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Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Nuwaylati D, Alnami A, Ajabnoor M, Elsamanoudy A. The Interplay of Vitamin D Deficiency and Cellular Senescence in The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Related Co-Morbidities. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114127. [PMID: 34836382 PMCID: PMC8618094 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to clarify the interplay between obesity, vitamin D deficiency, cellular senescence, and obesity-related metabolic consequences, mainly subclinical atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity is a significant global health problem that involves cellular, environmental, behavioral, and genetic elements. The fundamental cause of obesity throughout all life stages is an energy imbalance, and its consequences are countless and, foremost, very common. Obesity has been comprehensively studied in the literature given its association with low serum vitamin D, with many proposed mechanisms linking the two conditions. Moreover, markers of exaggerated cellular senescence have been proven to accumulate in obese individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis initiates an early stage that ends in serious cardiac events, and obesity, low vitamin D, and senescent cells largely contribute to its associated chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, NAFLD signifies the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and studies have highlighted the important role of obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and cellular senescence in its development. Therefore, we outlined the most important mechanisms tying these conditions to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Dina Nuwaylati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-59-506-2375
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Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110771. [PMID: 34822430 PMCID: PMC8619823 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in levels of some adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines and inflammatory cytokines contribute to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of adiponectin, osteocalcin (OCN), irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 according to the body size phenotype of middle-aged women, and their associations with BMI, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and HOMA-IR. A cross-sectional study in 265 women aged from 40 to 65 years was performed. The biochemical characteristics were evaluated in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obese, and metabolically unhealthy obese women. There was an association of OCN with BMI (r = -0.107; p = 0.047); adiponectin with BMI (r = -0.217; p = 0.001), insulin (r = -0.415; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = -0.429; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = -0.134; p = 0.025); irisin with BMI (r = 0.604; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.446; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.452; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = 0.645; p = 0.0001); FGF-21 with insulin (r = -0.337; p= 0.030) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.341; p = 0.03); and MCP-1 with BMI (r = 0.481; p = 0.0001), VAT (r = 0.497; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.298; p= 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.255; p = 0.004). A multivariate analysis showed that an elevation of OCN (OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.06-1.81)) and a reduction of adiponectin (OR 0.9 (0.84-0.96)) were associated factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in normal weight participants. Likewise, higher irisin (OR 1.007 (1.003-1.011)) and MCP-1 (1.044 (1.008-1.083)) were risk factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in woman with obesity. OCN, adiponectin, irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 are associated with some metabolic parameters such as BMI, HOMA-IR, and VAT, and could be possible biomarkers of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype in middle-aged women.
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Nagl V, Grenier B, Pinton P, Ruczizka U, Dippel M, Bünger M, Oswald IP, Soler L. Exposure to Zearalenone Leads to Metabolic Disruption and Changes in Circulating Adipokines Concentrations in Pigs. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110790. [PMID: 34822574 PMCID: PMC8618343 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin classified as an endocrine disruptor. Many endocrine disruptors are also metabolic disruptors able to modulate energy balance and inflammatory processes in a process often involving a family of protein hormones known as adipokines. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of ZEN as metabolic disruptor in pigs by investigating the changes in energy balance and adipokines levels in response to different treatment diets. To this end, weaned piglets (n = 10/group) were exposed to either basal feed or feed contaminated with 680 and 1620 µg/kg ZEN for 28 days. Serum samples collected at days 7 and 21 were subjected to biochemistry analysis, followed by determination of adipokine levels using a combined approach of protein array and ELISA. Results indicate that ZEN has an impact on lipid and glucose metabolism that was different depending on the dose and time of exposure. In agreement with these changes, ZEN altered circulating adipokines concentrations, inducing significant changes in adiponectin, resistin, and fetuin B. Our results suggest that ZEN may function as a natural metabolism-disrupting chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Nagl
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (V.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Bertrand Grenier
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (V.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (P.P.); (I.P.O.)
| | - Ursula Ruczizka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (U.R.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Maximiliane Dippel
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (U.R.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Moritz Bünger
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (U.R.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Isabelle P. Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (P.P.); (I.P.O.)
| | - Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (P.P.); (I.P.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-582-066-403
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Ebihara T, Matsumoto H, Matsubara T, Matsuura H, Hirose T, Shimizu K, Ogura H, Kang S, Tanaka T, Shimazu T. Adipocytokine Profile Reveals Resistin Forming a Prognostic-Related Cytokine Network in the Acute Phase of Sepsis. Shock 2021; 56:718-726. [PMID: 33606478 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines compose a network and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis of sepsis. Adipose tissue is an important immune endocrine organ that releases adipocytokines. This study aimed to evaluate adipocytokines in sepsis from a network perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study of 37 patients with sepsis and 12 healthy controls was conducted from February 2014 to July 2015. Blood samples were collected from patients on days 1 (within 24 h of diagnosis), 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 15 and from healthy controls. Adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin, vaspin, CXCL-12/SDF-1, angiotensinogen), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP-1]), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was evaluated on day 1, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) and International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores were assessed at the times of blood sampling. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis showed the cluster formed by resistin, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-10 on days 1, 2, and 4 represented the cytokine network throughout the acute phase of sepsis. Each cytokine in this network was significantly associated with SOFA and JAAM DIC scores over the acute phase. A Cox proportional hazards model focusing on the acute phase showed a significant relation of these five cytokines with patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytokines and an inflammatory cytokine profile assessed over time in sepsis patients showed that resistin was involved in an inflammatory cytokine network including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 in the acute phase of sepsis, and this network was associated with severity and prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ebihara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Matsubara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Medical Affairs Bureau, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Amiri R, Tabandeh MR, Hosseini SA. Novel Cardioprotective Effect of L-Carnitine on Obese Diabetic Mice: Regulation of Chemerin and CMKLRI Expression in Heart and Adipose Tissues. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:715-725. [PMID: 34709299 PMCID: PMC8528366 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamentos A L-carnitina (LC) tem muitos efeitos benéficos em animais diabéticos e humanos, mas seu efeito regulatório sobre a quemerina como uma citocina inflamatória e seu receptor no estado diabético são desconhecidos. Objetivos O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito regulatório da LC na expressão do receptor semelhante ao de quimiocina 1 e quemerina (CMKLRI) em tecidos adiposo e cardíaco de camundongos diabéticos. Métodos Sessenta camundongos NMARI foram divididos em quatro grupos, incluindo controle, diabético, diabético + suplementação com LC e controle + suplementação com LC. O diabetes foi induzido pela alimentação dos animais com dieta hipercalórica por 5 semanas e injeção de estreptozotocina. Os animais foram tratados com 300 mg/kg de LC por 28 dias. Nos dias 7, 14 e 28 após o tratamento, os níveis de mRNA e proteína da quemerina e CMKLRI nos tecidos cardíacos e adiposos de animais foram determinados utilizando análise por qPCR e ELISA. Os índices de resistência à insulina também foram medidos em todos os grupos experimentais. A diferença com p<0,05 foi considerada significativa. Resultados A expressão de quemerina e CMKLRI aumentou nos tecidos cardíaco e adiposo de camundongos diabéticos nos dias 14 e 28 após a indução do diabetes, concomitantemente com a incidência de resistência à insulina e níveis aumentados de quemerina circulante (p<0,05). O tratamento com LC causou uma diminuição significativa na expressão de ambos os genes nos tecidos estudados e redução dos sintomas de resistência à insulina e dos níveis séricos de quemerina (p<0,05). Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com LC pode diminuir a expressão de quemerina e CKLR1 em tecidos cardíacos e adiposos de animais experimentais obesos e diabéticos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Amiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of Nutrition Science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
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106
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Subash-Babu P, Al-Saran N, M Alshammari G, Naif Al-Harbi L, Hussain Alhussain M, Shamlan G, Abdulaziz AlSedairy S, Abdullah Alshatwi A. Evaluation of Biosafety, Antiobesity, and Endothelial Cells Proliferation Potential of Basil Seed Extract Loaded Organic Solid Lipid Nanoparticle. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722258. [PMID: 34671255 PMCID: PMC8521050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance liposome-assisted intracellular uptake of basil seed active components in adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells to attain increased bioavailability. To obtain solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNp), the water phase containing basil seed extract (BSE) was encapsulated with lipid matrix containing chia seed phospholipids using homogenization and cold ultra-sonication method. The physicochemical characterization of BSE loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (BSE-SLNp) has been analyzed using Zetasizer, FT-IR, and TEM. The BSE-SLNp showed an average diameter of 20-110 nm on the day of preparation and it remains the same after 60 days of storage. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the BSE-SLNp did not produce toxicity in hMSCs, preadipocytes, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) until the tested higher dose up to 64 μg/ml. During effective dose determination, 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp confirmed non-toxic and enhanced metabolic function in hMSCs, preadipocytes, and HUVECs. Biosafety assay confirmed normal nuclear morphology in PI staining and high mitochondrial membrane potential in JC-1 assay within 48 h in hMSCs. The maturing adipocyte treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp significantly increased the mitochondrial efficiency and fatty acid beta-oxidation (PPARγC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM-16) related gene expression levels. Oxidative stress induced HUVECs treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp potentially enhanced antioxidant capacity, cell growth, and microtubule development within 48 h H2O2 induced oxidative stressed HUVECs have shown 39.8% viable cells, but treatment with BSE-SLNp has shown 99% of viable cells within 48 h confirmed by Annexin-V assay. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) increased to 89.4% confirmed by JC-1 assay. The observed DNA integrity, cell viability was confirmed by increased antioxidant and tumor suppressor-related gene expression levels. VEGF expression has been significantly increased and pro-inflammation-related mRNA levels were decreased in BSE-SLNp treated cells. In conclusion, enhanced adipocyte fatty acid oxidation is directly associated with decreased adipocytokine secretion which arrests obesity-associated comorbidities. In addition, suppressing vascular cell oxidative stress and metabolic inflammation supports vascular cell proliferation and arrests ageing-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Saran
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Hussain Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdullah Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Qiu S, Zhou T, Qiu B, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yu H, Zhang J, Liu L, Yuan L, Yang G, Duan Y, Xing C. Risk Factors for Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:736854. [PMID: 34660739 PMCID: PMC8511483 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.736854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several cardiovascular risk factors have been suggested to be associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, but their quantitative effects have not reached a consensus. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for manuscripts published from inception to February 2021, which reported the results of cardiotoxicity due to anthracycline chemotherapy without trastuzumab. Cardiotoxicity defined by any reduction of left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) to below 50% or a >10% reduction from baseline was defined as the primary endpoint. Odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Results: A total of 7,488 patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy without trastuzumab were included, who had at least one risk factor at baseline. Hypertension (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.43–2.76), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.11–2.74), and obesity (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.13–2.61) were associated with increased risk of cardiotoxicity. In addition, the relative reduction of global longitudinal strain (GLS) from baseline after anthracycline treatment could significantly improve the detection ability of cardiotoxicity (28.5%, 95% CI: 22.1–35.8% vs. 16.4%, 95% CI: 13.4–19.9%) compared with LVEF. The early detection rate of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (3 months after chemotherapy) by GLS was 30.2% (95% CI: 24.9–36.1%), which is similar with the overall result of GLS. Conclusions: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are associated with increased risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, which indicates that corresponding protective strategies should be used during and after anthracycline treatment. The findings of higher detection rate and better early detection ability for cardiotoxicity than LVEF added new proofs for the advantages of GLS in detection of AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- School of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Perdoncin M, Konrad A, Wyner JR, Lohana S, Pillai SS, Pereira DG, Lakhani HV, Sodhi K. A Review of miRNAs as Biomarkers and Effect of Dietary Modulation in Obesity Associated Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:756499. [PMID: 34690698 PMCID: PMC8529023 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.756499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the crosstalk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS), through cellular mediators and signaling pathways, may causally link obesity with cognitive decline and give rise to neurodegenerative disorders. Several mechanisms have been proposed in obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, which may result in neuroinflammation, altered brain insulin signaling, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and neuronal cell death. Since obesity is associated with functional and morphological alterations in the adipose tissues, the resulting peripheral immune response augments the development and progression of cognitive decline and increases susceptibility of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Studies have also elucidated an important role of high fat diet in the exacerbation of these clinical conditions. However, the underlying factors that propel and sustain this obesity associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, remains highly elusive. Moreover, the mechanisms linking these phenomena are not well-understood. The cumulative line of evidence have demonstrated an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and transcriptional changes, as biomarkers of pathophysiological conditions. Despite the lack of utility in current clinical practices, miRNAs have been shown to be highly specific and sensitive to the clinical condition being studied. Based on these observations, this review aims to assess the role of several miRNAs and aim to elucidate underlying mechanisms that link obesity with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, this review will also provide evidence for the effect of dietary modulation which can potentially ameliorate cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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Synthesis of Ziziphus spina-christi (Jujube) Root Methanol Extract Loaded Functionalized Silver Nanoparticle (ZS-Ag-NPs); Physiochemical Characterization and Effect of ZS-Ag-NPs on Adipocyte Maturation, Adipokine and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Interaction. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102563. [PMID: 34685001 PMCID: PMC8539395 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a simple, green approach was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles with the aid of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) methanol root extract, which can act as a reducing, capping agent to treat obesity and inflammation. Globally, Ziziphus spina-christi (Jujube) root is used in traditional therapy as a lipolysis promoter. GC-MS results confirmed the availability of kaempferol (flavonol), cannabinol and indole-3-carboxylic acid in Ziziphus spina-christi root methanol extract (ZSE). ZSE silver nanoparticles (ZS-Ag-NPs) were synthesized and their effect on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity and adipokine levels in maturing adipocytes were analyzed. Maturing adipocytes treated with 0.4 µg/dL of ZSE and ZS-Ag-NPs significantly reduced the lipid content in adipocytes by 64% and 82%, respectively. In addition, lipolysis-related genes such as LPL (1.9 fold), HSL (2.3 fold), PGC-1α (3 fold), UCP-1 (4.1 fold), PRDM16 (2 fold) and PPARα (2.7 fold) increased significantly in ZS-Ag-NPs treated maturing adipocytes. The ZS-Ag-NPs treatment significantly decreased insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation-related LTB4-R, TNF-α, IL-4 and STAT-6 mRNA levels. Mitochondrial thermogenesis stimulating capacity of ZS-Ag-NPs was further confirmed by the significantly enhanced CREB-1 and AMPK protein levels in adipocytes. Furthermore, ZS-Ag-NPs treated adipokines (condition media, CM) were treated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to determine cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory stimulus capacity. We found that ZS-Ag-NPs treated adipocyte CM effectively increased mRNA expression levels of the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and down-regulated oxidative stress (LPO, eNOS, and HO) and vascular cell inflammation (ICAM, VCAM, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB). In conclusion, ZS-Ag-NPs displayed an action at the molecular level in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, decreased adipokine secretion in adipocytes, and enhanced vascular endothelial cell growth. This molecular mechanical action of ZS-Ag-NPs reduced effectively obesity progressions and metabolic inflammatory pathogenesis associated with aging.
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Marron MM, Allison M, Kanaya AM, Larsen B, Wood AC, Herrington D, Greenland P, Miljkovic I. Associations Between Lipoprotein Subfractions and Area and Density of Abdominal Muscle and Intermuscular Adipose Tissue: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713048. [PMID: 34646150 PMCID: PMC8502976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle quantity and quality decrease with older age, which is partly attributed to ectopic fat infiltration and has negative metabolic consequences. To inform efforts to preserve skeletal muscle with aging, a better understanding of biologic correlates of quantity and quality of muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is needed. We used targeted lipidomics of lipoprotein subfractions among 947 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants to provide a detailed metabolic characterization of area and density of abdominal muscle and IMAT. Serum lipoprotein subfractions were measured at the first visit using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Muscle and IMAT area (cm2) and density (Hounsfield units) were estimated at visit 2 or 3 using computed tomography of the total abdominal, locomotion (psoas), and stabilization (paraspinal, oblique, rectus abdominis) muscles. We identified lipoprotein subfractions associated with body composition using linear regression adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, and multiple comparisons. Among 105 lipoprotein subfractions, 24 were associated with total muscle area (absolute standardized regression coefficient range: 0.07-0.10, p-values ≤ 0.002), whereas none were associated with total muscle density. When examining muscle subgroups, 25 lipoprotein subfractions were associated with stabilization muscle area, with associations strongest among the obliques. For total IMAT area, there were 27 significant associations with lipoprotein subfractions (absolute standardized regression coefficient range: 0.09-0.13, p-values ≤ 0.002). Specifically, 27 lipoprotein subfractions were associated with stabilization IMAT area, with associations strongest among the oblique and rectus abdominis muscles. For total IMAT density, there were 39 significant associations with lipoprotein subfractions (absolute standardized regression coefficient range: 0.10-0.19, p-values ≤ 0.003). Specifically, 28 and 33 lipoprotein subfractions were associated with IMAT density of locomotion and stabilization (statistically driven by obliques) muscles, respectively. Higher VLDL (cholesterol, unesterified cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B) and lower HDL (cholesterol and unesterified cholesterol) were associated with higher muscle area, higher IMAT area, and lower IMAT density. Several associations between lipoprotein subfractions and abdominal muscle area and IMAT area and density were strongest among the stabilization muscles, particularly the obliques, illustrating the importance of examining muscle groups separately. Future work is needed to determine whether the observed associations indicate a lipoprotein profile contributing to worse skeletal muscle with fat infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Marron
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Britta Larsen
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alexis C. Wood
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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111
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Meteorin-Like Protein (Metrnl) in Obesity, during Weight Loss and in Adipocyte Differentiation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194338. [PMID: 34640356 PMCID: PMC8509786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is an adipo-myokine with pleiotropic effects in adipose tissue (AT). Its systemic regulation in obesity and under weight loss is unclear. Circulating Metrnl concentrations were analyzed by ELISA in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) or low calorie diet (LCD). Metrnl mRNA expression was analyzed in human and murine tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. About 312 morbidly obese individuals underwent BS (n = 181; BMI 53.4 + 6.8 kg/m2) or LCD (n = 131; BMI 43.5 + 6.7 kg/m2). Serum samples were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. AT specimen from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were resected during BS. Serum Metrnl levels were lower in type 2 diabetic patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c. In BS and LCD patients, Metrnl concentrations significantly increased after 3 months and returned to baseline levels after 12 months. There was no gender-specific effect. Metrnl mRNA expression did not differ between visceral and subcutaneous AT in n = 130 patients. In contrast, Metrnl gene expression in mice was highest in intra-abdominal AT followed by subcutaneous, peri-renal, and brown AT. In the murine 3T3-L1 cell line, Metrnl expression was high in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes with a transient downregulation during adipocyte differentiation. Metrnl expression remained unaffected upon treatment with glucose, insulin, fatty acids, bile acids, and incretins. Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids downregulated Metrnl expression. Systemic Metrnl is transiently upregulated during massive weight loss and gene expression in adipocytes is differentially regulated.
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112
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Naim J, Wahiduddin W, Masni M, Amiruddin R, Irwandy I, Bustan MN. Determinants of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence among Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims Hospitalized in Saudi Arabia in 2019. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main causes of death worldwide, including in the hajj pilgrims. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common CVDs in Indonesian hajj pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the determinants of the CHD incidence among Indonesian hajj pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia in 2019.
METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a case–control design. The study was conducted in Makassar using data from the integrated Hajj computerized system in the health sector (siskohatkes) Hajj Health Center (Puskeshaji) in January–June 2021. Cases were pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia with a diagnosis of CHD, about 186 people, and controls were pilgrims hospitalized with diagnoses other than CVDs. Selection of controls by matching age and sex with a ratio of 1:1. The determinants analyzed included education, high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, excess body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Data analysis was using the STATA program with an odds ratio (OR) test and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: The most respondents were 65 years (48.39%), female respondents, about 61.83%. Most respondents’ education was in elementary school, about 31.99%. Multivariate analysis showed that high blood pressure (OR = 2.32, 95% confidence index [CI] = 1.50–3.57), high blood sugar levels (RO = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.06–3.40), high LDL cholesterol levels (RO = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.15–2.88), and excess BMI (RO = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.07–2.68) were risk factors for the CHD incidence. However, education and smoking were not risk factors for CHD.
CONCLUSION: By multiple logistic regression analyzes, the study revealed that the probability of CHD when having those four risk factors was 85.69%.
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113
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Yang X, Zhang X, Yang W, Yu H, He Q, Xu H, Li S, Shang Z, Gao X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Gut Microbiota in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Role as a Metabolic Organ. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749125. [PMID: 34552566 PMCID: PMC8450894 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host metabolism. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases. This association relies on the structure and metabolites of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and branched-chain amino acids, which affects the physiological processes of the host by activating numerous signaling pathways. In this review, we first summarize the various mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic processes that subsequently cause cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the complex interactions between gut microbes, their metabolites, and the metabolic activity of the host. Furthermore, we investigated the current status of clinical therapies for adipose tissue dysfunction directed at the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed before this field of research can be translated to everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi'ao Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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114
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Roy S, Sleiman MB, Jha P, Ingels JF, Chapman CJ, McCarty MS, Ziebarth JD, Hook M, Sun A, Zhao W, Huang J, Neuner SM, Wilmott LA, Shapaker TM, Centeno AG, Ashbrook DG, Mulligan MK, Kaczorowski CC, Makowski L, Cui Y, Read RW, Miller RA, Mozhui K, Williams EG, Sen S, Lu L, Auwerx J, Williams RW. Gene-by-environment modulation of lifespan and weight gain in the murine BXD family. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1217-1227. [PMID: 34552269 PMCID: PMC8478125 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How lifespan and body weight vary as a function of diet and genetic differences is not well understood. Here we quantify the impact of differences in diet on lifespan in a genetically diverse family of female mice, split into matched isogenic cohorts fed a low-fat chow diet (CD, n = 663) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 685). We further generate key metabolic data in a parallel cohort euthanized at four time points. HFD feeding shortens lifespan by 12%: equivalent to a decade in humans. Initial body weight and early weight gains account for longevity differences of roughly 4-6 days per gram. At 500 days, animals on a HFD typically gain four times as much weight as control, but variation in weight gain does not correlate with lifespan. Classic serum metabolites, often regarded as health biomarkers, are not necessarily strong predictors of longevity. Our data indicate that responses to a HFD are substantially modulated by gene-by-environment interactions, highlighting the importance of genetic variation in making accurate individualized dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesse F Ingels
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Casey J Chapman
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melinda S McCarty
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jesse D Ziebarth
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anna Sun
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Neuner
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lynda A Wilmott
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas M Shapaker
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arthur G Centeno
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert W Read
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA.
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115
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Silva-Lagos LA, Pillay J, van Meurs M, Smink A, van der Voort PHJ, de Vos P. DAMPening COVID-19 Severity by Attenuating Danger Signals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720192. [PMID: 34456928 PMCID: PMC8397524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 might lead to multi-organ failure and, in some cases, to death. The COVID-19 severity is associated with a “cytokine storm.” Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are proinflammatory molecules that can activate pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). DAMPs and TLRs have not received much attention in COVID-19 but can explain some of the gender-, weight- and age-dependent effects. In females and males, TLRs are differentially expressed, likely contributing to higher COVID-19 severity in males. DAMPs and cytokines associated with COVID-19 mortality are elevated in obese and elderly individuals, which might explain the higher risk for severer COVID-19 in these groups. Adenosine signaling inhibits the TLR/NF-κB pathway and, through this, decreases inflammation and DAMPs’ effects. As vaccines will not be effective in all susceptible individuals and as new vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants might develop, it remains mandatory to find means to dampen COVID-19 disease severity, especially in high-risk groups. We propose that the regulation of DAMPs via adenosine signaling enhancement might be an effective way to lower the severity of COVID-19 and prevent multiple organ failure in the absence of severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Silva-Lagos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
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116
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Žiberna L, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Petelin A. Serum Bilirubin Levels in Overweight and Obese Individuals: The Importance of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091352. [PMID: 34572984 PMCID: PMC8472302 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition involving low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress; thus, obese and overweight people have lower values of serum bilirubin. Essentially, bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant molecule with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and endocrine properties. This review paper presents the interplay between obesity-related pathological processes and bilirubin, with a focus on adipose tissue and adipokines. We discuss potential strategies to mildly increase serum bilirubin levels in obese patients as an adjunctive therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Žiberna
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-5-66-2469
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117
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Bostrom JA, Mottel B, Heffron SP. Medical and Surgical Obesity Treatments and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms beyond Typical Risk Factors. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:60. [PMID: 34351556 PMCID: PMC9953388 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to discuss the mechanisms by which GLP-1 agonists and bariatric surgery improve cardiovascular outcomes in severely obese patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have demonstrated that both GLP-1 agonist use and bariatric surgery reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Improvements in traditional atherosclerosis risk factors in association with weight loss likely contribute, but weight loss-independent mechanisms are also suggested to have roles. We review the clinical and preclinical evidence base for cardiovascular benefit of LP-1 agonists and bariatric surgery beyond traditional risk factors, including improvements in endothelial function, direct impacts on atherosclerotic plaques, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bostrom
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth Mottel
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean P Heffron
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
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118
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Qin P, Zhao P, Wang C, Wang L, Peng X, Xu S, Chen H, Zhao D, Hu D, Zhang M, Lou Y, Hu F. The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio cholesterol ratio and thickened carotid intima-media thickness: A case-control study. Vascular 2021; 30:943-951. [PMID: 34311590 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211035282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is indicated that Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio) has greater predictive value for thickened carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) comparing with classic lipid parameters. However, there have been few reports about their association in general Chinese population. METHOD We included a total of 1220 CIMT participants and 2440 matched controls, who had ultrasonography of carotid artery during 2009 and 2016. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thickened CIMT risk associated with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. RESULT In the univariate logistic regression model, there was significant association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and thickened CIMT (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.60-2.36; ptrend < 0.05). After adjusting for potential covariates, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio remained significantly associated with thickened CIMT (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.41-2.34, ptrend < 0.001; ≥3.05 v.s. <3.05, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.37-2.02). In subgroup analyses, the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and thickened CIMT remained significant in the subgroups stratified by sex, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hypertension, and fatty liver disease but only remained significant in the subgroups of ≥45 years (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.46-2.76; Ptrend<0.05), BMI ≥24 (kg/m2) (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.63-3.03; Ptrend < 0.05) and BMI ≥25 (kg/m2) (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.76-3.54; Ptrend < 0.05), dyslipidemia (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.83-5,85; Ptrend < 0.001), and without periodontitis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.54-2.81 ; Ptrend < 0.05) comparing Q4 to Q1. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analyses for LDL-C/HDL-C ratio ≥3.05 v.s. <3.05 except for the age stratification. CONCLUSION High LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could significantly increase the risk of thickened CIMT independent of gender, IFG, hypertension, and fatty liver disease in general Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhucheng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Chen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Koutaki D, Michos A, Bacopoulou F, Charmandari E. The Emerging Role of Sfrp5 and Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Obesity: Implications for a Healthy Diet and Lifestyle. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072459. [PMID: 34371968 PMCID: PMC8308727 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide among all age groups. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation and chronic low-grade inflammation. The adipose tissue functions as a metabolically active endocrine organ secreting adipokines. A novel duo of adipokines, the anti-inflammatory secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) and the proinflammatory wingless type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member 5A (Wnt5a), signal via the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Recent evidence suggests that Sfpr5 and Wnt5a play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic complications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the novel regulatory system of anti-inflammatory Sfrp5 and pro-inflammatory Wnt5a, and their relation to obesity and obesity-related complications. Future studies are required to investigate the potential role of Sfrp5 and Wnt5a as biomarkers for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. These adipokines may also serve as novel therapeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamanto Koutaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Michos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-213-2013-384
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Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34121-34153. [PMID: 33963999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have diverse physiopathological mechanisms with interconnected oxidative stress and inflammation as one of the common etiologies which result in the onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we illustrate this strong crosstalk between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVD. Also, mitochondrial functions underlying this crosstalk, and various approaches for the prevention of redox/inflammatory biological impacts will be illustrated. In part, we focus on the laboratory biomarkers and physiological tests for the evaluation of oxidative stress status and inflammatory processes. The impact of a healthy lifestyle on CVD onset and development is displayed as well. Furthermore, the differences in oxidative stress and inflammation are related to genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and the variability in the assessment of CVDs risk between individuals; Omics technologies for measuring oxidative stress and inflammation will be explored. Finally, we display the oxidative stress-related microRNA and the functions of the redox basis of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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121
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Kravchun PG, Kadykova OI, Herasymchuk US. Adipokines in patients with hypertensive disease with obesity in the dynamics of combined antihypertensive therapy. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disease today is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, as well as the most common disease associated with obesity. Evaluation of the level of adipokines, namely adiponutrin and galanin, depending on the degree and duration of hypertension, the degree of obesity and their correction against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy is relevant for further understanding of this comorbidity and improvement of the early diagnostics. 127 people were examined, including 107 patients with hypertension of degree 1–3 and 20 healthy persons. Of the patients included in the study, the adiponutrin and the galanin levels were determined in 58 patients, out of which 22 were prescribed different regimens of combined antihypertensive therapy. To determine the level of adiponutrin and galanin, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. A significant increase was found in the blood serum of the examined adipokines in comparison with the control group: the galanin level was 4.8 times higher than in the control group, the adiponutrin level in patients with this comorbid pathology was 3.3 times higher than that in the control group. The galanin level is most pronounced in patients with hypertension of degree 3 and obesity of degree 3, which is confirmed by the presence of a direct correlation with systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The adiponutrin level in the blood serum increased correspondingly to the increase in body mass index: in patients with obesity of degree 3 it was 15.8 times higher than this indicator in patients with normal body weight, 8.8 times higher than in patients with overweight, 6.1 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 1 and 2.5 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 2. The levels of the studied adipokines in patients differed also relative to the duration of hypertension. There was a 1.8-, 5.1-, 5.2-fold increase (respectively, ≤5, 6–10, >10 years) of the galanin content in the blood serum compared to the control group. Also an increase of the serum adiponutrin level was noted in comparison with the control group. Against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy, we observed favourable dynamics of galanin and adiponutrin. It is important to conduct further studies to assess the activity of galanin and adiponutrin with a longer follow-up period in wider populations.
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Griggs JJ, Bohlke K, Balaban EP, Dignam JJ, Hall ET, Harvey RD, Hecht DP, Klute KA, Morrison VA, Pini TM, Rosner GL, Runowicz CD, Shayne M, Sparreboom A, Turner S, Zarwan C, Lyman GH. Appropriate Systemic Therapy Dosing for Obese Adult Patients With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2037-2048. [PMID: 33939491 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide recommendations for appropriate dosing of systemic antineoplastic agents in obese adults with cancer. METHODS A systematic review of the literature collected evidence regarding dosing of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies in obese adults with cancer. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, or cohort studies published from November 1, 2010, through March 27, 2020. ASCO convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. RESULTS Sixty studies, primarily retrospective, were included in the review. Overall, the evidence supported previous findings that obese adult patients tolerate full, body-size-based dosing of chemotherapy as well as nonobese patients. Fewer studies have addressed the dosing of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in relation to safety and efficacy in obese patients. RECOMMENDATIONS The Panel continues to recommend that full, weight-based cytotoxic chemotherapy doses be used to treat obese adults with cancer. New to this version of the guideline, the Panel also recommends that full, approved doses of immunotherapy and targeted therapies be offered to obese adults with cancer. In the event of toxicity, the consensus of the Panel is that dose modifications of systemic antineoplastic therapies should be handled similarly for obese and nonobese patients. Important areas for future research include the impact of sarcopenia and other measures of body composition on optimal antineoplastic dosing, and more customized dosing based on pharmacokinetic or pharmacogenetic factors.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Bohlke
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | - Evan T Hall
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Diane P Hecht
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Vicki A Morrison
- University of Minnesota Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Carolyn D Runowicz
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary H Lyman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Cristi-Montero C, Courel-Ibáñez J, Ortega FB, Castro-Piñero J, Santaliestra-Pasias A, Polito A, Vanhelst J, Marcos A, Moreno LM, Ruiz JR. Mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk in European adolescents: The HELENA study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:360-367. [PMID: 33993922 PMCID: PMC8167318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores (CMRs) in European adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in adolescents (n = 525; 46% boys; 14.1 ± 1.1 years old, mean ± SD) from 10 European cities involved in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study. CRF was measured by means of the shuttle run test, while fatness measures included body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio, and fat mass index estimated from skinfold thicknesses. A clustered CMRs was computed by summing the standardized values of homeostasis model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and leptin. RESULTS Linear regression models indicated that CRF acted as an important and partial mediator in the association between fatness and CMRs in 12-17-year-old adolescents (for BMI: coefficients of the indirect role β = 0.058 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.023-0.101), Sobel test z = 3.11 (10.0% mediation); for waist to height ratio: β = 4.279 (95%CI: 2.242-7.059), z =3.86 (11.5% mediation); and for fat mass index: β = 0.060 (95%CI: 0.020-0.106), z = 2.85 (9.4% mediation); all p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In adolescents, the association between fatness and CMRs could be partially decreased with improvements to fitness levels; therefore, CRF contribution both in the clinical field and public health could be important to consider and promote in adolescents independently of their fatness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2530388, Chile.
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia 30071, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18001, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real 11003, Spain
| | - Alba Santaliestra-Pasias
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50001, Spain; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Zaragoza 50001, Spain
| | - Angela Polito
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome 80070, Italy
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University of Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid E-28040 Spain
| | - Luis M Moreno
- Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50001, Spain; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Zaragoza 50001, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18001, Spain
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Graff RM, Jennings K, Davies NA, Carrillo AE, Lavoy EC, Ryan EJ, Markofski MM. A Short-Term Paleolithic Dietary Intervention Does Not Alter Adipokines Linked to Adiposity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2021; 14:113-122. [PMID: 34055149 PMCID: PMC8136607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Paleolithic diet, characterized by an emphasis on hunter-gatherer type foods accompanied by an exclusion of grains, dairy products, and highly processed food items, is often promoted for weight loss and a reduction in cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Specific adipokines, such as adiponectin, omentin, nesfatin, and vaspin are reported to be dysregulated with obesity and may respond favorably to diet-induced fat loss. We aimed to evaluate the effects of an eight-week Paleolithic dietary intervention on circulating adiponectin, omentin, nesfatin, and vaspin in a cohort of physically inactive, but otherwise healthy adults. METHODS Seven inactive adults participated in eight weeks of adherence to the Paleolithic Diet. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric, and body composition data were collected from each participant pre-and post-intervention. Serum adiponectin, omentin, nesfatin, and vaspin were measured. RESULTS After eight weeks of following the Paleolithic diet, there were reductions (p<0.05) in relative body fat (-4.4%), waist circumference (- 5.9 cm), and sum of skinfolds (-36.8 mm). No changes were observed in waist to hip ratio (WHR), or in adiponectin, omentin, and nesfatin (p>0.05), while serum vaspin levels for all participants were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that although eight weeks resulted in modest body composition changes, short-term fat loss will not induce changes in adiponectin, omentin, and nesfatin in apparently healthy adults. Larger, long-term intervention studies that examine Paleolithic diet-induced changes across sex, body composition, and in populations with metabolic dysregulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Graff
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie A Davies
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GREECE
| | - Emily C Lavoy
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Ryan
- Department of Movement Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melissa M Markofski
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Štolbová K, Novodvorský P, Jakubíková I, Dvořáková I, Mráz M, Wichterle D, Kautzner J, Haluzík M. Effect of Complex Weight-Reducing Interventions on Rhythm Control in Obese Individuals with Atrial Fibrillation Following Catheter Ablation: A Study Protocol. Adv Ther 2021; 38:2007-2016. [PMID: 33710588 PMCID: PMC7953371 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Reduction of body weight has been documented to reduce the risk of AF. Little is known about the effect of different weight-reducing interventions including bariatric surgery in obese individuals on the risk of arrhythmia recurrence following catheter ablation (CA) for AF, and about the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these two conditions. Methods The Effect of complex weigHt-reducing interventiOns on rhythm control in oBese subjects wITh Atrial Fibrillation (HOBIT-AF) is a single-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial with 18-month follow-up to assess the effect of complex weight-reducing interventions supported by the use of smart technologies and bariatric surgery on the arrhythmia burden in obese individuals following CA for AF. One hundred and sixty individuals (age 18–70 years, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) will be randomised in a 1:1 fashion to undergo a structured weight reduction programme and sleeve gastrectomy (when indicated and preferred by the patient) aiming to achieve greater than 10% weight reduction from baseline (intervention group) or standard post-ablation medical care (control group). Two-week continuous ECG monitoring will be used 3 and 18 months after CA to assess the arrhythmia burden. Other investigations will include transthoracic echocardiography with quantification of epicardial adipose tissue, and markers of low-grade inflammation and circulating adipokines. Planned Outcomes The main objective is to assess the effect of complex weight-reducing interventions on the arrhythmia burden and quality of life. Subgroup analyses to identify patient subgroups preferentially benefiting from weight loss related to a decrease in arrhythmia burden will be performed. Exploratory objectives will include investigation of potential mechanisms linking weight reduction with amelioration of arrhythmia burden such as changes in markers of low-grade inflammation, circulating adipokines, cytokines, monocytes or reduction of epicardial adipose tissue volume. Trial Registration NCT04560387
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Štolbová
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Novodvorský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iva Jakubíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Dvořáková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Wichterle
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Vídeňská 1958, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Cândido APC, Geloneze B, Calixto A, Vasques ACJ, Freitas RN, Freitas SN, Machado-Coelho GLL. Adiponectin, HOMA-Adiponectin, HOMA-IR in Children and Adolescents: Ouro Preto Study. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:336-344. [PMID: 32945992 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association and predictive capacity of adiponectin levels, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR indexes with metabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 691 children and adolescents (7-14 y), of both sexes. Demographic (sex, age), anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat), biochemical [total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, fasting glycemia, insulin and adiponectin] and clinical parameters (arterial blood pressure) were analyzed. RESULTS In multiple linear regression models, metabolic risk were analyzed in relation to adiponectin levels, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR. ROC curve analysis was used to define the cut-off for metabolic syndrome for each method studied. Adiponectin level was inversely correlated with weight (r = -0.12; p = 0.01), waist circumference (WC) (r = -0.12; p = 0.01), and triglycerides (r = -0.11; p = 0.02); it was directly correlated with HDL (r = 0.10; p = 0.03) only in the adolescents. In the final linear regression model, after adjustment, only triglycerides (p = 0.03) and HDL (p = 0.04) remained significant. However, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR were associated with metabolic risk and were the most suitable methods for metabolic syndrome screening in both age groups. For children, independent variables explained 16.0% and 14.5% of HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR, respectively. For adolescents, R2 was higher in HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR models (R2adjusted = 31.9% and R2adjusted = 29.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR are better explained by metabolic markers than adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P C Cândido
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, CEP: 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - B Geloneze
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes (LIMED), Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A Calixto
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes (LIMED), Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A C J Vasques
- Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes (LIMED), Gastrocentro, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R N Freitas
- Department of Social and Clinical Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - S N Freitas
- Department of Social and Clinical Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - G L L Machado-Coelho
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Medical School, Federal University de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Lepedda AJ, Nieddu G, Piperigkou Z, Kyriakopoulou K, Karamanos N, Formato M. Circulating Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Biomarkers in Health and Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:295-307. [PMID: 33794553 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play key roles in regulating cell behavior, cell signaling, and cell matrix interactions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Their soluble forms from glycocalyx shedding are not merely waste products, but, rather, bioactive molecules, detectable in serum, which may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In addition, as in the case of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma, they may be specifically expressed by pathological tissue, representing promising targets for immunotherapy. The primary goal of this comprehensive review is to critically survey the main findings of the clinical data from the last 20 years and provide readers with an overall picture of the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating HSPGs. Moreover, issues related to the involvement of HSPGs in various pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, diabetes and obesity, kidney disease, cancer, trauma, sepsis, but also multiple sclerosis, preeclampsia, pathologies requiring surgery, pulmonary disease, and others will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kyriakopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Marilena Formato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Wu O, Leng JH, Yang FF, Zhang H, Zhang XY, Li JJ, Lu X. The paradox of the role of resistin in early-onset obesity hypertension: A comparative study among four Chinese adult subgroups. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:385-391. [PMID: 33749466 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1883049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the role of resistin in the onset and development of obesity-related hypertension.Methods: Resistin serum levels were tested by ELISA in 153 adult subjects among four characteristic Chinese adult physical examination groups. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SB), diastolic blood pressure (DB), and other clinical laboratory data were collected. Following, correlations between research index and differences between groups were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Serum resistin levels statistically significantly negatively correlated with SB, DB and BMI, but statistically significantly positively correlated with serum creatinine (SCR) and serum albumin (ALB), even after adjustment for age and/or gender. The serum level of resistin in the normal healthy subject group (NH) was higher than in other groups.Conclusions: Resistin's role in the onset of obesity-related hypertension may be more important than what has been previously assumed. More pathway substances in the early onset of obesity-related hypertension should be tested.Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; GGT, Gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALB, Albumin; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; LDL, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; HDLC, High density lipoprotein cholesterol; FA Fructosamine; SCR, serum creatinine; IB, Indirect bilirubin; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; CB, Conjugated bilirubin; UREA, Urea; Ua, Uric acid; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, Total cholesterol; TB, Total bilirubin; TP, Total protein; TC/HDLC, TC/HDLC ratio; SB, systolic blood pressure; DB, diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fen Fang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yu Zhang
- Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jia Jia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Li H, Xia N. The Interplay Between Adipose Tissue and Vasculature: Role of Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650214. [PMID: 33748199 PMCID: PMC7969519 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome are well-established risk factors for CVDs. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological role of adipose tissues is of great importance in maintaining cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress, characterized by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, is a common cellular stress shared by obesity and CVDs. While plenty of literatures have illustrated the vascular oxidative stress, very few have discussed the impact of oxidative stress in adipose tissues. Adipose tissues can communicate with vascular systems, in an endocrine and paracrine manner, through secreting several adipocytokines, which is largely dysregulated in obesity. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress in obesity and vascular endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we briefly describe the possible causes of oxidative stress in obesity, and the impact of obesity-induced oxidative stress on adipose tissue function. We also summarize the crosstalk between adipose tissue and vasculature mediated by adipocytokines in vascular oxidative stress. In addition, we highlight the potential target mediating adipose tissue oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Fernandes Vileigas D, Cicogna AC. Effects of obesity on the cardiac proteome. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Stadler JT, Lackner S, Mörkl S, Trakaki A, Scharnagl H, Borenich A, Wonisch W, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Meier-Allard N, Holasek SJ, Marsche G. Obesity Affects HDL Metabolism, Composition and Subclass Distribution. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030242. [PMID: 33673728 PMCID: PMC7997277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease, partly due to its strong association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Functional impairment of HDL may contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality, but the effect of obesity on composition, structure, and function of HDL is not well understood. Design and Methods: We determined HDL composition, HDL subclass distribution, parameters of HDL function, and activities of most important enzymes involved in lipoprotein remodeling, including lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in relatively young normal weight (n = 26), overweight (n = 22), and obese (n = 20) women. Results: Obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) was associated with noticeable changes in LCAT and CETP activities and altered HDL composition, such as decreased apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol, and phospholipid content, while pro-inflammatory HDL serum amyloid a content was increased. We observed a marked shift towards smaller HDL subclasses in obesity linked to lower anti-oxidative capacity of serum. LCAT activity, HDL subclass distribution, and HDL-cholesterol were associated with soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, and liver enzyme activities. Of note, most of these alterations were only seen in obese women but not in overweight women. Conclusions: Obesity markedly affects HDL metabolism, composition, and subclass distribution linked to changes in liver and adipose tissue. HDL dysfunction may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Athina Trakaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Andrea Borenich
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sandra J. Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-741-28 (G.M.)
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-741-28 (G.M.)
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132
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Huang Z, Xu A. Adipose Extracellular Vesicles in Intercellular and Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Metabolic Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:608680. [PMID: 33717092 PMCID: PMC7946830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly heterogeneous and dynamic organ that plays important roles in regulating energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In addition to its classical roles in nutrient sensing and energy storage/dissipation, AT secretes a large number of bioactive molecules (termed adipokines) participating in immune responses and metabolic regulation through their paracrine and/or endocrine actions. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs), including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies, have recently emerged as a novel class of signal messengers, mediating intercellular communications and inter-organ crosstalk. In AT, ADEVs derived from adipocytes, immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells are actively involved in modulation of immune microenvironment, adipogenesis, browing of white adipose tissue, adipokine release and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, ADEVs exert their metabolic actions in distal organs (such as liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and brain) by sending genetic information (mainly in the form of microRNAs) to their target cells for regulation of gene expression. Here, we provide an updated summary on the nature and composition of ADEVs, and their pathophysiological functions in regulating immune responses, whole-body insulin sensitivity and metabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the latest clinical evidence supporting aberrant production and/or function of ADEVs as a contributor to obesity-related chronic inflammation and metabolic complications and discuss the opportunities and challenges in developing novel therapies by targeting ADEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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133
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Schneiders LDB, Brand C, Borfe L, Gaya AR, Brazo-Sayavera J, Renner JDP, Reuter CP. A Multicomponent Intervention Program With Overweight and Obese Adolescents Improves Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Not Insulin Biomarkers. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:621055. [PMID: 33693430 PMCID: PMC7937702 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.621055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention with overweight/obese adolescents on physical fitness, body composition, and insulin biomarkers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 37 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes, overweight and obese, allocated in two groups (Intervention—IG Group, n = 17; Control—GC Group, n = 20). The IGs were submitted to a multicomponent intervention for 6 months (three weekly sessions) consisting of physical exercises (sports, functional circuit, recreational, and water activities) and nutritional and psychological guidance. Participants were assessed before and after intervention on body composition [body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], physical fitness [cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and abdominal strength], and biomarkers of insulin (glucose, insulin, evaluation of the homeostasis model of insulin, and resistin resistance). The prevalence of responders in both groups was obtained according to the theoretical model applied in previous studies similar to this one to determine the cutoff points for response to intervention. Poisson regression was used to verify the difference in the prevalence ratio (PR) of the interviewees between the groups. Results: The responders' prevalence between groups CG and IG showed significant differences for body fat (CG = 30.0%; IG = 70.6%; PR = 1.396; p < 0.001), WHR (CG = 30.0%; IG = 76.5%; PR = 1.730; p < 0.001), and CRF (CG = 15.0%; IG = 52.5%; PR = 1.580; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A 6-month multicomponent intervention program improved certain body composition parameters and the CRF of overweight and obese adolescents but did not improve insulin biomarkers. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials under Protocol ID: 54985316.0.0000.5343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Borba Schneiders
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leticia Borfe
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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134
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Du Z, Li J, Huang J, Ma J, Xu X, Zou R, Xu X. Executive Functions in Predicting Weight Loss and Obesity Indicators: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 11:604113. [PMID: 33584440 PMCID: PMC7876286 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous studies have suggested that there exists a relationship between obesity and executive function (EF), the mechanisms and causal relationship between them remain unclear. There are important clinical implications of determining whether EF can predict and treat obesity. We conducted a multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies. Specifically, we investigate (a) whether EF interventions have an effect on weight loss, (b) whether baseline EF can be a predictor of future weight loss through obesity intervention, and (c) whether early-life EF can predict future weight loss. Eight RCTs and 17 longitudinal studies with a total of 11,393 participants were identified. We found that (a) EF interventions may not have an effect on weight loss, (b) baseline inhibition (β = 0.259, p = 0.03) and delay discounting (β = −0.17, p = 0.04) significantly predict future weight loss through obesity intervention, (c) age (F = 13.666, p = 0.005) moderates the relationship between working memory and weight loss through intervention, but not weight status, type of intervention, and percentage of female, and (d) early life inhibition (β = 0.185, p = 0.07) is a marginally significant predictor of future weight loss. Our results seem to support the assumption that the relationship between EF and obesity is not direct, and a higher-order factor, such as genes, may link obesity and EF. Building on the preliminary findings, further studies focusing on EF and obesity are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Du
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaai Huang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zou
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sport University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Xu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sport University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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135
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Peripheral Blood miRome Identified miR-155 as Potential Biomarker of MetS and Cardiometabolic Risk in Obese Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031468. [PMID: 33540559 PMCID: PMC7867145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored circulating miRNAs and target genes associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk in obese patients. Small-RNA sequencing was used to assess the peripheral blood miRNome of 12 obese subjects (6 MetS and 6 non-MetS). Differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes were further analyzed by qPCR in a larger sample of obese patients (48 MetS and 32 non-MetS). miRNA:mRNA interactions were studied using in silico tools. miRNome analysis identified 10 downregulated miRNAs in MetS compared to non-Met patients (p < 0.05). In silico studies revealed three miRNAs (miR-155, miR-181a, and let-7a) and their predictive targets (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta-CEBPB, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase-KRAS and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-SOCS1) with a potential role in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. miR-155 expression was reduced and CEBPB mRNA levels were increased in MetS patients (p < 0.05), and these effects were correlated with the number of MetS diagnostic criteria (p < 0.05). Increased HOMA-IR (>7.6) was associated with low miR-155 levels, high CEBPB expression, and serum hsCRP (p < 0.05). miR-155 was negatively correlated with CEBPB, HOMA-IR, and plasma fibrinogen, and positively correlated with serum adiponectin (p < 0.05). Downregulation of circulating miR-155 is associated with insulin resistance, poor glycemic control, and increased MetS-related cardiometabolic risk, and these effects are potentially mediated by interaction with CEBPB.
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136
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Yang H, Pan R, Wang J, Zheng L, Li Z, Guo Q, Wang C. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and Liver Transcriptome by Red Yeast Rice and Monascus Pigment Fermented by Purple Monascus SHM1105 in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599760. [PMID: 33551805 PMCID: PMC7859525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia can easily cause atherosclerosis and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Red yeast rice (RYR) contains a variety of active ingredients and is commonly used as medicine and food, and has pharmacological effects such as lowering blood lipids. In this study, we select Monascus strain SHM1105 with a high yield of Monacolin K and monascus pigment (PIG), and studied the effects of the RYR and PIG fermented by this strain on blood lipids, intestinal flora, and liver transcriptome in hyperlipidemia model rats. The experimental results show that, compared with the high-fat model group, the weight growth rate, liver weight ratio, kidney weight ratio, spleen weight ratio, and fat weight ratio of rats in the gavage lovastatin (LOV), RYR, and PIG group were all significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Intervention with RYR and PIG can significantly reduce the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, which has the effect of lowering blood lipids. The 16SrDNA sequencing results showed that the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) after the intervention of LOV, RYR, and PIG; the abundance of the ratio of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Bacteroidales-S24-7-group also changed. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome showed that lovastatin, RYR, and PIG can all improve lipid metabolism in rats by regulating Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Glycerolipid metabolism, and the Arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, RYR and PIG also have a unique way of regulating blood lipids. Although a lot of research on the lipid-lowering components of Monascus rice and the single pigment component of Monascus has been carried out, the actual application is RYR and pigments as mixtures, as a mixture of RYR and PIG contains a variety of biologically active ingredients, and each component may have a synergistic effect. Hence it has a lipid-lowering mechanism that lovastatin does not have. Therefore, RYR and PIG are effective in reducing lipid potential development and can be utilized in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghua Pan
- Zhejiang Sanhe Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Zhenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Changlu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Liu H, Jia W, Tang Y, Zhang W, Qi J, Yan J, Ding W, Cao H, Liang G, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Zhang Y. Inhibition of MyD88 by LM8 Attenuates Obesity-Induced Cardiac Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:63-70. [PMID: 32398475 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced cardiomyopathy involves chronic and sustained inflammation. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway can associate innate immunity with obesity. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), an indispensable downstream adaptor molecule of TLR4, has been reported to mediate obesity complications. However, whether inhibition of MyD88 can mitigate obesity-induced heart injury remains unclear. LM8, a new MyD88 inhibitor, exhibits prominent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. In this study, the protective effects of LM8 on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced heart injury were assessed in a mouse model of obesity. As suggested from the achieved results, LM8 treatment alleviated HFD-induced pathological and functional damages of the heart in mice. Meantime, the treatment of mice with LM8 could significantly inhibit myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammatory cytokines expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by HFD. Besides, LM8 administration inhibited the formation of MyD88/TLR4 complex, phosphorylation of ERK, and activation of nuclear factor-κB induced by HFD. According to the achieved results, MyD88 inhibitor LM8 ameliorated obesity-induced heart injury by inhibiting MyD88-ERK/nuclear factor-κB dependent cardiac inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, targeting MyD88 might be a candidate of a therapeutic method to treat obesity-induced heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Yihui Biotechnology Company Limited, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Jia
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yelin Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Qi
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jueqian Yan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenting Ding
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huixin Cao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaisheng Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Yihui Biotechnology Company Limited, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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138
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Ranjbar Kohan N, Tabandeh MR, Nazifi S, Soleimani Z. L-carnitine improves metabolic disorders and regulates apelin and apelin receptor genes expression in adipose tissue in diabetic rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14641. [PMID: 33278072 PMCID: PMC7718837 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin is a new adipocytokine that acts as an endogenous hormone in various tissues through its receptor (APJ). This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of L-carnitine (LC) on the expression of Apelin and APJ in adipose tissue of experimentally induced insulin-resistant and type 2 diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 60 male rats fed with high fat/high carbohydrate (HF/HC) diet. After 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and confirmation of diabetes (FBS higher than 126 mg/dl), the animals were daily treated with 300 mg/kg LC for 28 days. At days 7, 14, and 28 of posttreatment, the expression of apelin and APJ in adipose tissue were determined using qPCR in diabetic, diabetic + LC treated, control, and control + LC treated groups. Apelin, insulin, TNF-α, and IL1-β were measured by the ELISA method. Results demonstrated that the rats fed with the HF/HC diet for 5 weeks were hyperinsulinemic and normoglycemic, while after STZ injection, they showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Apelin serum level, APJ and apelin gene expression in adipose tissue increased significantly with the development of diabetes compared to the control group. Treatment with LC for 14 days caused a reduction in apelin and APJ expressions in adipose tissue of diabetic rats. TNF-α and IL1-β levels were reduced in diabetic rats 14 days after their treatment with LC. The study results show that L-carnitine could act as a new regulator in apelin gene expression in adipose tissue, improving the metabolic disorders in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ranjbar Kohan
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Soleimani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wang Y, Zheng X, Xie X, Qian W, Ren Z, Chen Y, Wu X, Liao K, Ren W. Body fat distribution and circulating adipsin are related to metabolic risks in adult patients with newly diagnosed growth hormone deficiency and improve after treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110875. [PMID: 33254428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships between body fat distribution, the adipokine adipsin and metabolic risks were assessed in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) before and after growth hormone (GH) treatment. METHODS Sixty newly diagnosed AGHD patients were included in our study, 24 of whom were evaluated after at least one year of GH treatment. Anthropometric parameters, glucolipid metabolism and the adipokine adipsin were measured. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and body composition were evaluated using a dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry (DXA) scanner. RESULTS At baseline, the higher VAT group had worse glucolipid metabolism parameters. Basal GH was negatively associated with VAT (r=-0.277, p = 0.045), while minimal correlations were found with fat mass depots, such as limbs and trunk fat (all p > 0.05). Adipsin was correlated with total body fat (r = 0.543, p < 0.001), VAT (r = 0.563, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (r = 0.353, p = 0.006). The effect of GH administration on fat distribution was mainly reflected in the reduction in VAT. Partial improvements were found in lipid profiles, including increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreases in triglycerides (TGs) and lipoprotein(a), while glucose metabolism showed little change. The adipsin level also decreased significantly. The best predictors of VAT at baseline were trunk fat and IGF-I, and after treatment, VAT was predicted by decreased adipsin and an increase in lean mass. CONCLUSIONS (1) VAT is an important metabolic risk factor for AGHD patients. (2) GH treatment decreased body fat predominantly in the visceral and central fat depots. (3) The lipid profiles partially improved after treatment, while glucose metabolism showed little change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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140
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The focus of this review is to discuss obesity, physical activity (and physical inactivity/sedentary behavior), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their often interrelated health implications. The authors summarize the pathophysiological changes associated with obesity, which lead to the development of CVD, recommendations for interventions such as diet, increased physical activity, and weight loss according to current literature and guidelines, and the critical importance of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials continue to demonstrate improved outcomes among overweight or obese individuals who achieve a healthy weight using various methods. Increasing CRF levels appears to demonstrate the largest health improvements, regardless of underlying comorbidities or achieving weight loss. CRF, which is perhaps the single most important predictor of overall health, seems more important than weight loss alone regarding improved CVD outcomes in the obese population. These findings are reproduced in studies involving patients with various forms of CVD and CVD risk factors. The importance of CRF is well established; future endeavors to establish specific CRF targets for various patient cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Elagizi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA, 70121-2483, USA
| | - Sergey Kachur
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA, 70121-2483, USA
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA, 70121-2483, USA.
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Ward LJ, Nilsson S, Hammar M, Lindh-Åstrand L, Berin E, Lindblom H, Spetz Holm AC, Rubér M, Li W. Resistance training decreases plasma levels of adipokines in postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19837. [PMID: 33199796 PMCID: PMC7669850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and the onset of menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease amongst postmenopausal women. We aim to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on plasma levels of selected cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. This was a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of RT on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Women were randomised to join a 15-week RT program (n = 26) or remain sedentary as control (n = 29). Venous blood samples were taken at week-0 and week-15 for all participants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiple bead assays were used to measure cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in plasma. Plasma measurements of 16 of 33 analytes were within detectable limits. After adjusting for good compliance in the RT group (58% of RT participants), after 15 weeks, significantly lower plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001), lipocalin-2 (p < 0.01) and resistin (p = 0.04) were found. Comparing control and RT women, using change-over-time values, significant increases in median testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were seen in RT women. RT intervention lowers the levels of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. These results were secondary outcomes of a clinical trial, and further investigations in a larger cohort are essential with the additional control of diet control and body composition analyses. Nevertheless, our study shows RT may be a beneficial intervention in reducing inflammation amongst postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sigrid Nilsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Hammar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lotta Lindh-Åstrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emilia Berin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Clara Spetz Holm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Rubér
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Mariani S, Di Giorgio MR, Rossi E, Tozzi R, Contini S, Bauleo L, Cipriani F, Toscano R, Basciani S, Barbaro G, Watanabe M, Valenti A, Cotugno A, Ancona C, Lubrano C, Gnessi L. Blood SIRT1 Shows a Coherent Association with Leptin and Adiponectin in Relation to the Degree and Distribution of Adiposity: A Study in Obesity, Normal Weight and Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113506. [PMID: 33202604 PMCID: PMC7696683 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a sensor of cell energy availability, and with leptin and adiponectin, it regulates metabolic homeostasis. Widely studied in tissues, SIRT1 is under evaluation as a plasmatic marker. We aimed at assessing whether circulating SIRT1 behaves consistently with leptin and adiponectin in conditions of deficiency, excess or normal fat content. Eighty subjects were evaluated: 27 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 26 normal-weight and 27 with obesity. Bloodstream SIRT1, leptin and adiponectin (ELISA), total and trunk fat mass (FM) %, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, liver steatosis and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) were assessed. For each fat store, the coefficient of determination (R2) was used to evaluate the prediction capability of SIRT1, leptin and adiponectin. Plasma SIRT1 and adiponectin coherently decreased with the increase of FM, while the opposite occurred with leptin. Mean levels of each analyte were different between groups (p < 0.005). A significant association between plasma variables and FM depots was observed. SIRT1 showed a good predictive strength for FM, particularly in the obesity group, where the best R2 was recorded for EFT (R2 = 0.7). Blood SIRT1, adiponectin and leptin behave coherently with FM and there is synchrony between them. The association of SIRT1 with FM is substantially superimposable to that of adiponectin and leptin. Given its homeostatic roles, SIRT1 may deserve to be considered as a plasma clinical/biochemical parameter of adiposity and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-499-70509
| | - Maria Rosaria Di Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Erica Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Rossella Tozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Savina Contini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Lisa Bauleo
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, 00147 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (C.A.)
| | - Fiammetta Cipriani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Raffaella Toscano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Barbaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Agostino Valenti
- Internal Medicine, Santo Spirito in Sassia Hospital, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Armando Cotugno
- Department of Mental Health, UOSD eating behavior disorders, Padiglione I, Comprensorio S. Maria della Pietà, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, 00147 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (C.A.)
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; (M.R.D.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (F.C.); (R.T.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
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143
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Farkhondeh T, Llorens S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Shakibaei M, Samarghandian S. An Overview of the Role of Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5218. [PMID: 33182462 PMCID: PMC7665135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leads to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and a shortening of life span. The changes in heart structure and function as well as metabolic profile are caused by obese people, including those free of metabolic disorders. Obesity alters heart function structure and affects lipid and glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and increase inflammatory cytokines. Adipokines, specific cytokines of adipocytes, are involved in the progression of obesity and the associated co-morbidities. In the current study, we review the scientific evidence on the effects of obesity on CVDs, focusing on the changes in adipokines. Several adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects comprising omentin, apelin, adiponectin, and secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp-5). Other adipokines have pro-inflammatory impacts on the cardiovascular system and obesity including leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), retinol-binding protein4 (RBP-4), visfatin, resistin, and osteopontin. We found that obesity is associated with multiple CVDs, but can only occur in unhealthy metabolic patients. However, more studies should be designed to clarify the association between obesity, adipokine changes, and the occurrence of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
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144
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Lan Y, Sun W, Chen Y, Miao J, Li G, Qiu X, Song X, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Fan Y, Zhu S. Nomogram Including Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for the Prediction of Stroke-Associated Infections. Front Neurol 2020; 11:574280. [PMID: 33224089 PMCID: PMC7667237 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.574280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke has been a leading cause of mortality in China. Stroke-associated infections (SAI) are common complications, occurring in 5–65% of stroke patients. Faced with SAI, clinicians often are placed in a considerable dilemma. On the one hand, preventive overuse of antibiotics will lead to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. On the other hand, treatment delay of the infection will likely result in a poor outcome. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the early predictors of post-stroke infection to screen patients with high infection risk for early clinical intervention, thereby promoting and improving survival rates. We assessed 257 patients with acute ischemic stroke from a consecutive retrospective cohort. Data of these patients were obtained from three hospitals (TongJi Hospital and its two branches) between August 2018 and June 2019. Of these patients, 59 (23.0%) developed SAI. SAI was defined according to the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. There were 38 patients (64.4%) who developed pneumonia, 11 with urinary tract infections (18.6%), and 10 with other infections (16.9%). We found that a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.33; P = 0.034), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (aOR = 1.18; CI, 1.09–1.27; p < 0.001), and dysphagia (aOR = 2.95; CI, 1.40–6.22; P = 0.004) were risk factors for SAI. Of note, hypertriglyceridemia (aOR = 0.35; CI, 0.13–0.90; P = 0.029) was a protective factor, lowering the risk of SAI. To this end, a reliable nomogram was constructed for the prediction of SAI in our study (mean C-index value ± standard deviation = 0.821 ± 0.03). It has the potential to be widely used and may help identify patients at high risk for SAI and make timely clinical decisions. Given our study was based on relatively small dataset, the results should be interpreted with care and external validation in independent datasets is very necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yebin Fan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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145
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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146
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Kim JG, Lee BJ, Jeong JK. Temporal Leptin to Determine Cardiovascular and Metabolic Fate throughout the Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113256. [PMID: 33114326 PMCID: PMC7690895 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin links peripheral adiposity and the central nervous system (CNS) to regulate cardiometabolic physiology. Within the CNS, leptin receptor-expressing cells are a counterpart to circulating leptin, and leptin receptor-mediated neural networks modulate the output of neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous activity to balance cardiometabolic homeostasis. Therefore, disrupted CNS leptin signaling is directly implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Independently, maternal leptin also plays a central role in the development and growth of the infant during gestation. Accumulating evidence points to the dynamic maternal leptin environment as a predictor of cardiometabolic fate in their offspring as it is directly associated with infant metabolic parameters at birth. In postnatal life, the degree of serum leptin is representative of the level of body adiposity/weight, a driving factor for cardiometabolic alterations, and therefore, the levels of blood leptin through the CNS mechanism, in a large part, are a strong determinant for future cardiometabolic fate. The current review focuses on highlighting and discussing recent updates for temporal dissection of leptin-associated programing of future cardiometabolic fate throughout the entire life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Institute for New Drug Development, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.K.J.); Tel.: +82-52-259-2351 (B.J.L.); +1-202-994-9815 (J.K.J.)
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.K.J.); Tel.: +82-52-259-2351 (B.J.L.); +1-202-994-9815 (J.K.J.)
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147
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Klingberg E, Björkman S, Eliasson B, Larsson I, Bilberg A. Weight loss is associated with sustained improvement of disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: a prospective intervention study with two years of follow-up. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:254. [PMID: 33092646 PMCID: PMC7583178 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is overrepresented in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and associated with increased disease activity. We have previously shown in 41 patients with PsA (Caspar criteria) and obesity (body mass index; BMI ≥33 kg/m2) that weight loss treatment with Very Low Energy Liquid Diet (VLED), 640 kcal/day during 12–16 weeks, followed by a structured reintroduction of an energy restricted diet resulted in a median weight loss of 18.6% and concomitantly a significant improvement of the disease activity in joints, entheses and skin. The objectives of this follow-up were to study the effects of the weight loss treatment on disease activity in longer term (12 and 24 months) and to study the effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The patients were assessed with 66/68 joints count, Leeds enthesitis index (LEI), body surface area, blood pressure, BMI, questionnaires and fasting blood samples at the 12- and 24-month visits. Results In total, 39 and 35 PsA patients attended the 12- and the 24-month visits, respectively. Median weight loss since baseline was 16.0% (IQR 10.5–22.4) and 7.4% (IQR 5.1–14.0) at the 12- and 24-months follow-up. The 66/68 swollen/tender joints score, LEI, CRP and HAQ score were still significantly reduced at the 12- and 24-month visits compared to baseline. The number of patients with Minimal Disease Activity increased from 28.2% (11/39) at baseline, to 38.5% (15/39; p = 0.008) and 45.7% (16/35; p = 0.016) at the 12- and 24-month visits. The weight loss was also associated with improved levels of serum lipids, glucose and urate and the antihypertensive treatment was reduced or stopped in five patients during the follow-up. Conclusions Weight loss treatment, with VLED included in the program, was associated with long-term improvement of measures of disease activity, self-reported function and markers of the metabolic syndrome after 24-months follow-up. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02917434, Registered September 28, 2016- Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Rheumatology at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna stråket 14, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Björkman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Eliasson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annelie Bilberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Health and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1403-1432. [PMID: 32556180 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.
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149
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Amanatullah DF, Ohanisian L, Bailony R. Medications Available for Weight Reduction in Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty. JBJS Rev 2020; 8:e0123. [PMID: 33006462 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.19.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Arthroplasty in patients with elevated body mass index results in increased rates of reoperation, instability, revision, and infection. Preoperative weight loss may reduce the complication rate associated with orthopaedic surgery. In addition to lifestyle modification, anti-obesity medications are available to help patients to reduce their preoperative weight. Currently, there are 6 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-obesity medications in the United States: phentermine, orlistat, phentermine with topiramate extended release (ER), lorcaserin, sustained release (SR) naltrexone with bupropion, and liraglutide. Anti-obesity medications potentially provide a new way to optimize patients before surgery and to ensure successful recovery postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek F Amanatullah
- 1Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, California 2Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 3Enara Health, San Mateo, California
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Amaral AR, Rentas MF, Macegoza MV, Zafalon RVA, Pedrinelli V, Mesquita LG, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Pfrimer K, Pedreira RS, Nowosh V, Pontieri CFF, Massoco CDO, Brunetto MA. Gene expression of the immunoinflammatory and immunological status of obese dogs before and after weight loss. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238638. [PMID: 32966299 PMCID: PMC7510989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a low degree of chronic inflammation state that, along with metabolic modifications, promotes important changes in the animal's organism. Adipose tissue actively participates in inflammation and immunity, and several defense cells of the organism may, therefore, be involved in the diversity found between obese and ideal weight individuals. Studies regarding this subject have shown immune cell changes in humans and rats, however, the literature is scarce in relation to dogs. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profile of immunoinflammatory response and the lymphoproliferation of obese dogs before and after weight loss. Eight female dogs, neutered, of different breeds, aged between 1 and 8 years (4.74±3.19), obese, with body condition score (BCS) of 9 out of a 9-point scale and body composition determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method were included. The obese dogs were enrolled in a weight loss program and after losing 20% of their initial weight became a second experimental group. A third experimental group consisted of eight female dogs, neutered, aged between 1 and 8 years (3.11±0.78) and with ideal BCS (5 out of a 9-point scale). Gene expression of immunoinflammatory cytokines (resistin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunity was assessed by lymphoproliferative response using the flow cytometry technique. The data that presented normal distribution was evaluated by analysis of variance by the PROC MIXED of the SAS and when differences were detected, these were compared by the Tukey test. Regarding the gene expression data, the procedure PROC GLIMMIX was adopted and the methodology of generalized linear model was used, in which the Gama distribution proved to be adequate. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. The mean weight loss period of the animals included in the study was 194.25 ± 28.31 days and the mean weekly weight loss rate was 1.02 ± 0.82%. The average fat mass, both in percentage (P<0.001) and in kilograms (P = 0.012), was higher in the obese group (40.88%; 8.91kg), returning to normal and without difference between the control group (19.16%; 3.01kg) and after weight loss (22.10%; 4.11kg). The weight loss program resulted in an increase in percentage of lean body mass (P = 0.001), 55.50% in obese animals vs 77.90% in obese dogs after weight loss, the latter with no difference when compared to the control group (80.84%). The obese group presented increased gene expression of resistin and IL-8 in relation to the weight loss group (P = 0.002). In adiponectin, the obese group presented increased mRNA gene expression when compared to the weight loss group (P = 0.003). The evaluation of lymphocyte proliferation showed differences between the group of obese animals before and after weight loss (P = 0.004). Weight loss resulted in an increase in the lymphoproliferation rate (18.48%) compared to obese dogs at the beginning of the study (10.71%). These results indicate that weight loss modulates the immunoinflammatory response of obese dogs and may present important benefits to health and longevity of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinícius Macegoza
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Garcia Mesquita
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Nowosh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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