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Mei B, Li H, Zhu J, Yang J, Yang Z, Wen Z, Li X, Shen H, Shen M, Chen G. Neuroprotection of Botch in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95346-95360. [PMID: 29221132 PMCID: PMC5707026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1 maturation participates in apoptosis and inflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been reported that Botch bound to and blocked Notch1 maturation. Here we estimated the role of Botch in ICH-induced secondary brain injury and underlying mechanisms. Experimental ICH model was induced by autologous arterial blood injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, and cultured primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxyhemoglobin to mimic ICH in vitro. Specific small interfering RNAs and expression plasmids encoding wild type Botch and Botch with Glu115Ala mutation were exploited. The protein levels of Botch and Notch1 transmembrane intracellular domain (Notch1-TMIC) were increased within brain tissue around hematoma. Botch overexpression led to an increase in unprocessed Notch1 full-length form accompanied by a significant decrease in Notch1-TMIC, while Botch knockdown resulted in an approximately 1.5-fold increase in Notch1-TMIC. There were increased cell apoptosis, necrosis and neurobehavioral deficits after ICH, which was inhibited by Botch overexpression and enhanced by Botch knockdown. Double immunofluorescence showed a colocalization of Botch and Notch1 in the trans-Golgi. Overexpression of wild type Botch, but not Botch E115A mutant, led to an increase in the interaction between Botch and Notch1, reduced the formation and the nuclear localization of Notch1 intracellular domain, and attenuated cell apoptosis and inflammation. In conclusion, Botch exerts neuroprotection against neuronal damage via antagonizing the maturation of Notch1 in Glu115-denpendent manner. However, neuroprotection mediated by endogenous Botch is not enough to reverse ICH-induced secondary brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juehua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zunjia Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meifen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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102
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Community-Based Rehabilitation to Improve Stroke Survivors' Rehabilitation Participation and Functional Recovery. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2017. [PMID: 28628535 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based rehabilitation appropriate technique (CRAT) intervention program in increasing rehabilitation participation and improving functional recovery of stroke survivors. DESIGN This study followed a quasi-experimental design. In each of 5 centers servicing approximately 50,000 individuals, 2 communities were designated as either the intervention or control community. A CRAT intervention program, including 2-year rehabilitation education and 3-month CRAT treatment, was regularly implemented in the intervention communities, whereas there was no special intervention in the control community. Two sampling surveys, at baseline and after intervention, were administered to evaluate the rehabilitation activity undertaken. In intervention communities, stroke survivor's motor function, daily activity, and social activity were evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment, using the Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment, Barthel index, and Social Functional Activities Questionnaire. RESULTS The proportion of individuals participating in rehabilitation-related activity was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in intervention communities, as compared with control communities. In intervention communities, the patients' Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment, Barthel index, and Social Functional Activities Questionnaire scores were significantly improved after rehabilitation (P < 0.05) across all ages and disease courses, except for the FAQ scores in patients younger than 50 years (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Community-based rehabilitation appropriate technique increases rehabilitation participation rates and enhances motor function, daily activity, and social activity of stroke survivors.
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103
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Wei X, Walley JD, Zhang Z, Zou G, Gong W, Deng S, Harries AD, Hicks JP, Chong MKC, Newell JN, Zhong J, Yu M. Implementation of a comprehensive intervention for patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease in rural China: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183169. [PMID: 28813512 PMCID: PMC5559073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess whether a standard intervention package of cardiovascular disease (CVD) care was being delivered effectively, and if it was associated with improved lifestyle and biomedical indicators. METHODS In rural China, we implemented a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial for 12 months, randomized at the township hospital level, and compared with usual care. Intervention case management guideline, training and performance monitoring meeting and patient support activities were designed to fit within the job description of family doctors in the township hospitals and comprised: 1) prescription of a standardised package of medicines targeted at those with hypertension or diabetes; 2) advice about specific lifestyle interventions; and 3) advice about medication adherence. Participants were 50-74 years old, had hypertension and CVD risk scores >20% or diabetes, but were excluded if a history of severe CVD events. We also randomly selected 100 participants from six selected clusters per arm as a panel to collect intermediate biomedical indicators over time. RESULTS A total of 28,130 participants, in 33 intervention and 34 control township hospitals, were recruited. Compared with the control arm, participants in the intervention arm had substantially improved prescribing rates of anti-hypertensives, statins and aspirin (P<0.001), and had higher medication taking rates of aspirin and statins (P<0.001). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were similar across both arms (0.15 mmHg, P = 0.79, and 0.52 mmHg, P = 0.05, respectively). In the panel, (950) rates of smoking (OR = 0.23, P = 0.02) and salt intake (OR = 2.85, P = 0.03) were significantly reduced in the intervention versus control arms, but there were no statistically significant improvement over the 12 month follow-up period in biomedical indicators (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Implementation of the package by family doctors was feasible and improved prescribing and some lifestyle changes. Additional measures such as reducing medication costs and patient education are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN58988083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wei
- Division of Clinical Public Health and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John D. Walley
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zhitong Zhang
- China Global Health Research and Development, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanyang Zou
- China Global Health Research and Development, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Zhejiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simin Deng
- China Global Health Research and Development, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P. Hicks
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc K. C. Chong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James N. Newell
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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104
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Abstract
The incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (SICH) is even now high worldwide, especially higher in Japan than in Western countries, despite the development of advances in blood pressure (BP) management and food/alcohol intake education. Although mortality and morbidity for SICH are high, some controversies remain regarding the appropriate acute phase of treatment. Recent studies have revealed that BP lowering treatment than 140 mmHg resulted in better outcomes. However the efficacy of surgical treatment for SICH has not been well established, with the exception of that for cerebellar SICH over 3 cm in diameter and life-saving procedures, although many randomized control studies and systematic reviews focused on surgical treatment have been reported. In this review, we summarize some issues and discuss strategies in development for the treatment of SICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine
| | - Kimihiko Orito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine
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105
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Xue Y, Zhang L, Fan Y, Li Q, Jiang Y, Shen C. C-Reactive Protein Gene Contributes to the Genetic Susceptibility of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Men: a Case-Control Study in Chinese Han Population. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:395-401. [PMID: 28721654 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is an inflammatory marker for the prediction and prognosis of ischemic stroke but there is an absence of evidence for cerebral hemorrhagic events. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of elevated plasma hsCRP and CRP genetic variants on hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Two hundred thirty-six inpatients with HS and 993 age-matched controls from a community-based population were included in a case-control study and four tagging single nucleotide polymorphsims (tagSNPs) at CRP were genotyped. The association of hsCRP elevation and CRP variants with HS was evaluated by multiple logistic regression. HS cases had a higher median (interquartile) of hsCRP with 5.40 (1.30-10.7) mg/L and a proportion of hsCRP elevation (≥3 mg/L, 63.4%) than controls [1.20 (0.80-2.20) mg/L, 16.6%], respectively (P < 0.05 for all). No significant difference of genotype or allele frequency of the four SNPs was observed between HS patients and controls (P > 0.05). Further stratified analysis by gender showed that the variants of rs3093059 (T/C) and rs3091244 (C/T/A) were significantly associated with the decreased risk of HS in men and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for additive models were 0.515 (0.294-0.903) and 0.578 (0.349-0.96), respectively, after adjusting for covariates. In HS patients, rs3091244 was positively associated with the hsCRP elevation and rs2794521 was negatively associated with hsCRP elevation (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that hsCRP elevation is associated with the risk of HS and CRP contributes genetic susceptibility to HS in men as well as hsCRP elevation in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xue
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Third Hospital, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yao Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Qianhui Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an First Hospital, People's Hospital of Huai'an, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yuzhang Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an First Hospital, People's Hospital of Huai'an, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China.
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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106
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Jiang B, Sun H, Ru X, Sun D, Chen Z, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Wang L, Wu S, Wang W. Prevalence, Incidence, Prognosis, Early Stroke Risk, and Stroke-Related Prognostic Factors of Definite or Probable Transient Ischemic Attacks in China, 2013. Front Neurol 2017; 8:309. [PMID: 28713329 PMCID: PMC5491639 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological characteristics of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in China are unclear. In 2013, we conducted a nationally representative, door-to-door epidemiological survey on TIA in China using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design. Results showed that the weighted prevalence of TIA in China was 103.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 83.9–127.2] per 100,000 in the population, 92.4 (75.0–113.8) per 100,000 among men, and 114.7 (87.2–151.0) per 100,000 among women. The weighted incidence of TIA was 23.9 (17.8–32.0) per 100,000 in the population, 21.3 (14.3–31.5) per 100,000 among men, and 26.6 (17.0–41.7) per 100,000 among women. No difference in average prognosis was found between TIA and stroke in the population. Weighted risk of stroke among TIA patients was 9.7% (6.5–14.3%), 11.1% (7.5–16.1%), and 12.3% (8.4–17.7%) at 2, 30, and 90 days, respectively. The risk of stroke was higher among male patients with a history of TIA than among female patients with a history of TIA (OR: 2.469; 95% CI: 1.172–5.201; P = 0.018), and higher among TIA patients with hypertension than among TIA patients without hypertension (OR: 2.671; 1.547–4.613; P < 0.001). It can be concluded that there are an estimated 1.35 million TIA patients nationwide, with 0.31 million new cases of TIA annually in China. TIA patients were not better managed prior to a stroke event. Early risk of stroke among TIA patients is high. Sex and hypertension may be stroke-associated prognostic factors among TIA patients. TIA clinics and surveillance should be integrated into the national health-care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Sun
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ru
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Sun
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,National Office for Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) Prevention and Control in China, Beijing, China
| | - Yichong Li
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shengping Wu
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,National Office for Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) Prevention and Control in China, Beijing, China
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107
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Wang YS, Liu B, Jiang Y, Liu ZH, Yao H. Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members in Urumqi, China. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:129-134. [PMID: 29063066 PMCID: PMC5627688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability, and is closely related to a lack of exercise. Currently, most Chinese medical staff members lack exercise and may be at risk for stroke. We sought to determine the risk factors for stroke and study the significance of health-related physical fitness testing in stroke prevention among Chinese medical staff members. Methods A total of 627 subjects from Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, were included in the study and a survey was conducted from 1st January 2016 to 1st February 2016. Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing were completed according to the standard protocol, and the related data were analyzed. Results Based on the screening, 27.6% (n = 173) of the subjects were at high risk for stroke. The top risk factors for stroke in these subjects were dyslipidemia, lack of exercise or mild physical activity, being overweight or obese, and high blood pressure. Body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral fat area, body fat percentage, and basal metabolic rate were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Lung capacity, step index, grip test, vertical jump, and sit-up/push-up index were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Conclusions A large proportion of China's on-the-job medical personnel is at high risk for stroke. This may be related to the nature of the profession and warrants more attention from the society. The health-related physical fitness measurement parameters in subjects at high risk for stroke were significantly different from those in subjects who were not at high risk. Screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members may contribute to stroke prevention. More rigorous controlled clinical trials will be needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Wang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
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108
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Wang W, Wang D, Liu H, Sun H, Jiang B, Ru X, Sun D, Chen Z, Wang Y. Trend of declining stroke mortality in China: reasons and analysis. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2017; 2:132-139. [PMID: 28989803 PMCID: PMC5628381 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2017-000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a downward trend of stroke-related mortality in the USA. By reviewing all published articles on stroke mortality in China, we analysed its trend and possible factors that have influenced the trend. Methods Both English and Chinese literatures were searched on the mortality of stroke or cerebrovascular diseases in China. Potential papers related to this topic were identified from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, SINOMED and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Results Comparing the results from the most recent population-based epidemiological survey and databank from the national Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the age-adjusted stroke mortality rate has shown a downward trend among both urban and rural population in the past 30 years in China. Comparing with 30 years ago, the rate of stroke mortality has decreased by more than 31% in urban/suburban population and 11% in rural population. In men, the age-adjusted stroke mortality rate decreased by 18.9% and in women by 24.9% between 1994 and 2013. Factors that may have contributed to the trend of decreased stroke mortality rate include (1) improved healthcare coverage and healthcare environment; (2) improved treatment options and medical technology; (3) support by government to educate the public on stroke and stroke prevention; and (4) improved public knowledge on stroke. Conclusions The age-adjusted stroke mortality rate in China has shown a downward trend among both urban and rural population in the past 30 years. The major influencing factors that helped in reducing stroke mortality in China included improved healthcare coverage, healthcare environment, the updated treatment options and modern medical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - David Wang
- Department of Neurology, OSF/INI Comprehensive Stroke Center at SFMC, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Sun
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ru
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Sun
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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109
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Jiun-Yi L, Ting-Chen C, Nen-Chung C, Jayakumar T, Chao-Chien C. Anti-embolic effect of Taorenchengqi Tang in rats with embolic stroke induced by occluding middle cerebral artery. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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110
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Guan T, Ma J, Li M, Xue T, Lan Z, Guo J, Shen Y, Chao B, Tian G, Zhang Q, Wang L, Liu Y. Rapid transitions in the epidemiology of stroke and its risk factors in China from 2002 to 2013. Neurology 2017; 89:53-61. [PMID: 28566547 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the current prevalence, temporal incidence trends, and contribution of risk factors for stroke in China. METHODS The China National Stroke Screening Survey (CNSSS) is an ongoing nationwide population-based program. A representative sample of 1,292,010 adults over 40 years old with 31,188 identified stroke cases from the 2013 and 2014 CNSSS database was analyzed to provide descriptive statistics of the prevalence and risk factors for stroke in 2014. In addition, a retrospective evaluation of 12,526 first-ever stroke cases in 2002-2013 and stroke mortality data from the 2002-2013 China Public Health Statistical Yearbook was conducted to estimate the incidence rates. RESULTS In 2014, the adjusted stroke prevalence was 2.06% in adults aged 40 years and older. After full adjustments, all risk factors assessed showed significant associations with stroke (p < 0.01); the largest contributor was hypertension (population-attributable risk 53.2%), followed by family history, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, physical inactivity, smoking, and overweight/obesity. The incidence of first-ever stroke in adults aged 40-74 years increased from 189/100,000 individuals in 2002 to 379/100,000 in 2013-an overall annual increase of 8.3%. Stroke-specific mortality in adults aged 40-74 years has remained stable, at approximately 124 deaths/100,000 individuals in both 2002 and 2013. CONCLUSIONS In 2002-2013, the incidence of stroke in China increased rapidly. Combined with a high prevalence, a trend toward a younger age, and stable mortality, this finding suggests that additional clinical and behavioral interventions for metabolic and lifestyle risk factors are necessary to prevent stroke, particularly in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjia Guan
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xue
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Lan
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Chao
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Geyuan Tian
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longde Wang
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- From the School of Public Health (T.G., J.G., G.T., Y.L.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Brigham & Women's Hospital (J.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (M.L., B.C.); Center for Earth System Science (T.X., Q.Z.), Tsinghua University; Development Research Center of the State Council (Z.L.); Xuanwu Hospital (Y.S.), Capital Medical University; and School of Public Health (L.W.), Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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111
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Tsai CF, Jeng JS, Anderson N, Sudlow CLM. Comparisons of Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage versus Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Patients. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 48:72-78. [PMID: 28501873 DOI: 10.1159/000475667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese populations have a higher stroke incidence, a higher proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and a lower proportion of ischemic stroke (IS) as compared with white populations. The reasons are not fully understood. METHODS To evaluate the differences of major risk factors between ICH and IS in Chinese stroke patients, we analysed acute ICH and IS patients consecutively recruited in National Taiwan University Hospital Stroke Registry from 2006 to 2011. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the associations of risk factors with ICH vs. IS. Also, we conducted subgroup analyses when a strongly significant interaction was detected. RESULTS We included a total of 1,373 ICH and 4,953 IS patients. ICH patients were younger than IS patients (mean age 61 vs. 68 years, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in gender (males 62 vs. 59%, p = 0.064). A logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, and other major risk factors showed that both hypertension (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.74-2.87) and alcohol intake (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16-1.77) had significantly stronger associations with ICH than IS, whereas diabetes, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and transient ischemic attack were less associated with ICH than IS. In subgroup analyses, the association of hypertension with ICH vs. IS was more marked in younger patients. CONCLUSION Hypertension and alcohol intake are more strongly associated with ICH than IS in Chinese stroke patients, especially in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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112
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Peng Y, Li Y, Jian M, Liu X, Sun J, Jia B, Dong J, Zeng M, Lin N, Zhang L, Gelb AW, Chan MTV, Han R. Choice of ANesthesia for EndoVAScular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a randomized controlled (CANVAS) trial. Int J Stroke 2017; 12:991-997. [PMID: 28436307 DOI: 10.1177/1747493017706243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Observational studies indicate that the type of anesthesia, local or general, may be associated with the post-procedural neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment. However, these results need further confirmation, and the causal relationship has not yet been established. Methods This is a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Permuted block randomization stratified by culprit vessels will be used. Six hundred and forty patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular recanalization will be randomized one to one to receive either general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin scale at 90 days after endovascular treatment. The secondary endpoints are the peri-procedural mortality and morbidity. Discussion The study aims to determine the effects of anesthetic choice on neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing intra-arterial recanalization. If the results are positive, the study will indicate that the type of anesthesia does not affect neurological outcome after endovascular treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT02677415
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Minyu Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adrian W. Gelb
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew TV Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ruquan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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113
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Lo WLA, Mao YR, Li L, Lin AH, Zhao JL, Chen L, Lin Q, Li H, Huang DF. Prospective clinical study of rehabilitation interventions with multisensory interactive training in patients with cerebral infarction: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:173. [PMID: 28399935 PMCID: PMC5387359 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multisensory interactive training has an increasingly prominent role in stroke rehabilitation. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate its efficacy on gait improvement, upper limb and lower limb functional improvement, global motor function and cognitive improvement. A recent Cochrane review confirmed that published studies on virtual reality (VR) training have the limitations of lack of powered sample size, did not evaluate the benefits over a long-term period and lacked trial quality on cognitive function. Another systematic review also concluded that the evidence for the use of VR in gait and balance improvement is limited. This study investigates the effects of multisensory training on gait pattern, upper and lower limb biomechanics, upper limb gross and fine motor functions, and lower limb functional recovery over a medium- to long-term period. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-four acute stroke patients will be recruited from a single centre over a period of 6 years. Participants will be randomly assigned to either conventional therapy or conventional therapy with VR training. Outcomes will be recorded at baseline, post intervention and at 3, 6 and 12 months post intervention. Primary outcome measure is gait speed. Secondary outcome measures include kinematic data of upper and lower limb motion, muscle tone, Action Research Arm Test and Short Orientation Memory Concentration Test. DISCUSSION The results of this trial will provide in-depth understanding of the effect of early VR interventions on gait, upper and lower limb biomechanics and how it may relate to changes in functional outcomes and muscle tone. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.: ChiCTR-IOC-15006064 ). Registered on 11 May 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yu Rong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ai Hua Lin
- Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiang Li Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dong Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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114
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Song JP, Ni W, Gu YX, Zhu W, Chen L, Xu B, Leng B, Tian YL, Mao Y. Epidemiological Features of Nontraumatic Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in China: A Nationwide Hospital-based Multicenter Study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:776-781. [PMID: 28345540 PMCID: PMC5381310 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.202729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontraumatic spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high mortality. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological features of nontraumatic spontaneous SAH in China. METHODS From January 2006 to December 2008, the clinical data of patients with nontraumatic SAH from 32 major neurosurgical centers of China were evaluated. Emergent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed for the diagnosis of SAH sources in the acute stage of SAH (≤3 days). The results and complications of emergent DSA were analyzed. Repeated DSA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) was suggested 2 weeks later if initial angiographic result was negative. RESULTS A total of 2562 patients were enrolled, including 81.4% of aneurysmal SAH and 18.6% of nonaneurysmal SAH. The total complication rate of emergent DSA was 3.9% without any mortality. Among the patients with aneurysmal SAH, 321 cases (15.4%) had multiple aneurysms, and a total of 2435 aneurysms were detected. The aneurysms mostly originated from the anterior communicating artery (30.1%), posterior communicating artery (28.7%), and middle cerebral artery (15.9%). Among the nonaneurysmal SAH cases, 76.5% (n = 365) had negative initial DSA, including 62 cases with peri-mesencephalic nonaneurysmal SAH (PNSAH). Repeated DSA or CTA was performed in 252 patients with negative initial DSA, including 45 PNSAH cases. Among them, the repeated angiographic results remained negative in 45 PNSAH cases, but 28 (13.5%) intracranial aneurysms were detected in the remaining 207 cases. In addition, brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM, 7.5%), Moyamoya disease (7.3%), stenosis or sclerosis of the cerebral artery (2.7%), and dural arteriovenous fistula or carotid cavernous fistula (2.3%) were the major causes of nonaneurysmal SAH. CONCLUSIONS DSA can be performed safely for pathological diagnosis in the acute stage of SAH. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms, AVM, and Moyamoya disease are the major causes of SAH detected by emergent DSA in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan-Long Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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115
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Increased circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Thromb Res 2017; 154:19-25. [PMID: 28390251 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles act as proinflammatory mediators that reflect vascular inflammation. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the quantity of leukocyte-derived microparticles is increased in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, and investigated utility of various phenotypes of leukocyte-derived microparticles as specific biomarkers of vascular inflammation injury. Additionally we focused on identifying leukocyte-derived microparticles that may be correlated with stroke severity in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS The plasma concentration of leukocyte-derived microparticles obtained by a series of centrifugations of 76 consecutive patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and 70 age-, sex-, and race-matched healthy controls were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Significantly elevated numbers of leukocyte (CD45+), monocyte (CD14+), lymphocyte (CD4+), granulocyte (CD15+) derived microparticles were found in the plasma samples of patients ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, the plasma levels of CD14+ microparticles were significantly correlated with stroke severity (r=0.355, p=0.019), cerebral vascular stenosis severity (r=0.255, p=0.025) and stroke subtype (r=0.242, p=0.036). No association with stroke was observed for other leukocyte-derived phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles amounts are increased in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, compared with healthy controls. As proinflammatory mediators, leukocyte-derived microparticles may contribute to vascular inflammatory and the inflammatory process in acute ischemic stroke. Levels of CD14+ microparticles may be a promising biomarker of ischemic severity and outcome of stroke in the clinic.
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Hu Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Han W, Tang Y, Xue F, Hou L, Liang S, Zhang B, Wang W, Asaiti K, Pang H, Zhang M, Jiang J. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Kazakhs with high Salt Intake in Xinjiang, China: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45547. [PMID: 28358015 PMCID: PMC5371982 DOI: 10.1038/srep45547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide; data on hypertension among ethnic minorities in China are sparse. This study aimed to estimate hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in a Kazakh population, and to assess the association between salt intake and the above measures. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Kazakh adults (≥30 years old) in the town of Hongdun, Altay, Xinjiang. Survey procedures included a questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory tests. Of 1805 eligible individuals, 1668 (92.4%) were included in the analysis. After adjustment for gender, age, and occupation, prevalence of hypertension was 45.5%. The proportions with awareness, treatment, control, or medication-control were 61.0%, 28.8%, 2.9% and 10.1%, respectively. Higher prevalence was seen among nomads and farmers (50.7% and 44.6%, respectively). However, the proportions with treatment or control were lower than seen among urban citizens. Hypertension prevalence was higher in those with higher salt intake (p = 0.0008). In contrast, the proportions with awareness (p = 0.0389), treatment (p = 0.0010), control (p = 0.0503), and medication-control (p = 0.2012) reduced as salt intake increased. In conclusion, hypertension prevalence is high in this population, but the proportions with awareness, treatment, or control are sub-optimal. Public health interventions that improve hypertension prevention and control, particularly among nomads, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoda Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- The People’s Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Liang
- The People’s Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- The People’s Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Haiyu Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- The People’s Hospital of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingmei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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117
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Wu Z, Huang Y, Huang J, Fan L. Impact of CRP gene and additional gene-smoking interaction on ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Neurol Res 2017; 39:442-447. [PMID: 28287042 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1297905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), additional gene-gene, and gene-smoking interaction with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. METHODS Logistic regression is performed to investigate association between SNPs within CRP gene and IS risk. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the gene-gene and gene-smoking interaction, cross-validation consistency, the testing balanced accuracy and the sign test were calculated. RESULTS Logistic analysis showed that three SNPs were all associated with decreased IS risk in additive and dominant models. The IS risks were lower in carriers of homozygous mutant of rs2794521 polymorphism and heterozygous of rs3093059 and rs1205 than those with wild-type homozygotes genotype, OR (95%CI) were 0.62 (0.40-0.90), 0.68 (0.50-0.96) and 0.65 (0.46-0.97), respectively. GMDR analysis suggested a significant two-locus model (P = 0.0010) involving rs2794521 and rs3093059. We also found a significant two-locus model (P = 0.0010) involving rs2794521 and smoking. Participants with rs2794521-AG or GG and rs3093059-AG or GG genotype have the lowest IS risk, compared to participants with rs2794521-AA and rs3093059-AA genotype, OR (95%CI) was 0.4 2 (0.233-0.61). In addition, non-smokers with rs2794521-AG or GG genotype have the lowest IS risk, compared to smokers with rs2794521-AA genotype, OR (95%CI) was 0.47 (0.23-0.76). CONCLUSIONS We found that rs2794521, rs3093059, and rs1205 were associated with decreased IS risk; we also found that gene-gene interaction between rs2794521 and rs3093059, and gene-environment interaction between rs2794521 and smoking were associated with decreased IS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Wu
- a Neurology Department , Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital , Taizhou , China
| | - Yujing Huang
- a Neurology Department , Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital , Taizhou , China
| | - Jing Huang
- a Neurology Department , Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital , Taizhou , China
| | - Lin Fan
- a Neurology Department , Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital , Taizhou , China
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118
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Wang T, Li B, Gu H, Lou Y, Ning X, Wang J, An Z. Effect of age on long-term outcomes after stroke with atrial fibrillation: a hospital-based follow-up study in China. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53684-53690. [PMID: 28881842 PMCID: PMC5581141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an established predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. We aimed to assess the effect of age on outcomes at 1 year and 3 years in stroke patients with AF. We recruited acute ischemic stroke patients with AF between January 2006 and September 2014 in Tianjin, China. Clinical features and outcomes at 1 year and 3 years after stroke were compared between younger group and elderly group. Overall, 951 consecutive stroke patients with AF were included in this study. There was a higher mortality and dependency rate in the elderly group than in the young group at both 1 and 3 years after stroke. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in the elderly group than in the young group at 3 years after stroke. The higher risks of mortality and dependency in elderly patients remained unchanged, but disappeared in recurrence rates after adjusting for stroke subtype, severity, risk factors, and lifestyle. These findings suggest that it is crucial to highlight the treatment of elderly stroke patients with AF in order to reduce poor outcomes and to reduce the burden of AF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongfei Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhong Lou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianjia Ning
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongping An
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang W, Jiang B, Sun H, Ru X, Sun D, Wang L, Wang L, Jiang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wu S, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang Y, Feigin VL. Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality of Stroke in China. Circulation 2017; 135:759-771. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1044] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
China bears the biggest stroke burden in the world. However, little is known about the current prevalence, incidence, and mortality of stroke at the national level, and the trend in the past 30 years.
Methods:
In 2013, a nationally representative door-to-door survey was conducted in 155 urban and rural centers in 31 provinces in China, totaling 480 687 adults aged ≥20 years. All stroke survivors were considered as prevalent stroke cases at the prevalent time (August 31, 2013). First-ever strokes that occurred during 1 year preceding the survey point-prevalent time were considered as incident cases. According to computed tomography/MRI/autopsy findings, strokes were categorized into ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke of undetermined type.
Results:
Of 480 687 participants, 7672 were diagnosed with a prevalent stroke (1596.0/100 000 people) and 1643 with incident strokes (345.1/100 000 person-years). The age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates were 1114.8/100 000 people, 246.8 and 114.8/100 000 person-years, respectively. Pathological type of stroke was documented by computed tomography/MRI brain scanning in 90% of prevalent and 83% of incident stroke cases. Among incident and prevalent strokes, ischemic stroke constituted 69.6% and 77.8%, intracerebral hemorrhage 23.8% and 15.8%, subarachnoid hemorrhage 4.4% and 4.4%, and undetermined type 2.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Age-specific stroke prevalence in men aged ≥40 years was significantly greater than the prevalence in women (
P
<0.001). The most prevalent risk factors among stroke survivors were hypertension (88%), smoking (48%), and alcohol use (44%). Stroke prevalence estimates in 2013 were statistically greater than those reported in China 3 decades ago, especially among rural residents (
P
=0.017). The highest annual incidence and mortality of stroke was in Northeast (365 and 159/100 000 person-years), then Central areas (326 and 154/100 000 person-years), and the lowest incidence was in Southwest China (154/100 000 person-years), and the lowest mortality was in South China (65/100 000 person-years) (
P
<0.002).
Conclusions:
Stroke burden in China has increased over the past 30 years, and remains particularly high in rural areas. There is a north-to-south gradient in stroke in China, with the greatest stroke burden observed in the northern and central regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Bin Jiang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Haixin Sun
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Xiaojuan Ru
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Dongling Sun
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Linhong Wang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Limin Wang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Yong Jiang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Yichong Li
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Yilong Wang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Shengping Wu
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - David Wang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Yongjun Wang
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
| | - Valery L. Feigin
- From Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Capital Medical University, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C., S.W., Y.Z.); Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, China (W.W., B.J., H.S., X.R., D.S., Z.C.); Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Y.J., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang); National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease
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Zhong P, Zhou M, He L, Zhu C, Chen N. Intravascular low-level helium-neon laser irradiation on blood for acute ischemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008917.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhong
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Department of Neurology; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Muke Zhou
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Department of Neurology; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Li He
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Department of Neurology; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Cairong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University; Epidemic Disease & Health Statistics Department; Sichuan Chengdu China
| | - Ning Chen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Department of Neurology; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
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Hsu LW, Shiao WC, Chang NC, Yu MC, Yen TL, Thomas PA, Jayakumar T, Sheu JR. The neuroprotective effects of Tao- Ren- Cheng- Qi Tang against embolic stroke in rats. Chin Med 2017; 12:7. [PMID: 28168001 PMCID: PMC5286857 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combinations of the traditional Chinese and Western medicines have been used to treat numerous diseases throughout the world, and there is a growing body of evidence showing that some of the herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine elicit significant pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of Tao-Ren-Cheng-Qi Tang (TRCQT) in combination with aspirin following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)—induced embolic stroke in rats. Methods A blood clot was embolized into the middle cerebral artery of rats to induce focal ischemic brain injury. After 24 h of MCAO occlusion, the rats were arbitrarily separated into five groups and subjected to different oral treatment processes with TRCQT and aspirin for 30 days before being evaluated in terms of their neurological behavior using a four-point system. The rats were sacrificed at 30 days after drug treatment and the infarct volumes were measured using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), activated caspase-3 and Bax were detected by western blot analysis. The apoptotic cells were identified by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. ROS generation was also measured by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Results Rats treated with TRCQT alone or in combination with aspirin showed a significantly reduced infarct volume (P < 0.001) and improved neurological outcome compared with those treated with distilled water. Rats treated with TRCQT alone (P = 0.021) or in combination with aspirin (P = 0.02) also showed significantly reduced MCAO-induced expression levels of TNF-α and pJNK (P < 0.001) in their ischemic regions. Rats treated with TRCQT alone or in combination with aspirin showed decreased apoptosis by a reduction in the number of TUNEL positive cells, which inhibited the expression of activated caspase-3 (P = 0.038) and Bax (P = 0.004; P = 0.003). TRCQT also led to a significant concentration-dependent reduction in the formation of hydroxyl radicals (P < 0.001). Conclusions TRCQT reduced brain infarct volume and improved neurological outcomes by reducing apoptosis, attenuating the expression of TNF-α and p-JNK, and reducing the formation of hydroxyl radicals in MCAO-induced embolic stroke of rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0128-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Shiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip Aloysius Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 001 India
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Variants in COX-2, PTGIS, and TBXAS1 Are Associated with Carotid Artery or Intracranial Arterial Stenosis and Neurologic Deterioration in Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1128-1135. [PMID: 28108096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoids may play a role in ischemic stroke (IS). However, the association of variants in eicosanoid genes with symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis and neurologic deterioration (ND) is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of 11 variants in eicosanoid genes with symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis and ND. METHODS Eleven variants in eicosanoid genes were examined using mass spectrometry method in 297 IS patients. The symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis was assessed by computed tomographic angiography. Platelet aggregation and platelet-leukocyte aggregates were measured. The primary outcome was ND within 10 days of admission. ND was defined as an increase of 2 or more points in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. RESULTS Among 297 IS patients, 182 (61.3%) cases had symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis, and 88 (29.6%) patients experienced ND within 10 days after admission. Symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis was significantly associated with higher ND (P < .001). Rs20417CC, rs41708TT, and rs5629CC were independent risk factors for symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis and ND, and associated with higher platelet aggregation and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis was associated with higher ND. Rs20417CC, rs41708TT, and rs5629CC were not only independent risk factors for symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis, but also independent risk predictors for ND.
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Hu Y, Cao J, Hou X, Liu G. MIS Score: Prediction Model for Minimally Invasive Surgery. World Neurosurg 2017; 99:624-629. [PMID: 28049035 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports suggest that patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can benefit from minimally invasive surgery, but the inclusion criterion for operation is controversial. This article analyzes factors affecting the 30-day prognoses of patients who have received minimally invasive surgery and proposes a simple grading scale that represents clinical operation effectiveness. METHODS The records of 101 patients with spontaneous ICH presenting to Qianfoshan Hospital were reviewed. Factors affecting their 30-day prognosis were identified by logistic regression. A clinical grading scale, the MIS score, was developed by weighting the independent predictors based on these factors. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that the factors that affect 30-day prognosis include Glasgow coma scale score (P < 0.01), age ≥80 years (P < 0.05), blood glucose (P < 0.01), ICH volume (P < 0.01), operation time (P < 0.05), and presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (P < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that the factors that affect 30-day prognosis include Glasgow coma scale score (P < 0.05), age (P < 0.05), ICH volume (P < 0.01), and presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (P < 0.05). The MIS score was developed accordingly; 39 patients with 0-1 MIS scores had favorable prognoses, whereas only 9 patients with 2-5 MIS scores had poor prognoses. CONCLUSIONS The MIS score is a simple grading scale that can be used to select patients who are suited for minimal invasive drainage surgery. When MIS score is 0-1, minimal invasive surgery is strongly recommended for patients with spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. The scale merits further prospective studies to fully determine its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzeng Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Ning X, Sun J, Jiang R, Lu H, Bai L, Shi M, Tu J, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Increased Stroke Burdens Among the Low-Income Young and Middle Aged in Rural China. Stroke 2017; 48:77-83. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Although stroke in the young and middle aged accounts for 31% of all strokes in China, the disease burden is unknown. We aimed to determine the secular trends in stroke incidence and the transition of subtypes in rural China over a 24-year period.
Methods—
In 1992, 14 920 residents were recruited to participate in the Tianjin Brain Study. Stroke events and all deaths were registered annually. We assessed the trends in incidence of first-ever stroke, including intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke, among adults aged 35 to 64 years during 1992 to 1999, 2000 to 2007, and 2008 to 2015. The annual proportion of change in stroke incidence was evaluated from 1992 to 2015.
Results—
The age-standardized incidence of first-ever stroke per 100 000 person-years increased significantly, from 122 in 1992 to 1999, to 215.8 in 2000 to 2007, to 471.8 in 2008 to 2015. The incidence of first-ever stroke increased annually by 11.9% overall (12.4% in men, 9.0% in women, 8.7% for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 10.7% for ischemic stroke;
P
<0.001). The greatest increases were observed in adults aged 55 to 64 years, with an annual increase of 11.6% for ischemic stroke (10.8% in men and 6.9% in women). However, the proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage has not changed over the past 24 years.
Conclusions—
In contrast with that in developed countries, the burden of stroke in China originates primarily from young and middle-aged adults. Thus, control of risk factors in this population is required to reduce the future burden of stroke in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjia Ning
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Jian Sun
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Lingling Bai
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Min Shi
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Jun Tu
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- From the Centre of Clinical Epidemiology (X.N., J.T., J.W., J.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.S., R.J.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China; and Department of Epidemiology (X.N., L.B., M.S., J.T., Y.W., J.W.), Department of Neurotrauma (R.J., J.Z.), and Department of Neurology (H.L., L.B., M.S., Y.W.), Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
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Wang J, Ma JJ, Liu J, Zeng DD, Song C, Cao Z. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Comorbidities among Hypertensive Patients in China. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:201-212. [PMID: 28367080 PMCID: PMC5370282 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a severe threat to human being's health due to its association with many comorbidities. Many research works have explored hypertension's prevalence and treatment. However, few considered impact of patient's socioeconomic status and geographical disparities. We intended to fulfill that research gap by analyzing the association of the prevalence of hypertension and three important comorbidities with various socioeconomic and geographical factors. We also investigated the prevalence of those comorbidities if the patient has been diagnosed with hypertension. We obtained a large collection of medical records from 29 hospitals across China. We utilized Bayes' Theorem, Pearson's chi-squared test, univariate and multivariate regression methods and geographical detector methods to analyze the association between disease prevalence and risk factors. We first attempted to quantified and analyzed the spatial stratified heterogeneity of the prevalence of hypertension comorbidities by q-statistic using geographical detector methods. We found that the demographic and socioeconomic factors, and hospital class and geographical factors would have an enhanced interactive influence on the prevalence of hypertension comorbidities. Our findings can be leveraged by public health policy makers to allocate medical resources more effectively. Healthcare practitioners can also be benefited by our analysis to offer customized disease prevention for populations with different socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian James Ma
- College of Business, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Dajun Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cynthia Song
- Internal Medicine Physician, Abington Hospital - Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Zhidong Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xia ZW, Liu XM, Wang JY, Cao H, Chen FH, Huang J, Li QZ, Fan SS, Jiang B, Chen ZG, Cheng Q. Coiling Is Not Superior to Clipping in Patients with High-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2016; 98:411-420. [PMID: 27867126 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes of coiling embolization versus clipping for patients with high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have not been previously compared. We reviewed current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of clipping versus coiling for high-grade aSAH. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that compared clipping with coiling in patients with high-grade aSAH published from January 1999 to February 2016 in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases based on PRISMA inclusion and exclusion criteria. Binary outcome comparisons between clipping and coiling were described using odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 observational studies were included. There was no statistical difference in good outcome rates between the clipping and coiling groups (OR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-2.13). Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference between the 2 treatments in non-RCTs (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.95-2.36) and RCTs (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.59-2.25). Coiling was associated with higher mortality (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.75). Lower mortality was associated with clipping in non-RCTs (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40-0.74), but there was no difference in the RCTs (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.19-3.39). Coiling was not associated with lower rates of complications including rebleeding (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.30-1.29), ischemic infarct (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.53-1.49), symptomatic vasospasm (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.45-1.29), or shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.52-3.40). CONCLUSION The outcome with coiling is not superior to clipping in patients with high-grade aSAH; moreover, coiling has a greater risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Province Brain Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Hua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Zhuang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang-Shi Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Gui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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127
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Wang HQ, Bao CL, Jiao ZH, Dong GR. Efficacy and safety of penetration acupuncture on head for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: A randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5562. [PMID: 27902622 PMCID: PMC5134766 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture, especially acupuncture treatment on head for acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), has long been disputable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of penetration acupuncture on head in patients with acute ICH. METHODS Eighty-two patients with acute ICH were randomized to receive penetration acupuncture treatment on head combined with conventional treatment (treatment group [TG]) or conventional treatment only (control group [CG]). Acupuncture treatments were given in 24 sessions over 4 weeks, with 3-month follow-up period. Measures included Clinical Neurological Function Deficit Scale (CNFDS), Barthel Index (BI), vital signs (respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation), and hematoma absorption ratio. RESULTS Both groups showed a progressively improvement in CNFDS and BI scores from day 7 to 90. The TG showed a significantly greater improvement in CNFDS than CG over time (P < 0.05). However, BI failed to show significant difference between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The vital signs were stable and no expansion of hematoma occurred over the course of acupuncture treatment. CONCLUSION Penetration acupuncture treatment on head appeared to be safe over the course of treatment on acute ICH and may result in additional functional improvements detected in the CNFDS but not reflected in the BI. A larger-scale clinical trial with longer follow-up assessments is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Chun-Ling Bao
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiao
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Rong Dong
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin VL, Norrving B, Donnan GA, Cadilhac DA. Global stroke statistics. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:13-32. [PMID: 27794138 DOI: 10.1177/1747493016676285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Up to date data on incidence, mortality, and case-fatality for stroke are important for setting the agenda for prevention and healthcare. Aims and/or hypothesis We aim to update the most current incidence and mortality data on stroke available by country, and to expand the scope to case-fatality and explore how registry data might be complementary. Methods Data were compiled using two approaches: (1) an updated literature review building from our previous review and (2) direct acquisition and analysis of stroke events in the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for each country providing these data. To assess new and/or updated data on incidence, we searched multiple databases to identify new original papers and review articles that met ideal criteria for stroke incidence studies and were published between 15 May 2013 and 31 May 2016. For data on case-fatality, we searched between 1980 and 31 May 2016. We further screened reference lists and citation history of papers to identify other studies not obtained from these sources. Mortality codes for ICD-8, ICD-9, and ICD-10 were extracted. Using population denominators provided for each country, we calculated both the crude mortality from stroke and mortality adjusted to the WHO world population. We used only the most recent year reported to the WHO for which both population and mortality data were available. Results Fifty-one countries had data on stroke incidence, some with data over many time periods, and some with data in more than one region. Since our last review, there were new incidence studies from 12 countries, with four meeting pre-determined quality criteria. In these four studies, the incidence of stroke, adjusted to the WHO World standard population, ranged from 76 per 100,000 population per year in Australia (2009-10) up to 119 per 100,000 population per year in New Zealand (2011-12), with the latter being in those aged at least 15 years. Only in Martinique (2011-12) was the incidence of stroke greater in women than men. In countries either lacking or with old data on stroke incidence, eight had national clinical registries of hospital based data. Of the 128 countries reporting mortality data to the WHO, crude mortality was greatest in Kazhakstan (in 2003), Bulgaria, and Greece. Crude mortality and crude incidence of stroke were both positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥ 65 years, but not with time. Data on case-fatality were available in 42 studies in 22 countries, with large variations between regions. Conclusions In this updated review, we describe the current data on stroke incidence, case-fatality and mortality in different countries, and highlight the growing trend for national clinical registries to provide estimates in lieu of community-based incidence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Thrift
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tharshanah Thayabaranathan
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - George Howard
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- 4 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valery L Feigin
- 5 National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo Norrving
- 6 Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- 7 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,8 Neurology Department, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,7 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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Li X, Li J, Masoudi FA, Spertus JA, Lin Z, Krumholz HM, Jiang L. China PEACE risk estimation tool for in-hospital death from acute myocardial infarction: an early risk classification tree for decisions about fibrinolytic therapy. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013355. [PMID: 27798032 PMCID: PMC5093680 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the predominant approach to acute reperfusion for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in many countries, fibrinolytic therapy provides a relative risk reduction for death of ∼16% across the range of baseline risk. For patients with low baseline mortality risk, fibrinolytic therapy may therefore provide little benefit, which may be offset by the risk of major bleeding. We aimed to construct a tool to determine if it is possible to identify a low-risk group among fibrinolytic therapy-eligible patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) study includes a nationally representative retrospective sample of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 162 hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 3741 patients with STEMI who were fibrinolytic-eligible but did not receive reperfusion therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In-hospital mortality, which was defined as a composite of death occurring within hospitalisation or withdrawal from treatment due to a terminal status at discharge. RESULTS In the study cohort, the in-hospital mortality was 14.7%. In the derivation cohort and the validation cohort, the combination of systolic blood pressure (≥100 mm Hg), age (<60 years old) and gender (male) identified one-fifth of the cohort with an average mortality rate of <3.0%. Half of this low risk group-those with non-anterior AMI-had an average in-hospital death risk of 1.5%. CONCLUSIONS Nearly, one in five patients with STEMI who are eligible for fibrinolytic therapy are at a low risk for in-hospital death. Three simple factors available at the time of presentation can identify these individuals and support decision-making about the use of fibrinolytic therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01624883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Frederick A Masoudi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhenqiu Lin
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lixin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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130
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Zhao L, Zhai Z, Hou W. Analysis of Carotid color ultrasonography and high sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:931-4. [PMID: 27648042 PMCID: PMC5017105 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.324.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To detect the correlation between high-sensitivity-CRP, carotid plaque, neurological function and intima–media thickness, and help physicians in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 96 patients with the first onset of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction were included in the study from July 2013 to May 2015. The test of high-sensitivity-CRP, examination of carotid color ultrasonography and neurological function evaluation were carried out for all the participants. Results: Ninety-six patients were divided into carotid plaque group and non-plaque group according to the existence of a carotid plaque after carotid artery ultrasonography. The carotid plaque group was further subdivided into stable plaque and unstable plaque subgroups according to plaque characteristics. The age in two subgroups was significantly higher than the non-plaque group (p<0.05). The unstable plaque subgroup presented with the highest values in intima–media thickness and high-sensitivity-CRP level, followed by stable plaque subgroup and non-plaque group (p<0.05). With the nervous damage scale increase, the level of high-sensitivity-CRP increase significantly (p<0.05). In addition, there was significant correlation between NIHSS score and high-sensitivity-CRP in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (p<0.05). Conclusion: The level of high-sensitivity-CRP and intima–media thickness is closely associated with the development of carotid plaque, and high-sensitivity-CRP can be regarded as a high sensitive index in deciding the risk and prognosis of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Lei Zhao, Ultrasonic Department, Central Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhai
- Zhanyi Zhai, Department of Severe Respiratory Disease, Central Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian City, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Wei Hou, Ultrasonic Department, Central Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian City, Henan Province, China
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131
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Suthar NN, Patel KL, Saparia C, Parikh AP. Study of clinical and radiological profile and outcome in patients of intracranial hemorrhage. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15:69-77. [PMID: 27044730 PMCID: PMC5402816 DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.176259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is twice as high as in Western countries. Prognostic factors for predicting function outcome and mortality play a major role in determining the treatment outcome. METHODS A prospective study of male and female patients ≥12 years with primary nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage were included. Hemorrhage caused by trauma, anticoagulant or thrombolytic drugs, brain tumor, saccular arterial aneurysm or vascular malformation were excluded. Functional outcome of patients was determined by modified Rankin's scale. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and ICH score were calculated for each patient. RESULTS Hypertension was present in 45 out of 49 patients (92%) with ICH of basal ganglia. Hypertension was significantly associated with worst clinical outcome. Mortality was high if the patient was comatose/stuporous compared to drowsy state (P < 0.0001). Mortality was found to be high when the size exceeded 30 cm3. High ICH score, low GCS score at the time of admission, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and midline shift were significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial hemorrhage can be deleterious if present with low GCS score, high ICH score, intraventricular extension, and midline shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay N Suthar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheth V.S. General Hospital and Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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132
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Mao H, Lin P, Mo J, Li Y, Chen X, Rainer TH, Jiang H. Development of a new stroke scale in an emergency setting. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:168. [PMID: 27608839 PMCID: PMC5017125 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of stroke is crucial to maximize early management benefits in emergency departments. This study aimed to develop and validate a new stroke recognition instrument for differentiating acute stroke from stroke mimics in an emergency setting. Methods A prospective observational cohort study among suspected stroke patients presenting to Emergency Department in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University was conducted from May 2012 to March 2013. The symptoms and signs of suspected stroke patients were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with acute stroke. The symptoms and signs closely associated with acute stroke were selected to develop the new stroke scale, Guangzhou Stroke Scale (GZSS). The diagnostic value of GZSS was then compared with ROSIER, FAST and LAPSS. The primary outcome was confirmed stroke by CT within 24 h. Results Four hundred and sixteen suspected stroke patients (247 ischemia, 107 hemorrhage, 4 transient ischemic attack, 58 non-stroke) were assessed. A new stroke scale, GZSS (total score from −1 to 8.5), was developed and consisted of nine parameters: vertigo (−1), GCS ≤ 8 (+2), facial paralysis (+1), asymmetric arm weakness (+1), asymmetric leg weakness (+1), speech disturbance (+0.5), visual field defect (+1), systolic blood pressure ≥145 mmHg (+1) and diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mmHg (+1). Among the four scales, the discriminatory value (C-statistic) of GZSS was the best (AUC: 0.871 (p < 0.001) when compared to ROSIER (0.772), LAPSS (0.722) and FAST (0.699). At an optimal cut-off score of >1.5 on a scale from −1 to 8.5, the sensitivity and specificity of GZSS were 83.2 and 74.1 %, whilst the sensitivities and specificities of ROSIER were 77.7 and 70.7 %, FAST were 76.0 and 63.8 %, LAPSS were 56.4 and 87.9 %. Conclusion GZSS had better sensitivity than existing stroke scales in Chinese patients with suspected stroke. Further studies should be conducted to confirm its effectiveness in the initial differentiation of acute stroke from stroke mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Mao
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyi Lin
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junrong Mo
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunmei Li
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timothy H Rainer
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Welsh Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Huilin Jiang
- Emergency Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu M, Wan Y, Yu L, Yuan J, Ma Y, Hou B, Jiang X, Shang L. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated risk factors among adults in Xi'an, China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4709. [PMID: 27559980 PMCID: PMC5400347 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and the associated risk factors among adults in Xi'an, China.From October to December 2013, participants in Xi'an, China were recruited for the study by using a multiple-stage sampling method. A self-developed questionnaire with an additional health examination was used to collect data on the history of hypertension diagnosis and antihypertensive medication. The status on prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were analyzed and related risk factors were identified by using logistic regression analysis.A total of 8193 participants were included with an overall prevalence of hypertension of 20.4%. Among the hypertensive participants, 63.7% were aware of their conditions, 47.3% took antihypertensive medication, and 17.8% had their blood pressure (BP) controlled within 140/90 mm Hg. More complications and less frequent BP measurements were associated with hypertension. Older participants, non-drinkers, and those with more complications and more frequent BP measurements were more aware of their hypertension. Being older, living in an urban area, and having more frequent BP measurements were all factors for better treatment. Participants who were women, living in an urban area, with a higher educational level and who were not obese were more likely to have their hypertension controlled.The prevalence of hypertension among adults in Xi'an is high with suboptimal low awareness, treatment, and control rates. Further comprehensive integrated strategies based on these risk factors should be taken into account in order to improve the prevention, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
- Department of Health Statistics
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Health Service, School of Public Health
| | - Lifen Yu
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
- Department of Health Statistics
| | | | | | - Bin Hou
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Correspondence: Lei Shang, Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle West Road, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: ); Xun Jiang, Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: )
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics
- Correspondence: Lei Shang, Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle West Road, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: ); Xun Jiang, Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China (e-mail: )
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134
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Jiang B, Ru X, Sun H, Liu H, Sun D, Liu Y, Huang J, He L, Wang W. Pre-hospital delay and its associated factors in first-ever stroke registered in communities from three cities in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29795. [PMID: 27411494 PMCID: PMC4944187 DOI: 10.1038/srep29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore pre-hospital delay and its associated factors in first-ever stroke registered in communities from three cities in China. The rates of delay greater than or equal to 2 hours were calculated and factors associated with delays were determined by non-conditional binary logistic regression, after adjusting for different explanatory factors. Among the 403 cases of stroke with an accurate documented time of prehospital delay, the median time (interquartile range) was 4.00 (1.50–14.00) hours. Among the 544 cases of stroke with an estimated time range of prehospital delay, 24.8% of patients were transferred to the emergency department or hospital within 2 hours, only 16.9% of patients with stroke were aware that the initial symptom represented a stroke, only 18.8% used the emergency medical service and one-third of the stroke cases were not identified by ambulance doctors. In the multivariate analyses, 8 variables or sub-variables were identified. In conclusion, prehospital delay of stroke was common in communities. Thus, intervention measures in communities should focus on education about the early identification of stroke and appropriate emergency medical service (EMS) use, as well as the development of organized stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ru
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Sun
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,National Office for Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) Prevention and Control in China, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Sun
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiuyi Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cerebral Vascular Diseases Prevention and Cure, Shanghai, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,National Office for Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) Prevention and Control in China, Beijing, China
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Pandian JD, Padma V, Vijaya P, Sylaja PN, Murthy JMK. Stroke and Thrombolysis in Developing Countries. Int J Stroke 2016; 2:17-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Over the past few decades, the burden of stroke in developing countries has grown to epidemic proportions. Two-thirds of global stroke occurs in low- and middle-income countries. We have found that little information is obtainable concerning the availability of thrombolysis therapy in developing countries. Summary of review The epidemiology of stroke is well investigated in the developed world; however, in the developing world stroke is less well documented. Most of the available stroke data from these countries are hospital-based. Stroke thrombolysis is currently used in few developing countries like Brazil, Argentina, Senegal, Iran, Pakistan, China, Thailand, and India. The two main barriers for implementation of thrombolysis therapy in developing countries are the high cost of tissue plasminogen activator and lack of proper infrastructure. Most of the centers with the infrastructure to deliver thrombolysis for stroke are predominantly private sector, and only available in urban areas. Conclusion Until a more cost-effective thrombolytic agent and the proper infrastructure for widespread use of thrombolysis therapy are available, developing nations should focus on primary and secondary stroke prevention strategies and the establishment of stroke units wherever possible. Such multi-faceted approaches will be more cost-effective for developing countries than the use of thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasantha Padma
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pamidimukkala Vijaya
- Ankineedu Stroke Unit, Heart and Brain Center, Lalitha Super Specialty Hospital, Kothapet, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P. N. Sylaja
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Cui R, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Saito I, Kokubo Y, Inoue M, Sawada N, Tsugane S. Trends in the proportions of stroke subtypes and coronary heart disease in the Japanese men and women from 1995 to 2009. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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137
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The dynamics of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and associated factors in Chinese adults: results from CHNS 1991-2011. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1688-96. [PMID: 26136071 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the trends in blood pressure (BP), and the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in Chinese adults from 1991 to 2011. METHODS On the basis of the longitudinal data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, 75 526 records of 24 410 adults were selected according to the eligibility criteria. The age-standardized levels of SBP, DBP, prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were calculated by sex and age group within each year. Generalized estimating equation was employed to investigate the associations between demographic factors and status of hypertension, awareness, treatment and control. RESULTS From 1991 to 2011, the BP level elevated (SBP 120.0-124.5 mmHg, DBP 76.7-79.3 mmHg) and the prevalence of hypertension increased from 23.4 to 28.6%. The increasing levels of BP and hypertension prevalence were more apparent among men and older patients. The rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control also increased while kept at low levels. Factors such as age, sex, smoking habit, drinking habit, household income, health insurance, BMI, residential region, marital status, educational level and nationality were significantly associated with the status of hypertension, awareness, treatment and control. CONCLUSION The BP level and hypertension prevalence have increased among Chinese adults in recent years. However, levels of hypertension awareness, treatment and control were quite low. To reduce the disease burden of the hypertension, improvements in health education programs, detection and treatment strategies are warranted.
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Yen YF, Jen I, Chen M, Chuang PH, Liu YL, Sharp GB, Chen YMA. Association of Cytomegalovirus End-Organ Disease with Stroke in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151684. [PMID: 26986005 PMCID: PMC4795595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection might increase the risk of cardiovascular event. However, data on the link between incident stroke and co-infections of CMV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited and inconsistent. This nationwide population-based cohort study analyzed the association of CMV end-organ disease and stroke among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). METHODS From January 1, 1998, this study identified adult HIV individuals with and without CMV end-organ disease in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All patients were observed for incident stroke and were followed until December 31, 2012. Time-dependent analysis was used to evaluate associations of CMV end-organ disease with stroke. RESULTS Of the 22,581 PLWHA identified (439 with CMV end-organ disease and 22,142 without CMV end-organ disease), 228 (1.01%) had all-cause stroke during a mean follow-up period of 4.85 years, including 169 (0.75%) with ischemic stroke and 59 (0.26%) with hemorrhagic stroke. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, opportunistic infections after HIV diagnosis, and antiretroviral treatment, CMV end-organ disease was found to be an independent risk factor for incident all-cause stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70 to 5.55). When stroke type was considered, CMV end-organ disease was significantly positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke (AHR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.49 to 6.62) but not hemorrhagic stroke (AHR, 2.52; 95% CI, 0.64 to 9.91). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that CMV end-organ disease was an independent predictor of ischemic stroke among PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Feng Yen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ian Jen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marcelo Chen
- Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Chuang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for prevention and treatment of occupational injury and diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Liu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gerald B. Sharp
- Epidemiology Branch, Basic Sciences Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Liao D, Yi X, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Lin J. Interaction Between CYP4F2 rs2108622 and CPY4A11 rs9333025 Variants Is Significantly Correlated with Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Level. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:223-8. [PMID: 26959478 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of four variants of two CYP ω-hydroxylase genes and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) levels with ischemic stroke (IS) and whether gene-gene interactions between these genes increase the risk of IS. METHODS Three hundred ninety-six patients with IS and 378 controls were genotyped for rs2269231, rs9333025, rs2108622, and rs3093135. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. The 20-HETE levels was measured in 218 IS patients and 126 controls. RESULTS The frequency of the GG genotype of rs9333025 was significantly higher in IS patients than in controls (p < 0.001). The GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction between rs9333025 and rs2108622 (p = 0.0116). This gene-gene interaction predicted a significantly higher risk of IS in individuals carrying the genotypes of rs9333025 GG and rs2108622 GG (odds ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-4.26, p = 0.007). The plasma levels of 20-HETE were significantly higher in IS patients than in controls, and IS patients carrying the genotype combination of rs9333025 GG and rs2108622 GG had higher 20-HETE levels than IS patients with other combinations of the two variants. CONCLUSION CYP4A1l rs9333025 GG and CYP4F2 rs2108622 GG two-loci interaction significantly increases the risk for IS and an elevated 20-HETE level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanxiu Liao
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- 2 Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- 2 Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, China
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Lv P, Jin H, Liu Y, Cui W, Peng Q, Liu R, Sun W, Fan C, Teng Y, Sun W, Huang Y. Comparison of Risk Factor between Lacunar Stroke and Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149605. [PMID: 26934734 PMCID: PMC4774914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality in China. Although most subtypes of ischemic stroke share similar risk factors, they have different etiologies. Our study aimed to evaluate the different risk factor profiles between the stroke subtypes, lacunar infarcts (LI) and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and clarify the characteristics of current acute ischemic stroke in China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of 1982 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to the neurology department at the Peking University First Hospital between 2007 and 2014. Ischemic stroke was further classified into LAA, LI, cardioembolism (CE) and undetermined causes of infarction (UDI) according to TOAST classification. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, as well as the findings of laboratory and imaging tests of 1773 patients with LAA and LI, were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. Results Of the 1982 ischemic stroke patients included in this study, 1207 were diagnosed with LAA, 566 with LI, 173 with cardioembolism (CE) and 36 with undetermined causes of infarction (UDI). By comparing the risk factors in multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 1.832] and white matter leukoaraiosis (WML) (OR = 1.865) were found to be more strongly correlated with LI than LAA. Low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR = 0.774) were more strongly related to LAA than LI. Conclusions This study found that hypertension and WML were more strongly correlated with LI than LAA. LDL-c was more strongly related to LAA than LI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Lv
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghe Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Teng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control between Bouyei and Han: Results from a Bi-Ethnic Health Survey in Developing Regions from South China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:233. [PMID: 26907309 PMCID: PMC4772253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is highly prevalent in low-income population. This study aims to investigate ethnic disparities in hypertension and identify modifiable factors related to its occurrence and control in developing regions in South China. Blood pressure was measured in the Bouyei and Han populations during a community-based health survey in Guizhou, 2012. A multistage stratified sampling method was adopted to recruit Bouyei and Han aged from 20 to 80 years. Taking mixed effects into consideration, multilevel logistic models with random intercept were used for data analysis. The prevalence rates of hypertension were 35.3% for the Bouyei and 33.7% for the Han. Among the hypertensive participants, 30.1% of the Bouyei and 40.2% of the Han were aware of their hypertensive conditions, 19.7% of the Bouyei and 31.1% of the Han were receiving treatment, and only 3.6% of the Bouyei and 9.9% of the Han had their blood pressure under control. Age-sex standardized rates of awareness, treatment, and control were consistently lower in the Bouyei than the Han. Such ethnic disparities were more evident in the elderly population. Avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption and better education were favorable lifestyle for reduction in risk of hypertension. Moderate physical activity improved control of hypertension in Bouyei patients under treatment. Conclusively, hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were substantially lower in Bouyei than Han, particularly in the elderly population. Such ethnic disparities indicate that elderly Bouyei population should be targeted for tailored interventions in the future.
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Wang J, Bai L, Shi M, Yang L, An Z, Li B, Zhao W, Gu H, Zhan C, Tu J, Ning X. Trends in Age of First-Ever Stroke Following Increased Incidence and Life Expectancy in a Low-Income Chinese Population. Stroke 2016; 47:929-35. [PMID: 26869385 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.012466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated secular trends in the age of stroke onset and stroke incidence in a low-income population in rural China. METHODS The study population was recruited from a population-based stroke surveillance study conducted in a township in Tianjin, China, from 1992 to 2014. The trends in mean age and incidence of first-ever stroke were assessed by sex and stroke subtype. Risk factor surveys were conducted in the same population in both 1991 and 2011. RESULTS A total of 1053 patients experienced first-ever stroke from 1992 to 2014. The mean age of stroke onset in men significantly decreased by 0.28 years annually overall, by 0.56 years for intracerebral hemorrhage, and by 0.22 years for ischemic stroke (P<0.05). However, a similar trend was not observed in women. The age-standardized first-ever stroke incidence in the same population significantly increased across sex and stroke subtypes, increased by 6.3% overall, 5.5% for men, 7.9% for women, 4.6% for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 7.3% for ischemic stroke (P<0.05) during 1992 to 2014. Concurrently, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, current smoking, and alcohol consumption increased significantly in young and middle-aged adults from 1991 to 2011. CONCLUSIONS The age of stroke onset tends to be younger among low-income population in China after the dramatic increased incidence of stroke during the gradual extension of life expectancy of population in China. These findings suggested that stroke burden will continue to increase in the long time, unless the risk factors in low-income populations are effectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Lingling Bai
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Min Shi
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Li Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Zhongping An
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Bin Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Gu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Changqing Zhan
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Jun Tu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.)
| | - Xianjia Ning
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (J.W., L.B., M.S., L.Y., J.T., X.N.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China (Z.A., W.Z.); Department of Neurology, Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (B.L., H.G.); and Department of Neurology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China (C.Z.).
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Pandian JD, Singh G, Kaur P, Bansal R, Paul BS, Singla M, Singh S, Samuel CJ, Verma SJ, Moodbidri P, Mehmi G, Sharma A, Arora OP, Dhanuka AK, Sobti MK, Sehgal H, Kaur M, Grewal SS, Jhawar SS, Shadangi T, Arora T, Saxena A, Sachdeva G, Gill JS, Brar RS, Gill A, Bakshi SS, Pawar SS, Singh G, Sikka P, Litoria PK, Sharma M. Incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients in Ludhiana, India. Neurology 2016; 86:425-33. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rogers KC, Oliphant CS, Finks SW. Clinical efficacy and safety of cilostazol: a critical review of the literature. Drugs 2016; 75:377-95. [PMID: 25758742 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazol is a unique antiplatelet agent that has been commercially available for over two decades. As a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, it reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation yet also possesses vasodilatory and antiproliferative properties. It has been widely studied in a variety of disease states, including peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, and coronary artery disease with percutaneous coronary intervention. Overall, cilostazol appears to be a promising agent in the management of these disease states with a bleeding profile comparable to placebo; even when combined with other antiplatelet agents, cilostazol does not appear to increase the rate of bleeding. Despite the possible benefit of cilostazol, its use is limited by tolerability as some patients often report drug discontinuation due to headache, diarrhea, dizziness, or increased heart rate. To date, it has been predominantly studied in the Asian population, making it difficult to extrapolate these results to a more diverse patient population. This paper discusses the evolving role of cilostazol in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Rogers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave, Rm 457, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,
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145
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Banerjee TK, Das SK. Fifty years of stroke researches in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2016; 19:1-8. [PMID: 27011621 PMCID: PMC4782523 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.168631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the stroke incidence in India is much higher than Western industrialized countries. Large vessel intracranial atherosclerosis is the commonest cause of ischemic stroke in India. The common risk factors, that is, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are quite prevalent and inadequately controlled; mainly because of poor public awareness and inadequate infrastructure. Only a small number of ischemic stroke cases are able to have the benefit of thrombolytic therapy. Benefits from stem cell therapy in established stroke cases are under evaluation. Presently, prevention of stroke is the best option considering the Indian scenario through control and/or avoiding risk factors of stroke. Interventional studies are an important need for this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Banerjee
- Head of Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamal Kumar Das
- Department of Neurology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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146
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Song Z, Qiu L, Hu Z, Liu J, Liu D, Hou D. Evaluation of the Obesity Genes FTO and MC4R for Contribution to the Risk of Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke in a Chinese Population. Obes Facts 2016; 9:353-362. [PMID: 27701175 PMCID: PMC5644882 DOI: 10.1159/000448588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a well-established risk factor for large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke. The aim of the study was to explore whether obesity genes, such as MC4R and FTO, contribute to LAA stroke risk in the Chinese Han population. METHODS 322 LAA stroke patients and 473 controls were recruited. Gene polymorphism of MC4R (rs17782313) and FTO (rs8050136 and rs9939609) were genotyped. RESULTS No differences were observed in genotype frequencies of variants of FTO (rs8050136 and rs9939609) or MC4R (rs17782313) between LAA stroke patients and control subjects. However, rs17782313 of the MC4R gene was associated with LAA stroke susceptibility in smokers (rs17782313: p = 0.020, OR (95% CI) = 1.55 (1.07-2.23)) in the stratified analysis. Furthermore, multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis revealed that the combination of MC4R variant (rs17782313), hypertension and smoking habit was significantly associated with increased risk of LAA stroke (p < 0.0001, OR (95% CI) = 6.57 (4.79-9.01)). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the synergistic effects of MC4R variants, hypertension, and smoking habit contribute significantly to the risk of LAA stroke in the Chinese Han population. The finding revealed that obesity gene MC4R contribute to the risk of LAA stroke via a synergistic mechanism, which will provide new insight into the genetic architecture of LAA stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhongyang Hu
- *Dr. Zhongyang Hu, Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, China,
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147
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Guo L, Yu M, Zhong J, Wu H, Pan J, Gong W, Wang M, Fei F, Hu R. Stroke Risk among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zhejiang: A Population-Based Prospective Study in China. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6380620. [PMID: 27403161 PMCID: PMC4923572 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6380620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to explore the incidence of stroke and stroke subtypes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the long-term surveillance data in Zhejiang, China, during 2007 to 2013. Materials and Methods. During January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013, a total of 327,268 T2DM and 307,984 stroke patients were registered on Diabetes and Stroke Surveillance System, respectively. Stroke subtypes were classified according to standard definitions of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. The incidence of stroke and stroke subtypes was calculated by standardized incidence ratio (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared with general population. Results. The incidence of stroke and stroke subtypes among patients with T2DM was significantly higher than in general population. Stroke risk was found significantly increased with an SIR of 3.87 (95% CI 3.76-3.99) and 3.38 (95% CI 3.27-3.48) in females and males, respectively. The excess risk of stroke was mainly attributable to the significantly higher risk of cerebral infarctions with the risk for T2DM being four times that for general population. Conclusions. The relationship between stroke and T2DM was strong, especially in female. The incidence of stroke and stroke subtypes among patients with T2DM was up to 3-fold higher than in general population in Zhejiang province, especially the subtype of cerebral infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jin Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Fangrong Fei
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- *Ruying Hu:
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148
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Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components, and Diabetes on 5-Year Risk of Recurrent Stroke among Mild-to-Moderate Ischemic Stroke Survivors: A Multiclinic Registry Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 25:626-34. [PMID: 26725129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pieces of evidence regarding whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a better predictor than its individual components, especially diabetes, for recurrent stroke are limited. This study aimed to examine these associations. METHODS A total of 1087 ischemic stroke patients were recruited consecutively from 2003 to 2004. They were followed up until the end of 2008. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics and new stroke event during follow-up were recorded. MetS was defined by the definition issued by the Chinese Medical Association/Chinese Diabetes Society. RESULTS One hundred forty-three new stroke cases were recorded. After adjusting for baseline age, gender, education, marriage status, subtype stroke, length of index stroke to baseline assessment, history of cardiac diseases, smoking status, drinking status, clinics, aspirin treatment, and fibrinogen by Cox regression models, the risk of recurrent stroke was 43% higher in MetS patients than in non-MetS patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.01). The strength of this association is weaker than MetS individual components such as elevated glycemia (adjusted HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.26-2.52), elevated blood pressure (adjusted HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.11-3.30), or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (adjusted HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08-2.51). Compared with the group with neither MetS nor diabetes, the adjusted risk of recurrent stroke was highest in the group with diabetes (HR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.66-4.63), followed by those with both MetS and diabetes (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.25-2.94). The risk of recurrent stroke in patients with MetS in the absence of diabetes was similar to those with neither. CONCLUSION MetS is not superior to its individual components in predicting future recurrent stroke in patients who experience mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke.
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149
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Liu W, Li D, Ni M, Jia W, Wan W, Tang J, Jia G. Neurosurgical publications in China: an analysis of the web of science database. Chin Neurosurg J 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-015-0017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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150
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SLCO1B1 Variants and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (Enalapril)-Induced Cough: a Pharmacogenetic Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17253. [PMID: 26607661 PMCID: PMC4660479 DOI: 10.1038/srep17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest that incidence of cough in Chinese taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is much higher than other racial groups. Cough is the most common adverse reaction of enalapril. We investigate whether SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms, previously reported to be important determinants of inter-individual variability in enalapril pharmacokinetics, are associated with the enalapril-induced cough. A cohort of 450 patients with essential hypertension taking 10 mg enalapril maleate were genotyped for the functional SLCO1B1 variants, 388A > G (Asn130Asp, rs2306283) and 521T > C (Val174Ala, rs4149056). The primary endpoint was cough, which was recorded when participants were bothered by cough and respiratory symptoms during enalapril treatment without an identifiable cause. SLCO1B1 521C allele conferred a 2-fold relative risk of enalapril-induced cough (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34-3.04, P = 6.2 × 10(-4)), and haplotype analysis suggested the relative risk of cough was 6.94-fold (95% CI = 1.30-37.07, P = 0.020) in SLCO1B1*15/*15 carriers. Furthermore, there was strong evidence for a gene-dose effect (percent with cough in those with 0, 1, or 2 copy of the 521C allele: 28.2%, 42.5%, and 71.4%, trend P = 6.6 × 10(-4)). Our study highlights, for the first time, SLCO1B1 variants are strongly associated with an increased risk of enalapril-induced cough. The findings will be useful to provide pharmacogenetic markers for enalapril treatment.
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