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Del Gaudio I, Sreckovic I, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Bernhart E, Christoffersen C, Frank S, Marsche G, Illanes SE, Wadsack C. Circulating cord blood HDL-S1P complex preserves the integrity of the feto-placental vasculature. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158632. [PMID: 31954174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal and long-term offspring morbidities are strongly dependent on the preservation of placental vascular homeostasis during pregnancy. In adults, the HDL-apoM-S1P complex protects the endothelium and maintains vascular integrity. However, the metabolism and biology of cord blood-derived HDLs (referred to as neonatal HDL, nHDL) strikingly differ from those in adults. Here, we investigate the role of neonatal HDLs in the regulation of placental vascular function. We show that nHDL is a major carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is anchored to the particle through apoM (rs = 0.90, p < 0.0001) in the fetal circulation. Furthermore, this complex interacts with S1P receptors on the feto-placental endothelium and activates specifically extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK) and phospholipase C (PLC) downstream signaling, promotes endothelial cell proliferation and calcium flux. Notably, the nHDL-S1P complex triggers actin filaments reorganization, leading to an enhancement of placental endothelial barrier function. Additionally, nHDL induces vasorelaxation of isolated placental chorionic arteries. Taken together, these results suggest that circulating nHDL exerts vasoprotective effects on the feto-placental endothelial barrier mainly via S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Gaudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivana Sreckovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Bernhart
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saša Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian E Illanes
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Davila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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102
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Pu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Han J, Ma Y, Liu X. Identification of Novel lncRNAs Differentially Expressed in Placentas of Chinese Ningqiang Pony and Yili Horse Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E119. [PMID: 31940795 PMCID: PMC7022612 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nutrient sensor, the placenta plays a key role in regulating fetus growth and development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate growth-related traits. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in horse placentas remains unclear. To compare the expression patterns of lncRNAs in the placentas of the Chinese Ningqiang (NQ) and Yili (YL) breeds, we performed a transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. NQ is a pony breed with an average adult height at the withers of less than 106 cm, whereas that of YL is around 148 cm. Based on 813 million high-quality reads and stringent quality control procedures, 3011 transcripts coding for 1464 placental lncRNAs were identified and mapped to the horse reference genome. We found 107 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) between NQ and YL, including 68 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated DELs in YL. Six (TBX3, CACNA1F, EDN3, KAT5, ZNF281, TMED2, and TGFB1) out of the 233 genes targeted by DELs were identified as being involved in limb development, skeletal myoblast differentiation, and embryo development. Two DELs were predicted to target the TBX3 gene, which was found to be under strong selection and associated with small body size in the Chinese Debao pony breed. This finding suggests the potential functional significance of placental lncRNAs in regulating horse body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Pu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.P.); (Y.Z.)
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.P.); (Y.Z.)
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.P.); (Y.Z.)
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xuexue Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.P.); (Y.Z.)
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
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103
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Mediation Analysis Supports a Causal Relationship between Maternal Hyperglycemia and Placental DNA Methylation Variations at the Leptin Gene Locus and Cord Blood Leptin Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010329. [PMID: 31947745 PMCID: PMC6982090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in fetal DNA methylation (DNAm) of the leptin (LEP) gene have been associated with exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, but their links with childhood obesity risk are still unclear. We investigated the association between maternal hyperglycemia, placental LEP DNAm (25 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) sites), neonatal leptinemia, and adiposity (i.e., BMI and skinfold thickness (ST) (subscapular (SS) + triceps (TR) skinfold measures, and the ratio of SS:TR) at 3-years-old, in 259 mother–child dyads, from Gen3G birth cohort. We conducted multivariate linear analyses adjusted for gestational age at birth, sex of the child, age at follow-up, and cellular heterogeneity. We assessed the causal role of DNAm in the association between maternal glycemia and childhood outcomes, using mediation analysis. We found three CpGs associated with neonatal leptinemia (p ≤ 0.002). Of these, cg05136031 and cg15758240 were also associated with BMI (β = −2.69, p = 0.05) and fat distribution (β = −0.581, p = 0.05) at 3-years-old, respectively. Maternal glycemia was associated with DNAm at cg15758240 (β = −0.01, p = 0.04) and neonatal leptinemia (β = 0.19, p = 0.004). DNAm levels at cg15758240 mediates 0.8% of the association between maternal glycemia and neonatal leptinemia (p < 0.001). Our results support that DNAm regulation of the leptin pathway in response to maternal glycemia might be involved in programming adiposity in childhood.
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104
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Hussey MR, Burt A, Deyssenroth MA, Jackson BP, Hao K, Peng S, Chen J, Marsit CJ, Everson TM. Placental lncRNA expression associated with placental cadmium concentrations and birth weight. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa003. [PMID: 32411397 PMCID: PMC7211362 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposures, such as cadmium, can have negative effects on infant birth weight (BW)-among other developmental outcomes-with placental dysfunction potentially playing a role in these effects. In this study, we examined how differential placental expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be associated with cadmium levels in placenta and whether differences in the expression of those lncRNAs were associated with fetal growth. In the Rhode Island Child Health Study, we used data from Illumina HiSeq whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (n = 199) to examine association between lncRNA expression and measures of infant BW as well as placental cadmium concentrations controlled for appropriate covariates. Of the 1191 lncRNAs sequenced, 46 demonstrated associations (q < 0.05) with BW in models controlling for infant sex, maternal age, BMI, maternal education, and smoking during pregnancy. Furthermore, four of these transcripts were associated with placental cadmium concentrations, with MIR22HG and ERVH48-1 demonstrating increases in expression associated with increasing cadmium exposure and elevated odds of small for gestational age birth, while AC114763.2 and LINC02595 demonstrated reduced expression associated with cadmium, but elevated odds of large for gestational age birth with increasing expression. We identified relationships between lncRNA expression with both placental cadmium concentrations and BW. This study provides evidence that disrupted placental expression of lncRNAs may be a part of cadmium's mechanisms of reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hussey
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maya A Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd M Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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105
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Tatemoto P, Bernardino T, Alves L, Zanella AJ. Sham-Chewing in Sows Is Associated With Decreased Fear Responses in Their Offspring. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:390. [PMID: 31803762 PMCID: PMC6877698 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that sham-chewing expressed by the dam during gestation affects fetus programming. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of maternal sham-chewing on offspring welfare indicators, such as behavior and physiology. Sows that exhibited consistent sham-chewing on at least two of 6 days of observation (N = 7) were compared with sows that had never performed sham-chewing (non-sham-chewing sows; N = 4) during these 6 days. Salivary samples from sows and piglets were collected and cortisol concentrations were analyzed to assess the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity as cortisol is a physiological indicator of welfare. Moreover, placental tissue was collected, right after farrowing, to assess cortisol and cortisone concentration. Piglet behavior and fear tests were performed after weaning (one couple per sow). In the fear tests, data was collected in an open field test to determine the states of fear indicators. Non-sham-chewing sows had lower concentrations of cortisol on days 91 and 92 of gestation in the morning. In addition to this, placental cortisol was higher among sham-chewing sows than non-sham-chewing sows. In the open field test, piglets born from non-sham-chewing sows demonstrated more latency to move in the arena and less activity, indicating more fear. Based on our data, we concluded that the expression of maternal sham-chewing is related to less fear in their offspring. Although stereotypies have been studied, attention has not been devoted to the effects of the prenatal period in considering a fetal reprogramming approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Center for Comparative Studies in Sustainability, Health and Welfare, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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106
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Xia M, Pan Y, Guo L, Wei XX, Xiong J, Wang L, Peng J, Wang C, Peng J, Wei HK. Effect of gestation dietary methionine/lysine ratio on placental angiogenesis and reproductive performance of sows1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3487-3497. [PMID: 31111159 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the effects of different gestation dietary Met/Lys (methionine, Met/lysine) ratios on the production performance of sows. Specifically, it measured the effect of Met on plasma urea and AA concentrations and placental vascular density of pregnant sows. A total of 325 multiparous sows (third parity, Large × White) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (n = 65) with five dietary Met/Lys ratios 0.27 (nutrient requirements of swine [NRC] 2012 level), 0.32, 0.37, 0.42, and 0.47). The litter size and weight at birth were measured and recorded. Blood samples were obtained on days 0, 40, 90, and 114 of gestation, and placenta samples were collected at parturition. The effects of different dietary Met/Lys ratios on the reproductive performance were evaluated based on the prolificacy of sows as either high (≥13 total piglets born) or low (<13 total piglets born). The results showed that dietary Met/Lys ratio had no significant effect on the reproductive performance of lower prolificacy sows (P > 0.05). However, for high-prolificacy sows, litter weight of born alive significantly increased in 0.37 Met/Lys ratios group compared with control group (P < 0.05). The gestation dietary Met/Lys ratio showed significant quadratic effects on the litter birth weight and percentage of piglets born with weight <0.9 kg (P < 0.05), and the Met/Lys ratios to achieve the best reproductive performance determined to be 0.37. Furthermore, plasma urea concentrations of sows also changed with Met/Lys ratios quadratically (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary Met/Lys ratios elevated the concentration of most plasma AA. Although the dietary Met/Lys ratio had no significant effect on the placental vascular density (P > 0.05), the gestation dietary Met/Lys ratio showed significant quadratic effects on the placental vascular density (P < 0.05). In addition, the birth weight of piglets of high-prolificacy sows was positively correlated with the placental vascular density (P < 0.01). Taken as a whole, the dietary Met/Lys ratio showed a quadratic curve relation with birth weight performance and placental angiogenesis performance, to which 0.37 ratio contributed to the best performance of high-prolificacy sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ye Pan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liangliang Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaowei X Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - H K Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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107
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Strakovsky RS, Schantz SL. Using Experimental Models to Assess Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates on the Placenta: Challenges and Perspectives. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:250-268. [PMID: 30203063 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is critical for all aspects of fetal development. Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are endocrine disruptors with ubiquitous exposure in pregnant women-their effects on the placenta is an area of growing research interest. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) summarize research related to the effects BPA or phthalates on placental outcomes in animal and cell models, and (2) evaluate the challenges for using such models to study the impacts of these chemicals on placental endpoints. Overall, studies in cells and animal models suggest that BPA and phthalates impact placental hormones, some epigenetic endpoints, increase inflammation and oxidative stress, and decrease cell viability and nutrient transfer. However, few animal or cell studies have assessed these outcomes at concentrations relevant to humans. Furthermore, it is unclear whether effects of BPA/phthalates on the placenta in animal models mediate fetal outcomes, as most studies have dosed after the earliest stages of placental and fetal development. It is also unclear whether effects of these chemicals are sex-specific, as few studies have considered placental sex. Finally, while there is substantial evidence for effects of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (the major metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), on placental endpoints in cells, little is currently known about effects of other phthalates to which pregnant women are exposed. Moving forward, these limitations will need to be addressed to help us understand the precise mechanisms of action of these chemicals within the placenta, and how these reported perturbations impact fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2347 Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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108
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Grohs MN, Reynolds JE, Liu J, Martin JW, Pollock T, Lebel C, Dewey D. Prenatal maternal and childhood bisphenol a exposure and brain structure and behavior of young children. Environ Health 2019; 18:85. [PMID: 31615514 PMCID: PMC6794724 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins. In North America, over 90% of the population has detectable levels of urinary BPA. Human epidemiological studies have reported adverse behavioral outcomes with BPA exposure in children, however, corresponding effects on children's brain structure have not yet been investigated. The current study examined the association between prenatal maternal and childhood BPA exposure and white matter microstructure in children aged 2 to 5 years, and investigated whether brain structure mediated the association between BPA exposure and child behavior. METHODS Participants were 98 mother-child pairs who were recruited between January 2009 and December 2012. Total BPA concentrations in spot urine samples obtained from mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy and from children at 3-4 years of age were analyzed. Children participated in a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at age 2-5 years (3.7 ± 0.8 years). Associations between prenatal maternal and childhood BPA and children's fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of 10 isolated white matter tracts were investigated, controlling for urinary creatinine, child sex, and age at the time of MRI. Post-hoc analyses examined if alterations in white matter mediated the relationship of BPA and children's scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS Prenatal maternal urinary BPA was significantly associated with child mean diffusivity in the splenium and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Splenium diffusivity mediated the relationship between maternal prenatal BPA levels and children's internalizing behavior (indirect effect: β = 0.213, CI [0.0167, 0.564]). No significant associations were found between childhood BPA and white matter microstructure. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for the neural correlates of BPA exposure in humans. Our findings suggest that prenatal maternal exposure to BPA may lead to alterations in white matter microstructure in preschool aged children, and that such alterations mediate the relationship between early life exposure to BPA and internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody N Grohs
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jess E Reynolds
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tyler Pollock
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- University of Calgary, #397 Owerko Center, Child Development Centre 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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109
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Rutherford JN, Victoria A deMartelly, Ragsdale HB, Avila JL, Lee NR, Kuzawa CW. Global population variation in placental size and structure: Evidence from Cebu, Philippines. Placenta 2019; 85:40-48. [PMID: 31445348 PMCID: PMC6742541 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental morphology influences the intrauterine environment and fetal growth, which help set life-course health trajectories across generations. Little is known about placental characteristics in populations with chronic nutritional insufficiency where birth weights tend to be lower, and how these relationships between birth and placental weights vary across populations. METHODS We collected weights and stereologically-determined villous mass and surface area of 21 placentas from offspring of women enrolled in a birth cohort study in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines, a low-income population. We identified 15 samples from other global populations ranging from low to high income that had similar data to ours to assess patterns of variation between birth and placental weights and microscopic characteristics. We ranked the population samples in order for each characteristic. RESULTS Mean birth weight in Cebu was 3162 ± 80 g (ranked 9/16) and placental weight was 454 ± 32 g (ranked 12/16). Birth:placental weight ratio was 7.0 (ranked 3/16). Average villous surface area for Cebu placentas was 6.5 m2 (ranked 9/12); Birth weight:villous surface area was 0.048 g/m2 (ranked 4/12). DISCUSSION Placentas from Cebu produced heavier neonates per units of placental weight and villous surface area than most other populations, despite lower villous surface areas and less complex surface-to-volume topography. This range of placental efficiency spurs questions about the mechanisms by which placental morphology optimizes efficiency in different environmental contexts during gestation. Placental variation both within and across populations is likely due to many intersecting environmental, metabolic, and (epi)genetic factors that will require additional research to clarify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne N Rutherford
- Department of Women, Children, and Family Health, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Haley B Ragsdale
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Josephine L Avila
- USC- Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC- Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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110
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Kim S, Cho YH, Won S, Ku JL, Moon HB, Park J, Choi G, Kim S, Choi K. Maternal exposures to persistent organic pollutants are associated with DNA methylation of thyroid hormone-related genes in placenta differently by infant sex. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104956. [PMID: 31272017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during pregnancy is associated with a disruption in thyroid hormone balance. The placenta serves as an important environment for fetal development and also regulates thyroid hormone supply to the fetus. However, epigenetic changes of thyroid regulating genes in placenta have rarely been studied. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between several POP concentrations in maternal serum and DNA methylation of thyroid hormone-related genes in the placenta. The placenta samples were collected from 106 Korean mother at delivery, and the promoter methylation of the placental genes was measured by a bisulfite pyrosequencing. The deiodinase type 3 (DIO3), monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), and transthyretin (TTR) genes were selected as the target genes as they play an important role in the regulation of fetal thyroid balance. Because people are exposed to multiple chemicals at the same time, a multiple-POP model using principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the association between the multiple POPs exposure and the epigenetic change in placenta. In addition, a single-POP model which includes one chemical each in the statistical model for association was conducted. Based on the single-POP models, serum concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) were significantly associated with an increase in placental DIO3 methylation, but only among female infants. Among male infants, a positive association between serum p,p'-DDT and MCT8 methylation level was found. According to the multiple-POP models, serum DDTs were positively associated with DIO3 methylation in the placenta of female infants, while a positive association with MCT8 methylation was observed in those of the male infants. Our observation showed that in utero exposure to DDTs may influence the DNA methylation of DIO3 and MCT8 genes in the placenta, in a sexually dimorphic manner. These alterations in placental epigenetic regulation may in part explain the thyroid hormone disruption observed among the newborns or infants followed by in utero exposure to POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Sungho Won
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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111
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Placental programming of neuropsychiatric disease. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:157-164. [PMID: 31003234 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is vital for fetal growth, and compromised function is associated with abnormal development, especially of the brain. Linking placental function to brain development is a new field we have dubbed neuroplacentology. Approximately 380,000 infants in the United States each year abruptly lose placental support upon premature birth, and more than 10% of pregnancies are affected by more insidious placental dysfunction such as preeclampsia or infection. Abnormal fetal brain development or injury can lead to life-long neurological impairments, including psychiatric disorders. The majority of research connecting placental compromise to fetal brain injury has focused on gas exchange or nutritional programming, neglecting the placenta's essential neuroendocrine role. We will review the current evidence that placental dysfunction, particularly endocrine dysfunction, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, or barrier breakdown may place many thousands of fetuses at risk for life-long neurodevelopmental impairments each year. Understanding how specific placental factors shape brain development and increase the risk for later psychiatric disorders, including autism, attention deficit disorder, and schizophrenia, paves the way for novel treatment strategies to maintain the normal developmental milieu and protect from further injury.
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112
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Li J, Fu Z, Jiang H, Chen L, Wu X, Ding H, Xia Y, Wang X, Tang Q, Wu W. IGF2-derived miR-483-3p contributes to macrosomia through regulating trophoblast proliferation by targeting RB1CC1. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:444-452. [PMID: 29939354 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)-derived miR-483-3p in macrosomia? SUMMARY ANSWER IGF2-derived intronic miR-483-3p is overexpressed in macrosomia placentas, and miR-483-3p prompts HTR-8/SVneo extravillous trophoblast cell line proliferation through down-regulation of its target RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1 (RB1CC1). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Macrosomia is a common pregnancy-associated disease and causes a number of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The development of macrosomia is reportedly attributable to over proliferation of the placental cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development of fetal and placenta by regulating their target genes. Here, we investigated the role of IGF2-derived intronic miR-483-3p in macrosomia. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The expression of IGF2, miR-483-3p and its target gene in placental tissues from 30 pregnant women who had macrosomia was compared to those of 30 gestation-matched healthy pregnant controls. For in vitro studies, the human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo cell was used. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Placenta tissues were collected from pregnant women who had macrosomia without diabetes or other complications (n = 30) and healthy pregnant controls (n = 30). HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with specific miRNA mimics or inhibitors. MiRNA and mRNA isolated from placenta tissues or cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein was measured by western blot. Cell proliferation was assayed using a colorimetric proliferation assay method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The putative targets of miR-483-3p were predicted using the TargetScan, miRanda, miRDB and DIANA algorithms. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to measure the relationship of miR-483-3p and RB1CC1. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IGF2-derived miR-483-3p was overexpressed in macrosomia placentas. miR-483-3p promoted proliferation in HTR-8/SVneo cells and had a positive relationship with its host gene IGF2. Subsequently, RB1CC1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-483-3p, which may be an important mediator of cell growth regulation for miR-483-3p. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The level of IGF2 and its intronic miR-483-3p in the serum of these participants was not investigated. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the cause of the increase of IGF2 and miR-483-3p in macrosomia. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings give a new insight into the role of intronic miRNA and its host gene in the development of macrosomia. Furthermore, it may offer a new target for prognostic and therapeutic intervention for macrosomia. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by awards from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81401213, 81673217, 81703260), Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent (No. QNRC2016110), Jiangsu Overseas Visiting Scholar Program for University Prominent Young & Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents, the Priority Academic Program for the Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Public Health and Preventive Medicine), the Education Department of Jiangsu Province (No. 16KJB330010), the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20160227), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No. 2016M601892). The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hongjuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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113
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Awobajo FO, Morakinyo AO, Samuel TA, Oyelowo OT, Ogunsola AO, Onyekwele PU, Okedina ME, Ogunbanwo OO. Dynamics of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress across maternal serum, placenta and amniotic fluid in laboratory rats and the role played by genistein aglycone. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:37-45. [PMID: 30332393 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Genistein was reported to adversely influence fetal development although this is yet to be fully understood as a mechanism. Methods In this study, pregnant rats were divided into control (Cont.) and genistein force-fed (2-mg/kg and 4-mg/kg) groups. Each group was divided further into five subgroups: GD-0, GD-6, GD-13, GD-18, and GD-20 based on the terminal gestational day (GD). On the respective terminal GD, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples and amniotic fluid were carefully collected and separated and placenta homogenates were prepared. These samples were evaluated for oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. The weights of embryonic implant and placenta tissue were also recorded. Heat shock protein (Hsp) (60 and 90), corticosterone, and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in all the samples. Results Fetal and placental weights in all genistein-exposed groups were significantly decreased. A fluctuation in the level of the Hsp was recorded with a significant decrease recorded in Hsp90 level in the placenta and amniotic fluid towards GD-20 along with a concomitant increase in the corticosterone level in the amniotic fluid in all genistein groups compared to control. Maternal serum at GD-18 and GD -20 recorded a significant increase in antioxidant level (SOD, GSH, CAT) in all genistein-exposed groups. However, these antioxidants were significantly reduced in the placenta and the amniotic fluid compared to control. Conclusions Genistein enhances the placenta function in attenuating the risk of oxidative stress in the amniotic fluid and deferentially suppressed inflammatory activities in the placenta during early gestation and towards late gestation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmileyi O Awobajo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Room 006, Block F, Idi-araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria, Phone: +23408053416937
| | - Ayodele O Morakinyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Titilola A Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi T Oyelowo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola O Ogunsola
- Department of Physiology, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo,Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Perpetual U Onyekwele
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mosunmola E Okedina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilola O Ogunbanwo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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114
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Neimark E, Wainstock T, Sheiner E, Fischer L, Pariente G. Long-term cardiovascular hospitalizations of small for gestational age (SGA) offspring born to women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ‡. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:518-524. [PMID: 30626227 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1541233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether delivery of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of long-term cardiovascular offspring hospitalizations compared to SGA neonates born to mothers without GDM. STUDY DESIGN This is a population-based retrospective cohort study. The study group was SGA offspring born to mothers with GDM (n = 259), while the control group was SGA offspring born to mothers without GDM (n = 9053). The main factor evaluated was offspring cardiovascular hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate cumulative incidence of cardiovascular hospitalizations. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for cardiovascular hospitalizations. RESULTS SGA children born to mothers with GDM had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular-related hospitalizations (1.9% vs. 0.7%, p = .026). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that SGA children born to GDM mothers had a higher cumulative incidence of cardiovascular hospitalizations (log-rank p = .037). The Cox regression model, while controlling for confounders, demonstrated that delivery of SGA neonates to mothers with GDM is independently associated with long-term cardiovascular offspring hospitalizations (adjusted HR =2.6; 95% CI 1.02-6.55 p = .045). CONCLUSION Delivery of SGA neonates born to mothers with GDM is independently associated with long-term cardiovascular offspring hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Neimark
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- b Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Laura Fischer
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Gali Pariente
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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115
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Blois SM, Dveksler G, Vasta GR, Freitag N, Blanchard V, Barrientos G. Pregnancy Galectinology: Insights Into a Complex Network of Glycan Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1166. [PMID: 31231368 PMCID: PMC6558399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins, consisting of 15 different types, each with a specific function. Galectins contribute to placentation by regulating trophoblast development, migration, and invasion during early pregnancy. In addition, galectins are critical players regulating maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. Recently, the role of galectins in angiogenesis during decidualization and in placenta formation has gained attention. Altered expression of galectins is associated with abnormal pregnancies and infertility. This review focuses on the role of galectins in pregnancy-associated processes and discusses the relevance of galectin-glycan interactions as potential therapeutic targets in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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116
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Henderson AJ, Finger BJ, Scott AW, Harvey AJ, Green MP. Acute in vitro exposure to environmentally relevant atrazine levels perturbs bovine preimplantation embryo metabolism and cell number. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:87-96. [PMID: 31129258 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely used herbicide known to negatively alter endocrine systems and perturb metabolism. Preimplantation exposure to pesticides may adversely affect long-term health, however few studies examine the effect of environmental levels and whether specific periods of development are particularly sensitive. In this study, the effect of acute, preimplantation atrazine exposure (days 3.5-7.5 post-fertilization) at levels detected and deemed safe in drinking water (0.02 and 20 μg/L respectively) on in vitro bovine embryo development, quality, metabolism, and gene expression was investigated. Atrazine exposure had no effect on development or quality, but significantly reduced blastocyst total cell numbers, attributable to a decrease in trophectoderm cells. Notably, atrazine (20 μg/L) markedly increased carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, short-term exposure to environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations perturbs bovine preimplantation embryo metabolism and cell number, highlighting a potential mechanism by which atrazine can mediate embryo viability and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh J Henderson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander W Scott
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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117
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Kroeger EN, Carson TL, Baskin ML, Langaigne A, Schneider CR, Bertrand B, Herbey II, Harper LM, Biggio JR, Chandler-Laney PC. Reasons for Late-Night Eating and Willingness to Change:A Qualitative Study in Pregnant Black Women. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:598-607. [PMID: 30579893 PMCID: PMC6511485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late-night eating during pregnancy is associated with greater risk for gestational diabetes. The purposes of this study were to describe reasons why women engage in late-night eating and to understand perceptions about changing this behavior. DESIGN Focus groups using a semi-structured interview script. SETTING Urban university-affiliated obstetric clinic. PARTICIPANTS Low-income black women (n = 18) with overweight/obesity at entry to prenatal care. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Late-night eating. ANALYSIS Exhaustive approach coding responses to specific questions. RESULTS Individual and interpersonal contributors to late-night eating included hunger, altered sleep patterns, fetal movement, and the influence of others. Food choices were largely driven by taste and convenience. Some women reported that they could alter nightly eating patterns, whereas others would consider changing only if late-night eating were associated with a severe illness or disability for the child. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There was considerable heterogeneity among the participants of this study regarding reasons for late-night eating during pregnancy and attitudes toward changing this behavior. Although the themes identified from this study cannot be generalized, they may be useful to inform future studies. Future research might develop strategies to overcome individual and social factors that contribute to late-night eating during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Kroeger
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
| | - Tiffany L Carson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Monica L Baskin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alana Langaigne
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Camille R Schneider
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Brenda Bertrand
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ivan I Herbey
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lorie M Harper
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Joseph R Biggio
- Women's Service Line, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA
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Send TS, Bardtke S, Gilles M, Wolf IAC, Sütterlin MW, Kirschbaum C, Laucht M, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Streit F, Deuschle M. Stress reactivity in preschool-aged children: Evaluation of a social stress paradigm and investigation of the impact of prenatal maternal stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:223-231. [PMID: 30471571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress is an established risk factor for somatic and psychological health of the offspring. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring has been suggested as an important mechanism. However, the impact of prenatal stress on stress reactivity in preschool-aged children is not yet well understood. This is partly due to the fact that for this age group there is no stress test as well established as for older children and adults. In the present work a previously published stress test (Kryski et al., 2011) was evaluated in a large sample of 45-month-old children (n = 339). Furthermore, the relation between measures of prenatal maternal stress and cortisol reactivity was investigated. Prenatal stress was defined as psychopathology (self-report available for n = 339; expert-rating available for a subsample of n = 246) and perceived stress (n = 244) during pregnancy. The stress paradigm elicited significant increases in salivary cortisol 30 and 40 min after the test, and 60.8% of the children were classified as responders. Lower cortisol levels after the stress test were observed in the group of children with prenatal stress defined as maternal psychopathology (both self-reported and expert-rated). Maternal perceived stress as a continuous measure was not significantly associated with cortisol levels. However, when comparing children in the highest quartile of maternal perceived stress to all other children, significantly lower cortisol values were observed in the prenatally stressed group. The present study confirms the paradigm by Kryski et al. as an effective stress test for preschool-aged children. Moreover, it provides further evidence that prenatal stress impacts HPA axis reactivity. Future studies should target the timing, nature, and intensity of prenatal stressors and their effect on the stress response in offspring at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Send
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany.
| | - S Bardtke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gilles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I A C Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M W Sütterlin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - S H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - F Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Deuschle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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119
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Vassallo BG, Litwa HP, Haussmann MF, Paitz RT. In ovo metabolism and yolk glucocorticoid concentration interact to influence embryonic glucocorticoid exposure patterns. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 272:57-62. [PMID: 30500372 PMCID: PMC7480747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates release glucocorticoids during stressful events. If stress occurs during reproduction, the resulting offspring can show altered phenotypes that are thought to arise from increased exposure to maternal glucocorticoids. Developing offspring can metabolize maternal glucocorticoids, which can alter the pattern of exposure they encounter. For egg laying vertebrates, we are just beginning to understand how embryonic steroid metabolism impacts embryonic exposure to maternal glucocorticoids. Here we injected three doses of radioactive corticosterone into Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to determine the degree of embryonic exposure at days six and nine of development. We found that increasing injection dose increased the amount of radioactivity found in the embryo at day six but by day nine the effect of injection dose disappeared as the amount of radioactivity within the embryo dropped to equivalent levels for all three doses. Interestingly, when examined as a percentage of initial dose, there were no differences between treatment groups at any time points. Importantly, using thin-layer chromatography we characterized that some free steroid, putatively identified as corticosterone, does reach the developing embryo. Together, our data suggest that the in ovo metabolism of maternal corticosterone can eventually eliminate it from the egg, but before this happens, embryos developing in eggs with elevated amounts of maternal corticosterone are exposed to higher levels early in development. This has important implications for how we understand the developmental steroid environment and the mechanisms underlying maternal stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Vassallo
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Hannah P Litwa
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Mark F Haussmann
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Ryan T Paitz
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
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120
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Schmidt M, Lax E, Zhou R, Cheishvili D, Ruder AM, Ludiro A, Lapert F, Macedo da Cruz A, Sandrini P, Calzoni T, Vaisheva F, Brandwein C, Luoni A, Massart R, Lanfumey L, Riva MA, Deuschle M, Gass P, Szyf M. Fetal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) deficiency alters the landscape of DNA methylation of murine placenta in a sex-dependent manner and is associated to anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:23. [PMID: 30655507 PMCID: PMC6336883 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress defines long-term phenotypes through epigenetic programming of the offspring. These effects are potentially mediated by glucocorticoid release and by sex. We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (Gr, Nr3c1) fashions the DNA methylation profile of offspring. Consistent with this hypothesis, fetal Nr3c1 heterozygosity leads to altered DNA methylation landscape in fetal placenta in a sex-specific manner. There was a significant overlap of differentially methylated genes in fetal placenta and adult frontal cortex in Nr3c1 heterozygotes. Phenotypically, Nr3c1 heterozygotes show significantly more anxiety-like behavior than wildtype. DNA methylation status of fetal placental tissue is significantly correlated with anxiety-like behavior of the same animals in adulthood. Thus, placental DNA methylation might predict behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. Our data supports the hypothesis that Nr3c1 influences DNA methylation at birth and that DNA methylation in placenta correlates with adult frontal cortex DNA methylation and anxiety-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schmidt
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Elad Lax
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Rudy Zhou
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - David Cheishvili
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Arne Mathias Ruder
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Ludiro
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Florian Lapert
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Macedo da Cruz
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Sandrini
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Calzoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Farida Vaisheva
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Luoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud Massart
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 0638 6979grid.417896.5Inserm, U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- 0000 0004 0638 6979grid.417896.5Inserm, U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, UMRS894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Deuschle
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moshe Szyf
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
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Bleker LS, de Rooij SR, Roseboom TJ. Malnutrition and depression in pregnancy and associations with child behaviour and cognitive function: a review of recent evidence on unique and joint effects 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:158-173. [PMID: 30624959 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that prenatal experiences can shape a child's neurodevelopment. Malnutrition and depression occur in pregnancy relatively often and may affect child neurodevelopment independently as well as synergistically. We aimed to provide an overview of recent studies that have examined malnutrition and (or) depression in pregnancy and associations with child behavioural problems and cognitive function. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, using the following main search terms: "depression", "nutrition", "BMI", "pregnancy", "offspring", "cognition", and "behaviour". We included studies in human populations published from 2013 onwards. The literature search yielded 1531 articles, of which 55 were included in the current review. We presented the evidence on the associations between prenatal markers of nutritional status and (or) depression and child behaviour and (or) cognitive function. We additionally discussed interventions and mechanisms. Both malnutrition and depression in pregnancy are associated with increased externalizing behavioural problems and attentional deficits, and to some extent with poorer cognitive function in the child, but the evidence is not conclusive. Studies on synergistic effects of both factors on child behaviour and cognitive function are still scarce, and more research is needed. Potential shared mechanisms include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system, epigenetics, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Bleker
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,b Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- b Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,b Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ye L, Hu R, Liu L, Liu J, Liu J, Chen H, Hu Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu C, Tng DJH, Meng Y, Qu J, Swihart MT, Yong KT. Comparing Semiconductor Nanocrystal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice and Non-Human Primates. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:54-65. [PMID: 30662823 PMCID: PMC6328306 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.27452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite growing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in applications from electronics to medicine, the potential risk to human health remains a critical concern within clinical use. ENM exposure during pregnancy can potentially cause reproductive toxicity even at levels that produce no measurable harm to animals in normal conditions. Methods: Phospholipid micelle-encapsulated CdSe/CdS/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 60 nm were intravenously injected during pregnancy in both rodent and nonhuman primate animal models. Cadmium concentration levels and maternal haematological and biochemical markers were determined, along with histopathological examination of major organs. Results: Nanocrystals were found to have crossed the placenta from mother to fetus in both rodents and nonhuman primates. However, the animal models display different responses with respect to reproductive toxicity. In the rodent model, toxicity symptoms are absent in treated subjects, with no observed gestational or fetal abnormalities and complications. A significantly higher miscarriage rate of 60% is recorded for macaques after prenatal nanoparticle administration. There was a miscarriage rate of 15% in the general population despite only ~0.16% of the initial cadmium dose present in the fetus. Blood and biochemical markers of treated macaques indicate acute hepatocellular injury within a week after nanoparticle administration. Histology of major organs of the miscarried macaque fetuses show no abnormalities. Conclusion: The potential of nanomaterials to cross the placenta and impact fetal survival in primates suggest the necessity of precautionary measures to prevent gestational exposure of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yazhuo Hu
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Beijing Key Lab of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Nan-Lou Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Nan-Lou Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | | | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, USA
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Batistel F, Alharthi AS, Yambao RRC, Elolimy AA, Pan YX, Parys C, Loor JJ. Methionine Supply During Late-Gestation Triggers Offspring Sex-Specific Divergent Changes in Metabolic and Epigenetic Signatures in Bovine Placenta. J Nutr 2019; 149:6-17. [PMID: 30608595 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonruminant male and female offspring respond differently to gestational nutrition, with placenta contributing to the underlying mechanisms. However, similar data are lacking in large ruminants. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of methionine supply during late-gestation on metabolism and DNA methylation in placenta from cows carrying male or female calves. Methods During the last 28 d of pregnancy, cows were individually fed a control diet (CON) or the control diet plus rumen-protected d,l-methionine (MET; 0.9 g/kg dry matter intake). Placentomes collected at term were classified according to cow dietary treatment and offspring sex as follows: Male CON (n = 7), Male MET (n = 7), Female CON (n = 8), and Female MET (n = 8). Calf growth was measured until 9 wk of age. Targeted metabolomics, RT-PCR, global DNA methylation, and activity of selected enzymes in one-carbon metabolism and transsulfuration pathways were performed. Statistics were conducted via ANOVA using MIXED models. Results At birth, Male MET calves were heavier than Male CON calves (7.6%, P = 0.02), but body mass was similar at 9 wk of age. In contrast, compared with Female CON, Female MET calves had greater body mass at 9 wk of age (6.3%, P = 0.03). Compared with Male CON, placenta from Male MET calves had greater concentrations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and transsulfuration intermediates (23-100%, P < 0.05), along with greater 5-methyltetrahydrofolatehomocysteine methyltransferase activity (67%, P = 0.03). Compared with Female CON, placenta from Female MET calves had greater concentrations of one-carbon metabolism intermediates (13-52%, P < 0.05). DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) was upregulated (43%, P < 0.01) in placenta from Female MET compared with Female CON calves. Global DNA methylation was lower in placenta from Female MET compared with Female CON calves (45%, P = 0.06). Conclusions Methionine supply affects placental metabolism, DNA methylation, and body mass of the calf in a sex-specific manner, underscoring its importance as dietary methyl-donor for pregnant cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Batistel
- Departments of Animal Sciences.,Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | | | | | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Claudia Parys
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Juan J Loor
- Departments of Animal Sciences.,Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Philippat C, Heude B, Botton J, Alfaidy N, Calafat AM, Slama R. Prenatal Exposure to Select Phthalates and Phenols and Associations with Fetal and Placental Weight among Male Births in the EDEN Cohort (France). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:17002. [PMID: 30624098 PMCID: PMC6381819 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta performs crucial physiological functions to ensure normal fetal development. Few epidemiological studies investigated placental weight sensitivity to phthalates and phenols. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to explore whether maternal exposure to select phthalates and phenols is associated with changes in placental weight at birth and in placental–to–birth weight ratio (PFR). METHODS Placental weight and birth weight were available for 473 mother–son pairs in the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants pré et postnatals du développement et de la santé de l'Enfant) cohort for whom 9 phenols (4 parabens, 2 dichlorophenols, triclosan, benzophenone-3, bisphenol A) and 11 phthalate metabolites were measured in spot urine samples collected between weeks 23 and 29 of gestation. We used adjusted Elastic Net penalized regression models (ENET) to select biomarkers associated with placental weight, birth weight and PFR. Unpenalized effect estimates were then obtained by fitting linear regression models simultaneously adjusted for the ENET-selected biomarkers and a priori chosen confounders. RESULTS The multipollutant ENET model for placental weight retained four biomarkers: triclosan and monocarboxy-isononyl phthalate (MCNP), which were negatively associated with placental weight, and benzophenone-3 and the sum of parabens, which were positively associated with this outcome. The ENET model for PFR retained two phthalate metabolites [MCNP and monocarboxy-isooctyl phthalate (MCOP)], which were negatively associated with this outcome. DISCUSSION The positive association between the sum of parabens and placental weight was consistent with results of a previous study among 49 male births. Our results provide preliminary evidence of possible associations between other compounds such as triclosan, benzophenone-3, MCNP, and MCOP and both placental weight and PFR. These associations were not reported in previous studies and should be seen as hypothesis generating. Studies relying on repeated assessments of exposure in prospective mother–child cohorts are needed to substantiate the plausibility of the hypotheses generated by our results. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Philippat
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm U1209, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité de recherche (UMR) 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development (ORCHAD) Team, Inserm 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Centre (CRESS), Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérémie Botton
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Inserm U1036, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm U1209, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité de recherche (UMR) 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Diz-Chaves Y, Toba L, Fandiño J, González-Matías LC, Garcia-Segura LM, Mallo F. The GLP-1 analog, liraglutide prevents the increase of proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of male rat pups submitted to maternal perinatal food restriction. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:337. [PMID: 30518432 PMCID: PMC6282252 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal maternal malnutrition is related to altered growth of tissues and organs. The nervous system development is very sensitive to environmental insults, being the hippocampus a vulnerable structure, in which altered number of neurons and granular cells has been observed. Moreover, glial cells are also affected, and increased expression of proinflammatory mediators has been observed. We studied the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, liraglutide, which have very potent metabolic and neuroprotective effects, in order to ameliorate/prevent the glial alterations present in the hippocampus of the pups from mothers with food restriction during pregnancy and lactation (maternal perinatal food restriction—MPFR). Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 50% food restriction (FR; n = 12) or ad libitum controls (CT, n = 12) groups at day of pregnancy 12 (GD12). From GD14 to parturition, pregnant FR and CT rats were treated with liraglutide (100 μg/kg) or vehicle. At postnatal day 21 and before weaning, 48 males and 45 females (CT and MPFR) were sacrificed. mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κβ, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHCII), interleukin 10 (IL10), arginase 1 (Arg1), and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) were assessed in the hippocampus by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Iba1 and GFAP-immunoreactivity were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results The mRNA expression IL1β, IL6, NF-κB, and MHCII increased in the hippocampus of male but not in female pups from MPFR. In addition, there was an increase in the percentage of GFAP and Iba1-immupositive cells in the dentate gyrus compared to controls, indicating an inflammatory response in the brain. On the other hand, liraglutide treatment prevented the neuroinflammatory process, promoting the production of anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL10, TGFβ, and arginase 1, and decreasing the number and reactivity of microglial cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of male pups. Conclusion Therefore, the GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, emerges as neuroprotective drug that minimizes the harmful effects of maternal food restriction, decreasing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain.
| | - L Toba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - J Fandiño
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - L C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, E-28002, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
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Maternal Lifetime Trauma and Birthweight: Effect Modification by In Utero Cortisol and Child Sex. J Pediatr 2018; 203:301-308. [PMID: 30197200 PMCID: PMC6398337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between maternal lifetime traumatic stress and offspring birthweight and examine modifying effects of third trimester cortisol and fetal sex. STUDY DESIGN Analyses included 314 mother-infant dyads from an ethnically mixed pregnancy cohort. Maternal lifetime trauma was reported via the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised. Fenton birthweight for gestational age z-scores (BWGA-z) were calculated. A 3-cm scalp-nearest maternal hair segment collected at birth was assayed to reflect cumulative third trimester cortisol secretion. Multivariable regression was used to investigate associations between maternal lifetime trauma and BWGA-z and examine 2- and 3-way interactions with cortisol and fetal sex. Because subjects with low or high cortisol levels could represent susceptible populations, varying coefficient models that relax the linearity assumption on cortisol level were used to assess the modification of maternal lifetime trauma associations with BWGA-z as a function of cortisol. RESULTS Women were primarily minorities (41% Hispanic, 26% black) with ≤12 years education (63%); 63% reported ≥1 traumatic event. Prenatal cortisol modified the association between maternal lifetime trauma and birthweight. Women with higher lifetime trauma and increased cortisol had significantly lower birthweight infants in males; among males exposed to the 90th percentile of cortisol, a 1-unit increase in trauma score was associated with a 0.19-unit decrease in BWGA-z (95% CI, -0.34 to -0.04). Associations among females were nonsignificant, regardless of cortisol level. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need to consider complex interactions among maternal trauma, disrupted in utero cortisol production, and fetal sex to fully elucidate intergenerational effects of maternal lifetime trauma.
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Álvarez D, Ceballo K, Olguín S, Martinez-Pinto J, Maliqueo M, Fernandois D, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G. Prenatal metformin treatment improves ovarian function in offspring of obese rats. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:325-338. [PMID: 30334444 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity causes a wide range of impairment in offspring, such as metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions. We previously demonstrated that female offspring of obese rats have increased serum estradiol levels during early postnatal life, probably because of decreased hepatic cytochrome P450 3A2 levels, which could lead to early onset of puberty and polycystic ovary condition in adulthood. Using metformin during pregnancy and nursing to improve the metabolic status of obese mothers could prevent the sequence of events that lead to an increase in postnatal serum estradiol levels in female offspring and, hence, reproductive dysfunction. We found that metformin prevented an increase in serum estradiol levels at postnatal day 14 in female offspring of obese mothers, which was associated with a restoration of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A2 levels to control values. Treatment using metformin could not prevent advanced puberty, but we observed that the number of antral follicles, follicular cysts and multi-oocyte follicles returned to control values in the female offspring of obese mothers treated with metformin. We also observed an increase in the levels of norepinephrine and the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in the ovaries, indicating increased sympathetic activity in female offspring induced by an obesogenic uterine environment. We found that this effect was prevented by metformin administration. From the results of this study, we concluded that metformin administration to obese mothers during pregnancy and nursing partially prevents ovarian dysfunction in female offspring during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Alteraciones Reproductivas y Metabólicas, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Laboratorio de Alteraciones Reproductivas y Metabólicas, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sofía Olguín
- Laboratorio de Alteraciones Reproductivas y Metabólicas, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Pinto
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Department of Medicine West Division, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- Laboratorio de Alteraciones Reproductivas y Metabólicas, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Laboratorio de Alteraciones Reproductivas y Metabólicas, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Edlow AG, Glass RM, Smith CJ, Tran PK, James K, Bilbo S. Placental Macrophages: A Window Into Fetal Microglial Function in Maternal Obesity. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 77:60-68. [PMID: 30465871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal placental macrophages and microglia (resident brain macrophages) have a common origin in the fetal yolk sac. Yolk-sac-derived macrophages comprise the permanent pool of brain microglia throughout an individual's lifetime. Inappropriate fetal microglial priming may therefore have lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences, but direct evaluation of microglial function in a living fetus or neonate is impossible. We sought to test the hypothesis that maternal obesity would prime both placental macrophages and fetal brain microglia to overrespond to an immune challenge, thus providing a window into microglial function using placental cells. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 J mice using a 60% high-fat diet. On embryonic day 17.5, fetal brain microglia and corresponding CD11b + placental cells were isolated from fresh tissue. Cells were treated with media or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by stimulated and unstimulated cells was quantified via ELISA. We demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory cytokine production of CD11b + placental cells is strongly correlated with that of brain microglia (Spearman's ρ = 0.73, p = 0.002) in the setting of maternal obesity. Maternal obesity-exposed CD11b + cells had an exaggerated response to LPS compared to controls, with a 5.1-fold increase in TNF-α production in placentas (p = 0.003) and 3.8-fold increase in TNF-α production in brains (p = 0.002). In sex-stratified analyses, only male obesity-exposed brains and placentas had significant increase in TNF-α production in response to LPS. Taken together, these data suggest that maternal obesity primes both placental macrophages and fetal brain microglia to overproduce a proinflammatory cytokine in response to immune challenge. Male brain and placental immune response is more marked than female in this setting. Given that fetal microglial priming may impact neuroimmune function throughout the lifespan, these data could provide insight into the male predominance of certain neurodevelopmental morbidities linked to maternal obesity, including cognitive dysfunction, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD. Placental CD11b+ macrophages may have the potential to serve as an accessible biomarker of aberrant fetal brain immune activation in maternal obesity. This finding may have broader implications for assaying the impact of other maternal exposures on fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Edlow
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology
| | - Ruthy M Glass
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology
| | - Caroline J Smith
- Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children
| | - Phuong Kim Tran
- Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children
| | - Kaitlyn James
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Deborah Kelly Center for Outcomes Research
| | - Staci Bilbo
- Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children
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Abstract
Two sets of evidence reviewed herein, one indicating that prenatal stress is associated with elevated behavioral and physiological dysregulation and the other that such phenotypic functioning is itself associated with heightened susceptibility to positive and negative environmental influences postnatally, raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (2011) that prenatal stress fosters, promotes, or "programs" postnatal developmental plasticity. Here we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including new experimental research systematically manipulating both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Collectively this work would seem to explain why prenatal stress has so consistently been linked to problematic development: stresses encountered prenatally are likely to continue postnatally, thereby adversely affecting the development of children programmed (by prenatal stress) to be especially susceptible to environmental effects. Less investigated are the potential benefits prenatal stress may promote, due to increased plasticity, when the postnatal environment proves to be favorable. Future directions of research pertaining to potential mechanisms instantiating postnatal plasticity and moderators of such prenatal-programming effects are outlined.
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130
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Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, Reynolds CM, Vickers MH. The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3342. [PMID: 30373146 PMCID: PMC6274679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious pregnancy complication, in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes develop chronic hyperglycemia during gestation. In most cases, this hyperglycemia is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of chronic insulin resistance. Risk factors for GDM include overweight and obesity, advanced maternal age, and a family history or any form of diabetes. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and macrosomia and birth complications in the infant. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the child. GDM affects approximately 16.5% of pregnancies worldwide, and this number is set to increase with the escalating obesity epidemic. While several management strategies exist-including insulin and lifestyle interventions-there is not yet a cure or an efficacious prevention strategy. One reason for this is that the molecular mechanisms underlying GDM are poorly defined. This review discusses what is known about the pathophysiology of GDM, and where there are gaps in the literature that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Plows
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Philip N Baker
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Trophoblast: The central unit of fetal growth, protection and programming. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 105:35-40. [PMID: 30266525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is the first organ to be created during mammalian development. As the main link between the mother and the fetus it has more diverse functions than any other organ, serving as a digestive, excretory, respiratory, endocrine, and immune system. The outer layer of the placenta, the trophoblast, plays a key role in fetal development by orchestrating all these functions. Recent research has associated perturbations of maternal conditions (such as malnutrition, stress or inflammation) with alterations of the trophoblasts' endocrine, transport and metabolic processes. As reviewed here, adaptations to these conditions enable the fetus to survive, but at the cost of permanently changing its physiology and structure. Moreover, these adaptations trigger fetal programming that increases predisposition to various pathological conditions in adult life, typically metabolic, cardiovascular or CNS diseases.
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132
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Vahdaninia M, Mackenzie H, Dean T, Helps S. The effectiveness of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid interventions during pregnancy on obesity measures in the offspring: an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2597-2613. [PMID: 30251019 PMCID: PMC6769093 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential role of ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation during pregnancy on subsequent risk of obesity outcomes in the offspring is not clear and there is a need to synthesise this evidence. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including the most recent studies, was conducted to assess the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA interventions during pregnancy on obesity measures, e.g. BMI, body weight, fat mass in offspring. METHODS Included RCTs had a minimum of 1-month follow-up post-partum. The search included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WHO's International Clinical Trials Reg., E-theses and Web of Science databases. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RESULTS Eleven RCTs, from ten unique trials, (3644 children) examined the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA maternal supplementation during pregnancy on the development of obesity outcomes in offspring. There were heterogeneities between the trials in terms of their sample, type and duration of intervention and follow-up. Pooled estimates did not show an association between prenatal intake of fatty acids and obesity measures in offspring. CONCLUSION These results indicate that maternal supplementation with ω-3 LCPUFA during pregnancy does not have a beneficial effect on obesity risk. Due to the high heterogeneity between studies along with small sample sizes and high rates of attrition, the effects of ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy for prevention of childhood obesity in the long-term remains unclear. Large high-quality RCTs are needed that are designed specifically to examine the effect of prenatal intake of fatty acids for prevention of childhood obesity. There is also a need to determine specific sub-groups in the population that might get a greater benefit and whether different ω-3 LCPUFA, i.e. eicosapentaenoic (EPA) vs. docosahexanoic (DHA) acids might potentially have different effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Vahdaninia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
| | - H Mackenzie
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK
| | - T Dean
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK.,Research and Enterprise, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - S Helps
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK
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133
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Hartman S, Belsky J. Prenatal stress and enhanced developmental plasticity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1759-1779. [PMID: 30206701 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two separate lines of inquiry indicate (a) that prenatal stress is associated with heightened behavioral and physiological reactivity, and (b) that these postnatal phenotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to both positive and negative developmental experiences and environmental exposures. This research considered together raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (Dev Psychopathol 23:29-38, 2011) that prenatal-stress fosters, promotes or "programs" postnatal developmental plasticity. In this paper, we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including a novel animal study which experimentally manipulated both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Directions for future work focused on mechanisms mediating the plasticity-inducing effects of prenatal stress and the moderators of such effects are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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134
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Wadhwani N, Patil V, Joshi S. Maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:143-152. [PMID: 28888333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing fetal growth and birth outcome. Any nutritional insult starting several weeks before pregnancy and during critical periods of gestation is known to influence fetal development and increase the risk for diseases during later life. Literature suggests that chronic adult diseases may have their origin during early life - a concept referred to as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) which states that adverse exposures early in life "program" risks for later chronic disorders. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are known to have an effect on fetal programming. The placental supply of optimal levels of LCPUFA to the fetus during early life is extremely important for the normal growth and development of both placenta and fetus. Any alteration in placental development will result in adverse pregnancy outcome such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A disturbed materno-fetal LCPUFA supply is known to be linked with each of these pathologies. Further, a disturbed LCPUFA metabolism is reported to be associated with a number of metabolic disorders. It is likely that LCPUFA supplementation during early pregnancy may be beneficial in improving the health of the mother, improving birth outcome and thereby reducing the risk of diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Vidya Patil
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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135
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Klein CP, Dos Santos Rodrigues K, Hözer RM, de Sá Couto-Pereira N, Saccomori AB, Dal Magro BM, Crestani MS, Hoppe JB, Salbego CG, Dalmaz C, Matté C. Swimming exercise before and during pregnancy: Promising preventive approach to impact offspring´s health. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:83-93. [PMID: 30172896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several environmental factors affect child development, such as the intrauterine environment during the embryonic and fetal development and early postnatal environment provided by maternal behavior. Although mechanistic effects of maternal exercise on offspring health improvement are not yet completely understood, the number of reports published demonstrating the positive influence of maternal exercise have increase. Herein, we addressed issues related to early postnatal environment provided by maternal behavior and early developmental physical landmarks, sensorimotor reflexes, and motor movements ontogeny. In brief, adult female rats underwent involuntary swimming exercise, in a moderated intensity, one week before mating and throughout pregnancy, 30 min a day, 5 days a week. Maternal exercised dams have unchanged gestational outcomes compared to sedentary dams. We found no differences concerning the frequency of pup-directed behavior displayed by dams. However, sedentary dams displayed a poorer pattern of maternal care quality during dark cycle than exercised dams. Physical landmarks and sensorimotor reflexes development of female and male littermates did not differ between maternal groups. Developmental motor parameters such as immobility, lateral head movements, head elevation, pivoting, rearing with forelimb support and crawling frequencies did not differ between groups. Pups born to exercised dams presented higher frequency of walking and rearing on the hind legs. These data suggest that female and male littermates of exercised group present a high frequency of exploratory behavior over sedentary littermates. Taken together, the present findings reinforce that maternal exercise throughout pregnancy represent a window of opportunity to improve offspring's postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Peres Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karoline Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Régis Mateus Hözer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Brum Saccomori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Mariño Dal Magro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Scortegagna Crestani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bender Hoppe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christianne Gazzana Salbego
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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136
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Romero R, Kim YM, Pacora P, Kim CJ, Benshalom-Tirosh N, Jaiman S, Bhatti G, Kim JS, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Jung EJ, Yeo L, Panaitescu B, Maymon E, Hassan SS, Hsu CD, Erez O. The frequency and type of placental histologic lesions in term pregnancies with normal outcome. J Perinat Med 2018; 46:613-630. [PMID: 30044764 PMCID: PMC6174692 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the frequency and type of histopathologic lesions in placentas delivered by women with a normal pregnancy outcome. Methods This retrospective cohort study included placental samples from 944 women with a singleton gestation who delivered at term without obstetrical complications. Placental lesions were classified into the following four categories as defined by the Society for Pediatric Pathology and by our unit: (1) acute placental inflammation, (2) chronic placental inflammation, (3) maternal vascular malperfusion and (4) fetal vascular malperfusion. Results (1) Seventy-eight percent of the placentas had lesions consistent with inflammatory or vascular lesions; (2) acute inflammatory lesions were the most prevalent, observed in 42.3% of the placentas, but only 1.0% of the lesions were severe; (3) acute inflammatory lesions were more common in the placentas of women with labor than in those without labor; (4) chronic inflammatory lesions of the placenta were present in 29.9%; and (5) maternal and fetal vascular lesions of malperfusion were detected in 35.7% and 19.7%, respectively. Two or more lesions with maternal or fetal vascular features consistent with malperfusion (high-burden lesions) were present in 7.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Conclusion Most placentas had lesions consistent with inflammatory or vascular lesions, but severe and/or high-burden lesions were infrequent. Mild placental lesions may be interpreted either as acute changes associated with parturition or as representative of a subclinical pathological process (intra-amniotic infection or sterile intra-amniotic inflammation) that did not affect the clinical course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Neta Benshalom-Tirosh
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Sunil Jaiman
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Suzanne M. Jacques
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Eun Jung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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137
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Nitric oxide and the biology of pregnancy. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 110:71-74. [PMID: 30076925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of both maternal and fetal homeostasis during pregnancy, facilitating the maternal cardio-vascular changes, fetal development and growth and adaptation to extrauterine life. Dysfunction of the NO system during pregnancy is associated to placental and vascular-related diseases such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Emerging therapeutic strategies involving NO precursors, NO donors, natural derivatives or pharmacological modulators of the NO system seem hold promise for the treatment of such conditions of pregnancy.
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138
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Xu K, Liu G, Fu C. The Tryptophan Pathway Targeting Antioxidant Capacity in the Placenta. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1054797. [PMID: 30140360 PMCID: PMC6081554 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1054797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The placenta plays a vital role in fetal development during pregnancy. Dysfunction of the placenta can be caused by oxidative stress and can lead to abnormal fetal development. Preventing oxidative stress of the placenta is thus an important measure to ensure positive birth outcomes. Research shows that tryptophan and its metabolites can efficiently clean free radicals (including the reactive oxygen species and activated chlorine). Consequently, tryptophan and its metabolites are suggested to act as potent antioxidants in the placenta. However, the mechanism of these antioxidant properties in the placenta is still unknown. In this review, we summarize research on the antioxidant properties of tryptophan, tryptophan metabolites, and metabolic enzymes. Two predicted mechanisms of tryptophan's antioxidant properties are discussed. (1) Tryptophan could activate the phosphorylation of p62 after the activation of mTORC1; phosphorylated p62 then uncouples the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1, and activated Nrf2 enters the nucleus to induce expressions of antioxidant proteins, thus improving cellular antioxidation. (2) 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, a tryptophan kynurenine pathway metabolite, changes conformation of Keap1, inducing the dissociation of Nrf2 and Keap1, activating Nrf2 to enter the nucleus and induce expressions of antioxidant proteins (such as HO-1), thereby enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity. These mechanisms may enrich the theory of how to apply tryptophan as an antioxidant during pregnancy, providing technical support for its use in regulating the pregnancy's redox status and enriching our understanding of amino acids' nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Fajersztajn L, Veras MM. Hypoxia: From Placental Development to Fetal Programming. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1377-1385. [PMID: 29105382 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia may influence normal and different pathological processes. Low oxygenation activates a variety of responses, many of them regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 complex, which is mostly involved in cellular control of O2 consumption and delivery, inhibition of growth and development, and promotion of anaerobic metabolism. Hypoxia plays a significant physiological role in fetal development; it is involved in different embryonic processes, for example, placentation, angiogenesis, and hematopoiesis. More recently, fetal hypoxia has been associated directly or indirectly with fetal programming of heart, brain, and kidney function and metabolism in adulthood. In this review, the role of hypoxia in fetal development, placentation, and fetal programming is summarized. Hypoxia is a basic mechanism involved in different pregnancy disorders and fetal health developmental complications. Although there are scientific data showing that hypoxia mediates changes in the growth trajectory of the fetus, modulates gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms, and determines the health status later in adulthood, more mechanistic studies are needed. Furthermore, if we consider that intrauterine hypoxia is not a rare event, and can be a consequence of unavoidable exposures to air pollution, nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and other very common conditions (drug addiction and stress), the health of future generations may be damaged and the incidence of some diseases will markedly increase as a consequence of disturbed fetal programming. Birth Defects Research 109:1377-1385, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Fajersztajn
- LIM 05 Departamento de Patologia, Hospital da Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- LIM 05 Departamento de Patologia, Hospital da Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
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140
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Ali A, Cui X, Alexander S, Eyles D. The placental immune response is dysregulated developmentally vitamin D deficient rats: Relevance to autism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 180:73-80. [PMID: 29408533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that maternal or developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency is a risk factor for Autism Spectrum Disorders. A well-established association has also been found between gestational infection and increased incidence of autism. Placenta mediates the maternal immune response in respect to the foetus. The placenta is also a major source of vitamin D and locally produced vitamin D is an essential regulator of immune function during pregnancy. Here we investigate the effects of DVD-deficiency on baseline placental immune status and in response to the well-known viral and bacterial immune activating agents polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show DVD-deficiency does not affect baseline inflammatory cytokines in placenta. However, when challenged with poly(I:C) but not LPS, DVD-deficient placentas from male foetuses had higher production of IL-6 and 1L-1β compared to control placentas. This suggests the developing DVD-deficient male foetus may be particularly vulnerable to maternal viral exposures. This in turn may have adverse implications for the developing male brain. In conclusion, a dysregulated placental immune response may provide a plausible mechanism for both the epidemiological links between DVD-deficiency and increased male incidence of developmental conditions such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ali
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne Alexander
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, 4076, Australia
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, 4076, Australia.
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141
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Szpera-Gozdziewicz A, Kosicka K, Gozdziewicz T, Krzyscin M, Wirstlein P, Siemiatkowska A, Glowka F, Wender-Ozegowska E, Breborowicz GH. Maternal Serum Endocan Concentration in Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:370-376. [PMID: 29742984 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118773480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endocan plays a role in the development of vascular tissue in health and disease and is an indicator of endothelial cells activation and angiogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal endocan serum level and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as well as ultrasound Doppler flow measurements indicating placental insufficiency. METHODS This study included a group of women with IUGR (n = 37) and a group of healthy pregnant women (controls, n = 37). The endocan serum concentrations were assessed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Every woman underwent an ultrasound examination with Doppler flow measurements of the uterine arteries, umbilical vessels, and fetal middle cerebral artery. We used the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) to determine placental insufficiency. RESULTS We found significant differences in median (interquartile) endocan serum level (pg/mL) between study and control groups (464 [374-532] vs 339 [189-496], respectively; P < .001). The endocan serum level correlated neither with umbilical cord blood gases nor with Apgar score. Ultrasound Doppler findings revealed significant differences in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI), umbilical artery PI, CPR, as well as mean uterine arteries PI between IUGR group and controls. In the study group, we found significant correlations between the serum endocan and CPR ( R = 0.56, P < .001) as well as between serum endocan and mean uterine arteries PI ( R = 0.46, P = .006). CONCLUSION Endocan is likely involved in the pathogenesis of IUGR in pregnant women and possibly is a useful marker of endothelial dysfunction in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szpera-Gozdziewicz
- 1 Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kosicka
- 2 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gozdziewicz
- 3 Division of Gynecology, Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariola Krzyscin
- 1 Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Wirstlein
- 4 Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Siemiatkowska
- 2 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Franciszek Glowka
- 2 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- 2 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz H Breborowicz
- 1 Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Riesche L, Tardif SD, Ross CN, deMartelly VA, Ziegler T, Rutherford JN. The common marmoset monkey: avenues for exploring the prenatal, placental, and postnatal mechanisms in developmental programming of pediatric obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R684-R692. [PMID: 29412686 PMCID: PMC6008109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00164.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been critical in building evidence that the prenatal experience and intrauterine environment are capable of exerting profound and permanent effects on metabolic health through developmental programming of obesity. However, despite physiological and evolutionary similarities, nonhuman primate models are relatively rare. The common marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has been used as a biomedical model for well more than 50 years and has recently been framed as an appropriate model for exploring early-life impacts on later health and disease. The spontaneous, multifactorial, and early-life development of obesity in the common marmoset make it a valuable research model for advancing our knowledge about the role of the prenatal and placental mechanisms involved in developmental programming of obesity. This paper provides a brief overview of obesity in the common marmoset, followed by a discussion of marmoset reproduction and placental characteristics. We then discuss the occurrence and utility of variable intrauterine environments in developmental programming in marmosets. Evidence of developmental programming of obesity will be given, and finally, we put forward future directions and innovations for including the placenta in developmental programming of obesity in the common marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laren Riesche
- University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Toni Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center , Madison, Wisconsin
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Placental pathology predicts infantile physical development during first 18 months in Japanese population: Hamamatsu birth cohort for mothers and children (HBC Study). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194988. [PMID: 29634735 PMCID: PMC5892873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between placental pathological findings and physiological development during the neonate and infantile periods. Study participants were 258 infants from singleton pregnancies enrolled in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study) whose placentas were stored in our pathological division. They were followed up from birth to 18 months of age. Physiological development (body weight and the ponderal index [PI]) was assessed at 0, 1, 4, 6, 10, 14, and 18 months. Placental blocks were prepared by random sampling and eleven pathological findings were assessed, as follows: 'Accelerated villous maturation', 'Decidual vasculopathy', 'Thrombosis or Intramural fibrin deposition', 'Avascular villi', 'Delayed villous maturation', 'Maternal inflammatory response', 'Fetal inflammatory response', 'Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE)', 'Deciduitis', 'Maternal vascular malperfusion', and 'Fetal vascular malperfusion'. Mixed model analysis with the use of the xtmixed command by the generic statistical software, Stata version 13.1., identified 'Accelerated villous maturation' and 'Maternal vascular malperfusion' as significant predictors of a lower body weight and 'Deciduitis' as a significant predictor of a small PI, throughout the first 18 months of life. In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate that some pathological findings of the placenta are associated with changes in infantile physical development during the initial 18 months of life in the Japanese population.
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144
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Liu Y, Li H, Sha Q, Hai R, Wang Y, Song Y, Gao F. Effects of maternal undernutrition on the growth, development and antioxidant status of ovine placentome subtypes during late pregnancy. Theriogenology 2018; 110:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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145
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Dutta A, Khramtsova G, Brito K, Alexander D, Mueller A, Chinthala S, Adu D, Ibigbami T, Olamijulo J, Odetunde A, Adigun K, Pruitt L, Hurley I, Olopade O, Ojengbede O, Rana S, Olopade CO. Household air pollution and chronic hypoxia in the placenta of pregnant Nigerian women: A randomized controlled ethanol Cookstove intervention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:212-220. [PMID: 29149745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household air pollution (HAP) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVES Investigate impact of in-utero HAP exposure on placental development and chronic hypoxia. METHODS Markers of chronic placental hypoxia [Hofbauer cells (HBC), syncytial knots (SK), chorionic vascular density (cVD) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)] were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and/or immunohistochemically in placenta samples collected from firewood-/kerosene-users (A,n=16), and ethanol-users (B,n=20) that participated in a randomized controlled intervention trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. A third group of non-smoking and presumed natural gas-using Chicago women (C,n=12) were included in this exploratory pilot to assess for possible differences in placenta histology between similar racial groups. All patients had uncomplicated pregnancies and delivered at term. RESULTS HBC, SK and cVD were significantly increased among firewood-/kerosene-users compared to ethanol-users and natural gas-using Chicago women (HBC medians 5.5, 3.5, and 2.0, respectively; SK means 55.6, 41.8 and 30.1; cVD means 8.8, 6.2, and 5.2; all p<0.01). HIF expression was significantly higher in Group A compared to B and C (all p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In-utero exposure to HAP is associated with pathologic changes and HIF expression consistent with chronic hypoxia in placenta of firewood/kerosene-users compared to ethanol-users with less HAP exposure and Chicago women with no presumed HAP exposure. Presence of chronic hypoxic signature in placenta of women exposed to HAP has implications for adverse pregnancy complications and future growth and development of the young children. Future larger studies need to focus on HAP exposure and placental disorders like preeclampsia and long-term health impact of in-utero exposure to HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Dutta
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Galina Khramtsova
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katherine Brito
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Donee Alexander
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ariel Mueller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sireesha Chinthala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Damilola Adu
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abayomi Odetunde
- Institute for Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Adigun
- Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Liese Pruitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ian Hurley
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo Olopade
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Centre for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine/University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sarosh Rana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher O Olopade
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Tang L, He G, Liu X, Xu W. Progress in the understanding of the etiology and predictability of fetal growth restriction. Reproduction 2018; 153:R227-R240. [PMID: 28476912 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of fetus to reach its growth potential for various reasons, leading to multiple perinatal complications and adult diseases of fetal origins. Shallow extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion-induced placental insufficiency and placental dysfunction are considered the main reasons for idiopathic FGR. In this review, first we discuss the major characteristics of anti-angiogenic state and the pro-inflammatory bias in FGR. We then elaborate major abnormalities in placental insufficiency at molecular levels, including the interaction between decidual leukocytes and EVT, alteration of miRNA expression and imprinted gene expression pattern in FGR. Finally, we review current animal models used in FGR, an experimental intervention based on animal models and the progress of predictive biomarker studies in FGR.Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/6/R215/suppl/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education.,Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education .,Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic DiseasesWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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147
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Tsamou M, Vrijens K, Madhloum N, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Nawrot TS. Air pollution-induced placental epigenetic alterations in early life: a candidate miRNA approach. Epigenetics 2018; 13:135-146. [PMID: 27104955 PMCID: PMC5873362 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1155012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure during in utero life may entail adverse health outcomes in later-life. Air pollution's adverse effects are known to alter gene expression profiles, which can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigate the potential influence of air pollution exposure in prenatal life on placental miRNA expression. Within the framework of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, we measured the expression of six candidate miRNAs in placental tissue from 210 mother-newborn pairs by qRT-PCR. Trimester-specific PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each mother's home address using a spatiotemporal model. Multiple regression models were used to study miRNA expression and in utero exposure to PM2.5 over various time windows during pregnancy. The placental expression of miR-21 (−33.7%, 95% CI: −53.2 to −6.2, P = 0.022), miR-146a (−30.9%, 95% CI: −48.0 to −8.1, P = 0.012) and miR-222 (−25.4%, 95% CI: −43.0 to −2.4, P = 0.034) was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposure during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, while placental expression of miR-20a and miR-21 was positively associated with 1st trimester exposure. Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was identified as a common target of the miRNAs significantly associated with PM exposure. Placental PTEN expression was strongly and positively associated (+59.6% per 5 µg/m³ increment, 95% CI: 26.9 to 100.7, P < 0.0001) with 3rd trimester PM2.5 exposure. Further research is required to establish the role these early miRNA and mRNA expression changes might play in PM-induced health effects. We provide molecular evidence showing that in utero PM2.5 exposure affects miRNAs expression as well as its downstream target PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Narjes Madhloum
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- b Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
| | | | - Tim S Nawrot
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium.,d Department of Public Health, Environment & Health Unit , Leuven University , Leuven , Belgium
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148
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Heerwagen MJR, Gumina DL, Hernandez TL, Van Pelt RE, Kramer AW, Janssen RC, Jensen DR, Powell TL, Friedman JE, Winn VD, Barbour LA. Placental lipoprotein lipase activity is positively associated with newborn adiposity. Placenta 2018; 64:53-60. [PMID: 29626981 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data suggest that in addition to glucose, fetal growth is related to maternal triglycerides (TG). To reach the fetus, TG must be hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FFA) and transported across the placenta, but regulation is uncertain. Placental lipoprotein lipase (pLPL) hydrolyzes TG, both dietary chylomicron TG (CM-TG) and very-low density lipoprotein TG (VLDL-TG), to FFA. This may promote fetal fat accretion by increasing the available FFA pool for placental uptake. We tested the novel hypothesis that pLPL activity, but not maternal adipose tissue LPL activity, is associated with newborn adiposity and higher maternal TG. METHODS Twenty mothers (n = 13 normal-weight; n = 7 obese) were prospectively recruited. Maternal glucose, insulin, TG (total, CM-TG, VLDL-TG), and FFA were measured at 14-16, 26-28, and 36-37 weeks, and adipose tissue LPL was measured at 26-28 weeks. At term delivery, placental villous biopsies were immediately analyzed for pLPL enzymatic activity. Newborn percent body fat (newborn %fat) was assessed by skinfolds. RESULTS Placental LPL activity was positively correlated with birthweight (r = 0.48;P = 0.03) and newborn %fat (r = 0.59;P = 0.006), further strengthened by correcting for gestational age at delivery (r = 0.75;P = 0.0001), but adipose tissue LPL was not. Maternal TG and BMI were not correlated with pLPL activity. Additionally, pLPL gene expression, while modestly correlated with enzymatic activity (r = 0.53;P < 0.05), was not correlated with newborn adiposity. DISCUSSION This is the first study to show a positive correlation between pLPL activity and newborn %fat. Placental lipase regulation and the role of pLPL in pregnancies characterized by nutrient excess and fetal overgrowth warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J R Heerwagen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diane L Gumina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teri L Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anita W Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dalan R Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Linda A Barbour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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149
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Owusu Darkwa E, Djagbletey R, Sottie D, Owoo C, Vanderpuye NM, Essuman R, Aryee G. Serum nitric oxide levels in healthy pregnant women: a case- control study in a tertiary facility in Ghana. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2018; 4:3. [PMID: 29479454 PMCID: PMC5819155 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-017-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with significant changes in maternal cardiovascular system which regulates oxygen and nutrient supply to the growing foetus. Nitric oxide, a physiologic vascular smooth muscle relaxant regulates blood flow and therefore may play a role in the cardiovascular changes in pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the levels and changes in maternal serum nitric oxide levels during healthy pregnancy. Methods A case-control study was conducted among 32 healthy non-pregnant women as controls and 100 healthy pregnant women (consisting of 33 first trimester, 37 s trimester, and 30 third trimester) as cases. Subjects were consecutively recruited into the study after obtaining an informed consent and meeting the inclusion criteria. Griess Reagent method was used to determine serum nitric oxide levels. Results There were no statistically significant difference in the ages and parity of recruited cases and controls. Mean arterial blood pressures were significantly lower (p = 0.009) and serum nitric oxide levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in healthy pregnant women compared to healthy non-pregnant women. There was a non-significant progressive increase in serum nitric oxide levels during healthy normal pregnancy. Conclusions The finding of a significantly reduced blood pressures and a significant increase in serum nitric oxide levels in healthy pregnancy may suggest a role of nitric oxide in vascular adaptation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Owusu Darkwa
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert Djagbletey
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Sottie
- 2Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christian Owoo
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Raymond Essuman
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Aryee
- 1Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
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Muralimanoharan S, Gao X, Weintraub S, Myatt L, Maloyan A. Sexual dimorphism in activation of placental autophagy in obese women with evidence for fetal programming from a placenta-specific mouse model. Autophagy 2018; 12:752-69. [PMID: 26986453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1156822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of maternal obesity and its co-morbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease) continues to increase at an alarming rate, with major public health implications. In utero exposure to maternal obesity has been associated with development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring as a result of developmental programming. The placenta regulates maternal-fetal metabolism and shows significant changes in its function with maternal obesity. Autophagy is a cell-survival process, which is responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. Here we show an activation of autophagosomal formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion in placentas of males but not females from overweight (OW) and obese (OB) women vs. normal weight (NW) women. However, total autophagic activity in these placentas appeared to be decreased as it showed an increase in SQSTM1/p62 and a decrease in lysosomal biogenesis. A mouse model with a targeted deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 in placental tissue showed significant placental abnormalities comparable to those seen in human placenta with maternal obesity. These included a decrease in expression of mitochondrial genes and antioxidants, and decreased lysosomal biogenesis. Strikingly, the knockout mice were developmentally programmed as they showed an increased sensitivity to high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased adiposity, and cardiac remodeling. In summary, our results indicate a sexual dimorphism in placental autophagy in response to maternal obesity. We also show that autophagy plays an important role in placental function and that inhibition of placental autophagy programs the offspring to obesity, and to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
- a Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- b The Metabolomics Core Facility, Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Susan Weintraub
- b The Metabolomics Core Facility, Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- a Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA.,c Department of Ob/Gyn , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- a Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA.,d Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
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