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Buckner JD, Sullivan JM, Thomas KL, Shepherd JM, Zvolensky MJ. Racism and alcohol-related problems among Black adults: The role of negative emotionality to experiencing racism. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 165:209448. [PMID: 38955251 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Black Americans tend to consume less alcohol than non-Hispanic/Latine White Americans, Black Americans who do drink alcohol appear at especially high risk for negative alcohol-related problems. This alcohol-based health disparity indicates a need to identify psycho-sociocultural factors that may play a role in drinking and related problems to inform prevention and treatment efforts. Minority stress-based models posit that stressors such as racism increase negative emotions, which may be associated with using substances such as alcohol to cope with negative emotions. Yet, little research has directly assessed emotional reactions to racism and whether it plays a role in drinking-related behaviors. METHOD Participants were 164 Black American undergraduates at a racially/ethnically diverse university who endorsed current alcohol use 18-48 (M = 21.7, SD = 4.3). Participants completed an online survey regarding their experiences with racism and alcohol-related behaviors. RESULTS Experiencing more frequent racism was related to greater negative emotions experienced in response to racism (i.e., negative emotional reactivity to racism) and alcohol-related problems. More frequent racism was related to more alcohol-related problems via the sequential effects of negative emotional reactivity to racism and coping motivated drinking. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the experience of negative emotions that occur after experiencing racism and attempts to cope with those negative emotions by consuming alcohol play important roles in drinking behaviors among Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jas M Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, Political Science and African American Studies, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Katharine L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychology, HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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102
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Gardner P, Gilbert J, Plummer V, Hills D. Registered nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices of pain management for aged care residents with dementia: an integrative review. Contemp Nurse 2024; 60:496-515. [PMID: 38861583 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2024.2362290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Registered Nurses working in residential aged care facilities pertaining to pain management for residents living with dementia. BACKGROUND Sub-optimal pain management continues for people living with dementia in residential aged care. Registered Nurses are the pivotal staff responsible for complex assessment and management of people residing in residential aged care facilities. DESIGN AND METHODS :This integrative literature review was informed by Whittemore (2005). Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Thirteen papers were identified, the major themes identified were gaps in knowledge and skills, uncertainty of assessment, and delays in treatment. CONCLUSION Registered Nurses require education on pain management for people living with dementia in residential aged care. Broader issues in residential aged care contribute to the problem and require examination. Research pertaining to Registered Nurses' roles pain management for residents living with dementia is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gardner
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Julia Gilbert
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Danny Hills
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
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103
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Dimitriadis T, Mudarris MA, Veldhuijzen DS, Evers AW, Magee WL, Schaefer RS. Music therapy with adults in the subacute phase after stroke: A study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 41:101340. [PMID: 39188414 PMCID: PMC11345398 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a highly disabling condition, for which music therapy is regularly used in rehabilitation. One possible mechanism for the effects of music therapy is the motivational aspect of music, for example regarding treatment adherence based on improved mood. In this study, changes in motivation related to Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) techniques during rehabilitation in the subacute phase after stroke will be investigated. Using a randomised within-subjects cross-over design, the effects of two NMT techniques and related motivational indices will be investigated. Data will be collected at three timepoints: baseline (TP1), after being randomised into groups and receiving NMT or standard care (TP2), and then at a third time point after the cross-over and having received both conditions (TP3). This design allows to counteract order effects, time effects due to spontaneous and/or nonlinear recovery, as well as single-subject comparisons in a relatively heterogeneous sample. Twenty adult participants who have experienced a supratentorial ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and are experiencing upper-limb impairments and/or cognitive deficits will be included. Behavioural measures of motor function, cognition, and quality of life will be collected, along with self-reported indices of overall motivation. The study outcomes will have implications for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of music therapy in stroke recovery, more specifically regarding the relevance of motivational states in neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Dimitriadis
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Amstelring Rehabilitation Centre and Nursing Homes, Saaftingestraat 8, 1069BW, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed A. Mudarris
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- University of Jeddah, College of Science and Arts at AlKamil, Department of Communication Skills, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea W.M. Evers
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Medical Delta Healthy Society, Leiden University, Technical University Delft and Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy L. Magee
- Boyer College of Music and Dance, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Schaefer
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
- Medical Delta Healthy Society, Leiden University, Technical University Delft and Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Academy of Creative and Performing Arts, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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104
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Hazel SJ, Iankov I. A public health campaign to increase awareness of the risk of dog bites in South Australia. Prev Vet Med 2024; 231:106298. [PMID: 39116764 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Dog bites are a serious public health problem. A campaign by the Dog and Cat Management Board of South Australia was launched to increase awareness that any dog can bite as a first step in reducing the incidence of dog bites. The aims of this study were to 1) evaluate changes in attitudes to dog bites following the media campaign, and 2) provide baseline data on dog bites and attitudes to interactions with dogs to help target future campaigns. The media campaign 'Good Dogs Have Bad Days' was run from July to October, 2023, using TV, radio, billboards and social media. A cross-sectional survey was conducted pre- and post-campaign, including demographics and questions relating to interactions and attitudes to dogs. A total of n = 402 to the pre- and n = 404 responses to the post-campaign surveys were received, with most having owned a dog, living in metropolitan areas, and an equal split of males and females. Over one third (36-37 %) of dog owners and 25-29 % of non-dog owners had been previously bitten by a dog, although most did not require medical attention. Respondents were more likely to agree that any dog can bite if they recalled seeing the campaign, and less likely if they were male and had poor knowledge of the scenarios in which a dog might bite. Older respondents and those from lower socioeconomic areas believed dog bites were a more serious community issue than younger respondents from higher socioeconomic areas. Approximately 70 % of dog owners believed it was safe for strangers to approach their dog, 34-37 % allowed children or other people to pat their dog without permission and less than half separated their dog from visitors or delivery people. In contrast few of the non-dog owners allowed their children to pat a dog without the owner's permission and only 2 % allowed them to play with dogs without supervision. The results demonstrate a relatively short campaign was associated with increased agreement any dog can bite. The proportion of respondents who had been bitten by a dog affirms the importance of public health campaigns targeting dog attacks. Some behaviours, such as supervising dogs around children and keeping dogs separate from delivery people, had relatively low agreement from dog owners and may be targeted in future campaigns. Public awareness campaigns and ongoing education will help to increase safer interactions with dogs, but it will take time and commitment to achieve a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Hazel
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ivan Iankov
- Dog and Cat Management Board of South Australia, Level 9, 81-95 Waymouth Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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105
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Madhavan S, Stewart LC, Birk SL, Nielsen JD, Olino TM. Positive and Negative Life Events in Association with Psychopathology: An Examination of Sex Differences in Early Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1431-1440. [PMID: 36809644 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Negative life events (NLEs) are associated with psychopathology in older adolescents and adults, particularly for women. However, less is known about the association between positive life events (PLEs) and psychopathology. This study examined associations between NLEs, PLEs, and their interaction, and sex differences in associations between PLEs and NLEs on internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Youth completed interviews about NLEs and PLEs. Parents and youth reported on youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms. NLEs were positively associated with youth-reported depression and anxiety and parent-reported youth depression. Female youth had stronger positive associations between NLEs and youth-reported anxiety than male youth. Interactions between PLEs and NLEs were non-significant. Findings for NLEs and psychopathology are extended to earlier in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Madhavan
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lindsey C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samantha L Birk
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Johanna D Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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106
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Prantner S, Giménez-García C, Espino-Payá A, Escrig MA, Ruiz-Padial E, Ballester-Arnal R, Pastor MC. The standardization of a new Explicit Pornographic Picture Set (EPPS). Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7261-7279. [PMID: 38693442 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pictures with affective content have been extensively used in scientific studies of emotion and sexuality. However, only a few standardized picture sets have been developed that offer explicit images, with most lacking pornographic pictures depicting diverse sexual practices. This study aimed to fill this gap through developing a standardized affective set of diverse pornographic pictures (masturbation, oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex, group sex, paraphilia) of same-sex and opposite-sex content, offering dimensional affective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance, as well as co-elicited discrete emotions (disgust, moral and ethical acceptance). In total, 192 pornographic pictures acquired from online pornography platforms and 24 control IAPS images have been rated by 319 participants (Mage = 22.66, SDage = 4.66) with self-reported same- and opposite-sex sexual attraction. Stimuli were representative of the entire affective space, including positively and negatively perceived pictures. Participants showed differential affective perception of pornographic pictures according to gender and sexual attraction. Differences in affective ratings related to participants' gender and sexual attraction, as well as stimuli content (depicted sexual practices and sexes). From the stimuli set, researchers can select explicit pornographic pictures based on the obtained affective ratings and technical parameters (i.e., pixel size, luminosity, color space, contrast, chromatic complexity, spatial frequency, entropy). The stimuli set may be considered a valid tool of diverse explicit pornographic pictures covering the affective space, in particular, for women and men with same- and opposite-sex sexual attraction. This new explicit pornographic picture set (EPPS) is available to the scientific community for non-commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Prantner
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Cristina Giménez-García
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Alejandro Espino-Payá
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miguel A Escrig
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - M Carmen Pastor
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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107
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Ding Z, Li W, Chen C, Yang Z, Wang S, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang M. The effect of choice on memory across development. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105982. [PMID: 38879930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of making choices as an internal motivator to improve performance, and recent studies in the domain of memory have focused on adults. To chart the developmental trend of the choice effect on memory, we conducted a series of seven experiments involving children, adolescents, and young adults. Participants (N = 512) aged 5 to 26 years performed a choice encoding task that manipulated the opportunities to choose and then took a memory test. Using different types of experimental materials and corroborated by a mini meta-analysis, we found that the choice effect on memory was significant in childhood and early adolescence but not significant in late adolescence and early adulthood. The developmental changes were statistically significant, particularly evident during the transition from early to late adolescence. These findings suggest that the internal value of choice decreases across development and contributes to our understanding of developmental differences in the role of choice in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolei Ding
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Facuty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Zhong Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Songxue Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Public Management, Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangdong 510450, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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108
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Ding S, Liu Y, Tao H, Zhao Y, Zeng H, Han Y, Wang S, Chen Z, Tang Y, Guo W. Chronic intranasal oxytocin alleviates cognitive impairment and reverses oxytocin signaling upregulation in MK801-induced mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107138. [PMID: 39068687 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment, especially impaired social cognition, is largely responsible for the deterioration of the social life of patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide that offers promising therapy for SZ. This study aimed to explore whether OT could affect dizocilpine (MK801)-induced cognitive impairment and to investigate the effect of exogenous OT on the endogenous OT system in the hippocampus. METHODS The SZ mouse model was established by repeated administration of dizocilpine [MK801, 0.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)], and then OT (6-60 μg/kg, intranasal) or risperidone (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to explore the effect of OT on cognitive impairment. RESULTS OT at a dose of 6 μg/kg alleviated MK801-induced hyperactivity, sociability impairment, and spatial memory impairment. OT at a dose of 20 or 60 μg/kg attenuated the hyperactivity and social novelty impairment. In MK801-injected mice, the compensatory upregulation of OT mRNA in the hippocampus was reversed by three OT doses, whereas 60 μg/kg OT reversed the compensatory upregulation of CD38 protein expression. CONCLUSION OT alleviated cognitive impairment in the SZ mouse model to varying degrees, reversing the compensatory upregulation of OT signaling in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongtao Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiding Han
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shichen Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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109
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Kaur J, Bingel U, Kincses B, Forkmann K, Schmidt K. The effects of experimental pain on episodic memory and its top-down modulation: a preregistered pooled analysis. Pain Rep 2024; 9:e1178. [PMID: 39131813 PMCID: PMC11311657 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pain can automatically interfere with ongoing cognitive processes such as attention and memory. The extent of pain's negative effects on cognitive functioning seems to depend on a balance between top-down and bottom-up factors. Objectives In this large, preregistered, pooled reanalysis of 8 studies, we investigated the robustness of the detrimental effect of acute pain on recognition memory and whether top-down mechanisms such as pain-related expectations or cognitions (pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing) modulate this effect. Methods Two hundred forty-seven healthy participants underwent similar experimental paradigms, including a visual categorization task with images randomly paired with (or without) concomitant painful stimulation and a subsequent unannounced recognition task. Recognition memory (ie, d', recollection, and familiarity) and categorization performance (ie, reaction time, accuracy) served as proxies for the effect of pain on cognitive performance. Results Acute painful stimulation significantly impaired recognition performance (d', familiarity). However, recognition performance was not significantly modulated by participants' expectations regarding the effect of pain on task performance or pain-related cognitions in this sample of healthy participants. Conclusion Our results corroborate the negative effects of pain on (visual) memory encoding reported in previous studies and reports of "memory problems" from patients with chronic pain. To characterize the role of bottom-up and top-down factors for the detrimental effects of pain, large-scale studies with more nuanced study designs are necessary. Future studies in patient cohorts must unravel the interaction of maladaptive pain-related cognitions and the often-reported impaired cognitive performance in chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bingel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Balint Kincses
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katarina Forkmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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110
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Lischke A, Pahnke R, Mäder A, Martin AK, Meinzer M. Improving mentalizing deficits in older age with region-specific transcranial direct current stimulation. GeroScience 2024; 46:4111-4121. [PMID: 38878152 PMCID: PMC11336013 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Older adults have difficulties to detect the intentions, thoughts, and feelings of others, indicating an age-associated decline of socio-cognitive abilities that are known as "mentalizing". These deficits in mental state recognition are driven by neurofunctional alterations in brain regions that are implicated in mentalizing, such as the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) and the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). We tested whether focal transcranial current stimulation (tDCS) of the rTPJ and dmPFC has the potential to eliminate mentalizing deficits in older adults. Mentalizing deficits were assessed with a novel mindreading task that required the recognition of mental states in child faces. Older adults (n = 60) performed worse than younger adults (n = 30) on the mindreading task, indicating age-dependent deficits in mental state recognition. These mentalizing deficits were ameliorated in older adults who received sham-controlled andodal tDCS over the rTPJ (n = 30) but remained unchanged in older adults who received sham-controlled andodal tDCS over the dmPFC (n = 30). We, thus, showed for the first time that anodal tDCS over the rTPJ has the potential to remediate age-dependent mentalizing deficits in a region-specific way. This provides a rationale for exploring stimulation-based interventions targeting mentalizing deficits in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lischke
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaierkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rike Pahnke
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Mäder
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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111
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O'Brien ST, Dozo N, Hinton JDX, Moeck EK, Susanto R, Jayaputera GT, Sinnott RO, Vu D, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Gleeson J, Koval P. SEMA 3: A free smartphone platform for daily life surveys. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7691-7706. [PMID: 38914788 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, behavioral, social, and health science researchers have relied on global/retrospective survey methods administered cross-sectionally (i.e., on a single occasion) or longitudinally (i.e., on several occasions separated by weeks, months, or years). More recently, social and health scientists have added daily life survey methods (also known as intensive longitudinal methods or ambulatory assessment) to their toolkit. These methods (e.g., daily diaries, experience sampling, ecological momentary assessment) involve dense repeated assessments in everyday settings. To facilitate research using daily life survey methods, we present SEMA3 ( http://www.SEMA3.com ), a platform for designing and administering intensive longitudinal daily life surveys via Android and iOS smartphones. SEMA3 fills an important gap by providing researchers with a free, intuitive, and flexible platform with basic and advanced functionality. In this article, we describe SEMA3's development history and system architecture, provide an overview of how to design a study using SEMA3 and outline its key features, and discuss the platform's limitations and propose directions for future development of SEMA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T O'Brien
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nerisa Dozo
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordan D X Hinton
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ella K Moeck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rio Susanto
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn T Jayaputera
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duy Vu
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Gleeson
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, The School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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112
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Chen PY, Jia F, Wu W, Wang MH, Chao TY. Dealing with missing data in multi-informant studies: A comparison of approaches. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6498-6519. [PMID: 38418689 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multi-informant studies are popular in social and behavioral science. However, their data analyses are challenging because data from different informants carry both shared and unique information and are often incomplete. Using Monte Carlo Simulation, the current study compares three approaches that can be used to analyze incomplete multi-informant data when there is a distinction between reference and nonreference informants. These approaches include a two-method measurement model for planned missing data (2MM-PMD), treating nonreference informants' reports as auxiliary variables with the full-information maximum likelihood method or multiple imputation, and listwise deletion. The result suggests that 2MM-PMD, when correctly specified and data are missing at random, has the best overall performance among the examined approaches regarding point estimates, type I error rates, and statistical power. In addition, it is also more robust to data that are not missing at random.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106308.
| | - Fan Jia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Tzi-Yang Chao
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106308
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113
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Chen Y, Daly HR, Pitt MA, Van Zandt T. Assessing the distortions introduced when calculating d': A simulation approach. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7728-7747. [PMID: 38961038 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The discriminability measure d ' is widely used in psychology to estimate sensitivity independently of response bias. The conventional approach to estimate d ' involves a transformation from the hit rate and the false-alarm rate. When performance is perfect, correction methods must be applied to calculate d ' , but these corrections distort the estimate. In three simulation studies, we show that distortion in d ' estimation can arise from other properties of the experimental design (number of trials, sample size, sample variance, task difficulty) that, when combined with application of the correction method, make d ' distortion in any specific experiment design complex and can mislead statistical inference in the worst cases (Type I and Type II errors). To address this problem, we propose that researchers simulate d ' estimation to explore the impact of design choices, given anticipated or observed data. An R Shiny application is introduced that estimates d ' distortion, providing researchers the means to identify distortion and take steps to minimize its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
| | - Heather R Daly
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Pitt
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Trisha Van Zandt
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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114
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Dunsmore VJ, Neupert SD. Social isolation, coping efficacy, and social well-being over time in patients with lung cancer. J Behav Med 2024; 47:927-934. [PMID: 39078571 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little work has examined how coping efficacy and lung cancer-related social isolation relate to social well-being in the context of a patient's computed tomography (CT) scan. Researchers tested the cross-sectional relationship of social isolation and social well-being, and the longitudinal relationship between coping efficacy and social well-being before CT scans. METHOD 25 patients with lung cancer, within 6 months of their upcoming CT scan, participated. Baseline surveys collected clinical information, demographics, and social isolation; repeated monthly surveys collected coping efficacy and social well-being every 30 days until one's scan. RESULTS [Cross-sectional] High levels of social isolation were associated with low levels of social well-being. [Longitudinal] On months patients reported high coping efficacy, they also reported increases in social well-being. CONCLUSIONS Social interventions may improve well-being among those with lung cancer as our work shows that getting and receiving support are strongly related to well-being in the time surrounding a scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Dunsmore
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
- UNC Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Shevaun D Neupert
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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115
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Nassar MR. Toward a computational role for locus coeruleus/norepinephrine arousal systems. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2024; 59:101407. [PMID: 39070697 PMCID: PMC11280330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Brain and behavior undergo measurable changes in their underlying state and neuromodulators are thought to contribute to these fluctuations. Why do we undergo such changes, and what function could the underlying neuromodulatory systems perform? Here we examine theoretical answers to these questions with respect to the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine system focusing on peripheral markers for arousal, such as pupil diameter, that are thought to provide a window into brain wide noradrenergic signaling. We explore a computational role for arousal systems in facilitating internal state transitions that facilitate credit assignment and promote accurate perceptions in non-stationary environments. We summarize recent work that supports this idea and highlight open questions as well as alternative views of how arousal affects cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Nassar
- Brown University, Dept of Neuroscience and Carney Institute for Brain Science
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116
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Kellenberger MG, Steacy LM, Cooper Borkenhagen MJ, Dozier J, Compton DL. Modeling item-level variance of polysyllabic word reading in developing readers: Exploring semantically related child, word, and child-by-word predictors. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105998. [PMID: 38981331 PMCID: PMC11316644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Across word reading development, there are important and evolving relationships between oral and written semantic knowledge. Recent research has focused on these relationships, with accumulating evidence supporting the role of word knowledge and related word characteristics as important factors influencing polysyllabic word reading abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate how semantic-related effects across child-level skills (e.g., general vocabulary knowledge), word-level properties (e.g., age of acquisition), child-by-word-level familiarity (e.g., item-level familiarity), and interactions between key child attributes and word characteristics (e.g., word reading skill by age of acquisition) contribute to polysyllabic word reading. Specifically, we emphasize the semantic contributions of word-level features to word reading development, which have been relatively underexplored in the literature. A sample of elementary school students oversampled for word reading difficulty (N = 92) in Grades 3 to 5 read a set of polysyllabic words (J = 45) and completed a battery of reading and language-related measures. Using cross-classified random-effects models and accounting for various control variables, semantic-related variables representing item-level familiarity; child-level set for variability; and word-level age of acquisition and number of morphemes were significant predictors in the main-effects model. A significant interaction between sight word efficiency and age of acquisition indicated higher probabilities of correctly reading polysyllabic words at lower levels of acquisition for better readers. Results indicate important semantic-related influences on polysyllabic word reading at the child, word, and child-by-word levels, suggesting meaningful relationships between knowledge of the orthographic form of a word and semantic knowledge in developing readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison G Kellenberger
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Laura M Steacy
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | | | - Jordan Dozier
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Donald L Compton
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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117
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Zhao S, Ait-Belaid K, Shen Y, Zhou K. The neurological effects of acute physical exhaustion on inhibitory function. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114641. [PMID: 39019134 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the inhibitory function performance of maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) personnel in states of physical exhaustion. BACKGROUND SAR missions pose serious challenges to the cognitive function of SAR personnel, especially in extreme environments and physical exhaustion. It is important to understand SAR personnel's cognitive performance and neural activity under exhaustion to improve the efficiency of task execution and ensure work safety. METHOD Twenty-six maritime SAR personnel were recruited to simulate boat operations until they reached a self-imposed state of exhaustion. The exhaustion state was monitored by maximum heart rate and subjective fatigue scale. Two event-related potentials, N200 and P300, were measured during a Go-Nogo task before and after a session of acute exhaustive tasks. RESULTS After exhaustion, a marked reduction in accuracy, a notable increase in N200 amplitude, and a substantial decline in P300 amplitude under the Nogo condition were observed compared to the baseline phase. Pre- and post-exhaustion comparisons using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography revealed reduced activations in the right middle temporal gyrus's N200 component after exhaustion in SAR personnel during the Nogo condition. CONCLUSION The results suggest that acute physical exhaustion significantly impacts the inhibition ability of SAR personnel, prolonging the conflict monitoring phase and weakening the response inhibition phase. These findings provide valuable insights into how physical exhaustion affects cognitive functions critical to the safety and effectiveness of SAR operations, and can inform strategies to improve training and equipment to enhance performance under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanguang Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Khaoula Ait-Belaid
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Yanqing Shen
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Ke Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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118
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Ernst M, Brähler E, Beutel ME, Kruse J, Andreas S. Socially isolated, but not lonely in lockdown: Exploring the role of reflective functioning as a protective factor in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:201-208. [PMID: 38950870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loneliness is a pressing public mental health issue. So far, there has been a paucity of investigations focused on the individual differences modulating this subjective feeling in the face of difficult circumstances, e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, the present study aimed to investigate the role of mentalization; given that the construct comprises reflection abilities that might be particularly relevant to the pandemic's interpersonal challenges. METHODS A survey representative of the German population was conducted from May to June 2020 (N = 2503). We examined mentalization, operationalized as reflective functioning (RF) and measured using the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), both as a protective factor against loneliness on its own and as a moderator of the association of social isolation with loneliness. RESULTS Of the overall sample, 822 (32.8 %) individuals reported social isolation. Worse RF was moderately associated with higher levels of loneliness (r = 0.433, p < .001). A linear regression model (controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and general personality pathology) confirmed this positive association, but also indicated an interaction effect of RF and social isolation in the statistical prediction of loneliness. Stratified models showed that RF was a comparatively weaker statistical predictor of loneliness among the socially isolated. DISCUSSION This representative population study expanded our knowledge about the factors shaping loneliness in the population. RF emerged as a potentially modifiable protective influence. Further research needs to clarify the mechanisms through which it mitigates loneliness. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design does not give insight into the temporal association of RF and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ernst
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria.
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sylke Andreas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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119
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Wiley RW, Singh S, Baig Y, Key K, Purcell JJ. The English Sublexical Toolkit: Methods for indexing sound-spelling consistency. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6826-6861. [PMID: 38594441 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This work introduces the English Sublexical Toolkit, a suite of tools that utilizes an experience-dependent learning framework of sublexical knowledge to extract regularities from the English lexicon. The Toolkit quantifies the empirical regularity of sublexical units in both the reading and spelling directions (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme and phoneme-to-grapheme) and at multiple grain sizes (i.e., phoneme/grapheme and onset/rime unit size). It can extract multiple experience-dependent regularity indices for words or pseudowords, including both frequency indices (e.g., grapheme frequency) and conditional probability indices (e.g., grapheme-to-phoneme probability). These tools provide (1) superior estimates of the regularities that better reflect the complexity of the sublexical system relative to previously published indices and (2) completely novel indices of sublexical units such as phonographeme frequency (i.e., combined units of individual phonemes and graphemes that are independent of processing direction). We demonstrate that measures from the toolkit explain significant amounts of variance in empirical data (naming of real words and lexical decision), and either outperform or are comparable to the best available consistency measures. The flexibility of the toolkit is further demonstrated by its ability to readily index the probability of different pseudowords pronunciations, and we report that the measures account for the majority of variance in these empirically observed probabilities. Overall, this work provides a framework and resources that can be flexibly used to identify optimal corpus-based consistency measures that help explain reading/spelling behaviors for real and pseudowords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Wiley
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
| | - Sartaj Singh
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Yusuf Baig
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Key
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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120
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Jalava ST, Wammes JD. Slow and steady: Validating the rhythmic visual response task as a marker for attentional states. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7079-7101. [PMID: 38724877 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
A principal goal of attention research is to develop tasks with clear behavioral signatures of attentional fluctuations. Measures that index attentional states often fall under two broad umbrellas: decision tasks, in which participants make responses based on the changing requirements of each trial, and rhythm tasks, in which participants respond rhythmically to a uniform stimulus (e.g., a metronome tone). In the former, response speeding typically precedes errors (indicative of attention failures). In the latter, increased response variability precedes subjective reports of off-task states. We developed and validated the rhythmic visual response task (RVRT); a rhythm task incorporating trial-unique scene stimuli. The RVRT incorporates two important advances from both task categories: (1) it is free from the influence that differential decision-making has on fluctuations in attentional states, and (2) trial-unique stimuli enable later cognitive judgments to be mapped to specific moments in the task. These features allow a relatively unobtrusive measure of mind wandering that facilitates the downstream assessment of its consequences. Participants completed 900 trials of the RVRT, interrupted periodically by thought probes that assessed their attentional state. We found that both response time variance and speed predicted depth of mind wandering. Encouraged by these findings, we used the same analysis approach on archival data to demonstrate that the combination of variance and speed best predicted attentional states in several rhythm and decision task datasets. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest future research that uses the RVRT to investigate the impact of spontaneous mind wandering on memory, decision-making, and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaela T Jalava
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 56 Arch St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Wammes
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 56 Arch St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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121
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Chen X, Chen Y, Yu X, Wei J, Yang X. The impact of family socioeconomic status on parental involvement and student engagement during COVID-19 in promoting academic achievement: A longitudinal study in Chinese children. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105992. [PMID: 38917685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
With a three-wave longitudinal design, the current study examined the impact of family socioeconomic status (SES) on parental involvement and student engagement in promoting children's academic achievement during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We recruited data from 246 mother-primary school student dyads, and the mean age of children at Wave 1 was 10.57 ± 0.97 years (range = 9-13 years). The academic achievement of these children was measured both before and after school closures. Family SES, parental involvement, and student engagement were assessed during the school closures. The results indicated that family SES could predict children's later academic achievement after accounting for their prior academic achievement and other demographics (i.e., the significant total effect in the model). Moreover, parental involvement and student engagement played chain-mediating roles in the effect of family SES on children's later academic achievement. Neither parent involvement nor student involvement alone mediated the relationships between family SES and subsequent academic achievement. Suggestions are provided to minimize the negative impact of low family SES on children's academic achievement during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinghe Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiujie Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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122
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Rui JR, Wang D. Promoting HIV self-testing via emotional support messages among men who have sex with men in China. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 127:108360. [PMID: 38941720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since negative emotions were identified as barriers to HIV self-testing (HIVST), offering emotional support may promote this behavior. This study examined whether the socio-affective and reappraisal components of emotional support messages differ in affecting one's attitude towards and intention to conduct HIVST via response efficacy and self-efficacy. METHOD A between-subject online experiment was conducted with 309 Chinese men who have sex with men. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no support, only reappraisal information, socio-affective and reappraisal information both provided. RESULTS Emotional support only worked for those completing HIVST in recent three months. The reappraisal information enhanced their response efficacy and self-efficacy, but only self-efficacy was positively related to one's attitude towards and intention to conduct HIVST. The message including socio-affective and reappraisal components directly improved their HIVST-related attitudes. CONCLUSION Emotional support presents an approach to promoting HIVST. The socio-affective and reappraisal information function differently on their response efficacy, self-efficacy, attitude, and intention. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study provides implications on how to design messages promoting HIVST for health campaigns and AI-based healthcare technologies. Reappraisal information should be offered to enhance one's response efficacy and self-efficacy. Messages should address both socio-affective and reappraisal needs of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Raymond Rui
- Department of New Media and Communication, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuan East Rd, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongya Wang
- Department of Strategic Communication, University of Miami, 5100 Brunson Drive, LC 150-D, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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123
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Fujita S, Hagiwara A, Kimura K, Taniguchi Y, Ito K, Nagao H, Takizawa M, Uchida W, Kamagata K, Tateishi U, Aoki S. Three-dimensional simultaneous T1 and T2* relaxation times and quantitative susceptibility mapping at 3 T: A multicenter validation study. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 112:100-106. [PMID: 38971266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the intra-site repeatability and cross-site reproducibility of T1 and T2* relaxation times and quantitative susceptibility (χ) values obtained through quantitative parameter mapping (QPM) at 3 T. This prospective study included three 3-T scanners with the same hardware and software platform at three sites. The brains of twelve healthy volunteers were scanned three times using QPM at three sites. Intra-site repeatability and cross-site reproducibility were evaluated based on voxel-wise and region-of-interest analyses. The within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV), within-subject standard deviation (wSD), linear regression, Bland-Altman plot, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for evaluation. The intra-site repeatability wCV was 11.9 ± 6.86% for T1 and 3.15 ± 0.03% for T2*, and wSD of χ at 3.35 ± 0.10 parts per billion (ppb). Intra-site ICC(1,k) values for T1, T2*, and χ were 0.878-0.904, 0.972-0.976, and 0.966-0.972, respectively, indicating high consistency within the same scanner. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong agreement between measurements from each site and the site-average measurement, with R-squared values ranging from 0.79 to 0.83 for T1, 0.94-0.95 for T2*, and 0.95-0.96 for χ. The cross-site wCV was 13.4 ± 5.47% for T1 and 3.69 ± 2.25% for T2*, and cross-site wSD of χ at 4.08 ± 3.22 ppb. The cross-site ICC(2,1) was 0.707, 0.913, and 0.902 for T1, T2*, and χ, respectively. QPM provides T1, T2*, and χ values with an intra-site repeatability of <12% and cross-site reproducibility of <14%. These findings may contribute to the development of multisite studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, 1-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, 1-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kimura
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yo Taniguchi
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation
| | - Kosuke Ito
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Healthcare Corporation
| | - Hisako Nagao
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Healthcare Corporation
| | - Masahiro Takizawa
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Healthcare Corporation
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, 1-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Health Data Science, Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0013, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, 1-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ukihide Tateishi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, 1-2-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Health Data Science, Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0013, Japan
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124
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Kilshaw RE, Kerig PK, Baucom BRW. Vocally-Encoded Emotional Arousal as a Marker of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Sample of Justice-Involved Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1238-1249. [PMID: 36572843 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with severe and persistent juvenile offending. CU traits are also associated with dampened emotional arousal, which suggests that fundamental frequency (f0), a measure of vocally-encoded emotional arousal, may serve as an accessible psychophysiological marker of CU traits in youth. This study investigated the associations between f0 range measured during an emotionally evocative task, CU traits, and emotion dysregulation in a mixed-gender sample of 168 justice-involved youth. For boys, after controlling for covariates, wider f0 range-indicating greater emotional arousal-was negatively associated with CU traits and positively associated with emotion dysregulation. For girls, no significant associations with f0 range emerged; however, CU traits were positively associated with emotion dysregulation. Findings suggest that f0 range may serve as a valid indicator of CU traits in JJ-involved boys, and that detained boys and girls with high CU traits are characterized by different profiles of emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E Kilshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E BEH S 502, UT, 84112, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - Patricia K Kerig
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Brian R W Baucom
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Qudah B, Chewning B. Exploring the impact of a digital health tool on patients' interaction with community pharmacists: A pilot randomized controlled study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:986-994. [PMID: 38971677 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of digital Patient- Reported Outcomes (PRO) tools has been shown to enhance the exchange of information and shared decision-making in medical encounters. However, their influence on patient-pharmacist interactions has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the impact of RxTalk™, a digital PRO tool, in supporting the communication between patients and pharmacists compared to usual care. METHODS Intervention: RxTalk™ was developed to collect information about medication adherence and beliefs, using a tablet computer. STUDY DESIGN A pilot randomized controlled study was conducted at a community pharmacy in Wisconsin, USA. Sixty patients were randomized to either the intervention group who used RxTalk™ during medication pick-up or the control group who did not use the tool. Patients who used RxTalk™ received paper copies of their responses which were also shared with pharmacists. The consultation was audio-recorded for both groups and coded using the Active Patient Participation Coding scale. Follow-up phone interviews were conducted with both groups within one week of enrollment. RESULTS Patient tapes were analyzed. In the unadjusted model, patients in the intervention group had a higher active participation rate (p = 0.004) and raised significantly more concerns during consultations (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Pharmacists asked twice as many questions while counseling patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). After controlling for patients' demographics and pharmacists' questions, there was a statistical difference between the two patient groups in their odds of expressing at least one concern utterance. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that collecting PRO from patients with chronic illnesses and providing results to pharmacists and patients can help patients express their health and medication concerns. RxTalk™ would be useful for pharmacists who wish to improve the recognition and management of medication-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonyan Qudah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Betty Chewning
- Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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126
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Harvanek ZM, Kudinova AY, Wong SA, Xu K, Brick L, Daniels TE, Marsit C, Burt A, Sinha R, Tyrka AR. Childhood adversity, accelerated GrimAge, and associated health consequences. J Behav Med 2024; 47:913-926. [PMID: 38762606 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is linked to psychological, behavioral, and physical health problems, including obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Epigenetic alterations are one pathway through which the effects of early life stress and adversity might persist into adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms have also been proposed to explain why cardiometabolic health can vary greatly between individuals with similar Body Mass Index (BMIs). We evaluated two independent cross-sectional cohorts of adults without known medical illness, one of which explicitly recruited individuals with early life stress (ELS) and control participants (n = 195), and the other a general community sample (n = 477). In these cohorts, we examine associations between childhood adversity, epigenetic aging, and metabolic health. Childhood adversity was associated with increased GrimAge Acceleration (GAA) in both cohorts, both utilizing a dichotomous yes/no classification (both p < 0.01) as well as a continuous measure using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (both p < 0.05). Further investigation demonstrated that CTQ subscales for physical and sexual abuse (both p < 0.05) were associated with increased GAA in both cohorts, whereas physical and emotional neglect were not. In both cohorts, higher CTQ was also associated with higher BMI and increased insulin resistance (both p < 0.05). Finally, we demonstrate a moderating effect of BMI on the relationship between GAA and insulin resistance where GAA correlated with insulin resistance specifically at higher BMIs. These results, which were largely replicated between two independent cohorts, suggest that interactions between epigenetics, obesity, and metabolic health may be important mechanisms through which childhood adversity contributes to long-term physical and metabolic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Harvanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Anastacia Y Kudinova
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Samantha A Wong
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Veteran Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leslie Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Teresa E Daniels
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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127
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Covington LB, Ji X, Brownlow JA, Ji M, Patterson F. Adverse Childhood Experiences May Dampen the Protective Role of Sleep Duration on Adolescent Obesity Risk. J Community Health 2024; 49:809-819. [PMID: 38565757 PMCID: PMC11347100 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) as a moderator between sleep duration/irregularity and overweight/obesity in U.S. adolescents. Using the National Survey of Children's Health 2017-2018 cross-sectional dataset, we included adolescents with available sleep and Body Mass Index (BMI) data. In a sample of 24,100 adolescents (mean age = 13.56 years, 49.35% female; 51% White), parents reported adolescent's sleep duration/irregularity, and number of ACEs. Logistic regression estimated the interaction between sleep duration/irregularity and the number of ACEs on overweight/obesity risk (BMI ≥ 85th percentile-for-age) using a stepwise approach and accounting for complex survey design. In the 24,100 adolescents, 33% were overweight/obese, 50% had ≥ 1 ACE, 37% slept < 8-10 h/night, and 14% had irregular sleep. Accounting for covariates and ACEs, every hour increase in sleep duration was associated with 6% decrease in overweight/obesity odds. There was a significant interaction between sleep duration and ACEs; the association between increasing sleep duration and decreasing odds of overweight/obesity was significant only in adolescents without ACEs (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.80, 0.95], p < 0.001). Increasing sleep duration is a recognized intervention target to decrease obesity risk, yet in adolescents experiencing ≥ 1 ACE, this protective role may be dampened. Future work may explore mechanisms for overweight/obesity development to inform interventions for adolescents facing adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Covington
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Boulevard 3rd Floor, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
| | - Xiaopeng Ji
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Boulevard 3rd Floor, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | | | - Ming Ji
- College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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128
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Zheng Y, Yin K, Li L, Wang X, Li H, Li W, Fang Z. Association between immune-inflammation-based prognostic index and depression: An exploratory cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:75-85. [PMID: 38944294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-inflammatory mediators influence numerous immune and inflammatory pathways, elevating the likelihood of depression. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) emerges as an innovative prognostic indicator, integrating various peripheral blood immune cell subpopulations, specifically neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes. This exploratory study aims to examine the correlation between SII and depression. METHODS Data from the 2005-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized. Depression was diagnosed with a Patient Health Questionnaire score of 10 or higher. The relationship between log2-SII and depression incidence was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS). Logistic regression was employed to calculate the odds ratio of depression concerning log2-SII. In cases of non-linearity, piecewise linear models with change points were applied to assess the associations in both the overall population and specific subgroups. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the applicability of the findings to particular populations. RESULTS A total of 42,133 participants were included in the study, comprising 49.32 % men and 50.68 % women, with an average age of 47.02 ± 17.45 years. RCS analysis demonstrated a J-shaped non-linear relationship between log2-SII and depression incidence. When log2-SII was ≥8.50, SII showed a positive association with depression incidence, even after adjusting for covariates. Additionally, each unit increase in log2-SII corresponded to an 18 % rise in depression incidence (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.10-1.27). Subgroup analysis further revealed that the association between SII and depression incidence varied across different populations. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional nature of NHANES, causality or long-term implications cannot be inferred. Further research is needed to ascertain if a longitudinal relationship exists between SII and depression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a significant and complex non-linear association between SII and depression. However, further basic and prospective studies are necessary to explore SII's impact on depression and clarify its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, these studies will provide a foundation for personalized interventions targeting the immune-inflammatory processes in patients with depression and elevated SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailin Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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129
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Stevens SK, Boley R, Pollack M, Hobfoll S, Shankman S, Pinkerton L, Valdespino-Hayden Z, Glover AC, Kaufman M, Dowd S, Zalta AK. The influence of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the relationship between emotion regulation and mood-related pathology in survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:258-262. [PMID: 38971192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide that is widely expressed throughout the limbic system. Recent evidence has highlighted NPY as a marker of resilience to posttraumatic psychopathology, which may be due to its association with neural regions involved with emotion regulation. This study examined whether plasma NPY levels moderated the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology in a sample of adult survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma, a population known to be at high risk for psychopathology. Adults exposed to an interpersonal criterion A trauma during childhood (N = 54) were recruited from an urban population at a midwestern medical center and completed a baseline study visit as part of a larger clinical trial. Participants gave a blood sample in order to assess circulating levels of NPY and answered questions related to emotion regulation and mood-related pathology. Results of a moderated multiple regression showed that the overall model was significant R2 = 0.26, F (5, 48) = 3.46, p < .01. Difficulties in emotion regulation was significantly predictive of psychopathology (unstandardized B = 0.032, p < .01), and this relationship was significantly moderated by levels of NPY (unstandardized B = -0.001, p < .05) such that the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology was weaker for those with higher levels of NPY. Results suggest that higher levels of NPY may lessen the association between emotion regulation and posttraumatic psychopathology in survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma. Further investigation of the contribution of NPY to psychopathology in this population is warranted. NCT: 02279290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Stevens
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Randy Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stevan Hobfoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America; STAR: Stress, Anxiety and Resilience Consultants, Sandy, UT, United States of America
| | - Stewart Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Linzy Pinkerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America; VA North Texas Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Angela C Glover
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Psychology Department, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Sheila Dowd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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130
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Corneliusson L, Gustafson Y, Olofsson B. Prevalence of depressive disorders among the very old in the 21st century. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:706-715. [PMID: 39029671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of depressive disorders in very old adults over time, in rural/urban environments, between men/women, as well as to explore other factors associated with depressive disorders. METHODS This study was conducted utilizing the GERDA-database data, which consists of four cohorts of 85, 90 and 95+ year olds living in Northern Sweden. Participants could reside independently or in residential care. Data collections took place between 2000 and 2017. Descriptive data and logistic regression models were utilized to explore data. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive disorders increased between 2000/02 and 2015/17 in all age groups, with the highest percentages observed in the 95+ age group, reaching 53.6 % in 2015/17. The prevalence varied from 20.3 % in those without dementia to 65.1 % in those with dementia. Sex or living in an urban/rural environment was not associated with an increased risk of depression in the fully adjusted models. Dementia and reduced capacity in activities of daily living were associated with depressive disorders among 85 and 90-year-olds, while living alone was associated with depressive disorders in the 95+ age group. LIMITATIONS Potentially limited generalizability, as this study took place in northern Sweden. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depressive disorders among very old adults increases with age and the prevalence also increases throughout cohorts and time. These alarming rates of depressive disorders among the very old require immediate measures and further investigation. Future studies are needed to explore and monitor trends and to plan and design tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yngve Gustafson
- Umeå University, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Olofsson
- Umeå University, Department of Nursing, Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Orthopaedics, Umeå, Sweden
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131
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Briazu RA, Bell L, Dodd GF, Blackburn S, Massri C, Chang B, Fischaber S, Kehlbacher A, Williams CM, Methven L, McCloy R. The effectiveness of personalised food choice advice tailored to an individual's socio-demographic, cognitive characteristics, and sensory preferences. Appetite 2024; 201:107600. [PMID: 39002566 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Personalised dietary advice has become increasingly popular, currently however most approaches are based on an individual's genetic and phenotypic profile whilst largely ignoring other determinants such as socio economic and cognitive variables. This paper provides novel insights by testing the effectiveness of personalised healthy eating advice concurrently tailored to an individual's socio-demographic group, cognitive characteristics, and sensory preferences. We first used existing data to build a synthetic dataset based on information from 3654 households (Study 1a), and then developed a cluster model to identify individuals characterised by similar socio-demographic, cognitive, and sensory aspects (Study 1b). Finally, in Study 2 we used the characteristics of 8 clusters to build 8 separate personalised food choice advice and assess their ability to motivate the increased consumption of fruit and vegetables and decreased intakes of saturated fat and sugar. We presented 218 participants with either generic UK Government "EatWell" advice, advice that was tailored to their allocated cluster (matched personalised), or advice tailored to a different cluster (unmatched personalised). Results showed that, when compared to generic advice, participants that received matched personalised advice were significantly more likely to indicate they would change their diet. Participants were similarly motivated to increase vegetable consumption and decrease saturated fat intake when they received unmatched personalised advice, potentially highlighting the power of providing alternative food choices. Overall, this study demonstrated that the power of personalizing food choice advice, based on a combination of individual characteristics, can be more effective than current approaches in motivating dietary change. Our study also emphasizes the viability of addressing population health through automatically delivered web-based personalised advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Briazu
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - L Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - G F Dodd
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - S Blackburn
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - C Massri
- EU Collaborative Projects Area, European Food Information Council, Belgium
| | - B Chang
- Research Area, European Food Information Council, Belgium
| | - S Fischaber
- Analytics Engines, Belfast, Northen Ireland, UK
| | - A Kehlbacher
- German Aerospace Center DLR, Institute for Transport Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - C M Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - L Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - R McCloy
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.
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132
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Weibel CJ, Dasari MR, Jansen DA, Gesquiere LR, Mututua RS, Warutere JK, Siodi LI, Alberts SC, Tung J, Archie EA. Using non-invasive behavioral and physiological data to measure biological age in wild baboons. GeroScience 2024; 46:4059-4074. [PMID: 38693466 PMCID: PMC11336142 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is near-ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but its timing and pace vary between individuals and over lifespans. Prospective, individual-based studies of wild animals-especially non-human primates-help identify the social and environmental drivers of this variation by indicating the conditions and exposure windows that affect aging processes. However, measuring individual biological age in wild primates is challenging because several of the most promising methods require invasive sampling. Here, we leverage observational data on behavior and physiology, collected non-invasively from 319 wild female baboons across 2402 female-years of study, to develop a composite predictor of age: the non-invasive physiology and behavior (NPB) clock. We found that age predictions from the NPB clock explained 51% of the variation in females' known ages. Further, deviations from the clock's age predictions predicted female survival: females predicted to be older than their known ages had higher adult mortality. Finally, females who experienced harsh early-life conditions were predicted to be about 6 months older than those who grew up in more benign conditions. While the relationship between early adversity and NPB age is noisy, this estimate translates to a predicted 2-3 year reduction in mean adult lifespan in our model. A constraint of our clock is that it is tailored to data collection approaches implemented in our study population. However, many of the clock's components have analogs in other populations, suggesting that non-invasive data can provide broadly applicable insight into heterogeneity in biological age in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Weibel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mauna R Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David A Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Raphael S Mututua
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - J Kinyua Warutere
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Long'ida I Siodi
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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133
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Lavan N, Sutherland CAM. Idiosyncratic and shared contributions shape impressions from voices and faces. Cognition 2024; 251:105881. [PMID: 39029363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Voices elicit rich first impressions of what the person we are hearing might be like. Research stresses that these impressions from voices are shared across different listeners, such that people on average agree which voices sound trustworthy or old and which do not. However, can impressions from voices also be shaped by the 'ear of the beholder'? We investigated whether - and how - listeners' idiosyncratic, personal preferences contribute to first impressions from voices. In two studies (993 participants, 156 voices), we find evidence for substantial idiosyncratic contributions to voice impressions using a variance portioning approach. Overall, idiosyncratic contributions were as important as shared contributions to impressions from voices for inferred person characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness, friendliness). Shared contributions were only more influential for impressions of more directly apparent person characteristics (e.g., gender, age). Both idiosyncratic and shared contributions were reduced when stimuli were limited in their (perceived) variability, suggesting that natural variation in voices is key to understanding this impression formation. When comparing voice impressions to face impressions, we found that idiosyncratic and shared contributions to impressions similarly across modality when stimulus properties are closely matched - although voice impressions were overall less consistent than face impressions. We thus reconceptualise impressions from voices as being formed not only based on shared but also idiosyncratic contributions. We use this new framing to suggest future directions of research, including understanding idiosyncratic mechanisms, development, and malleability of voice impression formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lavan
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Clare A M Sutherland
- School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
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134
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Monteiro F, Nascimento LB, Leitão J, Santos EJR, Rodrigues P, Santos IM, Simões F, Nascimento CS. OpenWMB: An open-source and automated working memory task battery for OpenSesame. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6880-6903. [PMID: 38575775 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Working memory capacity (WMC) has been measured with a plethora of cognitive tasks. Several preeminent automated batteries of working memory (WM) tasks have been developed recently. However, despite all their advantages, most batteries were programmed in paid platforms and/or only included a single WM paradigm. To address these issues, we developed the OpenWMB, an automated battery comprising seven tasks from three distinct paradigms (complex spans, updating tasks, and binding tasks) that tap into several functional aspects of WM (simultaneous storage and processing, updating, and binding). The battery runs on open-source software (OpenSesame) and is freely available online in a ready-to-download format. The OpenWMB possesses flexible features and includes a data processing script (that converts data into a format ready for statistical analysis). The instrument is available in Portuguese and English. However, we only assessed the psychometric properties of the former version. The Portuguese version presented good internal consistency and considerable internal and predictive validity: all tasks loaded into a single factor. Additionally, the WMC estimate was strongly correlated with a fluid intelligence factor. This study also tried to contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the best method to assess WMC. We computed a permutation analysis to compare the amount of variance shared between a fluid intelligence factor and (1) each WM task, (2) homogenous WMC factors (based on multiple tasks from the same paradigm), and (3) heterogeneous WMC factors (derived from triplets of tasks from different paradigms). Our results suggested that heterogeneous factors provided the best estimates of WMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Monteiro
- CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- ChronoCog - Laboratory for Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - José Leitão
- CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ChronoCog - Laboratory for Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J R Santos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- SHERU - Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Santos
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Simões
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Center for Research in Education and Psychology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla S Nascimento
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- SHERU - Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
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135
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Lee S, Chang H, Olson SL. Child Effortful Control as a Moderator of the Effects of Parenting on Children's Behavioral Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study Spanning 3 to 10 Years. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1225-1237. [PMID: 36571649 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine independent and interactive contributions of parenting behaviors (e.g., physical punishment, inductive discipline, warm responsiveness) and child effortful control on child externalizing problems during early and middle childhood. Participants were 241 children (123girls) of middle-income families in the U.S. who were primarily European Americans (91%) and at risk for school-age problem behaviors. Data were collected at ages 3, 6, and 10 using multiple methods, informants, and contexts. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated both independent and interactive influences of parenting behaviors and child effortful control on children's externalizing behaviors. Importantly, effortful control buffered the negative influence of physical punishment, but not other parenting behaviors, such that physical punishment was associated with external behaviors at 6 years only for children with poorer effortful control abilities. The results highlight both parental discipline strategies and child effortful control as promising targets for early identification and prevention of future problem behaviors. Summary: Parenting and child effortful control have long been topics of research on child development. However, relatively little is known about the long-term effects of early parenting in the context of effortful control and the possibility that those processes may differ across different dimensions of parenting (i.e., warm responsiveness, inductive discipline, and physical punishment) Therefore, this study aimed to examine independent and interactive contributions of parenting behaviors and child effortful control on child externalizing problems during early and middle childhood. Participants were 241 children (123girls) of middle-income families who were at risk for school-age problem behaviors. Data were collected using multiple methods, informants, and contexts. Specifically, child effortful control at 3 years was measured using multiple tasks, and parenting at 3 years was assessed via maternal report during home interview. Teachers contributed ratings of child externalizing behaviors at 3, 6, and 10 years. Results indicated both independent and interactive influences of parenting behaviors and child effortful control on children's externalizing behaviors. Importantly, effortful control buffered the negative influence of physical punishment, but not other parenting behaviors, such that physical punishment was associated with external behaviors at 6 years only for children with poorer effortful control abilities. Moreover, parents' use of physical punishment at age 3 showed a long-lasting association with children's problem behaviors at ages 6 and 10 years. The findings suggest that children with more advanced effortful control may be less susceptible to long-term detrimental contribution of physical punishment, although by no means they are protected from harmful effects of punitive discipline. This study provides more sophisticated explanations on the influence of early parenting and child effortful control on externalizing behaviors spanning early to middle childhood. The results also highlight different parental discipline strategies and child effortful controls as promising targets for early identification and prevention of children's future problem behaviors in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hyein Chang
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sheryl L Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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136
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De Francesco S, Scaini S, Alessandri G, Medda E, Camoni L, Stazi MA, Fagnani C. Age-Related Variations of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation of Fear, Distress and Externalizing Symptoms: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1354-1366. [PMID: 36694087 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The frequency with which Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms co-occur suggests that, behind both domains, there may be a common susceptibility represented by a general psychopathology factor. However, it's still unclear whether this common susceptibility is affected by age-related variations. Internalizing (i.e., Fear and Distress) and Externalizing symptoms were evaluated in 803 twin pairs from the population-based Italian Twin Registry. Model-fitting analysis was performed separately in the 6-14 and 15-18 age groups to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to the covariance among symptoms. For the 6-14 group, a multivariate Cholesky model best fitted the data, while, for the 15-18 group, the best fit was provided by a Common Pathway model in which nearly 50% of total variance of each trait was mediated by common genetic factors. Our findings support a common susceptibility behind Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms, mainly genetic in origin, that becomes more evident at the beginning of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Camoni
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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137
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Steggerda JC, Rivera FAP, Craig JT, Cavell TA. Lunchroom-Specific Peer Acceptance and Children's Internalizing Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1367-1376. [PMID: 36695931 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prior research suggests the elementary school lunchroom is an important context for children's social development. Using a sample of 659 fourth-grade students in 10 public schools (50.7% female; 42.7% Hispanic/Latinx, 30.3% White, 10% Pacific Islander, 7.8% bi/multiracial, 2.2% American Indian, 2.2% Black, 1.9% Asian, and 2.9% other), we examined the association between lunchroom-specific peer acceptance and internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and social anxiety symptoms). We hypothesized that lunchroom peer acceptance would predict self-rated depression and social anxiety symptoms when controlling for social preference scores. Using hierarchical linear modeling, results indicated self-rated lunchtime peer acceptance scores in December significantly predicted depression symptoms in May when controlling social preference scores and accounted for changes in depression scores across a school year. However, some significant gender differences emerged. Results suggest that elementary school lunchroom interventions should attend to children's perceptions of lunchroom likability and their experiences of depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Steggerda
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 72704, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | | | - James T Craig
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Timothy A Cavell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 72704, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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138
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Mistica M, Haylock P, Michalewicz A, Raad S, Fitzgerald E, Hitchcock C. A natural language model to automate scoring of autobiographical memories. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6707-6720. [PMID: 38664340 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Biases in the retrieval of personal, autobiographical memories are a core feature of multiple mental health disorders, and are associated with poor clinical prognosis. However, current assessments of memory bias are either reliant on human scoring, restricting their administration in clinical settings, or when computerized, are only able to identify one memory type. Here, we developed a natural language model able to classify text-based memories as one of five different autobiographical memory types (specific, categoric, extended, semantic associate, omission), allowing easy assessment of a wider range of memory biases, including reduced memory specificity and impaired memory flexibility. Our model was trained on 17,632 text-based, human-scored memories obtained from individuals with and without experience of memory bias and mental health challenges, which was then tested on a dataset of 5880 memories. We used 20-fold cross-validation setup, and the model was fine-tuned over BERT. Relative to benchmarking and an existing support vector model, our model achieved high accuracy (95.7%) and precision (91.0%). We provide an open-source version of the model which is able to be used without further coding, by those with no coding experience, to facilitate the assessment of autobiographical memory bias in clinical settings, and aid implementation of memory-based interventions within treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meladel Mistica
- Melbourne Data Analytics Platform (MDAP), University of Melbourne, Melbourne Connect, Carlton, 3053, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Patrick Haylock
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Michalewicz
- Melbourne Data Analytics Platform (MDAP), University of Melbourne, Melbourne Connect, Carlton, 3053, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steph Raad
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Fitzgerald
- Melbourne Data Analytics Platform (MDAP), University of Melbourne, Melbourne Connect, Carlton, 3053, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlin Hitchcock
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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139
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Armbruster-Genç DJN, Rammensee RA, Jungmann SM, Drake P, Wessa M, Basten U. The Ambiguous Cue Task: Measurement reliability of an experimental paradigm for the assessment of interpretation bias and associations with mental health. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7774-7789. [PMID: 38995519 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Interpretation biases in the processing of ambiguous affective information are assumed to play an important role in the onset and maintenance of emotional disorders. Reports of low reliability for experimental measures of cognitive biases have called into question previous findings on the association of these measures with markers of mental health and demonstrated the need to systematically evaluate measurement reliability for measures of cognitive biases. We evaluated reliability and correlations with self-report measures of mental health for interpretation bias scores derived from the Ambiguous Cue Task (ACT), an experimental paradigm for the assessment of approach-avoidance behavior towards ambiguous affective stimuli. For a non-clinical sample, the measurement of an interpretation bias with the ACT showed high internal consistency (rSB = .91 - .96, N = 354) and acceptable 2-week test-retest correlations (rPearson = .61 - .65, n = 109). Correlations between the ACT interpretation bias scores and mental health-related self-report measures of personality and well-being were generally small (r ≤ |.11|) and statistically not significant when correcting for multiple comparisons. These findings suggest that in non-clinical populations, individual differences in the interpretation of ambiguous affective information as assessed with the ACT do not show a clear association with self-report markers of mental health. However, in allowing for a highly reliable measurement of interpretation bias, the ACT provides a valuable tool for studies considering potentially small effect sizes in non-clinical populations by studying bigger samples as well as for work on clinical populations, for which potentially greater effects can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Rammensee
- Department of Psychology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Jungmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philine Drake
- DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Basten
- Department of Psychology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
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140
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Shenoy R, Nickels L, Krishnan G. Naming in a multilingual context: Norms for the ICMR-Manipal colour picture corpus in Kannada from the Indian context. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7602-7620. [PMID: 38914789 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
There have been many published picture corpora. However, more than half of the world's population speaks more than one language and, as language and culture are intertwined, some of the items from a picture corpus designed for a given language in a particular culture may not fit another culture (with the same or different language). There is also an awareness that language research can gain from the study of bi-/multilingual individuals who are immersed in multilingual contexts that foster inter-language interactions. Consequently, we developed a relatively large corpus of pictures (663 nouns, 96 verbs) and collected normative data from multilingual speakers of Kannada (a southern Indian language) on two picture-related measures (name agreement, image agreement) and three word-related measures (familiarity, subjective frequency, age of acquisition), and report objective visual complexity and syllable count of the words. Naming labels were classified into words from the target language (i.e., Kannada), cognates (borrowed from/shared with another language), translation equivalents, and elaborations. The picture corpus had > 85% mean concept agreement with multiple acceptable names (1-7 naming labels) for each concept. The mean percentage name agreement for the modal name was > 70%, with H-statistics of 0.89 for nouns and 0.52 for verbs. We also analyse the variability of responses highlighting the influence of bi-/multilingualism on (picture) naming. The picture corpus is freely accessible to researchers and clinicians. It may be used for future standardization with other languages of similar cultural contexts, and relevant items can be used in languages from different cultures, following suitable standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajath Shenoy
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Lyndsey Nickels
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gopee Krishnan
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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141
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Clausen BK, Yaggi A, Bakhshaie J, Jones AA, Zvolensky MJ. Anxiety sensitivity in relation to smoking dependence motives among Latinx persons who smoke. J Behav Med 2024; 47:864-873. [PMID: 38980459 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter Latinx) persons are an established tobacco disparities population in the United States (US). Past work has suggested that individual differences in anxiety sensitivity, or the fear of arousal-based sensations, is one important cognitive construct for smoking maintenance and relapse among Latinx persons who smoke. However, previous research has not examined if anxiety sensitivity is associated with motivational facets of smoking dependence among this tobacco disparities population. In the current study, anxiety sensitivity was explored in terms of smoking motives for primary, secondary, and overall cigarette dependence. Participants included 336 English-speaking Latinx adults in the US who smoked cigarettes daily (Mage = 35.53, SD = 8.65, 37.3% Female). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was statistically significantly and positively related to higher primary and secondary dependence motives and marginally statistically significant to cigarette dependence; findings were evident after adjusting for numerous theoretically relevant variables (e.g., depression). Overall, the current study is the first to document linkages between anxiety sensitivity and numerous motivational bases of tobacco dependence among Latinx persons who smoke from the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce K Clausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anna Yaggi
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ava A Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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142
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Buaron B, Reznik D, Mukamel R. High or low expectations: Expected intensity of action outcome is embedded in action kinetics. Cognition 2024; 251:105887. [PMID: 39018636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Goal-directed actions are performed in order to attain certain sensory consequences in the world. However, expected attributes of these consequences can affect the kinetics of the action. In a set of three studies (n = 120), we examined how expected attributes of stimulus outcome (intensity) shape the kinetics of the triggering action (applied force), even when the action kinetic and attribute are independent. We show that during action execution (button presses), the expected intensity of sensory outcome affects the applied force of the stimulus-producing action in an inverse fashion. Thus, participants applied more force when the expected intensity of the outcome was low (vs. high intensity outcome). In the absence of expectations or when actions were performed in response to the sensory event, no intensity-dependent force modulations were found. Thus, expectations of stimulus intensity and causality play an important role in shaping action kinetics. Finally, we examined the relationship between kinetics and perception and found no influence of applied force level on perceptual detection of low intensity (near-threshold) outcome stimuli, suggesting no causal link between the two. Taken together, our results demonstrate that action kinetics are embedded with high-level context such as the expectation of consequence intensity and the causal relationship with environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batel Buaron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Daniel Reznik
- Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipizg, Germany
| | - Roy Mukamel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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143
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Mason A, Sun Y, Simonsen N, Madan CR, Spetch ML, Ludvig EA. Risky effort. Cognition 2024; 251:105895. [PMID: 39033738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Decision-making involves weighing up the outcome likelihood, potential rewards, and effort needed. Previous research has focused on the trade-offs between risk and reward or between effort and reward. Here we bridge this gap and examine how risk in effort levels influences choice. We focus on how two key properties of choice influence risk preferences for effort: changes in magnitude and probability. Two experiments assessed people's risk attitudes for effort, and an additional experiment provided a control condition using monetary gambles. The extent to which people valued effort was related to their pattern of risk preferences. Unlike with monetary outcomes, however, there was substantial heterogeneity in effort-based risk preferences: People who responded to effort as costly exhibited a "flipped" interaction pattern of risk preferences. The direction of the pattern depended on whether people treated effort as a loss of resources. Most, but not all, people treat effort as a loss and are more willing to take risks to avoid potentially high levels of effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mason
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK.
| | | | - Nick Simonsen
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Denmark
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144
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Dai X, Lu S, Sullivan AA, Hu H. "All you need is compassion?" a latent profile analysis of neglect and self-compassion on child mental health. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:799-807. [PMID: 39029682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglect is a common form of child maltreatment and profoundly affects children's mental health globally. Self-compassion may help children cope with neglect but the role of self-compassion in neglect context has been understudied. This study identifies distinct patterns of self-compassion and child neglect and explores how neglect and self-compassion profiles correlate with child mental health. METHODS The sample includes 3342 children aged 8-16 (49.6 % female) from a national survey of 29 provinces in China using a multistage sampling method. We used latent profile analysis to identify distinct profiles of self-compassion and neglect and examine their combined effects on child mental health, including both positive indicators (hope, resilience) and negative indicators (anxiety, depression, academic burnout, and peer problems). RESULTS We identified four neglect/self-compassion profiles: Adaptable Self-Carers (average neglect/high self-compassion), Vulnerable Languishers (high neglect/low self-compassion), Stable Self-Soothers (low neglect/average self-compassion), and Opportune Thrivers (low neglect/high self-compassion). The Vulnerable Languishers group exhibited the poorest mental health outcomes, whereas the Opportune Thrivers showed the best outcomes. Adaptable Self-Carers, although experiencing more neglect than Stable Self-Soothers, had better mental health than the latter, possibly due to their greater self-compassion. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits our ability to determine causality, and the use of self-reported measures increases response bias risk. CONCLUSIONS More self-compassion and less neglect are associated with more positive mental health outcomes. Moreover, self-compassion is a potential protective factor against the adverse effects of neglect on child mental health. Fostering self-compassion may boost positive adjustment in children who have experienced neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Dai
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Social Work, 15 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Lu
- University of Central Florida, School of Social Work, 12805 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Alfred Sullivan
- University of Central Florida, School of Public Administration, 500 W. Livingston St, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Renmin University of China, School of Public Administration and Policy, Qiushi Building, 59 Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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145
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Miadich SA, Ostner SG, Murillo AS, Bui C, Rea-Sandin G, Doane LD, Davis MC, Lemery-Chalfant K. The moderating role of early-life parental adverse and positive factors in the genetic and environmental contributions to objectively assessed sleep duration in middle childhood. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105994. [PMID: 38991312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Early-life positive and adverse parental factors, such as positive parent personality and parental stress, affect the environmental context in which children develop and may influence individual differences in children's sleep health. This study examined the moderating role of early-life parental factors in the heritability (i.e., the extent to which individual differences are due to genetic influences) of objectively assessed childhood sleep duration. A total of 351 families from the Arizona Twin Project were studied. Primary caregivers (95% mothers) reported on multiple dimensions of stress and facets of their own personality when the twins were 12 months old. Seven years later (Mage = 8.43 years, SD = 0.68), families completed a home visit, and twins (51% female; 57% White, 29% Hispanic; 30% monozygotic, 39% same-sex dizygotic, 31% other-sex dizygotic) wore actigraph watches to assess their sleep, with caregivers completing similar assessments on their personality attributes and stress. Early-life positive parent personality moderated the heritability of sleep duration (Δ-2LL [-2 log likelihood] = 2.54, Δdf = 2, p = .28), such that as positive parent personality increased, the heritability of duration decreased. Early-life parental stress also moderated the genetic contribution to sleep duration (Δ-2LL = 2.02, Δdf = 2, p = .36), such that as stress increased, the heritability of duration increased. Concurrent positive parent personality and parental stress composites showed similar patterns of findings. Results highlight the likely contribution of parent positive traits and adverse experiences to the etiology of children's sleep health, with genetic influences on children's sleep more prominent in "riskier" environments. Understanding how genetics and environments work together to influence the etiology of sleep may inform prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Miadich
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Savannah G Ostner
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alexys S Murillo
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Christy Bui
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Gianna Rea-Sandin
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Mary C Davis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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146
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Reangsing C, Moonpanane K, Pittchalard K, Schneider JK. Efficacy of a Mind Space Application intervention on psychological outcomes in Thai university students with depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:317-322. [PMID: 38986875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Mind Space Application on psychological outcomes among Thai-university students with depression. METHOD Thai-university students with depression (N = 50) were recruited between November 2021 and January 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to either an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention via the Mind Space Application intervention or a waitlist control group. Stress, anxiety, depression, and mindfulness were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Post-intervention, compared to waitlist control group, participants using the Mind Space Application reported large effects in the reduction of stress (d = 1.46, p < .001) and depression (d = 1.88, p < .001), small to moderate effects in reduction of anxiety (d = 0.35, p = .35), but no significant. Also, mindfulness scores were significantly higher (d = 1.90, p < .001) compared to the waitlist control group. CONCLUSION Thai-university students with depression who used the Mind Space Application showed lower stress and depression and higher mindfulness compared to the waitlist group among. Similar applications may be useful as an alternative or combined with other treatments to improve psychological outcomes in other university student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntana Reangsing
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiangrai, Thailand; Nursing Innovation Research and Resource Unit, Mae Fah Luaung University, Thailand.
| | - Katemanee Moonpanane
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiangrai, Thailand; Nursing Innovation Research and Resource Unit, Mae Fah Luaung University, Thailand
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147
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Robinson K, Cornes JP, Karl JA, Wilson MS, Grimshaw GM. Emotion dysregulation in nonsuicidal self-injury: Dissociations between global self-reports and real-time responses to emotional challenge. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:835-842. [PMID: 39032715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prominent theories of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) propose that the behaviour is characterised by amplified emotional responses. However, little is known about how people who self-injure respond during emotional challenge. METHODS We measured subjective and physiological responding (heart rate, heart rate variability, and electrodermal responding) among young adults with past-year NSSI (n = 51) and those with no lifetime NSSI (n = 50) during a resting baseline, a stress induction, and a post-stress resting phase. Participants reported the extent to which they spontaneously used cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression during the post-stress phase. Two weeks later, a subset of the sample (n = 42) reported how they remembered feeling during the laboratory session. RESULTS Although the NSSI group reported considerably greater emotion dysregulation than Controls, both groups showed similar subjective and psychological reactivity to, and recovery from, emotional challenge. Both groups used reappraisal and suppression regulation strategies following acute stress to a similar extent, and later came to remember the emotional challenge in a similar manner. LIMITATIONS Within the NSSI group, past-year self-injury tended to be infrequent and sporadic. Only 43.6% of the sample participated in the follow-up survey assessing memory of emotional challenge. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that the role of emotion in NSSI is more complex than prominent theories can account for, raising substantial questions regarding the nature of emotion in NSSI. A more comprehensive understanding of the role of emotion in NSSI is needed to inform intervention strategies to better support people who self-injure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealagh Robinson
- School of Psychology, Massey University, New Zealand; School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Joe P Cornes
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Johannes A Karl
- Psychology and Disruptive Technologies, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Marc S Wilson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gina M Grimshaw
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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148
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Yu H, Hu X, He Y, Li W, Mai X. Preschoolers' in-group bias promotes altruistic sharing and reduces second-party punishment: The role of theory of mind. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:106015. [PMID: 39033604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study examines how in-group bias affects altruistic sharing and second-party punishment in preschoolers and the role of theory of mind (ToM) in in-group bias. Preschoolers aged 4 to 7 years (N = 309; 160 girls) were asked to share resources with an in-group member and an out-group member (Dictator Game) and to reject or accept an unequal allocation proposed by an in-group member and an out-group member (Ultimatum Game). The results showed that preschoolers shared more resources with, and tolerated more unfair behaviors from, in-group members. ToM influenced the in-group bias in both altruistic sharing and second-party punishment. Notably, children's degree of in-group favoritism in altruistic sharing was positively related to the second-party punishment children imposed on out-group members. However, this pattern was found only among children who had acquired first-order ToM. This study reveals the developmental patterns of preschoolers' in-group bias in altruistic sharing and second-party punishment and the effects of ToM on in-group bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xinmu Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yijuan He
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wenrong Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; Laboratory of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
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149
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Bodó V, Horváth Z, Paksi B, Eisinger A, Felvinczi K, Demetrovics Z, Kun B. Work addiction and personality organization: Results from a representative, three-wave longitudinal study. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 134:152513. [PMID: 38943714 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have explored the relationship between personality and work addiction, suggesting that individuals with certain mental disorders, including personality disorders such as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), may be more prone to work addiction. However, the characterization of personality organization (PO) among workaholics and its contribution to the persistence of work addiction remains unclear. METHODS In this longitudinal study of a representative sample of young adults (N = 1748), we applied the Bergen Work Addiction Scale and the Inventory of Personality Organization. RESULTS We found significant correlations between work addiction and identity diffusion, primitive psychological defenses, reality testing, and overall personality disorganization across three waves. A latent class growth analysis revealed three profiles: no work addiction, increasing work addiction, and constant moderate work addiction. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of personality disorganization in wave 1 and increases in personality disorganization between waves 1 and 3 were associated with higher odds of belonging to the increasing work addiction group. Similarly, higher overall personality disorganization in wave 1 was associated with higher odds of belonging to the constant moderate work addiction group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that individuals with chronic work addiction have lower levels of PO, and PO declines as work addiction persists. Screenings for work addiction are recommended to prevent potential mental health issues. Future research should explore the influence of workplace characteristics and work motivations on the association between work addiction and personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Bodó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Eisinger
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Felvinczi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bernadette Kun
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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150
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Mather KA, Weston SJ, Condon DM. Scaling a common assessment of associative ability: Development and validation of a multiple-choice compound remote associates task. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1-29. [PMID: 38839705 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The assessment of creativity as an individual difference has historically focused on divergent thinking, which is increasingly viewed as involving the associative processes that are also understood to be a key component of creative potential. Research on associative processes has proliferated in many sub-fields, often using Compound Remote Associates (CRA) tasks with an open response format and relatively small participant samples. In the present work, we introduce a new format that is more amenable to large-scale data collection in survey designs, and present evidence for the reliability and validity of CRA measures in general using multiple large samples. Study 1 uses a large, representative dataset (N = 1,323,480) to demonstrate strong unidimensionality and internal consistency (α = .97; ωt = .87), as well as links to individual differences in temperament, cognitive ability, occupation, and job characteristics. Study 2 uses an undergraduate sample (N = 685) to validate the use of a multiple-choice format relative to the traditional approach. Study 3 uses a crowdsourced sample (N = 357) to demonstrate high test-retest reliability of the items (r =.74). Finally, Study 4 uses a sample that overlaps with Study 1 (N = 1,502,922) to provide item response theory (IRT) parameters for a large set of high-quality CRA items that use a multiple-choice response mode, thus facilitating their use in future research on creativity, insight, and related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A Mather
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx Street, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA.
| | - Sara J Weston
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx Street, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
| | - David M Condon
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx Street, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
- Midjourney, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
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