101
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Papotto PH, Gonçalves-Sousa N, Schmolka N, Iseppon A, Mensurado S, Stockinger B, Ribot JC, Silva-Santos B. IL-23 drives differentiation of peripheral γδ17 T cells from adult bone marrow-derived precursors. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1957-1967. [PMID: 28855306 PMCID: PMC5666615 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-17-producing γδ (γδ17) T cells are thought to develop exclusively in the thymus during fetal/perinatal life, as adult bone marrow precursors fail to generate γδ17 T cells under homeostatic conditions. Here, we employ a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in which hematopoiesis is reset by bone marrow transplantation and demonstrate unequivocally that Vγ4+ γδ17 T cells can develop de novo in draining lymph nodes in response to innate stimuli. In vitro, γδ T cells from IL-17 fate-mapping reporter mice that had never activated the Il17 locus acquire IL-17 expression upon stimulation with IL-1β and IL-23. Furthermore, IL-23R (but not IL-1R1) deficiency severely compromises the induction of γδ17 T cells in EAE, demonstrating the key role of IL-23 in the process. Finally, we show, in a composite model involving transfers of both adult bone marrow and neonatal thymocytes, that induced γδ17 T cells make up a substantial fraction of the total IL-17-producing Vγ4+ T-cell pool upon inflammation, which attests the relevance of this novel pathway of peripheral γδ17 T-cell differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cell Movement
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hematopoiesis/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology
- Interleukin-23/genetics
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukin-23/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Papotto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natacha Gonçalves-Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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102
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Nakamizo S, Honda T, Adachi A, Nagatake T, Kunisawa J, Kitoh A, Otsuka A, Dainichi T, Nomura T, Ginhoux F, Ikuta K, Egawa G, Kabashima K. High fat diet exacerbates murine psoriatic dermatitis by increasing the number of IL-17-producing γδ T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14076. [PMID: 29074858 PMCID: PMC5658347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia via the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Various studies have indicated the association between obesity and psoriasis, however, the underlying mechanisms remains unclarified. To this end, we focused on high-fat diet (HFD) in this study, because HFD is suggested as a contributor to obesity, and HFD-fed mice exhibit exacerbated psoriatic dermatitis. Using murine imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis and HFD-induced obesity models, we have revealed a novel mechanism of HFD-induced exacerbation of psoriatic dermatitis. HFD-fed mice exhibited aggravated psoriatic dermatitis, which was accompanied with increased accumulation of IL-17A-producing Vγ4+ γδ T cells in the skin. HFD also induced the increase of Vγ4+ γδ T cells in other organs such as skin draining lymph nodes, which preceded the increase of them in the skin. In addition, HFD-fed mice displayed increased expression of several γδ T cell-recruiting chemokines in the skin. On the other hand, ob/ob mice, another model of murine obesity on normal diet, did not exhibit aggravated psoriatic dermatitis nor accumulation of γδ T cells in the dermis. These results indicate that HFD is a key element in exacerbation of IMQ-induced psoriatic dermatitis, and further raise the possibility of HFD as a factor that links obesity and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building, Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Akimasa Adachi
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building, Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building, Biopolis, 138648, Singapore. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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103
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Muschaweckh A, Petermann F, Korn T. IL-1β and IL-23 Promote Extrathymic Commitment of CD27 +CD122 - γδ T Cells to γδT17 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2668-2679. [PMID: 28855314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
γδT17 cells are a subset of γδ T cells committed to IL-17 production and are characterized by the expression of IL-23R and CCR6 and lack of CD27 expression. γδT17 cells are believed to arise within a narrow time window during prenatal thymic development. In agreement with this concept, we show in this study that adult Rag1-/- recipient mice of Il23rgfp/+ (IL-23R reporter) bone marrow selectively lack IL-23R+ γδT17 cells. Despite their absence in secondary lymphoid tissues during homeostasis, γδT17 cells emerge in bone marrow chimeric mice upon induction of skin inflammation by topical treatment with imiquimod cream (Aldara). We demonstrate that IL-1β and IL-23 together are able to promote the development of bona fide γδT17 cells from peripheral CD122-IL-23R- γδ T cells, whereas CD122+ γδ T cells fail to convert into γδT17 cells and remain stable IFN-γ producers (γδT1 cells). IL-23 is instrumental in expanding extrathymically generated γδT17 cells. In particular, TCR-Vγ4+ chain-expressing CD122-IL-23R- γδ T cells are induced to express IL-23R and IL-17 outside the thymus during skin inflammation. In contrast, TCR-Vγ1+ γδ T cells largely resist this process because prior TCR engagement in the thymus has initiated their commitment to the γδT1 lineage. In summary, our data reveal that the peripheral pool of γδ T cells retains a considerable degree of plasticity because it harbors "naive" precursors, which can be induced to produce IL-17 and replenish peripheral niches that are usually occupied by thymus-derived γδT17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Muschaweckh
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Neurologische Klinik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Neurologische Klinik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Neurologische Klinik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; and .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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104
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Cheng M, Hu S. Lung-resident γδ T cells and their roles in lung diseases. Immunology 2017; 151:375-384. [PMID: 28555812 PMCID: PMC5506441 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are greatly enriched in mucosal and epithelial sites, such as the skin, respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts, and they are defined as tissue-resident immune cells. In these tissues, the characteristics and biological roles of γδ T cells are distinguished from each other. The lungs represent the most challenging immunological dilemma for the host, and they have their own effective immune system. The abundance of γδ T cells, an estimated 8-20% of resident pulmonary lymphocytes in the lung, maintains lung tissue homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress regarding lung-resident γδ T cells, including their development, residency and immune characteristics, and discuss the involvement of γδ T cells in infectious diseases of the lung, including bacterial, viral and fungal infections; lung allergic disease; lung inflammation and fibrosis; and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheng
- Gerontology Institute of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Province HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunotherapy and Nutrition TherapyHefeiChina
| | - Shilian Hu
- Gerontology Institute of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Province HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunotherapy and Nutrition TherapyHefeiChina
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105
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Hosomi S, Grootjans J, Tschurtschenthaler M, Krupka N, Matute JD, Flak MB, Martinez-Naves E, Gomez Del Moral M, Glickman JN, Ohira M, Lanier LL, Kaser A, Blumberg R. Intestinal epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes MULT1 up-regulation and NKG2D-mediated inflammation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2985-2997. [PMID: 28747426 PMCID: PMC5626394 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hosomi et al. show that intestinal epithelial cell–specific deletion of X-box–binding protein 1, an unfolded protein response–related transcription factor, results in CHOP-dependent increased expression of specific natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands. This activates NKG2D-expressing intraepithelial group 1 ILCs and promotes small intestinal inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is commonly observed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and can, if excessive, cause spontaneous intestinal inflammation as shown by mice with IEC-specific deletion of X-box–binding protein 1 (Xbp1), an unfolded protein response–related transcription factor. In this study, Xbp1 deletion in the epithelium (Xbp1ΔIEC) is shown to cause increased expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligand (NKG2DL) mouse UL16-binding protein (ULBP)–like transcript 1 and its human orthologue cytomegalovirus ULBP via ER stress–related transcription factor C/EBP homology protein. Increased NKG2DL expression on mouse IECs is associated with increased numbers of intraepithelial NKG2D-expressing group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; NK cells or ILC1). Blockade of NKG2D suppresses cytolysis against ER-stressed epithelial cells in vitro and spontaneous enteritis in vivo. Pharmacological depletion of NK1.1+ cells also significantly improved enteritis, whereas enteritis was not ameliorated in Recombinase activating gene 1−/−;Xbp1ΔIEC mice. These experiments reveal innate immune sensing of ER stress in IECs as an important mechanism of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Juan D Matute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Magdalena B Flak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Naves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gomez Del Moral
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mizuki Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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106
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Zhao Z, Liang Y, Liu Y, Xu P, Flamme-Wiese MJ, Sun D, Sun J, Mullins RF, Chen Y, Cai J. Choroidal γδ T cells in protection against retinal pigment epithelium and retinal injury. FASEB J 2017; 31:4903-4916. [PMID: 28729290 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700533r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells located near the epithelial barrier are integral components of local inflammatory and innate immune responses. We have previously reported the presence of choroidal γδ T cells in a model of chronic degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The goals of the current study were to further define the functions of choroidal γδ T cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms of their action. Our data demonstrate that choroidal γδ T cells are activated by RPE injury in response to NaIO3 treatment, and that they express genes that encode immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. γδ-T-cell-deficient mice developed profound RPE and retinal damage at doses that caused minimal effects in wild-type mice, and adoptive transfer of γδ T cells prevented sensitization. Intravitreal injection of IL-4 and IL-10 ameliorated RPE toxicity that was induced by NaIO3Ex vivo coculture of γδ T cells with RPE explants activated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines via an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent mechanism. AhR deficiency abolished the protective effects of γδ T cells after adoptive transfer. Collectively, these findings define important roles for choroid γδ T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the outer retina.-Zhao, Z., Liang, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, P., Flamme-Wiese, M. J., Sun, D., Sun, J., Mullins, R. F., Chen, Y., Cai, J. Choroidal γδ T cells in protection against retinal pigment epithelium and retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Miles J Flamme-Wiese
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA;
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107
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Recruitment of Neutrophils Mediated by Vγ2 γδ T Cells Deteriorates Liver Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma japonicum Infection in C57BL/6 Mice. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01020-16. [PMID: 28507072 PMCID: PMC5520426 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01020-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional adaptive T cell responses contribute to the pathogenesis of Schistosoma japonicum infection, leading to liver fibrosis. However, the role of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in this disease is less clear. γδ T cells are known to secrete interleukin-17 (IL-17) in response to infection, exerting either protective or pathogenic functions. In the present study, mice infected with S. japonicum are used to characterize the role of γδ T cells. Combined with the infection of S. japonicum, an extremely significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the CD45+ cells was detected (from approximately 2.45% to 46.10% in blood and from 0.18% to 7.34% in spleen). Further analysis identified two different γδ T cell subsets that have different functions in the formation of granulomas in S. japonicum-infected mice. The Vγ1 T cells secrete gamma interferon (IFN-γ) only, while the Vγ2 T cells secrete both IL-17A and IFN-γ. Both subtypes lose the ability to secrete cytokine during the late stage of infection (12 weeks postinfection). When we depleted the Vγ2 T cells in infected mice, the percentage of neutrophils in blood and spleen decreased significantly, the liver fibrosis in the granulomas was reduced, and the level of IL-17A in the serum decreased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that during S. japonicum infection, Vγ2 T cells can recruit neutrophils and aggravate liver fibrosis by secreting IL-17A. This is the first report that a subset of γδ T cells plays a partial role in the pathological process of schistosome infection.
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108
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Arunachalam P, Ludewig P, Melich P, Arumugam TV, Gerloff C, Prinz I, Magnus T, Gelderblom M. CCR6 (CC Chemokine Receptor 6) Is Essential for the Migration of Detrimental Natural Interleukin-17-Producing γδ T Cells in Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:1957-1965. [PMID: 28611085 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.016753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immune-mediated tissue damage after stroke evolves within the first days, and lymphocytes contribute to the secondary injury. Our goal was to identify T-cell subpopulations, which trigger the immune response. METHODS In a model of experimental stroke, we analyzed the immune phenotype of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing γδ T cells and explored the therapeutic potential of neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibodies in combination with mild therapeutic hypothermia. RESULTS We show that brain-infiltrating IL-17-positive γδ T cells expressed the Vγ6 segment of the γδ T cells receptor and were largely positive for the chemokine receptor CCR6 (CC chemokine receptor 6), which is a characteristic for natural IL-17-producing γδ T cells. These innate lymphocytes are established as major initial IL-17 producers in acute infections. Genetic deficiency in Ccr6 was associated with diminished infiltration of natural IL-17-producing γδ T cells and a significantly improved neurological outcome. In the ischemic brain, IL-17 together with tumor necrosis factor-α triggered the expression of CXC chemokines and neutrophil infiltration. Therapeutic targeting of synergistic IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α pathways by IL-17 neutralization and therapeutic hypothermia resulted in additional protective effects in comparison to an anti-IL-17 antibody treatment or therapeutic hypothermia alone. CONCLUSIONS Brain-infiltrating IL-17-producing γδ T cells belong to the subset of natural IL-17-producing γδ T cells. In stroke, these previously unrecognized innate lymphocytes trigger a highly conserved immune reaction, which is known from host responses toward pathogens. We demonstrate that therapeutic approaches targeting synergistic IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α pathways in parallel offer additional neuroprotection in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Peter Ludewig
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Patrick Melich
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Thiruma Valavan Arumugam
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Immo Prinz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.).
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109
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IL-17-producing γδ T cells switch migratory patterns between resting and activated states. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15632. [PMID: 28580944 PMCID: PMC5465362 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17-producing γδ T (γδT17) cells have unconventional trafficking characteristics, residing in mucocutaneous tissues but also homing into inflamed tissues via circulation. Despite being fundamental to γδT17-driven early protective immunity and exacerbation of autoimmunity and cancer, migratory cues controlling γδT17 cell positioning in barrier tissues and recruitment to inflammatory sites are still unclear. Here we show that γδT17 cells constitutively express chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR2. While CCR6 recruits resting γδT17 cells to the dermis, CCR2 drives rapid γδT17 cell recruitment to inflamed tissues during autoimmunity, cancer and infection. Downregulation of CCR6 by IRF4 and BATF upon γδT17 activation is required for optimal recruitment of γδT17 cells to inflamed tissue by preventing their sequestration into uninflamed dermis. These findings establish a lymphocyte trafficking model whereby a hierarchy of homing signals is prioritized by dynamic receptor expression to drive both tissue surveillance and rapid recruitment of γδT17 cells to inflammatory lesions. IL-17-producing γδ T (γδT17) cells position in barrier tissues but also home to inflammatory sites. How this trafficking is regulated is unclear. Here the authors show that the dynamic expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR6 differentiates γδT17 cell trafficking patterns at homeostasis and in inflammatory scenarios.
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110
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Papotto PH, Ribot JC, Silva-Santos B. IL-17+ γδ T cells as kick-starters of inflammation. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:604-611. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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111
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In vivo photolabeling of tumor-infiltrating cells reveals highly regulated egress of T-cell subsets from tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5677-5682. [PMID: 28507145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618446114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune therapy is rapidly gaining prominence in the clinic as a major weapon against cancer. Whereas much attention has been focused on the infiltration of tumors by immune cells, the subsequent fate of these infiltrates remains largely unexplored. We therefore established a photoconversion-based model that allowed us to label tumor-infiltrating immune cells and follow their migration. Using this system, we identified a population of tumor-experienced cells that emigrate from primary tumors to draining lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels. Although the majority of tumor-infiltrating cells were myeloid, T cells made up the largest population of tumor-egressing leukocytes. Strikingly, the subset composition of tumor-egressing T cells was greatly skewed compared with those that had infiltrated the tumor and those resident in the draining lymph node. Some T-cell subsets such as CD8+ T cells emigrated more readily; others including CD4-CD8- T cells were preferentially retained, suggesting that specific mechanisms guide immune cell egress from tumors. Furthermore, tumor-egressing T cells were more activated and displayed enhanced effector function in comparison with their lymph node counterparts. Finally, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating T cells migrate to distant secondary tumors and draining lymph nodes, highlighting a mechanism whereby tumor-experienced effector T cells may mediate antitumor immunity at metastatic sites. Thus, our results provide insights into migration and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the role of these cells in tumor immunity outside of primary tumor deposits.
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112
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Lino CNR, Barros-Martins J, Oberdörfer L, Walzer T, Prinz I. Eomes expression reports the progressive differentiation of IFN-γ-producing Th1-like γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:970-981. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro N. R. Lino
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília Brazil
| | | | - Linda Oberdörfer
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; Ecole Normale Supérieure; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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113
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Fleming C, Cai Y, Sun X, Jala VR, Xue F, Morrissey S, Wei YL, Chien YH, Zhang HG, Haribabu B, Huang J, Yan J. Microbiota-activated CD103 + DCs stemming from microbiota adaptation specifically drive γδT17 proliferation and activation. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:46. [PMID: 28438184 PMCID: PMC5404689 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17-producing γδT cells (γδT17) promote autoinflammatory diseases and cancers. Yet, γδT17 peripheral regulation has not been thoroughly explored especially in the context of microbiota-host interaction. The potent antigen-presenting CD103+ dendritic cell (DC) is a key immune player in close contact with both γδT17 cells and microbiota. This study presents a novel cellular network among microbiota, CD103+ DCs, and γδT17 cells. METHODS Immunophenotyping of IL-17r-/- mice and IL-17r-/- IRF8-/- mice were performed by ex vivo immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis. We observed striking microbiome differences in the oral cavity and gut of IL-17r-/- mice by sequencing 16S rRNA gene (v1-v3 region) and analyzed using QIIME 1.9.0 software platform. Principal coordinate analysis of unweighted UniFrac distance matrix showed differential clustering for WT and IL-17r-/- mice. RESULTS We found drastic homeostatic expansion of γδT17 in all major tissues, most prominently in cervical lymph nodes (cLNs) with monoclonal expansion of Vγ6 γδT17 in IL-17r-/- mice. Ki-67 staining and in vitro CFSE assays showed cellular proliferation due to cell-to-cell contact stimulation with microbiota-activated CD103+ DCs. A newly developed double knockout mice model for IL-17r and CD103+ DCs (IL-17r-/-IRF8-/-) showed a specific reduction in Vγ6 γδT17. Vγ6 γδT17 expansion is inhibited in germ-free mice and antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Microbiota transfer using cohousing of IL-17r-/- mice with wildtype mice induces γδT17 expansion in the wildtype mice with increased activated CD103+ DCs in cLNs. However, microbiota transfer using fecal transplant through oral gavage to bypass the oral cavity showed no difference in colon or systemic γδT17 expansion. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal for the first time that γδT17 cells are regulated by microbiota dysbiosis through cell-to-cell contact with activated CD103+ DCs leading to drastic systemic, monoclonal expansion. Microbiota dysbiosis, as indicated by drastic bacterial population changes at the phylum and genus levels especially in the oral cavity, was discovered in mice lacking IL-17r. This network could be very important in regulating both microbiota and immune players. This critical regulatory pathway for γδT17 could play a major role in IL-17-driven inflammatory diseases and needs further investigation to determine specific targets for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fleming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yihua Cai
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Samantha Morrissey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yu-Ling Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang University the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Tumor Immunobiology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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114
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Muñoz-Ruiz M, Sumaria N, Pennington DJ, Silva-Santos B. Thymic Determinants of γδ T Cell Differentiation. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:336-344. [PMID: 28285814 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
γd T cells have emerged as major sources of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in multiple models of infection, cancer and autoimmune disease. However, unlike their αβ T cell counterparts that require peripheral activation for effector cell differentiation, γδ T cells instead can be 'developmentally programmed' in the thymus to generate discrete γδ T cell effector subsets with distinctive molecular signatures. Nonetheless, recent studies have presented conflicting viewpoints on the signals involved in thymic γδ T cell development and differentiation, namely on the role of both T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent and TCR-independent factors. Here we review the current data and the ongoing controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nital Sumaria
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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115
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Khairallah C, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. γδ T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28232834 PMCID: PMC5298998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes are unconventional immune cells, which have both innate- and adaptive-like features allowing them to respond to a wide spectrum of pathogens. For many years, we and others have reported on the role of these cells in the immune response to human cytomegalovirus in transplant patients, pregnant women, neonates, immunodeficient children, and healthy people. Indeed, and as described for CD8+ T cells, CMV infection leaves a specific imprint on the γδ T cell compartment: (i) driving a long-lasting expansion of oligoclonal γδ T cells in the blood of seropositive individuals, (ii) inducing their differentiation into effector/memory cells expressing a TEMRA phenotype, and (iii) enhancing their antiviral effector functions (i.e., cytotoxicity and IFNγ production). Recently, two studies using murine CMV (MCMV) have corroborated and extended these observations. In particular, they have illustrated the ability of adoptively transferred MCMV-induced γδ T cells to protect immune-deficient mice against virus-induced death. In vivo, expansion of γδ T cells is associated with the clearance of CMV infection as well as with reduced cancer occurrence or leukemia relapse risk in kidney transplant patients and allogeneic stem cell recipients, respectively. Taken together, all these studies show that γδ T cells are important immune effectors against CMV and cancer, which are life-threatening diseases affecting transplant recipients. The ability of CMV-induced γδ T cells to act independently of other immune cells opens the door to the development of novel cellular immunotherapies that could be particularly beneficial for immunocompromised transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myriam Capone
- Immunoconcept, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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116
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Do JS, Kim S, Keslar K, Jang E, Huang E, Fairchild RL, Pizarro TT, Min B. γδ T Cells Coexpressing Gut Homing α4β7 and αE Integrins Define a Novel Subset Promoting Intestinal Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:908-915. [PMID: 27927968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes, dominant T cell subsets in the intestine, mediate both regulatory and pathogenic roles, yet the mechanisms underlying such opposing effects remain unclear. In this study, we identified a unique γδ T cell subset that coexpresses high levels of gut-homing integrins, CD103 and α4β7. They were exclusively found in the mesenteric lymph node after T cell-mediated colitis induction, and their appearance preceded the inflammation. Adoptive transfer of the CD103+α4β7high subsets enhanced Th1/Th17 T cell generation and accumulation in the intestine, and the disease severity. The level of generation correlated with the disease severity. Moreover, these cells were also found to be elevated in a spontaneous mouse model of ileitis. Based on the procolitogenic function, we referred to this subset as "inflammatory" γδ T cells. Targeting inflammatory γδ T cells may open a novel strategy to treat inflammatory diseases where γδ T cells play a pathogenic role including inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Do
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Karen Keslar
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Eunjung Jang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44116
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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117
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Heterogeneous yet stable Vδ2(+) T-cell profiles define distinct cytotoxic effector potentials in healthy human individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14378-14383. [PMID: 27911793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611098113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells display potent responses to pathogens and malignancies. Of particular interest are those expressing a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) incorporating TCRδ-chain variable-region-2 [Vδ2(+)], which are activated by pathogen-derived phosphoantigens (pAgs), or host-derived pAgs that accumulate in transformed cells or in cells exposed to aminobisphosphonates. Once activated, Vδ2(+) T cells exhibit multiple effector functions that have made them attractive candidates for immunotherapy. Despite this, clinical trials have reported mixed patient responses, highlighting a need for better understanding of Vδ2(+) T-cell biology. Here, we reveal previously unappreciated functional heterogeneity between the Vδ2(+) T-cell compartments of 63 healthy individuals. In this cohort, we identify distinct "Vδ2 profiles" that are stable over time; that do not correlate with age, gender, or history of phosphoantigen activation; and that develop after leaving the thymus. Multiple analyses suggest these Vδ2 profiles consist of variable proportions of two dominant but contrasting Vδ2(+) T-cell subsets that have divergent transcriptional programs and that display mechanistically distinct cytotoxic potentials. Importantly, an individual's Vδ2 profile predicts defined effector capacities, demonstrated by contrasting mechanisms and efficiencies of killing of a range of tumor cell lines. In short, these data support patient stratification to identify individuals with Vδ2 profiles that have effector mechanisms compatible with tumor killing and suggest that tailored Vδ2-profile-specific activation protocols may maximize the chances of future treatment success.
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118
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Misiak A, Wilk MM, Raverdeau M, Mills KHG. IL-17-Producing Innate and Pathogen-Specific Tissue Resident Memory γδ T Cells Expand in the Lungs of Bordetella pertussis-Infected Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:363-374. [PMID: 27864475 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells play a role in protective immunity to infection at mucosal surface, but also mediate pathology in certain autoimmune diseases through innate IL-17 production. Recent reports have suggested that γδ T cells can have memory analogous to conventional αβ T cells. In this study we have examined the role of γδ T cells in immunity to the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis γδ T cells, predominantly Vγ4-γ1- cells, produced IL-17 in the lungs as early as 2 h after infection. The bacterial burden during primary infection was significantly enhanced and the induction of antimicrobial peptides was reduced in the absence of early IL-17. A second peak of γδ T cells is detected in the lungs 7-14 d after challenge and these γδ T cells were pathogen specific. γδ T cells, exclusively Vγ4, from the lungs of infected but not naive mice produced IL-17 in response to heat-killed B. pertussis in the presence of APC. Furthermore, γδ T cells from the lungs of mice reinfected with B. pertussis produced significantly more IL-17 than γδ T cells from infected unprimed mice. γδ T cells with a tissue resident memory T cell phenotype (CD69+CD103+) were expanded in the lungs during infection with B. pertussis and proliferated rapidly after rechallenge of convalescent mice. Our findings demonstrate that lung γδ T cells provide an early source of innate IL-17, which promotes antimicrobial peptide production, whereas pathogen-specific Vγ4 cells function in adaptive immunological memory against B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Misiak
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mieszko M Wilk
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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119
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Cascabulho CM, Beghini DG, Meuser-Batista M, Penido C, Henriques-Pons A. Chemotaxis and Immunoregulatory Function of Cardiac γδ T Cells in Dystrophin-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3531-3544. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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120
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Reinhardt A, Yevsa T, Worbs T, Lienenklaus S, Sandrock I, Oberdörfer L, Korn T, Weiss S, Förster R, Prinz I. Interleukin-23-Dependent γ/δ T Cells Produce Interleukin-17 and Accumulate in the Enthesis, Aortic Valve, and Ciliary Body in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2476-86. [PMID: 27111864 DOI: 10.1002/art.39732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a group of rheumatic diseases characterized by ossification and inflammation of entheseal tissue, the region where tendon attaches to bone. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is involved in the pathogenesis of SpA by acting on IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) expressed on enthesis-resident lymphocytes. Upon IL-23 binding, CD3+CD4-CD8- tissue-resident lymphocytes secrete IL-17A and IL-22, leading to inflammation, bone loss, and ossification. Knowledge about enthesis-resident lymphocytes remains fragmentary, and the contribution of entheseal γ/δ T cells in particular is not clear. This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of γ/δ T cells in the enthesis. METHODS We used 2-photon microscopy and flow cytometry to analyze entheseal lymphocytes from C57BL/6, Tcrd-H2BeGFP, Rorc-GFP, and IL-23R-eGFP mice. To analyze entheseal γ/δ T cells in IL-23-induced inflammation, Tcrd-H2BeGFP mice were crossed with mice of the susceptible B10.RIII background. Hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 minicircle DNA was performed for overexpression of IL-23 and induction of inflammation. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize arthritic inflammation. RESULTS Activated Vγ6+CD27- γ/δ T cells were abundant in uninflamed entheseal tissue and constituted the large majority of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt)+IL-23R+ enthesis-resident lymphocytes. Fetal thymus-dependent γ/δ T cells were the main source of IL-17A at the enthesis. Under inflammatory conditions, γ/δ T cells increased in number at the Achilles tendon enthesis, aortic root, and adjacent to the ciliary body. CONCLUSION Entheseal γ/δ T cells are derived from fetal thymus and are maintained as self-renewing tissue-resident cells. As main IL-17A producers within tissues exposed to mechanical stress including enthesis, γ/δ T cells are key players in the pathogenesis of IL-23-induced local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim Worbs
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Immo Prinz
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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121
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Gupta PK, Wagner SR, Wu Q, Shilling RA. Th17 cells are not required for maintenance of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in vivo. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:280-286. [PMID: 27649780 PMCID: PMC5360492 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells producing IL-17A (γδT17) are thought to develop spontaneously in the thymus and to be maintained in the periphery. Previous studies suggested a role for Th17 cells in the maintenance of γδT17 via the expression of TGFβ1. However, we have previously found that Th17 cells were not required for expansion of γδT17 cells after lung transplant in a mouse model. Using mice deficient in STAT3 in CD4+ T cells, which are unable to develop Th17 cells, we investigated the requirement for Th17 cells and TGFβ1 to maintain γδT17 cells in the lung and lymphoid tissues. At steady state, we found no defect in γδT17 cells in the thymus or periphery of these mice. Further, STAT3-deficient CD4+ T cells produced significantly higher levels of TGFβ1 than wild-type CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions in vitro. To determine whether STAT3-deficient CD4+ T cells could expand γδT17 cells in vivo, we used TCRβ−/− mice, which are known to have a defect in γδT17 cells that can be rescued by Th17 cells. However, adoptive transfer of wild-type Th17 cells or bulk CD4+ T cells did not expand γδT17 cells in TCRβ−/− mice. In contrast, IFN-γ+ γδ T cells preferentially expanded, particularly in the lungs. Interestingly, we found in vivo and in vitro that TGFβ1 may negatively regulate the pool of γδT17 cells. Our data suggest that Th17 cells and TGFβ1 are not required for the maintenance of γδT17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah R Wagner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca A Shilling
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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122
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Kimura Y, Nagai N, Tsunekawa N, Sato-Matsushita M, Yoshimoto T, Cua DJ, Iwakura Y, Yagita H, Okada F, Tahara H, Saiki I, Irimura T, Hayakawa Y. IL-17A-producing CD30(+) Vδ1 T cells drive inflammation-induced cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1206-14. [PMID: 27384869 PMCID: PMC5021032 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been suspected that inflammation is associated with increased tumor metastasis, the exact type of immune response required to initiate cancer progression and metastasis remains unknown. In this study, by using an in vivo tumor progression model in which low tumorigenic cancer cells acquire malignant metastatic phenotype after exposure to inflammation, we found that IL‐17A is a critical cue for escalating cancer cell malignancy. We further demonstrated that the length of exposure to an inflammatory microenvironment could be associated with acquiring greater tumorigenicity and that IL‐17A was critical for amplifying such local inflammation, as observed in the production of IL‐1β and neutrophil infiltration following the cross‐talk between cancer and host stromal cells. We further determined that γδT cells expressing Vδ1 semi‐invariant TCR initiate cancer‐promoting inflammation by producing IL‐17A in an MyD88/IL‐23‐dependent manner. Finally, we identified CD30 as a key molecule in the inflammatory function of Vδ1T cells and the blockade of this pathway targeted this cancer immune‐escalation process. Collectively, these results reveal the importance of IL‐17A‐producing CD30+ Vδ1T cells in triggering inflammation and orchestrating a microenvironment leading to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Nagai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsunekawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marimo Sato-Matsushita
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel J Cua
- Pathway Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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123
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Buus TB, Geisler C, Lauritsen JPH. The major diversification of Vγ1.1 + and Vγ2 + thymocytes in mice occurs after commitment to the γδ T-cell lineage. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2363-2375. [PMID: 27418188 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a heterogeneous cell population with different subsets playing specialized and often opposing roles during immune responses. A key question is whether γδ thymocytes are determined for their effector function already at an early stage, before their commitment to the γδ T-cell lineage, or are instructed during their later development. Here, we show that the adult Vγ1.1+ and Vγ2+ γδ T-cell subsets both go through a CD73+ CD24+ development stage, and that the gene regulation involved in lineage commitment is shared by both subsets. We demonstrate that the major subset diversification first occurs after the cells have committed to the γδ T-cell lineage, strongly supporting an instructive model for functional programming of γδ T cells. In conclusion, we show that the two major adult γδ T-cell subsets in mice develop through a shared pathway utilizing similar cellular machinery and that they diverge after the CD24+ CD73+ maturity stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terkild B Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter H Lauritsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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124
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Zhang Y, Roth TL, Gray EE, Chen H, Rodda LB, Liang Y, Ventura P, Villeda S, Crocker PR, Cyster JG. Migratory and adhesive cues controlling innate-like lymphocyte surveillance of the pathogen-exposed surface of the lymph node. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27487469 PMCID: PMC5017864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) contain innate-like lymphocytes that survey the subcapsular sinus (SCS) and associated macrophages for pathogen entry. The factors promoting this surveillance behavior have not been defined. Here, we report that IL7RhiCcr6+ lymphocytes in mouse LNs rapidly produce IL17 upon bacterial and fungal challenge. We show that these innate-like lymphocytes are mostly LN resident. Ccr6 is required for their accumulation near the SCS and for efficient IL17 induction. Migration into the SCS intrinsically requires S1pr1, whereas movement from the sinus into the parenchyma involves the integrin LFA1 and its ligand ICAM1. CD169, a sialic acid-binding lectin, helps retain the cells within the sinus, preventing their loss in lymph flow. These findings establish a role for Ccr6 in augmenting innate-like lymphocyte responses to lymph-borne pathogens, and they define requirements for cell movement between parenchyma and SCS in what we speculate is a program of immune surveillance that helps achieve LN barrier immunity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18156.001 The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and a vital part of our immune system. Amongst other things, the lymphatic system carries microbes that have entered the body – for example via to a cut or mosquito bite – to small, oval-shaped organs called lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are packed with immune cells that can be activated to help fight off infections, however certain microbes actually replicate inside the lymph nodes themselves. Lymph nodes protect themselves from these infections by having some pre-armed immune cells that are ready to respond rapidly as soon as an invading microbe is detected. These cells, referred to as innate-like lymphocytes, position themselves at the exposed surfaces of the lymph node – the locations where microbes are most likely to enter the organ. However, it was not known which cues caused these immune cells to assemble and remain at these locations. Zhang et al. now reveal that a signaling molecule called CCL20 attracts the innate-like lymphocytes to the lymph node’s exposed surfaces, while a protein known as CD169 helps to securely attach the innate-like lymphocytes in place. Further experiments then confirmed that positioning the innate-like lymphocytes at this location made mice more able to fight off the disease-causing bacterium Staphyloccus aureus. Unexpectedly, Zhang et al. also found that innate-like lymphocytes can move from the surfaces of lymph node through to the underlying tissue. This unusual migratory behavior might allow the lymphocytes to search a larger area for the infectious microbes, though further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Future studies are also likely to focus on elucidating how the innate-like lymphocytes recognize different types of invaders, and how their activity keeps the lymph nodes healthy. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18156.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hsin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lauren B Rodda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Patrick Ventura
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Saul Villeda
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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125
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Segawa S, Goto D, Iizuka A, Kaneko S, Yokosawa M, Kondo Y, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. The regulatory role of interferon-γ producing gamma delta T cells via the suppression of T helper 17 cell activity in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:348-60. [PMID: 27083148 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. However, the pathogenesis of IP remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of pulmonary γδT cells in IP. In wild-type (WT) mice exposed to bleomycin, pulmonary γδT cells were expanded and produced large amounts of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A. Histological and biochemical analyses showed that bleomycin-induced IP was more severe in T cell receptor (TCR-δ-deficient (TCRδ(-/-) ) mice than WT mice. In TCRδ(-/-) mice, pulmonary IL-17A(+) CD4(+) Τ cells expanded at days 7 and 14 after bleomycin exposure. In TCRδ(-/-) mice infused with γδT cells from WT mice, the number of pulmonary IL-17A(+) CD4(+) T cells was lower than in TCRδ(-/-) mice. The examination of IL-17A(-/-) TCRδ(-/-) mice indicated that γδT cells suppressed pulmonary fibrosis through the suppression of IL-17A(+) CD4(+) T cells. The differentiation of T helper (Th)17 cells was determined in vitro, and CD4(+) cells isolated from TCRδ(-/-) mice showed normal differentiation of Th17 cells compared with WT mice. Th17 cell differentiation was suppressed in the presence of IFN-γ producing γδT cells in vitro. Pulmonary fibrosis was attenuated by IFN-γ-producing γδT cells through the suppression of pulmonary IL-17A(+) CD4(+) T cells. These results suggested that pulmonary γδT cells seem to play a regulatory role in the development of bleomycin-induced IP mouse model via the suppression of IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Segawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - D Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - A Iizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Yokosawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - I Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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126
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Barros-Martins J, Schmolka N, Fontinha D, Pires de Miranda M, Simas JP, Brok I, Ferreira C, Veldhoen M, Silva-Santos B, Serre K. Effector γδ T Cell Differentiation Relies on Master but Not Auxiliary Th Cell Transcription Factors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:3642-52. [PMID: 26994218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes are programmed into distinct IFN-γ-producing CD27(+) (γδ27(+)) and IL-17-producing CD27(-) (γδ27(-)) subsets that play key roles in protective or pathogenic immune responses. Although the signature cytokines are shared with their αβ Th1 (for γδ27(+)) and Th17 (for γδ27(-)) cell counterparts, we dissect in this study similarities and differences in the transcriptional requirements of murine effector γδ27(+), γδ27(-)CCR6(-), and γδ27(-)CCR6(+) γδ T cell subsets and αβ T cells. We found they share dependence on the master transcription factors T-bet and RORγt for IFN-γ and IL-17 production, respectively. However, Eomes is fully dispensable for IFN-γ production by γδ T cells. Furthermore, the Th17 cell auxiliary transcription factors RORα and BATF are not required for IL-17 production by γδ27(-) cell subsets. We also show that γδ27(-) (but not γδ27(+)) cells become polyfunctional upon IL-1β plus IL-23 stimulation, cosecreting IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data firmly establish the molecular segregation between γδ27(+) and γδ27(-) T cell subsets and provide novel insight on the nonoverlapping transcriptional networks that control the differentiation of effector γδ versus αβ T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barros-Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pires de Miranda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Pedro Simas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Brok
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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127
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Expression of CD11c Is Associated with Unconventional Activated T Cell Subsets with High Migratory Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154253. [PMID: 27119555 PMCID: PMC4847787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c is an α integrin classically employed to define myeloid dendritic cells. Although there is little information about CD11c expression on human T cells, mouse models have shown an association of CD11c expression with functionally relevant T cell subsets. In the context of genital tract infection, we have previously observed increased expression of CD11c in circulating T cells from mice and women. Microarray analyses of activated effector T cells expressing CD11c derived from naïve mice demonstrated enrichment for natural killer (NK) associated genes. Here we find that murine CD11c+ T cells analyzed by flow cytometry display markers associated with non-conventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. However, in women, only γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched within the CD11c fraction of blood and cervical tissue. These CD11c+ cells were highly activated and had greater interferon (IFN)-γ secretory capacity than CD11c- T cells. Furthermore, circulating CD11c+ T cells were associated with the expression of multiple adhesion molecules in women, suggesting that these cells have high tissue homing potential. These data suggest that CD11c expression distinguishes a population of circulating T cells during bacterial infection with innate capacity and mucosal homing potential.
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128
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TCR signal strength controls thymic differentiation of discrete proinflammatory γδ T cell subsets. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:721-727. [PMID: 27043412 PMCID: PMC4875770 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The murine thymus produces discrete γδ T cell subsets making either interferon-γ (IFN--γ) or interleukin 17 (IL-17), but the role of the TCR in this developmental process remains controversial. Here we show that mice haploinsufficient for both Cd3g and Cd3d (CD3DH, for CD3 double haploinsufficient) have reduced TCR expression and signaling strength selectively on γδ T cells. CD3DH mice had normal numbers and phenotype of αβ thymocyte subsets but impaired differentiation of fetal Vγ6+ (but not Vγ4+) IL-17-producing γδ T cells and a marked depletion of IFN-γ-producing CD122+ NK1.1+ γδ T cells throughout ontogeny. Adult CD3DH mice showed reduced peripheral IFN-γ+ γδ T cells and were resistant to experimental cerebral malaria. Thus, TCR signal strength within specific thymic developmental windows is a major determinant of the generation of proinflammatory γδ T cell subsets and their impact on pathophysiology.
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129
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Regulation of Interleukin-17 Production. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:139-166. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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130
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Affò S, Rodrigo-Torres D, Blaya D, Morales-Ibanez O, Coll M, Millán C, Altamirano J, Arroyo V, Caballería J, Bataller R, Ginès P, Sancho-Bru P. Chemokine Receptor Ccr6 Deficiency Alters Hepatic Inflammatory Cell Recruitment and Promotes Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145147. [PMID: 26691857 PMCID: PMC4687007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are characterized by a sustained inflammatory response in which chemokines and chemokine-receptors orchestrate inflammatory cell recruitment. In this study we investigated the role of the chemokine receptor CCR6 in acute and chronic liver injury. In the absence of liver injury Ccr6-/- mice presented a higher number of hepatic macrophages and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and M1 markers Tnf-α, Il6 and Mcp1. Inflammation and cell recruitment were increased after carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in Ccr6-/- mice. Moreover, chronic liver injury by carbon tetrachloride in Ccr6-/- mice was associated with enhanced inflammation and fibrosis, altered macrophage recruitment, enhanced CD4+ cells and a reduction in Th17 (CD4+IL17+) and mature dendritic (MHCII+CD11c+) cells recruitment. Clodronate depletion of macrophages in Ccr6-/- mice resulted in a reduction of hepatic pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic markers in the absence and after liver injury. Finally, increased CCR6 hepatic expression in patients with alcoholic hepatitis was found to correlate with liver expression of CCL20 and severity of liver disease. In conclusion, CCR6 deficiency affects hepatic inflammatory cell recruitment resulting in the promotion of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Affò
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delia Blaya
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Morales-Ibanez
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Coll
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Millán
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Altamirano
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Caballería
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pere Ginès
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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131
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MicroRNA-181a/b-1 Is Not Required for Innate γδ NKT Effector Cell Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145010. [PMID: 26673421 PMCID: PMC4682956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic development of αβ T lymphocytes into invariant natural killer (NK) T cells depends on their selection via agonistic lipid antigen presented by CD1d. If successful, newly selected NKT cells gain effector functions already in the thymus. Some γδ T cell subsets also acquire effector functions in the thymus. However, it is not clear whether agonistic TCR stimulation is involved in thymic γδ T cell selection and development. Here we combine two genetic models to address this question. MiR-181a/b-1–/–mice, which show impaired agonistic T cell selection of invariant αβ NKT cells, were crossed to Tcrd-H2BeGFP reporter mice to monitor selection, intra-thymic expansion and differentiation of γδ T cells. We found that miR-181a/b-1-deficiency had no effect on numbers of thymic γδ T cell or on their differentiation towards an IL-17- or IFN-γ-producing effector phenotype. Also, the composition of peripheral lymph node γδ T cells was not affected by miR-181a/b-1-deficiency. Dendritic epidermal γδ T cells were normally present in knock-out animals. However, we observed elevated frequencies and numbers of γδ NKT cells in the liver, possibly because γδ NKT cells can expand and replace missing αβ NKT cells in peripheral niches. In summary, we investigated the role of miR-181a/b-1 for selection, intrathymic development and homeostasis of γδ T cells. We conclude that miR-181a/b-1-dependent modulation of T cell selection is not critically required for innate development of γδ NKT cells or of any other γδ T cell subtypes.
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132
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Rezende RM, da Cunha AP, Kuhn C, Rubino S, M'Hamdi H, Gabriely G, Vandeventer T, Liu S, Cialic R, Pinheiro-Rosa N, Oliveira RP, Gaublomme JT, Obholzer N, Kozubek J, Pochet N, Faria AMC, Weiner HL. Identification and characterization of latency-associated peptide-expressing γδ T cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8726. [PMID: 26644347 PMCID: PMC4686827 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of lymphocytes specialized in protecting the host against pathogens and tumours. Here we describe a subset of regulatory γδ T cells that express the latency-associated peptide (LAP), a membrane-bound TGF-β1. Thymic CD27+IFN-γ+CCR9+α4β7+TCRγδ+ cells migrate to the periphery, particularly to Peyer's patches and small intestine lamina propria, where they upregulate LAP, downregulate IFN-γ via ATF-3 expression and acquire a regulatory phenotype. TCRγδ+LAP+ cells express antigen presentation molecules and function as antigen presenting cells that induce CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, although TCRγδ+LAP+ cells do not themselves express Foxp3. Identification of TCRγδ+LAP+ regulatory cells provides an avenue for understanding immune regulation and biologic processes linked to intestinal function and disease. Latency-associated peptide (LAP) is a membrane-bound form of TGF-β1. Here the authors show that LAP marks a subset of regulatory γδ T cells with innate gut-homing properties, which present antigen and induce CD4+ Foxp3+ in Peyer's patches and lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andre P da Cunha
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chantal Kuhn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hanane M'Hamdi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tyler Vandeventer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ron Cialic
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Natalia Pinheiro-Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Jellert T Gaublomme
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nikolaus Obholzer
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - James Kozubek
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ana M C Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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133
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Mair F, Joller S, Hoeppli R, Onder L, Hahn M, Ludewig B, Waisman A, Becher B. The NFκB-inducing kinase is essential for the developmental programming of skin-resident and IL-17-producing γδ T cells. eLife 2015; 4:e10087. [PMID: 26637788 PMCID: PMC4733042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells contribute to first line immune defense, particularly through their ability for rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokine profile of γδ T cells is hard-wired already during thymic development. Yet, the molecular pathways underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here we show that signaling via the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK) is essential for the formation of a fully functional γδ T cell compartment. In the absence of NIK, development of Vγ5(+) dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) was halted in the embryonic thymus, and impaired NIK function caused a selective loss of IL-17 expression by γδ T cells. Using a novel conditional mutant of NIK, we could show in vivo that NIK signaling in thymic epithelial cells is essential for the thymic hardwiring of γδ T cell cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romy Hoeppli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Do J, Visperas A, Freeman ML, Jang E, Kim S, Malissen B, Min B. γδ T cells support gut Ag-reactive colitogenic effector T-cell generation by enhancing Ag presentation by CD11b(+) DCs in the mesenteric LN. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:340-6. [PMID: 26549797 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
T cells expressing the γδ TCR are dominant T-cell subsets in the intestinal immune system. We previously demonstrated that γδ T cells play important roles in augmenting Th17-type colitogenic immune responses in a T-cell-induced colitic inflammation model. However, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, an in vitro coculture system using effector T cells enriched in gut Ag-reactive cells was employed as a readout tool to search for gut Ag presenting APCs. We found that the presence of γδ T cells dramatically enhances gut Ag presentation within the mLN in mice. Gut Ag presentation by CD11b(+) DC subsets was particularly controlled by γδ T cells. Interestingly, γδ T-cell entry to the lymph nodes was essential to improve the Ag presentation. Therefore, our results highlight that γδ T cells play a previously unrecognized role to support colitogenic immunity by regulating gut Ag presentation in the draining LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsu Do
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eunjung Jang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U631, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sheel M, Beattie L, Frame TCM, de Labastida Rivera F, Faleiro RJ, Bunn PT, Montes de Oca M, Edwards CL, Ng SS, Kumar R, Amante FH, Best SE, McColl SR, Varelias A, Kuns RD, MacDonald KPA, Smyth MJ, Haque A, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. IL-17A-Producing γδ T Cells Suppress Early Control of Parasite Growth by Monocytes in the Liver. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5707-17. [PMID: 26538396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular infections, such as those caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), require a potent host proinflammatory response for control. IL-17 has emerged as an important proinflammatory cytokine required for limiting growth of both extracellular and intracellular pathogens. However, there are conflicting reports on the exact roles for IL-17 during parasitic infections and limited knowledge about cellular sources and the immune pathways it modulates. We examined the role of IL-17 in an experimental model of VL caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with L. donovani and identified an early suppressive role for IL-17 in the liver that limited control of parasite growth. IL-17-producing γδ T cells recruited to the liver in the first week of infection were the critical source of IL-17 in this model, and CCR2(+) inflammatory monocytes were an important target for the suppressive effects of IL-17. Improved parasite control was independent of NO generation, but associated with maintenance of superoxide dismutase mRNA expression in the absence of IL-17 in the liver. Thus, we have identified a novel inhibitory function for IL-17 in parasitic infection, and our results demonstrate important interactions among γδ T cells, monocytes, and infected macrophages in the liver that can determine the outcome of parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meru Sheel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Teija C M Frame
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca J Faleiro
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Patrick T Bunn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Marcela Montes de Oca
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chelsea L Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Susanna S Ng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110078, India; and
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Shannon E Best
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Rachel D Kuns
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Geoff R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Christian R Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia;
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136
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Messemaker TC, Huizinga TW, Kurreeman F. Immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis: Understanding functional implications. J Autoimmun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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137
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Abstract
With the promise of T cell-based therapy for cancer finally becoming reality, this Review focuses on the less-studied γδ T cell lineage and its diverse responses to tumours. γδ T cells have well-established protective roles in cancer, largely on the basis of their potent cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production. Besides this, recent studies have revealed a series of tumour-promoting functions that are linked to interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells. Here, we integrate the current knowledge from both human and mouse studies to highlight the potential of γδ T cell modulation to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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138
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Wanke-Jellinek L, Keegan JW, Dolan JW, Lederer JA. Characterization of lung infection-induced TCRγδ T cell phenotypes by CyTOF mass cytometry. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:483-93. [PMID: 26428679 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0315-115rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor γδ cells are known to be the primary effector T cells involved in the response to bacterial infections, yet their phenotypic characteristics are not as well established as other T cell subsets. In this study, we used cytometry by time-of-flight mass cytometry to better characterize the phenotypic response of T cell receptor γδ cells to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection. Mice were infected, and cells from lung washouts, spleen, and lymph nodes were stained to detect cell-surface, intracellular, and signaling markers. We observed that infection caused a significant increase in T cell receptor γδ cells, which expressed high interferon-γ and interleukin-17A levels. Profiling T cell receptor γδ cells by cytometry by time-of-flight revealed that activated γδ T cells uniquely coexpressed cell-surface Gr-1, cluster of differentiation 14, and cluster of differentiation 274 (programmed death-ligand 1). Further classification of Gr-1 expression patterns on T cell receptor γδ cells demonstrated that Gr-1(+) T cell receptor γδ cells were the primary source of interferon-γ, whereas Gr-1(-) cells mostly expressed interleukin-17A. Gr-1(+) T cell receptor γδ cells also showed higher ζ-chain-associated protein kinase 70, p38, and 4eBP1 signaling in response to infection as compared with Gr-1(-) T cell receptor γδ cells. Taken together, Gr-1 expression patterns on γδ T cells in the lung provide a robust marker to differentiate interferon-γ- and interleukin-17A-producing subsets involved in the early immune response to bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Wanke-Jellinek
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua W Keegan
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James W Dolan
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James A Lederer
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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139
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Abstract
The development and homeostasis of γδ T cells is highly dependent on distinct cytokine networks. Here we examine the role of IL-15 and its unique receptor, IL-15Rα, in the development of IL-17-producing γδ (γδ-17) T cells. Phenotypic analysis has shown that CD44(high) γδ-17 cells express IL-15Rα and the common gamma chain (CD132), yet lack the IL-2/15Rβ chain (CD122). Surprisingly, we found an enlarged population of γδ-17 cells in the peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes of adult IL-15Rα KO mice, but not of IL-15 KO mice. The generation of mixed chimeras from neonatal thymocytes indicated that cell-intrinsic IL-15Rα expression was required to limit IL-17 production by γδ T cells. γδ-17 cells also were increased in the peripheral lymph nodes of transgenic knock-in mice, where the IL-15Rα intracellular signaling domain was replaced with the intracellular portion of the IL-2Rα chain (that lacks signaling capacity). Finally, an analysis of neonatal thymi revealed that the CD44(lo/int) precursors of γδ-17 cells, which also expressed IL-15Rα, were increased in newborn mice deficient in IL-15Rα signaling, but not in IL-15 itself. Thus, these findings demonstrate that signaling through IL-15Rα regulates the development of γδ-17 cells early in ontogeny, with long-term effects on their peripheral homeostasis in the adult.
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140
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Bonneville M, Chen ZW, Déchanet-Merville J, Eberl M, Fournié JJ, Jameson JM, Lopez RD, Massaia M, Silva-Santos B. Chicago 2014 – 30years of γδ T cells. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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141
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Akitsu A, Ishigame H, Kakuta S, Chung SH, Ikeda S, Shimizu K, Kubo S, Liu Y, Umemura M, Matsuzaki G, Yoshikai Y, Saijo S, Iwakura Y. IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice develop autoimmune arthritis due to intrinsic activation of IL-17-producing CCR2(+)Vγ6(+)γδ T cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7464. [PMID: 26108163 PMCID: PMC4521288 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing γδ T (γδ17) cells have been implicated in inflammatory diseases, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that both CD4+ and γδ17 cells are required for the development of autoimmune arthritis in IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)-deficient mice. Specifically, activated CD4+ T cells direct γδ T-cell infiltration by inducing CCL2 expression in joints. Furthermore, IL-17 reporter mice reveal that the Vγ6+ subset of CCR2+ γδ T cells preferentially produces IL-17 in inflamed joints. Importantly, because IL-1Ra normally suppresses IL-1R expression on γδ T cells, IL-1Ra-deficient mice exhibit elevated IL-1R expression on Vγ6+ cells, which play a critical role in inducing them to produce IL-17. Our findings demonstrate a pathogenic mechanism in which adaptive and innate immunity induce an autoimmune disease in a coordinated manner. Control of γδ T-cell activation remains incompletely understood. Here the authors show that during autoimmune arthritis development αβ CD4+ T cells recruit a subset of IL-17-producing γδ T cells to the joints, and that both components are essential to cause pathology in a mouse model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Akitsu
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [3] Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan [4] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan [5] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Harumichi Ishigame
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Research Center for Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [3] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan [4] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
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142
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Costa MFDS, de Negreiros CBT, Bornstein VU, Valente RH, Mengel J, Henriques MDG, Benjamim CF, Penido C. Murine IL-17+ Vγ4 T lymphocytes accumulate in the lungs and play a protective role during severe sepsis. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:36. [PMID: 26037291 PMCID: PMC4451961 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung inflammation is a major consequence of the systemic inflammatory response caused by severe sepsis. Increased migration of γδ T lymphocytes into the lungs has been previously demonstrated during experimental sepsis; however, the involvement of the γδ T cell subtype Vγ4 has not been previously described. Methods Severe sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP; 9 punctures, 21G needle) in male C57BL/6 mice. γδ and Vγ4 T lymphocyte depletion was performed by 3A10 and UC3-10A6 mAb i.p. administration, respectively. Lung infiltrating T lymphocytes, IL-17 production and mortality rate were evaluated. Results Severe sepsis induced by CLP in C57BL/6 mice led to an intense lung inflammatory response, marked by the accumulation of γδ T lymphocytes (comprising the Vγ4 subtype). γδ T lymphocytes present in the lungs of CLP mice were likely to be originated from peripheral lymphoid organs and migrated towards CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5, which were highly produced in response to CLP-induced sepsis. Increased expression of CD25 by Vγ4 T lymphocytes was observed in spleen earlier than that by αβ T cells, suggesting the early activation of Vγ4 T cells. The Vγ4 T lymphocyte subset predominated among the IL-17+ cell populations present in the lungs of CLP mice (unlike Vγ1 and αβ T lymphocytes) and was strongly biased toward IL-17 rather than toward IFN-γ production. Accordingly, the in vivo administration of anti-Vγ4 mAb abrogated CLP-induced IL-17 production in mouse lungs. Furthermore, anti-Vγ4 mAb treatment accelerated mortality rate in severe septic mice, demonstrating that Vγ4 T lymphocyte play a beneficial role in host defense. Conclusions Overall, our findings provide evidence that early-activated Vγ4 T lymphocytes are the main responsible cells for IL-17 production in inflamed lungs during the course of sepsis and delay mortality of septic mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0098-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda de Souza Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Departamento de Farmacologia, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-250, Brazil. .,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT-IDN), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Bastos Trigo de Negreiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Departamento de Farmacologia, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Victor Ugarte Bornstein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Departamento de Farmacologia, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-250, Brazil. .,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, USA.
| | - Richard Hemmi Valente
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - José Mengel
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria das Graças Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Departamento de Farmacologia, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-250, Brazil. .,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT-IDN), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Farias Benjamim
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Estresse Oxidativo e Câncer, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Penido
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Departamento de Farmacologia, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-250, Brazil. .,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT-IDN), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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143
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Isailovic N, Daigo K, Mantovani A, Selmi C. Interleukin-17 and innate immunity in infections and chronic inflammation. J Autoimmun 2015; 60:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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144
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Wang X, Wei Y, Liu X, Xing C, Han G, Chen G, Hou C, Dambuza IM, Shen B, Li Y, Xiao H, Wang R. IL-15-secreting γδT cells induce memory T cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:402-8. [PMID: 25974878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With the most recent data suggesting γδT cells as primary producers of the pro-inflammatory autoimmune-associated cytokine, the relationship between γδT cells and Th17 in experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) mice requires more extensive investigation. By flow cytometry and qPCR, we identified a new subset of IL-15-secreting γδT (γδT15) cells that increased in EAE mice. The capacity of IL-15-secreting γδT cells inducing memory T cells and memory T cells inducing IL-17(+)Th17 was examined by transferring into EAE mice and 7-week-old female nude mice, respectively. We found that γδT15 induced CD44(hi) memory T cells by secreting IL-15. γδT15-induced memory T cells induced EAE by transforming into pathogenic Th17 cells. The data suggest that a new subset of IL-15-secreting γδT cells mediated the production of memory T cells which transformed into pathogenic Th17 cells in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yinxiang Wei
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Mephrology, The 307th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ivy M Dambuza
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China
| | - He Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Renxi Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130 (3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing 100850, China.
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145
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A clonotypic Vγ4Jγ1/Vδ5Dδ2Jδ1 innate γδ T-cell population restricted to the CCR6⁺CD27⁻ subset. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6477. [PMID: 25765849 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we investigate the TCR repertoire of mouse Vγ4(+) γδ T cells in correlation with their developmental origin and homeostasis. By deep sequencing we identify a high frequency of straight Vδ5Dδ2Jδ1 germline rearrangements without P- and N-nucleotides within the otherwise highly diverse Trd repertoire of Vγ4(+) cells. This sequence is infrequent in CCR6(-)CD27(+) cells, but abundant among CCR6(+)CD27(-) γδ T cells. Using an inducible Rag1 knock-in mouse model, we show that γδ T cells generated in the adult thymus rarely contain this germline-rearranged Vδ5Dδ2Jδ1 sequence, confirming its fetal origin. Single-cell analysis and deep sequencing of the Trg locus reveal a dominant CDR3 junctional motif that completes the TCR repertoire of invariant Vγ4(+)Vδ5(+) cells. In conclusion, this study identifies an innate subset of fetal thymus-derived γδ T cells with an invariant Vγ4(+)Vδ5(+) TCR that is restricted to the CCR6(+)CD27(-) subset of γδ T cells.
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146
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Knowledge of IL-22 biology has evolved rapidly since its discovery in 2000, and a role for IL-22 has been identified in numerous tissues, including the intestines, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, pancreas, and skin. IL-22 primarily targets nonhematopoietic epithelial and stromal cells, where it can promote proliferation and play a role in tissue regeneration. In addition, IL-22 regulates host defense at barrier surfaces. However, IL-22 has also been linked to several conditions involving inflammatory tissue pathology. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine, including its physiologic and pathologic effects on epithelial cell function.
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147
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Patil RS, Bhat SA, Dar AA, Chiplunkar SV. The Jekyll and Hyde story of IL17-Producing γδT Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:37. [PMID: 25699053 PMCID: PMC4316782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to conventional αβT cells, γδT cells are considered as specialized T cells based on their contributions in regulating immune response. γδT cells sense early environmental signals and initiate local immune-surveillance. The development of functional subtypes of γδT cells takes place in the thymus but they also exhibit plasticity in response to the activating signals and cytokines encountered in the extrathymic region. Thymic development of Tγδ1 requires strong TCR, CD27, and Skint-1 signals. However, differentiation of IL17-producing γδT cells (Tγδ17) is independent of Skint-1 or CD27 but requires notch signaling along with IL6 and TGFβ cytokines in the presence of weak TCR signal. In response to cytokines like IL23, IL6, and IL1β, Tγδ17 outshine Th17 cells for early activation and IL17 secretion. Despite expressing similar repertoire of lineage transcriptional factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors, Tγδ17 cells differ from Th17 in spatial and temporal fashion. There are compelling reasons to consider significant role of Tγδ17 cells in regulating inflammation and thereby disease outcome. Tγδ17 cells regulate mobilization of innate immune cells and induce keratinocytes to secrete anti-microbial peptides thus exhibiting protective functions in anti-microbial immunity. In contrast, dysregulated Tγδ17 cells inhibit Treg cells, exacerbate autoimmunity, and are also known to support carcinogenesis by enhancing angiogenesis. The mechanism associated with this dual behavior of Tγδ17 is not clear. To exploit, Tγδ17 cells for beneficial use requires comprehensive analysis of their biology. Here, we summarize the current understanding on the characteristics, development, and functions of Tγδ17 cells in various pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh S Patil
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre , Kharghar , India
| | - Sajad A Bhat
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre , Kharghar , India
| | - Asif A Dar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre , Kharghar , India
| | - Shubhada V Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre , Kharghar , India
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148
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Schmolka N, Wencker M, Hayday AC, Silva-Santos B. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of γδ T cell differentiation: Programming cells for responses in time and space. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:19-25. [PMID: 25726512 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are major providers of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFNγ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in protective or pathogenic immune responses. Notably, murine γδ T cells commit to either IFNγ or IL-17 production during development in the thymus, before any subsequent activation in the periphery. Here we discuss the molecular networks that underlie thymic γδ T cell differentiation, as well as the mechanisms that sustain or modify their functional properties in the periphery. We concentrate on recent findings on lymphoid and tissue-resident γδ T cell subpopulations, with an emphasis on genome-wide studies and their added value to elucidate the regulation of γδ T cell differentiation at the transcriptional and epigenetic (chromatin) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK; Immunity and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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149
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Ribeiro ST, Ribot JC, Silva-Santos B. Five Layers of Receptor Signaling in γδ T-Cell Differentiation and Activation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:15. [PMID: 25674089 PMCID: PMC4306313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of γδ T-cells to immunity to infection or tumors critically depend on their activation and differentiation into effectors capable of secreting cytokines and killing infected or transformed cells. These processes are molecularly controlled by surface receptors that capture key extracellular cues and convey downstream intracellular signals that regulate γδ T-cell physiology. The understanding of how environmental signals are integrated by γδ T-cells is critical for their manipulation in clinical settings. Here, we discuss how different classes of surface receptors impact on human and murine γδ T-cell differentiation, activation, and expansion. In particular, we review the role of five receptor types: the T-cell receptor (TCR), costimulatory receptors, cytokine receptors, NK receptors, and inhibitory receptors. Some of the key players are the costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28, which differentially impact on pro-inflammatory subsets of γδ T-cells; the cytokine receptors IL-2R, IL-7R, and IL-15R, which drive functional differentiation and expansion of γδ T-cells; the NK receptor NKG2D and its contribution to γδ T-cell cytotoxicity; and the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and BTLA that control γδ T-cell homeostasis. We discuss these and other receptors in the context of a five-step model of receptor signaling in γδ T-cell differentiation and activation, and discuss its implications for the manipulation of γδ T-cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio T Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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150
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Woodward Davis AS, Bergsbaken T, Delaney MA, Bevan MJ. Dermal-resident versus recruited γδ T cell response to cutaneous vaccinia virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2260-7. [PMID: 25609844 PMCID: PMC4340759 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of T cell immunity at barrier surfaces has largely focused on T cells bearing the αβ TCR. However, T cells that express the γδ TCR are disproportionately represented in peripheral tissues of mice and humans, suggesting they too may play an important role responding to external stimuli. In this article, we report that, in a murine model of cutaneous infection with vaccinia virus, dermal γδ T cell numbers increased 10-fold in the infected ear and resulted in a novel γδ T cell population not found in naive skin. Circulating γδ T cells were specifically recruited to the site of inflammation and differentially contributed to dermal populations based on their CD27 expression. Recruited γδ T cells, the majority of which were CD27(+), were granzyme B(+) and made up about half of the dermal population at the peak of the response. In contrast, recruited and resident γδ T cell populations that made IL-17 were CD27(-). Using a double-chimera model that can discriminate between the resident dermal and recruited γδ T cell populations, we demonstrated their divergent functions and contributions to early stages of tissue inflammation. Specifically, the loss of the perinatal thymus-derived resident dermal population resulted in decreased cellularity and collateral damage in the tissue during viral infection. These findings have important implications for our understanding of immune coordination at barrier surfaces and the contribution of innate-like lymphocytes on the front lines of immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa Bergsbaken
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Michael J Bevan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
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