151
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Jongen CS, McCalman J, Bainbridge RG. A Systematic Scoping Review of the Resilience Intervention Literature for Indigenous Adolescents in CANZUS Nations. Front Public Health 2020; 7:351. [PMID: 31998674 PMCID: PMC6967740 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of resilience offers a strengths-based framework for interventions to enhance Indigenous adolescent social and emotional well-being. Resilience interventions in or with schools encompass individual, social, and environmental factors that encourage health-promoting behaviors and assist adolescents in navigating toward resources that can sustain their health and well-being in times of adversity. This scoping review examined the literature on resilience-enhancing interventions for Indigenous adolescent students in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (CANZUS nations). Intervention strategies, adherence to theoretical constructs, and outcomes were analyzed. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of intervention studies aimed at improving Indigenous adolescent resilience and published in CANZUS nations between January 1990 and May 2016. Eleven peer-reviewed databases and 11 websites and clearing houses were searched for relevant studies. Following double-blinded screening, a total of 16 intervention papers were included for analysis. Study characteristics were identified and study quality was assessed using appropriate assessment tools. Results: Twelve interventions (75%) were delivered in school settings and four (25%) were community-based, conducted in partnership with schools. Seven publications (44%) reported interventions focused exclusively on fostering individual resilience. Another seven (44%) included components that aimed to build staff, school, and/or community capacity to support adolescent resilience, and two (12.5%) had community/school capacity-building as the primary focus. Culturally based approaches to enhancing resilience were evident in most studies (81%). The publications documented the use of a range of program models, processes, and activities aligned with resilience theory. Positive outcomes were reported for improved individual assets (e.g., strengthened self-esteem and Indigenous identity), environmental resources (e.g., increased peer support and social/community connection), and increased community capacity (e.g., increased youth training and leadership opportunities). On average, study quality was assessed as moderate to high. The strongest evidence of intervention effectiveness was for improvements in mental health symptoms and outcomes. Conclusion: Interventions indicated strong alignment with ecological and culturally based resilience theories and models. While the results of the studies indicate some positive impacts on the resilience of Indigenous adolescents, future evaluations should aim to ensure high study quality and focus on measuring strengths-based resilience outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sky Jongen
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, School of Health, Medicine and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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152
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Beukema L, Reijneveld SA, Jager M, Metselaar J, de Winter AF. The role of functional health literacy in long-term treatment outcomes in psychosocial care for adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1547-1554. [PMID: 31925546 PMCID: PMC7595965 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although among adolescents with psychosocial problems low health literacy may increase the risk of poor treatment outcomes, the contributing mechanisms within treatment remain unclear. A better understanding of these mechanisms could contribute to improved treatment processes and outcomes. This study aims to examine the relationship between functional health literacy, treatment processes (treatment adherence, learning processes), and treatment outcome (level of psychosocial problems) in adolescents in psychosocial care. We used data from a prospective cohort study among adolescents aged 12-18 (N = 390), collected in four successive measurements: at entry into care, and 3, 12, and 24 months thereafter. We used a mixed effect model to investigate the association between level of functional health literacy (adequate vs. inadequate) and treatment processes (treatment adherence, learning processes) and treatment outcome (level of psychosocial problems). Between adolescents with adequate and inadequate functional health literacy, we found no differences or change over time in adherence or learning processes. The level of psychosocial problems significantly declined over time (β = - 1.70, 95% CI [- 2.72, - 0.69], p = .001) to a similar degree in both groups, though, in all measurements, the level was consistently higher for adolescents with inadequate health literacy. We conclude that health literacy levels did not affect change in treatment processes nor in outcomes of psychosocial treatment. However, the consistently higher level of psychosocial problems among adolescents with inadequate health literacy suggests an unaddressed need in psychosocial care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beukema
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Jager
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Metselaar
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A F de Winter
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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153
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Kara B, Morris R, Brown A, Wigglesworth P, Kania J, Hart A, Mezes B, Cameron J, Eryigit-Madzwamuse S. Bounce Forward: A School-Based Prevention Programme for Building Resilience in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Context. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599669. [PMID: 33519550 PMCID: PMC7840841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of normative development and well-being in young people. It is well-known that growing up in a socioeconomically disadvantaged context may lead to negative outcomes, both in childhood and in adulthood. Early intervention and prevention programmes are crucial for building resilience and improving health, well-being and equity. Bounce Forward is a school-based prevention programme implemented in Blackpool, a town in the United Kingdom facing multiple challenges. It was part of a whole town resilience approach and nascent global social movement known as the "Resilience Revolution." Between 2017 and 2019, the programme was delivered in all Year 5 classes at every primary school in Blackpool (n school = 36), reaching out to 3,134 students (ages 9-10; 50.4% male). The programme aimed to increase resilience in young people by building knowledge and skills about mental health and resilience through 10 sessions. In the current study, we longitudinally examined a range of protective factors, which are relevant to young people's resilience, as well as their mental health outcomes at three time points: before they participated in Bounce Forward, at the end of the programme, and 3-5 months later, when they started Year 6. The current sample included 441 Year 5 students (54.2% male) from 11 primary schools in Blackpool. Nineteen teaching staff also participated in the study and provided qualitative data regarding the impact of the programme on their students. Results showed improvement in some areas of young people's resilience after taking part in Bounce Forward. We also identified gender differences in several protective factors, indicating that boys may need further support. Teaching staff highlighted improvements in various areas; and also observed that their students have been using the strategies that they learnt from the programme. Altogether, findings suggested that young people benefitted from Bounce Forward. The programme is sustainable, offering a free to download teacher resource pack that allows schools to self-deliver it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Kara
- Centre of Resilience for Social Justice, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alice Brown
- Blackpool Council, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Angie Hart
- Centre of Resilience for Social Justice, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mezes
- Centre of Resilience for Social Justice, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Cameron
- Centre of Resilience for Social Justice, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Suna Eryigit-Madzwamuse
- Centre of Resilience for Social Justice, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
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154
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McKay MM, Sensoy Bahar O, Ssewamala FM. Implementation science in global health settings: Collaborating with governmental & community partners in Uganda. Psychiatry Res 2020; 283:112585. [PMID: 31590906 PMCID: PMC6954316 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 450 million people, many of whom live in poverty and are from low and middle-income countries (LMICs), experience serious mental health challenges. Children in sub-Saharan Africa comprise half of the total regional population, yet existing mental health services are severely under-equipped to meet their needs and evidence-based practices (EBPs) are scarce. In Uganda, one in five children present mental health challenges, including disruptive behavior disorders. Guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability (PRISM) framework, this paper describes the strategies by which we have engaged community and government partners to invest in a collaborative, longitudinal study in Uganda aimed at improving youth behavioral health outcomes by testing a collaboratively adapted EBP. We emphasize that implementation scientists should be prepared and willing to invest time and effort engaging key stakeholders and sustain relationships through a full range of collaborative activities; ensure that their science meets a felt need among the stakeholders; and translate their research findings rapidly into accessible and actionable policy recommendations. Finally, we highlight that collaboration with global communities and governments plays a critical role in the adaptation, uptake, scalability, and sustainability of EBPs, and that the process of engagement and collaboration can be guided by conceptual frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M McKay
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
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155
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Wolpert M, Humphrey N, Deighton J, Patalay P, Fugard AJ, Fonagy P, Belsky J, Vostanis P. An Evaluation of the Implementation and Impact of England's Mandated School-Based Mental Health Initiative in Elementary Schools. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr44-1.117-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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156
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Karimi G, Vard B, Riyahi R, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Kelishadi R. Association between family dinner frequency and mental health in children and adolescents; the CASPIAN-V study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:628-634. [PMID: 31821053 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1700485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 14,400 Iranian students, aged 7-18 years to determine the association between the frequency of family dinner and mental health. Family dinner frequency, family relationship, life satisfaction (LS), self-perceived health and anxiety were assessed by validated questionnaires. Of 14,274 participants, 50.6% were boys and 71.4% were urban residents, with a mean (SD) age of 12.28 (3.16) years. Family dinner frequency was significantly correlated with LS (boys: β = 0.27, p < .001; girls: β = 0.26, p < .001) and socio-economic status (boys: β = 0.05, p < .001; girls: β = 0.02, p < .001). A significant inverse association was observed between family dinner frequency and family relationship with anxiety, which was more evident in boys than in girls (p < .05). This study underscores the important role of family dinner frequency with lower anxiety in children as well as a better family relationship with better LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golgis Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Vard
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Riyahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Centre, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Child Growth and Development Research Centre, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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157
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von der Embse N, Kim ES, Kilgus S, Dedrick R, Sanchez A. Multi-informant universal screening: Evaluation of rater, item, and construct variance using a trifactor model. J Sch Psychol 2019; 77:52-66. [PMID: 31837728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Universal screening is a proactive method for identifying student risk, yet remains under-utilized in school systems. Instead, many schools rely on teacher reports and referrals without accounting for different informant perspectives. In the current study, multi-informant universal screening in evaluated using a trifactor model. The study utilized the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS), specifically the teacher (SAEBRS-TRS) and student (mySAEBRS) self-report forms, with items indicating risk for social, academic, and emotional behavior. Data from a national sample of over 24,000 K-12 teacher-student dyads were used to examine the extent and variance of discrepant reports between students and teachers of common, perspective, and item factors. Results demonstrated that informant perspective factors were a strong predictor for student and teacher emotional behavior item ratings. Whereas age had a positive effect on younger student reports of risk on the behavior items compared to older student reports, teachers showed the opposite effect. The teacherperspective of social and emotional behaviors of students was predicted by gender. Implications and directions for future research are further discussed.
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158
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Kim HY, Nam EW, Jin KN, So AY. Effectiveness of a school-based mental health education program in an impoverished urban area of Peru. Glob Health Promot 2019; 27:77-86. [PMID: 31660795 DOI: 10.1177/1757975918786728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based mental health education program in preventing adolescent suicide attempts in an impoverished urban area in Peru, as part of an Official Development Assistance project by the Korea International Cooperation Agency. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model informed the effectiveness study. In this intervention, the participants were first to fifth grade students in public secondary schools. The pre-post intervention survey was conducted with a stratified random sampling method. A sample of 768 and 738 students in experimental and control groups was analyzed comparatively, using chi-squared tests and logistic regression. This study found that the program had a positive effect on adolescent mental health-related risk behaviors and suicide attempts in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thus, the intervention may have helped prevent the increase in mental health-related risk behaviors and suicide attempts. Further, parental affection, when included in the intervention, had a significant effect on suicide attempts. As such, the involvement of parental affection in the intervention might be effective in preventing suicide attempts. To enhance the effectiveness of interventions aiming to prevent adolescent suicide, the participation and attention of parents, as well as adolescents, must be encouraged. Further, to maintain the effectiveness of the intervention and expand coverage to other schools in the neighborhood, a strategy for project sustainability is needed, particularly with regards to capacity-building in schools and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yun Kim
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Administration, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Administration, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Nam Jin
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Young So
- Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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159
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Yang Y, Qi Y, Cui Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhu D, He F, Zheng Y. Emotional and behavioral problems, social competence and risk factors in 6-16-year-old students in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223970. [PMID: 31647827 PMCID: PMC6812843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Child emotional or behavioral problems and insufficient social development has been a heavy burden on family and society. However, currently large-scale studies on emotional and behavioral problems as well as social competence among school children in China are still lacking. This cross-sectional study analyzed the current status and risk factors of behavioral problems and social competences in Beijing students. Method A total of 9,295 students, with ages ranging from 6 to 16 years old, were enrolled in the study. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to screen emotional and behavioral problems, social competences of students. We then assessed significant predictors factors associated with children behavioral problems and social competences. Results The total detection rate of behavioral problems of this cohort was 16.7%. All kinds of social competence scores of boys were lower than girls (P <0.05). The scores of social and learning ability in children with behavioral problems were significantly lower than those without behavior problems (P <0.05). Gender, developmental delay, recent life events, negative relationships and negative child-rearing styles were the shared influencing factors for behavioral problems and social competence. In addition, age, macrosomia, threatened abortion, hospitalization for physical illness, physical illness, poor sleep were independent risk factors for children's emotional and behavioral problems, and non-breastfeeding was an independent risk factor for abnormal social competence. Conclusion The social competence, emotional and behavioral problems are serious among students in Beijing. More attention should be paid to mental health and effective intervention measures should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Cui
- National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandi Zhu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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160
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Roshanpajouh M, Mirkazemi R, Maleki Moghaddam M, Saravani M, Rahat Dahmardeh M, Asadi H, Rezazadeh M. Children addiction treatment and rehabilitation residential centers in Iran: report of a pilot study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1675785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Roshanpajouh
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Psychiatry Institute), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roksana Mirkazemi
- Farzanegan Nik Andish Institute for the Development of Knowledge and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Maleki Moghaddam
- Office of Children Program, Headquarters Welfare Organization of Sistan and Balouchestan Province, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saravani
- Department of Addiction Prevention, Welfare Organization of Sistan and Balouchestan Province, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maasoumeh Rahat Dahmardeh
- Department of Addiction Prevention, Welfare Organization of Sistan and Balouchestan Province, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hassan Asadi
- Department of Addiction Prevention, Welfare Organization of Sistan and Balouchestan Province, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Majid Rezazadeh
- Deputy of Development of Prevention, State Welfare Organization (SWO), Tehran, Iran
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161
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Parikh R, Michelson D, Malik K, Shinde S, Weiss HA, Hoogendoorn A, Ruwaard J, Krishna M, Sharma R, Bhat B, Sahu R, Mathur S, Sudhir P, King M, Cuijpers P, Chorpita BF, Fairburn CG, Patel V. The effectiveness of a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for common adolescent mental health problems in New Delhi, India: protocol for a school-based, individually randomized controlled trial with an embedded stepped-wedge, cluster randomized controlled recruitment trial. Trials 2019; 20:568. [PMID: 31533783 PMCID: PMC6751586 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduct, anxiety, and depressive disorders account for over 75% of the adolescent mental health burden globally. The current protocol will test a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for school-going adolescents with common mental health problems in India. The protocol also tests the effects of a classroom-based sensitization intervention on the demand for counselling services in an embedded recruitment trial. METHODS/DESIGN We will conduct a two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial in six Government-run secondary schools in New Delhi. The targeted sample is 240 adolescents in grades 9-12 with persistent, elevated mental health symptoms and associated distress/impairment. Participants will receive either a brief problem-solving intervention delivered over 3 weeks by lay counsellors (intervention) or enhanced usual care comprised of problem-solving booklets (control). Self-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and idiographic problems will be assessed at 6 weeks (co-primary outcomes) and again at 12 weeks post-randomization. In addition, adolescent-reported distress/impairment, perceived stress, mental wellbeing, and clinical remission, as well as parent-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and impact scores, will be assessed at 6 and 12 weeks post-randomization. We will also complete a parallel process evaluation, including estimations of the costs of delivering the interventions. An embedded recruitment trial will apply a stepped-wedge, cluster (class)-randomized controlled design in 70 classes across the six schools. This will evaluate the added effect of a classroom-based sensitization intervention over and above school-level sensitization activities on the primary outcome of referral rate into the host trial. Other outcomes will be the proportion of referrals eligible to participate in the host trial, proportion of self-generated referrals, and severity and pattern of symptoms among referred adolescents in each condition. Power calculations were undertaken separately for each trial. A detailed statistical analysis plan will be developed separately for each trial prior to unblinding. DISCUSSION Both trials were initiated on 20 August 2018. A single research protocol for both trials offers a resource-efficient methodology for testing the effectiveness of linked procedures to enhance uptake and outcomes of a school-based psychological intervention for common adolescent mental health problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION Both trials are registered prospectively with the National Institute of Health registry ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ), registration numbers NCT03633916 and NCT03630471 , registered on 16th August, 2018 and 14th August, 2018 respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Parikh
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Michelson
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - Kanika Malik
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Helen A. Weiss
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Adriaan Hoogendoorn
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universitiet, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Ruwaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universitiet, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madhuri Krishna
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Rhea Sharma
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Bhargav Bhat
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Rooplata Sahu
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sonal Mathur
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Paulomi Sudhir
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Michael King
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 1, 1081, BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce F. Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 3227 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563 USA
| | | | - Vikram Patel
- Sangath, C-1/52, 1st Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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162
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Böge I, Schepker R, Fegert JM. [Intensive psychiatric care of children and adolescents in their natural environment : Alternatives to inpatient treatment]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:195-204. [PMID: 30627734 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mental health disorders are one of the main diseases in children and adolescents, the persistence rate into adulthood being around 50%. Early intervention is therefore essential. However, present treatment options reach only 50% of children and adolescents with mental health problems.The objective of this article is to depict why legal deficits complicated the establishment of outreach treatment in the past and to illustrate recent legal changes that now allow innovative outreach treatment programs that meet the need of children and adolescents with mental health issues.This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective literature search in PubMed and Cochrane Library concerning types of home treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry, with due reference to the authors' own experience with intensive home treatment.The literature shows that outreach work has been effective in many other countries. In Germany however, clear separation in finances between outpatient and inpatient treatment did not allow the establishment of outreach teams in the past. On 01.01.2017 a new law, the PsychVVG, entered into force, and now provides a sound legal basis for outreach work. Home treatment in the form of, for example, intensive outreach work that equals the intensity and frequency of inpatient treatment (StäB) or continuum of care school (CCSchool), a project that joins school-based diagnostic elements with school-based treatment, can now be installed and evaluated.Intensive outreach work, especially in child and adolescent psychiatry, will now be a good alternative to inpatient treatment that integrates parents into the treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Böge
- KJPP, Universität Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland. .,KJPP, ZfP Südwürttemberg, Weingartshoferstraße 2, 88214, Ravensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Renate Schepker
- KJPP, Universität Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland.,KJPP, ZfP Südwürttemberg, Weingartshoferstraße 2, 88214, Ravensburg, Deutschland
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- KJPP, Universität Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland
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163
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Tan TX, Yi Z, Kamphaus RW, Wang Y, Li Z, Cheng K. Testing the Reliability and Construct Validity of a Chinese Translation of BASC-3-SRP for 12- to 18-Year-Old Youth. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282919874257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested the reliability and construct validity of a Chinese translation of one of the forms of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (3rd Edition)–Self-Report of Personality for adolescent 11- to 21-year olds (BASC-3-SRP-A). The BASC-3-SRP-A yields 16 subscales that form four composite scales. Data were obtained from 444 12- to 14-year olds (Group 1; girls: 59.0%) and 759 15- to 18-year olds (Group 2; girls: 69.2%). For both groups, Cronbach’s alphas for most of the 16 subscales were higher than .70 and were higher than .83 for the four composite scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Mplus 8 on the combined sample yielded support for the construct validity of the Chinese translation of the BASC-3-SRP-A. Findings support the use of BASC-3-SRP-A among Chinese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Xing Tan
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
- University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Zhiyao Yi
- University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | | | - Yan Wang
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
| | | | - Ke Cheng
- University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
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164
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Guddal MH, Stensland SØ, Småstuen MC, Johnsen MB, Zwart JA, Storheim K. Physical activity and sport participation among adolescents: associations with mental health in different age groups. Results from the Young-HUNT study: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028555. [PMID: 31488476 PMCID: PMC6731817 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge of how physical activity (PA) and sport participation are related to mental health throughout adolescence is scarce. Our objective was to describe PA levels and sport participation in a population-based sample of adolescents, and to explore how they relate to mental health in different age groups. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The adolescent part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, a Norwegian population-based health survey, conducted from 2006 to 2008. Of 10 464 invited participants (age 13-19 years), 7619 (73%) participated, of whom 3785 (50%) were boys. OUTCOME MEASURES Mental health outcomes included psychological distress assessed using a short version of the Hopkins Symptom Check List Five items, self-esteem assessed using a short version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and life satisfaction assessed with a single-item satisfaction with life measure. METHOD Logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of psychological distress, low self-esteem and low life satisfaction, according to self-reported PA level and type of sport participation, stratified by gender and school level (junior vs senior high school). RESULTS Fewer senior high school students participated in team sports compared with junior high school students (p<0.001). Physically active adolescents and participants in team sports had higher self-esteem and life satisfaction. A high PA level, compared with a low PA level, was associated with reduced odds of psychological distress among senior high school students (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86 for girls and OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.79 for boys). Team sport participation was associated with reduced odds of psychological distress in senior high school girls. CONCLUSION A high PA level was favourably associated with various dimensions of mental health, especially for adolescents in senior high school. Team sport participation may have a positive impact on mental health and should, therefore, be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Hjelle Guddal
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Øien Stensland
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NKVTS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Cvancarova Småstuen
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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165
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Baumann AA, Mejia A, Lachman JM, Parra Cardona JR, López-Zerón G, Amador Buenabad NG, Vargas E, Domenech Rodríguez MM. Parenting Programs for Underserved Populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Issues of Scientific Integrity and Social Justice. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2019; 6:199-207. [PMID: 32095423 PMCID: PMC7036747 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-018-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that parenting programs are effective for preventing behavioral and emotional difficulties in children, but a lot more attention needs to be paid to issues of context and culture during the development, testing and implementation of these interventions. The views and needs of underserved and disenfranchised communities in the US and the Global South are often not taken into account for the development and testing of interventions. The successful implementation of evidence-based interventions for vulnerable children and families in underserved and marginalized communities requires careful consideration of how existing paradigms of prevention, evaluation, and implementation science impact issues of social justice and equity. This paper will describe how a team of parenting program researchers has been collaborating with their partners globally in generating local knowledge by balancing the need for rigorous scientific methods with issues of power. Authors from the U.S., Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia draw on their experiences regarding challenges and successes with issues regarding study design and measurement, the transferability and adaptation of interventions, and the dissemination and implementation of different parenting interventions while placing communities at the center of their efforts through participatory methods. We describe innovative approaches that span the continuum of intervention development, adaptation, optimization, evaluation, implementation, and scale up of different parenting programs for vulnerable children and families across the world. We conclude by offering specific and pragmatic recommendations to increase access of culturally relevant and effective parenting programs in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anilena Mejia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta
Tecnología (INDICASAT)
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166
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Mack J, Wanderer S, Kölch M, Roessner V. Come together: case specific cross-institutional cooperation of youth welfare services and child and adolescent psychiatry. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:34. [PMID: 31485265 PMCID: PMC6716872 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of children and families who require support from both youth welfare services and from mental health services, a solid cross-institutional cooperation is needed to provide coordinated and integrated help. Studies involving not only qualitative, but also quantitative information from both services regarding not only general, but also case specific views on cross-institutional cooperation and psychosocial needs are lacking. METHODS Hence, we collected data from n = 96 children and families who received support from youth welfare office (YWO) and child and adolescents psychiatry (CAP) simultaneously. In a longitudinal survey, we assessed the evaluation of case specific cross-institutional cooperation and psychosocial needs by employees of YWO and CAP as well as descriptive data (including psychopathology of children) over a 6-month period. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted to assess the effects of time and institution (YWO/CAP) on employees' evaluation of case specific cross-institutional cooperation and psychosocial needs as well as children's psychopathology. RESULTS The data showed that generally YWO employees rated the case specific communication better than CAP employees. Furthermore, CAP employees estimated psychosocial needs higher than YWO employees did. The employees' evaluation of total case specific cross-institutional cooperation did not differ between the employees of both institutions; it further did not change over time. The case specific evaluations did not correlate between the case responsible employees of YWO and CAP. CONCLUSION The data showed satisfaction with the case specific cross-institutional cooperation in general, but meaningful differences in case specific ratings between both institutions indicate the possibility and need for improvement in daily work and cooperation as well as in regulations and contractual agreements. The implementation of more exchange of higher quality and transparency will ensure smoother cross-institutional cooperation. Future research should pursue this topic to convey the need for further improvement in cross-institutional cooperation into decision-making processes and to evaluate the success of innovative projects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Mack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sina Wanderer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kölch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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167
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Kutcher S, Perkins K, Gilberds H, Udedi M, Ubuguyu O, Njau T, Chapota R, Hashish M. Creating Evidence-Based Youth Mental Health Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Description of the Integrated Approach to Addressing the Issue of Youth Depression in Malawi and Tanzania. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:542. [PMID: 31555156 PMCID: PMC6724683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing depression in young people is a health-care policy need in sub-Saharan Africa. There exists poor mental health literacy, high levels of stigma, and weak capacity at the community level to address this health-care need. These challenges are significant barriers to accessing mental health care for depression, soon to be the largest single contributor to the global burden of disease. We here describe an innovative approach that addresses these issues simultaneously while concurrently strengthening key mental health components in existing education and health-care systems as successfully applied in Malawi and replicated in Tanzania. Improving the pathway to care for young people with depression requires the following: improving mental health literacy (MHL) of communities, youth, and teachers; enhancing case identification and linking schools to community health clinics; improving the capacity of community health-care providers to identify, diagnose, and effectively treat depression in youth. Funded by Grand Challenges Canada, we developed and applied a program called "An Integrated Approach to Addressing the Challenge of Depression Among the Youth in Malawi and Tanzania" (IACD). This was an example of, a horizontally integrated pathway to care model designed to be applied in low-resource settings. The model is designed to 1) improve awareness/knowledge of mental health and mental disorders (especially depression) in communities; 2) enhance mental health literacy among youth and teachers within schools; 3) enhance capacity for teachers to identify students with possible depression; 4) create linkages between schools and community health clinics for improved access to mental health care for youth identified with possible depression; and 5) enhance the capacity of community-based health-care providers to identify, diagnose, and effectively treat youth with depression. With the use of interactive, youth-informed weekly radio programs, mental health curriculum training for teachers and peer educators in secondary schools, and a clinical competency training program for community-based health workers, the innovation created a "hub and spoke" model for improving mental health care for young people. Positive results obtained in Malawi and replicated in Tanzania suggest that this approach may provide an effective and potentially sustainable framework for enhancing youth mental health care, thus providing a policy ready framework that can be considered for application in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Kutcher
- Department of Psychiatry, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Omary Ubuguyu
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tasiana Njau
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Mina Hashish
- Department of Psychiatry, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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168
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Selamu LG. Children’s mental health strategies and practices in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2019.1644138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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169
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Gajaria A, Ravindran AV, Castrillo ME, Herrera Rodríguez A, Zaheer J. Mental health of transitional aged youth in Nicaragua: Perceptions and experiences of educators. Glob Public Health 2019; 15:151-160. [PMID: 31392925 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1648535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental illnesses contribute to a large proportion of the disease burden in children and adolescents in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is limited research completed in LMICs about paediatric mental health, particularly related to youth. School is a place where many adolescents first seek mental health support. This study examined how educators in Nicaragua view youth mental health and how mental health can be supported in LMIC schools. Focus groups were completed with teachers serving youth from a variety of socioeconomic settings within León, Nicaragua. The study was completed from an Interpretivist theoretical paradigm and coding of qualitative data was completed consistent with Constructivist Grounded Theory. Educators described their roles in as detecting mental health problems and liasing with other supports; they noted barriers as cross-sector integration and social challenges. Educators felt that youth would be better served by improving integration of care, addressing structural factors, and providing more teacher supports. A model for addressing youth mental health in LMICs could include a stepped-care approach with schools providing preventative programming as well as developing within school referral strategies for youth with higher needs. There may be a role for the use of community health promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gajaria
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arun V Ravindran
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Herrera Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Demografía y Salud, León, Nicaragua.,Faculty of Medicine, UNAN-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Juveria Zaheer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada
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170
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Pedersen GA, Zajkowska Z, Kieling C, Gautam K, Mondelli V, Fisher HL, Swartz JR, Adewuya A, Karmacharya R, Kohrt BA. Protocol for a systematic review of the development of depression among adolescents and young adults: psychological, biological, and contextual perspectives around the world. Syst Rev 2019; 8:179. [PMID: 31325965 PMCID: PMC6642734 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading contributor to disability-adjusted life-years because of early onset and chronicity throughout the lifecycle. It is crucial to identify early predictors of depression among adolescents and young people to effectively target prevention. A gap in the literature is a comprehensive systematic review of predictors of depression among adolescents around the globe, especially in low- and middle-income countries LMICs. This review aims to identify evidence for biological, psychological, and contextual risk factors for the development of depression among adolescents and young adults (10-24 years of age) in high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs, ultimately contributing to (a) identification of potential mechanisms underlying depression development, (b) selection of common risk and protective factors as targets for detection, and (c) refinement of risk models that can be evaluated through existing cohorts in HICs and LMICs. METHODS This review will follow the Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome (PI(E)CO) model and adheres to the PRISMA-P guidelines. A search strategy was developed by a multidisciplinary research consortium. Seven databases (MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, Global Health) will be searched to identify articles. Independent raters will screen and retrieve articles for inclusion, conduct quality ratings, and extract data. The Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research adapted for Cultural Psychiatry Epidemiology (SAQOR-CPE) will be used to assess quality of observational studies. We will assess for publication bias using funnel plots and statistical methods. We will use narrative synthesis to present results, addressing the study's objectives following the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Meta-analyses will be used to report summary statistics for association of risk factors with development of depression. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarize evidence-based research that examines the psychological, biological, and contextual factors contributing to the onset of depression in adolescents across the globe. Results will support the development of a model that can be evaluated in existing cohorts around the world. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration CRD42018103973 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Pedersen
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Global Mental Health, 2120 L St NW, Ste 600, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zuzanna Zajkowska
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry and Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 400N, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Kamal Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal), Anek Marga, Baluwatar, G.P.O. Box 8974/CPC 612, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Johnna R Swartz
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Abiodun Adewuya
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A., Ikeja P.M.B, Lagos, 21266, Nigeria
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Global Mental Health, 2120 L St NW, Ste 600, Washington DC, 20037, USA
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171
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Davis SK, Nowland R, Qualter P. The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Maintenance of Depression Symptoms and Loneliness Among Children. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1672. [PMID: 31379688 PMCID: PMC6660264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors that predict the maintenance of depression and loneliness in children is important for intervention design. Whilst emotional intelligence (EI) has been identified as a predictor of mental health, research examining how both trait and ability EI contribute to long-term patterns of symptomatology in children is markedly absent. We examined the impact of both TEI and AEI on the maintenance of loneliness and depressive symptoms over 1 year in children aged 9-11 years. Two hundred and thirteen children (54% male) completed the TEIQue-CF and the MSCEIT-YV at the first time point of the study, and the Child Depression Inventory and the Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents at Time 1 and, again, 1 year later. Findings indicate that emotional skills (AEI) are important for predicting the maintenance of depressive symptoms and loneliness in children over 1 year; emotional self-competency (TEI) is less influential, only contributing to long-term loneliness in girls. Moreover, whilst deficiencies in the ability to perceive and understand emotions were predictive of prolonged symptomatology, so, too, were proficiencies in using emotion to facilitate thinking and emotion management. Those findings carry important implications for EI theory and future research. They also indicate that EI interventions tailored to groups of "at risk" school children may be useful for reducing specific profiles of internalizing symptoms. Programs targeting AEI skills may be universally helpful for reducing the likelihood that depressive symptoms and loneliness will be maintained over time in middle childhood; girls at risk for prolonged loneliness would additionally benefit from opportunities to bolster TEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Davis
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Nowland
- Child Health and Well-Being Research Group, School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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172
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Fernández-Bustos JG, Infantes-Paniagua Á, Cuevas R, Contreras OR. Effect of Physical Activity on Self-Concept: Theoretical Model on the Mediation of Body Image and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescents. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 31354570 PMCID: PMC6635469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to study the mediation of body dissatisfaction, physical self-concept, and body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between physical activity and self-concept in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A sample of 652 Spanish students between 12 and 17 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Physical self-concept and general self-concept were assessed with the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF), body dissatisfaction with the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and physical activity was estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). BMI was utilized as a measurement of body composition. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the results. Results: The resulting models showed good fit indexes. Final model for all participants explained the 17% of the variance of body dissatisfaction, 57% of physical self-concept, and 60% of general self-concept. Physical activity had a positive and indirect effect on self-concept (β = 0.29, p < 0.01) and direct effects on body dissatisfaction (β = −0.26, p < 0.01) and physical self-concept (β = 0.20, p < 0.01). BMI had a direct effect on body dissatisfaction (β = 0.31, p < 0.01) and on physical self-concept (β = −0.10, p < 0.01) and an indirect effect on general self-concept (β = −0.24, p < 0.01). However, it was only associated with physical activity in males, playing a mediating role between physical activity and body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Physical activity can help individuals to achieve a positive self-concept and promote psychological well-being in adolescents through the improvement of physical perceptions and body satisfaction. The importance of BMI, body dissatisfaction, and physical self-concept on the configuration of the self-concept is also emphasized. Educational policymakers and Physical Education teachers should implement strategies to promote physical activity in the schools and provide a Quality Physical Education programs to increase physical activity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gregorio Fernández-Bustos
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Physical Education, Faculty of Education of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Álvaro Infantes-Paniagua
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Physical Education, Faculty of Education of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Cuevas
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Physical Education, Faculty of Education of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Onofre Ricardo Contreras
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Physical Education, Faculty of Education of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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173
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Hanley T, Prescott J, Gomez KU. A systematic review exploring how young people use online forums for support around mental health issues. J Ment Health 2019; 28:566-576. [PMID: 31267813 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1630725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Young people increasingly look towards the Internet for support. Online forums have been developed to provide mental health support, but they have received little attention in the research to date. Aims: To summarise the existing literature examining how individuals use online forums to obtain support for mental health difficulties. Methods: A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted to identify empirical literature in this area. The papers that met the inclusion criteria and satisfied quality assessment review were analysed for key themes. Results: Twenty-one papers were found. Three common themes in the papers were associated with opportunities of the technology: (1) Providing stand alone or complementary informal support, (2) Providing informational, emotional and infomotional support, and (3) Making use of the specific practical opportunities afforded by forum technology. A further three themes were associated with challenges: (1) Managing the expectations of forum users, (2) Ensuring service user safety, and (3) Navigating the technical challenges associated with forums. Conclusions: The paper highlights the potential for individuals to access dynamic and responsive support within online forums. Additionally, it reflects upon the major areas that mental health professionals need to be aware of when entering into this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Hanley
- Senior Lecturer in Counselling Psychology, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Julie Prescott
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Bolton , Bolton , UK
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Li Y, Cui N, Kok HT, Deatrick J, Liu J. The Relationship Between Parenting Styles Practiced By Grandparents And Children's Emotional And Behavioral Problems. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:1899-1913. [PMID: 37006465 PMCID: PMC10065465 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between grandparenting styles and grandchildren's emotions and behaviors, while controlling for parenting styles, and to compare the effects of grandparenting styles and parenting styles on children's behavioral problems in China. METHODS A sample of 765 children, with a mean age of 12.02 years (SD = 0.38), participated in this cross-sectional study in Jintan city, Jiangsu province, China. All participants completed the self-report measures of emotions and behaviors, grandparenting styles, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Results showed that the well-recognized parenting styles (Care, Indifference, Overprotection, and Autonomy), when implemented by grandparents (grandparenting styles) and parents (parenting styles), had different patterns of effects on children's emotional and behavioral problems. Grandparenting styles, especially grandparental Care and Overprotection, were positively related to emotional and behavioral problems, while parental Care was negatively related to children's externalizing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of grandparenting styles in grandchildren's development. Practitioners working with grandparents and grandchildren need to recognize the complexity of grandparent-grandchild relationships and implement suitable interventions to meet the family needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- Shandong University School of Nursing, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Naixue Cui
- Shandong University School of Nursing, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Ting Kok
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janet Deatrick
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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175
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Nuri NN, Sarker M, Ahmed HU, Hossain MD, Dureab F, Agbozo F, Jahn A. Overall Care-Seeking Pattern and Gender Disparity at a Specialized Mental Hospital in Bangladesh. Mater Sociomed 2019; 31:35-39. [PMID: 31213953 PMCID: PMC6511372 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.35-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is the only national level mental health institution in Bangladesh, with both academic and clinical functions, thus playing a crucial role in delivering specialized mental health care for the entire population. Aim: This study examined the overall pattern of mental health care seeking, age and sex distribution of patients and mental health problems diagnosed in the facility. Methods: Using a facility-based cross-sectional study design, secondary data was collected from various hospital records and reports from April 2001 to June 2016, and quantitatively analyzed. Results: There has been a steady increase in the number of patients at NIMH over the years. Typically, female patients were about half in number compared to male patients and fewer in each age group and all disease categories except inpatients with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. The highest number of inpatients and outpatients were 15-30 years old and those with schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders. Conclusion: Minors and females seeking care at NIMH were underrepresented, thus highlighting the need for interventions to improve access for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmun Nahar Nuri
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malabika Sarker
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Fekri Dureab
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Faith Agbozo
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Health and Allied Sciences, Department of Family and Community Health, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Albrecht Jahn
- National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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176
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Campisi SC, Wasan Y, Soofi S, Monga S, Korczak DJ, Lou W, Soder O, Vandermorris A, Humayun KN, Mian A, Szatmari P, Bhutta ZA. Nash-wo-Numa (childhood growth & development) study protocol: factors that impact linear growth in children 9 to 15 years of age in Matiari, Pakistan. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028343. [PMID: 31196903 PMCID: PMC6575710 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a time of significant physical and emotional change, and there is emerging concern that adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) may face substantial challenges in relation to linear growth and mental health. Data on the global burden of stunting after 5 years of age are limited, but estimates suggest up to 50 per cent of all adolescents in some LMIC are stunted. Additionally, many LMIC lack robust mental health care delivery systems. Pakistan has one of the world's largest populations of adolescents (10 to 19 years) at approximately 40 million. The Nash-wo-Numa study's primary objective is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for stunting among early adolescents in rural Pakistan. The study also aims to determine the prevalence of poor mental health and identify factors associated with common mental health concerns during the childhood to adulthood transition. METHODS This cross-sectional study will include girls (n= 738) 9.0 to 14.9 years of age and boys (n=687) 10.0 to 15.9 years of age who live in the rural district of Matiari, Pakistan. Participants will be assessed for anthropometrical measures, puberty development, nutritional biomarkers as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety and trauma using validated scales. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The proposed study aims to complete the picture of child and adolescent health concerning linear growth and mental health by including puberty indicators. Ethics approval has been granted by the Ethics Review Committee at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, #5251-WCH-ERC-18 and Research Ethics Board at SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Canada, #:1000060684. Study results will be presented at relevant conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03647553; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Campisi
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaqub Wasan
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Soofi
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olle Soder
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashley Vandermorris
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ayesha Mian
- Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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177
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Rivenbark JG, Copeland WE, Davisson EK, Gassman-Pines A, Hoyle RH, Piontak JR, Russell MA, Skinner AT, Odgers CL. Perceived social status and mental health among young adolescents: Evidence from census data to cellphones. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:574-585. [PMID: 30802108 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents in the United States live amid high levels of concentrated poverty and increasing income inequality. Poverty is robustly linked to adolescents' mental health problems; however, less is known about how perceptions of their social status and exposure to local area income inequality relate to mental health. Participants consisted of a population-representative sample of over 2,100 adolescents (ages 10-16), 395 of whom completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study. Participants' subjective social status (SSS) was assessed at the start of the EMA, and mental health symptoms were measured both at baseline for the entire sample and daily in the EMA sample. Adolescents' SSS tracked family, school, and neighborhood economic indicators (|r| ranging from .12 to .30), and associations did not differ by age, race, or gender. SSS was independently associated with mental health, with stronger associations among older (ages 14-16) versus younger (ages 10-13) adolescents. Adolescents with lower SSS reported higher psychological distress and inattention problems, as well as more conduct problems, in daily life. Those living in areas with higher income inequality reported significantly lower subjective social status, but this association was explained by family and neighborhood income. Findings illustrate that adolescents' SSS is correlated with both internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, and that by age 14 it becomes a unique predictor of mental health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William E Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Rick H Hoyle
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University
| | | | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
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178
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Hukkelberg S. The Quintessence of Child Conduct Problems: Identifying Central Behaviors through Network Analysis. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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179
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Beelmann A, Malti T, Noam GG, Sommer S. Innovation and Integrity: Desiderata and Future Directions for Prevention and Intervention Science. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 19:358-365. [PMID: 29372487 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes essential implications of the papers within this special issue and discusses directions for future prevention and intervention research on conceptual issues, methodological and transfer-related challenges and opportunities. We identify a need to move from programs to principles in intervention research and encourage the implementation of research on potential mechanisms underlying intervention effectiveness. In addition, current methodological issues in intervention research are highlighted, including advancements in methodology and statistical procedures, extended outcome assessments, replication studies, and a thorough examination of potential biases. We further discuss transfer-related issues, for example the need for more research on the flexibility and adaptability of programs and intervention approaches as well as more general problems in knowledge translation reasoning the need for enhanced communication between practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Finally, we briefly touch on the need to discuss the relation between single intervention programs, the mental health system, and changes of contextual conditions at the macro level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beelmann
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Research Synthesis, Intervention, Evaluation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 26, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Gil G Noam
- Harvard Medical School, Havard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Fajardo-Bullón F, Rasskin-Gutman I, León-Del Barco B, Ribeiro Dos Santos EJ, Iglesias Gallego D. International and Spanish Findings in Scientific Literature about Minors' Mental Health: Predictive Factors Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1603. [PMID: 31071907 PMCID: PMC6539595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Minors' mental health is a subject of high global concern. Understanding the factors that influence their mental health is essential to improving the health of future generations. In this study, an analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire's usefulness is carried out, as a validated tool, recognized in Spain and internationally, for the measurement of minors' mental health. In turn, the influence of the variables of gender, age, and physical health, along with the occupational social class of parents on Spanish minors' mental health, has been analyzed. Spanish minors with good physical health and of parents with middle and higher education, as well as in an occupational social class, are less likely to suffer mental health problems. On the other hand, it seems that internalizing symptoms are more likely in girls, and externalizing symptoms are more likely in boys. However, when a global measure of mental health is made without specific subscales, the effects of gender and age diverge greatly, according to the studies. Although there are examples of current research using the same measurement tool, there is still a need for many more international studies that are coordinated using the same methodology. This study identifies the factors which the international and Spanish scientific literature has revealed as being determinants in minors' mental health. Finally, it is essential that the influence of these factors be assessed in the areas of primary care and mental health to facilitate better detection, intervention, or prevention of mental health problems in today's children, as well as the children of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fajardo-Bullón
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Irina Rasskin-Gutman
- Department of Psychology, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Benito León-Del Barco
- Department of Psychology, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Eduardo João Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Scientific Coordinator R&D Unit Institute of Cognitive Psychology (IPCDHS/FPCE), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Damián Iglesias Gallego
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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Heradstveit O, Skogen JC, Hetland J, Stewart R, Hysing M. Psychiatric Diagnoses Differ Considerably in Their Associations With Alcohol/Drug-Related Problems Among Adolescents. A Norwegian Population-Based Survey Linked With National Patient Registry Data. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 31133937 PMCID: PMC6517475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine alcohol/drug use and problems across psychiatric diagnoses and to what extent associations between each psychiatric diagnosis and alcohol/drug use and problems were independent from the potential confounding effects of psychiatric comorbidity, socioeconomic status, sex and age. We used a dataset comprising a linkage between a large population-based and cross-sectional study among Norwegian adolescents (the youth@hordaland conducted in 2012) and national registry-based data on specialist mental health care use during the 4 years prior to the survey (2008 to 2011). The study sample included 16 to 19 year olds who participated in the youth@hordaland survey and consented to the linkage with patient registry data (n = 9,408). Among these, 853 (9%) had received specialist mental health care and comprised the clinical group, while the rest (n = 8,555) comprised the comparison group. The main outcome variables were several self-reported indicators for alcohol/drug use, including any alcohol use, frequent alcohol intoxication, high-level alcohol consumption, and lifetime illicit drug use, as well as one indicator for potential alcohol/drug-related problems: a positive CRAFFT-score. Adolescents receiving specialist mental health care (n = 853) reported more frequently alcohol/drug use and problems compared to adolescents not receiving these services (Cohens d's ranging from 0.09 to 0.29, all p ≤ 0.01). Anxiety, depression, conduct disorders, eating disorders, ADHD, and trauma-related disorders were all associated with single measures of alcohol/drug use and problems, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.58 to 4.63, all p < 0.05) in unadjusted models. Trauma-related disorders, depression and conduct disorders were also positively associated with higher scores on a combined indicator of alcohol/drug use and problems (ORs ranging from 1.89 to 3.15, all p < 0.01), even after the full adjustment from psychiatric comorbidity and sociodemographic variables (adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.61 to 2.79, p < 0.05). These results suggest that alcohol/drug use and problems were slightly more common among adolescents who received specialist mental health care during the past 4 years compared with the general adolescent population, and adolescents with trauma-related disorders, depression and conduct disorders were high-risk groups for alcohol/drug use and problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Heradstveit
- Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn Hetland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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182
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Kefale D, Boka A, Mengstu Z, Belayneh Z, Zeleke S. Emotional and behavioral problems and associated factors among children and adolescents on highly active anti-retroviral therapy in public hospitals of West Gojjam zone, Amhara regional state of Ethiopia, 2018: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:141. [PMID: 31053112 PMCID: PMC6498648 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS are more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems than the general population. This can result in a continuing negative influence on the quality of life, school performance, immunity and co-morbidity of children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Emotional and Behavioral Problems among children and adolescents on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in the public hospitals of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted by screening 411 children and adolescents for emotional and behavioral problems using Pediatric Symptomatology Check List (PSCL). Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were fitted to identify factors associated with Emotional and Behavioral Problems. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance. Result Out of the total 411 participants, 43.6% were screened positive for Emotional and Behavioral Problems. Lower age (AOR = 5.33, 95%CI: 2.56–11.04), having non-kin care giver (AOR = 4.64, 95%CI: 1.20–17.90), parental loss (AOR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.03–4.49), non self -disclosure of HIV sero status (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.16–3.41) and having distressed care giver (AOR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.04–2.57) had statistically significant association with EBPs. Conclusion The prevalence of Emotional and Behavioral Problems is high among children and adolescents on HAART. Lower age, care giver’s mental distress, non-self disclosure status, having non-kin care giver and parental loss were variables significantly associated with EBPs. This demonstrates a need for the integration of Mental Health and Psycho Social Support (MHPSS) service with HIV/AIDS care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1453-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demewoz Kefale
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdisa Boka
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zureyash Mengstu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Belayneh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaw Zeleke
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Steeg S, Webb RT, Mok PLH, Pedersen CB, Antonsen S, Kapur N, Carr MJ. Risk of dying unnaturally among people aged 15–35 years who have harmed themselves and inflicted violence on others: a national nested case-control study. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 4:e220-e228. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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184
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Moreton E, Baron P, Tiplady S, McCall S, Clifford B, Langley-Evans S, Fone K, Voigt J. Impact of early exposure to a cafeteria diet on prefrontal cortex monoamines and novel object recognition in adolescent rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:191-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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185
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Nackers F, Roederer T, Marquer C, Ashaba S, Maling S, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Muny S, Sokeo C, Shom V, Palha M, Lefèbvre P, Kirubi BW, Kamidigo G, Falissard B, Moro MR, Grais RF. A screening tool for psychological difficulties in children aged 6 to 36 months: cross-cultural validation in Kenya, Cambodia and Uganda. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:108. [PMID: 30979364 PMCID: PMC6460684 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low-resource settings, the lack of mental health professionals and cross-culturally validated screening instruments complicates mental health care delivery. This is especially the case for very young children. Here, we aimed to develop and cross-culturally validate a simple and rapid tool, the PSYCa 6-36, that can be administered by non-professionals to screen for psychological difficulties among children aged six to 36 months. METHODS A primary validation of the PSYCa 6-36 was conducted in Kenya (n = 319 children aged 6 to 36 months; 2014), followed by additional validations in Kenya (n = 215; 2014) Cambodia (n = 189; 2015) and Uganda (n = 182; 2016). After informed consent, trained interviewers administered the PSYCa 6-36 to caregivers participating in the study. We assessed the psychometric properties of the PSYCa 6-36 and external validity was assessed by comparing the results of the PSYCa 6-36 against a clinical global impression severity [CGIS] score rated by an independent psychologist after a structured clinical interview with each participant. RESULTS The PSYCa 6-36 showed satisfactory psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha > 0.60 in Uganda and > 0.70 in Kenya and Cambodia), temporal stability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.8), and inter-rater reliability (ICC from 0.6 in Uganda to 0.8 in Kenya). Psychologists identified psychological difficulties (CGIS score > 1) in 11 children (5.1%) in Kenya, 13 children (8.7%) in Cambodia and 15 (10.5%) in Uganda, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.65 in Uganda and 0.80 in Kenya and Cambodia. CONCLUSIONS The PSYCa 6-36 allowed for rapid screening of psychological difficulties among children aged 6 to 36 months among the populations studied. Use of the tool also increased awareness of children's psychological difficulties and the importance of early recognition to prevent long-term consequences. The PSYCa 6-36 would benefit from further use and validation studies in popula`tions with higher prevalence of psychological difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire
- Epicentre, Mbarara Research Centre, P.O. Box 1956, Mbarara, Uganda.,Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1404, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Sothara Muny
- Medicine Department, Preah Kossamak Hospital, Ministry of Health, Phnom Pen, Cambodia
| | - Chea Sokeo
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Phnom Pen, Cambodia
| | - Vireak Shom
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Phnom Pen, Cambodia
| | - Maria Palha
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Phnom Pen, Cambodia
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Falissard
- Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP)/ Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1018, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Rose Moro
- Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP)/ Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1018, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.,Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Kivumbi A, Byansi W, Damulira C, Namatovu P, Mugisha J, Sensoy Bahar O, McKay MM, Hoagwood K, Ssewamala FM. Prevalence of behavioral disorders and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder among school going children in Southwestern Uganda. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:105. [PMID: 30943981 PMCID: PMC6446353 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptive Behavioral Disorders (DBDs) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are chronic, impairing, and costly child and adolescent mental health challenges which, when untreated, can result in disruptions in school performance, friendships and family relations. Yet, there is dearth of prevalence data on child and adolescent behavioral challenges within sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of behavioral challenges and ADHD among young school going children and early adolescents (ages 8-13 at study enrollment), utilizing a school-based sample in southwest Uganda. METHODS We present screening results from a 5-year scale-up study titled SMART Africa-Uganda (2016-2021), set across 30 public primary schools located in the greater Masaka region in Uganda, a region heavily impacted by poverty and HIV/AIDS. Specifically, we draw on screening data from caregivers of 2434 children that used well-established standardized measures that had been pre-tested in the region. These were: 1) oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) subscales of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) scale; and 2) the Iowa Connors and Impairment scales. Slightly over half of the children in the sample were female (52%), with a mean age of 10.27 years. RESULTS Of the 2434 participants screened for disruptive behaviors: 1) 6% (n = 136) scored positive on ODD and 2% (n = 42) scored positive on CD subscales of the DBD scale; 2) 9.61% (n = 234), and 2.67% (n = 65) were reported to have elevated symptoms of ODD and ADHD on the Iowa Connors caregiver report scale respectively. Twenty-five percent (n = 586) of children were described by their caregivers as having experienced some form of impairment in at least four domains of the Impairment scale. CONCLUSION The results indicate the presence of behavioral challenges and ADHD among school going children, aged 8-13 years, in Uganda. Given the negative outcomes associated with behavioral challenges as children transition to adolescence and adulthood, detecting these emerging behavioral challenges early is critical in developing appropriate interventions. School settings could be considered as one of the contextually-relevant, culturally-appropriate, and non-stigmatizing venues to implement screening procedures and to detect emerging behavioral challenges and to make necessary referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollo Kivumbi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, P.O. Box 1988, Circular Rd, Masaka, Uganda
| | - William Byansi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Christopher Damulira
- International Center for Child Health and Development, P.O. Box 1988, Circular Rd, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Phionah Namatovu
- International Center for Child Health and Development, P.O. Box 1988, Circular Rd, Masaka, Uganda
| | | | | | - Mary M. McKay
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Fred M. Ssewamala
- International Center for Child Health and Development, P.O. Box 1988, Circular Rd, Masaka, Uganda
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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187
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Görtz-Dorten A, Hanisch C, Hautmann C, Döpfner M. [The prevention of externalizing disturbances]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 48:459-468. [PMID: 30882267 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of externalizing disturbances Abstract. Objectives: Externalizing disturbances (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant disorders, conduct disorders) in children and adolescents have a high prevalence, are stable over time, and precipitate a high individual and economic burden. Method: This review article presents the state of research based on selected current meta-analyzes and systematic reviews. Additionally, evidenced-based German-language prevention programs are discussed. Results: As in treatment, a multimodal approach to prevention is recommended which aims at reducing externalizing symptoms in specific settings. Interventions that focus on the specific environment in the family and the (pre-)school are preferable. Child-focused interventions are especially important in the context of peer-related problematic behavior because parent-based or teacher-based interventions may be less able to affect peer interactions. Conclusions: Comprehensive parent-based and (pre-)school-based preventive interventions of externalizing disturbances should be implemented. These should also include child-based approaches and additional parent-based group interventions. The effects of these interventions should be tested in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Görtz-Dorten
- AKiP Köln, Ausbildungsinstitut für
Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Uniklinik, Köln.,Institut für Klinische Kinderpsychologie der Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung an der Universität, Köln
| | | | - Christopher Hautmann
- AKiP Köln, Ausbildungsinstitut für
Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Uniklinik, Köln
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität, Köln.,AKiP Köln, Ausbildungsinstitut für
Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Uniklinik, Köln.,Institut für Klinische Kinderpsychologie der Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung an der Universität, Köln
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188
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Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213700. [PMID: 30865713 PMCID: PMC6415852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES) suffer from mental health problems more often than their peers with high SES. The aim of the current study was to investigate the direct and interactive association between commonly used indicators of SES and the exposure to stressful life situations in relation to children’s mental health problems. Methods The prospective BELLA cohort study is the mental health module of the representative, population-based German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS). Sample data include 2,111 participants (aged 7–17 years at baseline) from the first three measurement points (2003–2006, 2004–2007 and 2005–2008). Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were conducted to analyze associations among the SES indicators household income, parental education and parental unemployment (assessed at baseline), number of stressful life situations (e.g., parental accident, mental illness or severe financial crises; 1- and 2-year follow-ups) and parent-reported mental health problems (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2-year follow-up). Results All indicators of SES separately predicted mental health problems in children and adolescents at the 2-year follow-up. Stressful life situations (between baseline and 2-year follow-up) and the interaction of parental education and the number of stressful life situations remained significant in predicting children’s mental health problems after adjustment for control variables. Thereby, children with higher educated parents showed fewer mental health problems in a stressful life situation. No moderating effect was found for household income and parental employment. Overall, the detected effect sizes were small. Mental health problems at baseline were the best predictor for mental health problems two years later. Conclusions Children and adolescents with a low SES suffer from multiple stressful life situations and are exposed to a higher risk of developing mental health problems. The findings suggest that the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities and interventions for families with low parental education might help to reduce children’s mental health problems.
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189
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Tran TD, Kaligis F, Wiguna T, Willenberg L, Nguyen HTM, Luchters S, Azzopardi P, Fisher J. Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents in Indonesia: Formal validation of the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale - revised and the Kessler psychological distress scale. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:189-194. [PMID: 30583144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to culturally verify and examine the empirical psychometric properties of the Indonesian versions of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale - 10 items (K10) and a subset of 6 items of the K10, the K6 to detect depressive and anxiety disorders among older adolescents in Indonesia. METHODS The empirical psychometric properties were examined formally among students aged 16-18 years attending high schools in Jakarta. The scales were validated against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-Kid) modules for major depressive episode, dysthymia, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. RESULTS In total, 196 students contributed complete data. All of the scales had Cronbach's alpha >0.8. The areas under the ROC Curve of CESD-R against MINI depressive disorders and K10/K6 against MINI depressive and anxiety disorders were at moderate to high accuracy levels (0.78 to 0.86). The optimal cut-off value of CESD-R (scores ranging: 0-60) to screen for any depressive disorder is ≥20 (sensitivity 75.0%; specificity 79.9%). The optimal cut-off value of K10 to detect any depressive/anxiety disorders is ≥18 (sensitivity 85.7%; specificity 74.7%); and K6 is ≥12 (sensitivity 81.0%; specificity 76.6%); LIMITATIONS: The school-based sample limits the generalisability of the findings to this group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the CESD-R I is a useful tool for screening for depressive disorders and both the K10 I and K6 I are useful for screening for any depressive or anxiety disorders among Indonesian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Duc Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Kimia II no 35, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Kimia II no 35, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Willenberg
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hau Thi Minh Nguyen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Building 181, Grattan Street, Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Victoria 3004, Australia
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190
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David OA, Cardoș RAI, Matu S. Changes in irrational beliefs are responsible for the efficacy of the REThink therapeutic game in preventing emotional disorders in children and adolescents: mechanisms of change analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:307-318. [PMID: 29987559 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of change are rarely investigated in the field of gamified interventions for preventing emotional disorders in children and adolescents despite the wide recognition for the advantages they offer as prevention tool. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of change of a therapeutic game (REThink), specifically mediators and moderators of its efficacy. We conducted a randomized controlled trial, involving 165 children (age range 10-16 years), who were randomly distributed across three groups: the REThink group (N = 54), the Rational Emotive Behavior Education group (N = 55) and the Waitlist condition (N = 56). Results indicated that changes in irrational beliefs were significant mediators for the REThink intervention on depressive mood and overall negative emotions. Age did not moderate the effect of REThink, which indicates that the program was equally effective for children and adolescents.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03308981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Roxana A I Cardoș
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Silviu Matu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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191
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Miłosz M, Demkow U, Wolańczyk T. Relation Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and IgE-Dependent Allergy in Pediatric Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1096:105-109. [PMID: 29623610 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a common condition in children and adolescent, remitting with time. Few clinical studies have emphasized the link between food allergies and psychosocial conditions, suggesting a profound impact of atopic diseases on the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The objective of this study was to compile and assess available studies on the comorbidity or causality between ADHD and atopic food allergy in children. We discuss epidemiology, interrelated mechanisms, and potential dietary interventions in the management of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Miłosz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- Deaprtment of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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192
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León-Del-Barco B, Mendo-Lázaro S, Polo-Del-Río MI, López-Ramos VM. Parental Psychological Control and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders among Spanish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030507. [PMID: 30759723 PMCID: PMC6388244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is no denying the fundamental role played by parents in the psychosocial development of their children—either as a liability or as protection against mental health disorders. This study seeks to ascertain, by means of odds ratio statistics (OR), the correlation between parental psychological control and emotional and behavioral disorders. A total of 762 students took part in this study, with an average age of 12.23 years—53.8% of whom were girls and 46.2% were boys. Children and adolescents reported their parental psychological control and their emotional and behavioral disorders (i.e., emotional and behavioral problems, internalizing and externalizing problems). Minors who perceive their psychological control as high are 6 times more likely to suffer from internalizing disorders and 4.8 times more likely to develop externalizing disorders. Furthermore, the probability of suffering externalizing disorders is higher among males who perceive a high degree of psychological control. This study breaks new ground on the importance of perceived psychological control—considered as a negative form of control by parents—in the emotional and behavioral disorders among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito León-Del-Barco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Santiago Mendo-Lázaro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - María I Polo-Del-Río
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Víctor M López-Ramos
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
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193
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Burns JR, Rapee RM. School-based assessment of mental health risk in children: the preliminary development of the Child RADAR. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2019; 24:66-75. [PMID: 32677227 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening young people for risk of mental health difficulties in schools is an effective method to facilitate monitoring and early intervention. This study is a preliminary report on the adaptation of the Youth RADAR screening instrument for primary school children. Specifically designed to be used in schools, the Child RADAR assesses a child's balance of risk and protective factors known to be associated with the development of mental health problems. METHOD Three hundred and thirty-nine children drawn from six primary schools across NSW, Australia, completed the alpha version of the Child RADAR in addition to an assessment of depression and anxiety symptoms and subjective well-being. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the Child RADAR to have an acceptable factor structure. Reliability for the Total Child RADAR was satisfactory based on both internal consistency (α = .86) and test-retest reliability (r = .85). Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant associations with symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS The Child RADAR shows preliminary promise as a school-based screener of mental health risk. Further evaluation is required to demonstrate the generalizability of the instrument across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Burns
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney.,Shore, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney
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Khayyatzadeh SS, Shafiee M, Far PE, Ziaee SS, Bagherniya M, Ebrahimi S, Boromand N, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with less severe depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:467-473. [PMID: 30611966 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest on the impact of diet on depressive disorders. However, there are limited data on the association between dietary patterns and depression symptoms among Iranian adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and depression score among Iranian adolescent girls. Data were obtained from 750 adolescent girls, who were recruited from several schools using a random cluster sampling. Dietary data were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Beck's depression inventory (BDI-II) was used to assess depression severity score. The prevalence of girls diagnosed with depression was 29.1%. Three major dietary patterns were identified in the study based on factor analysis: "Healthy", "Traditional" and "Western". The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of having depressive symptoms was 0.55 (95% confidence intervals, 0.34-0.89) for the highest versus lowest quartile of the healthy dietary pattern score. However, there were no significant associations between the Traditional and Western dietary patterns and depression symptoms. Our results indicate that adherence to a Healthy dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish and dairy products is associated with a lower probability of having depressive symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Ezati Far
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Shirin Ziaee
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Deparment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nadia Boromand
- Deparment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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195
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Skylstad V, Akol A, Ndeezi G, Nalugya J, Moland KM, Tumwine JK, Engebretsen IMS. Child mental illness and the help-seeking process: a qualitative study among parents in a Ugandan community. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:3. [PMID: 30651751 PMCID: PMC6329129 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child mental illness contributes significantly to the burden of disease worldwide, and many are left untreated due to factors on both the provider and user side. Recognising this, the Ugandan Ministry of Health recently released the Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) Policy Guidelines. However, for implementation to be successful the suggested policy changes must resonate with the service users. To better understand the sociocultural factors influencing parental mental help-seeking, we sought insights from parents in the Mbale district of eastern Uganda. METHOD In this qualitative study, eight focus group discussions were conducted with mothers and fathers in urban and rural communities. Parents of children younger than 10 years were purposively selected to discuss a vignette story about a child with symptoms of depression or ADHD as well as general themes relating to child mental illness. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Descriptions of severe symptoms and epileptic seizures were emphasised when recognising problem behaviour as mental illness, as opposed to mere 'stubbornness' or challenging behaviour. A mixture of supernatural, biomedical, and environmental understandings as underlying causes was reflected in the help-seeking process, and different treatment providers and relevant institutions, such as schools, were contacted simultaneously. A notion of weakened community social support structures hampered access to care. CONCLUSION Awareness of symptoms closer to normal behaviour must be increased in order to improve the recognition of common mental illnesses in children. Stakeholders should capitalise on the common recognition of the importance of the school when planning the upscaling of and improved access to services. Multifactorial beliefs within the spiritual and biomedical realms about the causes of mental illness lead to multisectoral help-seeking, albeit without collaboration between the various disciplines. The CAMH Policy Guidelines do not address traditional service providers or provide a strategy for better integration of services, which might mean continued fragmentation and ineffective service provision of child mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Skylstad
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A. Akol
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cSchool of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - G. Ndeezi
- 0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J. Nalugya
- 0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - K. M. Moland
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J. K. Tumwine
- 0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - I. M. S. Engebretsen
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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196
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Hoffer R, Fröhlich-Gildhoff K. Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe und Versorgung bei psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindergartenalter. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2019. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Trotz Gefahr der Chronifizierung ist die Inanspruchnahme professioneller Unterstützung beim Vorliegen von psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindergartenalter gering. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Studienlage zu subjektiven Barrieren aus Elternperspektive sowie zu Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsmaßnahmen zusammengefasst. Neben äußeren Hindernissen benennen Eltern mangelnde Kenntnisse über das Hilfesystem sowie negative Überzeugungen gegenüber Inanspruchnahme als Barrieren. Als elternbezogene Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme zeigen sich v. a. positive Einstellungen bzw. Vorbehalte gegenüber Inanspruchnahme sowie eigenes elterliches Inanspruchnahmeverhalten bei psychischen Schwierigkeiten. Ein höheres Alter der Kinder, die Schwere der Psychopathologie sowie Entwicklungsverzögerungen sind kindbezogene Prädiktoren. Als Hauptprädiktor stellt sich die elterliche Problemerkennung und Sorge heraus. Die Rolle der Fachkräfte in der Kindertagesbetreuung sollte in zukünftigen Studien systematischer berücksichtigt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Hoffer
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendforschung an der Evangelischen Hochschule Freiburg
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197
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Cleary M, Visentin DC, West S, Hills AP, Kornhaber R. When the Problem Is 'Global' but the Response Is Not: Inequities in Mental Health Services in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:83-85. [PMID: 30605355 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1534477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cleary
- a School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine , University of Tasmania , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Denis C Visentin
- a School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine , University of Tasmania , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Sancia West
- a School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine , University of Tasmania , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- b College of Health and Medicine , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- a School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine , University of Tasmania , Sydney , NSW , Australia
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Roy K, Shinde S, Sarkar BK, Malik K, Parikh R, Patel V. India's response to adolescent mental health: a policy review and stakeholder analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:405-414. [PMID: 30607452 PMCID: PMC6443608 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health problems and suicide are the leading cause of mortality in young people globally. India is home to the largest number of adolescents in the world. This study was undertaken to assess the policy environment for addressing adolescent mental health in India. METHODS We conducted a review of 6 policies and programs and 11 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The findings were analyzed using the policy triangle analysis framework (i.e., context, content, actors and process). RESULTS There is no conformity of the age ranges addressed by these documents nor are vulnerable groups explicitly recognized. Stress, anxiety and depression were commonly identified as mental health concerns and diverse platforms such as community, family, school, digital and health facility were recommended to deliver preventive and treatment interventions. Some interventions specifically targeted some social determinants (like safe and supportive schools) but many others (like social norms) were not addressed. Preventive interventions were recommended for delivery through peers and other non-specialist providers while treatment interventions were recommended for delivery in healthcare facilities by specialist health professionals. There was very little engagement of young people in the development of these policies or in their implementation, except for peer educators mentioned in one policy. Stakeholders identified several major challenges in implementing these policies, notably the lack of inter-sectoral coordination and fragmentation of governance; budgetary constraints; and scanty human resources. CONCLUSIONS Although there are now several policy instruments testifying to a comprehensive approach on adolescent mental health, there are gaps in the extent of engagement of young people and how these will be operationalized that may limit their impact on addressing the burden of mental health problems in young people in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachana Parikh
- Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India
- Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vikram Patel
- Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India.
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Wolpert M, Dalzell K, Ullman R, Garland L, Cortina M, Hayes D, Patalay P, Law D. Strategies not accompanied by a mental health professional to address anxiety and depression in children and young people: a scoping review of range and a systematic review of effectiveness. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:46-60. [PMID: 30522980 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review reports on a scoping review followed by a systematic review to consider interventions designed to address or manage depression or anxiety in children and young people up to the age of 25 years without the need to involve mental health professionals. The scoping review identified 132 approaches, 103 of which referred to children or young people (younger than 25 years). These approaches included social interaction, engagement with nature, relaxation, distraction, sensory stimulation, physical activity, altering perceptions, engaging in hobbies, self-expression, and exploration. A systematic review of effectiveness studies from the literature identified in the scoping review found only 38 studies on seven types of intervention that met the inclusion criteria. 16 studies were based on cognitive or behavioural principles (15 on digital interventions and one on bibliotherapy), ten focused on physical exercise, five on light therapy, three on dietary supplements, two on massage therapy, one on online peer support, and one on contact with a dog. Most studies focused on adolescents or young adults. Evidence suggested that light therapy could be effective for season depression and that digital interventions based on attention bias modification are ineffective for anxiety. Mixed evidence was available on the effectiveness of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety, and of physical exercise for depression. All other studies had insufficient certainty to obtain even tentative conclusions about effectiveness. These results highlight the disparity between the extensive range of approaches identified in the scoping review and the restricted number and focus found in the systematic review of effectiveness of these approaches. We call for an expanded research agenda that brings evaluation rigour to a wide range of self or community approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Wolpert
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK; Child Outcomes Research Consortium, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Lauren Garland
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Melissa Cortina
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK; Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Ceballos GY, Paula CS, Ribeiro EL, Santos DN. Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center service use profile in Brazil: 2008 to 2012. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2018; 41:138-147. [PMID: 30540024 PMCID: PMC6781682 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the service use profile of Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil [CAPSi]) in Brazil regarding diagnostic categories, sociodemographic aspects, and care modalities between 2008 and 2012. METHODS A descriptive, ecological study was performed using data from the Unified Health System regarding high-complexity procedure authorizations (Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade [APAC]) for the period from 2008-2012. The variables sex, age, diagnosis (F00-F99 of ICD-10), and type of care provided were examined. The data were processed using TabWin and STATA version 12. RESULTS A total of 837,068 records were examined, each representing one visit to CAPSi. Most visits were by male users (68.8%). The most common diagnoses were hyperkinetic disorders (13%), pervasive developmental disorders (12.4%), and conduct disorders (8.4%). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral and emotional disorders that usually appear during childhood or adolescence and psychological development disorders were frequent, with more than 50% of the latter comprising autism spectrum disorders. Regional differences were observed, with a higher presence of this diagnosis in the Southeast, while the North and Northeast had a high percentage of visits due to mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane S Paula
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Darci N Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva (ISC), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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