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Bayandor P, Farajdokht F, Mohaddes G, Diba R, Hosseindoost M, Mehri K, Zavvari Oskuye Z, Babri S. The effect of troxerutin on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours in the offspring of high-fat diet fed dams. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:156-162. [PMID: 29482367 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1443142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the metabolic and behavioural effects of troxerutin treatment in the offspring of high fat diet (HFD) fed dams. Female Wistar rats (n = 40) received normal diet (ND) or HFD for 8 weeks prior to breeding. After mating, pregnant animals were assigned to four subgroups: ND, ND + Tro (troxerutin 150 mg/kg/day), HFD, and HFD + Tro. On the 21st day, male offspring were weaned and fed ND until 12 weeks old. Behavioural tests were performed on postnatal day (PND) 80 and 90. Compared to the controls, the HFD offspring showed more anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, higher blood glucose, cholesterol, and cortisol levels. On the other hand, chronic troxerutin administration during gestation restored metabolic and behavioural changes to normal. In summary, troxerutin improved anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as metabolic status in the offspring of the HFD fed dams. More studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Bayandor
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- b Neurosciences Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- b Neurosciences Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Roghayeh Diba
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseindoost
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Keyvan Mehri
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Zohreh Zavvari Oskuye
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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102
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Maternal Experience of Domestic Violence, Associations with Children's Lipid Biomarkers at 10 Years: Findings from MINIMat Study in Rural Bangladesh. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040910. [PMID: 31018615 PMCID: PMC6520974 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of maternal experience of Domestic Violence (DV) on their children’s cardio-metabolic risk factors are unclear. We aimed to assess if maternal exposure to any or a specific form of DV (i.e., physical, sexual, emotional and controlling behaviors) before and after childbirth was associated with their children’s lipid biomarkers at the age of 10 years. A current observational sub-study of a larger MINIMat trial included a cohort of 1167 mothers and their children. The conflict tactic scale was used to record women’s experience of lifetime DV before and after childbirth at week 30 of pregnancy and at a 10-year follow up, respectively. Five ml of fasting blood sample was collected from the children to evaluate their lipid profile. Children of women who experienced any DV before childbirth had lower Apo A (βadj −0.04; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01). Women who experienced physical DV both before and after childbirth had children with higher triglycerides (βadj 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.14). Children whose mother experienced sexual DV before birth had lower Apo A (βadj −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (βadj −0.05; 95% CI: −0.10, −0.01) as well as higher Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (βadj 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.29) and LDL/HDL (β 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.38). However, levels of LDL (βadj −0.17; 95% CI: −0.28, −0.06), LDL/HDL (βadj −0.12; 95% CI: −0.25, −0.00) and cholesterol (βadj −0.13; 95% CI: −0.25, −0.02) were lower among the children of mothers who experienced controlling behavior after childbirth. Results from the current study suggest that maternal experience of physical or sexual DV might negatively affect their children’s lipid profile at the age of 10 years.
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Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Low FM. Evolutionary and developmental mismatches are consequences of adaptive developmental plasticity in humans and have implications for later disease risk. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180109. [PMID: 30966891 PMCID: PMC6460082 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A discrepancy between the phenotype of an individual and that which would confer optimal responses in terms of fitness in an environment is termed 'mismatch'. Phenotype results from developmental plasticity, conditioned partly by evolutionary history of the species and partly by aspects of the developmental environment. We discuss two categories of such mismatch with reference primarily to nutrition and in the context of evolutionary medicine. The categories operate over very different timescales. A developmental mismatch occurs when the phenotype induced during development encounters a different environment post-development. This may be the result of wider environmental changes, such as nutritional transition between generations, or because maternal malnutrition or placental dysfunction give inaccurate information about the organism's likely future environment. An evolutionary mismatch occurs when there is an evolutionarily novel environment. Developmental plasticity may involve immediate adaptive responses (IARs) to preserve survival if an environmental challenge is severe, and/or predictive adaptive responses (PARs) if the challenge does not threaten survival, but there is a fitness advantage in developing a phenotype that will be better adapted later. PARs can have long-term adverse health consequences if there is a developmental mismatch. For contemporary humans, maternal constraint of fetal growth makes PARs likely even if there is no obvious IAR, and this, coupled with the pervasive nutritionally dense modern environment, can explain the widespread observations of developmental mismatch, particularly in populations undergoing nutritional transition. Both developmental and evolutionary mismatch have important public health consequences and implications for where policy interventions may be most effective. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Gluckman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Mark A. Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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In utero sFlt-1 exposure differentially affects gene expression patterns in fetal liver. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 10:353-361. [PMID: 30968813 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase factor 1 (sFlt-1) is a major contributor to antiangiogenesis during preeclampsia. However, little is known about the effects of sFlt-1 on fetal health. In this study we aim to evaluate the effects of the sFlt-1 concentration during pregnancy on fetal liver physiology. We used adenoviral gene delivery in Sprague-Dawley dams (seven females, 10 weeks old) during mid-gestation (gestational day 8) with adenovirus overexpressing sFlt-1, and age-matched controls (six females, 10 weeks old) with empty adenoviral virus in order to quantify the sFlt-1 concentrations in pregnant dams. Dams exposed to adenoviral sFlt-1 delivery were subdivided into a low (n=4) and high sFlt-1 (n=3) group based on host response to the virus. One-way analysis of variance showed that fetuses (five per dam) exposed to high sFlt-1 concentrations in utero show fetal growth restriction (1.84±0.043 g high sFlt-1 v. 2.32±0.036 g control; mean (M)±s.e.m.; P<0.001), without hypertension or proteinuria in the dams. In continuation, the microarray analysis of the fetal liver of the high sFlt-1 group showed significant enrichment of key genes for fatty acid metabolism and Ppara targets. In addition, using pyrosequencing, we found that the Ppara enrichment in the high sFlt-1 group is accompanied by decreased methylation of its promoter (1.89±0.097 mean % methylation in high sFlt-1 v. 2.26±0.095 mean % methylation in control, M±s.e.m., P<0.02). Our data show that high sFlt-1 concentrations during pregnancy have detrimental effects on the fatty acid metabolism genes and the Ppara targets in the fetal liver.
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105
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Simões-Alves AC, Costa-Silva JH, Barros-Junior IB, da Silva Filho RC, Vasconcelos DAA, Vidal H, Morio B, Fernandes MP. Saturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diet-Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Liver From Undernourished Rats During Critical Periods of Development. Cells 2019; 8:E335. [PMID: 30974751 PMCID: PMC6523252 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional transition that the western population has undergone is increasingly associated with chronic metabolic diseases. In this work, we evaluated a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (hyperlipidic, HL) after weaning of the offspring rats submitted to maternal protein restriction on the hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. Wistar rats were mated and during gestation and lactation, mothers received control diets (NP, normal protein content 17%) or low protein (LP, 8% protein). After weaning, rats received either NL (normolipidic) or HL (+59% SFA) diets up to 90 days of life. It was verified that all respiratory states of hepatic mitochondria showed a reduction in the LP group submitted to the post-weaning HL diet. This group also presented greater mitochondrial swelling compared to controls, potentiated after Ca2+ addition and prevented in the presence of EGTA (calcium chelator) and cyclosporin A (mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor). There was also an increase in liver protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation and reduction in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the LP group fed HL diet after weaning. Our data suggest that adult rats subjected to maternal protein restriction were more susceptible to hepatic mitochondrial damage caused by a diet rich in saturated fatty acids post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Joao H Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Idelfonso B Barros-Junior
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Reginaldo C da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Diogo A A Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
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106
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Werneck AO, Silva DR, Collings PJ, Fernandes RA, Ronque ERV, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Prenatal, biological and environmental factors associated with physical activity maintenance from childhood to adolescence. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:1201-1210. [PMID: 30892539 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018243.11442017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to identify prenatal, biological and environmental correlates of child to adolescence physical activity maintenance in 1,186 Brazilian youth (525 boys) aged between 10 and 16 years. Current and former physical activity levels were obtained cross-sectionally through questionnaires. As potential correlates, parent's activity levels, socioeconomic status and offspring's birth weight were self-reported by parents. Somatic maturation was estimated by the peak of height velocity. Logistic regression analyses revealed that, regardless of chronological age, males were more likely to be active in childhood (OR = 1.73 [CI 95% = 1.33 to 2.27]) and to maintain physical activity (adjusted by chronological age, sex, birth weight and mother's physical activity) (OR = 3.58 [CI 95% = 2.32 to 5.54]), as well as late maturing adolescents (OR = 2.52 [CI 95% = 1.02 to 6.22]). Adolescents whose mother was inactive (OR = 0.31 [CI 95% = 0.11 to 0.86]) also had a lower probability of maintaining physical activity. Thus, girls, adolescents born with low weight and those with inactive mother are less likely to maintain physical activity levels from childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oliveira Werneck
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Metabolismo, Nutrição e Exercício , Universidade Estadual de Londrina . Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário. 86057-970 Londrina PR Brasil .
| | - Danilo Rodrigues Silva
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Metabolismo, Nutrição e Exercício , Universidade Estadual de Londrina . Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário. 86057-970 Londrina PR Brasil .
| | - Paul James Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research , Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust . Bradford UK
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Departamento de Educação Física , Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia de Presidente Prudente , Universidade Estadual Paulista . Presidente Prudente SP Brasil
| | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Metabolismo, Nutrição e Exercício , Universidade Estadual de Londrina . Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário. 86057-970 Londrina PR Brasil .
| | | | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Metabolismo, Nutrição e Exercício , Universidade Estadual de Londrina . Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário. 86057-970 Londrina PR Brasil .
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107
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Truppa C, Leresche E, Fuller AF, Marnicio AS, Abisaab J, El Hayek N, Zmeter C, Toma WS, Harb H, Hamadeh RS, Leaning J. Utilization of primary health care services among Syrian refugee and Lebanese women targeted by the ICRC program in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study. Confl Health 2019; 13:7. [PMID: 30923560 PMCID: PMC6420751 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-019-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Syrian crisis has put tremendous strain on the Lebanese health system, particularly in the historically underserved border region. The ICRC Primary Health Care program has focused on refugee and host communities in these areas. This study objectives were: 1) to determine whether the ICRC program was reaching the most vulnerable populations; 2) to understand the key perceived health needs in the catchment areas of the ICRC supported facilities; and 3) to identify barriers to utilization of health care services. METHODS Between July and September 2017 we conducted two cross-sectional studies - one randomized household survey and one clinic-based - in the catchment areas of three ICRC-supported facilities, targeting women of reproductive age and caretakers of children under five. Differences between groups were analysed with t-test or chi-squared test. RESULTS In the household survey, similar socio-demographic profiles were observed between Syrian refugee women and vulnerable Lebanese hosts. With regard to the study objectives:The most vulnerable populations were those seen in the ICRC-supported facilities.For both populations, the most common reasons for seeking care were non-communicable diseases (40.6%) and sexual and reproductive health issues (28.6%). Yet the people reaching the ICRC supported facilities were more likely to seek care for communicable diseases affecting their children (37.8%), rather than for the most common reasons expressed in the household survey.In the catchment areas, reported gaps included low immunization coverage and low levels of antenatal care and family planning both for Syrian and Lebanese. Dental care also emerged as an issue. Out of pocket expenditures was reported as a critical barrier for utilization of primary health care services for both populations, while the most important barrier for utilization of ICRC-supported services was lack of awareness. CONCLUSIONS Despite the ICRC reaching the most vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese communities, the population-based survey revealed that important gaps exist in terms of utilization of health care services among women of reproductive age and their children. A stronger outreach component is needed to address lack of awareness. Innovative solutions are also needed to address cost barriers at the levels of both facility and individual user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Truppa
- The International Committee of the Red Cross, Beirut Delegation, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Enrica Leresche
- The International Committee of the Red Cross, Beirut Delegation, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arlan F. Fuller
- Harvard François Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Boston, USA
| | - Ariana S. Marnicio
- Harvard François Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Boston, USA
| | - Josyann Abisaab
- Harvard François Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Boston, USA
| | - Nicole El Hayek
- The International Committee of the Red Cross, Beirut Delegation, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Zmeter
- The International Committee of the Red Cross, Beirut Delegation, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Warda S. Toma
- Harvard François Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Boston, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hilda Harb
- Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Jennifer Leaning
- Harvard François Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Boston, USA
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108
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Townsend ML, Kelly MA, Pickard JA, Larkin TA, Flood VM, Caputi P, Wright IM, Jones A, Grenyer BFS. Illawarra Born cross-generational health study: feasibility of a multi-generational birth cohort study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:32. [PMID: 30834141 PMCID: PMC6390311 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a strong interest in the concept of developmental origins of health and disease and their influence on various factors “from cradle to grave”. Despite the increasing appreciation of this lifelong legacy across the human life course, many gaps remain in the scientific understanding of mechanisms influencing these formative phases. Cross-generational susceptibility to health problems is emerging as a focus of research in the context of birth cohort studies. The primary aim of the Illawarra Born study is to make scientific discoveries associated with improving health and wellbeing across the lifespan, with a particular focus on preventable chronic diseases, especially mental health. This birth cohort study will follow and collect data from three cohorts representing different stages across the lifespan: infants, adults (parents) and older adults (grandparents). The multi-generational, cross-sectional and longitudinal design of this birth cohort study supports a focus on the contributions of genetics, environment and lifestyle on health and wellbeing. The feasibility of conducting a multi-generational longitudinal birth cohort project was conducted through a small pilot study. Methods/design The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility and acceptability of the research protocol for a collaborative cross-generation health study in the community and test recruitment and outcome measures for the main study. This feasibility study included pregnant women who were intending to give birth in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region in Eastern Australia. The area includes a large, regional referral hospital, with capacity to treat specialist and complex cases. Pregnant women were asked to participate in five data collection waves beginning at 22 weeks gestation and ending with a 6-month post-partum appointment. Recruitment was then extended, via the pregnant women, to also include fathers and maternal grandmothers. Discussion This feasibility study focused on the perinatal period and collected data across three multi-disciplinary domains including mental health, diet, exposures to toxins and the role of these in maternal and infant outcomes. Forty-one families participated in extensive data collection from 22 weeks gestation to 6-months post-partum. Factors impacting on viability and feasibility including recruitment solutions provide the basis for a large-scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Townsend
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,2School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Megan A Kelly
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,7School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Judy A Pickard
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,2School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Theresa A Larkin
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,3Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- 5Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825 Australia.,6St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Peter Caputi
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,2School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Ian M Wright
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,3Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,4Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, NSW Health, Locked Mail Bag 8808, South Coast Mail Centre, North Sydney, NSW 2521 Australia
| | - Alison Jones
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,3Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Brin F S Grenyer
- 1Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.,2School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
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109
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Jazwiec PA, Li X, Matushewski B, Richardson BS, Sloboda DM. Fetal Growth Restriction Is Associated With Decreased Number of Ovarian Follicles and Impaired Follicle Growth in Young Adult Guinea Pig Offspring. Reprod Sci 2019; 26:1557-1567. [PMID: 30744513 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119828041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms mediating the impacts of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on follicular development are commonly studied in mouse/rat models, where ovarian development occurs largely during the early postnatal period. These models have shown that FGR is associated with premature follicle loss, early pubertal onset, and accelerated ovarian aging. Whether the same occurs in precocious species is unknown. OBJECTIVE Since guinea pig follicle development occurs in utero in a manner consistent with human ovarian development, we sought to determine whether FGR had similar impacts on guinea pig ovarian development. METHODS Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig dams were randomized to receive a control (CON) or a nutrient-restricted diet (FGR) prior to conception until weaning. Offspring ovaries were collected at prepubertal (postnatal day [P] 25) and young adult (P110) time points. RESULTS Prepubertal offspring exposed to FGR showed little differences in ovarian transcript levels and follicle counts. Young adult FGR offspring, however, showed reductions in the number of transitioning, primary, and antral follicles, as well as corpora lutea. This loss in follicles was associated with reduced insulin-like growth factor receptor and growth differentiation factor-9 messenger RNA levels in FGR P110 offspring compared to CON. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that FGR in guinea pigs is accompanied by perturbations in signaling pathways essential for proper follicle growth and manifests as reductions in growing follicles in offspring, but these changes do not manifest until postpuberty. These data support the fact that accelerated reproductive maturation/aging is a conserved phenotype that is associated with in utero nutritional adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A Jazwiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xinglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Brad Matushewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan S Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Myers J, Riggs E, Lee JL, Gibbons K, Naughton G. Confident and Understanding Parents (CUPs) - a child nutrition and active play pilot intervention for disadvantaged families attending Supported Playgroups in Victoria, Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 30 Suppl 1:43-51. [PMID: 30623503 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Health and nutrition inequalities are prevalent among families from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. However, there is limited evidence of targeted early childhood nutrition and active play approaches due to the methodological challenges in engaging vulnerable families in research. METHODS The aim of this paper was to report findings from a pilot intervention called Confident and Understanding Parents (CUPs). CUPs aims to improve child nutrition and active play-related outcomes for children in vulnerable families. The intervention was delivered in six Supported Playgroups (SPs) in two disadvantaged locations in Victoria. Surveys incorporated knowledge and confidence measures and were administered pre- and post-training of SP facilitators along with pre-, immediately post and and 3 months postintervention to SP facilitators and parents. Qualitative data were collected via debriefing discussions with SP facilitators and ethnographic observations during SP sessions. Thematic analyses of qualitative data and statistical quantitative analyses were conducted. RESULTS Nine SP facilitators completed training, of whom six delivered CUPs in SPs with 64 parents of children aged 0 to 4 years from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. Forty-three parents (66%) attended a minimum of 50% of SP sessions with CUPs delivery. SP facilitators and parents demonstrated improved knowledge and confidence following the pilot. Learnings for implementation were identified. CONCLUSION Overall, the CUPs intervention reached and engaged vulnerable families. A strength of the intervention is the flexibility offered to SP facilitators in selecting key messages and the strong focus on "local" translation of key child nutrition and active play messages within existing early childhood settings. A further strength was the adaptation of evaluation methodology to optimise the engagement of vulnerable families. SO WHAT?: This pilot study provides insights about engaging vulnerable families in a nutrition and active play intervention to promote child health. These promising findings warrant further implementation and rigorous evaluation of CUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Myers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Policy and Equity Research Group, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Elisha Riggs
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Intergenerational Health Research Group, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ju-Lin Lee
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Policy and Equity Research Group, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Kay Gibbons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Policy and Equity Research Group, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Policy and Equity Research Group, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
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111
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Deaconu A, Mercille G, Batal M. The Agroecological Farmer's Pathways from Agriculture to Nutrition: A Practice-Based Case from Ecuador's Highlands. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 58:142-165. [PMID: 30691294 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1570179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Agroecology is increasingly recognized as a sustainable production strategy that is appropriate for the rural poor. Meanwhile, agricultural initiatives have received much attention for their role in improving farmer nutrition, and three key pathways between agriculture and nutrition include consumption of own production, income and women's empowerment. In this study based in Ecuador's Imbabura province, we used qualitative methods to explore the practices of agroecological farmers with respect to these three key pathways. Results demonstrate the heterogeneity of lived experiences through which agroecology increases agricultural diversity and builds social and human capital to improve nutrition. We further identify barter as an under-explored means to nutrition outcomes, and we discuss the role of the complex rationales that mediate farmers' performance on agriculture-for-nutrition pathways. Finally, our results illustrate agroecology's potential to spread nutrition-promoting practices through endogenous farmers' networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Deaconu
- a Research Group on Nutrition Transition and Development (TRANSNUT), Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Canada
| | - Geneviève Mercille
- a Research Group on Nutrition Transition and Development (TRANSNUT), Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- a Research Group on Nutrition Transition and Development (TRANSNUT), Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Canada.,b Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM) , Montreal , Canada
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Wang J, Sung V, le Clercq CMP, Burt RA, Carew P, Liu RS, Mensah FK, Gold L, Wake M. High prevalence of slight and mild hearing loss across mid-life: a cross-sectional national Australian study. Public Health 2019; 168:26-35. [PMID: 30682637 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although presbycusis typically becomes symptomatic only in older age, slight and mild hearing loss may be detectable well before this. We studied current prevalence and characteristics of hearing loss in Australian mid-life adults. STUDY DESIGN This was a population-derived national cross-sectional study nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. METHODS A total of 1485 parents/guardians (87.3% female) aged 30-59 years underwent air-conduction audiometry. Hearing loss was defined in three ways to maximize cross-study comparability: high Fletcher index (mean of 1, 2 and 4 kHz; primary outcome relevant to speech perception), lower frequency (mean of 1 and 2 kHz) and higher frequency (mean of 4 and 8 kHz). Multivariable logistic regression examined how losses vary by age, sex and neighbourhood disadvantage. RESULTS On high Fletcher index, 27.3% had bilateral and 23.8% unilateral thresholds >15 dB hearing level (HL) (slight or worse), and 4.9% had bilateral and 6.3% unilateral thresholds >25 dB HL (mild or worse). Bilateral higher frequency losses were more common than lower frequency losses for thresholds >15 dB HL (30.9% vs. 26.4%) and >25 dB HL (11.0% vs. 4.6%). Age increased the risk of bilateral speech and higher frequency losses (all P for trend < 0.05), but not lower frequency losses >25 dB HL. Although sex was not associated with speech and lower frequency losses, men were more likely to have bilateral higher frequency losses (e.g. >15 dB HL: odds ratio [OR]: 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.2, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both slight and mild hearing loss show high and rising prevalence across mid-life. This offers opportunities to prevent progression to reduce the profound later burden of age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - V Sung
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - C M P le Clercq
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - R A Burt
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - P Carew
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - R S Liu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - F K Mensah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - L Gold
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - M Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics & the Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Carlin G, Chaumontet C, Blachier F, Barbillon P, Darcel N, Blais A, Delteil C, Guillin FM, Blat S, van der Beek EM, Kodde A, Tomé D, Davila AM. Maternal High-Protein Diet during Pregnancy Modifies Rat Offspring Body Weight and Insulin Signalling but Not Macronutrient Preference in Adulthood. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010096. [PMID: 30621263 PMCID: PMC6356951 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet of mothers during gestation may impact offspring phenotype. This study evaluated the consequences of a maternal High-Protein (HP) diet during gestation on food preferences and phenotypic characteristics in adult rat offspring. Dams were fed a HP or a Normal-Protein (NP) isocaloric diet during gestation only. Weaned female pups were divided into 3 diet groups: NP control or one of two dietary self-selection (DSS) conditions. In DSS1, offspring had a free choice between proteins (100%) or a mix of carbohydrates (88%) and lipids (12%). In DSS2, the choice was between proteins (100%), carbohydrate (100%) or lipids (100%). DSS2 groups consumed more of their energy from protein and lipids, with a decreased carbohydrate intake (p < 0.0001) compared to NP groups, regardless of the maternal diet. Offspring from HP gestation dams fed the DSS2 diet (HPDSS2) had a 41.2% increase of total adiposity compared to NPDSS2 (p < 0.03). Liver Insulin receptor and Insulin substrate receptor 1 expression was decreased in offspring from HP compared to NP gestation dams. These results showed the specific effects of DSS and maternal diet and data suggested that adult, female offspring exposed to a maternal HP diet during foetal life were more prone to adiposity development, in response to postweaning food conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Carlin
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | - François Blachier
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Darcel
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Corine Delteil
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Florence M Guillin
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Blat
- INRA, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Dept Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Kodde
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
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The Role of Environmental Disruptor Chemicals in the Development of Non Communicable Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1121:21-31. [PMID: 31392649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10616-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of non communicable diseases (NCDs) poses main challenges to global public health. Various environmental exposures to different chemicals and pollutants might interact with genetic and epigenetic mechanisms resulting in the development of NCDs. Among these environmental exposures, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) consist of a group of compounds with potential adverse health effects and the interference with the endocrine system. They are mostly used in food constituents, packaging industries and pesticides. Growing number of in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies documented the link of EDC exposure with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which are the underlying factors for development of NCDs. Prevention of exposure to EDCs and reduction of their production should be underscored in strategies for primordial prevention of NCDs.
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Magee LA, Synnes AR, von Dadelszen P, Hutfield AM, Chanoine JP, Côté AM, Devlin AM, Dorling J, Gafni A, Ganzevoort W, Helewa ME, Hutton EK, Koren G, Lee SK, Mcarthur D, Rey E, Robinson WP, Roseboom TJ, Singer J, Wilson S, Moutquin JM. CHIPS-Child: Testing the developmental programming hypothesis in the offspring of the CHIPS trial. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 14:15-22. [PMID: 30527103 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a follow-up to the CHIPS trial (Control of Hypertension In Pregnancy Study) of 'less tight' (versus 'tight') control of maternal blood pressure in pregnancy, CHIPS-Child investigated potential developmental programming of maternal blood pressure control in pregnancy, by examining measures of postnatal growth rate and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activation. METHODS CHIPS follow-up was extended to 12 ± 2 months corrected post-gestational age for anthropometry (weight, length, head/waist circumference). For eligible children with consent for a study visit, we collected biological samples (hair/buccal samples) to evaluate HPA axis function (hair cortisol levels) and epigenetic change (DNA methylation analysis of buccal cells). The primary outcome was 'change in z-score for weight' between birth and 12 ± 2 mos. Secondary outcomes were hair cortisol and genome-wide DNA methylation status. RESULTS Of 683 eligible babies, 183 (26.8%) were lost to follow-up, 83 (12.2%) declined, 3 (0.4%) agreed only to ongoing contact, and 414 (60.6%) consented. 372/414 (89.9%) had weight measured at 12mos. In 'less tight' (vs. 'tight') control, the primary outcome was similar [-0.26 (-0.53, +0.01); p = 0.14, padjusted = 0.06]; median (95% confidence interval) hair cortisol (N = 35 samples) was lower [-496 (-892, -100) ng/g; p = 0.02], and buccal swab DNA methylation (N = 16 samples) was similar. No differences in growth rate could be demonstrated up to 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate no compelling evidence for developmental programming of growth or the HPA axis. Clinicians should look to the clinical findings of CHIPS to guide practice. Researchers should seek to replicate these findings and extend outcomes to paediatric blood pressure and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Magee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, UK; School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Anne R Synnes
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, UK; School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Anna M Hutfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Chanoine
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | - Angela M Devlin
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | - Amiram Gafni
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Wessel Ganzevoort
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | | | - Eileen K Hutton
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Gideon Koren
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shoo K Lee
- Pediatrics, The Centre for Mother, Infant and Child Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Dawn Mcarthur
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Evelyne Rey
- Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Joel Singer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha Wilson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Tam CHT, Ma RCW, Yuen LY, Ozaki R, Li AM, Hou Y, Chan MHM, Ho CS, Yang X, Chan JCN, Tam WH. The impact of maternal gestational weight gain on cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2539-2548. [PMID: 30225524 PMCID: PMC6223878 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Accumulating evidence suggests an impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy outcomes; however, data on cardiometabolic risk factors later in life have not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GWG and cardiometabolic risk in offspring aged 7 years. METHODS We included a total of 905 mother-child pairs who enrolled in the follow-up visit of the multicentre Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study, at the Hong Kong Centre. Women were classified as having gained weight below, within or exceeding the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. A standardised GWG according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories was calculated to explore for any quadratic relationship. RESULTS Independent of pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational hyperglycaemia and other confounders, women who gained more weight than the IOM recommendations had offspring with a larger body size and increased odds of adiposity, hypertension and insulin resistance (range of p values of all the traits: 4.6 × 10-9 < p < 0.0390) than women who were within the recommended range of weight gain during pregnancy. Meanwhile, women who gained less weight than outlined in the recommendations had offspring with increased risks of hypertension and insulin resistance, compared with those who gained weight within the recommended range (7.9 × 10-3 < p < 0.0477). Quadratic relationships for diastolic blood pressure, AUC for insulin, pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity index were confirmed in the analysis of standardised GWG (1.4 × 10-3 < pquadratic < 0.0282). Further adjustment for current BMI noticeably attenuated the observed associations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Both excessive and inadequate GWG have independent and significant impacts on childhood adiposity, hypertension and insulin resistance. Our findings support the notion that adverse intrauterine exposures are associated with persistent cardiometabolic risk in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia H T Tam
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
| | - Lai Yuk Yuen
- 1/F, Special Block (Block E), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Risa Ozaki
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Hou
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Michael H M Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- 1/F, Special Block (Block E), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
The field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has grown considerably in recent decades and is receiving increasing recognition from health policymakers. Today, DOHaD research aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on health and disease that traces how different life experiences shape health and disease risks over the entire life course. This integrative perspective opens up distinct possibilities for improving health. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the specific social responsibilities of DOHaD as a field and about possible pathways to a socially just and scientifically robust implementation of DOHaD knowledge in society. In this article, we review the history and key characteristics of DOHaD as a field of scientific knowledge production. We argue that based on its key assumptions - that life circumstances, health and disease are closely linked on a molecular scale - DOHaD is an inherently political research field. When tracing how life environments affect health and disease, it is of utmost social and political importance to specify how DOHaD understands and frames these life environments, which aspects of life worlds are included and which excluded, and how research results are interpreted and translated into health recommendations at individual, societal and policy levels. We suggest a number of ways by which the DOHaD community can constructively and responsibly meet the demands that these inherent characteristics place on knowledge production and dissemination in the field.
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Nyakudya TT, Mukwevho E, Erlwanger KH. The protective effect of neonatal oral administration of oleanolic acid against the subsequent development of fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction in male and female rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:82. [PMID: 30479649 PMCID: PMC6245863 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of fructose-rich diets has been implicated in the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Interventions during periods of early ontogenic developmental plasticity can cause epigenetic changes which program metabolism for positive or negative health benefits later in life. The phytochemical oleanolic acid (OA) possesses anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. We investigated the potential protective effects of neonatal administration of OA on the subsequent development of high fructose diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in rats. METHOD Male and female (N = 112) suckling rats were randomly assigned to four groups and administered orally: distilled water (DW), oleanolic acid (OA; 60 mg/kg), high-fructose solution (HF; 20% w/v) or OA + HF for 7 days. The rats were weaned onto normal commercial rat chow up to day 55. From day 56, half of the rats in each treatment group were continued on plain water and the rest on a high fructose solution as drinking fluid for 8 weeks. On day 110, the rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test and then euthanased on day 112. Tissue and blood samples were collected to determine the effects of the treatments on visceral fat pad mass, fasting plasma levels of cholesterol, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose tolerance. RESULTS Rats which consumed fructose as neonates and then later as adults (HF + F) and those which consumed fructose only in adulthood (DW + F) had significant increases in terminal body mass (females only), visceral fat mass (males and females), serum triglycerides (females only), epididymal fat (males only), fasting plasma glucose (males and females), impaired glucose metabolism (females only), β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (males and females) compared to the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences in fasting serum cholesterol levels across all treatment groups in both male and female rats (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that neonatal oral administration of OA during the critical window of developmental plasticity protected against the development of health outcomes associated with fructose-induced metabolic disorders in the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Agriculture, North West University, Mafikeng, Mmabatho, 2735 South Africa
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
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Assessing dietary intakes from household budget surveys: A national analysis in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202831. [PMID: 30148863 PMCID: PMC6110494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate national information on dietary intakes, including heterogeneity among individuals, is critical to inform health implications and policy priorities. In low- and middle-income countries, household expenditure surveys constitute the major source of food data, but with uncertain validity for individual-level intakes. OBJECTIVE To investigate how individualized dietary consumption estimated from household survey data compared with individual-level 24-hr dietary recalls (24hR); and to assess potential heterogeneity by method for individualizing household intakes, dietary indicator, and individual characteristics (age, sex, education, religion, household income). METHODS We evaluated data from the 2011-2012 Bangladesh Household Integrated Survey (BIHS), which included household-level consumption data (5,503 households) and individual-level dietary data based on 24hR from these households (22,173 participants). Household and 24hR estimates were standardized and harmonized for 33 dietary indicators, including 9 food groups, total energy, 8 macronutrients, and 15 micronutrients. Individual consumption was estimated from household data using two approaches, the Adult Male Equivalent (AME) and per capita (PC) approach. For each dietary indicator, differences in household vs. individual mean estimates were evaluated overall and by strata of individual characteristics, using Spearman's correlations and univariate and multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS Individualized household estimates overestimated individual intakes from 24hR for all dietary factors using either estimation method (P<0.001 for each), except for starchy vegetables (AME: P = 0.15; PC: P = 0.85). For foods, overestimation ranged from 4% for seafood to about 240% for fruits, and for nutrients from 11% for carbohydrates and poly-unsaturated fats to 55% for vitamin C, with similar overestimation for the AME and the PC method. By strata, overestimation was modestly higher in men vs. women, in children (0-10y) vs. adolescents (11-19y) and adults (20-44y, ≥45y), among adults of higher (≥6y) vs. lower (<6y) education, in Muslims vs. other religions (Christians, Hindus), and for the lowest vs. all other income groups. This overestimation was notably higher in young children (0-5y) vs. all other age groups and in the lowest vs. all other income groups. Underestimation was rarely observed, for example for milk intake (-56%) in young children (0-5y). The PC approach did not capture heterogeneity in validity of estimation of different dietary factors by age, mainly in children (0-5y, 6-10y). Spearman's correlations between individualized household estimates and 24hR data were higher for the AME (0.30-0.70) than PC (0.20-0.50) approach. Findings were similar with and without multivariate regression, with proportions of variance (R2) in 24hR intakes explained by the AME being generally greater than PC estimates, yet still low to modest. CONCLUSIONS In this national survey, established methods for estimating individual level intakes from household surveys produce overestimation of intakes of nearly all dietary indicators, with significant variation depending on the dietary factor and modest variation depending on individual characteristics. These findings suggest a need for new methods to estimate individual-level consumption from household survey estimates.
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LifeLab Southampton: a programme to engage adolescents with DOHaD concepts as a tool for increasing health literacy in teenagers -a pilot cluster-randomized control trial. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:475-480. [PMID: 30101731 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical time point in the lifecourse. LifeLab is an educational intervention engaging adolescents in understanding Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concepts and the impact of the early life environment on future health, benefitting both their long-term health and that of the next generation. We aimed to assess whether engaging adolescents with DOHaD concepts improves scientific literacy and whether engagement alone improves health behaviours.Six schools were randomized, three to intervention and three to control. Outcome measures were changed in knowledge, and intended and actual behaviour in relation to diet and lifestyle. A total of 333 students completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires. At 12 months, intervention students showed greater understanding of DOHaD concepts. No sustained changes in behaviours were identified.Adolescents' engagement with DOHaD concepts can be improved and maintained over 12 months. Such engagement does not itself translate into behaviour change. The intervention has consequently been revised to include additional components beyond engagement alone.
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The effect of gestational period on the association between maternal prenatal salivary cortisol and birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:49-62. [PMID: 29754005 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies exploring the relations between maternal stress and fetal development show an association between increased maternal stress and adverse birth outcomes. A frequently proposed mechanism linking maternal prenatal stress and adverse birth outcomes is heightened concentrations of maternal cortisol. To date, studies exploring this association have reported conflicting results because of the diverse approaches taken to measuring cortisol and the wide variety of possible birth outcomes explored. To add clarity to the growing body of literature, this systematic review and meta-analysis reports empirical findings on the association between maternal prenatal salivary cortisol and newborn birth weight. METHODS Searches for relevant papers published up until November 2017 were run in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Non-English language papers were included and experts were contacted when necessary. We included data from human observational studies that were designed or had an underlying intention to measure maternal prenatal salivary cortisol and newborn birth weight. We only included data from measurements of salivary cortisol to prevent rendering of the review unsuitable for meta-analysis. Two independent reviewers assessed study eligibility and quality. For every maternal-fetal dyad, an area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) of maternal cortisol was calculated to determine a Pearson's correlation coefficient with a continuous measure of newborn birth weight. Correlation coefficients were then pooled across all stages of gestation. To examine if there are critical gestational periods in which the fetus may be more susceptible to elevated concentration of maternal salivary cortisol, a meta-analysis was performed on separate correlations calculated from gestational trimesters. RESULTS Nine studies with a total of 1606 maternal-fetal dyads demonstrated a negative correlation between pooled maternal salivary cortisol and birth weight (-0.24, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.20), but there was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 88.9%). To investigate heterogeneity, subgroup analysis by trimester of the pooled correlation between salivary cortisol and birth weight was performed with the following correlations found: first trimester, -0.18 (95% CI -0.32 to -0.03, I2 = 97.3%); second trimester, -0.20 (95% CI -0.28 to -0.12, I2 = 98.3%); and third trimester, -0.30 (95% CI -0.33 to -0.26, I2 = 85.4%). DISCUSSION A consistently negative association was observed between maternal cortisol and infant birth weight. The review highlights specific gaps in the literature on the relationship between maternal prenatal salivary cortisol and newborn birth weight. Although a significant negative correlation was found, substantial heterogeneity of effects and the likelihood of publication bias exist. The third trimester was revealed as a possible critical gestational period for heightened maternal cortisol concentration to affect birth weight. Challenges faced in this body of research and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Le Bourgot C, Ferret‐Bernard S, Apper E, Taminiau B, Cahu A, Le Normand L, Respondek F, Le Huërou‐Luron I, Blat S. Perinatal short‐chain fructooligosaccharides program intestinal microbiota and improve enteroinsular axis function and inflammatory status in high‐fat diet‐fed adult pigs. FASEB J 2018; 33:301-313. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800108r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Le Bourgot
- Tereos Marckolsheim France
- INRAINSERMUniv RennesNutrition Metabolisms and CancerNuMeCan Rennes France
| | | | | | | | - Armelle Cahu
- INRAINSERMUniv RennesNutrition Metabolisms and CancerNuMeCan Rennes France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Blat
- INRAINSERMUniv RennesNutrition Metabolisms and CancerNuMeCan Rennes France
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Patton GC, Olsson CA, Skirbekk V, Saffery R, Wlodek ME, Azzopardi PS, Stonawski M, Rasmussen B, Spry E, Francis K, Bhutta ZA, Kassebaum NJ, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL, Prentice AM, Reavley N, Sheehan P, Sweeny K, Viner RM, Sawyer SM. Adolescence and the next generation. Nature 2018; 554:458-466. [PMID: 29469095 DOI: 10.1038/nature25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent growth and social development shape the early development of offspring from preconception through to the post-partum period through distinct processes in males and females. At a time of great change in the forces shaping adolescence, including the timing of parenthood, investments in today's adolescents, the largest cohort in human history, will yield great dividends for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Patton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Deakin University Geelong, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard Saffery
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Physiology, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter S Azzopardi
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Maternal and Child Health Program, International Development Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Marcin Stonawski
- Department of Demography, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow 31-510, Poland.,European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Studies, Ispra, Varese 21027, Italy
| | - Bruce Rasmussen
- Victoria Institute of Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Deakin University Geelong, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Kate Francis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- SickKids Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nicholas J Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA.,Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia.,MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nicola Reavley
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Sheehan
- Victoria Institute of Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kim Sweeny
- Victoria Institute of Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Russell M Viner
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Adequacy of nutritional intake during pregnancy in relation to prepregnancy BMI: results from the 3D Cohort Study. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:335-344. [PMID: 29875026 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our study compares adequacy of nutritional intakes among pregnant women with different prepregnancy BMI and explores associations between nutritional intakes during pregnancy and both prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG). We collected dietary information from a large cohort of pregnant Canadian women (n 861) using a 3-d food record. We estimated usual dietary intakes of energy (E), macronutrients and micronutrients using the National Cancer Institute method. We also performed Pearson's correlations between nutritional intakes and both prepregnancy BMI and GWG. In all BMI categories, intakes considered suboptimal (by comparison with estimated average requirements) were noted for Fe, vitamin D, folate, vitamin B6, Mg, Zn, Ca and vitamin A. Total fat intakes were above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for 36 % of the women. A higher proportion of obese women had carbohydrate intakes (as %E) below the AMDR (v. normal-weight and overweight women; 19 v. 9 %) and Na intakes above the tolerable upper intake level (v. other BMI categories; 90 v. 77-78 %). In all BMI categories, median intakes of K and fibre were below adequate intake. Intakes of several nutrients (adjusted for energy) were correlated with BMI. Correlations were detected between energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and total GWG and were, for the most part, specific to certain BMI categories. Overweight and obese pregnant women appear to be the most nutritionally vulnerable. Nutrition interventions are needed to guide pregnant women toward their optimal GWG while also meeting their nutritional requirements.
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Wang J, le Clercq CMP, Sung V, Carew P, Liu RS, Mensah FK, Burt RA, Gold L, Wake M. Cross-sectional epidemiology of hearing loss in Australian children aged 11-12 years old and 25-year secular trends. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:579-585. [PMID: 29386180 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a national study of Australian children aged 11-12 years old, we examined the (1) prevalence and characteristics of hearing loss, (2) its demographic risk factors and (3) evidence for secular increases since 1990. METHODS This is a cross-sectional CheckPoint wave within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. 1485 children (49.8% retention; 49.7% boys) underwent air-conduction audiometry. Aim 1: hearing loss (≥16 decibels hearing level (dB HL)) was defined in four ways to enable prior/future comparisons: high Fletcher Index (mean of 1, 2 and 4 kHz; primary outcome relevant to speech perception), four-frequency (1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz), lower frequency (1 and 2 kHz) and higher frequency (4 and 8 kHz); aim 2: logistic regression of hearing loss by age, gender and disadvantage index; and aim 3: P for trend examining CheckPoint and reported prevalence in studies arranged by date since 1990. RESULTS For high Fletcher Index, the prevalence of bilateral and unilateral hearing loss ≥16 dB HL was 9.3% and 13.3%, respectively. Slight losses (16-25 dB HL) were more prevalent than mild or greater (≥26 dB HL) losses (bilateral 8.5% vs 0.8%; unilateral 12.5% vs 0.9%), and lower frequency more prevalent than higher frequency losses (bilateral 11.0% vs 6.9%; unilateral 15.4% vs 11.5%). Demographic characteristics did not convincingly predict hearing loss. Prevalence of bilateral/unilateral lower and higher frequency losses ≥16 dB HL has risen since 1990 (all P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Childhood hearing loss is prevalent and has risen since 1990. Future research should investigate the causes, course and impact of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlijn M P le Clercq
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Sung
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Carew
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard S Liu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona K Mensah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burt
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Gold
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Owuor TO, Reid M, Reschke L, Hagemann I, Greco S, Modi Z, Moley KH. Maternal obesogenic diet induces endometrial hyperplasia, an early hallmark of endometrial cancer, in a diethylstilbestrol mouse model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0186390. [PMID: 29775456 PMCID: PMC5959064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-eight percent of US adult women are obese, meaning that more children are now born of overweight and obese mothers, leading to an increase in predisposition to several adult onset diseases. To explore this phenomenon, we developed a maternal obesity animal model by feeding mice a diet composed of high fat/ high sugar (HF/HS) and assessed both maternal diet and offspring diet on the development of endometrial cancer (ECa). We show that maternal diet by itself did not lead to ECa initiation in wildtype offspring of the C57Bl/6J mouse strain. While offspring fed a HF/HS post-weaning diet resulted in poor metabolic health and decreased uterine weight (regardless of maternal diet), it did not lead to ECa. We also investigated the effects of the maternal obesogenic diet on ECa development in a Diethylstilbestrol (DES) carcinogenesis mouse model. All mice injected with DES had reproductive tract lesions including decreased number of glands, condensed and hyalinized endometrial stroma, and fibrosis and increased collagen deposition that in some mice extended into the myometrium resulting in extensive disruption and loss of the inner and outer muscular layers. Fifty percent of DES mice that were exposed to maternal HF/HS diet developed several features indicative of the initial stages of carcinogenesis including focal glandular and atypical endometrial hyperplasia versus 0% of their Chow counterparts. There was an increase in phospho-Akt expression in DES mice exposed to maternal HF/HS diet, a regulator of persistent proliferation in the endometrium, and no difference in total Akt, phospho-PTEN and total PTEN expression. In summary, maternal HF/HS diet exposure induces endometrial hyperplasia and other precancerous phenotypes in mice treated with DES. This study suggests that maternal obesity alone is not sufficient for the development of ECa, but has an additive effect in the presence of a secondary insult such as DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa O. Owuor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Michaela Reid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Lauren Reschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ian Hagemann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Suellen Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Zeel Modi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Kelle H. Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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Barker M, Dombrowski SU, Colbourn T, Fall CHD, Kriznik NM, Lawrence WT, Norris SA, Ngaiza G, Patel D, Skordis-Worrall J, Sniehotta FF, Steegers-Theunissen R, Vogel C, Woods-Townsend K, Stephenson J. Intervention strategies to improve nutrition and health behaviours before conception. Lancet 2018; 391:1853-1864. [PMID: 29673875 PMCID: PMC6075694 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional status of both women and men before conception has profound implications for the growth, development, and long-term health of their offspring. Evidence of the effectiveness of preconception interventions for improving outcomes for mothers and babies is scarce. However, given the large potential health return, and relatively low costs and risk of harm, research into potential interventions is warranted. We identified three promising strategies for intervention that are likely to be scalable and have positive effects on a range of health outcomes: supplementation and fortification; cash transfers and incentives; and behaviour change interventions. On the basis of these strategies, we suggest a model specifying pathways to effect. Pathways are incorporated into a life-course framework using individual motivation and receptiveness at different preconception action phases, to guide design and targeting of preconception interventions. Interventions for individuals not planning immediate pregnancy take advantage of settings and implementation platforms outside the maternal and child health arena, since this group is unlikely to be engaged with maternal health services. Interventions to improve women's nutritional status and health behaviours at all preconception action phases should consider social and environmental determinants, to avoid exacerbating health and gender inequalities, and be underpinned by a social movement that touches the whole population. We propose a dual strategy that targets specific groups actively planning a pregnancy, while improving the health of the population more broadly. Modern marketing techniques could be used to promote a social movement based on an emotional and symbolic connection between improved preconception maternal health and nutrition, and offspring health. We suggest that speedy and scalable benefits to public health might be achieved through strategic engagement with the private sector. Political theory supports the development of an advocacy coalition of groups interested in preconception health, to harness the political will and leadership necessary to turn high-level policy into effective coordinated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephan U Dombrowski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Tim Colbourn
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Natasha M Kriznik
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendy T Lawrence
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Shane A Norris
- MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gloria Ngaiza
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dilisha Patel
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University and Fuse, the UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Régine Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Vogel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Kathryn Woods-Townsend
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Southampton Education School, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Judith Stephenson
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Mao L, Lei J, Schoemaker MH, Ma B, Zhong Y, Lambers TT, Van Tol EAF, Zhou Y, Nie T, Wu D. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and extensively hydrolyzed casein-induced browning in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model of obesity. Food Funct 2018; 9:2362-2373. [PMID: 29589625 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Browning in adipose tissues, which can be affected by diet, may mitigate the detrimental effects of adiposity and improve longer-term metabolic health. Here, browning-inducing effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., arachidonic acid (ARA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and extensively hydrolyzed casein (eHC) were investigated in uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) reporter mice. To address the overall functionality, their potential role in supporting a healthy metabolic profile under obesogenic dietary challenges later in life was evaluated. At weaning Ucp1+/LUC reporter mice were fed a control low fat diet (LFD) with or without ARA + DHA, eHC or eHC + ARA + DHA for 8 weeks until week 12 after which interventions continued for another 12 weeks under a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Serology (metabolic responses and inflammation) and in vivo and ex vivo luciferase activity were determined; in the meantime browning-related proteins UCP-1 and the genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and Ucp-1 were examined. ARA + DHA, eHC or their combination reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight compared to the HFD mice. The interventions induced Ucp-1 expression in adipose tissues prior to and during the HFD exposure. Ucp-1 induction was accompanied by higher PGC1a and PRDM16 expression. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved coinciding with lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, leptin, resistin, fibroblast growth factor 21, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and higher adiponectin than the HFD group. HFD-associated increased systemic (IL-1β and TNF-α) and adipose tissue inflammation (F4/80, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) was reduced. Studies in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model revealed that early intervention with ARA/DHA and eHC improves metabolic flexibility and attenuates obesity during HFD challenge later in life. Increased browning is suggested as, at least, part of the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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Janevic T, Zeitlin J, Egorova N, Balbierz A, Howell EA. The role of obesity in the risk of gestational diabetes among immigrant and U.S.-born women in New York City. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:242-248. [PMID: 29501220 PMCID: PMC5875722 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine if the role of obesity in the risk of gestational diabetes differs between immigrant and U.S.-born women. METHODS We used New York City-linked 2010-2014 birth certificate and hospital data. We created four racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and Asian) and three subgroups (Mexican, Indian, and Chinese). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was ascertained by the birth certificate checkbox and discharge ICD-9 codes. We calculated relative risks for immigrant status and body mass index with GDM using covariate-adjusted log-binomial regression. We calculated multivariable population attributable risk to estimate the proportion of GDM that could be eliminated if overweight/obesity were eliminated by immigrant status. RESULTS Immigrant women had higher risk of GDM than U.S.-born women, with adjusted relative risks ranging from 1.2 among non-Hispanic black women (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.3) to 1.6 among Hispanic women (95% confidence interval, 1.4-1.8). Increasing body mass index was associated with GDM risk in all groups, but relative risks were weaker among immigrants (P for interaction <.05). The population attributable risk for overweight/obesity was lower in immigrant women than in U.S.-born women in all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The lower proportion of GDM attributable to overweight/obesity among immigrant women may point to early life and migration influences on risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Janevic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Women's Health Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Jennifer Zeitlin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Inserm UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Egorova
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Amy Balbierz
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth A Howell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Women's Health Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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130
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A study of the effects of maternal high fat diet on behavioural responses to acute and repeated administrations of cocaine in rat offspring. Neurosci Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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131
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Lea AJ, Tung J, Archie EA, Alberts SC. Developmental plasticity research in evolution and human health: Response to commentaries. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2017:201-205. [PMID: 29645009 PMCID: PMC5888464 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.,Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.,Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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132
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Crispi F, Miranda J, Gratacós E. Long-term cardiovascular consequences of fetal growth restriction: biology, clinical implications, and opportunities for prevention of adult disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:S869-S879. [PMID: 29422215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death for both men and women. Epidemiologic studies consistently have suggested an association between low birthweight and/or fetal growth restriction and increased rate of cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. Furthermore, experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that sustained nutrient and oxygen restriction that are associated with fetal growth restriction activate adaptive cardiovascular changes that might explain this association. Fetal growth restriction results in metabolic programming that may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, of cardiovascular morbidity in the adult. In addition, fetal growth restriction is strongly associated with fetal cardiac and arterial remodeling and a subclinical state of cardiovascular dysfunction. The cardiovascular effects ocurring in fetal life, includes cardiac morphology changes, subclinical myocardial dysfunction, arterial remodeling, and impaired endothelial function, persist into childhood and adolescence. Importantly, these changes have been described in all clinical presentations of fetal growth restriction, from severe early- to milder late-onset forms. In this review we summarize the current evidence on the cardiovascular effects of fetal growth restriction, from subcellular to organ structure and function as well as from fetal to early postnatal life. Future research needs to elucidate whether and how early life cardiovascular remodeling persists into adulthood and determines the increased cardiovascular mortality rate described in epidemiologic studies.
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133
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Laubach ZM, Perng W, Dolinoy DC, Faulk CD, Holekamp KE, Getty T. Epigenetics and the maintenance of developmental plasticity: extending the signalling theory framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1323-1338. [PMID: 29356358 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developmental plasticity, a phenomenon of importance in both evolutionary biology and human studies of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), enables organisms to respond to their environment based on previous experience without changes to the underlying nucleotide sequence. Although such phenotypic responses should theoretically improve an organism's fitness and performance in its future environment, this is not always the case. Herein, we first discuss epigenetics as an adaptive mechanism of developmental plasticity and use signaling theory to provide an evolutionary context for DOHaD phenomena within a generation. Next, we utilize signalling theory to identify determinants of adaptive developmental plasticity, detect sources of random variability - also known as process errors that affect maintenance of an epigenetic signal (DNA methylation) over time, and discuss implications of these errors for an organism's health and fitness. Finally, we apply life-course epidemiology conceptual models to inform study design and analytical strategies that are capable of parsing out the potential effects of process errors in the relationships among an organism's early environment, DNA methylation, and phenotype in a future environment. Ultimately, we hope to foster cross-talk and interdisciplinary collaboration between evolutionary biology and DOHaD epidemiology, which have historically remained separate despite a shared interest in developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Laubach
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.,BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, U.S.A
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, U.S.A.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, U.S.A
| | - Christopher D Faulk
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Minnesota, 495B AnSc/VetMed, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.,BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Getty
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.,BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
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134
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Early life conditions, reproductive and sexuality-related life history outcomes among human males: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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135
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Grueber CE, Gray LJ, Morris KM, Simpson SJ, Senior AM. Intergenerational effects of nutrition on immunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:1108-1124. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Grueber
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; NSW 2006 Australia
- San Diego Zoo Global; PO Box 120551, San Diego CA 92112 U.S.A
| | - Lindsey J. Gray
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney; Charles Perkins Centre; NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Katrina M. Morris
- The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG U.K
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney; Charles Perkins Centre; NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- The University of Sydney; Charles Perkins Centre; NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science; School of Mathematics and Statistics; NSW 2006 Australia
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136
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Groth SW, Holland ML, Smith JA, Meng Y, Kitzman H. Effect of Gestational Weight Gain and Prepregnancy Body Mass Index in Adolescent Mothers on Weight and Body Mass Index of Adolescent Offspring. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:626-633. [PMID: 28711316 PMCID: PMC5654683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the association of the gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of low-income adolescent mothers with the risk of their children being overweight and/or obese in late adolescence. METHODS Study subjects were low-income, primiparous adolescents (n = 360) who self-identified as black and participated in the New Mothers Study in Memphis, Tennessee, and their children. Gestational weight gain was examined as a continuous variable and also categorized into overgain, recommended gain, and undergain following the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. The effects of maternal prepregnancy BMI percentiles and calculated BMI were also considered. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used. The main outcome measures were offspring overweight, obesity, and BMI. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of offspring were overweight or obese. Higher maternal gestational weight gain increased the risk for offspring overweight and obesity. There was an interaction between gestational weight gain and prepregnancy BMI: offspring of mothers with a BMI percentile ≤76 were at greater risk of obesity with higher maternal weight gain. If mothers with a BMI percentile between the 29th and 83rd percentiles overgained, offspring were at greater risk for overweight. Using calculated BMIs, if a mother's BMI was ≤26 kg/m2, offspring risk for obesity was greater with higher gestational weight gain. CONCLUSIONS High gestational weight gain had a larger effect on offspring overweight and obesity if maternal prepregnancy BMI percentile was ≤76. The gestational weight gain of primiparous adolescents who self-identified as black had an effect on offspring weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Groth
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Margaret L Holland
- School of Nursing, Yale University, P. O. Box 27399, West Haven, CT 06516-7399, USA
| | - Joyce A Smith
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing 601 Elmwood Ave., Box SON, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ying Meng
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing 601 Elmwood Ave., Box SON, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Harriet Kitzman
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing 601 Elmwood Ave., Box SON, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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137
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Transplacental nutrient transfer in the human in vivo determined by 4 vessel sampling. Placenta 2017; 59 Suppl 1:S26-S31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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138
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Ismaili M'hamdi H, Hilhorst M, Steegers EAP, de Beaufort I. Nudge me, help my baby: on other-regarding nudges. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2017; 43:702-706. [PMID: 28122991 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the possibility of using nudges to promote people's health. Following the advances in developmental biology and epigenetics, it is clear that one's health is not always the result of one's own choices. In the period surrounding pregnancy, maternal choice behaviour has a significant influence on perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as the development of chronic diseases later in life. One's health is thus a matter of one's own as well as one's maternal choices. Therefore, self-regarding and other-regarding nudges should be considered as viable strategies to promote health. In this article, we introduce the concept of other-regarding nudges. We use the harm principle and the principle of beneficence to justify these other-regarding nudges. We conclude by stressing the importance of a fair assessment of expectations towards the nudgee, when determining whether a nudge is aimed at preventing harm or promoting a good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Ismaili M'hamdi
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Medard Hilhorst
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherland
| | - Inez de Beaufort
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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139
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Van Dijk MR, Borggreven NV, Willemsen SP, Koning AHJ, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Koster MPH. Maternal Lifestyle Impairs Embryonic Growth: The Rotterdam Periconception Cohort. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:916-922. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117728801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs R. Van Dijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole V. Borggreven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten P. Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton H. J. Koning
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria P. H. Koster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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140
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Maternal body weight trajectories across the life course and risk of preterm delivery. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 9:143-150. [PMID: 28877776 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between life course body weight percentile trajectories and risk for preterm delivery (PTD). Data about women's weight at birth, age 18, and before pregnancy were obtained by retrospective self-report in a cohort of 1410 black women in metropolitan Detroit. Growth mixture models were used to categorize women with similar weight percentile trajectories across these time points. Log-Poisson models were used to examine the association between the trajectory groups and PTD. Four trajectory groups with different beginning and endpoints of their weight percentiles (high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low) best fit the data. The groups with the highest prevalence of PTD were those that started low (low-high, 21%; low-low, 18%). The low-high group had a higher prevalence of PTD than the high-high trajectory group in unadjusted models (prevalence ratio=1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11, 2.00]). The association became not significant after adjusting for maternal age at delivery, income, diabetes and hypertension. When compared with the high-high trajectory group, the low-low trajectory seemed to also have a higher prevalence of PTD after adjusting for maternal age at delivery, income, diabetes and hypertension (prevalence ratio=1.35 [95% CI 1.00, 1.83]). Results suggest that a woman's risk for PTD is influenced by her body weight trajectory across the life course.
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141
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Bush NR, Lane RD, McLaughlin KA. Mechanisms Underlying the Association Between Early-Life Adversity and Physical Health: Charting a Course for the Future. Psychosom Med 2017; 78:1114-1119. [PMID: 27763991 PMCID: PMC5111624 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversities (ELA) are associated with subsequent pervasive alterations across a wide range of neurobiological systems and psychosocial factors that contribute to accelerated onset of health problems and diseases. In this article, we provide an integrated perspective on recent developments in research on ELA, based on the articles published in this Special Issue of Psychosomatic Medicine. We focus on the following: 1) the distinction between specific versus general aspects of ELA with regard to the nature of exposure (e.g., physical and sexual abuse, emotional abuse or neglect, relative socioeconomic deprivation), biological and behavioral correlates of ELA, and differences across diseases; 2) the importance of timing in the critical phases of exposure to ELA; and 3) adaptive versus dysfunctional responses to ELA and their consequences for biological and behavioral risk factors for adverse health outcomes. This article concludes with outlining important new targets for research in this area, including the neurobiology of affect as a mechanism linking ELA to adverse health outcomes, and the need for large-scale longitudinal investigations of multisystem processes relevant to ELA in diverse samples, starting prenatally, continuing to late adolescence, and with long-term follow-up assessments that enable evaluation of incident disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Bush
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Division of Developmental Medicine, Center for Health and Community (Bush), San Francisco, California; Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (Lane), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Psychology (McLaughlin), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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142
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Locks LM, Mwiru RS, Mtisi E, Manji KP, McDonald CM, Liu E, Kupka R, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Gosselin K, Gillman M, Gewirtz AT, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Infant Nutritional Status and Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction are Associated with Midchildhood Anthropometry and Blood Pressure in Tanzania. J Pediatr 2017; 187:225-233.e1. [PMID: 28499715 PMCID: PMC5533170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction in infancy are related to health outcomes in midchildhood in Tanzania. STUDY DESIGN Children who participated in 2 randomized trials of micronutrient supplements in infancy were followed up in midchildhood (4.6-9.8 years of age). Anthropometry was measured at age 6 and 52 weeks in both trials, and blood samples were available from children at 6 weeks and 6 months from 1 trial. Linear regression was used for height-for-age z-score, body mass index-for-age z-score, and weight for age z-score, and blood pressure analyses; log-binomial models were used to estimate risk of overweight, obesity, and stunting in midchildhood. RESULTS One hundred thirteen children were followed-up. Length-for-age z-score at 6 weeks and delta length-for-age z-score from 6 to 52 weeks were associated independently and positively with height-for-age z-score and inversely associated with stunting in midchildhood. Delta weight-for-length and weight-for-age z-score were also positively associated with midchildhood height-for-age z-score. The 6-week and delta weight-for-length z-scores were associated independently and positively with midchildhood body mass index-for-age z-score and overweight, as was the 6-week and delta weight-for-age z-score. Delta length-for-age z-score was also associated with an increased risk of overweight in midchildhood. Body mass index-for-age z-score in midchildhood was associated positively with systolic blood pressure. Serum anti-flagellin IgA concentration at 6 weeks was also associated with increased blood pressure in midchildhood. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometry at 6 weeks and growth in infancy independently predict size in midchildhood, while anti-flagellin IgA, a biomarker of environmental enteric dysfunction, in early infancy is associated with increased blood pressure in midchildhood. Interventions in early life should focus on optimizing linear growth while minimizing excess weight gain and environmental enteric dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00197730 and NCT00421668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Locks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Karim P. Manji
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Christine M. McDonald
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Enju Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roland Kupka
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,UNICEF Headquarters, New York, NY
| | - Rodrick Kisenge
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kerri Gosselin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Gillman
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Gewirtz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher P. Duggan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Reprint requests: Christopher P. Duggan, MD, MPH, Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115.Center for NutritionDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionBoston Children's Hospital333 Longwood AveBostonMA02115
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143
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Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Fernandez-Barres S, Kleinman K, Taveras EM, Oken E. Beverage Intake During Pregnancy and Childhood Adiposity. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-0031. [PMID: 28689188 PMCID: PMC5527670 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and other beverage intake during pregnancy with adiposity in midchildhood (median age of 7.7 years). METHODS We studied 1078 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort study. Exposures were sugary and nonsugary beverage intake assessed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy by using a food frequency questionnaire. Main outcome measures were offspring overall adiposity (BMI z score, fat mass index [FMI, kg/m2] from dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry, and sum of subscapular [SS] and triceps [TR] skinfold thicknesses) and central adiposity (SS:TR ratio and waist circumference). RESULTS In the second trimester, mean (SD) SSB intake was 0.6 (0.9) servings per day. Thirty-two percent of mothers were multiracial or people of color, 68% were college graduates, and 10% smoked during pregnancy. In midchildhood, mean (SD) BMI z score was 0.38 (1.00), and the FMI was 4.4 (1.9) kg/m2. In multivariable models adjusted for multiple maternal and child covariates, each additional serving per day of SSB was associated with higher BMI z scores (0.07 U; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.01 to 0.15), FMI (0.15 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.30), SS + TR (0.85 mm; 95% CI: 0.06 to 1.64), and waist circumference (0.65 cm; 95% CI: 0.01 to 1.28). Stratified models suggested that the associations were due primarily to maternal, not child, SSB intake and to sugary soda rather than fruit drinks or juice. We did not find differences between boys and girls, nor did we observe the effects of sugar-free soda or of first-trimester beverage intake. CONCLUSIONS Higher SSB intake during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with greater adiposity in midchildhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gillman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silvia Fernandez-Barres
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain;,ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ken Kleinman
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts; and
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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144
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Wells JCK, Nesse RM, Sear R, Johnstone RA, Stearns SC. Evolutionary public health: introducing the concept. Lancet 2017; 390:500-509. [PMID: 28792412 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emerging discipline of evolutionary medicine is breaking new ground in understanding why people become ill. However, the value of evolutionary analyses of human physiology and behaviour is only beginning to be recognised in the field of public health. Core principles come from life history theory, which analyses the allocation of finite amounts of energy between four competing functions-maintenance, growth, reproduction, and defence. A central tenet of evolutionary theory is that organisms are selected to allocate energy and time to maximise reproductive success, rather than health or longevity. Ecological interactions that influence mortality risk, nutrient availability, and pathogen burden shape energy allocation strategies throughout the life course, thereby affecting diverse health outcomes. Public health interventions could improve their own effectiveness by incorporating an evolutionary perspective. In particular, evolutionary approaches offer new opportunities to address the complex challenges of global health, in which populations are differentially exposed to the metabolic consequences of poverty, high fertility, infectious diseases, and rapid changes in nutrition and lifestyle. The effect of specific interventions is predicted to depend on broader factors shaping life expectancy. Among the important tools in this approach are mathematical models, which can explore probable benefits and limitations of interventions in silico, before their implementation in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | - Randolph M Nesse
- Centre for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Sear
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen C Stearns
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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145
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Schoemaker MH, Kleemann R, Morrison MC, Verheij J, Salic K, van Tol EAF, Kooistra T, Wielinga PY. A casein hydrolysate based formulation attenuates obesity and associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis in LDLr-/-.Leiden mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180648. [PMID: 28678821 PMCID: PMC5498059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity frequently associates with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) seems to be an important driver of these manifestations. Objective This study investigated a combination of an extensively hydrolyzed casein (eHC), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG) (together referred to as nutritional ingredients, NI) on the development of obesity, metabolic risk factors, WAT inflammation, NAFLD and atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed LDLr-/-.Leiden mice, a model that mimics disease development in humans. Methods LDLr-/-.Leiden male mice (n = 15/group) received a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 Kcal%) for 21 weeks with or without the NI (23.7% eHC, 0.083% DHA, 0.166% ARA; all w/w and 1x109 CFU LGG gavage 3 times/week). HFD and HFD+NI diets were isocaloric. A low fat diet (LFD, 10 Kcal%) was used for reference. Body weight, food intake and metabolic risk factors were assessed over time. At week 21, tissues were analyzed for WAT inflammation (crown-like structures), NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Effects of the individual NI components were explored in a follow-up experiment (n = 7/group). Results When compared to HFD control, treatment with the NI strongly reduced body weight to levels of the LFD group, and significantly lowered (P<0.01) plasma insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin and serum amyloid A (P<0.01). NI also reduced WAT mass and inflammation. Strikingly, NI treatment significantly reduced macrovesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation and liver collagen (P<0.05), and attenuated atherosclerosis development (P<0.01). Of the individual components, the effects of eHC were most pronounced but could not explain the entire effects of the NI formulation. Conclusions A combination of eHC, ARA, DHA and LGG attenuates obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases (NAFLD, atherosclerosis) in LDLr-/-.Leiden mice. The observed reduction of inflammation in adipose tissue and in the liver provides a rationale for these comprehensive health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke H. Schoemaker
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Global R&D, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Kleemann
- TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A. F. van Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Global R&D, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Teake Kooistra
- TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Y. Wielinga
- TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
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146
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SM = SM: The Interface of Systems Medicine and Sexual Medicine for Facing Non-Communicable Diseases in a Gender-Dependent Manner. Sex Med Rev 2017; 5:349-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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147
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Bray GA, Kim KK, Wilding JPH. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev 2017; 18:715-723. [PMID: 28489290 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the argument for obesity as a chronic relapsing disease process. Obesity is viewed from an epidemiological model, with an agent affecting the host and producing disease. Food is the primary agent, particularly foods that are high in energy density such as fat, or in sugar-sweetened beverages. An abundance of food, low physical activity and several other environmental factors interact with the genetic susceptibility of the host to produce positive energy balance. The majority of this excess energy is stored as fat in enlarged, and often more numerous fat cells, but some lipid may infiltrate other organs such as the liver (ectopic fat). The enlarged fat cells and ectopic fat produce and secrete a variety of metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory products that produce damage in organs such as the arteries, heart, liver, muscle and pancreas. The magnitude of the obesity and its adverse effects in individuals may relate to the virulence or toxicity of the environment and its interaction with the host. Thus, obesity fits the epidemiological model of a disease process except that the toxic or pathological agent is food rather than a microbe. Reversing obesity will prevent most of its detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - K K Kim
- National University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J P H Wilding
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
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148
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Healthy preconception nutrition and lifestyle using personalized mobile health coaching is associated with enhanced pregnancy chance. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:453-460. [PMID: 28688924 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periconceptional nutrition and lifestyle are essential in pathogenesis and prevention of most reproductive failures, pregnancy outcome and future health. We aimed to investigate whether personalized mobile health (mHealth) coaching empowers couples contemplating pregnancy to increase healthy behaviour and chances of pregnancy. A survey was conducted among 1053 women and 332 male partners who received individual coaching using the mHealth programme 'Smarter Pregnancy' to change poor nutrition and lifestyle for 26 weeks, depending on pregnancy state and gender. Poor behaviours were translated into a total risk score (TRS) and Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate associations with the chance of pregnancy adjusted for fertility status, age and baseline body mass index expressed as adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A lower (a)HR suggests a higher chance of achieving pregnancy. A higher TRS was significantly associated with a lower chance of pregnancy in all women (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72-0.85) and (a)HR was lowest in women whose male partner participated (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.91). This survey shows that empowerment of couples in changing poor nutrition and lifestyle using personalized mHealth coaching is associated with an enhanced pregnancy chance in both infertile and fertile couples.
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149
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McKerracher L, Collard M, Altman R, Richards M, Nepomnaschy P. The ex-pat effect: presence of recent Western immigrants is associated with changes in age at first birth and birth rate in a Maya population from rural Guatemala. Ann Hum Biol 2017. [PMID: 28625087 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1343385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic transitions expose indigenous populations to a variety of ecological and cultural challenges, especially regarding diet and stress. These kinds of challenges are predicted by evolutionary ecological theory to have fitness consequences (differential reproduction) and, indeed, are often associated with changes in fertility dynamics. It is currently unclear whether international immigration might impact the nature of such an economic transition or its consequences for fertility. AIM To examine measures of fertility, diet and stress in two economically transitioning Maya villages in Guatemala that have been differentially exposed to immigration by Westerners. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study compared Maya women's ages at first birth and birth rates between villages and investigated whether these fertility indicators changed through time. It also explored whether the villages differed in relation to diet and/or a proxy of stress. RESULTS It was found that, in the village directly impacted by immigration, first births occurred earlier, but birth rate was slower. In both villages, over the sampled time window, age at first birth increased, while birth rate decreased. The villages do not differ significantly in dietary indicators, but the immigration-affected village scored higher on the stress proxy. CONCLUSION Immigration can affect fertility in host communities. This relationship between immigration and fertility dynamics may be partly attributable to stress, but this possibility should be evaluated prospectively in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Collard
- a Department of Archaeology , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada.,b Department of Archaeology , University of Aberdeen, King's College , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - Rachel Altman
- c Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
| | - Michael Richards
- a Department of Archaeology , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
| | - Pablo Nepomnaschy
- d Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , BC , Canada
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150
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Skevaki C, Van den Berg J, Jones N, Garssen J, Vuillermin P, Levin M, Landay A, Renz H, Calder PC, Thornton CA. Immune biomarkers in the spectrum of childhood noncommunicable diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 137:1302-16. [PMID: 27155027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker is an accurately and reproducibly quantifiable biological characteristic that provides an objective measure of health status or disease. Benefits of biomarkers include identification of therapeutic targets, monitoring of clinical interventions, and development of personalized (or precision) medicine. Challenges to the use of biomarkers include optimizing sample collection, processing and storage, validation, and often the need for sophisticated laboratory and bioinformatics approaches. Biomarkers offer better understanding of disease processes and should benefit the early detection, treatment, and management of multiple noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This review will consider the utility of biomarkers in patients with allergic and other immune-mediated diseases in childhood. Typically, biomarkers are used currently to provide mechanistic insight or an objective measure of disease severity, with their future role in risk stratification/disease prediction speculative at best. There are many lessons to be learned from the biomarker strategies used for cancer in which biomarkers are in routine clinical use and industry-wide standardized approaches have been developed. Biomarker discovery and validation in children with disease lag behind those in adults; given the early onset and therefore potential lifelong effect of many NCDs, there should be more studies incorporating cohorts of children. Many pediatric biomarkers are at the discovery stage, with a long path to evaluation and clinical implementation. The ultimate challenge will be optimization of prevention strategies that can be implemented in children identified as being at risk of an NCD through the use of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH Baldingerstr, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jolice Van den Berg
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Immunology/Microbiology Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nicholas Jones
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - Johan Garssen
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Beta Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Levin
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Division of Asthma and Allergy, University of Cape Town, and the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan Landay
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Immunology/Microbiology Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Harald Renz
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH Baldingerstr, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales.
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