151
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Lejeune B, Lepoint G, Denoël M. Food web collapse and regime shift following goldfish introduction in permanent ponds. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17435. [PMID: 39039839 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In a global context of invasive alien species (IAS), native predators are often eradicated by functionally different IAS, which may induce complex cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning because of the key role predators play in structuring communities and stabilizing food webs. In permanent ponds, the most abundant freshwater systems on Earth, global human-mediated introductions of alien omnivores such as the pet trade goldfish are driving broad-scale patterns of native predators' exclusion, but cascading consequences on food web structure and functioning are critically understudied. We compared food webs of naturally fishless ponds versus ponds where dominant native predators (newts) had been extirpated by invasive goldfish within the last decade. Integrating community-wide isotopic, taxonomic and functional traits approaches, our study reveals that pond food webs collapsed in both vertical and horizontal dimensions following goldfish introduction and the associated exclusion of native predators. Consumer taxonomic diversity was drastically reduced, essentially deprived of amphibians as well as predatory and mobile macroinvertebrates to the profit of burrowing, lower trophic level consumers (detritivores). Changes in community structure and function underlined a regime shift from a macrophyte-dominated system mainly characterized by benthic primary production (periphyton), to a macrophyte-depleted state of ponds hosting communities mainly associated with phytoplankton primary production and detritus accumulation, with higher tolerance to eutrophication and low dissolved oxygen concentration. Results underline major impacts of widely introduced omnivores such as the goldfish on the functioning of pond ecosystems with potentially dramatic consequences on the key ecosystem services they deliver, such as global biodiversity support or water quality improvement. They also shed light on the key role of submerged aquatic vegetation in supporting diverse communities and complex food webs in shallow lentic systems and call for urgent consideration of threats posed by IAS on ponds' ecosystems by managers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lejeune
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Trophic and Isotopes Ecology (LETIS), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of Trophic and Isotopes Ecology (LETIS), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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152
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Li T, Li X, Zheng L, Li H. Stable body sizes in soil nematodes across altitudes: The role of intrageneric variation in community assembly. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70025. [PMID: 39011134 PMCID: PMC11246979 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal body size exhibits rapid responses to environmental variations and displays considerable variability across ecological scales, significantly influencing ecological community assembly. However, our understanding of the extent of body size variation and its responses to environmental differences within soil fauna remains limited, impeding a comprehensive grasp of soil fauna's functional ecology. Here, we aim to investigate the magnitude of intrageneric body size variation and its implications for soil nematode community assembly along an altitudinal gradient. We examined soil nematode body size responses along an altitudinal gradient spanning from 3136 to 4128 m in an alpine mountain region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We assessed the contributions of intra- and intergeneric variations in body size, both within and among communities, using individual body size values. The implications of these variations for community assembly processes were determined through phenotypic variance ratios employing permutation tests. Our analyses did not reveal statistically significant correlations between altitude and the community-weighted mean body mass, regardless of considering intrageneric trait variation (IGTV). Approximately 15% of the variation in body size among communities and a substantial 72% of the variation in body size within communities can be attributed to IGTV. Altitude did not significantly affect IGTV within or among communities. Furthermore, our results underscored the dominant role of internal filtering within the community in governing nematode community assembly, with external filtering outside the community playing a limited role within our altitudinal range. Our findings emphasize the dominant role of body size variation within communities rather than among communities, attributable to strong internal filtering processes. These findings advance our understanding of body size variation in soil nematodes across ecological scales and highlight the pivotal role of intrageneric variation in shaping the functional ecology of soil fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xianping Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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153
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Sheng Y, Lu M, Bai J, Xie X, Ma L, Li W, Zhang Z, Ming F, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Han Y, Guan B, Ruan L. Ecological drivers of nesting behavior in a subtropical city: An observational study on spotted doves. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11655. [PMID: 38966243 PMCID: PMC11222170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to rapid homogenization in habitat types as a result of urbanization, some urban birds adapt their nesting strategies to changes in local habitat characteristics. Bird nesting decisions might have been mainly linked to resource constraints and ensuring reproductive success. In this study, we examined patterns of nesting behavior by spotted doves (Spilopelia chinensis) in a rapidly urbanizing area of Nanchang, China using ArcGIS 10.8, satellite tracking, camera traps, and field survey. To explore the mechanisms underlying nesting behavior in urban habitats, we assessed the correlations between nest reuse and reproductive success, and between nest reuse and nest predation. From December 2018 to December 2021, a total of 302 breeding nests were surveyed. The results revealed that the nest reuse rate was 38.08% (n = 115). Nests closer to trunk, with lower nest position and higher large-scale urbanization score tended to have higher reuse rate. In addition, nests with the higher the nest height and percent of canopy cover, and the lower small-scale urbanization score were more likely to reproduce successfully, and the reused nests also reproduce more successfully. The reproductive success associated with nest reuse was significantly higher than that associated with new nests (χ 2 = 8.461, p = .004). High degree of urbanization promoted nest reuse of spotted doves (large-scale urbanization score, z = 2.094, p = .036), which apparently enhanced their reproductive success (nest reuse, z = 2.737, p = .006). In conclusion, a nest structure with good permeability is the material basis for the nest reuse in spotted dove, while the relatively low risk of predation in urban habitat and the scarcity of nest site resources due to urbanization increase the tendency of birds to reuse old nests, which is associated with their reproductive success and evolutionary fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Mengjie Lu
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Junpeng Bai
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Qingdao Jiaodong International AirportQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaobin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Long Ma
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jinhui Liquor Company LimitedLongnanChina
| | - Wanyou Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Fang Ming
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xueli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Guangdong Maoming Health Vocational CollegeMaomingChina
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuqing Han
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Bicai Guan
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Luzhang Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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154
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Crandall RM, Chew YM, Fill JM, Kreye JK, Varner JM, Kobziar LN. Pine trees structure plant biodiversity patterns in savannas. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70021. [PMID: 39026947 PMCID: PMC11255405 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Overstory trees serve multiple functions in grassy savannas. Past research has shown that understory species can vary along gradients of canopy cover and basal area in savannas. This variation is frequently associated with light availability but could also be related to other mechanisms, such as heterogeneity in soil and litter depth and fire intensity. Several savanna studies have found differences in understory plant functional groups within the local environment near trees versus away from them in canopy openings. Although small-scale variation is known to be high in southeastern U.S. pine savannas, patterns in understory species diversity have not been examined at the scale of individual overstory pine trees in this system. We conducted an observational study of the relationship between understory plant communities and proximity to individual pine trees in xeric and mesic pine savannas in frequently burned sites (1-3 year intervals). We recorded the plant community composition in plots adjacent to tree boles (basal) or outside crown driplines (open). Within each environment, raw species richness was significantly greater in open locations, where light transmittance was greater. In contrast, rarified species richness did not differ. Multivariate analyses showed that community composition differed significantly between basal and open plots. One native, woody species in each environment, Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small in mesic and Diospyros virginiana L. in xeric, was more abundant in basal plots. In mesic environments, eight species had greater occurrence in open plots. In xeric environments, four understory forbs were more abundant in open plots. Our results support previous research indicating that individual pine trees are associated with significant variation in understory vegetation in pine savannas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene M. Crandall
- School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Yingen M. Chew
- School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Fill
- School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jesse K. Kreye
- Department of Ecosystem Science & ManagementPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Leda N. Kobziar
- Department of Forest Rangeland and Fire Sciences, College of Natural ResourcesUniversity of IdahoCoeur d'AleneIdahoUSA
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155
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Parker EJ, Weiskopf SR, Oliver RY, Rubenstein MA, Jetz W. Insufficient and biased representation of species geographic responses to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17408. [PMID: 38984769 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The geographic redistributions of species due to a rapidly changing climate are poised to perturb ecological communities and significantly impact ecosystems and human livelihoods. Effectively managing these biological impacts requires a thorough understanding of the patterns and processes of species geographic range shifts. While substantial recent redistributions have been identified and recognized to vary by taxon, region, and range geometry, there are large gaps and biases in the available evidence. Here, we use the largest compilation of geographic range change observations to date, comprised of 33,016 potential redistributions across 12,009 species, to formally assess within- and cross-species coverage and biases and to motivate future data collection. We find that species coverage varies strongly by taxon and underrepresents species at high and low latitudes. Within species, assessments of potential redistributions came from parts of their geographic range that were highly uneven and non-representative. For most species and taxa, studies were strongly biased toward the colder parts of species' distributions and thus significantly underrepresented populations that might get pushed beyond their maximum temperature limits. Coverage of potential leading and trailing geographic range edges under a changing climate was similarly uneven. Only 8% of studied species were assessed at both high and low latitude and elevation range edges, with most only covered at one edge. This suggests that substantial within-species biases exacerbate the considerable geographic and taxonomic among-species unevenness in evidence. Our results open the door for a more quantitative accounting for existing knowledge biases in climate change ecology and a more informed management and conservation. Our findings offer guidance for future data collection that better addresses information gaps and provides a more effective foundation for managing the biological impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah R Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Ruth Y Oliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Madeleine A Rubenstein
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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156
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Keele EC, Fiss CJ, McNeil DJ, Anderson M, Thomas N, Shaffer D, Larkin JL. Food availability aligns with contrasting demographics in populations of an at-risk songbird. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11557. [PMID: 38983707 PMCID: PMC11231935 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) have become rare across much of their historic breeding range and response to conservation efforts is variable. Evidence from several recent studies suggests that breeding output is a primary driver explaining responses to conservation and it is hypothesized that differences in food availability may be driving breeding output disparity between two subpopulations of the warbler's Appalachian breeding range. Herein, we studied two subpopulations: central Pennsylvania ("central subpopulation"), where breeding productivity is relatively low, and eastern Pennsylvania ("eastern subpopulation"), where breeding productivity is relatively high. To test the food-availability hypothesis in this system, we measured density of caterpillars, plasma lipid metabolites (triglycerides [TRIG; fat deposition] and glycerol [GLYC; fat breakdown]), body mass of adults males, and acquired body mass data for fledglings at 38 sites managed for nesting habitat. Consistent with our prediction, leaf-roller caterpillar density, the group upon which Golden-winged Warblers specialize, was 45× lower in the central subpopulation than the eastern subpopulation. TRIG concentrations were highest within the eastern subpopulation during breeding grounds arrival. The change in TRIG concentrations from the breeding-grounds-arrival stage to the nestling-rearing stage was subpopulation dependent: TRIG decreased in the eastern subpopulation and was constant in the central subpopulation, resulting in similar concentrations during the nestling-rearing stage. Furthermore, GLYC concentrations were higher in the eastern subpopulation, which suggests greater energy demands in this region. Despite this, adult male warblers in the eastern subpopulation maintained a higher average body mass. Finally, fledgling body mass was 16% greater in the eastern subpopulation than the central subpopulation before and after fledging. Collectively, our results suggest that poor breeding success of Golden-winged Warblers in the central subpopulation could be driven by lower availability of primary prey during the breeding season (leaf-roller caterpillars), and this, in turn, limits their response to conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Keele
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania - Research Institute Indiana Pennsylvania USA
| | - Cameron J Fiss
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse New York USA
| | - Darin J McNeil
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Meredith Anderson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Nathan Thomas
- Department of Biology Shippensburg University Shippensburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Dakotah Shaffer
- Department of Biology Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jeffery L Larkin
- Department of Biology Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana Pennsylvania USA
- American Bird Conservancy The Plains Virginia USA
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157
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Understanding diversity-synchrony-stability relationships in multitrophic communities. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1259-1269. [PMID: 38839850 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how species loss impacts ecosystem stability is critical given contemporary declines in global biodiversity. Despite decades of research on biodiversity-stability relationships, most studies are performed within a trophic level, overlooking the multitrophic complexity structuring natural communities. Here, in a global analysis of diversity-synchrony-stability (DSS) studies (n = 420), we found that 74% were monotrophic and biased towards terrestrial plant communities, with 91% describing stabilizing effects of asynchrony. Multitrophic studies (26%) were representative of all biomes and showed that synchrony had mixed effects on stability. To explore potential mechanisms, we applied a multitrophic framework adapted from DSS theory to investigate DSS relationships in algae-herbivore assemblages across five long-term tropical and temperate marine system datasets. Both algal and herbivore species diversity reduced within-group synchrony in both systems but had different interactive effects on species synchrony between systems. Herbivore synchrony was positively and negatively influenced by algal diversity in tropical versus temperate systems, respectively, and algal synchrony was positively influenced by herbivore diversity in temperate systems. While herbivore synchrony reduced multitrophic stability in both systems, algal synchrony only reduced stability in tropical systems. These results highlight the complexity of DSS relationships at the multitrophic level and emphasize why more multitrophic assessments are needed to better understand how biodiversity influences community stability in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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158
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Porter CK, Cortes KM, Levy O, Riddell EA. The effects of humidity on thermoregulatory physiology of a small songbird. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247357. [PMID: 38853754 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Scholander-Irving curves describe the relationship between ambient temperature and metabolic rate and are fundamental to understanding the energetic demands of homeothermy. However, Scholander-Irving curves are typically measured in dry air, which is not representative of the humidity many organisms experience in nature. Consequently, it is unclear (1) whether Scholander-Irving curves (especially below thermoneutrality) are altered by humidity, given the effects of humidity on thermal properties of air, and (2) whether physiological responses associated with Scholander-Irving curves in the lab reflect organismal performance in humid field conditions. We used laboratory experiments and biophysical models to test the effects of humidity on the thermoregulatory physiology of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). We also tested whether physiological responses measured under lab conditions were correlated with field body temperatures and nestling provisioning rates. We found that humidity reduced rates of evaporative water loss but did not have large effects on body temperature or metabolic rate, suggesting that swallows can decouple evaporative cooling, body temperature and metabolic rate. Although the effect of humidity on metabolic rate in the lab was small, our biophysical models indicated that energetic costs of thermoregulation were ∼8% greater in simulations that used metabolic rates from birds in humid compared with dry conditions. Finally, we found mixed evidence that physiological responses measured in the lab under humid or dry conditions were associated with body temperature and nest provisioning rates in the field. Our results help clarify the effect of humidity on endotherm thermoregulation, which may help forecast organismal responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody K Porter
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kevin M Cortes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ofir Levy
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eric A Riddell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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159
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Wong MY, Wurzburger N, Hall JS, Wright SJ, Tang W, Hedin LO, Saltonstall K, van Breugel M, Batterman SA. Trees adjust nutrient acquisition strategies across tropical forest secondary succession. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:132-144. [PMID: 38742309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies - especially root phosphatase enzymes and mycorrhizal symbioses - to overcome low nutrient availability across secondary succession. Using a large-scale, full factorial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment of 76 plots along a secondary successional gradient in lowland wet tropical forests of Panama, we tested the extent to which root phosphatase enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization are flexible, and if investment shifts over succession, reflective of changing nutrient limitation. We also conducted a meta-analysis to test how tropical trees adjust these strategies in response to nutrient additions and across succession. We find that tropical trees are dynamic, adjusting investment in strategies - particularly root phosphatase - in response to changing nutrient conditions through succession. These changes reflect a shift from strong nitrogen to weak phosphorus limitation over succession. Our meta-analysis findings were consistent with our field study; we found more predictable responses of root phosphatase than mycorrhizal colonization to nutrient availability. Our findings suggest that nutrient acquisition strategies respond to nutrient availability and demand in tropical forests, likely critical for alleviating nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Wong
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Wenguang Tang
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
| | - Lars O Hedin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
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160
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Thorson JT. Measuring complexity for hierarchical models using effective degrees of freedom. Ecology 2024; 105:e4327. [PMID: 38859712 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Hierarchical models can express ecological dynamics using a combination of fixed and random effects, and measurement of their complexity (effective degrees of freedom, EDF) requires estimating how much random effects are shrunk toward a shared mean. Estimating EDF is helpful to (1) penalize complexity during model selection and (2) to improve understanding of model behavior. I applied the conditional Akaike Information Criterion (cAIC) to estimate EDF from the finite-difference approximation to the gradient of model predictions with respect to each datum. I confirmed that this has similar behavior to widely used Bayesian criteria, and I illustrated ecological applications using three case studies. The first compared model parsimony with or without time-varying parameters when predicting density-dependent survival, where cAIC favors time-varying demographic parameters more than conventional Akaike Information Criterion. The second estimates EDF in a phylogenetic structural equation model, and identifies a larger EDF when predicting longevity than mortality rates in fishes. The third compares EDF for a species distribution model fitted for 20 bird species and identifies those species requiring more model complexity. These highlight the ecological and statistical insight from comparing EDF among experimental units, models, and data partitions, using an approach that can be broadly adopted for nonlinear ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Thorson
- Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
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161
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Daly E, Defourneaux M, Legrand C, Renault D. The consequences of heatwaves for the reproductive success and physiology of the wingless sub-Antarctic fly Anatalanta aptera. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103910. [PMID: 38981304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Sub-lethal effects of warming temperatures are an important, yet sometimes overlooked impact of climate change that may threaten the long-term survival of numerous species. This, like many other effects of climate change, is especially concerning for cold-adapted ectotherms living in rapidly warming polar regions. This study examines the effects of warmer temperatures on cold-adapted Diptera, using the long-lived sub-Antarctic sphaerocerid fly, Anatalanta aptera, as a focal species. We conducted two experiments to assess heat stress in adult flies, one varying the intensity of the heat stress (daily heating from 4 °C to 8 °C, 20 °C, or 24 °C) and one varying the frequency of heat stress exposure (heating from 4 °C to 12 °C every one, two, or three days) and examined consequences for reproductive success and metabolic responses. We found that more heat stress reduced reproductive output, but not timing of reproduction. Surprisingly, individuals sampled at different times during heat stress exposure were undifferentiable when all metabolite concentrations were analysed with redundancy analysis, however some individual metabolites did exhibit significant differences. Overall, our findings suggest that warmer temperatures in the sub-Antarctic may put this species at greater risk, especially when combined with other concurrent threats from biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Daly
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Defourneaux
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Camille Legrand
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], Université Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
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162
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Dallstream C, Soper FM. Integrating edaphic gradients and community assembly concepts into the multidimensional root trait space. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:509-512. [PMID: 38549514 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Guilbeault‐Mayers & Laliberté (2024), 243: 636–647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dallstream
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Fiona M Soper
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Bieler School of the Environment, McGill University, 3534 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2A7, Canada
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163
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Tian H, Liu J, Shan X, Cao L, Jin X, Dou S. The incorporation of strontium and barium into the otoliths of the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus at early life stages demonstrates resilience to ocean acidification. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:141-152. [PMID: 38653715 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification could modify the bioavailability and chemical properties of trace elements in seawater, which could affect their incorporation into the calcareous structures of marine organisms. Fish otoliths, biomineralized ear stones made by aragonite, are suspended within the endolymph fluid of teleosts, indicating that the elemental incorporation of otoliths might also be susceptible to ocean acidification. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification (pH 8.10, 7.70, and 7.30, corresponding to ocean acidification scenarios under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 model as projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and water elemental concentrations of strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba; low, medium, and high) on elemental incorporation into otoliths of the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus at early life stages. Our results revealed that the elemental incorporation of Sr and Ba into otoliths was principally dependent on the corresponding water elemental concentrations rather than on ocean acidification. Moreover, the partition coefficients (DMe) of Sr and Ba may stabilize after dynamic equilibrium is reached as the water elemental concentration increases, but are not affected by ocean acidification. Therefore, the incorporation of Sr and Ba into otoliths of the flounder at early life stages may not serve as an effective indicator of ocean acidification. In other words, the findings suggest that ocean acidification does not impact the incorporation of Sr and Ba incorporation into otoliths when tracing the temperature or salinity experiences of the flounder. Our findings will provide new knowledge for understanding the potential ecological effects of ocean acidification on the recruitment dynamics of fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujuan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianshi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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164
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Evers DC, Ackerman JT, Åkerblom S, Bally D, Basu N, Bishop K, Bodin N, Braaten HFV, Burton MEH, Bustamante P, Chen C, Chételat J, Christian L, Dietz R, Drevnick P, Eagles-Smith C, Fernandez LE, Hammerschlag N, Harmelin-Vivien M, Harte A, Krümmel EM, Brito JL, Medina G, Barrios Rodriguez CA, Stenhouse I, Sunderland E, Takeuchi A, Tear T, Vega C, Wilson S, Wu P. Global mercury concentrations in biota: their use as a basis for a global biomonitoring framework. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:325-396. [PMID: 38683471 PMCID: PMC11213816 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An important provision of the Minamata Convention on Mercury is to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures and its implementation. Here, we describe for the first time currently available biotic mercury (Hg) data on a global scale to improve the understanding of global efforts to reduce the impact of Hg pollution on people and the environment. Data from the peer-reviewed literature were compiled in the Global Biotic Mercury Synthesis (GBMS) database (>550,000 data points). These data provide a foundation for establishing a biomonitoring framework needed to track Hg concentrations in biota globally. We describe Hg exposure in the taxa identified by the Minamata Convention: fish, sea turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Based on the GBMS database, Hg concentrations are presented at relevant geographic scales for continents and oceanic basins. We identify some effective regional templates for monitoring methylmercury (MeHg) availability in the environment, but overall illustrate that there is a general lack of regional biomonitoring initiatives around the world, especially in Africa, Australia, Indo-Pacific, Middle East, and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Temporal trend data for Hg in biota are generally limited. Ecologically sensitive sites (where biota have above average MeHg tissue concentrations) have been identified throughout the world. Efforts to model and quantify ecosystem sensitivity locally, regionally, and globally could help establish effective and efficient biomonitoring programs. We present a framework for a global Hg biomonitoring network that includes a three-step continental and oceanic approach to integrate existing biomonitoring efforts and prioritize filling regional data gaps linked with key Hg sources. We describe a standardized approach that builds on an evidence-based evaluation to assess the Minamata Convention's progress to reduce the impact of global Hg pollution on people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | | | - Dominique Bally
- African Center for Environmental Health, BP 826 Cidex 03, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nil Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Upsalla, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development Seychelles Fishing Authority, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Mark E H Burton
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Celia Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John Chételat
- Environment and Cliamte Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Linroy Christian
- Department of Analytical Services, Dunbars, Friars Hill, St John, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Ecoscience, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul Drevnick
- Teck American Incorporated, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Collin Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Luis E Fernandez
- Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability and Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 29106, USA
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazonica (CINCIA), Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Shark Research Foundation Inc, 29 Wideview Lane, Boutiliers Point, NS, B3Z 0M9, Canada
| | - Mireille Harmelin-Vivien
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU/IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), UM 110, Campus de Luminy, case 901, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Agustin Harte
- Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions Secretariat, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Chem. des Anémones 15, 1219, Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Krümmel
- Inuit Circumpolar Council-Canada, Ottawa, Canada and ScienTissiME Inc, Barry's Bay, ON, Canada
| | - José Lailson Brito
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Medina
- Director of Basel Convention Coordinating Centre, Stockholm Convention Regional Centre for Latin America and the Caribbean, Hosted by the Ministry of Environment, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Iain Stenhouse
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Elsie Sunderland
- Harvard University, Pierce Hall 127, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Akinori Takeuchi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Health and Environmental Risk Division, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tim Tear
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Claudia Vega
- Centro de Innovaccion Cientifica Amazonica (CINCIA), Jiron Ucayali 750, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17001, Peru
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pianpian Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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165
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Zilio G, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Fronhofer EA, Kaltz O. Dispersal evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics in antagonistic species interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:666-676. [PMID: 38637209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Dispersal evolution modifies diverse spatial processes, such as range expansions or biological invasions of single species, but we are currently lacking a realistic vision for metacommunities. Focusing on antagonistic species interactions, we review existing theory of dispersal evolution between natural enemies, and explain how this might be relevant for classic themes in host-parasite evolutionary ecology, namely virulence evolution or local adaptation. Specifically, we highlight the importance of considering the simultaneous (co)evolution of dispersal and interaction traits. Linking such multi-trait evolution with reciprocal demographic and epidemiological feedbacks might change basic predictions about coevolutionary processes and spatial dynamics of interacting species. Future challenges concern the integration of system-specific disease ecology or spatial modifiers, such as spatial network structure or environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Zilio
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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166
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Bullen CD, Driscoll J, Burt J, Stephens T, Hessing-Lewis M, Gregr EJ. The potential climate benefits of seaweed farming in temperate waters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15021. [PMID: 38951559 PMCID: PMC11217401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed farming is widely promoted as an approach to mitigating climate change despite limited data on carbon removal pathways and uncertainty around benefits and risks at operational scales. We explored the feasibility of climate change mitigation from seaweed farming by constructing five scenarios spanning a range of industry development in coastal British Columbia, Canada, a temperate region identified as highly suitable for seaweed farming. Depending on growth rates and the fate of farmed seaweed, our scenarios sequestered or avoided between 0.20 and 8.2 Tg CO2e year-1, equivalent to 0.3% and 13% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in BC, respectively. Realisation of climate benefits required seaweed-based products to replace existing, more emissions-intensive products, as marine sequestration was relatively inefficient. Such products were also key to reducing the monetary cost of climate benefits, with product values exceeding production costs in only one of the scenarios we examined. However, model estimates have large uncertainties dominated by seaweed production and emissions avoided, making these key priorities for future research. Our results show that seaweed farming could make an economically feasible contribute to Canada's climate goals if markets for value-added seaweed based products are developed. Moreover, our model demonstrates the possibility for farmers, regulators, and researchers to accurately quantify the climate benefits of seaweed farming in their regional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Bullen
- SciTech Environmental Consulting, 2136 Napier Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5L 2N9
| | - John Driscoll
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenn Burt
- Nature United, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tiffany Stephens
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - Margot Hessing-Lewis
- Hakai Institute, Campbell River, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward J Gregr
- SciTech Environmental Consulting, 2136 Napier Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5L 2N9.
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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167
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van Zinnicq Bergmann MPM, Griffin LP, Bodey TW, Guttridge TL, Aarts G, Heithaus MR, Smukall MJ, Papastamatiou YP. Intraguild processes drive space-use patterns in a large-bodied marine predator community. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:876-890. [PMID: 38778676 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Interspecific interactions, including predator-prey, intraguild predation (IGP) and competition, may drive distribution and habitat use of predator communities. However, elucidating the relative importance of these interactions in shaping predator distributions is challenging, especially in marine communities comprising highly mobile species. We used individual-based models (IBMs) to predict the habitat distributions of apex predators, intraguild (IG) prey and prey. We then used passive acoustic telemetry to test these predictions in a subtropical marine predator community consisting of eight elasmobranch (i.e. shark and ray) species in Bimini, The Bahamas. IBMs predicted that prey and IG prey will preferentially select habitats based on safety over resources (food), with stronger selection for safe habitat by smaller prey. Elasmobranch space-use patterns matched these predictions. Species with predator-prey and asymmetrical IGP (between apex and small mesopredators) interactions showed the clearest spatial separation, followed by asymmetrical IGP among apex and large mesopredators. Competitors showed greater spatial overlap although with finer-scale differences in microhabitat use. Our study suggests space-use patterns in elasmobranchs are at least partially driven by interspecific interactions, with stronger spatial separation occurring where interactions include predator-prey relationships or IGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits P M van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
| | - Lucas P Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas W Bodey
- School of Biological Sciences, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tristan L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, Florida, USA
| | - Geert Aarts
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group and Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Den Helder, The Netherlands
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew J Smukall
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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168
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Richardson LK, Nordstrom SW, Waananen A, Thoen RD, Dykstra AB, Kiefer G, Mullett DE, Eichenberger EG, Shaw RG, Wagenius S. Juvenile survival increases with dispersal distance and varies across years: 15 years of evidence in a prairie perennial. Ecology 2024; 105:e4331. [PMID: 38802284 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Juvenile survival is critical to population persistence and evolutionary change. However, the survival of juvenile plants from emergence to reproductive maturity is rarely quantified. This is especially true for long-lived perennials with extended pre-reproductive periods. Furthermore, studies rarely have the replication necessary to account for variation among populations and cohorts. We estimated juvenile survival and its relationship to population size, density of conspecifics, distance to the maternal plant, age, year, and cohort for Echinacea angustifolia, a long-lived herbaceous perennial. In 14 remnant prairie populations over seven sampling years, 2007-2013, we identified 886 seedlings. We then monitored these individuals annually until 2021 (8-15 years). Overall, juvenile mortality was very high; for almost all cohorts fewer than 10% of seedlings survived to age 8 or to year 2021. Only two of the seedlings reached reproductive maturity within the study period. Juvenile survival increased with distance from the maternal plant and varied more among the study years than it did by age or cohort. Juvenile survival did not vary with population size or local density of conspecific neighbors. Our results suggest that low juvenile survival could contribute to projected population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea K Richardson
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Scott W Nordstrom
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy Waananen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Riley D Thoen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy B Dykstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gretel Kiefer
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
| | - Drake E Mullett
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
| | - Erin G Eichenberger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruth G Shaw
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stuart Wagenius
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
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169
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Maurer ML, Goyco-Blas JF, Kohl KD. Dietary tannins alter growth, behavior, and the gut microbiome of larval amphibians. Integr Zool 2024; 19:585-595. [PMID: 37551631 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that leached plant toxins negatively impact the growth and development of larval amphibians. However, tadpoles may encounter these same toxins in food material, and differential exposure routes and distribution of toxic chemicals can yield variable downstream effects on animals. To date, most research understanding the interactions between dietary plant toxins and herbivores has been conducted in terrestrial systems. Despite the abundance of plant toxins in food and water sources, the effects of dietary plant toxins on larval amphibians have not been studied, and tannins could negatively affect these species. Here, green frog tadpoles (Lithobates clamitans) were fed diets with or without 2% tannic acid to test how their growth, development, behavior, and gut microbiome respond to dietary tannins. At the end of the trial, we conducted a behavioral assay to measure tadpole activity and boldness and inventoried the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. Dietary tannins significantly decreased body mass by 66% and length by 28%, without influencing tadpole developmental stage. We found significant differences in exploratory behavior and boldness during the first minute of our behavioral assay, demonstrating that tannins have the potential to influence behavior during novel or stressful events. Finally, tannins significantly sculpted the gut microbiome, with an increase in the measurement of Shannon entropy. We observed 7 microbial phyla and 153 microbial genera that exhibited significantly differential abundances differences between control and tannic acid-fed tadpoles. Collectively, our results demonstrate that dietary tannins have the potential to alter amphibian growth, behavior, and microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Maurer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - José F Goyco-Blas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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170
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Meunier ZD, Hacker SD, Menge BA. Regime shifts in rocky intertidal communities associated with a marine heatwave and disease outbreak. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1285-1297. [PMID: 38831017 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Long-term, large-scale experimental studies provide critical information about how global change influences communities. When environmental changes are severe, they can trigger abrupt transitions from one community type to another leading to a regime shift. From 2014 to 2016, rocky intertidal habitats in the northeast Pacific Ocean experienced extreme temperatures during a multi-year marine heatwave (MHW) and sharp population declines of the keystone predator Pisaster ochraceus due to sea star wasting disease (SSWD). Here we measured the community structure before, during and after the MHW onset and SSWD outbreak in a 15-year succession experiment conducted in a rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem spanning 13 sites on four capes in Oregon and northern California, United States. Kelp abundance declined during the MHW due to extreme temperatures, while gooseneck barnacle and mussel abundances increased due to reduced predation pressure after the loss of Pisaster from SSWD. Using several methods, we detected regime shifts from substrate- or algae-dominated to invertebrate-dominated alternative states at two capes. After water temperatures cooled and Pisaster population densities recovered, community structure differed from pre-disturbance conditions, suggesting low resilience. Consequently, thermal stress and predator loss can result in regime shifts that fundamentally alter community structure even after restoration of baseline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechariah D Meunier
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Sally D Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bruce A Menge
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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171
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Szymkowiak J, Foest J, Hacket-Pain A, Journé V, Ascoli D, Bogdziewicz M. Tail-dependence of masting synchrony results in continent-wide seed scarcity. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14474. [PMID: 38994849 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Spatial synchrony may be tail-dependent, meaning it is stronger for peaks rather than troughs, or vice versa. High interannual variation in seed production in perennial plants, called masting, can be synchronized at subcontinental scales, triggering extensive resource pulses or famines. We used data from 99 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) to examine whether masting synchrony differs between mast peaks and years of seed scarcity. Our results revealed that seed scarcity occurs simultaneously across the majority of the species range, extending to populations separated by distances up to 1800 km. Mast peaks were spatially synchronized at distances up to 1000 km and synchrony was geographically concentrated in northeastern Europe. Extensive synchrony in the masting lower tail means that famines caused by beech seed scarcity are amplified by their extensive spatial synchrony, with diverse consequences for food web functioning and climate change biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Szymkowiak
- Faculty of Biology, Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Population Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jessie Foest
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Valentin Journé
- Faculty of Biology, Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Michał Bogdziewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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172
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Wang S, Hong P, Adler PB, Allan E, Hautier Y, Schmid B, Spaak JW, Feng Y. Towards mechanistic integration of the causes and consequences of biodiversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:689-700. [PMID: 38503639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The global biodiversity crisis has stimulated decades of research on three themes: species coexistence, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships (BEF), and biodiversity-ecosystem functional stability relationships (BEFS). However, studies on these themes are largely independent, creating barriers to an integrative understanding of the causes and consequences of biodiversity. Here we review recent progress towards mechanistic integration of coexistence, BEF, and BEFS. Mechanisms underlying the three themes can be linked in various ways, potentially creating either positive or negative relationships between them. That said, we generally expect positive associations between coexistence and BEF, and between BEF and BEFS. Our synthesis represents an initial step towards integrating causes and consequences of biodiversity; future developments should include more mechanistic approaches and broader ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Pubin Hong
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jurg W Spaak
- Landscape ecology, RPTU Kaiserslautern Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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173
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Mesa-Ramos L, Palacios OA, Adame-Gallegos JR, Chávez-Flores D, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Assessing antibiotic residues in sediments from mangrove ecosystems: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116512. [PMID: 38810504 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics' widespread and abusive use in aquaculture and livestock leads to extensive environmental dissemination and dispersion, consequently increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in marine ecosystems. Hence, there is an increased need for efficient methods for identifying and quantifying antibiotic residues in soils and sediments. From a review of the last 20 years, we propose and compare different chromatographic techniques for detecting and quantifying antibiotics in sediment samples from marine ecosystems, particularly in mangrove forest sediments. The methods typically include three stages: extraction of antibiotics from the solid matrix, cleaning, and concentration of samples before quantification. We address the leading causes of the occurrence of antibiotics in marine ecosystem sediments and analyze the most appropriate methods for each analytical stage. Ultimately, selecting a method for identifying antibiotic residues depends on multiple factors, ranging from the nature and physicochemical properties of the analytes to the availability of the necessary equipment and the available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liber Mesa-Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Oskar A Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Jaime Raúl Adame-Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
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174
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Dale VR, Bolton M, Dornelas M, Magurran AE, Dennis R, Broad R, Riddiford NJ, Harvey PV, Riddington R, Shaw DN, Parnaby D, Reid JM. Among-species variation in six decades of changing migration timings explained through ecology, life-history and local migratory abundance. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17400. [PMID: 39007244 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Species exploiting seasonal environments must alter timings of key life-history events in response to large-scale climatic changes in order to maintain trophic synchrony with required resources. Yet, substantial among-species variation in long-term phenological changes has been observed. Advancing from simply describing such variation towards predicting future phenological responses requires studies that rigorously quantify and explain variation in the direction and magnitude of changing timings across diverse species in relation to key ecological and life-history variables. Accordingly, we fitted multi-quantile regressions to 59 years of multi-species data on spring and autumn bird migration timings through northern Scotland. We demonstrate substantial variation in changes in timings among 72 species, and tested whether such variation can be explained by species ecology, life-history and changes in local abundance. Consistent with predictions, species that advanced their migration timing in one or both seasons had more seasonally restricted diet types, fewer suitable breeding habitat types, shorter generation lengths and capability to produce multiple offspring broods per year. In contrast, species with less seasonally restricted diet types and that produce single annual offspring broods, showed no change. Meanwhile, contrary to prediction, long-distance and short-distance migrants advanced migration timings similarly. Changes in migration timing also varied with changes in local migratory abundance, such that species with increasing seasonal abundance apparently altered their migration timing, whilst species with decreasing abundance did not. Such patterns broadly concur with expectation given adaptive changes in migration timing. However, we demonstrate that similar patterns can be generated by numerical sampling given changing local abundances. Any apparent phenology-abundance relationships should, therefore, be carefully validated and interpreted. Overall, our results show that migrant bird species with differing ecologies and life-histories showed systematically differing phenological changes over six decades contextualised by large-scale environmental changes, potentially facilitating future predictions and altering temporal dynamics of seasonal species co-occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki R Dale
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark Bolton
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Roy Dennis
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
- Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation, Half Davoch Cottage, Forres, UK
| | - Roger Broad
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
| | | | - Paul V Harvey
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
| | | | - Deryk N Shaw
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
| | - David Parnaby
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
| | - Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, Fair Isle, Shetland, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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175
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Peng J, Ma F, Quan Q, Liao J, Chen C, Wang Y, Tang J, Sun C, Zhou Q, Niu S. Nitrogen deposition differentially regulates the sensitivity of gross primary productivity to extreme drought versus wetness. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17428. [PMID: 39021355 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Global hydroclimatic variability is increasing with more frequent extreme dry and wet years, severely destabilizing terrestrial ecosystem productivity. However, what regulates the consequence of precipitation extremes on productivity remains unclear. Based on a 9-year field manipulation experiment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we found that the responses of gross primary productivity (GPP) to extreme drought and wetness were differentially regulated by nitrogen (N) deposition. Over increasing N deposition, extreme dry events reduced GPP more. Among the 12 biotic and abiotic factors examined, this was mostly explained by the increased plant canopy height and proportion of drought-sensitive species under N deposition, making photosynthesis more sensitive to hydraulic stress. While extreme wet events increased GPP, their effect did not shift over N deposition. These site observations were complemented by a global synthesis derived from the GOSIF GPP dataset, which showed that GPP sensitivity to extreme drought was larger in ecosystems with higher N deposition, but GPP sensitivity to extreme wetness did not change with N deposition. Our findings indicate that intensified hydroclimatic variability would lead to a greater loss of land carbon sinks in the context of increasing N deposition, due to that GPP losses during extreme dry years are more pronounced, yet without a synchronous increase in GPP gains during extreme wet years. The study implies that the conservation and management against climate extremes merit particular attention in ecosystems subject to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlian Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Chengdu, China
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176
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Gallien L, Cavaliere MC, Grange MC, Munoz F, Münkemüller T. Intransitive Stability Collapses Under the Influence of Dominant Competitors. Am Nat 2024; 204:E1-E10. [PMID: 38857345 DOI: 10.1086/730297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AbstractIntransitive competition has received much attention over the past decade. Indeed, these cyclic arrangements of species interactions have the potential to promote and stabilize species coexistence. However, the importance of intransitive interactions in real-world species-rich communities containing a mixture of hierarchic and intransitive interactions remains unknown. Here, using simulations, we explore the behavior of intransitive loops when they interact with outer competitors, as would be expected in real-world communities. Our results show that dominant competitors often cancel the beneficial effects of intransitive loops of inferior competitors. These results call for caution when inferring beneficial effects of intransitivity on species coexistence. Although intransitive loops are a frequent motif in competition networks, their positive effects on species coexistence may be less important than previously thought. The specific properties of a subnetwork-such as stabilization by intransitive loops-should thus not be interpreted independently of the global network.
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177
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Dzul MC, Kendall WL, Yackulic CB, Van Haverbeke DR, Mackinnon P, Young K, Pillow MJ, Thomas J. Estimating migration timing and abundance in partial migratory systems by integrating continuous antenna detections with physical captures. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:796-811. [PMID: 38561901 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Many populations migrate between two different habitats (e.g. wintering/foraging to breeding area, mainstem-tributary, river-lake, river-ocean, river-side channel) as part of their life history. Detection technologies, such as passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennas or sonic receivers, can be placed at boundaries between habitats (e.g. near the confluence of rivers) to detect migratory movements of marked animals. Often, these detection systems have high detection probabilities and detect many individuals but are limited in their ability to make inferences about abundance because only marked individuals can be detected. Here, we introduce a mark-recapture modelling approach that uses detections from a double-array PIT antenna system to imply movement directionality from arrays and estimate migration timing. Additionally, when combined with physical captures, the model can be used to estimate abundances for both migratory and non-migratory groups and help quantify partial migration. We first test our approach using simulation, and results indicate our approach displayed negligible bias for total abundance (less than ±1%) and slight biases for state-specific abundance estimates (±1%-6%). We fit our model to array detections and physical captures of three native fishes (humpback chub [Gila cypha], flannelmouth sucker [Catostomus latipinnis] and bluehead sucker [Catostomus discobolus]) in the Little Colorado River (LCR) in Grand Canyon, AZ, a system that exhibits partial migration (i.e. includes residents and migrants). Abundance estimates from our model confirm that, for all three species, migratory individuals are much more numerous than residents. There was little difference in movement timing between 2021 (a year without preceding winter/spring floods) and 2022 (a year with a small flood occurring in early April). In both years, flannelmouth sucker arrived in mid-March whereas humpback chub and bluehead sucker arrivals occurred early- to mid-April. With humpback chub and flannelmouth sucker, movement timing was influenced by body size so that large individuals were more likely to arrive early compared to smaller individuals. With more years of data, this model framework could be used to evaluate ecological questions pertaining to flow cues and movement timing or intensity, relative trends in migrants versus residents and ecological drivers of skipped spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dzul
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - W L Kendall
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - C B Yackulic
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - D R Van Haverbeke
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - P Mackinnon
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - K Young
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - M J Pillow
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - J Thomas
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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178
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Gross CP, Stachowicz JJ. Extending trait dispersion across trophic levels: Predator assemblages act as top-down filters on prey communities. Ecology 2024; 105:e4320. [PMID: 38768562 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Studies of community assembly typically focus on the effects of abiotic environmental filters and stabilizing competition on functional trait dispersion within single trophic levels. Predation is a well-known driver of community diversity and composition, yet the role of functionally diverse predator communities in filtering prey community traits has received less attention. We examined functionally diverse communities of predators (fishes) and prey (epifaunal crustaceans) in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds in two northern California estuaries to evaluate the filtering effects of predator traits on community assembly and how filters acting on predators influence their ability to mediate prey community assembly. Fish traits related to bottom orientation were correlated with more clustered epifauna communities, and epifauna were generally overdispersed while fishes were clustered, suggesting prey may be pushed to disparate areas of trait space to avoid capture by benthic sit-and-wait predators. We also found correlations between the trait dispersions of predator and prey communities that strengthened after accounting for the effects of habitat filters on predator dispersion, suggesting that habitat filtering effects on predator species pools may hinder their ability to affect prey community assembly. Our results present compelling observational evidence that specific predator traits have measurable impacts on the community assembly of prey, inviting experimental tests of predator trait means on community assembly and explicit comparisons of how the relative effects of habitat filters and intraguild competition on predators impact their ability to affect prey community assembly. Integrating our understanding of traits at multiple trophic levels can help us better predict the impacts of community composition on food web dynamics as regional species pools shift with climate change and anthropogenic introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin P Gross
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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179
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Li H, Liang Y, Meng Z, Ren X, Meng R, Zhao F. Changes in soil bacterial community characteristics in patches of different vegetation types under different stages of restoration in the desert of northern China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11353. [PMID: 39045497 PMCID: PMC11264348 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In desert areas, the process of mobile sandy land changing to semi-fixed sandy land and eventually to fixed sandy land after undergoing vegetation restoration is inevitable. The presence of shrub patches and herb patches is common in this restoration process. No relevant studies have reported the soil bacterial community characteristics of different vegetation-type patches (shrub patches and herb patches) under different stages of restoration. Therefore, we utilized long-established experimental plots to collect soil from 0-20 cm soil layer under shrub patches (dominated by Salix psammophila) and herb patches under different stages of restoration (i.e., mobile sand land, semi-fixed sand land, and fixed sand land), by determining soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and soil bacterial communities. Our results found that soil bacterial α-diversity under different restoration stages showed higher shrub patches than herb patches. The dominant bacterial communities (phyla) in shrub patches and herb patches at different recovery stages were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. When the mobile sandy land returned to fixed sandy land, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota gradually decreased under shrub patches and herb patches, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly. In addition, herb patches significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria (genus) relative to shrub patches at different stages of recovery. Soil nutrients, soil fine particles, and soil enzyme activities were significantly higher under shrub patches than under herb patches when fixed sandy land due to differences in life form and architecture between shrub patches and herb patches. Based on this, soil bacterial community composition and diversity under shrub patches were driven by more soil properties during the restoration of sandy land. This study complements the dynamic recovery processes and driving mechanisms of soil bacterial community structure under different vegetation patches in sandy areas, especially in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonian Li
- College of Desert Control Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Yumei Liang
- College of Desert Control Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Zhongju Meng
- College of Desert Control Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Xiaomen Ren
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological SciencesHohhotChina
| | - Ruibing Meng
- College of Desert Control Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- College of Desert Control Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
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180
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Heckman RW, Pereira CG, Aspinwall MJ, Juenger TE. Physiological Responses of C 4 Perennial Bioenergy Grasses to Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Constraints. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:737-769. [PMID: 38424068 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-093952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are an economically and ecologically important group whose responses to climate change will be important to the future bioeconomy. These grasses are highly productive and frequently possess large geographic ranges and broad environmental tolerances, which may contribute to the evolution of ecotypes that differ in physiological acclimation capacity and the evolution of distinct functional strategies. C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are predicted to thrive under climate change-C4 photosynthesis likely evolved to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under stressful conditions of low [CO2], high temperature, and drought-although few studies have examined how these species will respond to combined stresses or to extremes of temperature and precipitation. Important targets for C4 perennial bioenergy production in a changing world, such as sustainability and resilience, can benefit from combining knowledge of C4 physiology with recent advances in crop improvement, especially genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Heckman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Cedar City, Utah, USA;
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
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181
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Walker XJ, Hart S, Hansen WD, Jean M, Brown CD, Stuart Chapin F, Hewitt R, Hollingsworth TN, Mack MC, Johnstone JF. Factors limiting the potential range expansion of lodgepole pine in Interior Alaska. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2983. [PMID: 38840517 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors influencing species range limits is increasingly crucial in anticipating migrations due to human-caused climate change. In the boreal biome, ongoing climate change and the associated increases in the rate, size, and severity of disturbances may alter the distributions of boreal tree species. Notably, Interior Alaska lacks native pine, a biogeographical anomaly that carries implications for ecosystem structure and function. The current range of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in the adjacent Yukon Territory may expand into Interior Alaska, particularly with human assistance. Evaluating the potential for pine expansion in Alaska requires testing constraints on range limits such as dispersal limitations, environmental tolerance limits, and positive or negative biotic interactions. In this study, we used field experiments with pine seeds and transplanted seedlings, complemented by model simulations, to assess the abiotic and biotic factors influencing lodgepole pine seedling establishment and growth after fire in Interior Alaska. We found that pine could successfully recruit, survive, grow, and reproduce across our broadly distributed network of experimental sites. Our results show that both mammalian herbivory and competition from native tree species are unlikely to constrain pine growth and that environmental conditions commonly found in Interior Alaska fall well within the tolerance limits for pine. If dispersal constraints are released, lodgepole pine could have a geographically expansive range in Alaska, and once established, its growth is sufficient to support pine-dominated stands. Given the impacts of lodgepole pine on ecosystem processes such as increases in timber production, carbon sequestration, landscape flammability, and reduced forage quality, natural or human-assisted migration of this species is likely to substantially alter responses of Alaskan forest ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe J Walker
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Hart
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Mélanie Jean
- Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Carissa D Brown
- Department of Geography, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Rebecca Hewitt
- Department of Environmental Studies, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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182
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Wellenbeck A, Fehrmann L, Feilhauer H, Schmidtlein S, Misof B, Hein N. Discriminating woody species assemblages from National Forest Inventory data based on phylogeny in Georgia. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11569. [PMID: 39045499 PMCID: PMC11264350 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Classifications of forest vegetation types and characterization of related species assemblages are important analytical tools for mapping and diversity monitoring of forest communities. The discrimination of forest communities is often based on β-diversity, which can be quantified via numerous indices to derive compositional dissimilarity between samples. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of unsupervised classification for National Forest Inventory data from Georgia by comparing two cluster hierarchies. We calculated the mean basal area per hectare for each woody species across 1059 plot observations and quantified interspecies distances for all 87 species. Following an unspuervised cluster analysis, we compared the results derived from the species-neutral dissimilarity (Bray-Curtis) with those based on the Discriminating Avalanche dissimilarity, which incorporates interspecies phylogenetic variation. Incorporating genetic variation in the dissimilarity quantification resulted in a more nuanced discrimination of woody species assemblages and increased cluster coherence. Favorable statistics include the total number of clusters (23 vs. 20), mean distance within clusters (0.773 vs. 0.343), and within sum of squares (344.13 vs. 112.92). Clusters derived from dissimilarities that account for genetic variation showed a more robust alignment with biogeographical units, such as elevation and known habitats. We demonstrate that the applicability of unsupervised classification of species assemblages to large-scale forest inventory data strongly depends on the underlying quantification of dissimilarity. Our results indicate that by incorporating phylogenetic variation, a more precise classification aligned with biogeographic units is attained. This supports the concept that the genetic signal of species assemblages reflects biogeographical patterns and facilitates more precise analyses for mapping, monitoring, and management of forest diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wellenbeck
- Systematic ZoologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- Forest Inventory and Remote SensingUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Fehrmann
- Forest Inventory and Remote SensingUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Hannes Feilhauer
- Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research (RSC4Earth)Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Sebastian Schmidtlein
- Institute of Geography and GeoecologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Systematic ZoologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum KoenigBonnGermany
| | - Nils Hein
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)Museum KoenigBonnGermany
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183
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Yaffar D, Lugli LF, Wong MY, Norby RJ, Addo-Danso SD, Arnaud M, Cordeiro AL, Dietterich LH, Diaz-Toribio MH, Lee MY, Ghimire OP, Smith-Martin CM, Toro L, Andersen K, McCulloch LA, Meier IC, Powers JS, Sanchez-Julia M, Soper FM, Cusack DF. Tropical root responses to global changes: A synthesis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17420. [PMID: 39044411 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems face escalating global change. These shifts can disrupt tropical forests' carbon (C) balance and impact root dynamics. Since roots perform essential functions such as resource acquisition and tissue protection, root responses can inform about the strategies and vulnerabilities of ecosystems facing present and future global changes. However, root trait dynamics are poorly understood, especially in tropical ecosystems. We analyzed existing research on tropical root responses to key global change drivers: warming, drought, flooding, cyclones, nitrogen (N) deposition, elevated (e) CO2, and fires. Based on tree species- and community-level literature, we obtained 266 root trait observations from 93 studies across 24 tropical countries. We found differences in the proportion of root responsiveness to global change among different global change drivers but not among root categories. In particular, we observed that tropical root systems responded to warming and eCO2 by increasing root biomass in species-scale studies. Drought increased the root: shoot ratio with no change in root biomass, indicating a decline in aboveground biomass. Despite N deposition being the most studied global change driver, it had some of the most variable effects on root characteristics, with few predictable responses. Episodic disturbances such as cyclones, fires, and flooding consistently resulted in a change in root trait expressions, with cyclones and fires increasing root production, potentially due to shifts in plant community and nutrient inputs, while flooding changed plant regulatory metabolisms due to low oxygen conditions. The data available to date clearly show that tropical forest root characteristics and dynamics are responding to global change, although in ways that are not always predictable. This synthesis indicates the need for replicated studies across root characteristics at species and community scales under different global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Yaffar
- Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laynara F Lugli
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Wong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shalom D Addo-Danso
- Forest and Climate Change Division, CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marie Arnaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IEES), Paris, France
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda L Cordeiro
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee H Dietterich
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Milton H Diaz-Toribio
- Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ming Y Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Om Prakash Ghimire
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Toro
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly Andersen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lindsay A McCulloch
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mareli Sanchez-Julia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fiona M Soper
- Department of Biology and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Qubec, Canada
| | - Daniela F Cusack
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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184
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Serediuk H, Jackson J, Evers SM, Paniw M. Comparative life-history responses of lacewings to changes in temperature. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70000. [PMID: 39026964 PMCID: PMC11257770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects play a crucial role in all ecosystems, and are increasingly exposed to higher in temperature extremes under climate change, which can have substantial effects on their abundances. However, the effects of temperature on changes in abundances or population fitness are filtered through differential responses of life-history components, such as survival, reproduction, and development, to their environment. Such differential responses, or trade-offs, have been widely studied in birds and mammals, but comparative studies on insects are largely lacking, limiting our understanding of key mechanisms that may buffer or exacerbate climate-change effects across insect species. Here, we performed a systematic literature review of the ecological studies of lacewings (Neuroptera), predatory insects that play a crucial role in ecosystem pest regulation, to investigate the impact of temperature on life cycle dynamics across species. We found quantitative information, linking stage-specific survival, development, and reproduction to temperature variation, for 62 species from 39 locations. We then performed a metanalysis calculating sensitives to temperature across life-history processes for all publications. We found that developmental times consistently decreased with temperature for all species. Survival and reproduction however showed a weaker response to temperature, and temperature sensitivities varied substantially among species. After controlling for the effect of temperature on life-history processes, the latter covaried consistently across two main axes of variation related to instar and pupae development, suggesting the presence of life-history trade-offs. Our work provides new information that can help generalize life-history responses of insects to temperature, which can then expand comparative demographic and climate-change research. We also discuss important remaining knowledge gaps, such as a better assessment of adult survival and diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Serediuk
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global ChangeEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevilleSpain
- State Museum of Natural History NASULvivUkraine
| | - John Jackson
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global ChangeEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevilleSpain
| | - Sanne Maria Evers
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global ChangeEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevilleSpain
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global ChangeEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevilleSpain
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185
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Wangen CE, Powell JA, Bentz BJ. A mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adult development rate model confirms evolved geographic differences. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 39180431 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Insects live in a wide range of thermal environments and have evolved species- and location-specific physiological processes for survival in hot and cold extremes. Thermally driven dormancy strategies, development rates and thresholds are important for synchronizing cohorts within a population and to local climates and often vary among populations within a species. Mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a widely distributed forest insect native to North America with clinal genetic differentiation in thermally dependent traits. MPB development occurs in Pinus phloem beneath the bark, and its cryptic habitat makes experimentation difficult, particularly for the adult stage. We describe a novel method for modeling MPB adult development following pupation and terminating in emergence from a brood tree. We focus on an Arizona (southern) MPB population with previously described preadult development rates. Field-observed tree attack, adult emergence, and phloem temperature data are combined in a parameterized cohort model and candidate rate curves are evaluated to describe adult emergence timing. Model competition indicates that the Brière rate curve provided the best fit to field data and performed well under cross-validation. Results confirm that the development of Arizona MPB adults is slower than the previously described development rate of more northern Utah adults. Using the estimated adult rate curve in a scenario of increasing mean temperatures, we show that the timing of second-generation adult emergence in the same year would result in cold-intolerant lifestages during winter, limiting the success of bivoltine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Wangen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - James A Powell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Barbara J Bentz
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, UT 84321, USA
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186
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Dukas R, Bailey NW. Evolutionary biology of social expertise. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38946116 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that competent handling of social interactions among conspecifics has positive effects on individual fitness. While individual variation in social competence has been appreciated, the role of long-term experience in the acquisition of superior social skills has received less attention. With the goal of promoting further research, we integrate knowledge across disciplines to assess social expertise, defined as the characteristics, skills and knowledge allowing individuals with extensive social experience to perform significantly better than novices on a given social task. We focus on three categories of social behaviour. First, animals can gain from adjusting social behaviour towards individually recognised conspecifics that they interact with on a regular basis. For example, there is evidence that some territorial animals individually recognise their neighbours and modify their social interactions based on experience with each neighbour. Similarly, individuals in group-living species learn to associate with specific group members based on their expected benefits from such social connections. Individuals have also been found to devote considerable time and effort to learning about the spatial location and timing of sexual receptivity of opposite-sex neighbours to optimise reproduction. Second, signallers can enhance their signals, and receivers can refine their response to signals with experience. In many birds and insects, individuals can produce more consistent signals with experience, and females across a wide taxonomic range can adaptively adjust mating preferences after perceiving distinct male signals. Third, in many species, individuals that succeed in reproducing encounter the novel, complex task of caring for vulnerable offspring. Evidence from a few species of mammals indicates that mothers improve in providing for and protecting their young over successive broods. Finally, for social expertise to evolve, heritable variation in social expertise has to be positively associated with fitness. Heritable variation has been shown in traits contributing to social expertise including social attention, empathy, individual recognition and maternal care. There are currently limited data associating social expertise with fitness, most likely owing to sparse research effort. Exceptions include maternal care, signal refinement, and familiarity with neighbours and group members. Overall, there is evidence that individuals in many species keep refining their social skills with experience throughout life. Hence we propose promising lines of research that can quantify more thoroughly the development of social expertise and its effects on fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Dukas
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nathan W Bailey
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
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187
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Du X, He P, Meng F. Predicting the spatial distribution of three Ephedra species under climate change using the MaxEnt model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32696. [PMID: 39183892 PMCID: PMC11341288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of global warming, the habitats of Ephedra, including Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex Mey, and Ephedra equisetina Bunge, have been substantially threatened and deteriorated in recent years. Little is known about the potential geographic dynamics of economically renowned species, including those used in sand fixation and traditional Chinese medicine, under climate change. Therefore, evaluating their potential habitat and determining the crucial environmental variables affecting E. sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina under the driving force of global warming are extremely important. In this study, an optimized MaxEnt model in the kuenm package on the basis of occurrence records (a total of 103, 101 and 97 points for E. sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina, respectively) and 37 environmental factors were utilized to simulate the distribution of the three species. Two representative concentration pathways (SSP2.6 and SSP8.5) at 2041-2060 and 2061-2080, respectively, were used to establish a future distribution model of the three species. The results indicated that approximately 6.92 × 105 km2, 2.95 × 105 km2, and 11.5 × 105 km2 of suitable regions for E. sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina were obtained, which were mostly distributed in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, eastern and southern Gansu, and northern Xinjiang, respectively. Critical environmental variables, such as land cover and annual precipitation, were regarded as critical parameters for the three species. Future assessment revealed that over 60 % of the potential distribution area was affected, and the stability of E. sinica under the SSP8.5 scenario was the greatest. The spatial dynamic changes in suitable areas for E. intermedia were smaller than those for E. equisetina and E. sinica in the future. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the fluctuations in the distributions of the three Ephedra species under climate change are small and provide useful information for future conservation. Therefore, target conservation and management measures should be implemented in combination with the suitability thresholds of different environmental parameters. Our results provide useful recommendations for the current and future protection of Ephedra populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Chengde Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Ping He
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fanyun Meng
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing, 100875, China
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188
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Mansfield KL, Schilling M, Sanders C, Holding M, Johnson N. Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Human and Animal Importance: Overwintering in Temperate Regions of Europe during an Era of Climate Change. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1307. [PMID: 39065076 PMCID: PMC11278640 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The past three decades have seen an increasing number of emerging arthropod-borne viruses in temperate regions This process is ongoing, driven by human activities such as inter-continental travel, combined with the parallel emergence of invasive arthropods and an underlying change in climate that can increase the risk of virus transmission and persistence. In addition, natural events such as bird migration can introduce viruses to new regions. Despite the apparent regularity of virus emergence, arthropod-borne viruses circulating in temperate regions face the challenge of the late autumn and winter months where the arthropod vector is inactive. Viruses therefore need mechanisms to overwinter or they will fail to establish in temperate zones. Prolonged survival of arthropod-borne viruses within the environment, outside of both vertebrate host and arthropod vector, is not thought to occur and therefore is unlikely to contribute to overwintering in temperate zones. One potential mechanism is continued infection of a vertebrate host. However, infection is generally acute, with the host either dying or producing an effective immune response that rapidly clears the virus. There are few exceptions to this, although prolonged infection associated with orbiviruses such as bluetongue virus occurs in certain mammals, and viraemic vertebrate hosts therefore can, in certain circumstances, provide a route for long-term viral persistence in the absence of active vectors. Alternatively, a virus can persist in the arthropod vector as a mechanism for overwintering. However, this is entirely dependent on the ecology of the vector itself and can be influenced by changes in the climate during the winter months. This review considers the mechanisms for virus overwintering in several key arthropod vectors in temperate areas. We also consider how this will be influenced in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Mansfield
- Vector Borne Diseases, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (K.L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mirjam Schilling
- Vector Borne Diseases, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (K.L.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Maya Holding
- Virology and Pathogenesis Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK;
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Vector Borne Diseases, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (K.L.M.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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189
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Fan W, Luo Y. Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Suitable Habitats and Ecological Niche for Trollius Wildflowers in Ili River Valley, Tacheng, Altay Prefecture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1752. [PMID: 38999591 PMCID: PMC11243624 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Xinjiang in China is distinguished by its distinctive regional landscape and high ecological sensitivity. Trollius wildflowers represent a unique and iconic element of the mountain flower landscape in Xinjiang. However, their populations are predominantly distributed in mountainous areas, making them susceptible to climate change. Despite this, the impacts of climate change on the distribution of suitable habitats and ecological niche differentiation for Trollius wildflowers have rarely been quantified. Consequently, simulations were conducted using the R-optimized MaxEnt model to predict the suitable habitat distribution of Trollius wildflowers. This was based on the occurrence data and environmental variables for the four species of Trollius (T. altaicus, T. asiaticus, T. dschungaricus, and T. lilacinus) that exist in the study area. The simulation was conducted over a period of time, beginning with the past glacial period and extending to the present, and then to the future (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) under multiple scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). The simulation of suitable habitats enabled the measurement of the ecological niche breadth and differentiation. The results demonstrate that the model predictions are precisely accurate, with AUC values exceeding 0.9. Annual mean temperature (Bio1), isothermality (Bio3), and precipitation in the warmest quarter (Bio18) are the dominant climate variables, in addition to vegetation, elevation, and soil factors. The proportion of suitable habitats for Trollius wildflowers varies considerably over time, from 0.14% to 70.97%. The majority of habitat loss or gain occurs at the edges of mountains, while stable habitats are concentrated in the core of the mountains. The gravity center of suitable habitats also shifts with spatial transfer, with the shifts mainly occurring in a northeasterly-southwesterly direction. The SSP1-2.6 scenario results in the sustained maintenance of habitats, whereas the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios present challenges to the conservation of habitats. The threshold of ecological niche breadth for Trollius wildflowers is subject to fluctuations, while the ecological niche differentiation also varies. The study aims to examine the evolution of the habitat and ecological niche of Trollius wildflowers in Xinjiang under climate change. The findings will provide theoretical support for delineating the conservation area, clarify the scope of mountain flower tourism development and protection of mountain flower resources, and promote the sustainable development of ecotourism and effective utilization of territorial space in Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Fan
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanyun Luo
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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190
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Li Y, Wang G, Geng Y, Li J, Feng Y. Variation in Seed Morphological Traits Affects the Dispersal Strategies of Chromolaena odorata Following Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1747. [PMID: 38999587 PMCID: PMC11244504 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination and dispersal have an important impact on the establishment and spread of invasive plants. Understanding the extent of intraspecific seed trait variations can enhance our understanding of how invasive plants respond to environmental change after introduction and help predict the dynamic of invasive species under future environmental conditions. However, less attention has been given to the variation in seed traits within species as opposed to among species. We compared seed production, seed morphological traits, dispersal ability, and seedling performance of Chromolaena odorata from 10 introduced populations in Asia and 12 native populations in America in a common garden. The results showed that range (introduced vs. native) and climate affected these traits. Compared with the native population, the introduced populations had higher seed numbers per capitula, lighter seeds, and higher potential dispersal ability seeds (lower terminal velocity) but lower germination rates and seedling lengths. Climatic clines in seed numbers per capitula and pappus length were observed; however, the clines in pappus length differed between the introduced and native populations. Trait covariation patterns were also different between both ranges. In the native populations, there was a trade-off between seed numbers per capitula and seed mass, while this relationship was not found for the introduced populations. These results indicate that C. odorata alters the ecological strategy of seed following invasion, which facilitates its establishment and fast dispersal and contributes to successful invasion in the introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Guofen Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yupeng Geng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ju Li
- Public Technology Service Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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191
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Santos RS, Alencar JBR, Gallo R. Modeling the current and projected distribution of Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) in the Americas. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e279769. [PMID: 38922189 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.279769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity is under substantial threat due to biological invasions, a problem exacerbated by climate change. Such invasions have detrimental effects on the environment, economy, and human health, resulting in significant financial burdens. Recently, understanding these challenges has become a highlighted priority within the scientific community. This study focuses on the evaluation of Schinus terebinthifolia, native to South America, and its invasive spread into North and Central America, which has resulted in wide distribution and considerable impact. The primary objectives of this study include analyzing the potential distribution of the species under current and future climate scenarios, identifying the areas where its climatic niche is changing. Data collection encompassed a vast dataset of over 30,000 occurrence records of this species, from the following databases: (1) The Global Biodiversity Information Facility provided 22,163 records (GBIF), (2) The virtual Herbarium Reflora contributed 1,438 records, and NeoTropTree made available 6,591 records. Following a rigorous filtering process, 992 occurrences were considered for modeling. In this process, we utilized climate data and climate projections, employing various algorithms, with an emphasis on the consensus model methodology. The research results reveal a clear trend of reduced habitat suitability for S. terebinthifolia, especially under scenarios of high global warming. This accentuates the urgency of implementing emission control measures and mitigation strategies. Additionally, the study underscores the crucial importance of continuous monitoring, as well as actions for controlling and restoring affected ecosystems. The significant role played by S. terebinthifolia in both its native and invaded areas highlights the need for comprehensive management approaches. In the face of climate change and biodiversity threats, this study provides insightful observations on the dynamics of biological invasions. Success in addressing these issues relies on close cooperation between the scientific community, policymakers, land managers, and local communities. This collaboration is essential for guiding and conducting conservation and biodiversity management efforts in an ever-evolving world.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Florestais, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - J B R Alencar
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Departamento de Biologia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - R Gallo
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Recife, PE, Brasil
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192
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Atsumi K, Nishida Y, Ushio M, Nishi H, Genroku T, Fujiki S. Boosting biodiversity monitoring using smartphone-driven, rapidly accumulating community-sourced data. eLife 2024; 13:RP93694. [PMID: 38899444 PMCID: PMC11189627 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive biodiversity data is crucial for ecosystem protection. The Biome mobile app, launched in Japan, efficiently gathers species observations from the public using species identification algorithms and gamification elements. The app has amassed >6 million observations since 2019. Nonetheless, community-sourced data may exhibit spatial and taxonomic biases. Species distribution models (SDMs) estimate species distribution while accommodating such bias. Here, we investigated the quality of Biome data and its impact on SDM performance. Species identification accuracy exceeds 95% for birds, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians, but seed plants, molluscs, and fishes scored below 90%. Our SDMs for 132 terrestrial plants and animals across Japan revealed that incorporating Biome data into traditional survey data improved accuracy. For endangered species, traditional survey data required >2000 records for accurate models (Boyce index ≥ 0.9), while blending the two data sources reduced this to around 300. The uniform coverage of urban-natural gradients by Biome data, compared to traditional data biased towards natural areas, may explain this improvement. Combining multiple data sources better estimates species distributions, aiding in protected area designation and ecosystem service assessment. Establishing a platform for accumulating community-sourced distribution data will contribute to conserving and monitoring natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masayuki Ushio
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong Kong
- Hakubi Center, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto UniversityShigaJapan
| | | | | | - Shogoro Fujiki
- Biome IncKyotoJapan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto UniversityShigaJapan
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193
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Villamarín F, Jardine TD, Bunn SE, Malvasio A, Piña CI, Jacobi CM, Araújo DD, de Brito ES, de Moraes Carvalho F, da Costa ID, Verdade LM, Lara N, de Camargo PB, Miorando PS, Portelinha TCG, Marques TS, Magnusson WE. Body size predicts ontogenetic nitrogen stable-isotope (δ 15N) variation, but has little relationship with trophic level in ectotherm vertebrate predators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14102. [PMID: 38890338 PMCID: PMC11189434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Large predators have disproportionate effects on their underlying food webs. Thus, appropriately assigning trophic positions has important conservation implications both for the predators themselves and for their prey. Large-bodied predators are often referred to as apex predators, implying that they are many trophic levels above primary producers. However, theoretical considerations predict both higher and lower trophic position with increasing body size. Nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) are increasingly replacing stomach contents or behavioral observations to assess trophic position and it is often assumed that ontogenetic dietary shifts result in higher trophic positions. Intraspecific studies based on δ15N values found a positive relationship between size and inferred trophic position. Here, we use datasets of predatory vertebrate ectotherms (crocodilians, turtles, lizards and fishes) to show that, although there are positive intraspecific relationships between size and δ15N values, relationships between stomach-content-based trophic level (TPdiet) and size are undetectable or negative. As there is usually no single value for 15N trophic discrimination factor (TDF) applicable to a predator species or its prey, estimates of trophic position based on δ15N in ectotherm vertebrates with large size ranges, may be inaccurate and biased. We urge a reconsideration of the sole use of δ15N values to assess trophic position and encourage the combined use of isotopes and stomach contents to assess diet and trophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villamarín
- Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador.
| | - Timothy D Jardine
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stuart E Bunn
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Adriana Malvasio
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia (LABECZ), Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ignacio Piña
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Transferencia Tecnológica a la Producción (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Provincia de Entre Ríos, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos), Diamante, Argentina
| | | | - Diogo Dutra Araújo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres (LEVERT), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor David da Costa
- Instituto do Noroeste Fluminense de Educação Superior, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Neliton Lara
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Costa Gonçalves Portelinha
- Laboratório de Caracterização de Impactos Ambientais (LCIA), Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Thiago Simon Marques
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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194
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Lord C, Haÿ V, Medjoubi K, Berland S, Keith P. Travelling in Microphis (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) Otoliths with Two-Dimensional X-ray Fluorescence Maps: Twists and Turns on the Road to Strontium Incorporation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:446. [PMID: 38927326 PMCID: PMC11201212 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Indo-Pacific tropical island streams are home to freshwater pipefish (Microphis spp., Syngnathidae). Otoliths were used to uncover life history traits in four species, including a New Caledonian endemic. All four species present the same methodological challenge: their otoliths are small, fragile and mute for growth marks using basic observation tools. Strontium (Sr) is calcium substituent in the mineral lattice, driven by salinity conditions, and thus useful to study diadromous migrations. Synchrotron-based scanning X-ray fluorescence 2D high-resolution mapping allowed us to tackle the global and hyperfine strontium (Sr) distribution. We developed analytical imaging processes to retrieve biological information from otoliths from the data generated via synchrotron analysis. We uncovered plasticity in the life cycle: all species were amphidromous, apart from some freshwater residents from New Caledonia. Understanding life cycle modalities is crucial to categorize species distribution limits and to implement adapted conservation measures, especially when endemic species are at stake. 2D fine-scale images outlined the heterogeneity of Sr distribution: in addition to the trivial Sr incorporation driven by environmental ionic conditions, there is an unusual mosaic arrangement of Sr distribution and we hypothesize that biological control, especially growth during the early life stages, may sometimes overrule stoichiometry. This shows that it is worth studying otolith formation and element integration at imbricated scales, and our methods and results provide a strong basis for future works and prospects in otolith science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lord
- UMR 8067, Biologie Des Organismes Et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université de Caen Normandie, Université Des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, CP26, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; (V.H.); (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Vincent Haÿ
- UMR 8067, Biologie Des Organismes Et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université de Caen Normandie, Université Des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, CP26, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; (V.H.); (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | | | - Sophie Berland
- UMR 8067, Biologie Des Organismes Et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université de Caen Normandie, Université Des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, CP26, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; (V.H.); (S.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Philippe Keith
- UMR 8067, Biologie Des Organismes Et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université de Caen Normandie, Université Des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, CP26, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; (V.H.); (S.B.); (P.K.)
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195
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Estien CO, Fidino M, Wilkinson CE, Morello-Frosch R, Schell CJ. Historical redlining is associated with disparities in wildlife biodiversity in four California cities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321441121. [PMID: 38861597 PMCID: PMC11194601 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321441121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Legacy effects describe the persistent, long-term impacts on an ecosystem following the removal of an abiotic or biotic feature. Redlining, a policy that codified racial segregation and disinvestment in minoritized neighborhoods, has produced legacy effects with profound impacts on urban ecosystem structure and health. These legacies have detrimentally impacted public health outcomes, socioeconomic stability, and environmental health. However, the collateral impacts of redlining on wildlife communities are uncertain. Here, we investigated whether faunal biodiversity was associated with redlining. We used home-owner loan corporation (HOLC) maps [grades A (i.e., "best" and "greenlined"), B, C, and D (i.e., "hazardous" and "redlined")] across four cities in California and contributory science data (iNaturalist) to estimate alpha and beta diversity across six clades (mammals, birds, insects, arachnids, reptiles, and amphibians) as a function of HOLC grade. We found that in greenlined neighborhoods, unique species were detected with less sampling effort, with redlined neighborhoods needing over 8,000 observations to detect the same number of unique species. Historically redlined neighborhoods had lower native and nonnative species richness compared to greenlined neighborhoods across each city, with disparities remaining at the clade level. Further, community composition (i.e., beta diversity) consistently differed among HOLC grades for all cities, including large differences in species assemblage observed between green and redlined neighborhoods. Our work spotlights the lasting effects of social injustices on the community ecology of cities, emphasizing that urban conservation and management efforts must incorporate an antiracist, justice-informed lens to improve biodiversity in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar O. Estien
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Mason Fidino
- Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL60614
| | - Christine E. Wilkinson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA94118
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Christopher J. Schell
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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196
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Angst G, Potapov A, Joly FX, Angst Š, Frouz J, Ganault P, Eisenhauer N. Conceptualizing soil fauna effects on labile and stabilized soil organic matter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5005. [PMID: 38886372 PMCID: PMC11183196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fauna is highly abundant and diverse in soils worldwide, but surprisingly little is known about how it affects soil organic matter stabilization. Here, we review how the ecological strategies of a multitude of soil faunal taxa can affect the formation and persistence of labile (particulate organic matter, POM) and stabilized soil organic matter (mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM). We propose three major mechanisms - transformation, translocation, and grazing on microorganisms - by which soil fauna alters factors deemed essential in the formation of POM and MAOM, including the quantity and decomposability of organic matter, soil mineralogy, and the abundance, location, and composition of the microbial community. Determining the relevance of these mechanisms to POM and MAOM formation in cross-disciplinary studies that cover individual taxa and more complex faunal communities, and employ physical fractionation, isotopic, and microbiological approaches is essential to advance concepts, models, and policies focused on soil organic matter and effectively manage soils as carbon sinks, nutrient stores, and providers of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anton Potapov
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Postfach 300 154, 02806, Görlitz, Germany
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Šárka Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Frouz
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Ganault
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratoire ECODIV USC INRAE 1499, Université de Rouen Normandie, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Rouen, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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197
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Zhang X, Su R, Qin Y, Shen Y, Jia L, Zhang W. Benefits and costs: Understanding the influence of heavy metal pollution on environmental adaptability in Strauchbufo raddei tadpoles through an energy budget perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124388. [PMID: 38897281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of environmental pollution on organismal energy budgets is crucial for predicting adaptive responses and potential maladaptation to stressors. However, the regulatory mechanism governing the trade-off between energy intake and consumption remains largely unknown, particularly considering the diverse adaptations influenced by exposure history in realistic field conditions. In the present study, we conducted a simulated field reciprocal transplant experiment to compare the energy budget strategies of Strauchbufo raddei tadpoles exposed to heavy metal. The simulated heavy metal concentrations (0.29 mg/L Cu, 1.17 mg/L Zn, 0.47 mg/L Pb, 0.16 mg/L Cd) mirrored the actual environmental exposure concentrations observed in the field habitat. This allowed for a comparison between tadpoles with parental chronic exposure to heavy metal pollutants in their habitat and those without such exposure. Results revealed that under heavy metal exposure, tadpoles originating from unpolluted areas exhibited heightened vulnerability, characterized by reduced food intake, diminished nutrient absorption, increased metabolism cost, reduced energy reserves, and increased mortality rates. In contrast, tadpoles originating from areas with long-term heavy metal pollution demonstrated adaptive strategies, manifested through adjustments in liver and small intestine phenotypes, optimizing energy allocation, and reducing energy consumption to preserve energy, thus sustaining survival. However, tadpoles from polluted areas exhibited certain maladaptive such as growth inhibition, metabolic suppression, and immune compromise due to heavy metal exposure. In conclusion, while conserving energy consumption has proven to be an effective way to deal with long-term heavy metal stress, it poses a threat to individual survival and population development in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Rui Su
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Lun Jia
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China.
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198
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Zhang K, Nakaoka S. An energy landscape approach reveals the potential key bacteria contributing to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302151. [PMID: 38885178 PMCID: PMC11182530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of microbiota has been reported to be associated with numerous human pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With advancements in high-throughput sequencing, various methods have been developed to study the alteration of microbiota in the development and progression of diseases. However, a suitable approach to assess the global stability of the microbiota in disease states through time-series microbiome data is yet to be established. In this study, we have introduced a novel Energy Landscape construction method, which incorporates the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model and the pairwise Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model for their complementary advantages, and demonstrate its utility by applying it to an IBD time-series dataset. Through this approach, we obtained the microbial assemblages' energy profile of the whole microbiota under the IBD condition and uncovered the hidden stable stages of microbiota structure during the disease development with time-series microbiome data. The Bacteroides-dominated assemblages presenting in multiple stable states suggest the potential contribution of Bacteroides and interactions with other microbial genera, like Alistipes, and Faecalibacterium, to the development of IBD. Our proposed method provides a novel and insightful tool for understanding the alteration and stability of the microbiota under disease states and offers a more holistic view of the complex dynamics at play in microbiota-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Zhang
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakaoka
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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199
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Liu M, Jiang P, Chase JM, Liu X. Global insect herbivory and its response to climate change. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2558-2569.e3. [PMID: 38776900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects consume a large proportion of the energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems and play a major role in the dynamics of plant populations and communities. However, high-resolution, quantitative predictions of the global patterns of insect herbivory and their potential underlying drivers remain elusive. Here, we compiled and analyzed a dataset consisting of 9,682 records of the severity of insect herbivory from across natural communities worldwide to quantify its global patterns and environmental determinants. Global mapping revealed strong spatial variation in insect herbivory at the global scale, showing that insect herbivory did not significantly vary with latitude for herbaceous plants but increased with latitude for woody plants. We found that the cation-exchange capacity in soil was a main predictor of levels of herbivory on herbaceous plants, while climate largely determined herbivory on woody plants. We next used well-established scenarios for future climate change to forecast how spatial patterns of insect herbivory may be expected to change with climate change across the world. We project that herbivore pressure will intensify on herbaceous plants worldwide but would likely only increase in certain biomes (e.g., northern coniferous forests) for woody plants. Our assessment provides quantitative evidence of how environmental conditions shape the spatial pattern of insect herbivory, which enables a more accurate prediction of the vulnerabilities of plant communities and ecosystem functions in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peixi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China.
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200
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Fernandes KE, Frost EA, Kratz M, Carter DA. Pollen products collected from honey bee hives experiencing minor stress have altered fungal communities and reduced antimicrobial properties. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae091. [PMID: 38886123 PMCID: PMC11210501 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi are increasingly recognized to play diverse roles within honey bee hives, acting as pathogens, mutualists, and commensals. Pollen products, essential for hive nutrition, host significant fungal communities with potential protective and nutritional benefits. In this study, we profile the fungal communities and antifungal properties of three pollen products from healthy and stressed hives: fresh pollen collected by forager bees from local plants; stored pollen packed into the comb inside the hive; and bee bread, which is stored pollen following anaerobic fermentation used for bee and larval nutrition. Using amplicon sequencing, we found significant differences in fungal community composition, with hive health and sample type accounting for 8.8% and 19.3% of variation in beta diversity, respectively. Pollen and bee bread extracts had species-specific antimicrobial activity and inhibited the fungal hive pathogens Ascosphaera apis, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, and the bacterial hive pathogen Paenibacillus larvae. Activity was positively correlated with phenolic and antioxidant content and was diminished in stressed hives. The plant source of pollen determined by amplicon sequencing differed in stressed hives, suggesting altered foraging behaviour. These findings illustrate the complex interplay between honey bees, fungal communities, and hive products, which should be considered in hive management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya E Fernandes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Frost
- ABGU, A Joint Venture of NSW Department of Primary Industries and University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Paterson, NSW 2421, Australia
| | - Madlen Kratz
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Paterson, NSW 2421, Australia
| | - Dee A Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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