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Liyanage S, Acharya S, Parajuli P, Shamshina JL, Abidi N. Production and Surface Modification of Cellulose Bioproducts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3433. [PMID: 34641248 PMCID: PMC8512298 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-based synthetic plastics play an important role in our life. As the detrimental health and environmental effects of synthetic plastics continue to increase, the renewable, degradable and recyclable properties of cellulose make subsequent products the "preferred environmentally friendly" alternatives, with a small carbon footprint. Despite the fact that the bioplastic industry is growing rapidly with many innovative discoveries, cellulose-based bioproducts in their natural state face challenges in replacing synthetic plastics. These challenges include scalability issues, high cost of production, and most importantly, limited functionality of cellulosic materials. However, in order for cellulosic materials to be able to compete with synthetic plastics, they must possess properties adequate for the end use and meet performance expectations. In this regard, surface modification of pre-made cellulosic materials preserves the chemical profile of cellulose, its mechanical properties, and biodegradability, while diversifying its possible applications. The review covers numerous techniques for surface functionalization of materials prepared from cellulose such as plasma treatment, surface grafting (including RDRP methods), and chemical vapor and atomic layer deposition techniques. The review also highlights purposeful development of new cellulosic architectures and their utilization, with a specific focus on cellulosic hydrogels, aerogels, beads, membranes, and nanomaterials. The judicious choice of material architecture combined with a specific surface functionalization method will allow us to take full advantage of the polymer's biocompatibility and biodegradability and improve existing and target novel applications of cellulose, such as proteins and antibodies immobilization, enantiomers separation, and composites preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noureddine Abidi
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-5019, USA; (S.L.); (S.A.); (P.P.); (J.L.S.)
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152
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Cui F, Zhao S, Guan X, McClements DJ, Liu X, Liu F, Ngai T. Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions: Formation, stabilization and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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153
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Peng S, Luo Q, Zhou G, Xu X. Recent Advances on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3247. [PMID: 34641062 PMCID: PMC8512496 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, typically cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), has excellent properties and is widely used. In particular, CNC has a small dimension, high chemical reactivity, and high sustainability, which makes it an excellent candidate as a starting material to be converted into nanocellulose derivatives. Chemical modification is essential for obtaining the desired products; the modifications create different functional attachment levels and generate novel microstructures. Recent advances on nanocellulose derivatives have not yet been reviewed and evaluated for the last five years. Nanocellulose derivative materials are being used in a wide variety of high-quality functional applications. To meet these requirements, it is essential for researchers to fully understand CNCs and derivative materials, precisely their characteristics, synthesis methods, and chemical modification approaches. This paper discusses CNC and its derivatives concerning the structural characteristics, performance, and synthesis methods, comparing the pros and cons of these chemical modification approaches reported in recent years. This review also discusses the critical physicochemical properties of CNC derivative products, including solubility, wetting performance, and associated impacts on properties. Lastly, this paper also comments on the bottlenecks of nanocellulose derivatives in various applications and briefly discusses their future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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154
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Cidreira ACM, de Castro KC, Hatami T, Linan LZ, Mei LHI. Cellulose nanocrystals-based materials as hemostatic agents for wound dressings: a review. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:43. [PMID: 34491430 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings are devices used to stop bleeding and provide appropriate environmental conditions to accelerate wound healing. The effectiveness of wound dressing materials can be crucial to prevent deaths from excessive bleeding in surgeries and promote complete restoration of the injury. Some requirements for an ideal wound dressing are rapid hemostatic effect, high swelling capacity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. However, finding all these properties in a single material remains a challenge. In this context, nanocomposites have demonstrated an excellent capacity for this application because of their multifunctionality. One of the emerging materials used in nanocomposite manufacture is cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are rod-like crystalline nanometric structures present on cellulose chains. These nanoparticles are attractive for wound healing applications because of their high aspect ratio, high mechanical properties, functionality and low density. Hence, this work aimed to present an overview of nanocomposites constituted by CNCs for wound healing applications. The review focuses on the most common materials used as matrices, the types of dressing, and their fabrication techniques. Novel wound dressings composites have improved hemostatic, swelling, and mechanical properties compared to other pure biopolymers while preserving their other biological properties. Films, nanofibers mats, sponges, and hydrogels have been prepared with CNCs nanocomposites, and in vitro and in vivo tests have proved their suitability for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Carolyne Mendonça Cidreira
- Department of Material Engineering and Bioprocesses, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Karine Cappuccio de Castro
- Department of Material Engineering and Bioprocesses, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Tahmasb Hatami
- Department of Material Engineering and Bioprocesses, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lamia Zuniga Linan
- Laboratory of Materials and Process Engineering (LaMEP), Chemical Engineering Department (DEEQ), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1933, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei
- Department of Material Engineering and Bioprocesses, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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155
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Ross IL, Shah S, Hankamer B, Amiralian N. Microalgal nanocellulose - opportunities for a circular bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:924-939. [PMID: 34144878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 3 billion years, photosynthetic algae have evolved complex uses for cellulose, the most abundant polymer worldwide. A major cell-wall component of lignocellulosic plants, seaweeds, microalgae, and bacteria, cellulose can be processed to nanocellulose, a promising nanomaterial with novel properties. The structural diversity of macro- and microalgal nanocelluloses opens opportunities to couple low-impact biomass production with novel, green-chemistry processing to yield valuable, sustainable nanomaterials for a multitude of applications ranging from novel wound dressings to organic solar cells. We review the origins of algal cellulose and the applications and uses of nanocellulose, and highlight the potential for microalgae as a nanocellulose source. Given the limited state of current knowledge, we identify research challenges and strategies to help to realise this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Ross
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Sarah Shah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nasim Amiralian
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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156
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Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Zein/Catechin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Film for Active Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162759. [PMID: 34451300 PMCID: PMC8400103 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, following the green, environmentally friendly and sustainable development strategy, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared through a solvent-free esterification reaction between microcrystalline cellulose and maleic anhydride, combined with subsequent ultrasonic treatment, and maleic-anhydride-modified CNC-reinforced zein/catechin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanoparticles nanocomposite films were prepared by a facile solution casting. The amount of CNCs in the film matrix was 0–8 wt%, and their effect on structural, physicochemical and functional properties of the resulting films were investigated. SEM images showed that the addition of CNCs made the microstructure of the film more smooth and uniform. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between CNCs and film matrix were supported by FT-IR. XRD analysis also confirmed the appearance of a crystalline peak due to the existence of CNCs inside the films. The incorporation of CNCs significantly reduced water vapor permeability, water solubility and the swelling degree of the nanocomposite film, and also significantly increased tensile strength and elongation at break from 12.66 to 37.82 MPa and 4.5% to 5.2% (p < 0.05). Moreover, nanocomposite film packaging with CNCs can effectively inhibit the oxidation of soybean oil.
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157
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Current Status of Cellulosic and Nanocellulosic Materials for Oil Spill Cleanup. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162739. [PMID: 34451277 PMCID: PMC8400096 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in the application of lignocellulosic materials for oil spill removal are discussed in this review article. The types of lignocellulosic substrate material and their different chemical and physical modification strategies and basic preparation techniques are presented. The morphological features and the related separation mechanisms of the materials are summarized. The material types were classified into 3D-materials such as hydrophobic and oleophobic sponges and aerogels, or 2D-materials such as membranes, fabrics, films, and meshes. It was found that, particularly for 3D-materials, there is a clear correlation between the material properties, mainly porosity and density, and their absorption performance. Furthermore, it was shown that nanocellulosic precursors are not exclusively suitable to achieve competitive porosity and therefore absorption performance, but also bulk cellulose materials. This finding could lead to developments in cost- and energy-efficient production processes of future lignocellulosic oil spillage removal materials.
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158
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Díaz de León R, Guzmán E, López González R, Díaz Elizondo A, Magaña I, Neira G, Castañeda Facio A, Valencia L. Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Lactone Monomers via Plasma-Induced Polymerization and Their Application in ABS Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2699. [PMID: 34451239 PMCID: PMC8398306 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing concern for environmental problems has motivated the use of materials obtained from bio-based resources such as cellulose nanocrystals which have a promising application acting as fillers or reinforcements of polymeric materials. In this context, in this article, plasma-induced polymerization is proposed as a strategy to modify nanocrystals at different plasma power intensities using ε-caprolactone and δ-decalactone to improve their compatibility with polymeric matrices. The characterization was carried out using techniques such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, XPS, and AFM, with which a successful functionalization was demonstrated without altering the inherent properties of the nanocrystals. The preparation of ABS nanocomposites was carried out with the modified nanoparticles and the evaluation of the mechanical properties indicates an increase in Young's modulus and yield stress under certain concentrations of modified cellulose nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Díaz de León
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, CH, Mexico; (E.G.); (R.L.G.); (A.D.E.); (I.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ediberto Guzmán
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, CH, Mexico; (E.G.); (R.L.G.); (A.D.E.); (I.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ricardo López González
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, CH, Mexico; (E.G.); (R.L.G.); (A.D.E.); (I.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Alejandro Díaz Elizondo
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, CH, Mexico; (E.G.); (R.L.G.); (A.D.E.); (I.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ilse Magaña
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, CH, Mexico; (E.G.); (R.L.G.); (A.D.E.); (I.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Guadalupe Neira
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, CH, Mexico; (E.G.); (R.L.G.); (A.D.E.); (I.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Adali Castañeda Facio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard V. Carranza S/N, República Oriente, Saltillo 25280, CH, Mexico;
| | - Luis Valencia
- Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Birger Jarlsgatan 57 C, SE-11356 Stockholm, Sweden
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159
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Cellulose Nanocrystals/Chitosan-Based Nanosystems: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cellular Uptake on Breast Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082057. [PMID: 34443888 PMCID: PMC8398441 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are elongated biobased nanostructures with unique characteristics that can be explored as nanosystems in cancer treatment. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and cellular uptake on folate receptor (FR)-positive breast cancer cells of nanosystems based on CNCs and a chitosan (CS) derivative are investigated. The physical adsorption of the CS derivative, containing a targeting ligand (folic acid, FA) and an imaging agent (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC), on the surface of the CNCs was studied as an eco-friendly methodology to functionalize CNCs. The fluorescent CNCs/FA-CS-FITC nanosystems with a rod-like morphology showed good stability in simulated physiological and non-physiological conditions and non-cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. These functionalized CNCs presented a concentration-dependent cellular internalization with a 5-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity for the nanosystem with the higher FA content. Furthermore, the exometabolic profile of the MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to the CNCs/FA-CS-FITC nanosystems disclosed a moderate impact on the cells’ metabolic activity, limited to decreased choline uptake and increased acetate release, which implies an anti-proliferative effect. The overall results demonstrate that the CNCs/FA-CS-FITC nanosystems, prepared by an eco-friendly approach, have a high affinity towards FR-positive cancer cells and thus might be applied as nanocarriers with imaging properties for active targeted therapy.
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160
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161
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Hu X, Zhu S, Ma T, Lu S, Zhao J, Hu X, Song Y, Liao X. Magnetic modified cellulose nanocrystals fabricated using ultrasound-coprecipitation: Characterization and application as pickering emulsion stabilizers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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162
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Abe MM, Martins JR, Sanvezzo PB, Macedo JV, Branciforti MC, Halley P, Botaro VR, Brienzo M. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bioplastics Production from Starch and Lignocellulosic Components. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2484. [PMID: 34372086 PMCID: PMC8348970 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of plastic wastes in different environments has become a topic of major concern over the past decades; therefore, technologies and strategies aimed at mitigating the environmental impacts of petroleum products have gained worldwide relevance. In this scenario, the production of bioplastics mainly from polysaccharides such as starch is a growing strategy and a field of intense research. The use of plasticizers, the preparation of blends, and the reinforcement of bioplastics with lignocellulosic components have shown promising and environmentally safe alternatives for overcoming the limitations of bioplastics, mainly due to the availability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of such resources. This review addresses the production of bioplastics composed of polysaccharides from plant biomass and its advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Manabu Abe
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-230, SP, Brazil; (M.M.A.); (J.R.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Júlia Ribeiro Martins
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-230, SP, Brazil; (M.M.A.); (J.R.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Paula Bertolino Sanvezzo
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (P.B.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - João Vitor Macedo
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-230, SP, Brazil; (M.M.A.); (J.R.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Marcia Cristina Branciforti
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (P.B.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Peter Halley
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Level 3, Don Nicklin Building (74), St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Vagner Roberto Botaro
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability—CCTS, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, Sorocaba 18052-780, SP, Brazil;
| | - Michel Brienzo
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13500-230, SP, Brazil; (M.M.A.); (J.R.M.); (J.V.M.)
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163
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Long W, Ouyang H, Hu X, Liu M, Zhang X, Feng Y, Wei Y. State-of-art review on preparation, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of cellulose nanocrystals-based materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:591-615. [PMID: 34271046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a class of sustainable nanomaterials that are obtained from plants and microorganisms. These naturally derived nanomaterials are of abundant hydroxyl groups, well biocompatibility, low cost and biodegradable potential, making them suitable and promising candidates for various applications, especially in biomedical fields. In this review, the recent advances and development on the preparation, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of CNCs-based materials have been summarized and outlined. The main context of this paper could be divided into the following three parts. In the first part, the preparation strategies based on physical, chemical, enzymatic and combination techniques for preparation of CNCs have been summarized. The surface functionalization methods for synthesis CNCs-based materials with designed properties and functions were outlined in the following section. Finally, the current state about applications of CNCs-based materials for tissue engineering, medical hydrogels, biosensors, fluorescent imaging and intracellular delivery of biological agents have been highlighted. Moreover, current issues and future directions about the above aspects have also pointed out and discussed. We believe this review will attract great research attention of scientists from materials, chemistry, biomedicine and other disciplines. It will also provide some important insights on the future development of CNCs-based materials especially in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Meiying Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polyer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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164
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Cao S, Rathi P, Wu X, Ghim D, Jun YS, Singamaneni S. Cellulose Nanomaterials in Interfacial Evaporators for Desalination: A "Natural" Choice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000922. [PMID: 32537817 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the recent advances in realizing highly efficient cellulose-based solar evaporators for alleviating the global water crisis are summarized. Fresh water scarcity is one of the most threatening issues for sustainable development. Solar steam generation, which harnesses the abundant sunlight, has been recognized as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water. In contrast to synthetic polymeric materials that can pose serious negative environmental impacts, cellulose-based materials, owing to their biocompatibility, renewability, and sustainability, are highly attractive for realizing solar steam generators. The molecular and macromolecular features of cellulose and the physicochemical properties of extracted cellulose nanoparticles (cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)) and natural cellulose materials (wood and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)) that make them attractive as supporting substrate materials in solar steam generators are briefly discussed. Recent progress in designing highly efficient cellulose-based solar evaporators, including utilizing extracted cellulose nanoparticles via bottom-up assembly CNF, natural cellulose materials with intrinsic hierarchical structure (wood and BNC), and commercial planar cellulose substrates (air-laid paper, cellulose paper, and cotton fabric) is reviewed. The outstanding challenges that need to be addressed for these materials and devices to be utilized in the real-world and in overcoming global water crisis are also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Priya Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Deoukchen Ghim
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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165
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Clarkson CM, El Awad Azrak SM, Forti ES, Schueneman GT, Moon RJ, Youngblood JP. Recent Developments in Cellulose Nanomaterial Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000718. [PMID: 32696496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) are a class of materials that have recently garnered attention in fields as varied as structural materials, biomaterials, rheology modifiers, construction, paper enhancement, and others. As the principal structural reinforcement of biomass giving wood its mechanical properties, CNM is strong and stiff, but also nontoxic, biodegradable, and sustainable with a very large (Gton yr-1 ) source. Unfortunately, due to the relatively young nature of the field and inherent incompatibility of CNM with most man-made materials in use today, research has tended to be more basic-science oriented rather than commercially applicable, so there are few CNM-enabled products on the market today. Herein, efforts are presented for preparing and forming cellulose nanomaterial nanocomposites. The focus is on recent efforts attempting to mitigate common impediments to practical commercialization but is also placed in context with traditional efforts. The work is presented in terms of the progress made, and still to be made, on solving the most pressing challenges-getting properties that are competitive with currently used materials, removing organic solvent, solving the inherent incompatibility between CNM and polymers of interest, and incorporation into commonly used industrial processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Clarkson
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Sami M El Awad Azrak
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Endrina S Forti
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Gregory T Schueneman
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
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166
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Tu H, Zhu M, Duan B, Zhang L. Recent Progress in High-Strength and Robust Regenerated Cellulose Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000682. [PMID: 32686231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High-strength petroleum-based materials like plastics have been widely used in various fields, but their nonbiodegradability has caused serious pollution problems. Cellulose, as the most abundant sustainable polymer, has a great chance to act as the ideal substitute for plastics due to its low cost, wide availability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, the recent achievements for developing cellulose "green" solvents and regenerated cellulose materials with high strength via the "bottom-up" route are presented. Cellulose can be regenerated to produce films/membranes, hydrogels/aerogels, filaments/fibers, microspheres/beads, bioplastics, etc., which show potential applications in textiles, biomedicine, energy storage, packaging, etc. Importantly, these cellulose-based materials can be biodegraded in soil and oceans, reducing environmental pollution. The cellulose solvents, dissolving mechanism, and strategies for constructing the regenerated cellulose functional materials with high strength and performances, together with the current achievements and urgent challenges are summarized, and some perspectives are also proposed. The near future will be an exciting era for high-strength biodegradable and renewable materials. The hope is that many environmentally friendly materials with good properties and low cost will be produced for commercial use, which will be beneficial for sustainable development in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Duan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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167
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Jin T, Liu T, Lam E, Moores A. Chitin and chitosan on the nanoscale. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:505-542. [PMID: 34017971 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a matter of decades, nanomaterials from biomass, exemplified by nanocellulose, have rapidly transitioned from once being a subject of curiosity to an area of fervent research and development, now reaching the stages of commercialization and industrial relevance. Nanoscale chitin and chitosan, on the other hand, have only recently begun to raise interest. Attractive features such as excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, immunogenicity, as well as the tuneable handles of their acetylamide (chitin) or primary amino (chitosan) functionalities indeed display promise in areas such as biomedical devices, catalysis, therapeutics, and more. Herein, we review recent progress in the fabrication and development of these bio-nanomaterials, describe in detail their properties, and discuss the initial successes in their applications. Comparisons are made to the dominant nanocelluose to highlight some of the inherent advantages that nanochitin and nanochitosan may possess in similar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jin
- Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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168
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Dhali K, Ghasemlou M, Daver F, Cass P, Adhikari B. A review of nanocellulose as a new material towards environmental sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145871. [PMID: 33631573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, commonly referred to as plastics, are anthropogenic contaminants that adversely affect the natural ecosystems. The continuous disposal of long lifespan plastics has resulted in the accumulation of plastic waste, leading to significant pollution of both marine and terrestrial habitats. Scientific pursuit to seek environment-friendly materials from renewable resources has focused on cellulose, the primary reinforcement component of the cell wall of plants, as it is the most abundantly available biopolymer on earth. This paper provides an overview on the current state of science on nanocellulose research; highlighting its extraction procedures from lignocellulosic biomass. Literature shows that the process used to obtain nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass greatly influences its morphology, properties and surface chemistry. The efficacy of chemical methods that use alkali, acid, bleaching agents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvent for pre-treatment of biomass is discussed. There has been a continuous endeavour to optimize the pre-treatment protocol as it is specific to lignocellulosic biomass and also depends on factors such as nature of the biomass, process and environmental parameters and economic viability. Nanofibers are primarily isolated through mechanical fibrillation while nanocrystals are predominantly extracted using acid hydrolysis. A concise overview on the ways to improve the yield of nanocellulose from cellulosic biomass is also presented in this review. This work also reviews the techniques used to modify the surface properties of nanocellulose by functionalizing surface hydroxyl groups to impart desirable hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. An assessment on the emerging application of nanocellulose with an emphasis on development of nanocomposite materials for designing environmentally sustainable products is incorporated. Finally, the status of the industrial production of nanocellulose presented, which indicates that there is a continuously increased demand for cellulose nanomaterials. The demand for cellulose is expected to increase further due to its increasing and broadening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dhali
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Department of Post-Harvest Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, W.B., India
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Cass
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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169
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Lunardi VB, Soetaredjo FE, Putro JN, Santoso SP, Yuliana M, Sunarso J, Ju YH, Ismadji S. Nanocelluloses: Sources, Pretreatment, Isolations, Modification, and Its Application as the Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2052. [PMID: 34201884 PMCID: PMC8272055 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'Back-to-nature' concept has currently been adopted intensively in various industries, especially the pharmaceutical industry. In the past few decades, the overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused severe damage to the environment and ecosystem. One class of natural materials developed to substitute artificial chemicals in the pharmaceutical industries is the natural polymers, including cellulose and its derivatives. The development of nanocelluloses as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems has reached an advanced stage. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), nanocrystal cellulose (NCC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BC) are the most common nanocellulose used as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Modification and functionalization using various processes and chemicals have been carried out to increase the adsorption and drug delivery performance of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose may be attached to the drug by physical interaction or chemical functionalization for covalent drug binding. Current development of nanocarrier formulations such as surfactant nanocellulose, ultra-lightweight porous materials, hydrogel, polyelectrolytes, and inorganic hybridizations has advanced to enable the construction of stimuli-responsive and specific recognition characteristics. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to develop a new generation of nanocellulose-based carriers that can modulate the drug conveyance for diverse drug characteristics. This review provides insights into selecting appropriate nanocellulose-based hybrid materials and the available modification routes to achieve satisfactory carrier performance and briefly discusses the essential criteria to achieve high-quality nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Bervia Lunardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Felycia Edi Soetaredjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jindrayani Nyoo Putro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Maria Yuliana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching 93350, Sarawak, Malaysia;
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan;
- Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
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Abstract
The cultured meat market has been growing at an accelerated space since the first creation of cultured meat burger back in 2013. Substantial efforts have been made to reduce costs by eliminating serum in growth media and improving process efficiency by employing bioreactors. In parallel, efforts are also being made on scaffolding innovations to offer better cells proliferation, differentiation and tissue development. So far, scaffolds used in cultured meat research are predominantly collagen and gelatin, which are animal-derived. To align with cell-based meat vision i.e. environment conservation and animal welfare, plant-derived biomaterials for scaffolding are being intensively explored. This paper reviews and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of scaffold materials and potential scaffolding related to scale-up solution for the production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Si Han Seah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satnam Singh
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepak Choudhury
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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171
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Heidarian P, Kaynak A, Paulino M, Zolfagharian A, Varley RJ, Kouzani AZ. Dynamic nanocellulose hydrogels: Recent advancements and future outlook. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118357. [PMID: 34364602 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is of great interest in material science nowadays mainly because of its hydrophilic, renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature, as well as its excellent mechanical strength and tailorable surface ready for modification. Currently, nanocellulose is attracting attention to overcome the current challenges of dynamic hydrogels: robustness, autonomous self-healing, and self-recovery (SELF) properties simultaneously occurring in one system. In this regard, this review aims to explore current advances in design and fabrication of dynamic nanocellulose hydrogels and elucidate how incorporating nanocellulose with dynamic motifs simultaneously improves both SELF and robustness of hydrogels. Finally, current challenges and prospects of dynamic nanocellulose hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Heidarian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Akif Kaynak
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Mariana Paulino
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Russell J Varley
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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172
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Pickering emulsion stabilized by cellulosic fibers: Morphological properties-interfacial stabilization-rheological behavior relationships. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118339. [PMID: 34294348 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the stabilization mechanism induced by different morphologies of cellulosic fiber in O/W emulsion. Three types of cellulosic fibers were named squashed cellulose, incompletely nanofibrillated cellulose, and completely nanofibrillated cellulose, respectively. Squashed cellulose acted as barriers between the droplets to stabilize emulsion via depletion flocculation, whereas incompletely nanofibrillated and completely nanofibrillated cellulose formed covering layer via interfacial adsorption and connected adjacent droplets to create the droplet-fiber network structure via bridging flocculation. Differently, completely nanofibrillated cellulose formed the denser covering layer leading to a more stability of droplet. Importantly, it had the higher capacity of bridging flocculation, which can tightly connect the adjacent droplets to form a stronger droplet-fiber 3D network structure. Consequently, in rheological analysis including creep compliance, and dynamic modulus, the corresponding emulsions showed excellent anti-deformation ability and dynamic stability. This study provides practical guidance on the productions of foodstuff and cosmetic.
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173
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Ma T, Hu X, Lu S, Cui R, Zhao J, Hu X, Song Y. Cellulose nanocrystals produced using recyclable sulfuric acid as hydrolysis media and their wetting molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:405-414. [PMID: 34146558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully produced with good nanoscales and dispersibility, using a recycled sulfuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis process. This method, at the cost of an overall 25% increase in the hydrolysis time, could significantly reduce the dosage of H2SO4 by approximately 40% without affecting the per-batch yield and performance of CNCs. The obtained CNCs with an average diameter of 6.0-6.5 nm and an average length of 126-134 nm, were successfully applied in the preparation of oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions via high-pressure homogenization. The emulsions exhibited good storage stability when the concentration of CNC was 1.0 wt%. Further, understanding the wetting behaviors of surface modified CNCs with solvent is critical for the functional designing of Pickering emulsion. Hence, we gained insights into the wetting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of sulfate modified CNCs with water and organic solvent (hexadecane) droplets, using molecular dynamic simulation. The results showed that both surfaces had hydrophilic as well as lipophilic properties. Although the sulfate-grafted surface was more hydrophilic than unmodified CNC, substantial local wetting heterogeneities appeared for both solvents. It provides a deeper understanding of the interfacial interactions between modified CNCs and solvent molecules at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinna Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyu Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ranran Cui
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Song
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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174
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Gülsu A, Yüksektepe E. Preparation of Spherical Cellulose Nanoparticles from Recycled Waste Cotton for Anticancer Drug Delivery. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Gülsu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department Mugla Sitki Kocman University Muğla 48000 Turkey
| | - Ecem Yüksektepe
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department Mugla Sitki Kocman University Muğla 48000 Turkey
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175
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Delepierre G, Heise K, Malinen K, Koso T, Pitkänen L, Cranston ED, Kilpeläinen I, Kostiainen MA, Kontturi E, Weder C, Zoppe JO, King AWT. Challenges in Synthesis and Analysis of Asymmetrically Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2702-2717. [PMID: 34060815 PMCID: PMC8382247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are isolated from cellulose microfibrils, the parallel arrangement of the cellulose chains in the crystalline domains is retained so that all reducing end-groups (REGs) point to one crystallite end. This permits the selective chemical modification of one end of the CNCs. In this study, two reaction pathways are compared to selectively attach atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators to the REGs of CNCs, using reductive amination. This modification further enabled the site-specific grafting of the anionic polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) from the CNCs. Different analytical methods, including colorimetry and solution-state NMR analysis, were combined to confirm the REG-modification with ATRP-initiators and PSS. The achieved grafting yield was low due to either a limited conversion of the CNC REGs or side reactions on the polymerization initiator during the reductive amination. The end-tethered CNCs were easy to redisperse in water after freeze-drying, and the shear birefringence of colloidal suspensions is maintained after this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Delepierre
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo Finland
| | - Kiia Malinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo Finland
| | - Tetyana Koso
- Materials
Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Pitkänen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo Finland
| | - Emily D. Cranston
- Department
of Wood Science, The University of British
Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Materials
Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo Finland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O. Zoppe
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Materials
Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
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176
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Bioinspired manufacturing of oriented polysaccharides scaffolds for strong, optical haze and anti-UV/bacterial membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118328. [PMID: 34364591 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, biomimetic dual esterification strategy was proposed on natural polysaccharides cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and galactomannan (GM) in combination with tartaric acid (TA) and benzoic anhydride (BA) respectively. Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) formed the oriented quasinematic structure of the nanocomposites membranes. The CNCs crystallites were modified by TA and intercalated by amorphous polysaccharides, building a complex supramolecular network. Thus, it presents excellent light scattering property with the optical haze of ~90%, which was rarely reported previously. TA and BA simultaneously contributed to satisfying UV adsorption capability for the membranes, showing almost whole-spectra UVA/UVB blocking. Super high mechanical strength (>150 MPa) and toughness (~8 kJ/m3) were revealed by the membranes with high addition amount of BA, together with the efficient antibacterial capability on both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The diverse optical, mechanical and biological functions displayed by the polysaccharides membranes, propose new horizons on application for packaging, optoelectronic and biomonitoring sensors.
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177
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Lugoloobi I, Maniriho H, Jia L, Namulinda T, Shi X, Zhao Y. Cellulose nanocrystals in cancer diagnostics and treatment. J Control Release 2021; 336:207-232. [PMID: 34102221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is currently a major threat to public health, being among the principal causes of death to the global population. With carcinogenesis mechanisms, cancer invasion, and metastasis remaining blurred, cancer diagnosis and novel drug delivery approaches should be developed urgently to enable management and treatment. A dream break-through would be a non-invasive instantaneous monitoring of cancer initiation and progression to fast-track diagnosis for timely specialist treatment decisions. These innovations would enhance the established treatment protocols, unlimited by evasive biological complexities during tumorigenesis. It is therefore contingent that emerging and future scientific technologies be equally biased towards such innovations by exploiting the apparent properties of new developments and materials especially nanomaterials. CNCs as nanomaterials have undisputable physical and excellent biological properties that enhanced their interest as biomedical materials. This article therefore highlights CNCs utility in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Their extraction, properties, modification, in-vivo/in-vitro medical applications, biocompatibility, challenges and future perspectives are precisely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Lugoloobi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hillary Maniriho
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liang Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Tabbisa Namulinda
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Zhao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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178
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Waterborne Graphene- and Nanocellulose-Based Inks for Functional Conductive Films and 3D Structures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061435. [PMID: 34072356 PMCID: PMC8227753 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the vast field of conductive inks, graphene-based nanomaterials, including chemical derivatives such as graphene oxide as well as carbon nanotubes, offer important advantages as per their excellent physical properties. However, inks filled with carbon nanostructures are usually based on toxic and contaminating organic solvents or surfactants, posing serious health and environmental risks. Water is the most desirable medium for any envisioned application, thus, in this context, nanocellulose, an emerging nanomaterial, enables the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous media within a sustainable and environmentally friendly scenario. In this work, we present the development of water-based inks made of a ternary system (graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose) employing an autoclave method. Upon controlling the experimental variables, low-viscosity inks, high-viscosity pastes or self-standing hydrogels can be obtained in a tailored way. The resulting inks and pastes are further processed by spray- or rod-coating technologies into conductive films, and the hydrogels can be turned into aerogels by freeze-drying. The film properties, with respect to electrical surface resistance, surface morphology and robustness, present favorable opportunities as metal-free conductive layers in liquid-phase processed electronic device structures.
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179
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Yazdi MK, Seidi F, Jin Y, Zarrintaj P, Xiao H, Esmaeili A, Habibzadeh S, Saeb MR. Crystallization of Polysaccharides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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180
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Rana AK, Frollini E, Thakur VK. Cellulose nanocrystals: Pretreatments, preparation strategies, and surface functionalization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1554-1581. [PMID: 34029581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted great interest from researchers from academic and industrial areas because of their interesting structural features and unique physicochemical properties, such as magnificent mechanical strength, high surface area, and many hydroxyl groups for chemical modification, low density, and biodegradability. CNCs are an outstanding contender for applications in assorted fields comprehensive of, e.g., biomedical, electronic gadgets, water purifications, nanocomposites, membranes. Additionally, a persistent progression is going on in the extraction and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals to fulfill the expanding need of producers to fabricate cellulose nanocrystals-based materials. In this review, the foundation of nanocellulose that emerged from lignocellulosic biomass and recent development in extraction/preparation of cellulose nanocrystals and different types of cellulose nanocrystal surface modification techniques are summed up. The different sorts of cellulose modification reactions that have been discussed are acetylation, oxidations, esterifications, etherifications, ion-pair formation, hydrogen bonding, silanization, nucleophilic substitution reactions, and so forth. The mechanisms of surface functionalization reactions are also introduced and considered concerning the impact on the reactions. Moreover, the primary association of cellulose and different forms of nanocellulose has likewise been examined for beginners in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabete Frollini
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center for Science and Technology of BioResources, University of São Paulo, C.P. 780, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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181
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Wang XY, Wang Y, Zhao ND, Zheng M, Guo YR, Pan QJ. Van der Waals enhanced interfacial interaction in cellulose/zinc oxide nanocomposite coupled by graphitic carbon nitride. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118235. [PMID: 34127218 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of interfacial property is the key to guiding the synthesis of biomass composites with desired performance. However, the exploration is of great challenge due to limitations of experimental techniques in locating hydrogen, requiring large/good crystals and detecting a weak interaction like van der Waals (vdW). Herein, we experimentally and computationally investigated the composite cellulose/zinc oxide/g-C3N4. Hydrothermal synthesis afforded cellulose/ZnO, and then fabricated the ternary composite by adding g-C3N4 under ultrasonic condition. Three components are found to co-exist in the composite, and the ZnO nanoparticle is attaching to cellulose and coupling with g-C3N4. These experimental findings were corroborated by relativistic DFT calculations. The interfacial coupling is elaborated as contributions of dative bonds, hydrogen bonds and vdW interaction. The vdW is increased by a factor of 4.23 in the ZnO/g-C3N4 interface. This improves electron-hole separation and offers prospective application of the composite in photocatalysis, antibacteria and gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Harbin Center for Health Examination), Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Nian-Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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182
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Lisitsyn A, Semenova A, Nasonova V, Polishchuk E, Revutskaya N, Kozyrev I, Kotenkova E. Approaches in Animal Proteins and Natural Polysaccharides Application for Food Packaging: Edible Film Production and Quality Estimation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1592. [PMID: 34063360 PMCID: PMC8156411 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymers are an interesting resource for edible films production, as they are environmentally friendly packaging materials. The possibilities of the application of main animal proteins and natural polysaccharides are considered in the review, including the sources, structure, and limitations of usage. The main ways for overcoming the limitations caused by the physico-chemical properties of biopolymers are also discussed, including composites approaches, plasticizers, and the addition of crosslinking agents. Approaches for the production of biopolymer-based films and coatings are classified according to wet and dried processes and considered depending on biopolymer types. The methods for mechanical, physico-chemical, hydration, and uniformity estimation of edible films are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lisitsyn
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.N.); (N.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Anastasia Semenova
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.N.); (N.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Viktoria Nasonova
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.N.); (N.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Polishchuk
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Revutskaya
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.N.); (N.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Ivan Kozyrev
- Department of Scientific, Applied and Technological Developments, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.S.); (V.N.); (N.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Elena Kotenkova
- Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Talalikhina st., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia;
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183
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Sun C, Zhu D, Jia H, Yang C, Zheng Z, Wang X. Bio-based visual optical pressure-responsive sensor. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117823. [PMID: 33712164 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A bio-based pressure-responsive sensor with adjustable structural color is prepared by combining aerogel skeleton of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) obtained via the ice-templating method with flexible polyacrylamide (PAAM) elastomer. The white aerogel is composed of consecutive ribbons, demonstrating chiral nematic structure. These ribbons are rearranged to be vertical to the force direction, leading to immediate appearance of the structural color when the 3D aerogel transforms to a 2D plane. Helical pitches are regulated by the PEG content that the wavelength of structural color covers up to 178 nm. There is an excellent linear correlation between pressure and transmittance of reflectance peak, and the sensitivity to pressure can be regulated by changing solid content of PAAM. Furthermore, the pressure-responsive color is still vivid after 16 cycles of compression. This flexible material with pressure-responsive structural color is promising in sensing, intelligent display, information transmission, and etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chongchong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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184
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Jiang J, Zhu Y, Jiang F. Sustainable isolation of nanocellulose from cellulose and lignocellulosic feedstocks: Recent progress and perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118188. [PMID: 34119156 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a type of sustainable nanomaterials, nanocellulose has drawn increasing attention over the last two decades due to its great potential in diverse value-added applications such as electronics, sensors, energy storage, packaging, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and functional food. Sourcing nanocellulose from lignocellulose is commonly accomplished via the use of mineral acids, oxidizers, enzymes, and/or intensive mechanical energy. Yet, the economic and environmental concerns associated with these conventional isolation techniques pose major obstacles for commercialization. Considerable progress has been achieved in the last few years in developing sustainable nanocellulose isolation technologies involving organic acid/anhydride, Lewis acid, solid acid, ionic liquid, and deep eutectic solvent. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these alternatives with regard to general procedures and key advantages. Important knowledge gaps, including total biomass utilization, complete life cycle analysis, and health/safety, require urgently bridging in order to develop economically competitive and operationally feasible nanocellulose isolation technology for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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185
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Carrion CC, Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajjadi M, Jaleh B, Soufi GJ, Iravani S. Lignin, lipid, protein, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, gum, pectin, alginate and chitosan-based nanomaterials for cancer nanotherapy: Challenges and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:193-228. [PMID: 33631269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems are relatively new, they are rapidly evolving since the nanomaterials are deployed as effective means of diagnosis and delivery of assorted therapeutic agents to targeted intracellular sites in a controlled release manner. Nanomedicine and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are rapidly developing as they play crucial roles in the development of therapeutic strategies for various types of cancer and malignancy. Nevertheless, high costs, associated toxicity and production of complexities are some of the critical barriers for their applications. Green nanomedicines have continually been improved as one of the viable approaches towards tumor drug delivery, thus making a notable impact on which considerably affect cancer treatment. In this regard, the utilization of natural and renewable feedstocks as a starting point for the fabrication of nanosystems can considerably contribute to the development of green nanomedicines. Nanostructures and biopolymers derived from natural and biorenewable resources such as proteins, lipids, lignin, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, gum, pectin, alginate, and chitosan play vital roles in the development of cancer nanotherapy, imaging and management. This review uncovers recent investigations on diverse nanoarchitectures fabricated from natural and renewable feedstocks for the controlled/sustained and targeted drug/gene delivery systems against cancers including an outlook on some of the scientific challenges and opportunities in this field. Various important natural biopolymers and nanomaterials for cancer nanotherapy are covered and the scientific challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrillo Carrion
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra Nnal IV-A Km. 396, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 37185-359, Iran
| | - Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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186
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Li MC, Wu Q, Moon RJ, Hubbe MA, Bortner MJ. Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006052. [PMID: 33870553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear-thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid-based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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187
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Mahendiran B, Muthusamy S, Sampath S, Jaisankar SN, Popat KC, Selvakumar R, Krishnakumar GS. Recent trends in natural polysaccharide based bioinks for multiscale 3D printing in tissue regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:564-588. [PMID: 33933542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication by three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an attractive technology in harnessing the possibility to print anatomical shaped native tissues with controlled architecture and resolution. 3D printing offers the possibility to reproduce complex microarchitecture of native tissues by printing live cells in a layer by layer deposition to provide a biomimetic structural environment for tissue formation and host tissue integration. Plant based biomaterials derived from green and sustainable sources have represented to emulate native physicochemical and biological cues in order to direct specific cellular response and formation of new tissues through biomolecular recognition patterns. This comprehensive review aims to analyze and identify the most commonly used plant based bioinks for 3D printing applications. An overview on the role of different plant based biomaterial of terrestrial origin (Starch, Nanocellulose and Pectin) and marine origin (Ulvan, Alginate, Fucoidan, Agarose and Carrageenan) used for 3D printing applications are discussed elaborately. Furthermore, this review will also emphasis in the functional aspects of different 3D printers, appropriate printing material, merits and demerits of numerous plant based bioinks in developing 3D printed tissue-like constructs. Additionally, the underlying potential benefits, limitations and future perspectives of plant based bioinks for tissue engineering (TE) applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mahendiran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Muthusamy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowndarya Sampath
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Jaisankar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Biomaterial Surface Micro/Nanoengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering/School of Biomedical Engineering/School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado-80523, USA
| | - R Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
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188
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Souza PR, de Oliveira AC, Vilsinski BH, Kipper MJ, Martins AF. Polysaccharide-Based Materials Created by Physical Processes: From Preparation to Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:621. [PMID: 33925380 PMCID: PMC8146878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based materials created by physical processes have received considerable attention for biomedical applications. These structures are often made by associating charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, avoiding toxic chemistries (crosslinking agents). We review the principal polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, and derivatives) containing ionizable groups in their structures and cellulose (neutral polysaccharide). Physical materials with high stability in aqueous media can be developed depending on the selected strategy. We review strategies, including coacervation, ionotropic gelation, electrospinning, layer-by-layer coating, gelation of polymer blends, solvent evaporation, and freezing-thawing methods, that create polysaccharide-based assemblies via in situ (one-step) methods for biomedical applications. We focus on materials used for growth factor (GFs) delivery, scaffolds, antimicrobial coatings, and wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Souza
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
| | - Ariel C. de Oliveira
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
- Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules and Composites, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana 86812-460, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. Vilsinski
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alessandro F. Martins
- Group of Polymeric Materials and Composites, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (P.R.S.); (A.C.d.O.); (B.H.V.)
- Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules and Composites, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana 86812-460, PR, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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189
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Abstract
Abstract
The presented chapter deals with structure, morphology, and properties aspects concerning cellulose-based polymers in both research and industrial production, such as cellulose fibers, cellulose membranes, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial cellulose, etc. The idea was to highlight the main cellulose-based polymers and cellulose derivatives, as well as the dissolution technologies in processing cellulose-based products. The structure and properties of cellulose are introduced briefly. The main attention has been paid to swelling and dissolution of cellulose in order to yield various kinds of cellulose derivatives through polymerization. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. Finally, the environmental friendly and green cellulose-based polymers will be evaluated as one of the multifunctional and smart materials with significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Yaya Hao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu He
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
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190
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Sustainable Removal of Contaminants by Biopolymers: A Novel Approach for Wastewater Treatment. Current State and Future Perspectives. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring substances or polymeric biomolecules synthesized by living organisms during their entire life cycle are commonly defined as biopolymers. Different classifications of biopolymers have been proposed, focusing on their monomeric units, thus allowing them to be distinguished into three different classes with a huge diversity of secondary structures. Due to their ability to be easily manipulated and modified, their versatility, and their sustainability, biopolymers have been proposed in different fields of interest, starting from food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, (i.e., as excipients, gelling agents, stabilizers, or thickeners). Furthermore, due to their sustainable and renewable features, their biodegradability, and their non-toxicity, biopolymers have also been proposed in wastewater treatment, in combination with different reinforcing materials (natural fibers, inorganic micro- or nano-sized fillers, antioxidants, and pigments) toward the development of novel composites with improved properties. On the other hand, the improper or illegal emission of untreated industrial, agricultural, and household wastewater containing a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants represents a great risk to aquatic systems, with a negative impact due to their high toxicity. Among the remediation techniques, adsorption is widely used and documented for its efficiency, intrinsic simplicity, and low cost. Biopolymers represent promising and challenging adsorbents for aquatic environments’ decontamination from organic and inorganic pollutants, allowing for protection of the environment and living organisms. This review summarizes the results obtained in recent years from the sustainable removal of contaminants by biopolymers, trying to identify open questions and future perspectives to overcome the present gaps and limitations.
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191
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Important Roles of Oligo- and Polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2: Recent Advances. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-initiated outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, posing a huge threat to public health. Natural oligo- and polysaccharides with low toxicity, good sustainability, high biocompatibility, respectable safety, immune regulation, and antiviral activity can be employed as promising candidates for the prevention and inhibition of viral infections, especially COVID-19. Glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, terrestrial plant polysaccharides, and some others have exhibited potential antiviral activity against pathogenic viruses, in the format of polysaccharide-centered vaccine adjuvants, nano-based structures, drug conveyance platforms, etc. In this review, significant recent advancements pertaining to the antiviral applications of oligo- and polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted, including important challenges and future perspectives.
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Abstract
Cellulose is the most common biopolymer and widely used in our daily life. Due to its unique properties and biodegradability, it has been attracting increased attention in the recent years and various new applications of cellulose and its derivatives are constantly being found. The development of new materials with improved properties, however, is not always an easy task, and theoretical models and computer simulations can often help in this process. In this review, we give an overview of different coarse-grained models of cellulose and their applications to various systems. Various coarse-grained models with different mapping schemes are presented, which can efficiently simulate systems from the single cellulose fibril/crystal to the assembly of many fibrils/crystals. We also discuss relevant applications of these models with a focus on the mechanical properties, self-assembly, chiral nematic phases, conversion between cellulose allomorphs, composite materials and interactions with other molecules.
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193
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Kumar S, Foroozesh J. Chitin nanocrystals based complex fluids: A green nanotechnology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117619. [PMID: 33541647 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chitin biopolymer has received significant attention recently by many industries as a green technology. Nanotechnology has been used to make chitin nanocrystals (ChiNCs) that are rod-shaped natural nanomaterials with nanoscale size. Owing to the unique features such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, rod-shape, and excellent surface and interfacial, physiochemical, and thermo-mechanical properties; ChiNCs have been green and attractive products with wide applications specifically in medical and pharmaceutical, food and packaging, cosmetic, electrical, and electronic, and also in the oil and gas industry. This review aims to give a comprehensive and applied insight into ChiNCs technology. It starts with reviewing different sources of chitin and their extraction methods followed by the characterization of ChiNCs. Furthermore, a detailed investigation into various complex fluids (dispersions, emulsions, foams, and gels) stabilized by ChiNCs and their characterisation have been thoroughly deliberated. Finally, the current status including ground-breaking applications, untapped investigations, and future prospective have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - Jalal Foroozesh
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.
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194
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Gao C, Yang J, Han L. Systematic comparison for effects of different scale mechanical-NaOH coupling treatments on lignocellulosic components, micromorphology and cellulose crystal structure of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124786. [PMID: 33548818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of different mechanical-chemical coupling treatment on wheat straw and provide guidance for the subsequent preparation of cellulose nanomaterials, this paper systematically explored the impact of different scale mechanical fragmentation coupling various NaOH concentration treatment on the lignocellulosic components, micromorphology and cellulose crystal structure of wheat straw. The results showed that the relationship between hemicellulose and lignin removal with NaOH concentration can be expressed as exponential function Y = ai(1-exp(-biX)), and micro-nano-scale ball-milling coupling NaOH treatment can facilitate the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Micromorphology analysis found that wet ball milling coupling NaOH one-step treatment can disintegrate cellulose fiber into crosslinked network structure of cellulose microfibrils. XRD results indicated that wet ball milling with NaOH solution was contributed to retaining cellulose crystal structure and conducive to cellulose crystalline transformation. In conclusion, wet ball milling coupling NaOH simultaneous treatment can be a promising pretreatment for cellulose nanomaterials preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Gao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
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195
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Zhang C, Keten S, Derome D, Carmeliet J. Hydrogen bonds dominated frictional stick-slip of cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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196
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nanocellulose Functionalized–Hybrid Membranes and Application in Water Quality Improvement. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing discharge of voluminous non or partially treated wastewaters characterized by complex contaminants poses significant ecological and health risks. Particularly, this practice impacts negatively on socio-economic, technological, industrial, and agricultural development. Therefore, effective control of water pollution is imperative. Over the past decade, membrane filtration has been established as an effective and commercially attractive technology for the separation and purification of water. The performance of membrane-based technologies relies on the intrinsic properties of the membrane barrier itself. As a result, the development of innovative techniques for the preparation of highly efficient membranes has received remarkable attention. Moreover, growing concerns related to cost-effective and greener technologies have induced the need for eco-friendly, renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable source materials for membrane fabrication. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of new high-tech nanomaterials from natural polymers (e.g., cellulose) for the preparation of environmentally benign nanocomposite membranes. The synthesis of nanocomposite membranes using nanocelluloses (NCs) has become a prominent research field. This is attributed to the exceptional characteristics of these nanomaterials (NMs) namely; excellent and tuneable surface chemistry, high mechanical strength, low-cost, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability. For this purpose, the current paper opens with a comprehensive yet concise description of the various types of NCs and their most broadly utilized production techniques. This is closely followed by a critical review of how NC substrates and their surface-modified versions affect the performance of the fabricated NC-based membranes in various filtration processes. Finally, the most recent processing technologies for the preparation of functionalized NCs-based composite membranes are discussed in detail and their hybrid characteristics relevant to membrane filtration processes are highlighted.
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197
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Oguzlu H, Dobyrden I, Liu X, Bhaduri S, Claesson PM, Boluk Y. Polymer Induced Gelation of Aqueous Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3015-3024. [PMID: 33646793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the gelation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer solutions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with half-ester sulfate groups produced by acid hydrolysis of wood pulp were used in this study. The microstructure of CNCs/polymer suspensions was investigated in semidilute concentration regimes by selecting carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC700) as an anionic polymer and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO600) as a neutral polymer solution. Together with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), we characterized CNCs-polymer interactions, the suspension microstructure, and the macroscopic gel flow. Significant viscosity increases at low shear rates coupled with high shear-thinning behaviors were observed in CNC colloid-CMC700 polymer mixtures, but not those CNCs in PEO600 solutions. The apparent differences between CNCs-CMC700 and CNCs-PEO600 mixtures were due to their chain confirmations. On the basis of the evaluations from STEM, cryo-TEM, and polarized optical microscopy, we proposed that the excess CMC700 molecules in solutions result in the depletion of CNCs and the formation of anisotropic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H9
| | - Illia Dobyrden
- Department of Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Swayamdipta Bhaduri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H9
| | - Per Martin Claesson
- Department of Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Bioscience and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H9
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198
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Hassan SH, Velayutham TS, Chen YW, Lee HV. TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose films derived from coconut residues: Physicochemical, mechanical and electrical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:392-402. [PMID: 33737185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the development of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) film that derived from sustainable biomass resources, which potentially to work as bio-based conductive membranes that assembled into supercapacitors. The chemically purified cellulose was isolated from different parts of coconut (coconut shell and its husk) and further subjected to 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation for CNF preparation. Physicochemical properties of prepared CNFs were studied in terms of chemical characteristics & crystallinity, surface functionalities, surface morphology, and thermal properties. Both coconut shell-derived CNF and coconut husk-derived CNF fulfilled with nanocellulose's characteristics with fibres width ranged of 70-120 nm and 150-330 nm, respectively. CNF films were further prepared by solvent casting method to measure the modulus elasticity, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the films. Mechanical study indicated that coconut shell-derived CNF film showed a higher value of elastic modulus than the coconut husk-derived CNF film, which was 8.39 GPa and 5.36 GPa, respectively. The effectiveness of electrical aspects for CNF films are well correlated with the crystallinity and thermal properties, associated with it's composition of different coconut's part.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hassan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Low Dimensional Materials Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T S Velayutham
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y W Chen
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H V Lee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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199
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Xu JT, Chen XQ, Shen WH, Li Z. Spherical vs rod-like cellulose nanocrystals from enzymolysis: A comparative study as reinforcing agents on polyvinyl alcohol. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117493. [PMID: 33483022 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have isolated cellulose nanocrystallines (CNCs) with different morphologies by enzymatic hydrolysis, and prepared flexible and transparent nanocomposite films with PVA matrix via solution casting. By means of SEM, UV-vis, XRD, DTG, FT-IR and mechanical methods, the effects of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystallines (RCNCs) and spherical cellulose nanocrystallines (SCNCs) on PVA nanocomposite films were compared systematically. The results showed CNCs with different morphologies had little effect on the transparency of the composite films, and the crystallinity fluctuated with the change of CNCs additive amount. Compared with the RCNCs, SCNCs had a better improve ability to the thermal stability of the composite films by promoting pyrolysis temperature 60-80 °C. On the contrary, the maximum mechanical properties of the composite films of RCNCs were much higher than those of SCNCs, and the Young's modulus of the PVA/RCNCs composite film were increased by 120.97 % in comparison with the pure PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
| | - Xiao-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
| | - Wen-Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
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200
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Ee LY, Yau Li SF. Recent advances in 3D printing of nanocellulose: structure, preparation, and application prospects. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1167-1208. [PMID: 36132876 PMCID: PMC9418582 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging cellulose nanomaterials extracted from agricultural biomasses have recently received extensive attention due to diminishing fossil resources. To further reduce the carbon footprints and wastage of valuable resources, additive manufacturing techniques of new nanocellulosic materials have been developed. Studies on the preparation and characterization of 3D-printable functional nanocellulosic materials have facilitated a deeper understanding into their desirable attributes such as high surface area, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. In this critical review, we compare and highlight the different methods of extracting nanocellulose from biorenewable resources and the strategies for transforming the obtained nanocellulose into nanocomposites with high 3D printability. Optimistic technical applications of 3D-printed nanocellulose in biomedical, electronics, and environmental fields are finally described and evaluated for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ying Ee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road, Science Drive 4, S5-02-03 Singapore 117549
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road, Science Drive 4, S5-02-03 Singapore 117549
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