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Pardo PS, Boriek AM. SIRT1 Regulation in Ageing and Obesity. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111249. [PMID: 32320732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and obesity have common hallmarks: altered glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are some examples. The downstream effects of SIRT1 activity have been thoroughly explored, and their research is still in expanse. SIRT1 activation has been shown to regulate pathways with beneficiary effects on 1) ageing and obesity-associated metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type-II diabetes with, 2) chronic inflammatory processes such as arthritis, atherosclerosis and emphysema, 3) DNA damage and oxidative stress with impact on neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health and some cancers. This knowledge intensified the interest in uncovering the mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of SIRT1. This review focuses on the upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling SIRT1, and how this knowledge could potentially contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Pardo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
| | - Aladin M Boriek
- Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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152
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Fatty liver diseases, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic plant medicines. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:161-168. [PMID: 32245585 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic organ and controls lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Dysruption of hepatic lipid metabolism is often associated with fatty liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver diseases (AFLD) and hyperlipidemia. Recent studies have uncovered the contribution of hormones, transcription factors, and inflammatory cytokines to the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and fatty liver diseases. Moreover, a significant amount of effort has been put to examine the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of many natural plant products on fatty liver diseases and metabolic diseases. We review the current understanding of insulin, thyroid hormone and inflammatory cytokines in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, focusing on several essential transcription regulators, such as Sirtuins (SIRTs), Forkhead box O (FoxO), Sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). We also discuss a few representative natural products with promising thereapeutic effects on fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia.
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153
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Chen L, Huang W, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Zheng S, Kong D. The effects of epigenetic modification on the occurrence and progression of liver diseases and the involved mechanism. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:259-270. [PMID: 32124651 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1736042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic modification is a type of gene expression and regulation that does not involve changes in DNA sequences. An increasing number of studies have proven that epigenetic modifications play an important role in the occurrence and progression of liver diseases through the gene regulation and protein expressions of hepatocellular lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction, cell proliferation, and activation, etc.Areas covered: In this study, we elaborated and analyzed the underlying functional mechanism of epigenetic modification in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis (LF), viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and research progress of recent years.Expert opinion: The further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms that can regulate gene expression and cell phenotype leads to new insights in epigenetic control of chronic liver disease. Currently, hepatologists are exploring the role of DNA methylation, histone/chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA in specific liver pathology. These findings have led to advances in direct epigenetic biomarker testing of patient tissue or body fluid specimens, as well as quantitative analysis. Based on these findings, drug validation of some targets involved in the epigenetic mechanism of liver disease is gradually being carried out clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integral Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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154
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Gan H, Shen T, Chupp DP, Taylor JR, Sanchez HN, Li X, Xu Z, Zan H, Casali P. B cell Sirt1 deacetylates histone and non-histone proteins for epigenetic modulation of AID expression and the antibody response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2793. [PMID: 32270032 PMCID: PMC7112761 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediates immunoglobulin class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), critical processes for maturation of the antibody response. Epigenetic factors, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), would underpin B cell differentiation stage-specific AID expression. Here, we showed that NAD+-dependent class III HDAC sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is highly expressed in resting B cells and down-regulated by stimuli inducing AID. B cell Sirt1 down-regulation, deprivation of NAD+ cofactor, or genetic Sirt1 deletion reduced deacetylation of Aicda promoter histones, Dnmt1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and increased AID expression. This promoted class-switched and hypermutated T-dependent and T-independent antibody responses or led to generation of autoantibodies. Genetic Sirt1 overexpression, Sirt1 boost by NAD+, or allosteric Sirt1 enhancement by SRT1720 repressed AID expression and CSR/SHM. By deacetylating histone and nonhistone proteins (Dnmt1 and NF-κB p65), Sirt1 transduces metabolic cues into epigenetic changes to play an important B cell-intrinsic role in modulating antibody and autoantibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel P. Chupp
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Julia R. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Helia N. Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040560. [PMID: 32230804 PMCID: PMC7222401 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, is involved in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism regulation. Limited studies exist regarding the role of SIRT1 in lipid metabolism disorder in periparturient dairy cows. This study explores the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the SIRT1 gene and protein and the proteins encoded by the genes downstream to it, all of which are involved in lipid metabolism in the liver. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 47 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). The present study indicates that low SIRT1 expression caused by hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it demonstrates that hepatic steatosis is associated with increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis, inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation and reduced lipid transport. Abstract Dairy cows usually experience negative energy balance coupled with an increased incidence of fatty liver during the periparturient period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the target mRNA and protein expressions and activities related to lipid metabolism in liver tissue. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 7 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). Compared with the control group, fatty liver cows had greater concentrations of cholesterol and TG along with the typically vacuolated appearance and greater lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, fatty liver cows had greater mRNA and protein abundance related to hepatic lipid synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1c), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acyl-CoA carbrolase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipid transport proteins Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) (p < 0.05). However, they had lower mRNA and protein abundance associated with fatty acid β-oxidation proteins SIRT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXRα), acyl-CoA 1 (ACO), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD) (p < 0.05). Additionally, mRNA abundance and enzyme activity of enzymes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) decreased and mRNA and protein abundance of p45 nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (p45 NF-E2)-related factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) decreased (p < 0.05). Lower enzyme activities of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, SREBP-1c and Mn SOD (p < 0.05) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in dairy cows with fatty liver. These results demonstrate that decreased SIRT1 associated with hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. Hence, SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the fatty liver disease in dairy cows.
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156
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Li Y, Xi Y, Tao G, Xu G, Yang Z, Fu X, Liang Y, Qian J, Cui Y, Jiang T. Sirtuin 1 activation alleviates primary biliary cholangitis via the blocking of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106386. [PMID: 32193100 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This report sought to establish the mechanistic role of sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase in the modulation of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) pathogenesis. 64 PBC patients (diagnosed based on practice guidelines for American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases) and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. Clinically, the mRNA expression level of Sirt1 in macrophages differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PBC subjects substantially decreased when compared with the healthy controls but not in other Sirt family genes (Sirt2-7). Consistent with clinical results, a PBC murine model showed that levels of Sirt1 significantly decreased in the liver and Kupffer cells of mice treated with polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) for 16 weeks. A TAK1 inhibitor (NG25) prevented the poly I:C-induced Sirt1 protein level decreasing in Kupffer cells but not MAPK inhibitor. Sirt1 activators resveratrol (RSV) and SRT1720 (SRT) ameliorated poly I:C-induced hepatic injury observed via histopathologic analysis and decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the PBC murine model. Furthermore, Sirt1 activators significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum in poly I:C-induced mice. In addition, Sirt1 activators significantly inhibited the phosphorylated and acetylated levels of the RelA/p65 subunit of the nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) but not the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 in poly I:C-injured mice livers. Significantly, RSV improved the interaction between Sirt1 and p65, which may contribute to the decreased activity of NF-κB. In summary, the Sirt1 signaling pathway plays an essential role in the development of PBC and this may represent a novel approach and target for the treatment of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhai Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Guohua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First People's Hospital of Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Jiangsu University Health Science Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianping Qian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Cui
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China.
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157
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Spatiotemporal gating of SIRT1 functions by O-GlcNAcylation is essential for liver metabolic switching and prevents hyperglycemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6890-6900. [PMID: 32152092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909943117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient physiological transitions are known to cause metabolic disorders. Therefore, investigating mechanisms that constitute molecular switches in a central metabolic organ like the liver becomes crucial. Specifically, upstream mechanisms that control temporal engagement of transcription factors, which are essential to mediate physiological fed-fast-refed transitions are less understood. SIRT1, a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is pivotal in regulating hepatic gene expression and has emerged as a key therapeutic target. Despite this, if/how nutrient inputs regulate SIRT1 interactions, stability, and therefore downstream functions are still unknown. Here, we establish nutrient-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1, within its N-terminal domain, as a crucial determinant of hepatic functions. Our findings demonstrate that during a fasted-to-refed transition, glycosylation of SIRT1 modulates its interactions with various transcription factors and a nodal cytosolic kinase involved in insulin signaling. Moreover, sustained glycosylation in the fed state causes nuclear exclusion and cytosolic ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SIRT1. This mechanism exerts spatiotemporal control over SIRT1 functions by constituting a previously unknown molecular relay. Of note, loss of SIRT1 glycosylation discomposed these interactions resulting in aberrant gene expression, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis. Expression of nonglycosylatable SIRT1 in the liver abrogated metabolic flexibility, resulting in systemic insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hepatic inflammation, highlighting the physiological costs associated with its overactivation. Conversely, our study also reveals that hyperglycosylation of SIRT1 is associated with aging and high-fat-induced obesity. Thus, we establish that nutrient-dependent glycosylation of SIRT1 is essential to gate its functions and maintain physiological fitness.
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158
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SIRT3-mediated inhibition of FOS through histone H3 deacetylation prevents cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32296036 PMCID: PMC7046732 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase that modulates proteins that control metabolism and protects against oxidative stress. Modulation of SIRT3 activity has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating metabolic diseases and associated cardiac disturbances. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT3 in inflammation and fibrosis in the heart using male mice with constitutive and systemic deletion of SIRT3 and human cardiac AC16 cells. SIRT3 knockout mice showed cardiac fibrosis and inflammation that was characterized by augmented transcriptional activity of AP-1. Consistent with this, SIRT3 overexpression in human and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes partially prevented the inflammatory and profibrotic response induced by TNF-α. Notably, these effects were associated with a decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of FOS and the DNA-binding activity of AP-1. Finally, we demonstrated that SIRT3 inhibits FOS transcription through specific histone H3 lysine K27 deacetylation at its promoter. These findings highlight an important function of SIRT3 in mediating the often intricate profibrotic and proinflammatory responses of cardiac cells through the modulation of the FOS/AP-1 pathway. Since fibrosis and inflammation are crucial in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, our results point to SIRT3 as a potential target for treating these diseases.
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159
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Molecular Basis of the Beneficial Actions of Resveratrol. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:105-114. [PMID: 32111491 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol modulates the transcription factor NF-κB, cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP1A1, expression and activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, Fas/Fas ligand mediated apoptosis, p53, mTOR and cyclins and various phospho-diesterases resulting in an increase in cytosolic cAMP levels. Cyclic AMP, in turn, activates Epac1/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway that facilitates increased oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial respiration and their biogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Resveratrol triggers apoptosis of activated T cells and suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and other pro-inflammatory molecules and inhibits expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may explain its anti-inflammatory actions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their anti-inflammatory metabolites lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins have a significant role in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome and cancer. We observed that PUFAs (especially arachidonic acid, AA) and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) protect against the cytotoxic actions of alloxan, streptozotocin, benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and doxorubicin. Thus, there is an overlap in the beneficial actions of resveratrol, PUFAs and BDNF suggesting that these molecules may interact and augment synthesis and action of each other. This is supported by the observation that resveratrol and PUFAs modulate gut microbiota and influence stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Since resveratrol is not easily absorbed from the gut it is likely that it may act on endocannabinoid and light, odor, and taste receptors located in the gut, which, in turn, convey their messages to the various organs via vagus nerve.
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160
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Schneider J, Han WH, Matthew R, Sauvé Y, Lemieux H. Age and sex as confounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228710. [PMID: 32084168 PMCID: PMC7034865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study revisits the role of cardiac mitochondrial adjustments during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while considering age and sex as potential confounding factors. We used the Nile Grass rats (NRs) as the animal model. After weaning, animals were fed either a Standard Rodent Chow Diet (SRCD group) or a Mazuri Chinchilla Diet (MCD group) consisting of high-fiber and low-fat content. Both males and females in the SRCD group, exhibited increased body mass, body mass index, and plasma insulin compared to the MCD group animals. However, the females were able to preserve their fasting blood glucose throughout the age range on both diets, while the males showed significant hyperglycemia starting at 6 months in the SRCD group. In the males, a higher citrate synthase activity-a marker of mitochondrial content-was measured at 2 months in the SRCD compared to the MCD group, and this was followed by a decline with age in the SRCD group only. In contrast, females preserved their mitochondrial content throughout the age range. In the males exclusively, the complex IV capacity expressed independently of mitochondrial content varied with age in a diet-specific pattern; the capacity was elevated at 2 months in the SRCD group, and at 6 months in the MCD group. In addition, females, but not males, were able to adjust their capacity to oxidize long-chain fatty acid in accordance with the fat content of the diet. Our results show clear sexual dimorphism in the variation of mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation capacity with diet and age. The SRCD not only leads to T2DM but also exacerbates age-related cardiac mitochondrial defects. These observations, specific to male NRs, might reflect deleterious dietary-induced changes on their metabolism making them more prone to the cardiovascular consequences of aging and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Schneider
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Matthew
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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161
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Rhodiola crenulata root extract ameliorates fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in rats: Association with activating autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109836. [PMID: 32007914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown the beneficial effects of Rhodiola species on metabolic disorders, but their mechanisms are not clear. Hepatic steatosis is closely related to metabolic disorders, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of Rhodiola crenulata root (RCR) on fructose-induced hepatic steatosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. PURPOSE To observe the effect of Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCR) on fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with liquid fructose in their drinking water over 18 weeks. The extract of RCR was co-administered (once daily by oral gavage) during the last 5 weeks. Liver lipid deposition and morphological changes were observed by Oil red O staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blot and immunoprecipitation were used to detect gene and protein expression in liver. RESULTS RCR (50 mg/kg) reversed liquid fructose-induced increase in hepatic triglyceride content in rats. Attenuation of the increased vacuolization and Oil Red O staining area was evident on histological examination of liver in RCR-treated rats. However, RCR treatment did not affect chow intake and body weight of rats. Although some genes of the pathways involved in DNL (ChREBP, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC1, SCD1, DGAT1, DGAT2 and MGAT2), fatty acid β-oxidation (PPARα, CPT1a, ACO and FGF21), VLDL-export (MTTP) and decomposition (HSL, ATGL) in the liver of fructose-fed rats were not changed significantly after RCR administration, the decrease in PPARα and PGC-1α proteins was reversed by RCR. Notably, SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression increased significantly with RCR administration. Furthermore, RCR increased expression of ATG4B, Beclin1 and decreased expression of Bcl2-Beclin1 complex dramatically. Meanwhile, RCR decreased the acetylation of beclin1. Moreover, RCR increased expression of autophagosome markers including LC3B and ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L1, and decreased expression of autophagolysosome marker p62 in the livers of fructose-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS RCR has a certain improvement effect on fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, which is related to the activation of autophagy.
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162
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Chyau CC, Wang HF, Zhang WJ, Chen CC, Huang SH, Chang CC, Peng RY. Antrodan Alleviates High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Disease in C57BL/6 Mice Model via AMPK/Sirt1/SREBP-1c/PPARγ Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010360. [PMID: 31935815 PMCID: PMC6981486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and -steatohepatitis (NASH) imply a state of excessive fat built-up in livers with/or without inflammation and have led to serious medical concerns in recent years. Antrodan (Ant), a purified β-glucan from A. cinnamomea has been shown to exhibit tremendous bioactivity, including hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antiliver cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering the already well-known alleviating bioactivity of A. cinnamomea for the alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), we propose that Ant can be beneficial to NAFLD, and that the AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ/SREBP-1c pathways may be involved in such alleviations. To uncover this, we carried out this study with 60 male C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat high-fructose diet (HFD) for 60 days, in order to induce NAFLD/NASH. Mice were then grouped and treated (by oral administration) as: G1: control; G2: HFD (HFD control); G3: Ant, 40 mgkg (Ant control); G4: HFD+Orlistat (10 mg/kg) (as Orlistat control); G5: HFD+Ant L (20 mg/kg); and G6: HFD+Ant H (40 mg/kg) for 45 days. The results indicated Ant at 40 mg/kg effectively suppressed the plasma levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, uric acid, glucose, and insulin; upregulated leptin, adiponectin, pAMPK, Sirt1, and down-regulated PPARγ and SREBP-1c. Conclusively, Ant effectively alleviates NAFLD via AMPK/Sirt1/CREBP-1c/PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan; (H.-F.W.); (W.-J.Z.)
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan; (H.-F.W.); (W.-J.Z.)
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Biotechnology Center, 60, Sec 3, Longgang Rd., Chung-Li City, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan;
| | - Shiau-Huei Huang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11301, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Health, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
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Rebello CJ, Greenway FL. Obesity medications in development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:63-71. [PMID: 31847611 PMCID: PMC6990416 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1705277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is compounded by a neurobiology that is resistant to weight loss. Therefore, the development of pharmacotherapies to address the pathology underlying the dysregulation of energy homeostasis is critical.Areas covered: This review examines selected clinical trial evidence for the pharmacologic treatment of obesity and provides an expert opinion on anti-obesity drug development. The article includes the outcomes of anti-obesity medications that have been evaluated in clinical trials but have not yet received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The mechanisms of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and co-agonists, diabetes medications being investigated for weight loss, and medications acting on the central nervous system as well as peripherally are reviewed. A search was conducted on PubMed using the terms 'Obesity AND Medications' restricted to clinical trials reported in English. Using similar terms, a search was also conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov.Expert opinion: The goal of anti-obesity therapy is finding compounds that are effective and have minimal side effects. Combining medications targeting more than one of the redundant mechanisms driving obesity increases efficacy. However, targeting peripheral mechanisms to overcome the trickle-down effects of centrally acting drugs may be the key to success in treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida J. Rebello
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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164
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Luo X, He Z, Sun X, Gu X, Zhang W, Gao J, Li X, Jia R, Wei J, Yu Y, Luo X. DHA Protects Against Hepatic Steatosis by Activating Sirt1 in a High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:185-196. [PMID: 32158242 PMCID: PMC6985984 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22; n-3) shows beneficial effects on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Deacetylase Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) was reported to increase energy metabolism and decrease lipogenesis. Here, we investigated whether DHA plays a role in protecting against hepatic steatosis via Sirt1. MAIN METHODS Both in vivo and in vitro hepatic steatosis models were used: diet-induced obesity (DIO) model (middle-aged C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD)) and palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipid accumulation cell model (HepG2 cells). KEY FINDINGS In DIO mice, treatment with DHA (gavage supplementation) for 8 weeks not only inhibited the lipid accumulation, but also increased fatty acids (FA) oxidation and induced triglyceride export in liver. These changes were accompanied by attenuation of inflammation. Moreover, DHA reversed the HFD-induced reduction of Sirt1 in liver. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of DHA were reversed by lentivirus-mediated Sirt1 knockdown, accompanied with increased expression of markers of lipogenesis, inflammation and reduced FA oxidation. In HepG2 cells, DHA prevented the accumulation of PA-induced lipid droplets, the decrease of FA oxidation and the reduction of Sirt1 level. Inhibition of Sirt1 by sirtinol partially reversed the beneficial effects of DHA on PA-treated cells. SIGNIFICANCE DHA alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced inflammation of liver in obese middle-aged mice by mechanisms involving Sirt1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangya He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Jia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoqin Luo Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-29-82655111 Email
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165
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Díaz-Hirashi Z, Gao T, Verdeguer F. Metabolic Reprogramming and Signaling to Chromatin Modifications in Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:225-241. [PMID: 32130702 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular proliferation relies on a high energetic status, replenished through nutrient intake, that leads to the production of biosynthetic material. A communication between the energetic levels and the control of gene expression is essential to engage in cell division. Multiple nutrient and metabolic sensing mechanisms in cells control transcriptional responses through cell signaling cascades that activate specific transcription factors associated with a concomitant regulation of the chromatin state. In addition to this canonical axis, gene expression could be directly influenced by the fluctuation of specific key intermediary metabolites of central metabolic pathways which are also donors or cofactors of histone and DNA modifications. This alternative axis represents a more direct connection between nutrients and the epigenome function. Cancer cells are highly energetically demanding to sustain proliferation. To reach their energetic demands, cancer cells rewire metabolic pathways. Recent discoveries show that perturbations of metabolic pathways in cancer cells have a direct impact on the epigenome. In this chapter, the interaction between metabolic driven changes of transcriptional programs in the context of tumorigenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zyanya Díaz-Hirashi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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166
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Yu J, Li J, He S, Xu L, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Gong D, Gu Z. Sirt1 regulates the expression of critical metabolic genes in chicken hepatocytes. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Studies in mammals show that SIRT1 plays an important role in many biological processes including liver metabolism through histone and non-histone deacetylation. Little is known about the function of Sirt1 in the chicken.
Aims
The current study investigated the expression pattern of Sirt1 mRNA in the chicken and its functions in the chicken liver.
Methods
In this work, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the expression levels of Sirt1 mRNA in major chicken organs and tissue types, siRNA to knock down Sirt1 expression in primary chicken hepatocytes, RNA sequencing to identify gene-expression changes induced by Sirt1 knockdown, and analysed the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology analysis.
Key results
In total, 86 DEGs were found between Sirt1 knockdown and control chicken hepatocytes, of which 63 genes were downregulated and 23 genes were upregulated by Sirt1 knockdown. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that 24 DEGs were involved in metabolism. Seven DEGs were involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Conclusions
The present study showed that Sirt1 regulates the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and many other biological processes in the chicken liver.
Implications
The results of the present study imply that Sirt1 has various functions in the chicken liver and that Sirt1 plays a potentially important role in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the chicken.
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167
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Najt CP, Khan SA, Heden TD, Witthuhn BA, Perez M, Heier JL, Mead LE, Franklin MP, Karanja KK, Graham MJ, Mashek MT, Bernlohr DA, Parker L, Chow LS, Mashek DG. Lipid Droplet-Derived Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Traffic via PLIN5 to Allosterically Activate SIRT1. Mol Cell 2019; 77:810-824.e8. [PMID: 31901447 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) provide a reservoir for triacylglycerol storage and are a central hub for fatty acid trafficking and signaling in cells. Lipolysis promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism via a SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα-dependent pathway through an unknown mechanism. Herein, we identify that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) allosterically activate SIRT1 toward select peptide-substrates such as PGC-1α. MUFAs enhance PGC-1α/PPARα signaling and promote oxidative metabolism in cells and animal models in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Moreover, we characterize the LD protein perilipin 5 (PLIN5), which is known to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function, to be a fatty-acid-binding protein that preferentially binds LD-derived monounsaturated fatty acids and traffics them to the nucleus following cAMP/PKA-mediated lipolytic stimulation. Thus, these studies identify the first-known endogenous allosteric modulators of SIRT1 and characterize a LD-nuclear signaling axis that underlies the known metabolic benefits of MUFAs and PLIN5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Salmaan A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D Heden
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bruce A Witthuhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Minervo Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason L Heier
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linnea E Mead
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mallory P Franklin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth K Karanja
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Mara T Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laurie Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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168
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Liu L, Xie B, Fan M, Candas-Green D, Jiang JX, Wei R, Wang Y, Chen HW, Hu Y, Li JJ. Low-Level Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate Benefits Liver Cells by Boosting Mitochondrial Metabolism via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 Cascade. Dev Cell 2019; 52:196-209.e9. [PMID: 31866205 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (the "bad" fat), especially palmitate (PA), in the human diet are blamed for potential health risks such as obesity and cancer because of SFA-induced lipotoxicity. However, epidemiological results demonstrate a latent benefit of SFAs, and it remains elusive whether a certain low level of SFAs is physiologically essential for maintaining cell metabolic hemostasis. Here, we demonstrate that although high-level PA (HPA) indeed induces lipotoxic effects in liver cells, low-level PA (LPA) increases mitochondrial functions and alleviates the injuries induced by HPA or hepatoxic agent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). LPA treatment in mice enhanced liver mitochondrial activity and reduced CCl4 hepatotoxicity with improved blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and mitochondrial aspartate transaminase (m-AST). LPA-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by CDK1-mediated SIRT3 phosphorylation, which in turn deacetylates and dimerizes CPT2 to enhance fatty acid oxidation. Thus, an advantageous effect is suggested by the consumption of LPA that augments mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguan Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Demet Candas-Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joy X Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguan Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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169
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Swimming training by affecting the pancreatic Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and oxidative stress, improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic male rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 40:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2019-0011/hmbci-2019-0011.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSirtuin1 is a regulator of oxidative stress involved in the management of diabetes complications. Due to the beneficial effects of swimming training in diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming training on pancreatic Sirtuin1, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic male rats.Materials and methodsTwenty-eight male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, swim trained and swim trained diabetic rats (n = 7). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection [35/kg intraperitoneally]. After 72 hours, animals with blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Seven days after the induction of diabetes, animals in the exercise groups were subjected to swimming training (60 min/daily, 5 days/week) for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the animals were anesthetized, and tissue/blood samples were prepared for measurements of metabolic parameters, albumin, the Sitruin1 gene and its protein expression levels, oxidative stress and histological study.ResultsThis study indicated that the diabetic rats had a significant decrease (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) in pancreatic Sitruin1 gene and its protein expression levels, antioxidant enzymes, serum albumin, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, but a significant increase (p < 0.01) in malondialdehyde level. Swimming training resulted in a considerable improvement (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) in pancreatic Sitruin1 gene and its protein expression levels, antioxidant enzymes, serum levels of albumin and metabolic parameters. In addition, histological findings indicated the beta-cells conservation.ConclusionsThis study suggested that pancreatic Sitruin1 may be a promising therapeutic target for diabetic complications.
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170
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Samimi F, Baazm M, Eftekhar E, Rajabi S, Goodarzi MT, Jalali Mashayekhi F. Possible antioxidant mechanism of coenzyme Q10 in diabetes: impact on Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:524-533. [PMID: 32038732 PMCID: PMC6937743 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.272561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major complication in diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate potential antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rat and unraveling its mechanism of action by focusing on silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression level. Furthermore, the activity of two Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the liver of diabetic rats was studied. After induction of diabetes in rats using streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), rats were divided into five groups of six each. Groups 1 and 2 (healthy control groups) were injected with isotonic saline or sesame oil; group 3 received Co Q10 (10 mg /Kg /day), group 4, as a diabetic control, received sesame oil; and group 5 was diabetic rats treated with Co Q10. Afterwards, serum and liver samples were collected, and oxidative stress markers, lipid profile, as well as the expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2 genes were measured. Diabetes induction significantly reduced expression level of Sirt1 and Nrf2 mRNAs and also declined catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, and total thiol groups levels in diabetic group in comparison to healthy controls, while a significant increase was found in the levels of malondialdehyde and lipid profile. Co Q10 treatment significantly up-regulated Sirt1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels along with an increase in catalase activity in diabetic group as compared with untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, Co Q10 caused a marked decrease in malondialdehyde levels and significantly improved lipid profile. Our data demonstrated that Co Q10 may exert its antioxidant activity in diabetes through the induction of Sirt1/Nrf2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I.R. Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I.R. Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, I.R. Iran
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran
| | - Farideh Jalali Mashayekhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I.R. Iran.,Research Center and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, I.R. Iran
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171
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IURA S, OJIMA Y, AMAKURA Y, YOSHIMURA M, SAWAMOTO A, OKUYAMA S, FURUKAWA Y, NAKAJIMA M. T-cell activation-inhibitory assay: a proposed novel method for screening caloric restriction mimetics. Biomed Res 2019; 40:235-241. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu IURA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yuusei OJIMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yoshiaki AMAKURA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Morio YOSHIMURA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Atsushi SAWAMOTO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Satoshi OKUYAMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yoshiko FURUKAWA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Mitsunari NAKAJIMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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172
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Dichotomous Sirtuins: Implications for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1021-1039. [PMID: 31704173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are central regulators of metabolic homeostasis and stress responses. While numerous salutary effects associated with sirtuin activation, especially SIRT1, are well documented, other reports show health benefits resulting from sirtuin inhibition. Furthermore, conflicting findings have been obtained regarding the pathophysiological role of specific sirtuin isoforms, suggesting that sirtuins act as 'double-edged swords'. Here, we provide an integrated overview of the different findings on the role of mammalian sirtuins in neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders and attempt to dissect the reasons behind these different effects. Finally, we discuss how addressing these obstacles may provide a better understanding of the complex sirtuin biology and improve the likelihood of identifying effective and selective drug targets for a variety of human disorders.
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173
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Batra T, Malik I, Kumar V. Illuminated night alters behaviour and negatively affects physiology and metabolism in diurnal zebra finches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112916. [PMID: 31376605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Light at night (LAN) negatively impacts the behaviour and physiology; however, very little is known about molecular correlates of LAN-induced effects in diurnal animals. Here, we assessed LAN-induced effects on behaviour and physiology, and examined molecular changes in the liver of diurnal zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Birds were exposed to dim LAN (dLAN: 12L = 150 lux: 12D = 5 lux), with controls on 12L (150 lux): 12D (0 lux). dLAN altered daily activity-rest and eating patterns, induced nocturnal eating and caused body fattening and weight gain, and reduced nocturnal melatonin levels. Concomitant increased nighttime glucose levels, decreased daytime thyroxine and triglycerides levels, and hepatic lipid accumulation suggested the impairment of metabolism under dLAN. Transcriptional assays evidenced dLAN-induced negative effects on metabolism in the liver, the site of metabolic homeostasis. Particularly, increased g6pc and foxo1 mRNA expressions suggested an enhanced gluconeogenesis, while increased egr1 and star expressions suggested enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism, respectively. Similarly, overexpressed sirt1 indicated protection from the metabolic damage due to elevated gluconeogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis under dLAN. However, no effect on genes involved in lipogenesis (fasn) and insulin signalling pathway (socs3 and insig1) might indicate for the post transcriptional/post translational modification effects or the involvement of other genetic pathways in LAN-induced effects. We also found daily rhythm in the hepatic expression of selected clock and clock-controlled genes (per2, bmal1 and reverb-beta), with an elevated mesor and amplitude of per2 oscillation, suggesting a role of per2 in the liver metabolism. These results demonstrate dLAN-induced negative effects on the behaviour and physiology, and provide molecular insights into metabolic risks of the exposure to illuminated nights to diurnal animals including humans in an urban setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Batra
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Indu Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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174
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Cassereau J, Chevrollier A, Codron P, Goizet C, Gueguen N, Verny C, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Lenaers G, Procaccio V. Oxidative stress contributes differentially to the pathophysiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2K. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113069. [PMID: 31655048 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common inherited peripheral neuropathy. The CMT2K axonal form is associated with GDAP1 dominant mutations, which according to the affected domain cause a gradient of severity. Indeed, the p.C240Y mutation, located within GDAP1 glutathione S-transferase (GST) domain and associated to a mitochondrial complex I defect, is related to a faster disease progression, compared to other mutations, such as the p.R120W located outside the GST domain. Here, we analysed the pathophysiology of six CMT2K fibroblast cell lines, carrying either the p.C240Y or p.R120W mutations. We show that complex I deficiency leads to a redox potential alteration and a significant reduction of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, a major deacetylase sensitive to the cellular redox state, and NRF1 the downstream target of SIRT1. In addition, we disclosed that the p.C240Y mutation is associated with a greater mitochondrial oxidative stress than the p.R120W mutation. Moreover, complex I activity is further restored in CMT2K mutant cell lines exposed to resveratrol. Together, these results suggest that the reduction of oxidative stress may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for CMT2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cassereau
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France.
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Pellegrin, University Hospital of Bordeaux and Laboratoire, MRGM, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Christophe Verny
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
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175
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Paraíso AF, Sousa JN, Andrade JMO, Mangabeira ES, Lelis DDF, de Paula AMB, Martins AMEBL, Lima WJN, Guimarães ALS, Melo GA, Schwarz M, Santos SHS. Oral gallic acid improves metabolic profile by modulating SIRT1 expression in obese mice brown adipose tissue: A molecular and bioinformatic approach. Life Sci 2019; 237:116914. [PMID: 31622606 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the presente study was to examine the effects of oral gallic acid (GA) administration on the brown adipose tissue of obese mice fed with high-fat diet. New mechanisms and interactions pathways in thermogenesis were accessed through bioinformatics analyses. MAIN METHODS Swiss male mice were divided into four groups and fed during 60 days with: standard diet, standard diet combined with gallic acid, high-fat diet and high-fat diet combined with gallic acid. Body weight, food intake, and blood parameters (glucose tolerance test, total-cholesterol, high-density low-c, triglyceride and glucose levels) were evaluated. Brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissue histological analysis were performed. SIRT1 and PGC1-α mRNA expression in the brown adipose tissue were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Our main findings showed that the gallic acid improved glucose tolerance and metabolic parameters. These results were accompanied by bioinformatics analyses that evidenced SIRT1 as main target in the thermogenesis process, confirmed as increased SIRT1 mRNA expression was evidenced in the brown adipose tissue. SIGNIFICANCE Together, the data suggest that the gallic acid effect in brown adipose tissue may improve body metabolism, glucose homeostasis and increase thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Fernandes Paraíso
- Departament of Nursing, Faculdades Santo Agostinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Departament of Nursing, Faculdades Santo Agostinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloá Santos Mangabeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - William James Nogueira Lima
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Aclécio Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Biology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michaela Schwarz
- Department of Transplantation Surgery and Section for Surgical Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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176
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Abstract
The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacylases (SIRT1-7) are thought to be responsible, in large part, for the cardiometabolic benefits of lean diets and exercise and when upregulated can delay key aspects of aging. SIRT1, for example, protects against a decline in vascular endothelial function, metabolic syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, obesity, and cardiomyopathy, and SIRT3 is protective against dyslipidemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. With increasing age, however, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and sirtuin activity steadily decrease, and the decline is further exacerbated by obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Activation of sirtuins or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion induces angiogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and other health benefits in a wide range of age-related cardiovascular and metabolic disease models. Human clinical trials testing agents that activate SIRT1 or boost nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels are in progress and show promise in their ability to improve the health of cardiovascular and metabolic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.E.K., D.A.S.)
| | - David A Sinclair
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.E.K., D.A.S.).,Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (D.A.S.)
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177
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Farcas M, Gavrea AA, Gulei D, Ionescu C, Irimie A, Catana CS, Berindan-Neagoe I. SIRT1 in the Development and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Nutr 2019; 6:148. [PMID: 31608282 PMCID: PMC6773871 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Current treatment options for inoperable HCCs have decreased therapeutic efficacy and are associated with systemic toxicity and chemoresistance. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent enzyme that is frequently overexpressed in HCC, where it promotes tumorigenicity, metastasis, and chemoresistance. SIRT1 also maintains the tumorigenic and self-renewal proprieties of liver cancer stem cells. Multiple tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) are downregulated in HCC and, as a consequence, permit SIRT1-induced tumorigenicity. However, either directly targeting SIRT1, combining conventional chemotherapy with SIRT1 inhibitors, or upregulating tumor-suppressive miRNAs may improve therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. Here, we present the interaction between SIRT1, miRNAs, and liver cancer stem cells and discuss the consequences of their interplay for the development and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Farcas
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Gavrea
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Ionescu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,5th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţǎ", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina S Catana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuţǎ", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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178
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Manna D, Bhuyan R, Saikh F, Ghosh S, Basak J, Ghosh R. Novel 1,4-dihydropyridine induces apoptosis in human cancer cells through overexpression of Sirtuin1. Apoptosis 2019; 23:532-553. [PMID: 30203236 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are important as a class of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit wide range of biological actions. Many of its derivatives are already characterized as medicinally important drugs and used worldwide. In this study, we have screened some novel Hantzsch 1,4-DHP compounds using both in silico (QSAR and Pharmacophore) and in vitro (cytotoxic screening). 1,4-DHP showed selective cytotoxicity against five human cancerous cell lines; A375, A549, HeLa, HepG2 and SH-SY5Y but limited effect towards normal skin keratinocyte (HaCaT), lung fibroblast (WL-38) and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In A375 and HepG2 cells, one of the 1,4-DHP derivative (DHP-8) was found to inhibit cell proliferation, and simultaneously increased the apoptotic population as well as mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Furthermore, the mitochondrial signal was triggered with the activation of cleaved Caspase9, Caspase3 and PARP. The treatment with DHP-8 also increased the expression level of SIRT1, subsequently decreasing the level of pAKTser473 and survivin. Reduced pAKTser473 expression led to decrease the phosphorylated inactive form of GSK3βser9 and as a result, proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 occurred in both the cell lines. Here, we suggest that the apoptotic effect of DHP-8 in A375 and HepG2 cells was mediated by AKT and survivin pathways through SIRT1 activation. The involvement of DHP-8 in SIRT1 activation was further verified by co-treatment of nicotinamide with DHP-8 in both A375 and HepG2 cells. Overall, this study emphasizes the possible potential and therapeutic role of DHP-8 in skin and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashri Manna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Rajabrata Bhuyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Forid Saikh
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.,Kharagpur College, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721305, India
| | - Somnath Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Jayasri Basak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
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179
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Li CX, Gao JG, Wan XY, Chen Y, Xu CF, Feng ZM, Zeng H, Lin YM, Ma H, Xu P, Yu CH, Li YM. Allyl isothiocyanate ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5120-5133. [PMID: 31558861 PMCID: PMC6747284 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i34.5120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent, was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. However, little is known about its direct impact on the liver.
AIM To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AITC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (commonly referred to as NAFLD).
METHODS To establish a mouse and cellular model of NAFLD, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 wk, and AML-12 cells were treated with 200 μM palmitate acid for 24 h. For AITC treatment, mice were administered AITC (100 mg/kg/d) orally and AML-12 cells were treated with AITC (20 μmol/L).
RESULTS AITC significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly reduced in AITC-treated mice. Mechanistically, AITC significantly downregulated the protein levels of sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its lipogenesis target genes and upregulated the levels of proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as the upstream mediators Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), in the livers of HFD-fed mice. AITC also attenuated the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Consistently, AITC relieved palmitate acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in AML-12 cells in vitro through the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Importantly, further studies showed that the curative effect of AITC on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPKα in AML-12 cells.
CONCLUSION AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Yong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze-Min Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao-Hui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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180
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Guarino M, Dufour JF. Nicotinamide and NAFLD: Is There Nothing New Under the Sun? Metabolites 2019; 9:E180. [PMID: 31510030 PMCID: PMC6780119 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has a critical role in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. Its importance has been established early with the discovery of NAD's therapeutic role for pellagra. This review addresses some of the recent findings on NAD physiopathology and their effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis, which need to be considered in the search for a better therapeutic approach. Reduced NAD concentrations contribute to the dysmetabolic imbalance and consequently to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this perspective, the dietary supplementation or the pharmacological modulation of NAD levels appear to be an attractive strategy. These reviewed studies open the doors to growing interest in NAD metabolism for NAFLD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Future rigorous clinical studies in humans will be necessary to validate these preliminary but promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guarino
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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181
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Hoseini A, Namazi G, Farrokhian A, Reiner Ž, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F, Asemi Z. The effects of resveratrol on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Food Funct 2019; 10:6042-6051. [PMID: 31486447 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed with 56 patients having T2DM and CHD. The patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive either 500 mg resveratrol per day (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28) for 4 weeks. Resveratrol reduced fasting glucose (β-10.04 mg dL-1; 95% CI, -18.23, -1.86; P = 0.01), insulin (β-1.09 μIU mL-1; 95% CI, -1.93, -0.24; P = 0.01) and insulin resistance (β-0.48; 95% CI, -0.76, -0.21; P = 0.001) and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.01; P = 0.02) when compared with the placebo. Resveratrol also significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels (β 3.38 mg dL-1; 95% CI, 1.72, 5.05; P < 0.001) and significantly decreased the total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β-0.36; 95% CI, -0.59, -0.13; P = 0.002) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, resveratrol caused a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 58.88 mmol L-1; 95% CI, 17.33, 100.44; P = 0.006) and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β-0.21 μmol L-1; 95% CI, -0.41, -0.005; P = 0.04) when compared with the placebo. Resveratrol upregulated PPAR-γ (P = 0.01) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) (P = 0.01) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T2DM patients with CHD. Resveratrol supplementation did not have any effect on inflammatory markers. Four-week supplementation of resveratrol in patients with T2DM and CHD had beneficial effects on glycemic control, HDL-cholesterol levels, the total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAC and MDA levels. Resveratrol also upregulated PPAR-γ and SIRT1 in the PBMCs of T2DM patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hoseini
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Namazi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Farrokhian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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182
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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183
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Caslin HL, Hasty AH. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Immunometabolism Converge: Perspectives on Future Research and Therapeutic Development for Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:210-219. [PMID: 30919312 PMCID: PMC6661206 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research over the past decade has shown that immunologic and metabolic pathways are intricately linked. This burgeoning field of immunometabolism includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is known to be associated with obesity-accelerated metabolic disease. Intrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of fuel utilization and bioenergetic pathways that influence immune cell function. Extrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of immune cells and products that influence systemic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Th2 immunity, macrophage iron handling, adaptive immune memory, and epigenetic regulation of immunity, which all require intrinsic metabolic changes, play a role in systemic metabolism and metabolic function, linking the two arms of immunometabolism. Together, this suggests that targeting intrinsic immunometabolism can directly affect immune function and ultimately systemic metabolism. We highlight important questions for future basic research that will help improve translational research and provide therapeutic targets to help establish new treatments for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Caslin
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 813 Light Hall, 23rd Ave. South and Pierce, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 813 Light Hall, 23rd Ave. South and Pierce, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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184
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Palmeira CM, Teodoro JS, Amorim JA, Steegborn C, Sinclair DA, Rolo AP. Mitohormesis and metabolic health: The interplay between ROS, cAMP and sirtuins. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:483-491. [PMID: 31349039 PMCID: PMC6718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The key role of mitochondria in oxidative metabolism and redox homeostasis explains the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of metabolic disorders. Mitochondria's highly dynamic nature, based on alterations in biogenesis, mitophagy, fusion and fission, allows adjusting sequential redox reactions of the electron transport chain (ETC) and dissipation of the membrane potential by ATP synthase, to different environmental cues. With reactive oxygen species being an inevitable by-product of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), alterations on mitochondrial oxidative rate with a consequent excessive load of reactive oxygen species have been traditionally associated with pathological conditions. However, reactive oxygen species have also been suggested as promoters of mitohormesis, a process in which low, non-cytotoxic concentrations of reactive oxygen species promote mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, signaling systems involved in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis are attractive candidates for drug development for metabolic diseases triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. Reversible phosphorylation downstream the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cascade and deacetylation mediated by sirtuins are recognized as major mitochondrial regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marques Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Soeiro Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Alves Amorim
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anabela Pinto Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Abstract
The cause of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not limited to impaired insulin signalling but also involves the complex interplay of multiple metabolic pathways. The analysis of large data sets generated by metabolomics and lipidomics has shed new light on the roles of metabolites such as lipids, amino acids and bile acids in modulating insulin sensitivity. Metabolites can regulate insulin sensitivity directly by modulating components of the insulin signalling pathway, such as insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and AKT, and indirectly by altering the flux of substrates through multiple metabolic pathways, including lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, protein synthesis and degradation and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the post-translational modification of proteins by metabolites and lipids, including acetylation and palmitoylation, can alter protein function. Furthermore, the role of the microbiota in regulating substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity is unfolding. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of metabolites in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolic adaptations involved in insulin resistance may enable the identification of novel targets for improving insulin sensitivity and preventing, and treating, T2DM.
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186
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Peng J, Xiong J, Cui C, Huang N, Zhang H, Wu X, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wei H, Peng J. Maternal Eicosapentaenoic Acid Feeding Decreases Placental Lipid Deposition and Improves the Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress Through a Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) Independent Manner. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900343. [PMID: 31408587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Maternal obesity has been associated with increased placental lipotoxicity and impaired mitochondrial function. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an important regulator of both lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The present study aims to determine whether supplementation of the maternal diet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can decrease placental lipid deposition and improve antioxidant ability, in a SIRT1-dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant SIRT1+/- mice (mated with male SIRT1+/- ) are fed a high-fat diet consisting of 60% of the kcal from fat, or an equienergy EPA diet for 18.5 d. Supplementation with EPA significantly changes maternal plasma, placental and fetal fatty acid composition, and decreases placental and fetal lipid content. In addition, placental antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation products are increased, placental uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PPARγ coactivator-1 α (PGC1α) expression are activated, and mitochondrial swelling decreases. While SIRT1 deficiency has little effect on placental fatty acid composition and lipid content, decreased fetal lipid deposition is observed, placental PGC1α expression decreases, mitochondrial swelling increases, and placental total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity increases. Both EPA and SIRT1 have no effect on BODIPY-FL-C16 uptake. Interestingly, there is no significant interaction between diet and genotype. CONCLUSION Maternal EPA feeding decreases placental lipid deposition and improves placental oxidative stress homeostasis independent of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - XiaoYu Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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187
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Chang AR, Ferrer CM, Mostoslavsky R. SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:145-169. [PMID: 31437090 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins have emerged in recent years as critical modulators of multiple biological processes, regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biology. As such, they evolved to play key roles in organismal homeostasis, and defects in these proteins have been linked to a plethora of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of SIRT6, a chromatin deacylase with unique and important functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. We attempt to provide a framework for such different functions, for the ability of SIRT6 to interconnect chromatin dynamics with metabolism and DNA repair, and the open questions the field will face in the future, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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188
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Collin de l'Hortet A, Takeishi K, Guzman-Lepe J, Morita K, Achreja A, Popovic B, Wang Y, Handa K, Mittal A, Meurs N, Zhu Z, Weinberg F, Salomon M, Fox IJ, Deng CX, Nagrath D, Soto-Gutierrez A. Generation of Human Fatty Livers Using Custom-Engineered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Modifiable SIRT1 Metabolism. Cell Metab 2019; 30:385-401.e9. [PMID: 31390551 PMCID: PMC6691905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which steatosis of the liver progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and end-stage liver disease remain elusive. Metabolic derangements in hepatocytes controlled by SIRT1 play a role in the development of fatty liver in inbred animals. The ability to perform similar studies using human tissue has been limited by the genetic variability in man. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with controllable expression of SIRT1. By differentiating edited iPSCs into hepatocytes and knocking down SIRT1, we found increased fatty acid biosynthesis that exacerbates fat accumulation. To model human fatty livers, we repopulated decellularized rat livers with human mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and human SIRT1 knockdown iPSC-derived hepatocytes and found that the human iPSC-derived liver tissue developed macrosteatosis, acquired proinflammatory phenotype, and shared a similar lipid and metabolic profiling to human fatty livers. Biofabrication of genetically edited human liver tissue may become an important tool for investigating human liver biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jorge Guzman-Lepe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Morita
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Handa
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anjali Mittal
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank Weinberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ira J Fox
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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189
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Raffaele M, Carota G, Sferrazzo G, Licari M, Barbagallo I, Sorrenti V, Signorelli SS, Vanella L. Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase Antioxidant Activity Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080277. [PMID: 31387260 PMCID: PMC6719023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the development of hepatic fibrosis is caused by changes in redox balance, leading to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAFLD patients are at risk of progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease and stroke. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent endogenous antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present work was directed to determine whether use of an inhibitor of HO-1 activity affects lipid metabolism and fibrosis process in hepatic cells. Oil Red assay and mRNA analysis were used to evaluate the triglycerides content and the lipid metabolism pathway in HepG2 cells. ROS measurement, RT-PCR and Soluble collagen assay were used to assess the intracellular oxidant, the fibrosis pathway and the soluble collagen in LX2 cells. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using Tin Mesoporphyrin IX (SnMP). Our study demonstrates that a non-functional HO system results in an increased lipid storage and collagen release in hepatocytes. Consequently, an increase of HO-1 levels may provide a therapeutic approach to address the metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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190
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Savran M, Asci H, Ozmen O, Erzurumlu Y, Savas HB, Sonmez Y, Sahin Y. Melatonin protects the heart and endothelium against high fructose corn syrup consumption-induced cardiovascular toxicity via SIRT-1 signaling. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1212-1223. [PMID: 31256681 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119860188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been shown to cause cardiovascular toxicity via oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the protective effects of melatonin (MLT) against HFCS-induced endothelial and cardiac dysfunction via oxidative stress and inflammation. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley male rats were distributed into three groups as control, HFCS, and HFCS + MLT. HFCS form F55 was prepared as 20% fructose syrup solution and given to the rats through drinking water for 10 weeks, and MLT administrated 10 mg/kg/day orally for last 6 weeks in addition to F55. After decapitation, blood and half of the heart samples were collected for biochemical analysis and other half of the tissues for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index, and caspase-3 levels increased and total antioxidant status levels decreased significantly in HFCS group. MLT treatment reversed all these parameters. Histopathologically, hyperemia, endothelial cell damage and increased levels of angiogenin, C-reactive protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, myeloperoxidase and decreased sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) expressions were observed in HFCS group. MLT ameliorated all these changes. MLT has an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic effects on HFCS-induced cardiovascular toxicity through enhancing the expression of SIRT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Savran
- 1 Department of Pharmacology/IDAL Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H Asci
- 1 Department of Pharmacology/IDAL Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - O Ozmen
- 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Y Erzurumlu
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H B Savas
- 4 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Y Sonmez
- 5 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Y Sahin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology/IDAL Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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191
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Ae Yoon N, Park J, Yeon Jeong J, Rashidova N, Ryu J, Seob Roh G, Joon Kim H, Jae Cho G, Sung Choi W, Hoon Lee D, Soo Kang S. Anti-obesity Activity of Ethanol Extract from Bitter Melon in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Dev Reprod 2019; 23:129-138. [PMID: 31321353 PMCID: PMC6635615 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In many cases, obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Recently, natural compounds that may be beneficial for improving obesity have received increasing attention. Bitter melon has received attention as a diabetes treatment. NAD+-dependent deacetylase (Sirtuin 1, SIRT1) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. In this study, ethanol extract of bitter melon (BME) suppressed adipocyte differentiation and significantly increased the expression of SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, it enhanced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed induced-obesity mice, BME suppressed HFD-induced increases in body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. BME also increased the expression of SIRT1 and suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 expressions of WAT from HFD-fed mice. These findings suggest that BME prevents obesity by activating the SIRT1 and AMPK pathway and that it may be a useful dietary supplement for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nal Ae Yoon
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Juyeong Park
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Jeong
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Nilufar Rashidova
- Tashkent Medical Academy, Farabi Street 2, Tashkent 700109, Uzbekistan
| | - Jinhyun Ryu
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Dept. of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, In-stitute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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192
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Elafibranor Inhibits Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in NASH Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6740616. [PMID: 31321239 PMCID: PMC6607733 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6740616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of new pharmacological approaches to inhibit the excessive fat intake-induced steatohepatitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatohepatitis and CKD share common pathogenesis involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -δ. Elafibranor, a dual PPARα/δ agonist, can ameliorate the HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Nonetheless, the effects of HFD-induced CKD had not yet explored. This study investigated the effects of elafibranor (elaf) on the progression of HFD-induced CKD in mice. In vivo and in vitro renal effects were evaluated in HFD-elaf mice receiving 12 weeks of elafibranor (from 13th to 24th week of HFD feeding) treatment. In elafibranor-treated HFD mice, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced obesity and body fat mass, decreased severity of steatohepatitis, increased renal expression of PPARα, PPARδ, SIRT1, and autophagy (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) as well as glomerular/renal tubular barrier markers [synaptopodin (podocyte marker), zona occludin-1, and cubulin], reduced renal oxidative stress and caspase-3, and less urinary 8-isoprostanes excretion were observed. Aforementioned benefits of elafibranor were associated with low renal tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis scores, less albuminuria, low urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and preserved glomerular filtration rate. Acute incubation of podocytes and HK-2 cells with elafibranor or recombinant SIRT1 reversed the HFD-sera-induced oxidative stress, autophagy dysfunction, cell apoptosis, barrier marker loss, albumin endocytosis, and reuptake reduction. Besides hepatoprotective and metabolic beneficial effects, current study showed that elafibranor inhibited the progression of HFD-induced CKD through activation of renal PPARα, PPARδ, SIRT1, autophagy, reduction of oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mice with steatohepatitis.
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193
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Connell NJ, Houtkooper RH, Schrauwen P. NAD + metabolism as a target for metabolic health: have we found the silver bullet? Diabetologia 2019; 62:888-899. [PMID: 30772929 PMCID: PMC6509089 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ has gone in and out of fashion within the scientific community a number of times since its discovery in the early 1900s. Over the last decade, NAD+ has emerged as a potential target for combatting metabolic disturbances and the mitochondrial dysfunction that is mediated through sirtuin (SIRT) enzymes. The beneficial metabolic effects of the NAD+/SIRT axis have triggered an increased interest in NAD+ as an enhancer of energy metabolism. As a result, a myriad of publications have focused on NAD+ metabolism, with the majority of the work having been performed using in vitro models, and in vivo work largely consisting of interventions in Caenorhabditis elegans and rodents. Human intervention trials, on the other hand, are scarce. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art on influencing NAD+ metabolism in humans and to set the stage for what the future of this exciting field may hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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194
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Choi I, Rickert E, Fernandez M, Webster NJG. SIRT1 in Astrocytes Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Reproductive Function. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1547-1560. [PMID: 31127273 PMCID: PMC6542483 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is an NAD-dependent class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, evidence suggests that SIRT1 in neurons plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and reproduction, but no studies have addressed the contribution of astrocytes. We show here that overexpression of SIRT1 in astrocytes causes markedly increased food intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, but expression of a deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant decreases food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance, particularly in female mice. Paradoxically, the effect of these SIRT1 mutants on insulin tolerance was reversed, with overexpression showing greater insulin sensitivity. The mice overexpressing SIRT1 were more active, generated more heat, and had elevated oxygen consumption, possibly in compensation for the increased food intake. The female overexpressing mice were also more sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Reproductively, the mice expressing the deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant had impaired estrous cycles, decreased LH surges, and fewer corpora lutea, indicating decreased ovulation. The GnRH neurons were responsive to kisspeptin stimulation, but hypothalamic expression of Kiss1 was reduced in the mutant mice. Our results showed that SIRT1 signaling in astrocytes can contribute to metabolic and reproductive regulation independent of SIRT1 effects in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Choi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Emily Rickert
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marina Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Nicholas J. G. Webster, PhD, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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195
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Salsalate ameliorates the atherosclerotic response through HO-1- and SIRT1-mediated suppression of ER stress and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:655-663. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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196
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Ding Y, Han Y, Lu Q, An J, Zhu H, Xie Z, Song P, Zou MH. Peroxynitrite-Mediated SIRT (Sirtuin)-1 Inactivation Contributes to Nicotine-Induced Arterial Stiffness in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1419-1431. [PMID: 31092012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Inhibition of SIRT (sirtuin)-1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase, is linked to cigarette smoking-induced arterial stiffness, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, on SIRT1 activity and arterial stiffness. Approach and Results- Arterial stiffness, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) formation, SIRT1 expression and activity were monitored in mouse aortas of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice (wild-type) or Sirt1-overexpressing ( Sirt1 Super) mice with or without nicotine for 4 weeks. In aortas of wild-type mice, nicotine reduced SIRT1 protein and activity by ≈50% without affecting its mRNA levels. In those from Sirt1 Super mice, nicotine also markedly reduced SIRT1 protein and activity to the levels that were comparable to those in wild-type mice. Nicotine infusion significantly induced collagen I, fibronectin, and arterial stiffness in wild-type but not Sirt1 Super mice. Nicotine increased the levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the co-staining of SIRT1 and 3-nitrotyrosine, a footprint of ONOO- in aortas. Tempol, which ablated ONOO- by scavenging superoxide anion, reduced the effects of nicotine on SIRT1 and collagen. Mutation of zinc-binding cysteine 395 or 398 in SIRT1 into serine (C395S) or (C398S) abolished SIRT1 activity. Furthermore, ONOO- dose-dependently inhibited the enzyme and increased zinc release in recombinant SIRT1. Finally, we found SIRT1 inactivation by ONOO- activated the YAP (Yes-associated protein) resulting in abnormal ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling. Conclusions- Nicotine induces ONOO-, which selectively inhibits SIRT1 resulting in a YAP-mediated ECM remodeling. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Yi Han
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Qiulun Lu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Junqing An
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ping Song
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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197
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Okabe K, Yaku K, Tobe K, Nakagawa T. Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:34. [PMID: 31078136 PMCID: PMC6511662 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that participates in various energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, it is a required cofactor for post-translational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, respectively. Thus, NAD regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response through these enzymes. Numerous studies have shown that NAD levels decrease with aging and under disturbed nutrient conditions, such as obesity. Additionally, a decline in NAD levels is closely related to the development of various metabolic disorders, including diabetes and fatty liver disease. In addition, many studies have revealed that administration of NAD precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), efficiently increase NAD levels in various tissues and prevent such metabolic diseases. These NAD precursors are contained in natural foods, such as cow milk, vegetables, and meats. Therefore, altered NAD metabolism can be a practical target for nutritional intervention. Recently, several human clinical trials using NAD precursors have been conducted to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy against metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the implications of NAD metabolism in metabolic diseases and discuss the outcomes of recent human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
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198
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García-Prieto CF, Gil-Ortega M, Vega-Martín E, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Martín-Ramos M, Bordiú E, Sanchez-Pernaute A, Torres A, Aránguez I, Fernández-Alfonso M, Rubio MA, Somoza B. Beneficial Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Abnormal MMP-9 and AMPK Activities: Potential Markers of Obesity-Related CV Risk. Front Physiol 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 31133882 PMCID: PMC6517546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) results in sustained weight loss and may reverse inflammation, metabolic alterations, extracellular matrix remodeling and arterial stiffness. We hypothesize that increased stiffening in omental arteries from obese patients might be associated with an increase in MMP activity and a decrease in p-AMPK, together with systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, BS could contribute to reversing these alterations. This study was conducted with 38 patients of Caucasian origin: 31 adult patients with morbid obesity (9 men and 22 women; mean age 46 years and BMI = 42.7 ± 1.0 kg/m2) and 7 non-obese subjects (7 women; mean age 45 years and BMI = 22.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2). Seventeen obese patients were studied before and 12 months after BS. The stiffness index β, an index of intrinsic arterial stiffness, was determined in omental arteries and was significantly higher in obese patients. Levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPKThr-172) and SIRT-1 were significantly lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from obese patients than those from non-obese patients (p < 0.05) and were normalized after BS. Total and active MMP-9 activities, LDH, protein carbonyls and uric acid were higher in obese patients and reduced by BS. Moreover, there was a correlation between plasmatic LDH levels and the stiffness index β. BS has a beneficial effect on abnormal MMP-9, LDH and AMPK activities that might be associated with the development of arterial stiffness in obese patients. Since these parameters are easily measured in blood samples, they could constitute potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha F García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vega-Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martín-Ramos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bordiú
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Sanchez-Pernaute
- Servicio de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Torres
- Servicio de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Aránguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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199
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Tomaipitinca L, Mandatori S, Mancinelli R, Giulitti F, Petrungaro S, Moresi V, Facchiano A, Ziparo E, Gaudio E, Giampietri C. The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040827. [PMID: 30979078 PMCID: PMC6521167 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms’ metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Mandatori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Giulitti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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200
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Liu J, Godlewski G, Jourdan T, Liu Z, Cinar R, Xiong K, Kunos G. Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonism Improves Glycemic Control and Increases Energy Expenditure Through Sirtuin-1/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 and 5'Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. Hepatology 2019; 69:1535-1548. [PMID: 30506571 PMCID: PMC6438767 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids promote energy conservation in obesity, whereas cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1 R) blockade reverses body weight gain and insulin resistance and increases energy expenditure. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of the catabolic effects of CB1 R blockade in the liver. Exposure of primary mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells to the CB1 R agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide inhibited the expression of Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) and Rictor, a component of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and suppressed insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation at serine 473. These effects were reversed by peripheral CB1 R antagonist JD5037 in control hepatocytes but not in hepatocytes deficient in Sirt1 and/or Rictor, indicating that these two proteins are required for the CB1 R-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling. Feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) inhibited hepatic Sirt1/mTORC2/Akt signaling, and the inhibition was reversed by rimonabant or JD5037 in wild-type but not liver-specific Sirt1-/- (Sirt1-LKO) mice, to levels observed in hepatocyte-specific CB1 R-/- mice. A similar attenuation of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in wild-type mice with obesity but not in Sirt1-LKO mice could be attributed to insufficient reversal of HFD-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation in peripheral tissues in the latter. In contrast, JD5037 treatment was equally effective in HFD-fed wild-type and Sirt1-LKO mice in reducing hepatic steatosis, increasing fatty acid β-oxidation, and activating 5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through liver kinase B1 (LKB1), resulting in a similar increase in total energy expenditure in the two strains. Conclusion: Peripheral CB1 R blockade in mice with obesity improves glycemic control through the hepatic Sirt1/mTORC2/Akt pathway, whereas it increases fatty acid oxidation through LKB1/AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keming Xiong
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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