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Adipose PTEN acts as a downstream mediator of a brain-fat axis in environmental enrichment. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 4. [PMID: 35355831 PMCID: PMC8963210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Environmental enrichment (EE) is a physiological model to investigate brain-fat interactions. We previously discovered that EE activates the hypothalamic-sympathoneural adipocyte (HSA) axis via induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thus leading to sympathetic stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) and an anti-obesity phenotype. Here, we investigate whether PTEN acts as a downstream mediator of the HSA axis in the EE. Methods Mice were housed in EE for 4- and 16-week periods to determine how EE regulates adipose PTEN. Hypothalamic injections of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing BDNF and a dominant negative form of its receptor were performed to assess the role of the HSA axis in adipose PTEN upregulation. A β-blocker, propranolol, and a denervation agent, 6-hydroydopamine, were administered to assess sympathetic signaling in the observed EE-PTEN phenotype. To determine whether inducing PTEN is sufficient to reproduce certain EE adipose remodeling, we overexpressed PTEN in WAT using an AAV vector. To determine whether adipose PTEN is necessary for the EE-mediated reduction in adipocyte size, we injected a rAAV vector expressing Cre recombinase to the WAT of adult PTENflox mice and placed the mice in EE. Results EE upregulated adipose PTEN expression, which was associated with suppression of AKT and ERK phosphorylation, increased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation, and reduced adiposity. PTEN regulation was found to be controlled by the HSA axis—with the hypothalamic BDNF acting as the upstream mediator—and dependent on sympathetic innervation. AAV-mediated adipose PTEN overexpression recapitulated EE-mediated adipose changes including suppression of AKT and ERK phosphorylation, increased HSL phosphorylation, and reduced adipose mass, whereas PTEN knockdown blocked the EE-induced reduction of adipocyte size. Conclusions These data suggest that adipose PTEN responds to environmental stimuli and serves as downstream mediator of WAT remodeling in the EE paradigm, resulting in decreased adipose mass and decreased adipocyte size. Environmental enrichment (EE) induces adipose PTEN expression and is associated with (1) suppression of AKT phosphorylation, (2) increased hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation, and (3) decreased adiposity The hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte (HSA) axis mediates EE-induced adipose PTEN rAAV-mediated gene delivery of PTEN to adipose tissues mimics EE-related adipose remodeling Knockdown of adipose PTEN blocks EE-induced reductions in adipocyte size
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Duarte-Alonso A, Cu-Cañetas TE, Avila-Nava A, Sansores-España D, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Sandoval-Peraza M, Chel-Guerrero L, Torre-Villalvazo I. A Cecropia peltata ethanolic extract reduces insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113087. [PMID: 32534116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia peltata L. (CP) leaves have been used in Latin American traditional medicine by its purported hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of an ethanolic extract of CP leaves in rats fed a high-fat diet and 10% of sugar in water (HFD). METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 was fed a control diet; groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed a HFD. In addition, group 3 was co-administered with 10 mg/kg/day of CP extract (HFD + CP) and group 4 with a solution of 5 mg/kg/day metformin (HFD + M) for 90 days. RESULTS Body weight gain and serum triglycerides were significantly decreased in the HFD + CP group compared with the HFD and HFD + M groups. Glucose tolerance increased in the HFD + CP compared with the HFD group. Administration with CP extract reduced adipose tissue lipolysis and lipid accumulation in liver of HFD + CP rats with respect to HFD and HFD + M groups. Histological examinations showed that the area of the adipocytes in WAT and the area of lipid vesicles in BAT were significantly smaller in the HFD + CP group than in the HFD and HFD + M groups. CONCLUSION Administration of a CP extract prevented glucose intolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats fed a HFD in association with reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, demonstrating potential antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Duarte-Alonso
- Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Carretera a Cholul 176, C.P. 97305, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | | | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de La Península de Yucatán, Calle 7, No. 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, Mérida, C.P. 97130, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Delia Sansores-España
- Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Carretera a Cholul 176, C.P. 97305, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Juan José Acevedo-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Calle Leñeros S/n, Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca Mor, C.P. 62350, Mexico.
| | - Mukthar Sandoval-Peraza
- Escuela de Ciencias de La Salud. Universidad Del Valle de México, Calle 79 No 500 Col. Dzityá. Altura Km 9.5 de La Carretera a Progreso, C.P. 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Chel-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km. 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, 97203, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de La Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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153
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Shaik AN, Kiavash K, Stark K, Boerner JL, Ruterbusch JJ, Deirawan H, Bandyopadhyay S, Ali-Fehmi R, Dyson G, Cote ML. Inflammation markers on benign breast biopsy are associated with risk of invasive breast cancer in African American women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:831-839. [PMID: 33113091 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Markers of inflammation, including crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B) and infiltrating lymphocytes (IL), have been identified in breast tissue and associated with increased risk of breast cancer (BrCa), however most of this work has been performed in primarily non-Hispanic white women. Here, we examined whether CLS-B and IL are associated with invasive BrCa in African American (AA) women. METHODS We assessed breast biopsies from three 5-year age-matched groups: BrCa-free AA women (50 Volunteer) from the Komen Normal Tissue Bank (KTB) and AA women with a clinically-indicated biopsy diagnosed with benign breast disease (BBD) from our Detroit cohort who developed BrCa (55 BBD-cancer) or did not develop BrCa (47 BBD only, year of biopsy matched to BBD-cancer). Mean adipocyte diameter and total adipose area were estimated from digital images using the Adiposoft plugin from ImageJ. Associations between CLS-B, IL, and BrCa among KTB and Detroit biopsies were assessed using multivariable multinomial and conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Among all biopsies, Volunteer and BBD only biopsies did not harbor CLS-B or IL at significantly different rates after adjusting for logarithm of adipocyte area, adipocyte diameter, and BMI. Among clinically-indicated BBD biopsies, BBD-cancer biopsies were more likely to exhibit CLS-B (odds ratio (OR) = 3.36, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.33-8.48) or IL (OR = 4.95, 95% CI 1.76-13.9) than BBD only biopsies after adjusting for total adipocyte area, adipocyte diameter, proliferative disease, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS CLS-B and IL may serve as histological markers of BrCa risk in benign breast biopsies from AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra N Shaik
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katrin Kiavash
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Karri Stark
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Julie L Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Julie J Ruterbusch
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hany Deirawan
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R. St, Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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154
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van de Peppel IP, Rao A, Dommerholt MB, Bongiovanni L, Thomas R, de Bruin A, Karpen SJ, Dawson PA, Verkade HJ, Jonker JW. The Beneficial Effects of Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter Inactivation Depend on Dietary Fat Composition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000750. [PMID: 33079450 PMCID: PMC7757219 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, SLC10A2) is important in the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and thereby in the intestinal absorption of lipids. ASBT inhibition has been shown to improve aspects of the metabolic syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, the effect of ASBT inhibition on the uptake of specific fatty acids and its consequences for diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are investigated. METHODS Intestinal fat absorption is determined in mice receiving an ASBT inhibitor and in Asbt-/- mice. Metabolic disease development is determined in Asbt-/- mice receiving a low-fat control diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or PUFAs. RESULTS Both ASBT inhibition and Asbt gene inactivation reduce total fat absorption, particularly of SFAs. Asbt gene inactivation lowers bodyweight gain, improves insulin sensitivity, and decreases the NAFLD activity score upon feeding a HFD rich in SFAs, but not in PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial metabolic effects of ASBT inactivation on diet-induced obesity depend on decreased intestinal absorption of SFAs, and thus on the dietary fatty acid composition. These findings highlight the importance of dietary fatty acid composition in the therapeutic effects of ASBT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P. van de Peppel
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713 GZThe Netherlands
| | - Anuradha Rao
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine1760 Haygood Drive NortheastAtlantaGA 30322USA
| | - Marleen B. Dommerholt
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713 GZThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Dutch Molecular Pathology CentreDepartment of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 1Utrecht3584 CLThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology CentreDepartment of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 1Utrecht3584 CLThe Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology CentreDepartment of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 1Utrecht3584 CLThe Netherlands
| | - Saul J. Karpen
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine1760 Haygood Drive NortheastAtlantaGA 30322USA
| | - Paul A. Dawson
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine1760 Haygood Drive NortheastAtlantaGA 30322USA
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713 GZThe Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1Groningen9713 GZThe Netherlands
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155
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Isnaldi E, Richard F, De Schepper M, Vincent D, Leduc S, Maetens M, Geukens T, Floris G, Rouas G, Cardoso F, Sotiriou C, Zoppoli G, Larsimont D, Biganzoli E, Desmedt C. Digital analysis of distant and cancer-associated mammary adipocytes. Breast 2020; 54:179-186. [PMID: 33120083 PMCID: PMC7589564 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are poorly investigated cells in the tumor microenvironment. Different image analysis software exist for identifying and measuring these cells using scanned hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides. It is however unclear which one is the most appropriate for breast cancer (BC) samples. Here, we compared three software (AdipoCount, Adiposoft, and HALO®). HALO® outperformed the other methods with regard to adipocyte identification, (> 96% sensitivity and specificity). All software performed equally good with regard to area and diameter measurement (concordance correlation coefficients > 0.97 and > 0.96, respectively). We then analyzed a series of 10 BCE samples (n = 51 H&E slides) with HALO®. Distant adipocytes were defined >2 mm away from cancer cells or fibrotic region, whereas CAAs as the first three lines of adipocytes close to the invasive front. Intra-mammary heterogeneity was limited, implying that measuring a single region of ∼500 adipocytes provides a reliable estimation of the distribution of their size features. CAAs had smaller areas (median fold-change: 2.62) and diameters (median fold-change: 1.64) as compared to distant adipocytes in the same breast (both p = 0.002). The size of CAAs and distant adipocytes was associated with the body mass index (BMI) of the patient (area: rho = 0.89, p = 0.001; rho = 0.71, p = 0.027, diameter: rho = 0.87 p = 0.002; rho = 0.65 p = 0.049, respectively). To conclude, we demonstrate that quantifying adipocytes in BC sections is feasible by digital pathology using H&E sections, setting the basis for a standardized analysis of mammary adiposity in larger series of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Isnaldi
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, IT-16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - François Richard
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim De Schepper
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine Vincent
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, J.C. Heuson Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophia Leduc
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Geukens
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- KU Leuven, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghizlane Rouas
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, J.C. Heuson Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Breast Unit, P-1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, J.C. Heuson Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, IT-16132, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS per L'Oncologia, IT-16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet, Pathology Department, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elia Biganzoli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics "Giulio A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health & DSRC, University of Milan, Campus Cascina Rosa, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IT-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Desmedt
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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156
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Pilling D, Karhadkar TR, Gomer RH. High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue and Liver Inflammation and Steatosis in Mice Are Reduced by Inhibiting Sialidases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:131-143. [PMID: 33039353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation and steatosis of adipose tissue and liver are associated with a variety of serious health risks. Sialic acids are found as the distal terminal sugar on glycoproteins, which are removed by sialidases (neuraminidases). In humans and mice, pulmonary fibrosis is associated with up-regulation of sialidases, and injections of sialidase inhibitors attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Sialidase levels are altered in obese rodents and humans. This report shows that for mice on an HFD, injections of the sialidase inhibitor N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid inhibit weight gain, reduce steatosis, and decrease adipose tissue and liver inflammation. Compared with control, mice lacking the sialidase neuraminidase 3 have reduced HFD-induced adipose tissue and liver inflammation. These data suggest that sialidases promote adipose and liver inflammation in response to a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | | | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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157
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Hsiao WY, Jung SM, Tang Y, Haley JA, Li R, Li H, Calejman CM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Hung CM, Luciano AK, DeMambro V, Wellen KE, Rosen CJ, Zhu LJ, Guertin DA. The Lipid Handling Capacity of Subcutaneous Fat Is Programmed by mTORC2 during Development. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108223. [PMID: 33027655 PMCID: PMC7607535 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but all fat is not equal, as storing excess lipid in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) is more metabolically favorable than in visceral fat. Here, we uncover a critical role for mTORC2 in setting SWAT lipid handling capacity. We find that subcutaneous white preadipocytes differentiating without the essential mTORC2 subunit Rictor upregulate mature adipocyte markers but develop a striking lipid storage defect resulting in smaller adipocytes, reduced tissue size, lipid re-distribution to visceral and brown fat, and sex-distinct effects on systemic metabolic fitness. Mechanistically, mTORC2 promotes transcriptional upregulation of select lipid metabolism genes controlled by PPARγ and ChREBP, including genes that control lipid uptake, synthesis, and degradation pathways as well as Akt2, which encodes a major mTORC2 substrate and insulin effector. Further exploring this pathway may uncover new strategies to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yuefeng Tang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John A. Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Camila Martinez Calejman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chien-Min Hung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amelia K. Luciano
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, MN 04074, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, MN 04074, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David A. Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence:
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158
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Saha PK, Hamilton MP, Rajapakshe K, Putluri V, Felix JB, Masschelin P, Cox AR, Bajaj M, Putluri N, Coarfa C, Hartig SM. miR-30a targets gene networks that promote browning of human and mouse adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E667-E677. [PMID: 32799658 PMCID: PMC7864240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00045.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-30a (miR-30a) impacts adipocyte function, and its expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) correlates with insulin sensitivity in obesity. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrates that miR-30a expression contributes to 2% of all miRNA expression in human tissues. However, molecular mechanisms of miR-30a function in fat cells remain unclear. Here, we expanded our understanding of how miR-30a expression contributes to antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity and metabolic functions in adipocytes. We found that WAT isolated from diabetic patients shows reduced miR-30a levels and diminished expression of the canonical PPARγ target genes ADIPOQ and FABP4 relative to lean counterparts. In human adipocytes, miR-30a required PPARγ for maximal expression, and the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone robustly induced miR-30a but not other miR-30 family members. Transcriptional activity studies in human adipocytes also revealed that ectopic expression of miR-30a enhanced the activity of rosiglitazone coupled with higher expression of fatty acid and glucose metabolism markers. Diabetic mice that overexpress ectopic miR-30a in subcutaneous WAT display durable reductions in serum glucose and insulin levels for more than 30 days. In agreement with our in vitro findings, RNA-seq coupled with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that miR-30a enabled activation of the beige fat program in vivo, as evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and induction of UCP1 expression. Metabolomic and gene expression profiling established that the long-term effects of ectopic miR-30a expression enable accelerated glucose metabolism coupled with subcutaneous WAT hyperplasia. Together, we establish a putative role of miR-30a in mediating PPARγ activity and advancing metabolic programs of white to beige fat conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Saha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica B Felix
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Masschelin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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159
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Szeto A, Cecati M, Ahmed R, McCabe PM, Mendez AJ. Oxytocin reduces adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:188. [PMID: 32819381 PMCID: PMC7441653 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and adipose tissue expansion is characterized by a chronic state of systemic inflammation that contributes to disease. The neuropeptide, oxytocin, working through its receptor has been shown to attenuate inflammation in sepsis, wound healing, and cardiovascular disease. The current study examined the effects of chronic oxytocin infusions on adipose tissue inflammation in a murine model of obesity, the leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mouse. METHODS The effect of obesity on oxytocin receptor protein and mRNA expression in adipose tissue was evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps filled with oxytocin or vehicle for 8 weeks. At study endpoint adipose tissue inflammation was assessed by measurement of cytokine and adipokine mRNA tissue levels, adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration via histopathology, and plasma levels of adiponectin and serum amyloid A as markers of systemic inflammation. RESULTS The expression of adipose tissue oxytocin receptor was increased in obese db/db mice compared to lean controls. In adipose tissue oxytocin infusion reduced adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin. In plasma, oxytocin infusion reduced the level of serum amyloid A, a marker of systemic inflammation, and increased circulating adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS In an animal model of obesity and diabetes chronic oxytocin treatment led to a reduction in visceral adipose tissue inflammation and plasma markers of systemic inflammation, which may play a role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Szeto
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Raisa Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Philip M McCabe
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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160
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Fischer AW, Behrens J, Sass F, Schlein C, Heine M, Pertzborn P, Scheja L, Heeren J. Brown adipose tissue lipoprotein and glucose disposal is not determined by thermogenesis in uncoupling protein 1-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1377-1389. [PMID: 32769145 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is highly dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a protein expressed by thermogenic adipocytes present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). Thermogenic capacity of human and mouse BAT can be measured by positron emission tomography-computed tomography quantifying the uptake of 18F-fluodeoxyglucose or lipid tracers. BAT activation is typically studied in response to cold exposure or treatment with β-3-adrenergic receptor agonists such as CL316,243 (CL). Currently, it is unknown whether cold-stimulated uptake of glucose or lipid tracers is a good surrogate marker of UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. In metabolic studies using radiolabeled tracers, we found that glucose uptake is increased in mildly cold-activated BAT of Ucp1 -/- versus WT mice kept at subthermoneutral temperature. Conversely, lower glucose disposal was detected after full thermogenic activation achieved by sustained cold exposure or CL treatment. In contrast, uptake of lipoprotein-derived fatty acids into chronically activated thermogenic adipose tissues was substantially increased in UCP1-deficient mice. This effect is linked to higher sympathetic tone in adipose tissues of Ucp1 -/- mice, as indicated by elevated levels of thermogenic genes in BAT and WAT. Thus, glucose and lipoprotein handling does not necessarily reflect UCP1-dependent thermogenic activity, but especially lipid uptake rather mirrors sympathetic activation of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pertzborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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161
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Delgadillo-Puga C, Noriega LG, Morales-Romero AM, Nieto-Camacho A, Granados-Portillo O, Rodríguez-López LA, Alemán G, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Tovar AR, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Torre-Villalvazo I. Goat's Milk Intake Prevents Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet by Reducing Inflammatory Markers and Increasing Energy Expenditure and Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155530. [PMID: 32752280 PMCID: PMC7432599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat's milk is a rich source of bioactive compounds (peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, short chain fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols such as phytoestrogens and minerals among others) that exert important health benefits. However, goat's milk composition depends on the type of food provided to the animal and thus, the abundance of bioactive compounds in milk depends on the dietary sources of the goat feed. The metabolic impact of goat milk rich in bioactive compounds during metabolic challenges such as a high-fat (HF) diet has not been explored. Thus, we evaluated the effect of milk from goats fed a conventional diet, a conventional diet supplemented with 30% Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods or grazing on metabolic alterations in mice fed a HF diet. Interestingly, the incorporation of goat's milk in the diet decreased body weight and body fat mass, improved glucose tolerance, prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a HF diet. These effects were associated with an increase in energy expenditure, augmented oxidative fibers in skeletal muscle, and reduced inflammatory markers. Consequently, goat's milk can be considered a non-pharmacologic strategy to improve the metabolic alterations induced by a HF diet. Using the body surface area normalization method gave a conversion equivalent daily human intake dose of 1.4 to 2.8 glasses (250 mL per glass/day) of fresh goat milk for an adult of 60 kg, which can be used as reference for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.D.-P.); (I.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-55-54870900 (C.D.-P. & I.T.-V.)
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Aurora M. Morales-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Leonardo A. Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Gabriela Alemán
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.-P.); (I.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-55-54870900 (C.D.-P. & I.T.-V.)
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162
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Glastonbury CA, Pulit SL, Honecker J, Censin JC, Laber S, Yaghootkar H, Rahmioglu N, Pastel E, Kos K, Pitt A, Hudson M, Nellåker C, Beer NL, Hauner H, Becker CM, Zondervan KT, Frayling TM, Claussnitzer M, Lindgren CM. Machine Learning based histology phenotyping to investigate the epidemiologic and genetic basis of adipocyte morphology and cardiometabolic traits. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008044. [PMID: 32797044 PMCID: PMC7449405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have recently highlighted the importance of fat distribution, as well as overall adiposity, in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. Using a large study (n = 1,288) from 4 independent cohorts, we aimed to investigate the relationship between mean adipocyte area and obesity-related traits, and identify genetic factors associated with adipocyte cell size. To perform the first large-scale study of automatic adipocyte phenotyping using both histological and genetic data, we developed a deep learning-based method, the Adipocyte U-Net, to rapidly derive mean adipocyte area estimates from histology images. We validate our method using three state-of-the-art approaches; CellProfiler, Adiposoft and floating adipocytes fractions, all run blindly on two external cohorts. We observe high concordance between our method and the state-of-the-art approaches (Adipocyte U-net vs. CellProfiler: R2visceral = 0.94, P < 2.2 × 10-16, R2subcutaneous = 0.91, P < 2.2 × 10-16), and faster run times (10,000 images: 6mins vs 3.5hrs). We applied the Adipocyte U-Net to 4 cohorts with histology, genetic, and phenotypic data (total N = 820). After meta-analysis, we found that mean adipocyte area positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (Psubq = 8.13 × 10-69, βsubq = 0.45; Pvisc = 2.5 × 10-55, βvisc = 0.49; average R2 across cohorts = 0.49) and that adipocytes in subcutaneous depots are larger than their visceral counterparts (Pmeta = 9.8 × 10-7). Lastly, we performed the largest GWAS and subsequent meta-analysis of mean adipocyte area and intra-individual adipocyte variation (N = 820). Despite having twice the number of samples than any similar study, we found no genome-wide significant associations, suggesting that larger sample sizes and a homogenous collection of adipose tissue are likely needed to identify robust genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Glastonbury
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- BenevolentAI, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara L. Pulit
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julius Honecker
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jenny C. Censin
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (WCHG), Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Laber
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (WCHG), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Pastel
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Kos
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pitt
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Hudson
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christoffer Nellåker
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola L. Beer
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (NNRCO), Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich
- German Center of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian M. Becker
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krina T. Zondervan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (WCHG), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States of America
- University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (WCHG), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States of America
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163
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Ros P, Díaz F, Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. Sex Differences in Long-term Metabolic Effects of Maternal Resveratrol Intake in Adult Rat Offspring. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5851847. [PMID: 32502250 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition can affect the susceptibility of the offspring to metabolic disease later in life, suggesting that this period is a window of opportunity for intervention to reduce the risk of metabolic disease. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has a wide range of beneficial properties including anti-obesogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-diabetic effects. We previously reported that maternal resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation has early metabolic effects in the offspring with these effects at weaning depending on the type of diet ingested by the mother and the offspring's sex. Here we analyzed whether these metabolic changes are maintained in the adult offspring and if they remain sex and maternal diet dependent. Wistar rats received a low-fat diet (LFD; 10.2% Kcal from fat) or high fat diet (HFD; 61.6% Kcal from fat) during pregnancy and lactation. Half of each group received resveratrol in their drinking water (50 mg/L). Offspring were weaned onto standard chow on postnatal day 21. Maternal resveratrol reduced serum cholesterol levels in all adult offspring from HFD mothers and increased it in adult female offspring from LFD mothers. Resveratrol increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in LFD offspring in both sexes but decreased it in male HFD offspring. Resveratrol shifted the distribution of VAT adipocyte size to a significantly higher incidence of large adipocytes, regardless of sex or maternal diet. These results clearly demonstrate that maternal resveratrol intake has long-lasting effects on metabolic health of offspring in a sex specific manner with these effects being highly dependent on the maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Ros
- Hospital Universitario Puerto de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Food Institute (IMDEA), Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Food Institute (IMDEA), Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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164
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Bansal P, Bhandari U, Sharma K, Arya P. Embelin modulates metabolic endotoxemia and associated obesity in high fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:60-70. [PMID: 32735172 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120934522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of embelin in metabolic endotoxemia (ME) mediated inflammation and associated obesity in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. The molecular docking of embelin confirms its binding with the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). In vivo study, mice were treated with HFD for 8 weeks to induce ME mediated inflammation and associated obesity. Further, mice were treated with embelin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and orlistat (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) from 5th to 8th week along with HFD to improve associated changes. After 8 weeks, mice were euthanized and assessed for body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat pad weights (mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and epididymal), intestinal permeability, TLR-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, lipopolysaccharide, and serum lipid levels followed by histopathological analysis of liver and adipose tissues. Embelin significantly decreased the body weight, BMI, serum lipid levels, ME, and inflammation manifested by above parameters. Further, results of histopathological study showed that embelin restored the vacuolization, inflammation, one side shifting of nucleus in liver tissue, and decreased adipocyte cells size in adipose tissue in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our findings provide the strong evidence first time that embelin could modulate ME, mediate inflammation, and consequently reduce body weight gain, BMI, and serum lipid levels in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - U Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - P Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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165
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Van Herck MA, Vonghia L, Kwanten WJ, Vanwolleghem T, Ebo DG, Michielsen PP, De Man JG, Gama L, De Winter BY, Francque SM. Adoptive Cell Transfer of Regulatory T Cells Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1711. [PMID: 32849604 PMCID: PMC7412973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multisystem condition, involving the liver, adipose tissue, and immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of T cells that exert an immune-controlling effect. Previously, a reduction of Treg cells in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was shown to be associated with a more severe degree of liver disease. We aimed to correct this immune disruption through adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of Treg cells. Methods: Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) for 20 weeks. Treg cells were isolated from the spleens of healthy 8 to 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice and were adoptively transferred to HFHFD-fed mice. PBS-injected mice served as controls. Plasma ALT and lipid levels were determined. Liver and adipose tissue were assessed histologically. Cytotoxic T (Tc), Treg, T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells were characterized in VAT, liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), blood, and spleen via flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed in SAT and VAT of mice fed either the HFHFD or a control diet for 10-32 weeks. Results: ACT increased Treg cells in SAT, but not in any of the other tissues. Moreover, the ACT induced a decrease in Th1 cells in SAT, liver, blood, and spleen. Higher plasma ALT levels and a higher degree of steatosis were observed in ACT mice, whereas the other HFHFD-induced metabolic and histologic disruptions were unaffected. Expression analysis of genes related to Treg-cell proliferation revealed a HFHFD-induced decrease in all investigated genes in the SAT, while in the VAT the expression of these genes was largely unaffected, except for a decrease in Pparg. Conclusion: ACT of Treg cells in HFHFD-fed mice exacerbated hepatic steatosis, which was possibly related to the increase of Treg cells in the SAT and/or the general decrease in Th1 cells. Moreover, the HFHFD-induced decrease in Pparg expression appeared critical in the decrease of Treg cells at the level of the VAT and the inability to replenish the amount of Treg cells by the ACT, while the mechanism of Treg cell accumulation at the level of the SAT remained unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaïl A Van Herck
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P Michielsen
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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166
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Gourronc FA, Markan KR, Kulhankova K, Zhu Z, Sheehy R, Quelle DE, Zingman LV, Kurago ZB, Ankrum JA, Klingelhutz AJ. Pdgfrα-Cre mediated knockout of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects mice from high-fat diet induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236741. [PMID: 32730300 PMCID: PMC7392206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists such as dioxin have been associated with obesity and the development of diabetes. Whole-body Ahr knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) have been shown to resist obesity and hepatic steatosis. Tissue-specific knockout of Ahr in mature adipocytes via adiponectin-Cre exacerbates obesity while knockout in liver increases steatosis without having significant effects on obesity. Our previous studies demonstrated that treatment of subcutaneous preadipocytes with exogenous or endogenous AHR agonists disrupts maturation into functional adipocytes in vitro. Here, we used platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfrα)-Cre mice, a Cre model previously established to knock out genes in preadipocyte lineages and other cell types, but not liver cells, to further define AHR's role in obesity. We demonstrate that Pdgfrα-Cre Ahr-floxed (Ahrfl/fl) knockout mice are protected from HFD-induced obesity compared to non-knockout Ahrfl/fl mice (control mice). The Pdgfrα-Cre Ahrfl/fl knockout mice were also protected from increased adiposity, enlargement of adipocyte size, and liver steatosis while on the HFD compared to control mice. On a regular control diet, knockout and non-knockout mice showed no differences in weight gain, indicating the protective phenotype arises only when animals are challenged by a HFD. At the cellular level, cultured cells from brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Pdgfrα-Cre Ahrfl/fl mice were more responsive than cells from controls to transcriptional activation of the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) gene by norepinephrine, suggesting an ability to burn more energy under certain conditions. Collectively, our results show that knockout of Ahr mediated by Pdgfrα-Cre is protective against diet-induced obesity and suggest a mechanism by which enhanced UCP1 activity within BAT might confer these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise A. Gourronc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Markan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Katarina Kulhankova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Ryan Sheehy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansas City University, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Leonid V. Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Zoya B. Kurago
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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167
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Choi EW, Lee M, Song JW, Kim K, Lee J, Yang J, Lee SH, Kim IY, Choi JH, Seong JK. Fas mutation reduces obesity by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 expression and promoting white adipose tissue browning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12001. [PMID: 32686763 PMCID: PMC7371740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue generates heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1 to protect against obesity and hypothermia. Fas mutant MRL/lpr mice exhibit a significantly leaner phenotype compared to wild type MRL/MpJ mice. In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory cell population in the adipose tissue of MRL/lpr mice, which could potentially influence their lean phenotype. Furthermore, we compared beige fat activity between the MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice. Fas mutation resulted in high body temperature, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased fat mass and adipocyte size. Fas mutation prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and decreased the white adipose tissue M1:M2 ratio. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, UCP1, IL-4, IL-10, and tyrosine hydroxylase genes had significantly higher expression in Fas-mutant mice than in wild type mice. After a cold challenge, UCP1 expression and browning were also significantly higher in the Fas-mutant mice. In summary, Fas-mutant mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity due to increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels and the promotion of thermogenic protein activity and browning in their adipose tissues. STAT6 activation might contribute to M2 polarisation by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels while increases in M2 and tyrosine hydroxylase levels promote browning in response to Fas mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Wha Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minjae Lee
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woo Song
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongdae Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehoon Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Interdiscplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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168
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Luijten IHN, Brooks K, Boulet N, Shabalina IG, Jaiprakash A, Carlsson B, Fischer AW, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Glucocorticoid-Induced Obesity Develops Independently of UCP1. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1686-1698.e5. [PMID: 31067456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An excess of glucocorticoids leads to the development of obesity in both mice and humans, but the mechanism for this is unknown. Here, we determine the extent to which decreased BAT thermogenic capacity (as a result of glucocorticoid treatment) contributes to the development of obesity. Contrary to previous suggestions, we show that only in mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) does corticosterone treatment reduce total BAT UCP1 protein. This reduction is reflected in reduced brown adipocyte cellular and mitochondrial UCP1-dependent respiration. However, glucocorticoid-induced obesity develops to the same extent in animals housed at 21°C and 30°C, whereas total BAT UCP1 protein levels differ 100-fold between the two groups. In corticosterone-treated wild-type and UCP1 knockout mice housed at 30°C, obesity also develops to the same extent. Thus, our results demonstrate that the development of glucocorticoid-induced obesity is not caused by a decreased UCP1-dependent thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke H N Luijten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katie Brooks
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ankita Jaiprakash
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Carlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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169
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García-Gaytán AC, Miranda-Anaya M, Turrubiate I, López-De Portugal L, Bocanegra-Botello GN, López-Islas A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Synchronization of the circadian clock by time-restricted feeding with progressive increasing calorie intake. Resemblances and differences regarding a sustained hypocaloric restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10036. [PMID: 32572063 PMCID: PMC7308331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are the product of the interaction of molecular clocks and environmental signals, such as light-dark cycles and eating-fasting cycles. Several studies have demonstrated that the circadian rhythm of peripheral clocks, and behavioural and metabolic mediators are re-synchronized in rodents fed under metabolic challenges, such as hyper- or hypocaloric diets and subjected to time-restricted feeding protocols. Despite the metabolic challenge, these approaches improve the metabolic status, raising the enquiry whether removing progressively the hypocaloric challenge in a time-restricted feeding protocol leads to metabolic benefits by the synchronizing effect. To address this issue, we compared the effects of two time-restricted feeding protocols, one involved hypocaloric intake during the entire protocol (HCT) and the other implied a progressive intake accomplishing a normocaloric intake at the end of the protocol (NCT) on several behavioural, metabolic, and molecular rhythmic parameters. We observed that the food anticipatory activity (FAA) was driven and maintained in both HCT and NCT. Resynchronization of hepatic molecular clock, free fatty acids (FFAs), and FGF21 was elicited closely by HCT and NCT. We further observed that the fasting cycles involved in both protocols promoted ketone body production, preferentially beta-hydroxybutyrate in HCT, whereas acetoacetate was favoured in NCT before access to food. These findings demonstrate that time-restricted feeding does not require a sustained calorie restriction for promoting and maintaining the synchronization of the metabolic and behavioural circadian clock, and suggest that metabolic modulators, such as FFAs and FGF21, could contribute to FAA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina García-Gaytán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Isaías Turrubiate
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Leonardo López-De Portugal
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | | | - Amairani López-Islas
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México.
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170
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García-Gaytán AC, Miranda-Anaya M, Turrubiate I, López-De Portugal L, Bocanegra-Botello GN, López-Islas A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Synchronization of the circadian clock by time-restricted feeding with progressive increasing calorie intake. Resemblances and differences regarding a sustained hypocaloric restriction. Sci Rep 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCircadian rhythms are the product of the interaction of molecular clocks and environmental signals, such as light-dark cycles and eating-fasting cycles. Several studies have demonstrated that the circadian rhythm of peripheral clocks, and behavioural and metabolic mediators are re-synchronized in rodents fed under metabolic challenges, such as hyper- or hypocaloric diets and subjected to time-restricted feeding protocols. Despite the metabolic challenge, these approaches improve the metabolic status, raising the enquiry whether removing progressively the hypocaloric challenge in a time-restricted feeding protocol leads to metabolic benefits by the synchronizing effect. To address this issue, we compared the effects of two time-restricted feeding protocols, one involved hypocaloric intake during the entire protocol (HCT) and the other implied a progressive intake accomplishing a normocaloric intake at the end of the protocol (NCT) on several behavioural, metabolic, and molecular rhythmic parameters. We observed that the food anticipatory activity (FAA) was driven and maintained in both HCT and NCT. Resynchronization of hepatic molecular clock, free fatty acids (FFAs), and FGF21 was elicited closely by HCT and NCT. We further observed that the fasting cycles involved in both protocols promoted ketone body production, preferentially beta-hydroxybutyrate in HCT, whereas acetoacetate was favoured in NCT before access to food. These findings demonstrate that time-restricted feeding does not require a sustained calorie restriction for promoting and maintaining the synchronization of the metabolic and behavioural circadian clock, and suggest that metabolic modulators, such as FFAs and FGF21, could contribute to FAA expression.
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171
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Matsuo FS, Cavalcanti de Araújo PH, Mota RF, Carvalho AJR, Santos de Queiroz M, Baldo de Almeida B, Ferreira KCDOS, Metzner RJM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Osako MK. RANKL induces beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E866-E877. [PMID: 32315212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a triad of proteins that regulate bone metabolism, and serum OPG is considered a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes; however, the implications of OPG in adipose tissue metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling in white adipose tissue browning. Histological analysis of osteoprotegerin knockout (OPG-/-) mice showed subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) browning, resistance for high-fat diet-induced weight gain, and preserved glucose metabolism compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from sWAT of OPG-/- mice showed multilocular morphology and higher expression of brown adipocyte marker genes compared with those from the WT group. Infusion of RANKL induced browning and elevated respiratory rates in sWAT, along with increased whole body oxygen consumption in mice measured by indirect calorimetry. Subcutaneous WAT-derived SVF and 3T3-L1 cells, but not mature white adipocytes, differentiated into beige adipose tissue in the presence of RANKL. Moreover, SVF cells, even under white adipocyte differentiation, showed multilocular lipid droplet, lower lipid content, and increased expression of beige adipocyte markers with RANKL stimulation. In this study, we show for the first time the contribution of RANKL to increase energy expenditure by inducing beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, Beige/cytology
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Beige/ultrastructure
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/ultrastructure
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Lipid Droplets/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/genetics
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Oxygen Consumption/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/pharmacology
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Subcutaneous Fat/drug effects
- Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
- Weight Gain/drug effects
- Weight Gain/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sayuri Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Cavalcanti de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ryerson Fonseca Mota
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia Rossoni Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Baldo de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristine de Oliveira Santos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jair Morandi Metzner
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kiomy Osako
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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172
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Tengeler AC, Gart E, Wiesmann M, Arnoldussen IAC, van Duyvenvoorde W, Hoogstad M, Dederen PJ, Verweij V, Geenen B, Kozicz T, Kleemann R, Morrison MC, Kiliaan AJ. Propionic acid and not caproic acid, attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and improves (cerebro) vascular functions in obese Ldlr -/- .Leiden mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:9575-9593. [PMID: 32472598 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000455r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic increases the interest to elucidate impact of short-chain fatty acids on metabolism, obesity, and the brain. We investigated the effects of propionic acid (PA) and caproic acid (CA) on metabolic risk factors, liver and adipose tissue pathology, brain function, structure (by MRI), and gene expression, during obesity development in Ldlr-/- .Leiden mice. Ldlr-/- .Leiden mice received 16 weeks either a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, or chow as reference group. Next, obese HFD-fed mice were treated 12 weeks with (a) HFD + CA (CA), (b) HFD + PA (PA), or (c) a HFD-control group. PA reduced the body weight and systolic blood pressure, lowered fasting insulin levels, and reduced HFD-induced liver macrovesicular steatosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, and collagen content. PA increased the amount of glucose transporter type 1-positive cerebral blood vessels, reverted cerebral vasoreactivity, and HFD-induced effects in microstructural gray and white matter integrity of optic tract, and somatosensory and visual cortex. PA and CA also reverted HFD-induced effects in functional connectivity between visual and auditory cortex. However, PA mice were more anxious in open field, and showed reduced activity of synaptogenesis and glutamate regulators in hippocampus. Therefore, PA treatment should be used with caution even though positive metabolic, (cerebro) vascular, and brain structural and functional effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Hoogstad
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Dederen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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173
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Miladinovic D, Cusick T, Mahon KL, Haynes AM, Cortie CH, Meyer BJ, Stricker PD, Wittert GA, Butler LM, Horvath LG, Hoy AJ. Assessment of Periprostatic and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Adipocyte Size from Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061385. [PMID: 32481537 PMCID: PMC7352157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), the thickness of which has been associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). There are limited data regarding the functional characteristics of PPAT, how it compares to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and whether in a setting of localized PCa, these traits are altered by obesity or disease aggressiveness. PPAT and SAT were collected from 60 men (age: 42–78 years, BMI: 21.3–35.6 kg/m2) undergoing total prostatectomy for PCa. Compared to SAT, adipocytes in PPAT were smaller, had the same basal rates of fatty acid release (lipolysis) yet released less polyunsaturated fatty acid species, and were more sensitive to isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Basal lipolysis of PPAT was increased in men diagnosed with less aggressive PCa (Gleason score (GS) ≤ 3 + 4) compared to men with more aggressive PCa (GS ≥ 4 + 3) but no other measured adipocyte parameters related to PCa aggressiveness. Likewise, there was no difference in PPAT lipid biology between lean and obese men. In conclusion, lipid biological features of PPAT do differ from SAT; however, we did not observe any meaningful difference in ex vivo PPAT biology that is associated with PCa aggressiveness or obesity. As such, our findings do not support a relationship between altered PCa behavior in obese men and the metabolic reprogramming of PPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan Miladinovic
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Haynes
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Colin H. Cortie
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Phillip D. Stricker
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Prostate Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Clinic, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Wiggenhauser PS, Kuhlmann C, Blum J, Giunta RE, Schenck T. Influence of software parameters on measurements in automatized image-based analysis of fat tissue histology. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151537. [PMID: 32197756 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of fat tissue plays an eminent role in plastic surgery as well as in metabolic research. Histopathological analysis of tissue samples provides insight in free fat graft survival and culture experiments help to better understand fat tissue derived stem cells (ASCs). To facilitate such experiments, modern image-based histology could provide an automatized approach to a large amount of data to gain not only qualitative but also quantitative data. This study was designed to critically evaluate image-based analysis of fat tissue samples in cell culture or in tissue probes and to identify critical parameters to avoid bias in further studies. In the first part of the study, ASCs were harvested and differentiated into adipocytes in cell culture. Histology was performed with the fluorescent dye BODIPY and the obtained digital images were analyzed using Image J software. In the second part of the study, digitalized histology of a previous in vivo study was subjected to automatized fat vacuole quantification using Image J. Both approaches were critically reviewed, and different software parameter settings were tested. Results showed that automatized digital image analysis allows the quantification of fat tissue probes with enough precision giving significant results. But the testing of different software parameters revealed a significant influence of parameters themselves on calculated results. Therefore, we recommend the use of image-based analysis to quantify fat tissue probes to improve the comparability of studies. But we also emphasize to calibrate software using internal controls in every single experimental approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Wiggenhauser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - C Kuhlmann
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - J Blum
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - R E Giunta
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - T Schenck
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
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175
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Warmink K, Kozijn AE, Bobeldijk I, Stoop R, Weinans H, Korthagen NM. High-fat feeding primes the mouse knee joint to develop osteoarthritis and pathologic infrapatellar fat pad changes after surgically induced injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:593-602. [PMID: 32222415 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is one of the greatest risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) and evidence is accumulating that inflammatory mediators and innate immunity play an important role. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) could be a potential local source of inflammatory mediators in the knee. Here, we combine surgical joint damage with high-fat feeding in mice to investigate inflammatory responses in the IPFP during OA development. DESIGN Mice (n = 30) received either a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks or switched diets (LFD > HFD) after 10 weeks. OA was induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), contralateral knees served as sham controls. An additional HFD-only group (n = 15) received no DMM. RESULTS The most pronounced inflammation, characterized by macrophage crown-like structures (CLS), was found in HFD + DMM mice, CLS increased compared to HFD only (mean difference = 7.26, 95%CI [1.52-13.0]) and LFD + DMM (mean difference = 6.35, 95%CI [0.53-12.18). The M1 macrophage marker iNOS increased by DMM (ratio = 2.48, 95%CI [1.37-4.50]), while no change in M2 macrophage marker CD206 was observed. Fibrosis was minimal by HFD alone, but in combination with DMM it increased with 23.45% (95%CI [13.67-33.24]). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a high-fat diet alone does not trigger inflammation or fibrosis in the infrapatellar fat pad, but in combination with an extra damage trigger, like DMM, induces inflammation and fibrosis in the infrapatellar fat pad. These data suggest that HFD provides a priming effect on the infrapatellar fat pad and that combined actions bring the joint in a metabolic state of progressive OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Warmink
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - A E Kozijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - I Bobeldijk
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - R Stoop
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - N M Korthagen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Van Herck MA, Vonghia L, Kwanten WJ, Julé Y, Vanwolleghem T, Ebo DG, Michielsen PP, De Man JG, Gama L, De Winter BY, Francque SM. Diet Reversal and Immune Modulation Show Key Role for Liver and Adipose Tissue T Cells in Murine Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:467-490. [PMID: 32360637 PMCID: PMC7365964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multisystem condition, implicating liver and adipose tissue. Although the general involvement of the innate and adaptive immune system has been established, we aimed to define the exact role of the functionally diverse T-cell subsets in NASH pathogenesis through diet reversal and immunologic modulation. METHODS Multiple experimental set-ups were used in 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice, including prolonged high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) feeding, diet reversal from HFHFD to control diet, and administration of anti-CD8a and anti-interleukin 17A antibodies. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, glucose, and lipid levels were determined. Liver and adipose tissue were assessed histologically. Cytotoxic T (Tc), regulatory T, T helper (Th) 1, and Th17 cells were characterized in liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) via flow cytometry and RNA analysis. RESULTS HFHFD feeding induced the metabolic syndrome and NASH, which coincided with an increase in hepatic Th17, VAT Tc, and VAT Th17 cells, and a decrease in VAT regulatory T cells. Although diet reversal induced a phenotypical metabolic and hepatic normalization, the observed T-cell disruptions persisted. Treatment with anti-CD8a antibodies decreased Tc cell numbers in all investigated tissues and induced a biochemical and histologic attenuation of the HFHFD-induced NASH. Conversely, anti-interleukin 17A antibodies decreased hepatic inflammation without affecting other features of NASH or the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS HFHFD feeding induces important immune disruptions in multiple hepatic and VAT T-cell subsets, refractory to diet reversal. In particular, VAT Tc cells are critically involved in NASH pathogenesis, linking adipose tissue inflammation to liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaïl A. Van Herck
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Mikhaïl Van Herck, MD, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Luisa Vonghia, MD, PhD, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Wilhelmus J. Kwanten
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G. Ebo
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P. Michielsen
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M. Francque
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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De Faveri A, De Faveri R, Broering MF, Bousfield IT, Goss MJ, Muller SP, Pereira RO, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Machado ID, Quintão NLM, Santin JR. Effects of passion fruit peel flour (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg.) in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112482. [PMID: 31866512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg. is a native Brazilian fruit known as sour or yellow passion fruit. From its peel, mainly in the northeast of Brazil, is produced a flour that is largely used as folk medicine to treat diabetes and other metabolic conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to show the effects of P. edulis peel flour (PEPF) in metabolic disorders caused by cafeteria diet in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antioxidant activity in vitro of PEPF extract was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power, β-carotene/linoleic acid system and nitric oxide scavenging activity assay. C57BL/6 mice divided in 3 groups: Control group, fed on a standard diet (AIN); Cafeteria diet (CAF) group, fed on a cafeteria diet, and PEPF group, fed on a cafeteria diet containing 15% of PEPF, during 16 weeks. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated through the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and the insulin tolerance test (ITT). After the intervention period, blood, hepatic, pancreatic and adipose tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. Cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukins and antioxidant enzymes were measured in the liver tissue. RESULTS PEPF extract presented antioxidant activity in the higher concentrations in the performed assays. The PEPF intake decreased the body weight gain, fat deposition, predominantly in the liver, improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in metabolic changes caused by cafeteria diet. CONCLUSION Together, the data herein obtained points out that P. edulis peel flour supplementation in metabolic syndrome condition induced by CAF-diet, prevents insulin and glucose resistance, hepatic steatosis and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline De Faveri
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata De Faveri
- Biomedicine Course, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Fronza Broering
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Izabel Terranova Bousfield
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Jagielski Goss
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Muller
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raquel Oliveira Pereira
- Nutrition Department (DNUT), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Daufenback Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Aldiss P, Lewis JE, Lupini I, Bloor I, Chavoshinejad R, Boocock DJ, Miles AK, Ebling FJP, Budge H, Symonds ME. Exercise Training in Obese Rats Does Not Induce Browning at Thermoneutrality and Induces a Muscle-Like Signature in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32265830 PMCID: PMC7099615 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Exercise training elicits diverse effects on brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) physiology in rodents housed below their thermoneutral zone (i.e., 28-32°C). In these conditions, BAT is chronically hyperactive and, unlike human residence, closer to thermoneutrality. Therefore, we set out to determine the effects of exercise training in obese animals at 28°C (i.e., thermoneutrality) on BAT and WAT in its basal (i.e., inactive) state. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) were housed at thermoneutrality from 3 weeks of age and fed a high-fat diet. At 12 weeks of age half these animals were randomized to 4-weeks of swim-training (1 h/day, 5 days per week). Following a metabolic assessment interscapular and perivascular BAT and inguinal (I)WAT were taken for analysis of thermogenic genes and the proteome. Results: Exercise attenuated weight gain but did not affect total fat mass or thermogenic gene expression. Proteomics revealed an impact of exercise training on 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, carbon metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. This was accompanied by an upregulation of multiple proteins involved in skeletal muscle physiology in BAT and an upregulation of muscle specific markers (i.e., Myod1, CkM, Mb, and MyoG). UCP1 mRNA was undetectable in IWAT with proteomics highlighting changes to DNA binding, the positive regulation of apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusion: Exercise training reduced weight gain in obese animals at thermoneutrality and is accompanied by an oxidative signature in BAT which is accompanied by a muscle-like signature rather than induction of thermogenic genes. This may represent a new, UCP1-independent pathway through which BAT physiology is regulated by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aldiss
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jo E. Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Lupini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ian Bloor
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ramyar Chavoshinejad
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda K. Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francis J. P. Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Budge
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Gambaro SE, Zubiría MG, Giordano AP, Portales AE, Alzamendi A, Rumbo M, Giovambattista A. "Spexin improves adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage recruitment in obese mice". Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158700. [PMID: 32201217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a novel adipokine related to many metabolic effects, such as gastrointestinal movements, insulin and glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy balance. This study evaluates the role of SPX in the improvement of the metabolic and inflammatory profile in fructose-rich-diet obese mice. Adult Swiss mice were supplemented or not with fructose (20% in tap water, FRD and CTR, respectively) for 10 weeks. The last ten days, mice were treated or not with SPX (ip. 29 μg/Kg/day, FRD-SPX and CTR-SPX, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between body weight prior to treatment and weight loss after SPX challenge. Moreover, plasma and liver triglycerides and adipose tissue (AT) features (mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, mRNA of leptin) were improved. SPX also induced a reduction in epididymal AT (EAT) expression of TNFα, IL1β and IL6 and an improvement in IL10 and CD206. M1 macrophages in EAT, principally the Ly6C- populations (M1a and M1b), were decreased. Adipocytes from FRD-SPX mice induced less macrophage activation (IL6, mRNA and secretion) than FRD after overnight co-culture with the monocyte cell line (RAW264.7) in stimulated conditions (M1 activation, LPS 100 ng/mL). Finally, in vitro, monocytes pre-incubated with SPX and stimulated with LPS showed decreased inflammatory mRNA markers compared to monocytes with LPS alone. In conclusion, SPX decreased body weight and improved the metabolic profile and adipocyte hypertrophy. Inflammatory Ly6C- macrophages decreased, together with inflammatory marker expression. In vitro studies demonstrate that SPX induced a decrease in M1 macrophage polarization directly or through mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Eliana Gambaro
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - María Guillermina Zubiría
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Paula Giordano
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrea Estefanía Portales
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Ana Alzamendi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Martín Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrés Giovambattista
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
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180
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Fathzadeh M, Li J, Rao A, Cook N, Chennamsetty I, Seldin M, Zhou X, Sangwung P, Gloudemans MJ, Keller M, Attie A, Yang J, Wabitsch M, Carcamo-Orive I, Tada Y, Lusis AJ, Shin MK, Molony CM, McLaughlin T, Reaven G, Montgomery SB, Reilly D, Quertermous T, Ingelsson E, Knowles JW. FAM13A affects body fat distribution and adipocyte function. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1465. [PMID: 32193374 PMCID: PMC7081215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the FAM13A (Family with Sequence Similarity 13 Member A) locus has been associated with several glycemic and metabolic traits in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we demonstrate that in humans, FAM13A alleles are associated with increased FAM13A expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and an insulin resistance-related phenotype (e.g. higher waist-to-hip ratio and fasting insulin levels, but lower body fat). In human adipocyte models, knockdown of FAM13A in preadipocytes accelerates adipocyte differentiation. In mice, Fam13a knockout (KO) have a lower visceral to subcutaneous fat (VAT/SAT) ratio after high-fat diet challenge, in comparison to their wild-type counterparts. Subcutaneous adipocytes in KO mice show a size distribution shift toward an increased number of smaller adipocytes, along with an improved adipogenic potential. Our results indicate that GWAS-associated variants within the FAM13A locus alter adipose FAM13A expression, which in turn, regulates adipocyte differentiation and contribute to changes in body fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Fathzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Abhiram Rao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, School of Engineering and Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Cook
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Indumathi Chennamsetty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Panjamaporn Sangwung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allan Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Tada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myung Kyun Shin
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Cliona M Molony
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Tracey McLaughlin
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Reaven
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, California, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, California, CA, USA
| | - Dermot Reilly
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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181
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Caputo T, Tran VDT, Bararpour N, Winkler C, Aguileta G, Trang KB, Giordano Attianese GMP, Wilson A, Thomas A, Pagni M, Guex N, Desvergne B, Gilardi F. Anti-adipogenic signals at the onset of obesity-related inflammation in white adipose tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:227-247. [PMID: 32157317 PMCID: PMC7867564 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation that affects primarily metabolic organs, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), is considered as a major cause of human obesity-associated co-morbidities. However, the molecular mechanisms initiating this inflammation in WAT are poorly understood. By combining transcriptomics, ChIP-seq and modeling approaches, we studied the global early and late responses to a high-fat diet (HFD) in visceral (vWAT) and subcutaneous (scWAT) AT, the first being more prone to obesity-induced inflammation. HFD rapidly triggers proliferation of adipocyte precursors within vWAT. However, concomitant antiadipogenic signals limit vWAT hyperplastic expansion by interfering with the differentiation of proliferating adipocyte precursors. Conversely, in scWAT, residing beige adipocytes lose their oxidizing properties and allow storage of excessive fatty acids. This phase is followed by tissue hyperplastic growth and increased angiogenic signals, which further enable scWAT expansion without generating inflammation. Our data indicate that scWAT and vWAT differential ability to modulate adipocyte number and differentiation in response to obesogenic stimuli has a crucial impact on the different susceptibility to obesity-related inflammation of these adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Caputo
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Van Du T Tran
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nasim Bararpour
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Aguileta
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Khanh Bao Trang
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Wilson
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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182
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Kim GW, Pyo MK, Chung SH. Pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract improves glucose homeostasis in high fat diet-fed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112384. [PMID: 31733309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Red ginseng has long been used as a traditional folk medicine for various diseases including diabetes. Recently, a preparation of red ginseng extract by pectin lyase modification has been developed and named as GS-E3D. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the preventive effect of GS-E3D on hyperglycemia induced by feeding a high fat diet (HFD) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS GS-E3D was orally administered to C57BL/6J mice at different doses (250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks while on a HFD. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored weekly, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 5th week of the experiment. Glycemic indications and metabolic parameters were further measured in serum. RESULTS Six weeks of GS-E3D treatment to mice significantly inhibited HFD-induced body weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Notably, GS-E3D treated mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed 41.8%, 45.0% and 55.1% reduction in insulin resistance index, respectively, compared to HFD control mice. OGTT revealed that GS-E3D markedly prevented steep rise of blood glucose and insulin levels after glucose challenge and ameliorated HFD-induced glucose and insulin intolerance. The histological analysis showed enlarged adipocytes in HFD-fed mice whereas the adipocyte hypertrophy was prevented in GS-E3D treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, when peripheral glucose uptake level was assessed by total and membranous glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein contents, GS-E3D restored GLUT4 protein expression to the levels of regular diet fed mice, and dose-dependently translocated them to the plasma membrane. CONCLUSION The results collectively show that GS-E3D ameliorates obesity-related impaired glucose tolerance by improving insulin sensitivity in the epidydimal adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Woon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Pyo
- International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hyun Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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183
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Kwon J, Kim B, Lee C, Joung H, Kim BK, Choi IS, Hyun CK. Comprehensive amelioration of high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions through activation of the PGC-1α pathway by probiotics treatment in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228932. [PMID: 32040532 PMCID: PMC7010303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of probiotics in the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders have been extensively researched, the precise mechanisms by which probiotics improve metabolic homeostasis are still not clear. Given that probiotics usually exert a comprehensive effect on multiple metabolic disorders, defining a concurrent mechanism underlying the multiple effects is critical to understand the function of probiotics. In this study, we identified the SIRT1-dependent or independent PGC-1α pathways in multiple organs that mediate the protective effects of a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum against high-fat diet-induced adiposity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. L. plantarum treatment significantly enhanced the expression of SIRT1, PPARα, and PGC-1α in the liver and adipose tissues under HFD-fed condition. L. plantarum treated mice also exhibited significantly increased expressions of genes involved in bile acid synthesis and reverse cholesterol transport in the liver, browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue, and fatty acid oxidation in the liver and adipose tissue. Additionally, L. plantarum treatment significantly upregulated the expressions of adiponectin in adipose tissue, irisin in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and FGF21 in SAT. These beneficial changes were associated with a significantly improved HFD-induced alteration of gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that the PGC-1α-mediated pathway could be regarded as a potential target in the development of probiotics-based therapies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Kwon
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Chungho Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Hyunchae Joung
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Ansan, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Ansan, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - In Suk Choi
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Ansan, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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184
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Fan R, Kim J, You M, Giraud D, Toney AM, Shin SH, Kim SY, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Chung S. α-Linolenic acid-enriched butter attenuated high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation by promoting bioconversion of n-3 PUFA and subsequent oxylipin formation. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 76:108285. [PMID: 31760228 PMCID: PMC6995772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the precursor for long-chain n-3 PUFA. However, biosynthesis of n-3 PUFA is limited in a Western diet likely due to an overabundance of n-6 PUFA. We hypothesized that dietary reduction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio is sufficient to promote the biosynthesis of long-chain n-3 PUFA, leading to an attenuation of high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and inflammation. C57BL/6 J mice were fed a HF diet from ALA-enriched butter (n3Bu, n-6/n-3=1) in comparison with isocaloric HF diets from either conventional butter lacking both ALA and LA (Bu, n-6/n-3=6), or margarine containing a similar amount of ALA and abundant LA (Ma, n-6/n-3=6). Targeted lipidomic analyses revealed that n3Bu feeding promoted the bioconversion of long-chain n-3 PUFA and their oxygenated metabolites (oxylipins) derived from ALA and EPA. The n3Bu supplementation attenuated hepatic TG accumulation and adipose tissue inflammation, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity. Decreased inflammation by n3Bu feeding was attributed to the suppression of NF-κB activation and M1 macrophage polarization. Collectively, our work suggests that dietary reduction of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, as well as total n-3 PUFA consumed, is a crucial determinant that facilitates n-3 PUFA biosynthesis and subsequent lipidomic modifications, thereby conferring metabolic benefits against obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Judy Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Mikyoung You
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - David Giraud
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ashley M Toney
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Seung-Ho Shin
- Sunseo Omega Inc, University of Nebraska Innovation Campus, Lincoln, NE
| | - So-Youn Kim
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA; Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WHNRC, Davis, CA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
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185
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Iena FM, Jul JB, Vegger JB, Lodberg A, Thomsen JS, Brüel A, Lebeck J. Sex-Specific Effect of High-Fat Diet on Glycerol Metabolism in Murine Adipose Tissue and Liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:577650. [PMID: 33193093 PMCID: PMC7609944 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.577650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased plasma glycerol levels. The coordinated regulation of glycerol channels in adipose tissue (AQP7) and the liver (AQP9) has been suggested as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of type-2-diabetes mellitus, as it would provide glycerol for hepatic synthesis of glucose and triglycerides. The regulation of AQP7 and AQP9 is influenced by sex. This study investigates the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycerol metabolism in mice and the influence of sex and GLP-1-receptor agonist treatment. Female and male C57BL/6JRj mice were fed either a control diet or a HFD for 12 or 24 weeks. Liraglutide was administered (1 mg/kg/day) to a subset of female mice. After 12 weeks of HFD, females had gained less weight than males. In adipose tissue, only females demonstrated an increased abundance of AQP7, whereas only males demonstrated a significant increase in glycerol kinase abundance and adipocyte size. 24 weeks of HFD resulted in a more comparable effect on weight gain and adipose tissue in females and males. HFD resulted in marked hepatic steatosis in males only and had no significant effect on the hepatic abundance of AQP9. Liraglutide treatment generally attenuated the effects of HFD on glycerol metabolism. In conclusion, no coordinated upregulation of glycerol channels in adipose tissue and liver was observed in response to HFD. The effect of HFD on glycerol metabolism is sex-specific in mice, and we propose that the increased AQP7 abundance in female adipose tissue could contribute to their less severe response to HFD.
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186
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Tratwal J, Bekri D, Boussema C, Sarkis R, Kunz N, Koliqi T, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Schyrr F, Tavakol DN, Campos V, Scheller EL, Sarro R, Bárcena C, Bisig B, Nardi V, de Leval L, Burri O, Naveiras O. MarrowQuant Across Aging and Aplasia: A Digital Pathology Workflow for Quantification of Bone Marrow Compartments in Histological Sections. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:480. [PMID: 33071956 PMCID: PMC7542184 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) exists heterogeneously as hematopoietic/red or adipocytic/yellow marrow depending on skeletal location, age, and physiological condition. Mouse models and patients undergoing radio/chemotherapy or suffering acute BM failure endure rapid adipocytic conversion of the marrow microenvironment, the so-called "red-to-yellow" transition. Following hematopoietic recovery, such as upon BM transplantation, a "yellow-to-red" transition occurs and functional hematopoiesis is restored. Gold Standards to estimate BM cellular composition are pathologists' assessment of hematopoietic cellularity in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histological sections as well as volumetric measurements of marrow adiposity with contrast-enhanced micro-computerized tomography (CE-μCT) upon osmium-tetroxide lipid staining. Due to user-dependent variables, reproducibility in longitudinal studies is a challenge for both methods. Here we report the development of a semi-automated image analysis plug-in, MarrowQuant, which employs the open-source software QuPath, to systematically quantify multiple bone components in H&E sections in an unbiased manner. MarrowQuant discerns and quantifies the areas occupied by bone, adipocyte ghosts, hematopoietic cells, and the interstitial/microvascular compartment. A separate feature, AdipoQuant, fragments adipocyte ghosts in H&E-stained sections of extramedullary adipose tissue to render adipocyte area and size distribution. Quantification of BM hematopoietic cellularity with MarrowQuant lies within the range of scoring by four independent pathologists, while quantification of the total adipocyte area in whole bone sections compares with volumetric measurements. Employing our tool, we were able to develop a standardized map of BM hematopoietic cellularity and adiposity in mid-sections of murine C57BL/6 bones in homeostatic conditions, including quantification of the highly predictable red-to-yellow transitions in the proximal section of the caudal tail and in the proximal-to-distal tibia. Additionally, we present a comparative skeletal map induced by lethal irradiation, with longitudinal quantification of the "red-to-yellow-to-red" transition over 2 months in C57BL/6 femurs and tibiae. We find that, following BM transplantation, BM adiposity inversely correlates with kinetics of hematopoietic recovery and that a proximal to distal gradient is conserved. Analysis of in vivo recovery through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals comparable kinetics. On human trephine biopsies MarrowQuant successfully recognizes the BM compartments, opening avenues for its application in experimental, or clinical contexts that require standardized human BM evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Bekri
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiheb Boussema
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rita Sarkis
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Kunz
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tereza Koliqi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédérica Schyrr
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Naveed Tavakol
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rossella Sarro
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne University (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Bárcena
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bettina Bisig
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne University (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne University (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Burri
- Bioimaging and Optics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hematology Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Olaia Naveiras ;
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187
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Fan R, You M, Toney AM, Kim J, Giraud D, Xian Y, Ye F, Gu L, Ramer-Tait AE, Chung S. Red Raspberry Polyphenols Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Driven Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and its Paracrine Suppression of Adipogenesis via Histone Modifications. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900995. [PMID: 31786828 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The authors aim to investigate the mechanisms by which red raspberry (RR) polyphenolic fractions regulate obesity and inflammation with an emphasis on the crosstalk between adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) and adipocyte progenitors. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 male mice are fed either a high-fat (HF) diet or an HF diet supplemented with a RR polyphenolic fraction from whole fruit, pulp, or seed. Supplementation with pulp significantly increases energy expenditure and reduces HF-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The pulp, and to a lesser extent, whole polyphenols, decreases the recruitment of ATM, activation of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and adipocyte hypertrophy, which is associated with epigenetic modulation of adipogenesis (e.g., H3K27Ac, H3K9Ac). Results from an IL-1β reporter assay in J774 macrophages recapitulate the inhibitory role of RR polyphenols on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using conditioned media from macrophages, it is demonstrated that RR polyphenols reverse the IL-1β-mediated epigenetic suppression of H3K27Ac in adipocyte progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS RR polyphenols from pulp and whole fruit serve as an inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and an epigenetic modifier to regulate adipogenesis, which confers resistance against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ashley M Toney
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Judy Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - David Giraud
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Yibo Xian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Feng Ye
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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188
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Qiao X, Kim DI, Jun H, Ma Y, Knights AJ, Park MJ, Zhu K, Lipinski JH, Liao J, Li Y, Richard S, Weinman SA, Wu J. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Interacts With PGC1α and Modulates Thermogenic Fat Activation. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2773-2786. [PMID: 31555811 PMCID: PMC6853686 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are enzymes that regulate the evolutionarily conserved process of arginine methylation. It has been reported that PRMTs are involved in many metabolic regulatory pathways. However, until now, their roles in adipocyte function, especially browning and thermogenesis, have not been evaluated. Even though Prmt1 adipocyte-specific-deleted mice (Prmt1fl/flAQcre) appeared normal at basal level, following cold exposure or β-adrenergic stimulation, impaired induction of the thermogenic program was observed in both the interscapular brown adipose tissue and inguinal white adipose tissue of Prmt1fl/flAQcre mice compared with littermate controls. Different splicing variants of Prmt1 have been reported. Among them, PRMT1 variant 1 and PRMT1 variant 2 (PRMT1V2) are well conserved between humans and mice. Both variants contribute to the activation of thermogenic fat, with PRMT1V2 playing a more dominant role. Mechanistic studies using cultured murine and human adipocytes revealed that PRMT1V2 mediates thermogenic fat activation through PGC1α, a transcriptional coactivator that has been shown to play a key role in mitochondrial biogenesis. To our knowledge, our data are the first to demonstrate that PRMT1 plays a regulatory role in thermogenic fat function. These findings suggest that modulating PRMT1 activity may represent new avenues to regulate thermogenic fat and mediate energy homeostasis. This function is conserved in human primary adipocytes, suggesting that further investigation of this pathway may ultimately lead to therapeutic strategies against human obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dong-il Kim
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kezhou Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jay H Lipinski
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiling Liao
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Jun Wu, PhD, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Room 5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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189
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King SE, Nilsson E, Beck D, Skinner MK. Adipocyte epigenetic alterations and potential therapeutic targets in transgenerationally inherited lean and obese phenotypes following ancestral exposures. Adipocyte 2019; 8:362-378. [PMID: 31755359 PMCID: PMC6948971 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1693747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past two decades with a prevalence of approximately 40% of the adult population within the United States. The current study examines the potential for transgenerational adipocyte (fat cell) epigenetic alterations. Adipocytes were isolated from the gonadal fat pad of the great-grand offspring F3 generation 1-year old rats ancestrally exposed to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), atrazine, or vehicle control in order to obtain adipocytes for DNA methylation analysis. Observations indicate that there were differential DNA methylated regions (DMRs) in the adipocytes with the lean or obese phenotypes compared to control normal (non-obese or lean) populations. The comparison of epigenetic alterations indicated that there were substantial overlaps between the different treatment lineage groups for both the lean and obese phenotypes. Novel correlated genes and gene pathways associated with DNA methylation were identified, and may aid in the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases such as obesity. Observations indicate that ancestral exposures during critical windows of development can induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of DNA methylation changes in adipocytes that ultimately may contribute to an altered metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. King
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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190
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Reynolds A, Keen JA, Fordham T, Morgan RA. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:760-766. [PMID: 30866087 PMCID: PMC6850304 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a common feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). In other species, obese adipose tissue shows pathological features such as adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and impaired insulin signalling all of which contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation. Such adipose tissue dysfunction has not been investigated in horses. OBJECTIVES To determine if obese horses with EMS have adipose tissue dysfunction characterised by adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and altered insulin signalling. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional post-mortem study. METHODS Samples of peri-renal (visceral) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were obtained at post-mortem from healthy horses (n = 9) and horses with EMS (n = 6). Samples were analysed to determine average adipocyte size, fibrotic content and expression of inflammatory and insulin signalling genes. RESULTS Horses with metabolic syndrome showed marked adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of adipokines (leptin) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β and CCL2) in both adipose tissue depots compared to healthy horses. There were no differences in fibrosis or expression of genes relating to insulin signalling between the groups. MAIN LIMITATIONS Cases used in this study had advanced EMS and may represent the end stage of the condition; the design of the study is such that we were unable to relate the identified adipose tissue dysfunction to whole body insulin dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS Horses with obesity and EMS have significant dysfunction of the peri-renal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue that may contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Reynolds
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghRoslinMidlothianUK
| | - J. A. Keen
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghRoslinMidlothianUK
| | - T. Fordham
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghRoslinMidlothianUK
| | - R. A. Morgan
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghRoslinMidlothianUK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciencethe Queen's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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191
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Fitzgibbons TP, Lee N, Tran KV, Nicoloro S, Kelly M, Tam SK, Czech MP. Coronary disease is not associated with robust alterations in inflammatory gene expression in human epicardial fat. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124859. [PMID: 31513547 PMCID: PMC6824304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot of the heart. Inflammation of EAT is thought to contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we hypothesized that the EAT of patients with CAD would have increased inflammatory gene expression compared with controls without CAD. Cardiac surgery patients with (n = 13) or without CAD (n = 13) were consented, and samples of EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays. Differential expression was defined as a 1.5-fold change (ANOVA P < 0.05). Six hundred ninety-three genes were differentially expressed between SAT and EAT in controls and 805 in cases. Expression of 326 genes was different between EAT of cases and controls; expression of 14 genes was increased in cases, while 312 were increased in controls. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR confirmed that there was no difference in expression of CCL2, CCR2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and PAI1 between groups. Immunohistochemistry showed more macrophages in EAT than SAT, but there was no difference in their number or activation state between groups. In contrast to prior studies, we did not find increased inflammatory gene expression in the EAT of patients with CAD. We conclude that the specific adipose tissue depot, rather than CAD status, is responsible for the majority of differential gene expression. In humans without atherosclerosis there is increased mRNA expression of the orphan nuclear hormone receptors in epicardial fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts (UMass) Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts (UMass) Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stanley Kc Tam
- Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts (UMass) Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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192
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Ge MQ, Yeung SC, Mak JCW, Ip MSM. Differential metabolic and inflammatory responses to intermittent hypoxia in substrains of lean and obese C57BL/6 mice. Life Sci 2019; 238:116959. [PMID: 31628916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was to investigate the degree of susceptibility to intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), between the two mice inbred lines C57BL/6N (6N) and C57BL/6J (6J). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week old male mice of 6N and 6J substrains (n = 8) were randomized to standard diet (SD) group or high fat (HF) diet group. At the age of 13-week, all two groups of mice were subjected to either air or IH (IH30; thirty hypoxic events per hour) for one week. KEY FINDINGS All mice fed with HF diet exhibited obesity with more body weight and fat mass (percentage to body weight) gain. IH reduced serum LDL, HDL and total cholesterol levels in lean 6J mice. In obese mice, IH lowered obesity-induced serum total cholesterol level in 6J substrain but raised further in 6N substrain. Furthermore, IH caused elevation of serum FFA and MDA levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and IL-6 levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of lean 6J but not lean 6N mice. There was reduced number of adipocytes and elevation of macrophages in SAT and VAT of HF-induced obese mice of both substrains. IH led to increased number of adipocytes and macrophages in SAT of lean 6J mice. SIGNIFICANCE The genetic difference between 6N and 6J mice may have direct impact on metabolic and inflammatory responses after IH. Therefore, attention must be given for the selection of C57BL mice substrains in the experimental IH-exposed mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin Ge
- Departments of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sze Chun Yeung
- Departments of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Judith Choi Wo Mak
- Departments of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Mary Sau Man Ip
- Departments of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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193
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Kaikaew K, Steenbergen J, van Dijk TH, Grefhorst A, Visser JA. Sex Difference in Corticosterone-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2367-2387. [PMID: 31265057 PMCID: PMC6760317 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) causes various metabolic derangements. These include obesity and insulin resistance, as inhibiting glucose utilization in adipose tissues is a major function of GCs. Although adipose tissue distribution and glucose homeostasis are sex-dependently regulated, it has not been evaluated whether GCs affect glucose metabolism and adipose tissue functions in a sex-dependent manner. In this study, high-dose corticosterone (rodent GC) treatment in C57BL/6J mice resulted in nonfasting hyperglycemia in male mice only, whereas both sexes displayed hyperinsulinemia with normal fasting glucose levels, indicative of insulin resistance. Metabolic testing using stable isotope-labeled glucose techniques revealed a sex-specific corticosterone-driven glucose intolerance. Corticosterone treatment increased adipose tissue mass in both sexes, which was reflected by elevated serum leptin levels. However, female mice showed more metabolically protective adaptations of adipose tissues than did male mice, demonstrated by higher serum total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels, more hyperplastic morphological changes, and a stronger increase in mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation markers. Subsequently, in vitro studies in 3T3-L1 (white) and T37i (brown) adipocytes suggest that the increased leptin and adiponectin levels were mainly driven by the elevated insulin levels. In summary, this study demonstrates that GC-induced insulin resistance is more severe in male mice than in female mice, which can be partially explained by a sex-dependent adaptation of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiphak Kaikaew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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194
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Huang W, Queen NJ, McMurphy TB, Ali S, Cao L. Adipose PTEN regulates adult adipose tissue homeostasis and redistribution via a PTEN-leptin-sympathetic loop. Mol Metab 2019; 30:48-60. [PMID: 31767180 PMCID: PMC6812328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the large body of work describing the tumor suppressor functions of Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), its roles in adipose homeostasis of adult animals are not yet fully understood. Here, we sought to determine the role of PTEN in whole-body adipose homeostasis. METHODS We genetically manipulated PTEN in specific fat depots through recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-based gene transfer of Cre recombinase to adult PTENflox mice. Additionally, we used a denervation agent, 6OHDA, to assess the role of sympathetic signaling in PTEN-related adipose remodeling. Furthermore, we chemically manipulated AKT signaling via a pan-AKT inhibitor, MK-2206, to assess the role of AKT in PTEN-related adipose remodeling. Finally, to understand the role of leptin and central signaling on peripheral tissues, we knocked down hypothalamic leptin receptor with a microRNA delivered by a rAAV vector. RESULTS Knockdown PTEN in individual fat depot resulted in massive expansion of the affected fat depot through activation of AKT signaling associated with suppression of lipolysis and induction of leptin. This hypertrophic expansion of the affected fat depot led to upregulation of PTEN level, higher lipolysis, and induction of white fat browning in other fat depots, and the compensatory reduced fat mass to maintain a set point of whole-body adiposity. Administration of AKT inhibitor MK-2206 prevented the adipose PTEN knockdown-associated effects. 6OHDA-mediated denervation demonstrated that sympathetic innervation was required for the PTEN knockdown-induced adipose redistribution. Knockdown hypothalamic leptin receptor attenuated the adipose redistribution induced by PTEN deficiency in individual fat depot. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the essential role of PTEN in adipose homeostasis, including mass and distribution in adulthood, and reveal an "adipose PTEN-leptin-sympathetic nervous system" feedback loop to maintain a set point of adipose PTEN and whole-body adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Travis B McMurphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seemaab Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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195
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Serum Amyloid P and a Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin Ligand Inhibit High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue and Liver Inflammation and Steatosis in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2400-2413. [PMID: 31539521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation is associated with a variety of health risks. The systemic pentraxin serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits inflammation. SAP activates the high-affinity IgG receptor Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI; CD64) and the lectin receptor dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209). Herein, we show that for mice on an HFD, injections of SAP and a synthetic CD209 ligand (1866) reduced HFD-increased adipose and liver tissue inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. HFD worsened glucose tolerance test results and caused increased adipocyte size; for mice on an HFD, SAP improved glucose tolerance test results and reduced adipocyte size. Mice on an HFD had elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)], and tumor necrosis factor-α. SAP reduced serum levels of IL-23, IFN-β, MCP-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas 1866 reduced IFN-γ. In vitro, SAP, but not 1866, treated cells isolated from white fat tissue (stromal vesicular fraction) produced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. HFD causes steatosis, and both SAP and 1866 reduced it. Conversely, compared with control mice, SAP knockout mice fed on a normal diet had increased white adipocyte cell sizes, increased numbers of inflammatory cells in adipose and liver tissue, and steatosis; and these effects were exacerbated on an HFD. SAP and 1866 may inhibit some, but not all, of the effects of a high-fat diet.
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196
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Ling Y, Carayol J, Galusca B, Canto C, Montaurier C, Matone A, Vassallo I, Minehira K, Alexandre V, Cominetti O, Núñez Galindo A, Corthésy J, Dayon L, Charpagne A, Métairon S, Raymond F, Descombes P, Casteillo F, Peoc'h M, Palaghiu R, Féasson L, Boirie Y, Estour B, Hager J, Germain N, Gheldof N. Persistent low body weight in humans is associated with higher mitochondrial activity in white adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:605-616. [PMID: 31374571 PMCID: PMC6736451 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional thinness (CT) is a state of low but stable body weight (BMI ≤18 kg/m2). CT subjects have normal-range hormonal profiles and food intake but exhibit resistance to weight gain despite living in the modern world's obesogenic environment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to identify molecular mechanisms underlying this protective phenotype against weight gain. METHODS We conducted a clinical overfeeding study on 30 CT subjects and 30 controls (BMI 20-25 kg/m2) matched for age and sex. We performed clinical and integrative molecular and transcriptomic analyses on white adipose and muscle tissues. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that adipocytes were markedly smaller in CT individuals (mean ± SEM: 2174 ± 142 μm 2) compared with controls (3586 ± 216 μm2) (P < 0.01). The mitochondrial respiratory capacity was higher in CT adipose tissue, particularly at the level of complex II of the electron transport chain (2.2-fold increase; P < 0.01). This higher activity was paralleled by an increase in mitochondrial number (CT compared with control: 784 ± 27 compared with 675 ± 30 mitochondrial DNA molecules per cell; P < 0.05). No evidence for uncoupled respiration or "browning" of the white adipose tissue was found. In accordance with the mitochondrial differences, CT subjects had a distinct adipose transcriptomic profile [62 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of 0.1 and log fold change >0.75)], with many differentially expressed genes associating with positive metabolic outcomes. Pathway analyses revealed an increase in fatty acid oxidation ( P = 3 × 10-04) but also triglyceride biosynthesis (P = 3.6 × 10-04). No differential response to the overfeeding was observed in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS The distinct molecular signature of the adipose tissue in CT individuals suggests the presence of augm ented futile lipid cycling, rather than mitochondrial uncoupling, as a way to increase energy expenditure in CT individuals. We propose that increased mitochondrial function in adipose tissue is an important mediator in sustaining the low body weight in CT individuals. This knowledge could ultimately allow more targeted approaches for weight management treatment strategies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02004821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiin Ling
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Carayol
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Carles Canto
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montaurier
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alice Matone
- The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Irene Vassallo
- Precision Medicine Group, Quartz Bio SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaori Minehira
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Alexandre
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Proteomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - John Corthésy
- Proteomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Proteomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Léonard Féasson
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Motricity and Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Estour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jörg Hager
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Germain
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France,N Germain (E-mail: )
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland,Address correspondence to N Gheldof (E-mail: )
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197
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Sex-Specific Differences in Fat Storage, Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Brain Structure in Juvenile HFD-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081861. [PMID: 31405127 PMCID: PMC6723313 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific differences play a role in metabolism, fat storage in adipose tissue, and brain structure. At juvenile age, brain function is susceptible to the effects of obesity; little is known about sex-specific differences in juvenile obesity. Therefore, this study examined sex-specific differences in adipose tissue and liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and putative alterations between male and female mice in brain structure in relation to behavioral changes during the development of juvenile obesity. METHODS In six-week-old male and female Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice (n = 48), the impact of 18 weeks of HFD-feeding was examined. Fat distribution, liver pathology and brain structure and function were analyzed imunohisto- and biochemically, in cognitive tasks and with MRI. RESULTS HFD-fed female mice were characterized by an increased perigonadal fat mass, pronounced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Male mice on HFD displayed an increased mesenteric fat mass, pronounced adipose tissue inflammation and microvesicular hepatic steatosis. Only male HFD-fed mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow and reduced white matter integrity. CONCLUSIONS At young age, male mice are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HFD than female mice. This study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific differences in obesity, liver pathology, and brain function.
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198
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Adipocyte β-arrestin-2 is essential for maintaining whole body glucose and energy homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2936. [PMID: 31270323 PMCID: PMC6610117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins are major regulators of G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling processes. Their potential roles in regulating adipocyte function in vivo remain unexplored. Here we report the novel finding that mice lacking β-arrestin-2 (barr2) selectively in adipocytes show significantly reduced adiposity and striking metabolic improvements when consuming excess calories. We demonstrate that these beneficial metabolic effects are due to enhanced signaling through adipocyte β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), indicating that barr2 represents a potent negative regulator of adipocyte β3-AR activity in vivo. Interestingly, essentially all beneficial metabolic effects caused by adipocyte barr2 deficiency are absent in adipocyte barr2-PRDM16 double KO mice, indicating that the metabolic improvements caused by the lack of barr2 in adipocytes are mediated by the browning/beiging of white adipose tissue. Our data support the novel concept that 'G protein-biased' β3-AR agonists that do not promote β3-AR/barr2 interactions may prove useful for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Macdougall CE, Wood EG, Solomou A, Scagliotti V, Taketo MM, Gaston-Massuet C, Marelli-Berg FM, Charalambous M, Longhi MP. Constitutive Activation of β-Catenin in Conventional Dendritic Cells Increases the Insulin Reserve to Ameliorate the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1473-1484. [PMID: 31048369 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell failure is central to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dysregulation of metabolic and inflammatory processes during obesity contributes to the loss of islet function and impaired β-cell insulin secretion. Modulating the immune system, therefore, has the potential to ameliorate diseases. We report that inducing sustained expression of β-catenin in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) provides a novel mechanism to enhance β-cell insulin secretion. Intriguingly, cDCs with constitutively activated β-catenin induced islet expansion by increasing β-cell proliferation in a model of diet-induced obesity. We further found that inflammation in these islets was reduced. Combined, these effects improved β-cell insulin secretion, suggesting a unique compensatory mechanism driven by cDCs to generate a greater insulin reserve in response to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Our findings highlight the potential of immune modulation to improve β-cell mass and function in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Macdougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Elizabeth G Wood
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Antonia Solomou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, London, U.K
| | - M Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.
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Withaferin A inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-F442A cell line, improves insulin sensitivity and promotes weight loss in high fat diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218792. [PMID: 31226166 PMCID: PMC6588247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity and associated insulin resistance calls for effective therapeutic treatment of metabolic diseases. The current PPARγ-targeting antidiabetic drugs have undesirable side effects. The present study investigated the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of withaferin A (WFA) in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice and also the anti-adipogenic effect of WFA in differentiating 3T3- F442A cells. DIO mice were treated with WFA (6 mg/kg) or rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, metabolic profile, liver function and inflammatory parameters were obtained. Expression of selective genes controlling insulin signaling, inflammation, adipogenesis, energy expenditure and PPARγ phosphorylation-regulated genes in epididymal fats were analyzed. Furthermore, the anti-adipogenic effect of WFA was evaluated in 3T3- F442A cell line. WFA treatment prevented weight gain without affecting food or caloric intake in DIO mice. WFA-treated group also exhibited lower epididymal and mesenteric fat pad mass, an improvement in lipid profile and hepatic steatosis and a reduction in serum inflammatory cytokines. Insulin resistance was reduced as shown by an improvement in glucose and insulin tolerance and serum adiponectin. WFA treatment upregulated selective insulin signaling (insr, irs1, slc2a4 and pi3k) and PPARγ phosphorylation-regulated (car3, selenbp1, aplp2, txnip, and adipoq) genes, downregulated inflammatory (tnf-α and il-6) genes and altered energy expenditure controlling (tph2 and adrb3) genes. In 3T3- F442A cell line, withaferin A inhibited adipogenesis as indicated by a decrease in lipid accumulation in differentiating adipocytes and protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The effect of rosiglitazone on physiological and lipid profiles, insulin resistance, some genes expression and differentiating adipocytes were markedly different. Our data suggest that WFA is a promising therapeutic agent for both diabetes and obesity.
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