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Abstract
Sex differences exist in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for sexual dimorphism in energy balance may facilitate development of gender-specific therapies for human diseases, e.g. obesity. Multiple organs, including the brain, liver, fat and muscle, play important roles in the regulations of feeding behavior, energy expenditure and physical activity, which therefore contribute to the maintenance of energy balance. It has been increasingly appreciated that this multi-organ system is under different regulations in male vs. female animals. Much of effort has been focused on roles of sex hormones (including androgens, estrogens and progesterone) and sex chromosomes in this sex-specific regulation of energy balance. Emerging evidence also indicates that other factors (not sex hormones/receptors and not encoded by the sex chromosomes) exist to regulate energy homeostasis differentially in males vs. females. In this review, we summarize factors and signals that have been shown to regulate energy homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic fashion and propose a framework where these factors and signals may be integrated to mediate sex differences in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yong Xu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
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152
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Scheimann JR, Mahbod P, Morano R, Frantz L, Packard B, Campbell K, Herman JP. Deletion of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Forebrain GABAergic Neurons Alters Acute Stress Responding and Passive Avoidance Behavior in Female Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:325. [PMID: 30627088 PMCID: PMC6309161 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is critically involved in regulation of stress responses [inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis], emotional behavior and cognition via interactions with forebrain corticolimbic circuity. Work to date has largely focused on GR actions in forebrain excitatory neurons; however, recent studies suggest a potential role mediated by interneurons. Here, we targeted GR deletion in forebrain GABAergic neurons, including the cortical interneurons, using a Dlx5/6-Cre driver line to test the role of forebrain interneuronal GR in HPA axis regulation and behavior. Our data indicate that GR deletion in GABAergic neurons causes elevated corticosterone stress responsiveness and decreased cross-over latencies in a passive avoidance task in females, but not males. Dlx5/6-Cre driven gene deletion caused loss of GR in interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, but also in select diencephalic GABAergic neurons (including the reticular thalamic nucleus and dorsomedial hypothalamus). Our data suggest that GR signaling in interneurons is differentially important in females, which may have implications for GR-directed therapies for stress-related affective disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R Scheimann
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Parinaz Mahbod
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Morano
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lindsey Frantz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ben Packard
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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153
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Ma N, Liu XW, Kong XJ, Li SH, Jiao ZH, Qin Z, Yang YJ, Li JY. Aspirin eugenol ester regulates cecal contents metabolomic profile and microbiota in an animal model of hyperlipidemia. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:405. [PMID: 30563510 PMCID: PMC6299661 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, with an increasing of prevalence, has become one of the common metabolic diseases in companion animal clinic. Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a novel compound that exhibits efficacious anti-hyperlipidemia activities. However, its mechanisms are still not completely known. The objective of present study was to investigate the intervention effects of AEE on cecal contents metabonomics profile and microbiota in hyperlipidemia rats. RESULTS Three groups of rats were fed with a control diet, or high fat diet (HFD) containing or not AEE. The results showed the beneficial effects of AEE in HFD-fed rats such as the reducing of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total cholesterol (TCH). Distinct changes in metabonomics profile of cecal contents were observed among control, model and AEE groups. HFD-induced alterations of eight metabolites in cecal contents mainly related with purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism were reversed by AEE treatment. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and cluster analysis of microbiota showed altered patterns with distinct differences in AEE group versus model group, indicating that AEE treatment improved the negative effects caused by HFD on cecal microbiota. In addition, the correction analysis revealed the possible link between the identified metabolites and cecal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS This study showed regulation effects of AEE on cecal contents metabonomics profile and microbiota, which could provide information to reveal the possible underlying mechanism of AEE on hyperlipidemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Kong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zeng-Hua Jiao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.335, Jiangouyan, Qilihe district, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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154
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Cheng AA, Li W, Hernandez LL. Effect of high-fat diet feeding and associated transcriptome changes in the peak lactation mammary gland in C57BL/6 dams. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:1059-1070. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00052.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy has established adverse effects on the developing neonate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of an HFD on the murine mammary gland during midlactation. Female C57BL/6J mice were placed on either a low-fat diet (LFD/10% fat) or HFD (60% fat) from 3 wk of age through peak lactation (lactation day 11/L11). After 4 wk of consuming either the LFD or HFD, female mice were bred. There were no significant differences in milk yield between treatment groups, which was measured from L1 to L9. On L10, mice were subjected to an overnight fast and then euthanized on the morning of L11. Total RNA was isolated from inguinal mammary glands for whole transcriptome sequencing. We found 628 genes that were differentially expressed between the treatment groups. Notably, HFD feeding resulted in expression alterations of genes involved in collagen and cytoplasmic components. Additionally, genes related to inflammatory and immune responses were also impacted. Differential expression in gene transcript isoforms between the treatment groups was detected in three genes related to mammary duct development. This study sheds light as to how an HFD may affect the mammary gland transcriptome during midlactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Cheng
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - W. Li
- United States Department of Agriculture Dairy Forage, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - L. L. Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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155
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Smith DL, Yang Y, Nagy TR, Patki A, Vasselli JR, Zhang Y, Dickinson SL, Allison DB. Weight Cycling Increases Longevity Compared with Sustained Obesity in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1733-1739. [PMID: 30358151 PMCID: PMC6221135 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the known health benefits of weight loss among persons with obesity, observational studies have reported that cycles of weight loss and regain, or weight cycling, are associated with increased mortality. To study whether weight loss must be sustained to achieve health and longevity benefits, we performed a randomized controlled feeding study of weight cycling in mice. METHODS In early adult life, obese mice were randomized to ad libitum feeding to sustain obesity, calorie restriction to achieve a "normal" or intermediate body weight, or weight cycling (repeated episodes of calorie restriction and ad libitum refeeding). Body weight, body composition, and food intake were followed longitudinally until death. A subsample of mice was collected from each group for determination of adipose cell size, serum analytes, and gene expression. RESULTS Weight loss significantly reduced adipose mass and adipocyte size in both sexes, whereas weight cycling animals regained body fat and cell size during refeeding. Sustained weight loss resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in mortality compared with ad libitum feeding. CONCLUSIONS Weight cycling significantly increased life-span relative to remaining with obesity and had a similar benefit to sustained modest weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nutrition Obesity Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of AgingUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nutrition Obesity Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nutrition Obesity Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of AgingUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Joseph R. Vasselli
- Department of Medicine, New York Obesity‐Nutrition Research Center, College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, New York Obesity‐Nutrition Research Center, College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephanie L. Dickinson
- Department of Statistics and Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nutrition Obesity Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of AgingUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Office of Energetics, School of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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156
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Paulo E, Wu D, Hecker P, Zhang Y, Wang B. Adipocyte HDAC4 activation leads to beige adipocyte expansion and reduced adiposity. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:153-165. [PMID: 30121575 PMCID: PMC6379159 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that beige adipocyte abundance is correlated with improved metabolic performance, but direct evidence showing that beige adipocyte expansion protects animals from the development of obesity is missing. Previously, we have described that the liver kinase b1 (LKB1) regulates beige adipocyte renaissance in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) through a class IIa histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4)-dependent mechanism. This study investigates the physiological impact of persistent beige adipocyte renaissance in energy homeostasis in mice. Here we present that the transgenic mice H4-TG, overexpressing constitutively active HDAC4 in adipocytes, showed beige adipocyte expansion in iWAT at room temperature. H4-TG mice exhibited increased energy expenditure due to beige adipocyte expansion. They also exhibited reduced adiposity under both normal chow and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding conditions. Specific ablation of beige adipocytes reversed the protection against HFD-induced obesity in H4-TG mice. Taken together, our results directly demonstrate that beige adipocyte expansion regulates adiposity in mice and targeting beige adipocyte renaissance may present a novel strategy to tackle obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Biao Wang
- Corresponding Author, Biao Wang Ph.D., 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, Room 252Y, San Francisco, CA 94158, Phone: 415-502-2023,
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157
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Pappas LE, Nagy TR. The translation of age-related body composition findings from rodents to humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:172-178. [PMID: 30283153 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to highlight changes in body composition in rodent models as a result of healthy aging in order to enhance translational research. Aging is associated with alterations in body composition, particularly fat mass and fat-free mass, which may be accompanied by adverse health effects, especially nearing middle age to old age. In humans, it is generally understood that fat mass tends to increase while fat-free mass concurrently declines with aging. However, the effect of aging on body composition in rodent models is less well studied, and how these changes compare and contrast with observations in humans has not yet been fully elucidated. Though, it appears as though the constituent-level alterations occur in humans and rodents at different life phases thereby having a potential effect on the outcomes of basic biomedical research. Though highly strain-dependent, this review suggests that FM changes begin at a much earlier life phase in rodents than in humans. Conversely, FFM appears to increase throughout middle age and into old age in rodents, whereas middle age is associated with the initiation the subsequent decline of FFM in humans. Given the essentiality of rodent models in basic biomedical research, careful consideration of these differences in age-related BC findings is imperative when the research is aimed for human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Pappas
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
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158
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Tarasco E, Pellegrini G, Whiting L, Lutz TA. Phenotypical heterogeneity in responder and nonresponder male ApoE*3Leiden.CETP mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G602-G617. [PMID: 29975550 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00081.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue worldwide and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia. Several animal models were used to describe the MetS; however, many of them do not mimic well the MetS pathophysiology in humans. The ApoE*3Leiden.CETP mouse model overcomes part of this limitation, since they have a humanised lipoprotein metabolism and a heterogeneous response to MetS, similar to humans. The reported heterogeneity among them and their common classification refer to responder (R) and nonresponder (NR) mice; R mice show increased body weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels, whereas NR mice do not show this expected phenotype when fed a Western type diet. To define better the differences between R and NR mice, we focused on feeding behavior, body weight gain, glucose tolerance, and lipid parameters, and on an extensive pathological examination along with liver histology analysis. Our data confirmed that R mice resemble the pathological features of the human MetS: obesity, dysplipidemia, and glucose intolerance. NR mice do not develop the full dysmetabolic phenotype because of a severe inflammatory hepatic condition, which may heavily affect liver function. We conclude that R and NR mice are metabolically different and that NR mice have indications of severely impaired liver function. Hence, it is critical to identify and separate the respective mice to decrease data heterogeneity. Clinical chemistry and histological analysis should be used to confirm retrospectively the animals' classification. Moreover, we point out that NR mice may not be an appropriate control for studies involving ApoE*3Leiden.CETP R mice. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When compared with some other animal models, ApoE*3Leiden.CETP mice are better models to describe the metabolic syndrome. However, there is phenotypic heterogeneity between "responder" and "nonresponder" mice, the latter showing some evidence of hepatic pathology. A full phenotypic characterization and eventually postmortem analysis of the liver are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tarasco
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lynda Whiting
- Institute of Drug and Discovery Biology, University of Monash , Victoria , Australia
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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159
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Pinzón-García AD, Orellano LAA, de Lazari MGT, Campos PP, Cortes ME, Sinisterra RD. Evidence of hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects of the Bixin and Bixin: β-CD inclusion compound in high-fat-fed obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:363-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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160
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Delahaye LB, Bloomer RJ, Butawan MB, Wyman JM, Hill JL, Lee HW, Liu AC, McAllan L, Han JC, van der Merwe M. Time-restricted feeding of a high-fat diet in male C57BL/6 mice reduces adiposity but does not protect against increased systemic inflammation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1033-1042. [PMID: 29717885 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) limits the duration of food availability without altering diet composition and can combat obesity in humans and mice. For this study we evaluated the effect of timing of food access during a TRF protocol on weight gain, adiposity, and inflammation. Young male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a high-fat (HF) diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks. Food access was unrestricted (HF) or restricted to 6 h per day, either for the first half (HF-early) or the second half (HF-late) of the active phase to resemble a window of time for food consumption early or late in the day in a human population. Weight, obesity-associated parameters, and inflammation were measured. TRF reduced weight gain over the 8-week period in mice consuming the same high-fat diet. Consistent with decreased weight gain in the TRF groups, body fat percentage, liver triglycerides, and plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were reduced. Adipose tissue inflammation, measured by CD11b+F4/80+ macrophage infiltration, was reduced in both TRF groups, but systemic tumor necrosis factor-α was increased in all groups consuming the high-fat diet. The HF-late group gained more weight than the HF-early group and had increased insulin resistance, while the HF-early group was protected. Therefore, a TRF protocol is beneficial for weight management when a high-fat diet is consumed, with food consumption earlier in the day showing greater health benefits. However, increased inflammatory markers in the TRF groups suggest that diet components can still increase inflammation even in the absence of overt obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Delahaye
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Matthew B Butawan
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Wyman
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Harold W Lee
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Liam McAllan
- c Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- c Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- d Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- e Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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161
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Hua H, Yang J, Lin H, Xi Y, Dai M, Xu G, Wang F, Liu L, Zhao T, Huang J, Gonzalez FJ, Liu A. PPARα-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1630-1642. [PMID: 30251457 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the concurrence of at least three of five medical conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, high serum triglyceride (TG) and low serum high-density lipoprotein levels. While fibrates are used to treat disorders other than the lowering serum TG, the mechanism by which fibrates decrease MS has not been established. METHODS In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice fed a medium-fat diet (MFD) were administered gemfibrozil and fenofibrate for 3 months respectively, to explore the effect and action mechanism. KEY FINDINGS In Ppara-null mice, MFD treatment increased body weight, adipose tissue, serum TG and impaired glucose tolerance. These phenotypes were attenuated in two groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The STAT3 pathway was activated in adipose and hepatic tissues in positive control, and inhibited in groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The above phenotypes and inflammation were not observed in any wild-type group. In 3T3-L1 adipogenic stem cells treated with high glucose, STAT3 knockdown greatly decreased the number of lipid droplets. CONCLUSIONS Low dose of clinical fibrates was effective against MS development independent of PPARα, and this action was mediated by STAT3 signalling inhibition in adipose tissue and, to a lesser extent, in hepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Hua
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Julin Yang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Hante Lin
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Manyun Dai
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Gangming Xu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingqi Zhao
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aiming Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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162
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Muthiah A, Angulo MS, Walker NN, Keller SR, Lee JK. Biologically anchored knowledge expansion approach uncovers KLF4 as a novel insulin signaling regulator. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204100. [PMID: 30240435 PMCID: PMC6150497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in analyzing high throughput omics data in biological studies is extracting information that is relevant to specific biological mechanisms of interest while simultaneously restricting the number of false positive findings. Due to random chances with numerous candidate targets and mechanisms, computational approaches often yield a large number of false positives that cannot easily be discerned from relevant biological findings without costly, and often infeasible, biological experiments. We here introduce and apply an integrative bioinformatics approach, Biologically Anchored Knowledge Expansion (BAKE), which uses sequential statistical analysis and literature mining to identify highly relevant network genes and effectively removes false positive findings. Applying BAKE to genomic expression data collected from mouse (Mus musculus) adipocytes during insulin resistance progression, we uncovered the transcription factor Krueppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) as a regulator of early insulin signaling. We experimentally confirmed that KLF4 controls the expression of two key insulin signaling molecules, the Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 (IRS2) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Muthiah
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Morgan S. Angulo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Natalie N. Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Susanna R. Keller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jae K. Lee
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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163
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Fuller S, Yu Y, Mendoza T, Ribnicky DM, Cefalu WT, Floyd ZE. Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 30208938 PMCID: PMC6134698 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising, mainly driven by accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. The degree to which sex-related differences could influence the development of insulin resistance remains unclear, and studies of potential therapeutic strategies to combat metabolic syndrome using rodent models have focused predominantly on males. We therefore evaluated the effects of two nutritional supplements derived from botanical sources, an extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (commonly known as bitter melon), on female mice challenged with a high-fat diet in order to determine if dietary intake of these supplements could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. METHODS Body composition, physical activity and energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, and gene and protein expression of factors controlling lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation were evaluated in female mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either PMI5011 or bitter melon. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed t test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS PMI5011 supplementation resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not induce changes in these parameters. Pyruvate tolerance testing indicated that both supplements increased hepatic glucose production. Both supplements induced a significant suppression in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle homogenates treated with pyruvate, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, while bitter melon induced a downward trend in lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. This was accompanied by transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes by bitter melon in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study indicates that dietary supplementation with PMI5011 and bitter melon evokes a divergent, and generally less favorable, set of metabolic responses in female mice compared to effects previously observed in males. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in responses to dietary supplementation aimed at combating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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164
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Canter RJ, Le CT, Beerthuijzen JM, Murphy WJ. Obesity as an immune-modifying factor in cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:487-497. [PMID: 29762866 PMCID: PMC6113103 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri1017-401rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved breakthrough status in many advanced stage malignancies and is rapidly becoming the fourth arm of cancer treatment. Although cancer immunotherapy has generated significant excitement because of the potential for complete and sometimes durable responses, there is also the potential for severe and occasionally life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome and severe autoimmunity. A large body of work also points to a "metainflammatory" state in obesity associated with impairment of immune responses. Because immune checkpoint blockade (and other cancer immunotherapies) have altered the landscape of immunotherapy in cancer, it is important to understand how immune responses are shaped by obesity and how obesity may modify both immunotherapy responses and potential toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Canter
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Catherine T Le
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Johanna M.T. Beerthuijzen
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - William J. Murphy
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
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165
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Serrano A, Asnani-Kishnani M, Rodríguez AM, Palou A, Ribot J, Bonet ML. Programming of the Beige Phenotype in White Adipose Tissue of Adult Mice by Mild Resveratrol and Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementations in Early Postnatal Life. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800463. [PMID: 30095217 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Resveratrol (RSV) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are food compounds with anti-obesity actions in adult rodents. Here, the long-term effects of RSV and NR mild supplementation throughout lactation on adiposity-related parameters and the appearance of the beige phenotype in white adipose tissue (WAT) in adulthood are assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS Newborn mice received orally RSV or NR from day 2 to 20 of life. Control littermates received the vehicle. All animals are weaned onto a chow diet on day 21. On day 90, half the animals of each group are assigned to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, while the other remained on a normal-fat diet. Energy-balance-related parameters, blood parameters, and gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis of WAT are assessed. Treated male mice show an improved response to the HFD, such as delayed body weight gain, a blunted increase in the plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio, and a decreased lipolytic response, together with signs of white-to-brown fat remodeling in inguinal WAT. These effects are absent in female mice. CONCLUSION RSV and NR supplementations in early postnatal life affect WAT's thermogenic/oxidative transcriptional phenotype and metabolic responses in adulthood, with upregulatory and beneficial effects evidenced in male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Serrano
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Madhu Asnani-Kishnani
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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166
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Reduced learning and memory performances in high-fat treated hamsters related to brain neurotensin receptor1 expression variations. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:227-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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167
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Sharma G, Prossnitz ER. G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and Sex-Specific Metabolic Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1043:427-453. [PMID: 29224106 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome display disparate prevalence and regulation between males and females. Human, as well as rodent, females with regular menstrual/estrous cycles exhibit protection from weight gain and associated chronic diseases. These beneficial effects are predominantly attributed to the female hormone estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 exerts its actions via multiple receptors, nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ, and the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, previously termed GPR30). The roles of GPER in metabolic homeostasis are beginning to emerge but are complex and remain unclear. The discovery of GPER-selective pharmacological agents (agonists and antagonists) and the availability of GPER knockout mice have significantly enhanced our understanding of the functions of GPER in normal physiology and disease. GPER action manifests pleiotropic effects in metabolically active tissues such as the pancreas, adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle. Cellular and animal studies have established that GPER is involved in the regulation of body weight, feeding behavior, inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. GPER deficiency leads to increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. In contrast, pharmacologic stimulation of GPER in vivo limits weight gain and improves metabolic output, revealing a promising novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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168
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Lee J, Lee Y, LaVoy EC, Umetani M, Hong J, Park Y. Physical activity protects NLRP3 inflammasome-associated coronary vascular dysfunction in obese mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13738. [PMID: 29932503 PMCID: PMC6014451 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β and thereby plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory response in vascular pathology. An active lifestyle has beneficial effects on inflammation-associated vascular dysfunction in obesity. However, it remains unclear how physical activity regulates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated vascular dysfunction in obesity. Therefore, we explored the protective effect of physical activity on NLRP3 inflammasome-associated vascular dysfunction in mouse hearts, and the potential underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control low-fat diet (LF-SED), (2) LF diet with free access to a voluntary running wheel (LF-RUN), (3) high-fat diet (HF-SED; 45% of calories from fat), and (4) HF-RUN. We examined NLRP3 inflammasome-related signaling pathways, nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and oxidative stress in coronary arterioles to test effects of HFD and physical activity. Voluntary running reduced NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream effects, caspase-1 and IL-1β in coronary arteriole endothelium of obese mice in immunofluorescence staining. HF-RUN attenuated HFD-dependent endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) reduction and thus increased NO production compared to HF-SED. HFD elevated intracellular superoxide production in coronary arterioles while voluntary running ameliorated oxidative stress. Our findings provide the first evidence that voluntary running attenuates endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in coronary arterioles of HFD feeding mice. Results further suggest that voluntary running improves obesity-induced vascular dysfunction by preserved NO bioavailability via restored expression of eNOS and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghae Lee
- Laboratory of Integrated PhysiologyDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Yang Lee
- Texas A&M Health Science College of MedicineCollege StationTexas
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Laboratory of Integrated PhysiologyDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Michihisa Umetani
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Laboratory of Integrated PhysiologyDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Laboratory of Integrated PhysiologyDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
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169
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Licholai JA, Nguyen KP, Fobbs WC, Schuster CJ, Ali MA, Kravitz AV. Why Do Mice Overeat High-Fat Diets? How High-Fat Diet Alters the Regulation of Daily Caloric Intake in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1026-1033. [PMID: 29707908 PMCID: PMC5970071 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ad libitum high-fat diets (HFDs) spontaneously increase caloric intake in rodents, which correlates positively with weight gain. However, it remains unclear why rodents overeat HFDs. This paper investigated how changing the proportion of diet that came from HFDs might alter daily caloric intake in mice. METHODS Mice were given 25%, 50%, or 90% of their daily caloric need from an HFD, along with ad libitum access to a low-fat rodent chow diet. Food intake was measured daily to determine how these HFD supplements impacted total daily caloric intake. Follow-up experiments addressed the timing of HFD feeding. RESULTS HFD supplements did not alter total caloric intake or body weight. In a follow-up experiment, mice consumed approximately 50% of their daily caloric need from an HFD in 30 minutes during the light cycle, a time when mice do not normally consume food. CONCLUSIONS An HFD did not disrupt regulation of total daily caloric intake, even when up to 90% of total calories came from the HFD. However, HFDs increased daily caloric intake when provided ad libitum and were readily consumed by mice outside of their normal feeding cycle. Ad libitum HFDs appear to induce overconsumption beyond the mechanisms that regulate daily caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Licholai
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrina P Nguyen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wambura C Fobbs
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corbin J Schuster
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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170
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Diet induced obesity alters muscle spindle afferent function in adult mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196832. [PMID: 29718979 PMCID: PMC5931673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations with obesity are more likely to fall and exhibit balance instability. The reason for this is likely multifactorial, but there is some evidence that sensory function is impaired during obesity. We tested the hypothesis that muscle proprioceptor function is compromised in a mouse model of diet induced obesity. An in vitro muscle-nerve preparation was used to record muscle spindle afferent responses to physiological stretch and sinusoidal vibration. We compared the responses of C57/Bl6 male and female mice on a control diet (10% kcal fat) with those eating a high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 10 weeks (final age 14–15 weeks old). Following HFD feeding, adult mice of both sexes exhibited decreased muscle spindle afferent responses to muscle movement. Muscle spindle afferent firing rates during the plateau phase of stretch were significantly lower in both male and female HFD animals as were two measures of dynamic sensitivity (dynamic peak and dynamic index). Muscle spindle afferents in male mice on a HFD were also significantly less likely to entrain to vibration. Due to the importance of muscle spindle afferents to proprioception and motor control, decreased muscle spindle afferent responsiveness may contribute to balance instability during obesity.
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171
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Wang C, He Y, Xu P, Yang Y, Saito K, Xia Y, Yan X, Hinton A, Yan C, Ding H, Yu L, Shu G, Gupta R, Wu Q, Tong Q, Lagor WR, Flores ER, Xu Y. TAp63 contributes to sexual dimorphism in POMC neuron functions and energy homeostasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1544. [PMID: 29670083 PMCID: PMC5906443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism exists in energy balance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the female mice have more pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus than males, and female POMC neurons display higher neural activities, compared to male counterparts. Strikingly, deletion of the transcription factor, TAp63, in POMC neurons confers "male-like" diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice associated with decreased POMC neural activities; but the same deletion does not affect male mice. Our results indicate that TAp63 in female POMC neurons contributes to the enhanced POMC neuron functions and resistance to obesity in females. Thus, TAp63 in POMC neurons is one key molecular driver for the sexual dimorphism in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenji Saito
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunling Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongfang Ding
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Likai Yu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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172
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HIV-based lentivirus-mediated vasoactive intestinal peptide gene delivery protects against DIO animal model of Type 2 diabetes. Gene Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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173
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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174
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Chen K, Jih A, Osborn O, Kavaler ST, Fu W, Sasik R, Saito R, Kim JJ. Distinct gene signatures predict insulin resistance in young mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:144-157. [PMID: 29341863 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly inbred C57BL/6 mice show wide variation in their degree of insulin resistance in response to diet-induced obesity even though they are almost genetically identical. Here we employed transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver in young mice to determine how gene expression patterns correlate with the later development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in adulthood. To accomplish this goal, we partially removed and banked tissues from pubertal mice. Mice subsequently received HFD followed by metabolic phenotyping to identify two well-defined groups of mice with either severe or mild insulin resistance. The remaining tissues were collected at study termination. We then applied RNA-Seq to generate transcriptome profiles associated with worsened insulin resistance before and after the initiation of HFD. We found 244 up- and 109 downregulated genes in VAT of the most insulin-resistant mice even before HFD exposure. Downregulated genes included serine protease inhibitor, major urinary protein, and complement genes; upregulated genes represented mostly muscle constituents. These gene families were also differentially expressed in VAT of mice with high or low insulin resistance after HFD. Inflammatory genes predicted insulin resistance in liver, but not in VAT. In contrast, when we compared VAT of all mice before and after HFD, differentially expressed genes were predominantly composed of immune response genes. These data show a distinct set of gene transcripts in young mice correlates with the severity of insulin resistance in adulthood, providing insight into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Alice Jih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah T Kavaler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Rintaro Saito
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Jane J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego , San Diego, California
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175
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Zhang SB, Yang S, Zhang Z, Zhang A, Zhang M, Yin L, Casey-Sawicki K, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Okunieff P. Thoracic gamma irradiation-induced obesity in C57BL/6 female mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1334-1342. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1385871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine Casey-Sawicki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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176
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Alcala M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Ramos MP, Viana M. Short-term vitamin E treatment impairs reactive oxygen species signaling required for adipose tissue expansion, resulting in fatty liver and insulin resistance in obese mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186579. [PMID: 29028831 PMCID: PMC5640231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The use of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity remains controversial. Our aim is to demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation may promote negative effects if used before the establishment of oxidative stress due to a reduced ROS generation under physiological levels, in a mice model of obesity. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, with (OE group) or without (O group) vitamin E supplementation. Results O mice developed a mild degree of obesity, which was not enough to induce metabolic alterations or oxidative stress. These animals exhibited a healthy expansion of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rpWAT) and the liver showed no signs of lipotoxicity. Interestingly, despite achieving a similar body weight, OE mice were insulin resistant. In the rpWAT they presented a reduced generation of ROS, even below physiological levels (C: 1651.0 ± 212.0; O: 3113 ± 284.7; OE: 917.6 ±104.4 RFU/mg protein. C vs OE p< 0.01). ROS decay may impair their action as second messengers, which could account for the reduced adipocyte differentiation, lipid transport and adipogenesis compared to the O group. Together, these processes limited the expansion of this fat pad and as a consequence, lipid flux shifted towards the liver, causing steatosis and hepatomegaly, which may contribute to the marked insulin resistance. Conclusions This study provides in vivo evidence for the role of ROS as second messengers in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and insulin signaling. Reducing ROS generation below physiological levels when the oxidative process has not yet been established may be the cause of the controversial results obtained by antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alcala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria P. Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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177
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Dong S, Qi M, Wang Y, Chen L, Weaver JC, Krilis SA, Giannakopoulos B. β2GPI exerts an anti-obesity effect in female mice by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92652-92666. [PMID: 29190946 PMCID: PMC5696212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, males compared to females have increased visceral adipose tissue which contributes to their increased risk of early death. Mice display analogous sexual diamorphism whereby females are protected from weight gain when fed a high fat diet compared to males. A role has recently been reported for β2-glycoprotein I, an abundant plasma protein, in healthy leanness in humans. In this study we investigated the role of β2-glycoprotein I in fat metabolism in male and female mice fed a normal chow or high fat diet. We have made a number of novel insights into factors contributing to sexual diamorphism in obesity. Female wild type mice are protected from obesity when fed a high fat diet due to down regulation of lipogenesis in the visceral adipose tissues. This down regulation is due to β2-glycoprotein I as female mice deficient in this protein have increased levels of lipogenesis enzymes in their visceral adipose tissues with an accompanying increase in weight compared to female wild type controls. Understanding female specific regulators of obesity may lead to sex specific anti-obesity therapies to address this major health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - James Crofton Weaver
- Department of Cardiology, St George Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven Antony Krilis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bill Giannakopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Sexual Health and Department of Medicine, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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178
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Guillen Sacoto MJ, Martinez AF, Abe Y, Kruszka P, Weiss K, Everson JL, Bataller R, Kleiner DE, Ward JM, Sulik KK, Lipinski RJ, Solomon BD, Muenke M. Human germline hedgehog pathway mutations predispose to fatty liver. J Hepatol 2017; 67. [PMID: 28645738 PMCID: PMC5613974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease. Activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in the progression of NAFLD and proposed as a therapeutic target; however, the effects of Hh signaling inhibition have not been studied in humans with germline mutations that affect this pathway. METHODS Patients with holoprosencephaly (HPE), a disorder associated with germline mutations disrupting Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, were clinically evaluated for NAFLD. A combined mouse model of Hh signaling attenuation (Gli2 heterozygous null: Gli2+/-) and diet-induced NAFLD was used to examine aspects of NAFLD and hepatic gene expression profiles, including molecular markers of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. RESULTS Patients with HPE had a higher prevalence of liver steatosis compared to the general population, independent of obesity. Exposure of Gli2+/- mice to fatty liver-inducing diets resulted in increased liver steatosis compared to wild-type mice. Similar to humans, this effect was independent of obesity in the mutant mice and was associated with decreased expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes, and increased expression of PPARγ, a potent anti-fibrogenic and anti-inflammatory regulator. Interestingly, tumor suppressors p53 and p16INK4 were found to be downregulated in the Gli2+/- mice exposed to a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that germline mutations disrupting Hh signaling promotes liver steatosis, independent of obesity, with reduced fibrosis. While Hh signaling inhibition has been associated with a better NAFLD prognosis, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term effects of mutations affecting this pathway. Lay summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess fat deposition in the liver predominantly due to high calorie intake and a sedentary lifestyle. NAFLD progression is usually accompanied by activation of the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway leading to fibrous buildup (scar tissue) and inflammation of the liver tissue. For the first time patients with holoprosencephaly, a disease caused by SHH signaling mutations, are shown to have increased liver steatosis independent of obesity. This observation was recapitulated in a mouse model of attenuated SHH signaling that also showed increased liver steatosis but with decreased fibrosis and inflammation. While SHH inhibition is associated with a good NAFLD prognosis, this increase in liver fat accumulation in the context of SHH signaling inhibition must be studied prospectively to evaluate its long-term effects, especially in individuals with Western-type dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel F. Martinez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yu Abe
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul Kruszka
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karin Weiss
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua L. Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Kathleen K. Sulik
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Benjamin D. Solomon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, VA; Department of Pediatrics, Inova Children’s Hospital and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, VA,GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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179
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Gu L, Zhang J, Zheng M, Dong G, Xu J, Zhang W, Wu Y, Yang Y, Zhu H. A potential high risk for fatty liver disease was found in mice generated after assisted reproductive techniques. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1899-1910. [PMID: 28815718 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal gametogenesis and embryonic development may lead to poor health status of the offspring. The operations involved in the assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) occur during the key stage of gametogenesis and early embryonic development. To assess the potential risk of abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver of adult ARTs offspring, two ARTs mice models derived from preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD group) and in vitro cultured embryos without biopsy (IVEM group) were constructed. And control mice were from in vivo naturally conceived (Normal group). The results showed that ARTs offspring had increased body weight and body fat content comparing to normal group. An increasing volume and amount of lipid droplets as well as lipid droplet fusion were found in the hepatocytes of ARTs mice, and a significantly increased liver TG content was also shown in the ARTs mice, which due to the increased TG synthesis and decreased TG transport in the liver. All the results indicated that the manipulations involved in ARTs might play an important role in the lipid accumulation of adult offspring. By analyzing the DNA methylation profiles of 7.5dpc embryos, we proposed that methylation deregulation of the genes related to liver development in ARTs embryos might contribute to the abnormal phenotype in the offspring. The study demonstrated that ARTs procedures have adverse effect on liver development which resulted in abnormal lipid metabolism and induced the potential high risk of fatty liver in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meimei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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180
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Calarco CA, Lee S, Picciotto MR. Access to nicotine in drinking water reduces weight gain without changing caloric intake on high fat diet in male C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:210-220. [PMID: 28623168 PMCID: PMC5544033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and tobacco use is associated with lower body weight, and many smokers report concerns about weight. In animal studies, nicotine reduces weight gain, reduces food consumption, and alters energy expenditure, but these effects vary with duration and route of nicotine administration. Previous studies have used standardized nicotine doses, however, in this study, male and female mice had free access to nicotine drinking water for 30 days while fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or chow, allowing animals to titrate their nicotine intake. In male mice, HFD increased body weight and caloric intake. Nicotine attenuated this effect and decreased weight gain per calorie consumed without affecting overall caloric intake or acute locomotion, suggesting metabolic changes. Nicotine did not decrease weight in chow-fed animals. In contrast, the same paradigm did not result in significant differences in weight gain in female animals, but did alter corticosterone levels and locomotion, indicating sex differences in the response to HFD and nicotine. We measured levels of mRNAs encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, uncoupling proteins (UCP) 1-3, and neuropeptides involved in energy balance in adipose tissues and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). HFD and nicotine regulated UCP levels in adipose tissues and ARC from female, but not male, mice. Regulation of agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide-Y, melanin-concentrating hormone, and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in ARC varied with diet and nicotine in a sex-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that chronic consumption of nicotine moderates the effect of HFD in male mice by changing metabolism rather than food intake, and identify a differential effect on female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, United States
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, United States
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, United States.
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181
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Novel large-particle FACS purification of adult ventricular myocytes reveals accumulation of myosin and actin disproportionate to cell size and proteome in normal post-weaning development. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 111:114-122. [PMID: 28780067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantifying cellular proteins in ventricular myocytes (MCs) is challenging due to tissue heterogeneity and the variety of cell sizes in the heart. In post-weaning cardiac ontogeny, rod-shaped MCs make up the majority of the cardiac mass while remaining a minority of cardiac cells in number. Current biochemical analyses of cardiac proteins do not correlate well the content of MC-specific proteins to cell type or size in normally developing tissue. OBJECTIVE To develop a new large-particle fluorescent-activated cell sorting (LP-FACS) strategy for the purification of adult rod-shaped MCs. This approach is developed to enable growth-scaled measurements per-cell of the MC proteome and sarcomeric proteins (i.e. myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and alpha-actin (α-actin)) content. METHODS AND RESULTS Individual cardiac cells were isolated from 21 to 94days old mice. An LP-FACS jet-in-air system with a 200-μm nozzle was defined for the first time to purify adult MCs. Cell-type specific immunophenotyping and sorting yielded ≥95% purity of adult MCs independently of cell morphology and size. This approach excluded other cell types and tissue contaminants from further analysis. MC proteome, MyHC and α-actin proteins were measured in linear biochemical assays normalized to cell numbers. Using the allometric coefficient α, we scaled the MC-specific rate of protein accumulation to growth post-weaning. MC-specific volumes (α=1.02) and global protein accumulation (α=0.94) were proportional (i.e. isometric) to body mass. In contrast, MyHC and α-actin accumulated at a much greater rate (i.e. hyperallometric) than body mass (α=1.79 and 2.19 respectively) and MC volumes (α=1.76 and 1.45 respectively). CONCLUSION Changes in MC proteome and cell volumes measured in LP-FACS purified MCs are proportional to body mass post-weaning. Oppositely, MyHC and α-actin are concentrated more rapidly than what would be expected from MC proteome accumulation, cell enlargement, or animal growth alone. LP-FACS provides a new standard for adult MC purification and an approach to scale the biochemical content of specific proteins or group of proteins per cell in enlarging MCs.
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182
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Almeida-Suhett CP, Scott JM, Graham A, Chen Y, Deuster PA. Control diet in a high-fat diet study in mice: Regular chow and purified low-fat diet have similar effects on phenotypic, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:19-28. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1349359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Almeida-Suhett
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Scott
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alice Graham
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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183
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Comparative analysis of basal locomotor activity-related metabolic phenotypes between C57BL/6 mice and ICR mice substrains derived from three different sources. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:140-149. [PMID: 28747980 PMCID: PMC5527140 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal model, as an indispensable tool for scientific purposes of biomedical researches and clinical application, is a commonly used in various researches. Regarding to this, it is necessary to establish the metabolic phenotype of animal model to minimize spurious interpretations and ensure a level of accuracy and reliability adequate for experimental research. However, the metabolic phenotype-related analysis within rodent strains derived from different source is nonexistent, especially in C57BL/6Korl mice and Korl:ICR mice (a domestic mouse strain). To compare the physiological and metabolic phenotypes over a period of time, we utilized the C57BL/6 mice (C57BL/6Korl, A:C57BL/6, and B:C57BL/6) and ICR mice (Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR) derived from three different sources. Our data showed that average body weight, body temperature, food intake, and water consumption have a similar tendency among the C57BL/6 and ICR groups, except for the higher body weight of C57BL/6Korl mice over a period of time. Moreover, some significant differences was observed in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size among the groups, with a higher tendency of C57BL/6Korl mice and Korl:ICR mice. Most importantly, resting metabolic rate (RMR) serves as an approximation of the metabolic phenotype showed no significant difference among the groups of C57BL/6 mice and ICR mice, except for the lower oxygen uptake of C57BL/6Korl mice compare to the A:C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our data suggest that C57BL/6 mice and ICR mice derived from three different sources have an overall similar feature of physiological and metabolic phenotypes.
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Anunciado-Koza RP, Manuel J, Mynatt RL, Zhang J, Kozak LP, Koza RA. Diet-induced adipose tissue expansion is mitigated in mice with a targeted inactivation of mesoderm specific transcript (Mest). PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640866 PMCID: PMC5481029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variation of white adipose tissue (WAT) expression of mesoderm specific transcript (Mest), a paternally-expressed imprinted gene belonging to the α/β-hydrolase fold protein family, becomes apparent among genetically inbred mice fed high fat diet (HFD) and is positively associated with adipose tissue expansion (ATE). To elucidate a role for MEST in ATE, mice were developed with global and adipose tissue inactivation of Mest. Mice with homozygous (MestgKO) and paternal allelic (MestpKO) inactivation of Mest were born at expected Mendelian frequencies, showed no behavioral or physical abnormalities, and did not perturb expression of the Mest locus-derived microRNA miR-335. MestpKO mice fed HFD showed reduced ATE and adipocyte hypertrophy, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced WAT expression of genes associated with hypoxia and inflammation compared to littermate controls. Remarkably, caloric intake and energy expenditure were unchanged between genotypes. Mice with adipose tissue inactivation of Mest were phenotypically similar to MestpKO, supporting a role for WAT MEST in ATE. Global profiling of WAT gene expression of HFD-fed control and MestpKO mice detected few differences between genotypes; nevertheless, genes with reduced expression in MestpKO mice were associated with immune processes and consistent with improved glucose homeostasis. Ear-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EMSC) from MestgKO mice showed no differences in adipogenic differentiation compared to control cells unless challenged by shRNA knockdown of Gpat4, an enzyme that mediates lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Reduced adipogenic capacity of EMSC from MestgKO after Gpat4 knockdown suggests that MEST facilitates lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Our data suggests that reduced diet-induced ATE in MEST-deficient mice diminishes hypoxia and inflammation in WAT leading to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Since inactivation of Mest in mice has minimal additional effects aside from reduction of ATE, an intervention that mitigates MEST function in adipocytes is a plausible strategy to obviate obesity and type-2-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea P. Anunciado-Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Justin Manuel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Randall L. Mynatt
- Transgenics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Transgenics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Leslie P. Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert A. Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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185
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Ramdhave AS, Ojha S, Nandave M. Energy intake correlates with the levels of fatty acid synthase and insulin-like growth factor-1 in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:830-844. [PMID: 28386316 PMCID: PMC5375981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that, dysregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could play a vital role in pathology of various diseases. Our aim was to determine the changes in FASN and IGF-1 levels concomitant to long term feeding of HFD in either sex. Male and female mice were fed either HFD or LFD for a period of 16 weeks. During this period, physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters were evaluated. Mice fed with HFD showed a significant gain in body weight, body mass index, energy intake, and abdominal circumference. These changes were accompanied by compromised glucose and insulin tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, elevated plasma IL-6, and TNF-α concentration. Histologically, hepatocytes showed an elevated fat accumulation, appended by an increase in plasma activities of liver enzymes. Pancreas showed upsurge in number of β-cells with subsequent increase in size of islet implying its compromised state. While the kidney showed mild tubulointerstitial fibrosis indicating initiation of kidney impairment. These metabolic perturbations were related to the energy intake which was higher in males as compared to females. This led to a proportional rise in plasma as well as liver FASN and IGF-1 in HFD fed mice. Within both sexes, mice fed with HFD developed features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance but the magnitude of these abnormalities was found to be less in female mice. This variation in magnitude could be attributed to the difference in energy intake and ultimately its effect on FASN and IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Ramdhave
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMSMumbai, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, UAE
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMSMumbai, India
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186
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Monomeric GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triagonism corrects obesity, hepatosteatosis, and dyslipidemia in female mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:440-446. [PMID: 28462078 PMCID: PMC5404097 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a major health threat that affects men and women equally. Despite this fact, weight-loss potential of pharmacotherapies is typically first evaluated in male mouse models of diet-induced obesity (DIO). To address this disparity we herein determined whether a monomeric peptide with agonism at the receptors for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon is equally efficient in correcting DIO, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism in DIO female mice as it has been previously established for DIO male mice. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice and a cohort of fatmass-matched C57BL/6J male mice were treated for 27 days via subcutaneous injections with either the GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triagonist or PBS. A second cohort of C57BL/6J male mice was included to match the females in the duration of the high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD) exposure. Results Our results show that GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple agonism inhibits food intake and decreases body weight and body fat mass with comparable potency in male and female mice that have been matched for body fat mass. Treatment improved dyslipidemia in both sexes and reversed diet-induced steatohepatitis to a larger extent in female mice compared to male mice. Conclusions We herein show that a recently developed unimolecular peptide triagonist is equally efficient in both sexes, suggesting that this polypharmaceutical strategy might be a relevant alternative to bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Unimolecular GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triagonist normalizes body weight in obese female mice. Triagonist treatment ameliorates steatohepatitis more potently in female mice. GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triagonist potentially as effective as bariatric surgery for men and women.
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187
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Dorfman MD, Krull JE, Douglass JD, Fasnacht R, Lara-Lince F, Meek TH, Shi X, Damian V, Nguyen HT, Matsen ME, Morton GJ, Thaler JP. Sex differences in microglial CX3CR1 signalling determine obesity susceptibility in mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14556. [PMID: 28223698 PMCID: PMC5322503 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Female mice are less susceptible to the negative metabolic consequences of high-fat diet feeding than male mice, for reasons that are incompletely understood. Here we identify sex-specific differences in hypothalamic microglial activation via the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway that mediate the resistance of female mice to diet-induced obesity. Female mice fed a high-fat diet maintain CX3CL1-CX3CR1 levels while male mice show reductions in both ligand and receptor expression. Female Cx3cr1 knockout mice develop 'male-like' hypothalamic microglial accumulation and activation, accompanied by a marked increase in their susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Conversely, increasing brain CX3CL1 levels in male mice through central pharmacological administration or virally mediated hypothalamic overexpression converts them to a 'female-like' metabolic phenotype with reduced microglial activation and body-weight gain. These data implicate sex differences in microglial activation in the modulation of energy homeostasis and identify CX3CR1 signalling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio D. Dorfman
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jordan E. Krull
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - John D. Douglass
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Rachael Fasnacht
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Fernando Lara-Lince
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Thomas H. Meek
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Xiaogang Shi
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Vincent Damian
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hong T. Nguyen
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Miles E. Matsen
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Gregory J. Morton
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Joshua P. Thaler
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Jia J, Li F, Zhai S, Zhou H, Liu S, Jiang G, Yan B. Susceptibility of Overweight Mice to Liver Injury as a Result of the ZnO Nanoparticle-Enhanced Liver Deposition of Pb 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1775-1784. [PMID: 28068759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of the applications of nanomaterials in consumer products and water treatment facilities increases the chance that humans will be exposed to both nanoparticles and environmental pollutants such as heavy metals. Co-exposure to nanoparticles and heavy metals may adversely affect human health, especially in susceptible populations such as overweight subjects. To evaluate the impact of such co-exposures, we orally administered zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs; 14 or 58 nm) and/or Pb(Ac)2 at tolerable doses to both healthy overweight and healthy normal weight mice. The ZNPs enhanced the deposition of Pb in all major organs in the overweight mice compared with that in the normal mice. As a result, higher levels of hepatic reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and liver injury were observed in the overweight mice but not in the normal weight mice. Our findings underscore a potentially enhanced risk of nanoparticle/heavy metal co-exposure in the susceptible overweight population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shumei Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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189
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Boi SK, Buchta CM, Pearson NA, Francis MB, Meyerholz DK, Grobe JL, Norian LA. Obesity alters immune and metabolic profiles: New insight from obese-resistant mice on high-fat diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2140-9. [PMID: 27515998 PMCID: PMC5039085 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet-induced obesity has been shown to alter immune function in mice, but distinguishing the effects of obesity from changes in diet composition is complicated. It was hypothesized that immunological differences would exist between diet-induced obese (DIO) and obese-resistant (OB-Res) mice fed the same high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS BALB/c mice were fed either standard chow or HFD to generate lean or DIO and OB-Res mice, respectively. Resulting mice were analyzed for serum immunologic and metabolic profiles and cellular immune parameters. RESULTS BALB/c mice on HFD were categorized as DIO or OB-Res, based on body weight versus lean controls. DIO mice were physiologically distinct from OB-Res mice, whose serum insulin, leptin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and eotaxin concentrations remained similar to lean controls. DIO mice had increased macrophage(+) crown-like structures in white adipose tissue, although macrophage percentages were unchanged from OB-Res and lean mice. DIO mice also had decreased splenic CD4(+) T cells, elevated serum GM-CSF, and increased splenic CD11c(+) dendritic cells, but impaired dendritic cell stimulatory capacity (P < 0.05 vs. lean controls). These parameters were unaltered in OB-Res mice versus lean controls. CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced obesity results in alterations in immune and metabolic profiles that are distinct from effects caused by HFD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Boi
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Claire M Buchta
- Department of Urology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Meghan B Francis
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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190
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Kim GW, Lin JE, Snook AE, Aing AS, Merlino DJ, Li P, Waldman SA. Calorie-induced ER stress suppresses uroguanylin satiety signaling in diet-induced obesity. Nutr Diabetes 2016; 6:e211. [PMID: 27214655 PMCID: PMC4895379 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The uroguanylin-GUCY2C gut-brain axis has emerged as one component regulating feeding, energy homeostasis, body mass and metabolism. Here, we explore a role for this axis in mechanisms underlying diet-induced obesity (DIO). SUBJECTS/METHODS Intestinal uroguanylin expression and secretion, and hypothalamic GUCY2C expression and anorexigenic signaling, were quantified in mice on high-calorie diets for 14 weeks. The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in suppressing uroguanylin in DIO was explored using tunicamycin, an inducer of ER stress, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a chemical chaperone that inhibits ER stress. The impact of consumed calories on uroguanylin expression was explored by dietary manipulation. The role of uroguanylin in mechanisms underlying obesity was examined using Camk2a-Cre-ER(T2)-Rosa-STOP(loxP/loxP)-Guca2b mice in which tamoxifen induces transgenic hormone expression in brain. RESULTS DIO suppressed intestinal uroguanylin expression and eliminated its postprandial secretion into the circulation. DIO suppressed uroguanylin through ER stress, an effect mimicked by tunicamycin and blocked by TUDCA. Hormone suppression by DIO reflected consumed calories, rather than the pathophysiological milieu of obesity, as a diet high in calories from carbohydrates suppressed uroguanylin in lean mice, whereas calorie restriction restored uroguanylin in obese mice. However, hypothalamic GUCY2C, enriched in the arcuate nucleus, produced anorexigenic signals mediating satiety upon exogenous agonist administration, and DIO did not impair these responses. Uroguanylin replacement by transgenic expression in brain repaired the hormone insufficiency and reconstituted satiety responses opposing DIO and its associated comorbidities, including visceral adiposity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal a novel pathophysiological mechanism contributing to obesity in which calorie-induced suppression of intestinal uroguanylin impairs hypothalamic mechanisms regulating food consumption through loss of anorexigenic endocrine signaling. The correlative therapeutic paradigm suggests that, in the context of hormone insufficiency with preservation of receptor sensitivity, obesity may be prevented or treated by GUCY2C hormone replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J E Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A S Aing
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D J Merlino
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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191
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García-Ruiz I, Solís-Muñoz P, Fernández-Moreira D, Grau M, Muñoz-Yagüe T, Solís-Herruzo JA. NADPH oxidase is implicated in the pathogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23664. [PMID: 27173483 PMCID: PMC4866080 DOI: 10.1038/srep23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of NADPH oxidase (NADPHox) in the pathogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction as found in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6J mice were distributed in four groups: WT/SCD: six wild-type (WT) mice fed a standard chow diet (SCD); WT/HFD, six WT mice fed a HFD; NOX2(-/-)/SCD, six NADPHox-deficient mice on a SCD; (4) NOX2(-/-)/HFD, six NADPHox-deficient mice on a HFD. After 32 weeks, we studied the liver for: histology; OXPHOS complex activity; fully assembled OXPHOS complexes and their subunits; gene expression of OXPHOS subunits; oxidative and nitrosative stress; and oxidative DNA damage. In the liver of WT/HFD mice, we found a significant decreased in the activity of all OXPHOS complexes, in fully assembled complexes, in the amount of OXPHOS subunits, and in gene expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was only increased in mitochondrial DNA. The liver of NOX(-/-)/HFD mice showed mild steatosis but no non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) lesions were found. OXPHOS activity, OXPHOS subunits, and assembly of subunits into OXPHOS complexes were normal in these mice. We conclude that this study shows that NADPH deficiency protects mice from developing OXPHOS dysfunction and NASH caused by a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada García-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación, Laboratorio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, 28041-Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Solís-Muñoz
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, SE5 9RS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Fernández-Moreira
- Servicio de Bromatología e Higiene Alimentaria, Centro Militar de Veterinaria del Ministerio de Defensa, 28024-Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Grau
- Centro de Investigación, Laboratorio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, 28041-Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Muñoz-Yagüe
- Centro de Investigación, Laboratorio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, 28041-Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Solís-Herruzo
- Centro de Investigación, Laboratorio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, 28041-Madrid, Spain
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Dietary composition affects the development of cognitive deficits in WT and Tg AD model mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:39-49. [PMID: 27167583 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, including nutrition, may influence the chances of developing of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and also likely affect the aging process. Whereas it is clear that high-fat diets are increasing both body weight and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, to date, there have been very few studies comparing diets high with different sources of calories (i.e., high fat versus high protein versus high carbohydrates) to determine whether dietary composition has importance beyond the known effect of high caloric intake to increase body weight, AD pathology and cognitive deficits. In the current study we examined the effects that different diets high in carbohydrate, protein or fat content, but similar in caloric value, have on the development of cognitive impairment and brain pathology in wild-type and Tg AD model mice. The results demonstrate that long term feeding with balanced diets similar in caloric content but with significant changes in the source of calories, all negatively influence cognition compared to the control diet, and that this effect is more pronounced in Tg animals with AD pathology.
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193
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Chusyd DE, Wang D, Huffman DM, Nagy TR. Relationships between Rodent White Adipose Fat Pads and Human White Adipose Fat Depots. Front Nutr 2016; 3:10. [PMID: 27148535 PMCID: PMC4835715 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to compare and contrast the physiological and metabolic profiles of rodent white adipose fat pads with white adipose fat depots in humans. Human fat distribution and its metabolic consequences have received extensive attention, but much of what has been tested in translational research has relied heavily on rodents. Unfortunately, the validity of using rodent fat pads as a model of human adiposity has received less attention. There is a surprisingly lack of studies demonstrating an analogous relationship between rodent and human adiposity on obesity-related comorbidities. Therefore, we aimed to compare known similarities and disparities in terms of white adipose tissue (WAT) development and distribution, sexual dimorphism, weight loss, adipokine secretion, and aging. While the literature supports the notion that many similarities exist between rodents and humans, notable differences emerge related to fat deposition and function of WAT. Thus, further research is warranted to more carefully define the strengths and limitations of rodent WAT as a model for humans, with a particular emphasis on comparable fat depots, such as mesenteric fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella E Chusyd
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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194
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Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Assunção MCF, Valle NC, Horta BL, Gonçalves HD, Gigante DP, Martines JC, Pelto G, Victora CG. Promotion of Weight Gain in Early Childhood Does Not Increase Metabolic Risk in Adolescents: A 15-Year Follow-Up of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2015; 145:2749-55. [PMID: 26491122 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid gain in weight for length may put children at a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases later in life. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of nutrition counseling delivered in the first 2 y of life in Pelotas, a city in Southern Brazil. METHODS The original cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1998. Nutrition counseling (breastfeeding promotion and increased intake of micronutrient-rich and energy-dense foods) was delivered to mothers of children aged 0-17.9 mo attending primary care. Six months later, weight gain was higher in the intervention group than in the control group for children ≥12 mo of age at enrollment. In 2013 (mean age 15 y), assessments included anthropometric measurements, body composition (air-displacement plethysmography), body shape (3-dimensional photonic scan), and plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and glucose. RESULTS A total of 363 of the 424 original participants were assessed. An a priori decision was made to prioritize analyses of subjects aged 12-17.9 mo at enrollment (51 from the intervention group and 45 from the control group). In this subgroup, boys in the intervention group were [mean (95% CI)] 3.4 (0.8, 6.0) cm taller than those in the control group. Systolic blood pressure tended to be 5.2 (-0.8, 11.1) mm Hg higher in male subjects from the intervention group than in those in the control group. Lipid profiles tended to be healthier in the intervention group. The plasma total cholesterol concentration was -17.8 (-29.8, -5.7) mg/dL lower in boys in the intervention group than in those in the control group. The total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and triglyceride concentration in the girls in the intervention group were -0.4 (-0.6, -0.1) and -26.3 (-46.3, -6.3) mg/dL, respectively, lower than in the control group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of body composition. CONCLUSIONS Promotion of weight gain in children between 12.0-17.9 mo of age was not associated with higher metabolic risk 15 y later. On the contrary, there was some evidence of reduced metabolic risk in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil;
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília F Assunção
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Neiva Cj Valle
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen D Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Denise P Gigante
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - José C Martines
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Gretel Pelto
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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195
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Gac L, Kanaly V, Ramirez V, Teske J, Pinto M, Perez-Leighton C. Behavioral characterization of a model of differential susceptibility to obesity induced by standard and personalized cafeteria diet feeding. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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196
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Abstract
Associated with the obesity epidemic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading liver disease in North America. Approximately 30 % of patients with NAFLD may develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Frequently animal models are used to help identify underlying factors contributing to NAFLD including insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid metabolism and mitochondrial stress. However, studying the inflammatory, progressive nature of NASH in the context of obesity has proven to be a challenge in mice. Although the development of effective treatment strategies for NAFLD and NASH is gaining momentum, the field is hindered by a lack of a concise animal model that reflects the development of liver disease during obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, selecting an animal model to study NAFLD or NASH must be done carefully to ensure the optimal application. The most widely used animal models have been reviewed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages to studying NAFLD and NASH specifically in the context of obesity.
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197
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Monarca RI, da Luz Mathias M, Wang D, Speakman JR. Predation risk modulates diet-induced obesity in male C57BL/6 mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2059-65. [PMID: 26331723 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the behavioral and physiological changes induced by experimentally varying the risk of predation in male mice fed a high-fat diet were examined. In particular, the study aimed to assess whether the risk of being predated modulates the body weight gain, providing an ecological context for the obesity resistance observed in many species of small mammals. METHODS Body weight, food intake, physical activity, and core body temperature of 35 male C57BL/6 mice were monitored for 20 days, while feeding a high-fat diet. A third of the animals were exposed to elevated risk of predation through exposure to the sounds of nocturnal predatory birds, and these were compared to animals exposed to a neutral noise or silence. RESULTS Male mice exposed to predation risk had significantly lower weight gain than the neutral or silent groups. Reduced food intake and increased physical activity were the main proximal factors explaining this effect. The risk of predation also induced changes in boldness. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence supporting the role of predation risk on body weight gain of small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita I Monarca
- CESAM-Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM-Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - DeHua Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
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198
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Li J, Zhao WG, Shen ZF, Yuan T, Liu SN, Liu Q, Fu Y, Sun W. Comparative proteome analysis of brown adipose tissue in obese C57BL/6J mice using iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119350. [PMID: 25747866 PMCID: PMC4352050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) leads to the development of obesity accompanied by insulin resistance, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in energy metabolism, thus it will give us promising treatment targets through elucidating underlying mechanisms of BAT in obesity. In this study, female C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD or normal diet (ND) for 22 weeks. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity, which was independently correlated with obesity. Using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with 2D LC-MS/MS, we quantitated 3048 proteins in BAT. As compared HFD with ND, we obtained 727 differentially expressed proteins. Functional analysis found that those proteins were mainly assigned to the pathway of mitochondrial function. In this pathway, carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIF1) were up-regulated significantly by HFD, and they were confirmed by western blotting. The results indicated that HFD might induce the apoptosis of brown adipocytes via the up-regulated AIF1. Meanwhile, HFD also stimulated fatty acid β-oxidation and raised compensatory energy consuming through the increases of CPT2 and UCP1, respectively. However, the apoptosis of brown adipocytes might weaken the compensatory energy expenditure, and finally contribute to overweight/obesity. So, preventing the apoptosis of brown adipocytes may be the key target to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Gang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WGZ); (WS)
| | - Zhu-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai-Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WGZ); (WS)
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