universitária, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Fernanda Baena-Díaz
- CONACYT, Insurgentes sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos García-Robledo
- Postgraduate Program in Agrarian Sciences (Agroecology, PPGCAG), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus III Cidade Universitária, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, CT
| | - Imelda Martínez-M
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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63
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Effect of macrocyclic lactones on nontarget coprophilic organisms: a review. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:773-783. [PMID: 33501585 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones are frequently used dewormers in livestock farms around the world. Due to their wide spectrum of action against nematodes and arthropods and their practicality of application at very low doses, their use has become massive since their discovery. These compounds are eliminated in a large percentage in the feces of animals, causing adverse effects on coprophilic fauna. Several research groups around the world have been devoted to evaluating these effects on this fauna. The aim of this review is to register the adverse effects of the concentrations in which macrocyclic lactones are eliminated in the feces of domestic animals and the importance of the coprophilic and edaphilous fauna on the degradation of the feces of the animals. The documented data shows that the use of macrocyclic lactones has a high toxicological risk for the different species that colonize the dung, thus causing an adverse effect on its disintegration and its subsequent incorporation into the soil. Even so, more studies at the regional level and their standardization are necessary to make the comparison between different areas possible.
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64
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Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN. Toxic responses of blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) following contact exposure to neonicotinoids, macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethroids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111681. [PMID: 33396013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of particulate matter originating from beef cattle feed yards on the High Plains of the United States has revealed occurrence of multiple pesticides believed to potentially impact non-Apis pollinators. Among these pesticides are those that are highly toxic to Apis mellifera (honey bees). However, little non-Apis bee species toxicity data exist; especially pertaining to beef cattle feed yard-derived pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a series of 96-h contact toxicity tests with blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) using three neonicotinoids, two pyrethroids, and two macrocyclic lactones. Neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin) were most toxic with LD50 values ranging from 2.88 to 26.35 ng/bee, respectively. Macrocyclic lactones (abamectin and ivermectin) were also highly toxic to O. lignaria with LD50 estimates of 5.51-32.86 ng/bee. Pyrethroids (permethrin and bifenthrin) were relatively less toxic with LD50 values greater than 33 ng/bee. Sensitivity ratios for each pesticide were calculated to relate O. lignaria LD50 values to existing honey bee toxicity data. All three neonicotinoids were more toxic to O. lignaria than A. mellifera, but pyrethroids and abamectin were relatively less toxic. Additionally, three of seven pesticides (43%) resulted in significantly different mass normalized LD50 values for male and female O. lignaria. These results indicate that non-Apis pollinators may be highly susceptible to pesticides originating from beef cattle feed yards, necessitating consideration of more stringent regulatory protections than those based on A. mellifera pesticide sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Frank B Green
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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Nicklisch SC, Hamdoun A. Disruption of small molecule transporter systems by Transporter-Interfering Chemicals (TICs). FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4158-4185. [PMID: 33222203 PMCID: PMC8112642 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule transporters (SMTs) in the ABC and SLC families are important players in disposition of diverse endo- and xenobiotics. Interactions of environmental chemicals with these transporters were first postulated in the 1990s, and since validated in numerous in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Recent results on the co-crystal structure of ABCB1 with the flame-retardant BDE-100 demonstrate that a diverse range of man-made and natural toxic molecules, hereafter termed transporter-interfering chemicals (TICs), can directly bind to SMTs and interfere with their function. TIC-binding modes mimic those of substrates, inhibitors, modulators, inducers, and possibly stimulants through direct and allosteric mechanisms. Similarly, the effects could directly or indirectly agonize, antagonize or perhaps even prime the SMT system to alter transport function. Importantly, TICs are distinguished from drugs and pharmaceuticals that interact with transporters in that exposure is unintended and inherently variant. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of environmental chemical interaction with SMTs, the methodological considerations for their evaluation, and the future directions for TIC discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C.T. Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202
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66
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Nixon SA, Welz C, Woods DJ, Costa-Junior L, Zamanian M, Martin RJ. Where are all the anthelmintics? Challenges and opportunities on the path to new anthelmintics. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 14:8-16. [PMID: 32814269 PMCID: PMC7452592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Control of helminth parasites is a key challenge for human and veterinary medicine. In the absence of effective vaccines and adequate sanitation, prophylaxis and treatment commonly rely upon anthelmintics. There are concerns about the development of drug resistance, side-effects, lack of efficacy and cost-effectiveness that drive the need for new classes of anthelmintics. Despite this need, only three new drug classes have reached the animal market since 2000 and no new classes of anthelmintic have been approved for human use. So where are all the anthelmintics? What are the barriers to anthelmintic discovery, and what emerging opportunities can be used to address this? This was a discussion group focus at the 2019 8th Consortium for Anthelmintic Resistance and Susceptibility (CARS) in Wisconsin, USA. Here we report the findings of the group in the broader context of the human and veterinary anthelmintic discovery pipeline, highlighting challenges unique to antiparasitic drug discovery. We comment on why the development of novel anthelmintics has been so rare. Further, we discuss potential opportunities for drug development moving into the 21st Century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Nixon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Debra J Woods
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Livio Costa-Junior
- Federal University of Maranhão, Pathology Department, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Mostafa Zamanian
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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67
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Manning P, Cutler GC. Exposure to low concentrations of pesticide stimulates ecological functioning in the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10359. [PMID: 33282556 PMCID: PMC7690291 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Body-size is an important trait for predicting how species contribute to ecosystem functions and respond to environmental stress. Using the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), we explored how variation in body-size affected ecosystem functioning (dung burial) and sensitivity to an environmental stressor (exposure to the veterinary anthelmintic ivermectin). We found that large beetles buried nearly 1.5-fold more dung than small beetles, but that mortality from exposure to a range of concentrations of ivermectin did not differ between large and small beetles. Unexpectedly, we found that exposure to low concentrations of ivermectin (0.01–1 mg ivermectin per kg dung) stimulated dung burial in both small and large beetles. Our results provide evidence of ecological functioning hormesis stemming from exposure to low amounts of a chemical stressor that causes mortality at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manning
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110758. [PMID: 33158097 PMCID: PMC7694179 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Red imported fire ants are a notorious pest, impacting humans, livestock, pets and wildlife due to their venomous stings and causing billions of dollars in damages annually. Synthetic insecticides are a major tool used to control this pest. There is an ever-increasing public concern about the potential adverse effects of synthetic insecticides. Extensive effort has been made in searching for alternatives. In addition to biological control, physical and cultural practices, and semiochemicals, natural products continue to be one of the most attractive sources of alternatives. Naturally occurring compounds/materials have been successfully used as active ingredients in fire ant baits, contact-based control products, repellants and fumigants. In this article, we summarized the synthetic insecticides that are currently used in managing fire ants, available alternative products in the current USA market, and academic efforts in searching for fire ant natural toxins, repellants and fumigants. Abstract The invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (hereafter, fire ants), is a significant threat to public health and a danger to livestock, pets and wildlife due to their venomous stings. The fire ant has invaded many countries and regions and has become a globally significant pest. The current major tool to manage fire ants are synthetic insecticides that are used largely as stomach poisons in bait products or contact insecticides in spray, broadcast, drench, and dust products for area and nest treatments. In addition to these insecticide products, repellants and fumigants can also be useful in some unique scenarios. The ever-increasing public concern about the potential adverse effects of synthetic insecticides on health and the environment has been a driving force for searching for safer alternatives to control fire ants. Tremendous effort has been made in developing biologically-based control for managing fire ants; however, natural products continue to be one of the most attractive sources of safe alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Here, we summarized the synthetic insecticides that are currently used in managing fire ants, available alternative products in the current market, and academic efforts in searching for fire ant natural toxins, repellants and fumigants.
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69
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Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN. Pesticides Used on Beef Cattle Feed Yards Are Aerially Transported into the Environment Via Particulate Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13008-13015. [PMID: 32936619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the recent discovery of veterinary pharmaceutical aerial transport from industrial cattle feeding operations via particulate matter, the objective of this study is to determine the extent to which insecticides are also transported into the environment by total suspended particulates emanating from beef cattle feed yards. Of 16 different pesticides quantified in particulate matter samples collected from beef cattle feed yards, permethrin was detected most frequently at >67% of particulate matter samples and at a mean concentration of 1211.7 ± 781.0 (SE) ng/m3. Imidacloprid was detected at a mean concentration of 62.8 ± 38.2 (SE) ng/m3 or equivalent to published concentrations in dust from treated seed planting activities. When insecticide concentrations observed in this study are projected to all United States of America feed yards, the resulting particulate matter (669,000 kg) could contain enough insecticides (active ingredient mass basis) to kill over a billion honeybees daily. Furthermore, a novel transport pathway for macrocyclic lactone entry into the environment was identified. These data raise concern that nontarget organisms may be exposed to potentially toxic levels of pesticides from beef cattle feed yards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Frank B Green
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Hemalatha D, Rangasamy B, Nataraj B, Maharajan K, Narayanasamy A, Ramesh M. Transcriptional, biochemical and histological alterations in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizer-328. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139851. [PMID: 32758936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer-328 (BUV-328) in different environmental and biological matrices is of immediate environmental concern. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of BUV-328 in zebrafish liver tissues to understand the role of oxidative damage in hepatotoxicity. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L of BUV-328. At the end of 14, 28 and 42 days, liver tissues were examined for the responses of antioxidant enzymes, gene expression and histopathological alterations. The results indicated that superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were elevated at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/L on 14th and 28th day. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated in all the treated groups. The transcriptional levels of genes encoding sod, cat, gpx and gst enzymes were increased at 14th day and then declined (except sod on 28th day). Moreover, transcription of cyp1a and hsp70 were up-regulated throughout the study period. Histopathological lesions such as hypertrophy, cellular and nuclear enlargement, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, necrosis with pyknotic nuclei, lipid and cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear displacement to the periphery were found to be increased with the dose and exposure duration. In brief, our findings indicate that even a low dose of BUV-328 is toxic to induce oxidative stress and liver damage in zebrafish over a long period of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hemalatha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Maharajan
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Parasitological and immunological response to Haemonchus contortus infection: Comparison between resistant Garole and susceptible Sahabadi sheep. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 22:100477. [PMID: 33308756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Parasitological and immunological responses to the experimentally induced Haemonchus contortus infection were compared between Garole and Sahabadi breeds of sheep. The experiment was conducted in a 2 (breed) × 2 (infection status) factorial arrangement with a completely randomised design. Two breeds of sheep were divided into infected (n = 10) and control (n = 6) groups, and the infected groups were orally infected with H. contortus (500 stage 3 larvae per kilogram of body weight). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined from 18 days post infection (DPI) at 3-day intervals until 42 DPI. Average daily body weight gain, packed cell volume (PCV), concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, IgG2, IgE and peripheral eosinophil count were measured at 14-day intervals from 0 to 42 DPI. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to somatic antigen of H. contortus was determined by in vitro lymphoproliferation assay, and concentrations of interferon gama (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in lymphocyte culture supernatant were measured at 14-day intervals until 42 DPI. Variables were analysed using the repeated measures mixed model procedure over DPI. Faecal egg count was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in Garole sheep than Sahabadi sheep and no faecal eggs were detected in the infected Garole sheep on 30 DPI. Infected Garole sheep had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain and PCV% than the infected Sahabadi sheep. In the infected Garole sheep, serum Ig except IgE increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to infected Sahabadi sheep. On 28 DPI, peripheral eosinophil number, in vitro lymphoproliferation as well as concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in culture supernatant were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the infected Garole sheep than in the infected Sahabadi sheep. Parasitological observations indicated that Garole sheep were resistant to H. contortus and they exhibited greater cellular as well as humoral immune responses compared to Sahabadi sheep.
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Wang Y, Gong M, Wang X, Peng X, Wang Y, Guan J, Cheng D, Weng C, Zheng Y. Efficient degradation of ivermectin by newly isolated Aeromonas taiwanensis ZJB-18,044. Biodegradation 2020; 31:275-288. [PMID: 32936376 PMCID: PMC7492233 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a widely used antiparasitic agent and acaricide. Despite its high efficiency against nematodes and arthropods, IVM may pose a threat to the environment due to its ecotoxcity. In this study, degradation of IVM by a newly isolated bacterium Aeromonas taiwanensis ZJB-18,044 was investigated. Strain ZJB-18,044 can completely degrade 50 mg/L IVM in 5 d with a biodegradation ability of 0.42 mg/L/h. Meanwhile, it exhibited high tolerance (50 mg/L) to doramectin, emamectin, rifampicin, and spiramycin. It can also efficiently degrade doramectin, emamectin, and spiramycin. The IVM degradation of strain ZJB-18,044 can be inhibited by erythromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin or rifampicin. However, supplement of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, can partially recover the IVM degradation. Moreover, strain ZJB-18,044 cells can pump out excess IVM to maintain a low intracellular IVM concentration. Therefore, the IVM tolerance of strain ZJB-18,044 may be due to the regulation of the intracellular IVM concentration by the activated macrolide efflux pump(s). With the high IVM degradation efficiency, A. taiwanensis ZJB-18,044 may serve as a bioremediation agent for IVM and other macrolides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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73
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El-Saber Batiha G, Alqahtani A, Ilesanmi OB, Saati AA, El-Mleeh A, Hetta HF, Magdy Beshbishy A. Avermectin Derivatives, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic and Toxic Dosages, Mechanism of Action, and Their Biological Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E196. [PMID: 32824399 PMCID: PMC7464486 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avermectins are a group of drugs that occurs naturally as a product of fermenting Streptomyces avermitilis, an actinomycetes, isolated from the soil. Eight different structures, including ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, moxidectin, and selamectin, were isolated and divided into four major components (A1a, A2a, B1a and B2a) and four minor components (A1b, A2b, B1b, and B2b). Avermectins are generally used as a pesticide for the treatment of pests and parasitic worms as a result of their anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. Additionally, they possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiviral, antifungal, and are used for treatment of several metabolic disorders. Avermectin generally works by preventing the transmission of electrical impulse in the muscle and nerves of invertebrates, by amplifying the glutamate effects on the invertebrates-specific gated chloride channel. Avermectin has unwanted effects or reactions, especially when administered indiscriminately, which include respiratory failure, hypotension, and coma. The current review examines the mechanism of actions, biosynthesis, safety, pharmacokinetics, biological toxicity and activities of avermectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omotayo B. Ilesanmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke 561, Nigeria;
| | - Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm 32511, Egypt;
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
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74
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Hardy M, Wright BA, Bachman JL, Boit TB, Haley HMS, Knapp RR, Lusi RF, Okada T, Tona V, Garg NK, Sarpong R. Treating a Global Health Crisis with a Dose of Synthetic Chemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1017-1030. [PMID: 32719821 PMCID: PMC7336722 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted scientists from many disciplines to work collaboratively toward an effective response. As academic synthetic chemists, we examine how best to contribute to this ongoing effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa
A. Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brandon A. Wright
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - J. Logan Bachman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy B. Boit
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hannah M. S. Haley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rachel R. Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert F. Lusi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Taku Okada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Veronica Tona
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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75
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Mahdjoub H, Blanckenhorn WU, Lüpold S, Roy J, Gourgoulianni N, Khelifa R. Fitness consequences of the combined effects of veterinary and agricultural pesticides on a non-target insect. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126271. [PMID: 32114345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and veterinary products that are globally used in farming against pests and parasites are known to impact non-target beneficial organisms. While most studies have tested the lethal and sub-lethal effects of single chemicals, species are exposed to multiple contaminants that might interact and exacerbate the toxic responses of life-history fitness components. Here we experimentally tested an ecotoxicological scenario that is likely to be widespread in nature, with non-target dung communities being exposed both to cattle parasiticides during the larval stage and to agricultural insecticides during their adult life. We assessed the independent and combined consumptive effects of varying ivermectin and spinosad concentration on juvenile life-history and adult reproductive traits of the widespread yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria; Diptera: Scathophagidae). Larval exposure to ivermectin prolonged development time and reduced egg-to-adult survival, body size, and the magnitude of the male-biased sexual size dimorphism. The consumption by the predatory adult flies of spinosad-contaminated prey showed an additional, independent (from ivermectin) negative effect on female clutch size, and subsequent egg hatching success, but not on the body size and sexual size dimorphism of their surviving offspring. However, there were interactive synergistic effects of both contaminants on offspring emergence and body size. Our results document adverse effects of the combination of different chemicals on fitness components of a dung insect, highlighting transgenerational effects of adult exposure to contaminants for their offspring. These findings suggest that ecotoxicological tests should consider the combination of different contaminants for more accurate eco-assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mahdjoub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Lüpold
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jeannine Roy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Natalia Gourgoulianni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rassim Khelifa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Botany, 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Biodiversity Research Centre, 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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76
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Haddi K, Turchen LM, Viteri Jumbo LO, Guedes RN, Pereira EJ, Aguiar RW, Oliveira EE. Rethinking biorational insecticides for pest management: unintended effects and consequences. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2286-2293. [PMID: 32237033 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biorational insecticides are composed of natural products, including animals, plants, microbes, and minerals, or are their derivates. The use of biorational products for the management of insect pests has grown intensively in recent years, which has increased their popularity and share on the insecticide global market. Much of these recent increases in the use of biorational insecticides has been derived from the generalized perception that conventional insecticides have undesirable ecological and human health impacts. However, the idea of simply replacing synthetic compounds with biorational insecticides without considering their potential unintended effects can mislead their use and reduce the market life of such pest management tools. A systematic literature survey encompassing over 15 000 scientific manuscripts published between 1945 and 2019 reinforces the bias of focusing on studying the targeted effects while overlooking the potential detrimental effects of biorational products on human health and the environment (e.g. death and negative sublethal effects on pollinators and beneficial arthropods such as parasitoids and predators). Thus, the risks associated with biorational compounds (e.g. control failures, the evolution of resistance, shift in dominance, and outbreaks of secondary or primary pests) need to be revisited and the outcomes of such inquiry could be decisive for their future use in pest management programs. The shortcomings of regulatory processes, knowledge gaps, and the outlook for the use of the biorational products in pest management are discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Turchen
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Raul Nc Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Jg Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Ws Aguiar
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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77
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Catalogue of stage-specific transcripts in Ixodes ricinus and their potential functions during the tick life-cycle. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:311. [PMID: 32546252 PMCID: PMC7296661 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of several clinically important diseases, whose prevalence increases with accelerating global climate changes. Characterization of a tick life-cycle is thus of great importance. However, researchers mainly focus on specific organs of fed life stages, while early development of this tick species is largely neglected. Methods In an attempt to better understand the life-cycle of this widespread arthropod parasite, we sequenced the transcriptomes of four life stages (egg, larva, nymph and adult female), including unfed and partially blood-fed individuals. To enable a more reliable identification of transcripts and their comparison in all five transcriptome libraries, we validated an improved-fit set of five I. ricinus-specific reference genes for internal standard normalization of our transcriptomes. Then, we mapped biological functions to transcripts identified in different life stages (clusters) to elucidate life stage-specific processes. Finally, we drew conclusions from the functional enrichment of these clusters specifically assigned to each transcriptome, also in the context of recently published transcriptomic studies in ticks. Results We found that reproduction-related transcripts are present in both fed nymphs and fed females, underlining the poorly documented importance of ovaries as moulting regulators in ticks. Additionally, we identified transposase transcripts in tick eggs suggesting elevated transposition during embryogenesis, co-activated with factors driving developmental regulation of gene expression. Our findings also highlight the importance of the regulation of energetic metabolism in tick eggs during embryonic development and glutamate metabolism in nymphs. Conclusions Our study presents novel insights into stage-specific transcriptomes of I. ricinus and extends the current knowledge of this medically important pathogen, especially in the early phases of its development.![]()
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78
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Verdú JR, Cortez V, Ortiz AJ, Lumaret JP, Lobo JM, Sánchez-Piñero F. Biomagnification and body distribution of ivermectin in dung beetles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9073. [PMID: 32493927 PMCID: PMC7270108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A terrestrial test system to investigate the biomagnification potential and tissue-specific distribution of ivermectin, a widely used parasiticide, in the non-target dung beetle Thorectes lusitanicus (Jekel) was developed and validated. Biomagnification kinetics of ivermectin in T. lusitanicus was investigated by following uptake, elimination, and distribution of the compound in dung beetles feeding on contaminated faeces. Results showed that ivermectin was biomagnified in adults of T. lusitanicus when exposed to non-lethal doses via food uptake. Ivermectin was quickly transferred from the gut to the haemolymph, generating a biomagnification factor (BMFk) three times higher in the haemolymph than in the gut after an uptake period of 12 days. The fat body appeared to exert a major role on the biomagnification of ivermectin in the insect body, showing a BMFk 1.6 times higher than in the haemolymph. The results of this study highlight that the biomagnification of ivermectin should be investigated from a global dung-based food web perspective and that the use of these antiparasitic substances should be monitored and controlled on a precautionary basis. Thus, we suggest that an additional effort be made in the development of standardised regulatory recommendations to guide biomagnification studies in terrestrial organisms, but also that it is necessary to adapt existing methods to assess the effects of such veterinary medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Verdú
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03690, Spain.
| | - Vieyle Cortez
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03690, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, CNRS, IRD, CEFE UMR 5175, F34000. Université Paul-Valéry Laboratoire Zoogéographie, route de Mende, 34199, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Jorge M Lobo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global. José Abascal 2, Madrid, E-28006, Spain
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79
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Jimenez IA, Odom MR, Childs‐Sanford SE, Lucio‐Forster A, Bowman DD. Lynxacarus
and
Demodex
infestation in a captive jaguar (
Panthera onca
) in La Democracia, Belize. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Angelica Jimenez
- College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
- Animal Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Margaret R Odom
- College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Sara E Childs‐Sanford
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Araceli Lucio‐Forster
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Dwight D Bowman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
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80
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Ogueji E, Nwani C, Mbah C, Iheanacho S, Nweke F. Oxidative stress, biochemical, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant responses in Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of ivermectin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16806-16815. [PMID: 32141005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The short-term effects of ivermectin (IVMT) on the oxidative stress and biochemical parameters of Clarias gariepinus juvenile was assessed under semi-static conditions at concentrations of 9 to 25 μg L-1 for up to 4 days. Juveniles were highly sensitive to ivermectin, with an LC50 of 15 μg L-1.The antioxidant enzyme profile assessed included glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). General stress biomarkers such as serum glucose, protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also determined at 24-h, 48-h, 72-h, and 96-h exposure durations. Lipid peroxidation showed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in higher concentrations (21 μg L-1and 25 μg L-1) and durations of exposure (72 h and 96 h). Significant concentration-dependent increases (p < 0.05) were recorded in the liver function enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) when compared to the control. GPx decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in higher concentrations (21 μg L-1and 25 μg L-1) and durations of exposure (48-96 h). Protein showed significant concentration-dependent decreases, while glucose recorded a mixed trend. The changes in the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and serum metabolites were indicative of oxidative stress induced by IVMT. This showed that IVMT is toxic to fish and should be used with utmost caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ogueji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Christopher Nwani
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christian Mbah
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Stanley Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Friday Nweke
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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81
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Flick AC, Leverett CA, Ding HX, McInturff E, Fink SJ, Helal CJ, DeForest JC, Morse PD, Mahapatra S, O’Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to New Drugs Approved during 2018. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10652-10704. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Flick
- Takeda California, Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Leverett
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong X. Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Emma McInturff
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah J. Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Jacob C. DeForest
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter D. Morse
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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82
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Finch D, Schofield H, Floate KD, Kubasiewicz LM, Mathews F. Implications of Endectocide Residues on the Survival of Aphodiine Dung Beetles: A Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:863-872. [PMID: 32181912 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is often difficult to compare studies examining the effects of endectocides on dung fauna because of different experimental approaches, for example, active ingredients (eprinomectin, doramectin, ivermectin, moxidectin) and formulations (injectable, pour-on, spiked). To gain a better understanding, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis using 22 studies to assess the overall effect of endectocide residues on the occurrence (presence or absence) and abundance of aphodiine dung beetles. Our results document a positive effect on the occurrence of adult beetles, indicating that adults tend to be attracted to dung with residues. Conversely, larvae are less likely to occur in the presence of residues. Thus, either adults that colonize dung with residues do not lay eggs or, more likely, the larvae that hatch from these eggs die early in development. Abundance of adult and larval stages was shown to be significantly reduced in dung containing residues. When individual endectocides were compared, only ivermectin demonstrated a significantly negative effect on the abundance of both adults and larvae, possibly owing to a small sample size for other agents. In laboratory studies, only dung "spiked" with endectocides reduced the abundance of larvae, whereas during field research, only pour-on applications were shown to reduce the abundance of larvae. The present study further documents the nontarget effects of endectocide residues on dung-dwelling organisms, provides robust evidence on the consequences of different application methods, and emphasizes the need for standardized methodological techniques in future studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:863-872. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall Finch
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Schofield
- Vincent Wildlife Trust, Bronsil Courtyard, Eastnor, Ledbury, Herefordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura M Kubasiewicz
- Research and Operational Support Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Mathews
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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83
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Peña-Espinoza M, Valente AH, Bornancin L, Simonsen HT, Thamsborg SM, Williams AR, López-Muñoz R. Anthelmintic and metabolomic analyses of chicory (Cichorium intybus) identify an industrial by-product with potent in vitro antinematodal activity. Vet Parasitol 2020; 280:109088. [PMID: 32278938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a bioactive forage rich in sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) with reported in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity in livestock. However, the on-farm adoption of chicory as an anthelmintic crop is limited and may be facilitated by using standardised industrial chicory material. Chicory root pulp is a by-product obtained from industrial chicory roots after inulin extraction and can potentially retain SLs. However, SL content and associated anthelmintic activity of chicory root pulp have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the anthelmintic activity of SL-enriched extracts from chicory root pulp and forage chicory, and used untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking to identify potential anthelmintic molecules. Six different sources of chicory material were used: fresh chicory root pulp (from industrial chicory roots C. intybus var. sativum; "Root Pulp"), fresh leaves from chicory cv. Spadona (sampled on four occasions) and fresh leaves from chicory cv. Choice. The resulting extracts were tested for anthelmintic activity against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the pig nematode Ascaris suum. The cytotoxicity of the chicory extracts was evaluated on mammalian (Vero) cells. In the C. elegans assays, the Root Pulp was the most potent extract and induced paralysis in >95% of worms exposed to >250 μg extract/mL (EC50 = 64.2 μg/mL). In the A. suum assays, the Root Pulp was also the most potent chicory extract to inhibit worm motility (EC50 = 87.6 μg/mL), followed closely by two of the Spadona leaf extracts (EC50 = 89.8 μg/mL and 112.2 μg/mL) The Root Pulp extract had the lowest cytotoxicity of all tested extracts towards mammalian cells, with a selectivity index of 5.37. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that chicory Root Pulp had a markedly different chemical profile in comparison with forage chicory extracts. Molecular networking confirmed several SLs and SL-derivatives mainly present in chicory root pulp, that may be responsible of its potent anti-parasitic activity. Bioactivity-based molecular networking of chicory root pulp and the most potent forage chicory extracts revealed a high predicted anthelmintic score for the guaianolide SL 11,13-dihydro-lactucopicrin. In conclusion, chicory root pulp showed potent and selective in vitro anthelmintic activity against C. elegans and A. suum, with low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. The promising anthelmintic activity of chicory root pulp should be confirmed in vivo to further explore the potential of this agro-industrial by-product as a nutraceutical anthelmintic for livestock and as novel source of anti-parasitic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Angela H Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Louis Bornancin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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84
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de Araújo MJC, da Câmara CAG, Born FDS, de Moraes MM. Acaricidal activity of binary blends of essential oils and selected constituents against Tetranychus urticae in laboratory/greenhouse experiments and the impact on Neoseiulus californicus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 80:423-444. [PMID: 31950299 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of essential oils form Piper aduncum, Melaleuca leucadendra and Schinus terebinthifolius and their blends by fumigation and residual contact on Tetranychus urticae and its natural enemy, Neoseiulus californicus. Bioassays were performed in a greenhouse with the best blend of the oils and compared to the individual oils and Vertimec® (positive control). The main constituents identified by GC-MS were dillapiole, (E)-nerolidol and limonene in the oils from P. aduncum (76.5%), M. leucadendra (87.3%) and S. terebinthifolius (unripe/ripe fruits, 42.5/34.1%). The P. aduncum and M. leucadendra oils were the most toxic to the pest. Among the blends, the greatest toxicity to T. urticae occurred by residual contact with the M. leucadendra + S. terebinthifolius ripe fruit blend (50/50). The evaluation of the effects on N. californicus showed the compatibility of the oils and blends with the predator mite for use in the integrated management of T. urticae. β-Caryophyllene was the most toxic, independent of the method used. Based on toxicities of 11 oil constituents, the structure-activity relationship of these compounds is also discussed. This study showed that the acaricidal effect of the Piper, Melaleuca and Schinus oils can easily be increased by the binary combination of these oils. The binary blend between the oils of the Melaleuca leaves and ripe Schinus fruit in the greenhouse was effective at controlling the mite after 72 h, exhibiting the same level of toxicity as that found for the positive control (Vertimec 18 EC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Jorge Cerqueira de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia Agrícola, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Sn, Recife, PE, 52.171-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Augusto Gomes da Câmara
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia Agrícola, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Sn, Recife, PE, 52.171-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Sn, Recife, PE, 52.171-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia de Souza Born
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia Agrícola, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Sn, Recife, PE, 52.171-900, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Martins de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Sn, Recife, PE, 52.171-900, Brazil
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85
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van Koppenhagen N, Gourgoulianni N, Rohner PT, Roy J, Wegmann A, Blanckenhorn WU. Sublethal effects of the parasiticide ivermectin on male and female reproductive and behavioural traits in the yellow dung fly. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125240. [PMID: 31896183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin is commonly used against parasites of livestock. Excreted in dung it can have lethal and sublethal effects on non-target organisms developing in and living around cattle dung. Research in this realm typically investigates the impact of pharmaceuticals on dung-feeding insects by looking at juvenile development and survival, while fitness effects of adult exposure are largely neglected. We conducted laboratory experiments to assess combined effects of ivermectin on life history and reproductive traits of juvenile and adult yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria). Two treatments (12 and 24 μg ivermectin/kg wet dung) were used for the larvae reared in dung, and one much higher concentration (3000 μg ivermectin/kg sugar) for the adult flies (in addition to uncontaminated controls). Juvenile ivermectin exposure lead to smaller body size of male and female flies. Adult feeding on ivermectin-contaminated dung additionally resulted in adult male flies with smaller testes (and likely fewer sperm) that experienced reduced mating durations, resulting in lower probability of producing offspring. Exposure of adult flies to ivermectin lowered offspring production and survival for both sexes. Thus, treatment of livestock with pharmaceuticals such as ivermectin appears to have even more far-reaching sublethal ecological consequences than previously assumed by affecting not only flies at their larval stage but also adult mating behaviour and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola van Koppenhagen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Natalia Gourgoulianni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick T Rohner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jeannine Roy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandra Wegmann
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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86
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Ishikawa I, Iwasa M. Toxicological effect of ivermectin on the survival, reproduction, and feeding activity of four species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) in Japan. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:106-114. [PMID: 31190655 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin on the dung beetles Copris acutidens Motschulsky, Onthophagus bivertex Heyden, O. lenzii Harold and Phelotrupes auratus auratus Motschulsky in Japan. Ivermectin was detected in cattle dung from 1 to 3 or 7 days post-treatment, with a peak at 3 days post-treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 µg kg-1). In C. acutidens, adult survivals and numbers of brood balls were significantly reduced in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and adult emergence rates were significantly decreased in dung collected at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Feeding activity of C. acutidens was inhibited in dung collected at 3 days post-treatment, but was not significantly different from that seen in control dung at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. In O. bivertex and O. lenzii, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival or feeding activities, but the numbers of brood balls of O. bivertex constructed in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment were significantly lower than observed with control dung. The adult emergence rates of O. bivertex and O. lenzii were significantly reduced in dung collected at 1 to 3 and 1 to 7 days post-treatment, respectively. In P. auratus, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival, oviposition, feeding activity, or larval survival (until the third instar) in dung at 3 days post-treatment. The environmental risks affecting the populations of dung beetles in Japan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - M Iwasa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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87
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Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Leo A, Roncada P, Ritondo BL, Palma E, di Cave D, Britti D. Anthelminthic medicinal plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology: A network meta-analysis following the PRISMA-P and PROSPERO recommendations. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03256. [PMID: 32055724 PMCID: PMC7005420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants may be effective against helminthic infestation in animals, but to date few studies have investigated the real impact of anthelminthic medicinal plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology. The aim of this study was to assess the geographical use of anthelminthic medicinal plants in livestock in European Union (EU), and to quantify the anthelminthic efficacy of medicinal plants in comparison with anthelminthic drugs. Surveys on the use of anthelminthic traditional medicinal plants in livestock in the EU were included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies that investigated the efficacy of anthelminthic traditional medicinal plants in animals, compared with negative control and/or anthelminthic drugs, were included in the quantitative synthesis (network meta-analysis). Twelve surveys (9 in Italy, 2 in Spain, 1 in Austria) reported the use of anthelminthic medicinal plants in livestock living in EU Countries. Data obtained from 256 animals and extracted from 6 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Medicinal plants and drugs were more effective than negative control (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.60 95%CrI -0.88 to -0.31, -0.73 95%CrI -1.08 to -0.38, respectively, P < 0.001). Overall, no difference was detected between anthelminthic medicinal plants and anthelminthic drugs, namely albendazole, ivermectin, fenbendazole, and doramectin (SMD: 0.26 95%CrI -0.02 to 0.55, P > 0.05). The most effective anthelminthic medicinal plants were Artemisia absintihium, Allium sativum, and Duranta erecta. There is the strong medical need of performing adequately powered randomized controlled trials in different livestock species aimed to improve the quality of the current evidence concerning the anthelminthic efficacy of medicinal plants compared to that of the currently available antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pistocchini
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - David di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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88
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Barros GPD, Bricarello PA. Myiasis by <i>Cochliomyia hominivorax</i> (Coquerel, 1858): A Neglected Zoonosis in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.106007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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89
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Li Y, Zhang L, Ding J, Liu X. Prioritization of pharmaceuticals in water environment in China based on environmental criteria and risk analysis of top-priority pharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 253:109732. [PMID: 31698331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a wide range of pharmaceuticals are present in the environment and many of their adverse biological effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human health are unknown. Due to the high population density and large number of pharmaceuticals produced and consumed in China, a systematic approach is needed to identify pharmaceuticals that require greater attention. The present study provides a ranking of pharmaceuticals in China in terms of their occurrence (O), persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) based on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC). The total and partial ranking method implemented in the decision analysis by ranking techniques (DART) tool was used, which is an easy-to-use tool for the analysis of datasets. Using the DART approach, 10 pharmaceuticals were selected as priority compounds. These pharmaceuticals included antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and antilipidemic. In order to identify the characteristics of the priority pharmaceuticals, ecotoxicological endpoints were considered. The results of this study and the priority list facilitate the selection of candidate pollutants in future monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xianshu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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90
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Sasanelli N, Toderas I, Veronico P, Iurcu-Straistaru E, Rusu S, Melillo MT, Caboni P. Abamectin Efficacy on the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010012. [PMID: 31861665 PMCID: PMC7020153 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida is a major pest of the potato crop. Abamectin is a biological pesticide showing high nematicide activity, but its efficacy to control G. pallida has not been investigated to date. In this study, combination of different abamectin concentrations ranging from 1.125 to 36 µg/mL x exposure times from 24 to 384 h were tested on the nematode in a hatching test. Abamectin induced mortality with LD50 value in the range of 13.23 (after 24 h) to 2.90 µg/mL (after 384 h). A glasshouse experiment was also performed in pots filled with soil infected with G. pallida in the presence of sprouted potato tubers cultivar "Spunta". Abamectin at 4.5, 9.0, 18.0 and 36.0 µg/mL was used in comparison with nematicide fosthiazate. The doses of 18 and 36 µg/mL significantly reduced number of eggs, juveniles, cyst/g soil and reproduction rate in comparison to both untreated control and fosthiazate treatment. Soil applications of abamectin provided significant G. pallida control with LD50 and LD99.9 of 14.4 and 131.3 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate the efficacy of abamectin to control G. pallida on potato crops and its potential use in organic agriculture or in an integrated pest management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sasanelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.V.); (M.T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805929241
| | - Ion Toderas
- Institute of Zoology, MECC, St. Academiei 1, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova; (I.T.); (E.I.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Pasqua Veronico
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.V.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Elena Iurcu-Straistaru
- Institute of Zoology, MECC, St. Academiei 1, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova; (I.T.); (E.I.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Rusu
- Institute of Zoology, MECC, St. Academiei 1, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova; (I.T.); (E.I.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Melillo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.V.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
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91
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Villada-Bedoya S, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, Martínez-Morales I, González-Tokman D. Dung Beetle Body Condition: A Tool for Disturbance Evaluation in Contaminated Pastures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2392-2404. [PMID: 31550063 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of veterinary medical products and herbicides is a common practice in intensified livestock systems. These compounds affect nontarget organisms that perform important ecosystem functions, such as dung beetles. The assessment of body condition allows us to determine how individuals respond to changes in the environment. However, assessments of how contamination associated with cattle farming affects coprophagous insects such as dung beetles have not been conducted in natural systems. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ivermectin (an antiparasitic drug) and herbicides on the body condition of 3 species of dung beetles collected in the field: Copris incertus, Euoniticellus intermedius, and Digitonthophagus gazella. We recorded 3 condition indicators (body size, lipid mass, and muscle mass) of beetles collected from 19 livestock ranches in northeastern Mexico. In general, the use of ivermectin had adverse effects on C. incertus and E. intermedius whereas the effects were positive for D. gazella. Conversely, the use of herbicides had adverse effects on D. gazella and positive effects on C. incertus. The different effects of ivermectin and herbicides found in males and females show that sex can be important in determining individual responses to environmental contamination. Importantly, we provide the first evidence under natural conditions that native and exotic species of dung beetles are highly sensitive to different types of livestock management, with veterinary medications and herbicides having the ability to alter body condition. Changes in dung beetle condition can reduce the ecosystem services that dung beetles provide in livestock systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2392-2404. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Daniel González-Tokman
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de, México, México
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92
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Syslová E, Landa P, Navrátilová M, Stuchlíková LR, Matoušková P, Skálová L, Szotáková B, Vaněk T, Podlipná R. Ivermectin biotransformation and impact on transcriptome in Arabidopsis thaliana. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:528-535. [PMID: 31229714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary drugs enter the environment in many ways and may affect non-target organisms, including plants. The present project was focused on the biotransformation of ivermectin (IVM), one of the mostly used anthelmintics, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results certified the ability of plants to uptake IVM by roots and translocate it to the aboveground parts. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, six metabolites in roots and only the parent drug in rosettes were found after 24- and 72-h incubation of A. thaliana with IVM. The metabolites were formed only via hydroxylation and demethylation, with no IVM conjugates detected. Although IVM did not induce changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in A. thaliana rosettes, the expression of genes was significantly affected. Surprisingly, a higher number of transcripts, 300 and 438, respectively, was dysregulated in the rosettes than in roots. The significantly affected genes play role in response to salt, osmotic and water deprivation stress, in response to pathogens and in ion homeostasis. We hypothesize that the above described changes in gene transcription in A. thaliana resulted from disrupted ionic homeostasis caused by certain ionophore properties of IVM. Our results underlined the negative impact of IVM presence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Syslová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Lysolaje, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Lysolaje, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Lysolaje, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Lysolaje, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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Serafini S, Soares JG, Perosa CF, Picoli F, Segat JC, Da Silva AS, Baretta D. Eprinomectin antiparasitic affects survival, reproduction and behavior of Folsomia candida biomarker, and its toxicity depends on the type of soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103262. [PMID: 31634705 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the antiparasitic agent eprinomectin in two subtropical soils, using ecotoxicological lethality, reproduction and avoidance behavior tests with springtails (Folsomia candida). Eprinomectin concentrations were 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg kg-1 of dry soil combined with either Entisol or Oxisol soils. Statistically significant toxic effects of eprinomectin on springtails were observed in both soils. Eprinomectin was lethal starting at 8 mg kg-1 of dry soil in Entisol, and 20 mg kg-1 of dry soil in Oxisol, with effects less than 50% at lethal concentrations. Reductions in the reproduction rate of the springtails were also observed starting at 8 mg kg-1 of dry soil in Entisol, and 0.5 mg kg-1 of dry soil in Oxisol. ECrepr50 value calculated for Entisol was 4.38 ± 0.62 mg kg-1 of dry soil; for Oxisol the ECrepr50 was above the highest tested concentration. For avoidance behavior, the effect occurred from 0.5 mg kg-1 of dry soil for both soils. In Entisol, all concentrations caused avoidance of more than 95%, and in Oxisol the ECavoi50 value was 1.33 ± 0.83 mg kg-1 of dry soil. We conclude that eprinomectin affected survival, reproduction and caused avoidance behavior of F. candida in both soils. The toxic effects were greater as the concentration in the soils increased. The effects in Oxisol were less intense than those in Entisol with respect to the affected springtails. This discrepancy may be attributed to the different physicochemical characteristics of the soils that determine the retention capacity for eprinomectin; in particular, there are greater contents of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity in Oxisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Serafini
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Junior Gonçalves Soares
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Felicetti Perosa
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Picoli
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Julia Corá Segat
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Program of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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94
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de Sousa FA, de Morais CR, Vieira JS, Maranho LS, Machado FL, Pereira S, Barbosa LC, Coelho HE, Campos CF, Bonetti AM. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of ivermectin and amoxicillin in vivo systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103196. [PMID: 31152944 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antiparasitic substances are chemicals used to control or kill endoparasites and ectoparasites. Based on the premise that Ivermectin (IVM) and Amoxicillin (AMX) are commonly considered in parasitic control in mammals, the present study aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic and genotoxic potential of different concentrations of IVM and AMX through the detection of epithelial tumor test in Drosophila melanogaster. Third-instar larvae descending from the cross between wts/TM3, Sb1 females and mwh/mwh males were treated with different concentrations of IVM (2.9, 5.8, 11.6 and 23.2 x 10-17 mM) or AMX (1.37, 2.74, 5.48 and 10.9 x 10-16mM). The results revealed that IVM increased the frequency of epithelial tumor in D. melanogaster considering all evaluated concentrations, while AMX showed no carcinogenic effect. Furthermore, the Micronucleus (MN) test in Tradescantia pallida was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of IVM and AMX. T. pallida individuals were exposed for 8 hours at different concentrations of IVM (5.71, 11.42, 22.84 and 45.68 x 10-5mM) or AMX (5.13, 10.26, 20.52 and 41.05 x 10-3mM). Findings showed an increase in the frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida treated with 11.42, 22.84 and 45.68 x 10-5mM of IVM. We conclude that chronic exposure to IVM is directly associated with events resulting from genetic instability (genotoxicity and carcinogenicity). On the other hand, AMX was neither carcinogenic nor genotoxic for D. melanogaster and T. pallida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Aparecida de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, University Center of Cerrado Patrocínio, Avenida Líria Terezinha Lassi Capuano, 466, 38747-792, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cássio Resende de Morais
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Soares Vieira
- Department of Cell Biology, Carmelitana Foundation Mário Palmério, 38500-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Sales Maranho
- Department of Genetics, University Center of Cerrado Patrocínio, Avenida Líria Terezinha Lassi Capuano, 466, 38747-792, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielli Lara Machado
- Department of Genetics, University Center of Cerrado Patrocínio, Avenida Líria Terezinha Lassi Capuano, 466, 38747-792, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samanta Pereira
- Department of Genetics, University Center of Cerrado Patrocínio, Avenida Líria Terezinha Lassi Capuano, 466, 38747-792, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristina Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, University Center of Cerrado Patrocínio, Avenida Líria Terezinha Lassi Capuano, 466, 38747-792, Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto Eustáquio Coelho
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Uberaba, Avenida Nenê Sabino, 1801 - Bairro Universitário, 38055-500, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Campos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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95
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Batiha GE, El-Far AH, El-Mleeh AA, Alsenosy AA, Abdelsamei EK, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Sayed YS, Shaheen HM. In vitro study of ivermectin efficiency against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) annulatus, among cattle herds in El-Beheira, Egypt. Vet World 2019; 12:1319-1326. [PMID: 31641314 PMCID: PMC6755390 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1319-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ivermectin (IVM) has been used in veterinary practice to control different parasitic infestations over the past two decades. This study aimed to re-assess the acaricidal effects of IVM, as well as to evaluate its efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus by determining the mortality rate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level, and oxidative/antioxidative homeostasis (malondialdehyde [MDA] levels and glutathione S-transferase [GST] activities). MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus were picked from cattle farms in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Ticks were equally allocated to seven experimental groups to assess the acaricidal potential of IVM chemotherapeutics in controlling R. (B.) annulatus. IVM was prepared at three concentrations (11.43, 17.14, and 34.28 µM of IVM). RESULTS Mortality rate was calculated among the treated ticks. In addition, GABA, GST, and MDA biomarker levels were monitored. The data revealed a noticeable change in GST activity, a detoxification enzyme found in R. (B.) annulatus, through a critical elevation in mortality percentage. CONCLUSION IVM-induced potent acaricidal effects against R. (B.) annulatus by repressing GST activity for the initial 24 h after treatment. Collectively, this paper reports the efficacy of IVM in a field population of R. (B.) annulatus in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber E. Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Amany A. El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Eman K. Abdelsamei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
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96
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Berton MP, Silva RP, Carvalho FE, Chiaia HLJ, Oliveira PS, Eler JP, Banchero G, Ferraz JBS, Baldi F. Genetic parameter estimates for gastrointestinal nematode parasite resistance and maternal efficiency indicator traits in Santa Inês breed. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 136:495-504. [PMID: 31364226 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Haemonchus contortus is the most economically important gastrointestinal nematode parasitosis and the most important cause of mortality in sheep production. The aim of this study was to estimate variance components of gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits, maternal efficiency (ME) and ewe adult weight (AW) in Santa Inês breed in tropical conditions. The phenotypic records were collected from 700 animals, belonging to four flocks located south-east and north-east in Brazil. The evaluated traits were as follows: degree of anaemia assessed using the FAMACHA chart (FMC), haematocrit (HCT), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT), faecal egg count (EPGlog ), ME, metabolic maternal efficiency (MME), AW and metabolic ewe adult weight (MAW). From the 700 animals, 576 (82% of the evaluated population) were genotyped with the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip (Illumina, Inc.). Markers with unknown genomic position, located on sex chromosomes, monomorphic, with minor allele frequency <0.05, call rate <90% and with excess heterozygosity were excluded. The variance components were estimated using a single-trait animal model with ssGBLUP procedure. The correlation between the parasite's resistance indicators and the ME suggested that selecting animals with both higher adult weight and ME will also favour the selection of animals with better resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes parasites, specially H. contortus. Therefore, since there are few or no studies with Santa Inês breed in this area, it is important to study those traits to better manage selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiane P Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe E Carvalho
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila S Oliveira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanir P Eler
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuária (INIA), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - José B S Ferraz
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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97
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Prichard RK, Geary TG. Perspectives on the utility of moxidectin for the control of parasitic nematodes in the face of developing anthelmintic resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2019; 10:69-83. [PMID: 31229910 PMCID: PMC6593148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics are the most important class of anthelmintics because of our high dependence on them for the control of nematode parasites and some ectoparasites in livestock, companion animals and in humans. However, resistance to MLs is of increasing concern. Resistance is commonplace throughout the world in nematode parasites of small ruminants and is of increasing concern in horses, cattle, dogs and other animals. It is suspected in Onchocerca volvulus in humans. In most animals, resistance first arose to the avermectins, such as ivermectin (IVM), and subsequently to moxidectin (MOX). Usually when parasite populations are ML-resistant, MOX is more effective than avermectins. MOX may have higher intrinsic potency against some parasites, especially filarial nematodes, than the avermectins. However, it clearly has a significantly different pharmacokinetic profile. It is highly distributed to lipid tissues, less likely to be removed by ABC efflux transporters, is poorly metabolized and has a long half-life. This results in effective concentrations persisting for longer in target hosts. It also has a high safety index. Limited data suggest that anthelmintic resistance may be overcome, at least temporarily, if a high concentration can be maintained at the site of the parasites for a prolonged period of time. Because of the properties of MOX, there are reasonable prospects that strains of parasites that are resistant to avermectins at currently recommended doses will be controlled by MOX if it can be administered at sufficiently high doses and in formulations that enhance its persistence in the host. This review examines the properties of MOX that support this contention and compares them with the properties of other MLs. The case for using MOX to better control ML-resistant parasites is summarised and some outstanding research questions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger K Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X3V9.
| | - Timothy G Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X3V9.
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98
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Newitt JT, Prudence SMM, Hutchings MI, Worsley SF. Biocontrol of Cereal Crop Diseases Using Streptomycetes. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020078. [PMID: 31200493 PMCID: PMC6630304 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing world population and an increasing demand for greater food production requires that crop losses caused by pests and diseases are dramatically reduced. Concurrently, sustainability targets mean that alternatives to chemical pesticides are becoming increasingly desirable. Bacteria in the plant root microbiome can protect their plant host against pests and pathogenic infection. In particular, Streptomyces species are well-known to produce a range of secondary metabolites that can inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. Streptomyces are abundant in soils and are also enriched in the root microbiomes of many different plant species, including those grown as economically and nutritionally valuable cereal crops. In this review we discuss the potential of Streptomyces to protect against some of the most damaging cereal crop diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens. We also explore factors that may improve the efficacy of these strains as biocontrol agents in situ, as well as the possibility of exploiting plant mechanisms, such as root exudation, that enable the recruitment of microbial species from the soil to the root microbiome. We argue that a greater understanding of these mechanisms may enable the development of protective plant root microbiomes with a greater abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Streptomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T Newitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Samuel M M Prudence
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Matthew I Hutchings
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Sarah F Worsley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
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99
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Mendonça TP, Davi de Aquino J, Junio da Silva W, Mendes DR, Campos CF, Vieira JS, Barbosa NP, Carvalho Naves MP, Olegário de Campos Júnior E, Alves de Rezende AA, Spanó MA, Bonetti AM, Vieira Santos VS, Pereira BB, Resende de Morais C. Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of spinosad using bioassays with Tradescantia pallida and Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:503-510. [PMID: 30721808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinosad (SPN) is a naturally-occurring insecticide obtained from the fermentation process of the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Owing to the larvicidal action, the compound has been used in the control of Aedes aegypti. As a new insecticide commercially available in the market, few data are reported on genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect of SPN through the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN) and using the mutation and somatic recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster (SMART). At the Trad-MCN, after acclimatization (24 h), T. pallida stems were submitted to chronic treatment with SPN at concentrations of 0.156; 0.312; 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5 g/L solution for 24 h, followed by a recovery period. In SMART, considering the third stage larvae, offspring resulting from the ST and HB crossing were placed on chronic treatment (48 h) with 0.039; 0.078 and 0.156 μg/mL of SPN solution. No mutagenic effect was observed at any of the evaluated concentrations in SMART. Additionally, SPN is more toxic after metabolism via CYP6A2 (cytochrome P450) in D. melanogaster. However, SPN at the concentrations of 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5 g/L was able to induce high frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida. Under the experimental conditions of T. pallida in the present study, SPN caused genotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcísio Paiva Mendonça
- Department of Cell Biology, Fundação Carmelitana Mário Palmério, 38500-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Davi de Aquino
- Department of Cell Biology, Fundação Carmelitana Mário Palmério, 38500-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Weverson Junio da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Fundação Carmelitana Mário Palmério, 38500-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ruela Mendes
- Department of Cell Biology, Fundação Carmelitana Mário Palmério, 38500-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Campos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Soares Vieira
- Department of Cell Biology, Fundação Carmelitana Mário Palmério, 38500-000, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalya Pereira Barbosa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Carvalho Naves
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Geography, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Santa Mônica, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cássio Resende de Morais
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38900-402, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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100
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Shchetinina MA, Chernoburova EI, Kolotyrkina NG, Dzhafarov MK, Vasilevich FI, Zavarzin IV. Synthesis of succinic monoamide avermectin esters. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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