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Xi W, Feng J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhao G. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor PaMYB10 is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in apricots and determines red blushed skin. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:287. [PMID: 31262258 PMCID: PMC6604168 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars display orange or yellow background skin, whereas some cultivars are particularly preferred by consumers because of their red blushed skin on the background. RESULTS In this study, two blushed ('Jianali' and 'Hongyu') and two nonblushed ('Baixing' and 'Luntaixiaobaixing') cultivars were used to investigate the formation mechanism of blushed skin in apricots. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the blushed cultivars accumulated higher cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and peonidin-3-O-rutinoside levels during fruit ripening than the nonblushed cultivars. Based on coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), a putative anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB, PaMYB10, and seven structural genes were identified from transcriptome data. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that PaMYB10 clustered in the anthocyanin-related MYB clade. Sequence alignments revealed that PaMYB10 contained a bHLH-interaction motif ([DE]Lx2[RK]x3Lx6Lx3R) and an ANDV motif. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PaMYB10 was a nuclear protein. Real-time qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcript levels of PaMYB10 and seven genes responsible for anthocyanin synthesis were significantly higher in blushed than in nonblushed apricots, which was consistent with the accumulation of anthocyanin. In addition, bagging significantly inhibited the transcript levels of PaMYB10 and the structural genes in 'Jianali' and blocked the red coloration and anthocyanin accumulation. Transient PaMYB10 overexpression in 'Luntaixiaobaixing' fruits resulted in the red blushed skin at the maturation stage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data reveal that three anthocyanins are responsible for the blushed skin of apricots, identify PaMYB10 as a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apricots, and demonstrate that blush formation depends on light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Xi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jing Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Shikui Zhang
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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202
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Zuo J, Wang Y, Zhu B, Luo Y, Wang Q, Gao L. Network analysis of noncoding RNAs in pepper provides insights into fruit ripening control. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8734. [PMID: 31217463 PMCID: PMC6584694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper is an important vegetable worldwide and is a model plant for nonclimacteric fleshy fruit ripening. Drastic visual changes and internal biochemical alterations are involved in fruit coloration, flavor, texture, aroma, and palatability to animals during the pepper fruit ripening process. To explore the regulation of bell pepper fruit ripening by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), we examined their expression profiles; 43 microRNAs (miRNAs), 125 circular RNAs (circRNAs), 366 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 3266 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were differentially expressed (DE) in mature green and red ripe fruit. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the targets of the DE ncRNAs and DE mRNAs included several kinds of transcription factors (TFs) (ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, NAC, bZIP, and ARF), enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-amylase, chitinase, pectate lyase (PL), pectinesterase (PE) and polygalacturonase (PG)), enzymes involved in fruit color accumulation (bifunctional 15-cis-phytoene synthase, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, beta-carotene hydroxylase and carotene epsilon-monooxygenase), enzymes associated with fruit flavor and aroma (glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase, anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase, and eugenol synthase 1) and enzymes involved in the production of ethylene (ET) (ACO1/ACO4) as well as other plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA). Based on accumulation profiles, a network of ncRNAs and mRNAs associated with bell pepper fruit ripening was developed that provides a foundation for further developing a more refined understanding of the molecular biology of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. .,Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University Campus, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Postharvest Molecular Biology of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Postharvest Molecular Biology of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Lipu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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203
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Siddiqui MW, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Inside and Beyond Color: Comparative Overview of Functional Quality of Tomato and Watermelon Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 31263475 PMCID: PMC6585571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The quali-quantitative evaluation and the improvement of the levels of plant bioactive secondary metabolites are increasingly gaining consideration by growers, breeders and processors, particularly in those fruits and vegetables that, due to their supposed health promoting properties, are considered "functional." Worldwide, tomato and watermelon are among the main grown and consumed crops and represent important sources not only of dietary lycopene but also of other health beneficial bioactives. Tomato and watermelon synthesize and store lycopene as their major ripe fruit carotenoid responsible of their typical red color at full maturity. It is also the precursor of some characteristic aroma volatiles in both fruits playing, thus, an important visual and olfactory impact in consumer choice. While sharing the same main pigment, tomato and watermelon fruits show substantial biochemical and physiological differences during ripening. Tomato is climacteric while watermelon is non-climacteric; unripe tomato fruit is green, mainly contributed by chlorophylls and xanthophylls, while young watermelon fruit mesocarp is white and contains only traces of carotenoids. Various studies comparatively evaluated in vivo pigment development in ripening tomato and watermelon fruits. However, in most cases, other classes of compounds have not been considered. We believe this knowledge is fundamental for targeted breeding aimed at improving the functional quality of elite cultivars. Hence, in this paper, we critically review the recent understanding underlying the biosynthesis, accumulation and regulation of different bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolics, aroma volatiles, and vitamin C) during tomato and watermelon fruit ripening. We also highlight some concerns about possible harmful effects of excessive uptake of bioactive compound on human health. We found that a complex interweaving of anabolic, catabolic and recycling reactions, finely regulated at multiple levels and with temporal and spatial precision, ensures a certain homeostasis in the concentrations of carotenoids, phenolics, aroma volatiles and Vitamin C within the fruit tissues. Nevertheless, several exogenous factors including light and temperature conditions, pathogen attack, as well as pre- and post-harvest manipulations can drive their amounts far away from homeostasis. These adaptive responses allow crops to better cope with abiotic and biotic stresses but may severely affect the supposed functional quality of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
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204
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Goldenberg L, Zohar M, Kirshinbaum L, Yaniv Y, Doron-Faigenboim A, Porat R, Carmi N, Isaacson T. Biochemical and Molecular Factors Governing Peel-Color Development in 'Ora' and 'Shani' Mandarins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4800-4807. [PMID: 30973717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To identify factors governing peel-color development in mandarins, we examined carotenoid content and composition and the expression of carotenoid-related genes during four stages of ripening (i.e., green, breaker, yellow, and orange) in two varieties: 'Ora', which has orange fruit, and 'Shani', which has orange-reddish fruit. The two varieties had different carotenoid compositions, and 'Shani' had a significantly higher level of total carotenoid pigments. 'Shani' was rich in the deep orange β-cryptoxanthin and the orange-reddish β-citraurin, whereas 'Ora' was rich in the orange violaxanthin. RNA-Seq analysis revealed significantly greater expression of the carotenoid-biosynthesis genes PSY, βLCY, βCHX, and CCD4b, as well as MEP-pathway genes and several ethylene-biosynthesis and -signaling genes in 'Shani' fruit. In contrast, the expression levels of genes involved in the synthesis of α-branch carotenoids (i.e., εLCY and εCHX) and ZEP, which is involved in the formation of violaxanthin, were significantly higher in the 'Ora' fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce , ARO, The Volcani Center , P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101 , Israel
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences , Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Matat Zohar
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center , ARO , Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
| | - Lina Kirshinbaum
- Biology and DNA Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science , Israel Police , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Yossi Yaniv
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops , ARO, The Volcani Center , P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101 , Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics , ARO, the Volcani Center , P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101 , Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce , ARO, The Volcani Center , P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101 , Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops , ARO, The Volcani Center , P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101 , Israel
| | - Tal Isaacson
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center , ARO , Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
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205
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Ahrazem O, Argandoña J, Fiore A, Rujas A, Rubio-Moraga Á, Castillo R, Gómez-Gómez L. Multi-species transcriptome analyses for the regulation of crocins biosynthesis in Crocus. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:320. [PMID: 31029081 PMCID: PMC6486981 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crocins are soluble apocarotenoids that mainly accumulate in the stigma tissue of Crocus sativus and provide the characteristic red color to saffron spice, in addition to being responsible for many of the medicinal properties of saffron. Crocin biosynthesis and accumulation in saffron is developmentally controlled, and the concentration of crocins increases as the stigma develops. Until now, little has been known about the molecular mechanisms governing crocin biosynthesis and accumulation. This study aimed to identify the first set of gene regulatory processes implicated in apocarotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation. RESULTS A large-scale crocin-mediated RNA-seq analysis was performed on saffron and two other Crocus species at two early developmental stages coincident with the initiation of crocin biosynthesis and accumulation. Pairwise comparison of unigene abundance among the samples identified potential regulatory transcription factors (TFs) involved in crocin biosynthesis and accumulation. We found a total of 131 (up- and downregulated) TFs representing a broad range of TF families in the analyzed transcriptomes; by comparison with the transcriptomes from the same developmental stages from other Crocus species, a total of 11 TF were selected as candidate regulators controlling crocin biosynthesis and accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study generated gene expression profiles of stigmas at two key developmental stages for apocarotenoid accumulation in three different Crocus species. Differential gene expression analyses allowed the identification of transcription factors that provide evidence of environmental and developmental control of the apocarotenoid biosynthetic pathway at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier Argandoña
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alessia Fiore
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Rujas
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo
- VITAB Laboratorios. Polígono Industrial Garysol C/ Pino, parcela 53, 02110 La Gineta, Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
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206
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Han F, Cui H, Zhang B, Liu X, Yang L, Zhuang M, Lv H, Li Z, Wang Y, Fang Z, Song J, Zhang Y. Map-based cloning and characterization of BoCCD4, a gene responsible for white/yellow petal color in B. oleracea. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:242. [PMID: 30909886 PMCID: PMC6434876 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brassica oleracea exhibits extensive phenotypic diversity. As an important trait, petal color varies among different B. oleracea cultivars, enabling the study of the genetic basis of this trait. In a previous study, the gene responsible for petal color in B. oleracea was mapped to a 503-kb region on chromosome 3, but the candidate gene has not yet been identified. Results In the present study, we report that the candidate gene was further delineated to a 207-kb fragment. BoCCD4, a homolog of the Arabidopsis carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) gene, was selected for evaluation as the candidate gene. Sequence analysis of the YL-1 inbred line revealed three insertions/deletions and 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of BoCCD4. Functional complementation showed that BoCCD4 from the white-petal inbred line 11–192 can rescue the yellow-petal trait of YL-1. Expression analysis revealed that BoCCD4 is exclusively expressed in petal tissue of white-petal plants, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that CCD4 homologs may share evolutionarily conserved roles in carotenoid metabolism. These findings demonstrate that BoCCD4 is responsible for white/yellow petal color variation in B. oleracea. Conclusions This study demonstrated that function loss of BoCCD4, a homolog of Arabidopsis CCD4, is responsible for yellow petal color in B. oleracea. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5596-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Han
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huilin Cui
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianghua Song
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, #12 Zhong Guan Cun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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207
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Biazotto KR, de Souza Mesquita LM, Neves BV, Braga ARC, Tangerina MMP, Vilegas W, Mercadante AZ, De Rosso VV. Brazilian Biodiversity Fruits: Discovering Bioactive Compounds from Underexplored Sources. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1860-1876. [PMID: 30707576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large segments of the Brazilian population still suffer from malnutrition and diet-related illnesses. In contrast, many native fruits have biodiversity and are underexploited sources of bioactive compounds and unknown to consumers. The phytochemical composition of nine underexplored Brazilian fruits was determined. Carotenoids and anthocyanins were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), and phenolic compounds and iridoids were identified by flow injection analysis-electrospray-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS); in total, 84 compounds were identified. In addition, the chemical structure and pathway mass fragmentation of new iridoids from jenipapo ( Genipa americana) and jatoba ( Hymenae coubaril) are proposed. The highest level of carotenoids was registered in pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense; 10156.21 μg/100 g edible fraction), while the major total phenolic content was found in cambuci ( Campomanesia coubaril; 221.70 mg GAE/100 g). Anthocyanins were quantified in jabuticaba ( Plinia cauliflora; 45.5 mg/100 g) and pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora; 81.0 mg/100 g). Our study illustrates the chemical biodiversity of underexplored fruits from Brazil, supporting the identification of new compounds and encouraging the study of more food matrixes not yet investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Regina Biazotto
- Department of Biosciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Rua Silva Jardim 136 , Santos , São Paulo CEP 11015-020 , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mendes de Souza Mesquita
- Department of Biosciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Rua Silva Jardim 136 , Santos , São Paulo CEP 11015-020 , Brazil
| | - Bruna Vitória Neves
- Department of Biosciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Rua Silva Jardim 136 , Santos , São Paulo CEP 11015-020 , Brazil
| | - Anna Rafaela Cavalcante Braga
- Department of Biosciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Rua Silva Jardim 136 , Santos , São Paulo CEP 11015-020 , Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Vilegas
- Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products (LBPN) , UNESP - São Paulo State University/Coastal Campus of São Vicente , São Vicente , São Paulo 11015-020 , Brazil
| | - Adriana Zerlotti Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering , University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , São Paulo CEP 13083-862 , Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vera De Rosso
- Department of Biosciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Rua Silva Jardim 136 , Santos , São Paulo CEP 11015-020 , Brazil
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208
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Zheng X, Tang Y, Ye J, Pan Z, Tan M, Xie Z, Chai L, Xu Q, Fraser PD, Deng X. SLAF-Based Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Its Application in QTL Mapping of Carotenoids Content in Citrus Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:994-1002. [PMID: 30589260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important antioxidant components in the human diet. To develop carotenoid-rich agricultural products by genetic intervention, understanding the genetic basis of carotenoids variation is essential. In this study, we constructed a high-density integrated genetic map with 3817 molecular markers using specific locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing from a C. reticulata × P. trifoliata F1 pseudotestcross population. A total of 17 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) distributed on Chromosomes (Chr) 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9 were detected to determine the carotenoid variation in the population. In particular, three QTL colocalizations for multiple carotenoid constituents were observed on Chr 2, 3, and 9, one of which was located on Chr2:34,654,608-35430715 accounted for 20.1-25.4% of the variation of luteoxanthin, auroxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, and total carotenoid content. Overall, this study provides a genetic foundation for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding of nutritionally enhanced citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Meilian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway , University of London , Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX , United Kingdom
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
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209
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Yazdani M, Sun Z, Yuan H, Zeng S, Thannhauser TW, Vrebalov J, Ma Q, Xu Y, Fei Z, Van Eck J, Tian S, Tadmor Y, Giovannoni JJ, Li L. Ectopic expression of ORANGE promotes carotenoid accumulation and fruit development in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:33-49. [PMID: 29729208 PMCID: PMC6330546 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are critically important to plants and humans. The ORANGE (OR) gene is a key regulator for carotenoid accumulation, but its physiological roles in crops remain elusive. In this study, we generated transgenic tomato ectopically overexpressing the Arabidopsis wild-type OR (AtORWT ) and a 'golden SNP'-containing OR (AtORHis ). We found that AtORHis initiated chromoplast formation in very young fruit and stimulated carotenoid accumulation at all fruit developmental stages, uncoupled from other ripening activities. The elevated levels of carotenoids in the AtOR lines were distributed in the same subplastidial fractions as in wild-type tomato, indicating an adaptive response of plastids to sequester the increased carotenoids. Microscopic analysis revealed that the plastid sizes were increased in both AtORWT and AtORHis lines at early fruit developmental stages. Moreover, AtOR overexpression promoted early flowering, fruit set and seed production. Ethylene production and the expression of ripening-associated genes were also significantly increased in the AtOR transgenic fruit at ripening stages. RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling highlighted the primary effects of OR overexpression on the genes in the processes related to RNA, protein and signalling in tomato fruit. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of OR in mediating carotenoid accumulation in plants and suggest additional roles of OR in affecting plastid size as well as flower and fruit development, thus making OR a target gene not only for nutritional biofortification of agricultural products but also for alteration of horticultural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yazdani
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- College of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural BioengineeringShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguShanxiChina
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | | | | | - Qiyue Ma
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Yimin Xu
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science InstituteIsraeli Agricultural Research OrganizationNewe Yaar Research CenterRamat YishaiIsrael
| | - James J. Giovannoni
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Boyce Thompson InstituteCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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210
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Lu P, Wang S, Grierson D, Xu C. Transcriptomic changes triggered by carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors and role of Citrus sinensis phosphate transporter 4;2 (CsPHT4;2) in enhancing carotenoid accumulation. PLANTA 2019; 249:257-270. [PMID: 30083809 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development in orange were perturbed by carotenoid inhibitors, and candidate genes were identified via transcriptomic analysis. The role of CsPHT4;2 in enhancing carotenoid accumulation was revealed. Carotenoids are important plant pigments and their accumulation can be affected by biosynthesis inhibitors, but the genes involved were largely unknown. Here, application of norflurazon (NFZ), 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA) and clomazone for 30 days to in vitro cultured sweet orange juice vesicles caused over-accumulation of phytoene (over 1000-fold), lycopene (2.92 μg g-1 FW, none in control), and deficiency in total carotenoids (reduced to 22%), respectively. Increased carotenoids were associated with bigger chromoplasts with enlarged plastoglobules or a differently crystalline structure in NFZ, and CPTA-treated juice vesicles, respectively. Global transcriptomic changes following inhibitor treatments were profiled. Induced expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase 1 by CPTA, hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate reductase by both NFZ and CPTA, and reduced expression of chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase by CPTA, as well as several downstream genes by at least one of the three inhibitors were observed. Expression of fibrillin 11 (CsFBN11) was induced following both NFZ and CPTA treatments. Using weighted correlation network analysis, a plastid-type phosphate transporter 4;2 (CsPHT4;2) was identified as closely correlated with high-lycopene accumulation induced by CPTA. Transient over-expression of CsPHT4;2 significantly enhanced carotenoid accumulation over tenfold in 'Cara Cara' sweet orange juice vesicle-derived callus. The study provides a valuable overview of the underlying mechanisms for altered carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development following carotenoid inhibitor treatments and sheds light on the relationship between carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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211
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Ampomah‐Dwamena C, Thrimawithana AH, Dejnoprat S, Lewis D, Espley RV, Allan AC. A kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) R2R3-MYB transcription factor modulates chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:309-325. [PMID: 30067292 PMCID: PMC6585760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) regulate diverse plant developmental processes and understanding their roles in controlling pigment accumulation in fruit is important for developing new cultivars. In this study, we characterised kiwifruit TFMYB7, which was found to activate the promoter of the kiwifruit lycopene beta-cyclase (AdLCY-β) gene that plays a key role in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. To determine the role of MYB7, we analysed gene expression and metabolite profiles in Actinidia fruit which show different pigment profiles. The impact of MYB7 on metabolic biosynthetic pathways was then evaluated by overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by metabolite and gene expression analysis of the transformants. MYB7 was expressed in fruit that accumulated carotenoid and Chl pigments with high transcript levels associated with both pigments. Constitutive over-expression of MYB7, through transient or stable transformation of N. benthamiana, altered Chl and carotenoid pigment levels. MYB7 overexpression was associated with transcriptional activation of certain key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, Chl biosynthesis, and other processes such as chloroplast and thylakoid membrane organization. Our results suggest that MYB7 plays a role in modulating carotenoid and Chl pigment accumulation in tissues through transcriptional activation of metabolic pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ampomah‐Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Amali H. Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Supinya Dejnoprat
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - David Lewis
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 11600Palmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand
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212
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Feder A, Chayut N, Gur A, Freiman Z, Tzuri G, Meir A, Saar U, Ohali S, Baumkoler F, Gal-On A, Shnaider Y, Wolf D, Katzir N, Schaffer A, Burger J, Li L, Tadmor Y. The Role of Carotenogenic Metabolic Flux in Carotenoid Accumulation and Chromoplast Differentiation: Lessons From the Melon Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1250. [PMID: 31736986 PMCID: PMC6833967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids have various roles in plant physiology. Plant carotenoids are synthesized in plastids and are highly abundant in the chromoplasts of ripening fleshy fruits. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to elucidating mechanisms that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis, yet, little is known about the mechanism that triggers storage capacity, mainly through chromoplast differentiation. The Orange gene (OR) product stabilizes phytoene synthase protein (PSY) and triggers chromoplast differentiation. OR underlies carotenoid accumulation in orange cauliflower and melon. The OR's 'golden SNP', found in melon, alters the highly evolutionary conserved Arginine108 to Histidine and controls β-carotene accumulation in melon fruit, in a mechanism yet to be elucidated. We have recently shown that similar carotenogenic metabolic flux is active in non-orange and orange melon fruit. This flux probably leads to carotenoid turnover but known carotenoid turnover products are not detected in non-orange fruit. Arrest of this metabolic flux, using chemical inhibitors or mutations, induces carotenoid accumulation and biogenesis of chromoplasts, regardless of the allelic state of OR. We suggest that the 'golden SNP' induces β-carotene accumulation probably by negatively affecting the capacity to synthesize downstream compounds. The accumulation of carotenoids induces chromoplast biogenesis through a metabolite-induced mechanism. Carotenogenic turnover flux can occur in non-photosynthetic tissues, which do not accumulate carotenoids. Arrest of this flux by the 'golden SNP' or other flux-arrest mutations is a potential tool for the biofortification of agricultural products with carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Feder
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Noam Chayut
- Germplasm Resource Unit, John Innes Center, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Gur
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Zohar Freiman
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Galil Tzuri
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Ayala Meir
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Uzi Saar
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Shachar Ohali
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Fabian Baumkoler
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Amit Gal-On
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yula Shnaider
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nurit Katzir
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Ari Schaffer
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Joseph Burger
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- *Correspondence: Yaakov Tadmor,
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213
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Osorio CE. The Role of Orange Gene in Carotenoid Accumulation: Manipulating Chromoplasts Toward a Colored Future. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1235. [PMID: 31636649 PMCID: PMC6788462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments synthesized in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria and fungus. Their role is essential in light capture, photoprotection, pollinator attraction, and phytohormone production. Furthermore, they can regulate plant development when they are processed as small signaling molecules. Due to their importance for human health, as promoters of the immune system and antioxidant activity, carotenoids have been used in the pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical industries. Regulation of carotenoid synthesis and accumulation has been extensively studied. Excellent work has been done unraveling the mode of action of phytoene synthase (PSY), a rate-limiting enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, in model species and staple crops. Lately, interest has been turned to Orange protein and its interaction with PSY during carotenoid biosynthesis. Discovered as a dominant mutation in Brassica oleracea, Orange protein regulates carotenoid accumulation by posttranscriptionally regulating PSY, promoting the formation of carotenoid-sequestering structures, and also preventing carotenoid degradation. Furthermore, Orange protein contributes to homeostasis regulation, improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In this mini review, the focus is made on recent evidence that elucidates Orange protein mode of action and expression in different plant species. Additionally, strategies are proposed to modify Orange gene by utilization of genome editing techniques. A better understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation will lead to a positive impact on the development of healthy food for a growing population.
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214
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Ahrazem O, Diretto G, Argandoña Picazo J, Fiore A, Rubio-Moraga Á, Rial C, Varela RM, Macías FA, Castillo R, Romano E, Gómez-Gómez L. The Specialized Roles in Carotenogenesis and Apocarotenogenesis of the Phytoene Synthase Gene Family in Saffron. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30886624 PMCID: PMC6409354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crocus sativus stigmas are the main source of crocins, which are glucosylated apocarotenoids derived from zeaxanthin cleavage that give saffron its red color. Phytoene synthase (PSY) mediates the first committed step in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Four PSY genes encoding functional enzymes were isolated from saffron. All the proteins were localized in plastids, but the expression patterns of each gene, CsPSY1a, CsPSY1b, CsPSY2, and CsPSY3, in different saffron tissues and during the development of the stigma showed different tissue specialization. The CsPSY2 transcript was primarily detected in the stigmas where it activates and stimulates the accumulation of crocins, while its expression was very low in other tissues. In contrast, CsPSY1a and CsPSY1b were mainly expressed in the leaves, but only CsPSY1b showed stress-light regulation. Interestingly, CsPSY1b showed differential expression of two alternative splice variants, which differ in the intron retention at their 5' UTRs, resulting in a reduction in their expression levels. In addition, the CsPSY1a and CsPSY1b transcripts, together with the CsPSY3 transcript, were induced in roots under different stress conditions. The CsPSY3 expression was high in the root tip, and its expression was associated with mycorrhizal colonization and strigolactone production. CsPSY3 formed a separate branch to the stress-specific Poaceae homologs but was closely related to the dicot PSY3 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Argandoña Picazo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alessia Fiore
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco A. Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Elena Romano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lourdes Gómez-Gómez,
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215
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Zhou D, Shen Y, Zhou P, Fatima M, Lin J, Yue J, Zhang X, Chen LY, Ming R. Papaya CpbHLH1/2 regulate carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes during papaya fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:80. [PMID: 31263564 PMCID: PMC6588581 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ripening of papaya is a physiological and metabolic process associated with accumulation of carotenoids, alternation of flesh color and flavor, which depending on genotype and external factors such as light and hormone. Transcription factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis have not been analyzed during papaya fruit ripening. RNA-Seq experiments were implemented using different ripening stages of papaya fruit from two papaya varieties. Cis-elements in lycopene β-cyclase genes (CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B) were identified, and followed by genome-wide analysis to identify transcription factors binding to these cis-elements, resulting in the identification of CpbHLH1 and CpbHLH2, two bHLH genes. The expressions of CpbHLH1/2 were changed during fruit development, coupled with transcript increase of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes including CpCYC-B, CpLCY-B, CpPDS2, CpZDS, CpLCY-E, and CpCHY-B. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and transient expression assay revealed that CpbHLH1/2 could bind to the promoters of CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B, and regulate their transcriptions. In response to strong light, the results of elevated expression of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes and the changed expression of CpbHLH1/2 indicated that CpbHLH1/2 were involved in light-mediated mechanisms of regulating critical genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrated several TF family members participating in the regulation of carotenoid genes and proved that CpbHLH1 and CpbHLH2 individually regulated the transcription of lycopene β-cyclase genes (CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B). This study yielded novel findings on regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis during papaya fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Mahpara Fatima
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jishan Lin
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jingjing Yue
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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216
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Welsch R, Zhou X, Koschmieder J, Schlossarek T, Yuan H, Sun T, Li L. Characterization of Cauliflower OR Mutant Variants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1716. [PMID: 32038686 PMCID: PMC6985574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cauliflower Orange (Or) mutant is characterized by high level of β-carotene in its curd. Or mutation affects the OR protein that was shown to be involved in the posttranslational control of phytoene synthase (PSY), a major rate-limiting enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, and in maintaining PSY proteostasis with the plastid Clp protease system. A transposon integration into the cauliflower wild-type Or gene (BoOR-wt) results in the formation of three differently spliced transcripts. One of them is characterized by insertion (BoOR-Ins), while the other two have exon-skipping deletions (BoOR-Del and BoOR-LD). We investigated the properties of individual BoOR variants and examined their effects on carotenoid accumulation. Using the yeast split-ubiquitin system, we showed that all variants were able to form OR dimers except BoOR-LD. The deletion in BoOR-LD eliminated the first of two adjacent transmembrane domains and was predicted to result in a misplacement of the C-terminal zinc finger domain to the opposite side of membrane, thus preventing OR dimerization. As interaction with PSY is mediated by the N-terminus of BoOR, which remains unaffected after splicing, all BoOR variants including BoOR-LD maintained interactions with PSY. Expression of individual BoOR mutant variants in Arabidopsis revealed that their protein stability varied greatly. While expression of BoOR-Del and BoOR-Ins resulted in increased BoOR protein levels as BoOR-wt, minimal amounts of BoOR-LD protein accumulated. Carotenoid accumulation showed correlated changes in calli of Arabidopsis expressing these variants. Furthermore, we found that OR also functions in E. coli to increase the proportion of native, enzymatically active PSY from plants upon co-expression, but not of bacterial phytoene synthase CrtB. Taken together, these results suggest that OR dimerization is required for OR stability in planta and that the simultaneous presence of PSY interaction-domains in both OR and PSY proteins is required for the holdase function of OR. The more pronounced effect of simultaneous expression of all BoOR variants in cauliflower Or mutant compared with individual overexpression on carotenoid accumulation suggests an enhanced activity with possible formation of various BoOR heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Welsch, ; Li Li,
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Tim Schlossarek
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ralf Welsch, ; Li Li,
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217
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The study of transcriptome sequencing for flower coloration in different anthesis stages of alpine ornamental herb (Meconopsis 'Lingholm'). Gene 2018; 689:220-226. [PMID: 30572099 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) is an interesting alpine herb, mainly distributed in the mountainous area of southwest China and high altitude zone in Tibetan-Himalaya. Different Meconopsis species showed a flower color alteration in different anthesis stages, Meconopsis 'Lingholm' is one of the localized species whose petal color changes from purple to blue during the flowering process. In general, the blue color flower is a rare kind, and usually hard to cultivate artificially. The molecular mechanism of flower color formation and color alteration of alpine flowers were reported by many research workers. To find critical genes that regulate Meconopsis 'Lingholm' color alteration and the mechanism of environmental adaptation, the current study performed transcriptome sequencing by using Meconopsis 'Lingholm' petals from different anthesis stages. There were totally 91,615 unigenes obtained from 31.4 Gb sequencing data, and differentially expressed genes between two consecutive flowering stages were obtained. Bioinformatics studies showed genes regulating petal color alteration were activated. Moreover, the functional analysis showed that Meconopsis 'Lingholm' showed a stress response to mechanical damage, non-biological stimulation and water deficiency in the bud stage, as well as showed a stress response to the cold from cracking stage to blooming stage. Furthermore, RNA-Seq results were verified using nine randomly selected genes by qPCR, which showed same expression trend with sequencing results. During this study, 20 candidate genes identified for further studies, which included five petal color related genes and 15 environmental response genes.
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Transcriptome Sequencing and Biochemical Analysis of Perianths and Coronas Reveal Flower Color Formation in Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124006. [PMID: 30545084 PMCID: PMC6320829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcissus pseudonarcissus is an important bulbous plant with white or yellow perianths and light yellow to orange-red coronas, but little is known regarding the biochemical and molecular basis related to flower color polymorphisms. To investigate the mechanism of color formation, RNA-Seq of flower of two widely cultured cultivars (‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’) with different flower color was performed. A total of 84,463 unigenes were generated from the perianths and coronas. By parallel metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in N. pseudonarcissus. The results showed that the content of carotenoids in the corona was higher than that in the perianth in both cultivars. Accordingly, phytoene synthase (PSY) transcripts have a higher abundance in the coronas than that in perianths. While the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, like GGPPS, PSY, and LCY-e, were not significantly different between two cultivars. In contrast, the carotenoid degradation gene NpCCD4 was highly expressed in white-perianth cultivars, but was hardly detected in yellow-perianth cultivars. Silencing of NpCCD4 resulted in a significant increase in carotenoid accumulation, especially in all-trans-β-carotene. Therefore, we presume that NpCCD4 is a crucial factor that causes the low carotenoid content and color fading phenomenon of ‘Slim Whitman’ by mediating carotenoid turnover. Our findings provide mass RNA-seq data and new insights into carotenoid metabolism in N. pseudonarcissus.
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Carotenoid Presence Is Associated with the Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot. Genetics 2018; 210:1497-1508. [PMID: 30352832 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are among the richest sources of provitamin A carotenes in the human diet, but genetic variation in the carotenoid pathway does not fully explain the high levels of carotenoids in carrot roots. Using a diverse collection of modern and historic domesticated varieties, and wild carrot accessions, an association analysis for orange pigmentation revealed a significant genomic region that contains the Or gene, advancing it as a candidate for carotenoid presence in carrot. Analysis of sequence variation at the Or locus revealed a nonsynonymous mutation cosegregating with carotenoid content. This mutation was absent in all wild carrot samples and nearly fixed in all orange domesticated samples. Or has been found to control carotenoid presence in other crops but has not previously been described in carrot. Our analysis also allowed us to more completely characterize the genetic structure of carrot, showing that the Western domesticated carrot largely forms one genetic group, despite dramatic phenotypic differences among market classes. Eastern domesticated and wild accessions form a second group, which reflects the recent cultivation history of carrots in Central Asia. Other wild accessions form distinct geographic groups, particularly on the Iberian peninsula and in Northern Africa. Using genome-wide Fst , nucleotide diversity, and the cross-population composite likelihood ratio, we analyzed the genome for regions putatively under selection during domestication and identified 12 regions that were significant for all three methods of detection, one of which includes the Or gene. The Or domestication allele appears to have been selected after the initial domestication of yellow carrots in the East, near the proposed center of domestication in Central Asia. The rapid fixation of the Or domestication allele in almost all orange and nonorange carrots in the West may explain why it has not been found with less genetically diverse mapping populations.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Dong B, Fu J, Hu S, Zhao H. Carotenoid Accumulation and Its Contribution to Flower Coloration of Osmanthus fragrans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1499. [PMID: 30459779 PMCID: PMC6232703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among naturally occurring pigments, carotenoids are importantly involved in the photosynthesis of plants and responsible for the coloration of petals and fruits. Osmanthus fragrans Lour., a famous ornamental plant, has many cultivars with different flower color. Petal coloration in O. fragrans mainly depends on the kinds of carotenoids and their contents. To investigate the mechanism of flower coloration in different cultivars, an analysis of phenotypic classification, phytochemistry, as well as the expression of carotenoid metabolism genes based on different groups was performed in the present study. Two main clusters including the orange-red cluster containing Aurantiacus cultivars and the yellowish-white cluster containing the other three cultivar groups were classified using the CIEL∗a∗b∗ system. No significant differences in flavonoid contents were observed between these two clusters. However, carotenoids, especially α-carotene and β-carotene, were found to have crucial roles in the diversity of floral coloration among the different cultivars. Carotenoid compositions in the petals of cultivars from both clusters consisted of α-carotene, β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, but carotenoid accumulation patterns during the flowering process were different. The petals of the yellowish-white cultivars exhibited high contents of β-carotene, lutein and α-carotene, whereas the petals of the orange-red cultivars mainly contained β-carotene and α-carotene. The profound diversity in the total carotenoid concentrations in the two clusters was determined by the transcript levels of OfCCD4. Furthermore, the accumulation of upstream products with orange color in orange-red cultivars was partially due to the low expression of OfCHYB, whereas the relatively higher OfCHYB expression in the petals of the yellowish-white cultivars led to higher proportions of lutein, which is yellow. We also found that downregulation of OfLCYE, which encodes 𝜀-ring cyclase, indicated that the carotenoid flux of most cultivars mainly resulted in more β, β-branched products. Additionally, carotenoid biosynthesis in green tissues and petals was compared, revealing the tissue specificity of carotenoid accumulation in O. fragrans. Therefore, the effects of multiple genes on carotenoid accumulation give rise to the colorful O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Hu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Sereno AB, Bampi M, dos Santos IE, Ferreira SMR, Bertin RL, Krüger CCH. Mineral profile, carotenoids and composition of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), a wild Brazilian fruit. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kaźmińska K, Hallmann E, Rusaczonek A, Korzeniewska A, Sobczak M, Filipczak J, Kuczerski KS, Steciuk J, Sitarek-Andrzejczyk M, Gajewski M, Niemirowicz-Szczytt K, Bartoszewski G. Genetic mapping of ovary colour and quantitative trait loci for carotenoid content in the fruit of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2018; 38:114. [PMID: 30237748 PMCID: PMC6133072 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-018-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high content of carotenoids, sugars, dry matter, vitamins and minerals makes the fruit of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) a valuable fresh-market vegetable and an interesting material for the food industry. Due to their nutritional value, long shelf-life and health protective properties, winter squash fruits have gained increased interest from researchers in recent years. Despite these advantages, the genetic and genomic resources available for C. maxima are still limited. The aim of this study was to use the genetic mapping approach to map the ovary colour locus and to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for high carotenoid content and flesh colour. An F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population was developed and used for evaluations of ovary colour, carotenoid content and fruit flesh colour. SSR markers and DArTseq genotyping-by-sequencing were used to construct an advanced genetic map that consisted of 1824 molecular markers distributed across linkage groups corresponding to 20 chromosomes of C. maxima. Total map length was 2208 cM and the average distance between markers was 1.21 cM. The locus affecting ovary colour was mapped at the end of chromosome 14. The identified QTLs for carotenoid content in the fruit and fruit flesh colour shared locations on chromosomes 2, 4 and 14. QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 4 were the most meaningful. A correlation was clearly confirmed between fruit flesh colour as described by the chroma value and carotenoid content in the fruit. A high-density genetic map of C. maxima with mapped loci for important fruit quality traits is a valuable resource for winter squash improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kaźmińska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Organic Food Division, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Korzeniewska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Filipczak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Seweryn Kuczerski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Present Address: Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Steciuk
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Present Address: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sitarek-Andrzejczyk
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Gajewski
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartoszewski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Ma G, Zhang L, Yungyuen W, Sato Y, Furuya T, Yahata M, Yamawaki K, Kato M. Accumulation of carotenoids in a novel citrus cultivar 'Seinannohikari' during the fruit maturation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:349-356. [PMID: 29936241 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, carotenoid metabolism was investigated in the fruits of a novel citrus cultivar, 'Seinannohikari' (Citrus spp.). During the maturation, β,β-xanthophylls were accumulated rapidly with β-cryptoxanthin being the dominant carotenoid compound in the flavedo and juice sacs of 'Seinannohikari'. In the juice sacs of mature fruits, 'Seinannohikari' accumulated high amount of carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin. The content of β-cryptoxanthin in the juice sacs of 'Seinannohikari' was approximately 2.5 times of that in 'Miyagawa-wase' (Citrus unshiu), which is one of its parental cultivars, at the mature stage. Gene expression results showed that the massive accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin might be attributed to the higher expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb2, CitHYb, and CitZEP), and lower expression of carotenoid catabolic genes (CitNCED2 and CitNCED3) in the juice sacs of 'Seinannohikari'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Lancui Zhang
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Witchulada Yungyuen
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University (Shizuoka University), Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takuma Furuya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masaki Yahata
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamawaki
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masaya Kato
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Ardizzone M, Federici S, Fernandez Dumont A, Gennaro A, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Lanzoni A, Neri FM, Papadopoulou N, Paraskevopoulos K. Assessment of genetically modified maize Bt11 x MIR162 x 1507 x GA21 and three subcombinations independently of their origin, for food and feed uses under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-DE-2010-86). EFSA J 2018; 16:e05309. [PMID: 32625956 PMCID: PMC7009600 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the four-event stack maize Bt11 × MIR162 × 1507 × GA21 and three of its subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel previously assessed the four single events and seven of their combinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events or the seven subcombinations leading to modification of the original conclusions were identified. Based on the molecular, agronomic, phenotypic and compositional characteristics, the combination of the single events in the four-event stack maize did not give rise to food/feed safety issues. Based on the nutritional assessment of the compositional characteristics of maize Bt11 × MIR162 × 1507 × GA21, foods and feeds derived from the genetically modified (GM) maize are expected to have the same nutritional impact as those derived from non-GM maize varieties. In the case of accidental release of viable grains of maize Bt11 × MIR162 × 1507 × GA21 into the environment, this would not raise environmental safety concerns. The GMO Panel concludes that maize Bt11 × MIR162 × 1507 × GA21 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as its non-GM comparator in the context of the scope of this application. For the three subcombinations included in the scope, for which no experimental data were provided, the GMO Panel assessed the likelihood of interactions among the single events and concluded that their combinations would not raise safety concerns. These maize subcombinations are therefore expected to be as safe as the single events, the previously assessed subcombinations and the four-event stack maize. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of maize Bt11 × MIR162 × 1507 × GA21 and its subcombinations. A minority opinion expressed by a GMO Panel member is appended to this opinion.
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225
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Wu M, Kostyun JL, Hahn MW, Moyle LC. Dissecting the basis of novel trait evolution in a radiation with widespread phylogenetic discordance. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3301-3316. [PMID: 29953708 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of trait evolution can provide insight into the evolutionary processes that initiate and drive phenotypic diversification. However, recent phylogenomic studies have revealed extensive gene tree-species tree discordance, which can lead to incorrect inferences of trait evolution if only a single species tree is used for analysis. This phenomenon-dubbed "hemiplasy"-is particularly important to consider during analyses of character evolution in rapidly radiating groups, where discordance is widespread. Here, we generate whole-transcriptome data for a phylogenetic analysis of 14 species in the plant genus Jaltomata (the sister clade to Solanum), which has experienced rapid, recent trait evolution, including in fruit and nectar colour, and flower size and shape. Consistent with other radiations, we find evidence for rampant gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and to introgression events among the well-supported subclades. As both ILS and introgression increase the probability of hemiplasy, we perform several analyses that take discordance into account while identifying genes that might contribute to phenotypic evolution. Despite discordance, the history of fruit colour evolution in Jaltomata can be inferred with high confidence, and we find evidence of de novo adaptive evolution at individual genes associated with fruit colour variation. In contrast, hemiplasy appears to strongly affect inferences about floral character transitions in Jaltomata, and we identify candidate loci that could arise either from multiple lineage-specific substitutions or standing ancestral polymorphisms. Our analysis provides a generalizable example of how to manage discordance when identifying loci associated with trait evolution in a radiating lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Jamie L Kostyun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Leonie C Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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226
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Foliar Application of Copper Nanoparticles Increases the Fruit Quality and the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Tomatoes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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227
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Torres LR, Santana FC, Shinagawa FB, Mancini-Filho J. Bioactive compounds and functional potential of pequi ( Caryocar spp.), a native Brazilian fruit: a review. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2018. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1222172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pequi is an indigenous word that means “thorny covering” and is used to describe fruits from the Caryocar spp. These fruits are widely consumed as food and used in traditional medicine by Brazilians in the savannah (Cerrado biome) and the Amazon region. The fruit is rich in lipids, mainly oleic acid, and other bioactive substances including carotenoids, phenolics, and tocopherols. The oil extracted from the pulp or “almond” (seed) has a high local socioeconomic impact and is associated with nutritional and therapeutic benefits. A wide array of health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial effects, improved cardiac function, as well as an increased lymphocyte-dependent immunity have been attributed to the pequi fruit, especially its pulp. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the edible parts of pequi fruits (pulp and almond), more specifically the oil produced from these parts, as a source of functional compounds with biological activity. Moreover, it considers the differences among the three more commercially-important species from the genus Caryocar.
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228
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D'Ambrosio C, Stigliani AL, Giorio G. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of carotenoid genes in tomato. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:367-378. [PMID: 29797189 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is rapidly spreading as genome editing system in crop breeding. The efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato was tested on Psy1 and CrtR-b2, two key genes of carotenoid biosynthesis. Carotenoids are plant secondary metabolites that must be present in the diet of higher animals because they exert irreplaceable functions in important physiological processes. Psy1 and CrtR-b2 were chosen because their impairment is easily detectable as a change of fruit or flower color. Two CRISPR/Cas9 constructs were designed to target neighboring sequences on the first exon of each gene. Thirty-four out of forty-nine (69%) transformed plants showed the expected loss-of-function phenotypes due to the editing of both alleles of a locus. However, by including the seven plants edited only at one of the two homologs and showing a normal phenotype, the editing rate reaches the 84%. Although none chimeric phenotype was observed, the cloning of target region amplified fragments revealed that in the 40% of analyzed DNA samples were present more than two alleles. As concerning the type of mutation, it was possible to identify 34 new different alleles across the four transformation experiments. The sequence characterization of the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations showed that the most frequent repair errors were the insertion and the deletion of one base. The results of this study prove that the CRISPRCas9 system can be an efficient and quick method for the generation of useful mutations in tomato to be implemented in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina D'Ambrosio
- Metapontum Agrobios Research Centre, Agenzia Lucana per lo Sviluppo e l'Innovazione in Agricoltura, SS Jonica 106, km 448.2, 75012, Metaponto, Italy.
| | - Adriana Lucia Stigliani
- Metapontum Agrobios Research Centre, Agenzia Lucana per lo Sviluppo e l'Innovazione in Agricoltura, SS Jonica 106, km 448.2, 75012, Metaponto, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giorio
- Metapontum Agrobios Research Centre, Agenzia Lucana per lo Sviluppo e l'Innovazione in Agricoltura, SS Jonica 106, km 448.2, 75012, Metaponto, Italy
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229
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Ma J, Li J, Xu Z, Wang F, Xiong A. Transcriptome profiling of genes involving in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation between leaf and root of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:481-490. [PMID: 29617714 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot provides abundant carotenoid for human diet and is one of the most widely cultivated root vegetables in the world. However, the absence of the tissue-specific transcriptome of carrots hampers the investigation of the association of secondary metabolic mechanism with the different tissue types. In this study, we obtained 46,119,008/48,414,508 raw reads and 45,394,846/47,887,648 clean reads from the carrot leaf and root, respectively. Moreover, α- and β-carotene were found to accumulate in both tissues. Then, using Trinity assembly into contigs and mapped back to contigs, these reads were assembled to 56,267 and 62,427 leaf and root unigenes, respectively, after Ns removal and paired-end extension. In addition, a total of 18,354 DEGs were found between the carrot leaf and root unigenes, and 99 of these DEGs were found to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis as revealed by integrated function annotation. In the carotenoid pathway DEGs, DcPSY1, DcZ-ISO, DcCISO2, DcLBCY, DcLECY, DcZEP1, DcZEP2, DcVDE1, DcVDE2, DcNSY1, DcNSY2, DcA8H-CYP707A1.2, DcAAO3a, DcCCD4, and DcMAX1 were expressed dramatically in the carrot leaf compared with in the root. This result was consistent with the results from the quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DEG expression profiles. Moreover, 67 more carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes were found in this transcriptome database. Most of these DEGs were up-regulated in the carrot leaf compared with those in the root. The expression of DEGs may be related to the higher carotenoid pathway flux in the carrot leaf than in the root. These results will help to further understand the carotenoid biosynthesis in carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Lu S, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Yang W, Ye J, Chai L, Xu Q, Deng X. The Citrus Transcription Factor CsMADS6 Modulates Carotenoid Metabolism by Directly Regulating Carotenogenic Genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2657-2676. [PMID: 29463773 PMCID: PMC5884614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although remarkable progress has been made toward understanding carotenoid biosynthesis, the mechanisms that regulate the transcription of carotenogenic genes remain poorly understood. Lycopene β-cyclases (LCYb) are critical enzymes located at the branch point of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Here, we used the promoter sequence of LCYb1 as bait in a yeast one-hybrid screen for promoter-binding proteins from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). This screen identified a MADS transcription factor, CsMADS6, that was coordinately expressed with fruit development and coloration. Acting as a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, CsMADS6 directly bound the promoter of LCYb1 and activated its expression. Overexpression of CsMADS6 in citrus calli increased carotenoid contents and induced the expression of LCYb1 and other carotenogenic genes, including phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 (CCD1). CsMADS6 up-regulated the expression of PSY, PDS, and CCD1 by directly binding to their promoters, which suggested the multitargeted regulation of carotenoid metabolism by CsMADS6. In addition, the ectopic expression of CsMADS6 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) affected carotenoid contents and the expression of carotenogenic genes. The sepals of CsMADS6-overexpressing tomato lines exhibited dramatic changes in carotenoid profiles, accompanied by changes in plastid ultrastructure. Global transcriptome analysis of transgenic sepals revealed that CsMADS6 regulates a series of pathways that promote increases in flux through the carotenoid pathway. Overall, these findings establish that CsMADS6 directly regulates LCYb1 and other carotenogenic genes to coordinately and positively modulate carotenoid metabolism in plants, which may provide strategies to improve the nutritional quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
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231
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Dhami N, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI. Leaf-age dependent response of carotenoid accumulation to elevated CO 2 in Arabidopsis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:67-75. [PMID: 29604257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids contribute to photosynthesis, photoprotection, phytohormone and apocarotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Carotenoid-derived metabolites control plant growth, development and signalling processes and their accumulation can depend upon changes in the environment. Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) often enhances carbon assimilation, early growth patterns and overall plant biomass, and may increase carotenoid accumulation due to higher levels of precursors from isoprenoid biosynthesis. Variable effects of eCO2 on carotenoid accumulation in leaves have been observed for different plant species. Here, we determined whether the variable response of carotenoids to eCO2 was potentially a function of leaf age and the impact of eCO2 on leaf development by growing Arabidopsis in ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and eCO2 (800 ppm). eCO2 increased plant leaf number, rosette area, biomass, seed yield and net photosynthesis. In addition, eCO2 increased carotenoid content by 10-20% in younger emerging leaves, but not in older mature leaves. Older leaves contained approximately 60% less total carotenoids compared to younger leaves. The age-dependent effect on carotenoid content was observed for cotyledon, juvenile and adult phase leaves. We conclude that younger leaves utilize additional carbon from enhanced photosynthesis in eCO2 to increase carotenoid content, yet older leaves have less capacity to store additional carbon into carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namraj Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.
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232
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Cerletti M, Paggi R, Troetschel C, Ferrari MC, Guevara CR, Albaum S, Poetsch A, De Castro R. LonB Protease Is a Novel Regulator of Carotenogenesis Controlling Degradation of Phytoene Synthase in Haloferax volcanii. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1158-1171. [PMID: 29411617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protease LonB is an essential protein in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii and globally impacts its physiology. However, natural substrates of the archaeal Lon protease have not been identified. The whole proteome turnover was examined in a H. volcanii LonB mutant under reduced and physiological protease levels. LC-MS/MS combined with stable isotope labeling was applied for the identification/quantitation of membrane and cytoplasm proteins. Differential synthesis and degradation rates were evidenced for 414 proteins in response to Lon expression. A total of 58 proteins involved in diverse cellular processes showed a degradation pattern (none/very little degradation in the absence of Lon and increased degradation in the presence of Lon) consistent with a LonB substrate, which was further substantiated for several of these candidates by pull-down assays. The most notable was phytoene synthase (PSY), the rate-limiting enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis. The rapid degradation of PSY upon LonB induction in addition to the remarkable stabilization of this protein and hyperpigmentation phenotype in the Lon mutant strongly suggest that PSY is a LonB substrate. This work identifies for the first time candidate targets of the archaeal Lon protease and establishes proteolysis by Lon as a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism of carotenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Cerletti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Funes 3250 4to nivel, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Roberto Paggi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Funes 3250 4to nivel, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | | | - María Celeste Ferrari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Funes 3250 4to nivel, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | | | - Stefan Albaum
- Bioinformatics Resource Facility, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , 44801 Bochum, Germany.,School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University , Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana De Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Funes 3250 4to nivel, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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233
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Transcriptome analysis in tissue sectors with contrasting crocins accumulation provides novel insights into apocarotenoid biosynthesis and regulation during chromoplast biogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2843. [PMID: 29434251 PMCID: PMC5809551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocins, the red soluble apocarotenoids of saffron, accumulate in the flowers of Crocus species in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. In Crocus sieberi, crocins accumulate in stigmas but also in a distinct yellow tepal sector, which we demonstrate contains chromoplast converted from amyloplasts. Secondary metabolites were analysed by LC-DAD-HRMS, revealing the progressive accumulation of crocetin and crocins in the yellow sector, which were also localized in situ by Raman microspectroscopy. To understand the underlying mechanisms of crocin biosynthesis, we sequenced the C. sieberi tepal transcriptome of two differentially pigmented sectors (yellow and white) at two developmental stages (6 and 8) by Illumina sequencing. A total of 154 million high-quality reads were generated and assembled into 248,099 transcripts. Differentially expressed gene analysis resulted in the identification of several potential candidate genes involved in crocin metabolism and regulation. The results provide a first profile of the molecular events related to the dynamics of crocetin and crocin accumulation during tepal development, and present new information concerning apocarotenoid biosynthesis regulators and their accumulation in Crocus. Further, reveals genes that were previously unknown to affect crocin formation, which could be used to improve crocin accumulation in Crocus plants and the commercial quality of saffron spice.
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234
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Manganaris GA, Goulas V, Mellidou I, Drogoudi P. Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Fresh Produce: Exploitation of Genotype Variation and Advancements in Analytical Protocols. Front Chem 2018; 5:95. [PMID: 29468146 PMCID: PMC5807909 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Horticultural commodities (fruit and vegetables) are the major dietary source of several bioactive compounds of high nutraceutical value for humans, including polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins. The aim of the current review was dual. Firstly, toward the eventual enhancement of horticultural crops with bio-functional compounds, the natural genetic variation in antioxidants found in different species and cultivars/genotypes is underlined. Notably, some landraces and/or traditional cultivars have been characterized by substantially higher phytochemical content, i.e., small tomato of Santorini island (cv. "Tomataki Santorinis") possesses appreciably high amounts of ascorbic acid (AsA). The systematic screening of key bioactive compounds in a wide range of germplasm for the identification of promising genotypes and the restoration of key gene fractions from wild species and landraces may help in reducing the loss of agro-biodiversity, creating a healthier "gene pool" as the basis of future adaptation. Toward this direction, large scale comparative studies in different cultivars/genotypes of a given species provide useful insights about the ones of higher nutritional value. Secondly, the advancements in the employment of analytical techniques to determine the antioxidant potential through a convenient, easy and fast way are outlined. Such analytical techniques include electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrochemical, and chemometric methods, flow injection analysis (FIA), optical sensors, and high resolution screening (HRS). Taking into consideration that fruits and vegetables are complex mixtures of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, the exploitation of chemometrics to develop "omics" platforms (i.e., metabolomics, foodomics) is a promising tool for researchers to decode and/or predict antioxidant activity of fresh produce. For industry, the use of optical sensors and IR spectroscopy is recommended to estimate the antioxidant activity rapidly and at low cost, although legislation does not allow its correlation with health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlina Drogoudi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Naoussa, Greece
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235
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De novo transcriptome analysis of Rhododendron molle G. Don flowers by Illumina sequencing. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:591-601. [PMID: 29892944 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhododendron molle G. Don occupies an important phylogenetic node in the genus rhododendron with unique yellow flower and medicinal functions. However, only limited genetic resources and their genome information are available for the generation of rhododendron flowers. The next generation sequencing technologies enables generation of genomic resources in a short time and at a minimal cost, and therefore provide a turning point for rhododendron research. Our goal is to use the genetic information to facilitate the relevant research on flowering and flower color formation in R. molle. In total, 66,026 unigenes were identified, among which 31,298 were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database and 22,410 were annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. Of these annotated unigenes, 9490 and 18,680 unigenes were assigned to clusters of orthologous groups and gene ontology categories, respectively. A total of 7177 genes were mapped to 118 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database. In addition, 8266 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, and these SSRs will undoubtedly benefit rhododendron breeding work. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that 32 unigenes were predicted to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Our transcriptome revealed 32 engines that encode key enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, including PSY, PDS, LCYB, LCYE, etc. The content of β-carotene was much higher than the other carotenoids throughout the flower development. It was consistent with the key genes expression level in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway by the Illumina expression profile analysis and the qRT-PCR analysis. Our study identified genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis in R. molle and provides a valuable resource for understanding the flowering and flower color formation mechanisms in R. molle.
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236
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Welsch R, Zhou X, Yuan H, Álvarez D, Sun T, Schlossarek D, Yang Y, Shen G, Zhang H, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Clp Protease and OR Directly Control the Proteostasis of Phytoene Synthase, the Crucial Enzyme for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:149-162. [PMID: 29155321 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the crucial plastidial enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. However, its post-translational regulation remains elusive. Likewise, Clp protease constitutes a central part of the plastid protease network, but its substrates for degradation are not well known. In this study, we report that PSY is a substrate of the Clp protease. PSY was uncovered to physically interact with various Clp protease subunits (i.e., ClpS1, ClpC1, and ClpD). High levels of PSY and several other carotenogenic enzyme proteins overaccumulate in the clpc1, clpp4, and clpr1-2 mutants. The overaccumulated PSY was found to be partially enzymatically active. Impairment of Clp activity in clpc1 results in a reduced rate of PSY protein turnover, further supporting the role of Clp protease in degrading PSY protein. On the other hand, the ORANGE (OR) protein, a major post-translational regulator of PSY with holdase chaperone activity, enhances PSY protein stability and increases the enzymatically active proportion of PSY in clpc1, counterbalancing Clp-mediated proteolysis in maintaining PSY protein homeostasis. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the quality control of plastid-localized proteins and establish a hitherto unidentified post-translational regulatory mechanism of carotenogenic enzymes in modulating carotenoid biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Welsch
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology II, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology II, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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237
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Sun T, Yuan H, Cao H, Yazdani M, Tadmor Y, Li L. Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants: The Role of Plastids. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:58-74. [PMID: 28958604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable to plants and critical in human diets. Plastids are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage in plant cells. They exist in various types, which include proplastids, etioplasts, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts. These plastids have dramatic differences in their capacity to synthesize and sequester carotenoids. Clearly, plastids play a central role in governing carotenogenic activity, carotenoid stability, and pigment diversity. Understanding of carotenoid metabolism and accumulation in various plastids expands our view on the multifaceted regulation of carotenogenesis and facilitates our efforts toward developing nutrient-enriched food crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of various types of plastids on carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory control of carotenogenesis and metabolic engineering of carotenoids in light of plastid types in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongbo Cao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Mohammad Yazdani
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Israeli Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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238
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Sankari M, Rao PR, Hemachandran H, Pullela PK, Doss C GP, Tayubi IA, Subramanian B, Gothandam KM, Singh P, Ramamoorthy S. Prospects and progress in the production of valuable carotenoids: Insights from metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and computational approaches. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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239
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Ma Q, Li H, Zou Z, Arkorful E, Lv Q, Zhou Q, Chen X, Sun K, Li X. Transcriptomic analyses identify albino-associated genes of a novel albino tea germplasm 'Huabai 1'. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:54. [PMID: 30302258 PMCID: PMC6165850 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Albinism in shoots of tea plants is a common phenotypic expression which gives the tea infusion a pleasant umami taste. A novel natural albino mutant tea germplasm containing high amino acids content was found and named as 'Huabai 1'. 'Huabai 1' has white jade tender shoots under low temperature and turns green with increased temperature. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of color change in leaf of 'Huabai 1', transcriptome analysis was performed to identify albino-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 483 DEGs were identified from white shoots of 'Huabai 1' compared to its green shoots. There were 15 DEGs identified to be involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which account for the majority of characterized DEGs. The metabolites related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis revealed similar expression pattern of DEGs. Furthermore, metabolic pathways such as ubiquonone, tyrosine, and flavonoid biosynthesis associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis could also contribute to the color change in 'Huabai 1' tender shoots. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a hub protein NEDD8 (CSA009575) which interacted with many regulated genes in spliceosome, nitrogen metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and other pathways. In conclusion, the findings in this study indicate that the color change of 'Huabai 1' tender shoots is a combined effect of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and other metabolic pathways including flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plants. Chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes LHCII and SGR may also play some roles in color change of 'Huabai 1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Emmanuel Arkorful
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Qianru Lv
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, 210095 Nanjing, China
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240
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Shen J, Zou Z, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wang Y, Fang W, Zhu X. Metabolic analyses reveal different mechanisms of leaf color change in two purple-leaf tea plant ( Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:7. [PMID: 29423237 PMCID: PMC5802758 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-017-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Purple-leaf tea plants, as anthocyanin-rich cultivars, are valuable materials for manufacturing teas with unique colors or flavors. In this study, a new purple-leaf cultivar "Zixin" ("ZX") was examined, and its biochemical variation and mechanism of leaf color change were elucidated. The metabolomes of leaves of "ZX" at completely purple, intermediately purple, and completely green stages were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway remained at high levels in purple leaves, whereas intermediates of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis exhibited high levels in green leaves. In addition, fatty acid metabolism was more active in purple leaves, and steroids maintained higher levels in green leaves. Saponin, alcohol, organic acid, and terpenoid-related metabolites also changed significantly during the leaf color change process. Furthermore, the substance changes between "ZX" and "Zijuan" (a thoroughly studied purple-leaf cultivar) were also compared. The leaf color change in "Zijuan" was mainly caused by a decrease in flavonoids/anthocyanins. However, a decrease in flavonoids/anthocyanins, an enhancement of porphyrin, chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, and steroids, and a decrease in fatty acids synergistically caused the leaf color change in "ZX". These findings will facilitate comprehensive research on the regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change in purple-leaf tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Shen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Xuzhou Zhang
- Bureau of Rural Economic Development of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shangdong 266400 China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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241
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Li WX, Yang SB, Lu Z, He ZC, Ye YL, Zhao BB, Wang L, Jin B. Cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses of golden leaf coloration in Ginkgo biloba L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:12. [PMID: 29507736 PMCID: PMC5830439 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is grown worldwide as an ornamental plant for its golden leaf color. However, the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in G. biloba remains unclear. Here, we compared G. biloba gold-colored mutant leaves and normal green leaves in cytological, physiological and transcriptomic terms. We found that chloroplasts of the mutant were fewer and smaller, and exhibited ruptured thylakoid membranes, indistinct stromal lamellae and irregularly arranged vesicles. Physiological experiments also showed that the mutant had a lower chlorophyll, lower flavonoid and higher carotenoid contents (especially lutein). We further used transcriptomic sequencing to identify 116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 46 transcription factors (TFs) involved in chloroplast development, chlorophyll metabolism, pigment biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Among these, the chlorophyll biosynthesis-related PPO showed down-regulation, while chlorophyll degradation-related NYC/NOL had up-regulated expression in mutant leaves. Z-ISO, ZDS, and LCYE, which are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were up-regulated. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) further confirmed the altered expression levels of these genes at three stages. The alteration of PPO and NYC/NOL gene expression might affect chlorophyll biosynthesis and promote degradation of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a, while the up-regulated genes Z-ISO, ZDS and LCYE enhanced carotenoid accumulation. Consequently, changes in the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophylls were the main factors driving the golden leaf coloration in the mutant G. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-xing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Shun-bo Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Zhaogeng Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Zhi-chong He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yun-ling Ye
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Bei-bei Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet, 860000 China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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242
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Cáez-Ramírez G, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Gutiérrez-López GF. Morphometric analysis and tissue structural continuity evaluation of senescence progression in fresh cut papaya ( Carica papaya L.). J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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243
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Okitsu N, Noda N, Chandler S, Tanaka Y. Flower Color and Its Engineering by Genetic Modification. HANDBOOK OF PLANT BREEDING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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244
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Watanabe K, Oda-Yamamizo C, Sage-Ono K, Ohmiya A, Ono M. Overexpression of carotenogenic genes in the Japanese morning glory Ipomoea ( Pharbitis) nil. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2017; 34:177-185. [PMID: 31275025 PMCID: PMC6543692 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.17.1016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Japanese morning glory, Ipomoea nil, has several coloured flowers except yellow, because it can accumulate only trace amounts of carotenoids in the petal. To make the petal yellow with carotenoids, we introduced five carotenogenic genes (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene β-cyclase and β-ring hydroxylase from Ipomoea obscura var. lutea and bacterial phytoene desaturase from Pantoea ananatis) to white-flowered I. nil cv. AK77 with a petal-specific promoter by Rhizobium (Agrobacterium)-mediated transformation method. We succeeded to produce transgenic plants overexpressing carotenogenic genes. In the petal of the transgenic plants, mRNA levels of the carotenogenic genes were 10 to 1,000 times higher than those of non-transgenic control. The petal colour did not change visually; however, carotenoid concentration in the petal was increased up to about ten-fold relative to non-transgenic control. Moreover, the components of carotenoids in the petal were diversified, in particular, several β-carotene derivatives, such as zeaxanthin and neoxanthin, were newly synthesized. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of changing the component and increasing the amount of carotenoid in petals that lack ability to biosynthesize carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chihiro Oda-Yamamizo
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-0852, Japan
| | - Kimiyo Sage-Ono
- Gene Research Center, Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Akemi Ohmiya
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-0852, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Ono
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Gene Research Center, Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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245
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Shimizu T, Tanizawa Y, Mochizuki T, Nagasaki H, Yoshioka T, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Kaminuma E, Nakamura Y. Draft Sequencing of the Heterozygous Diploid Genome of Satsuma ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) Using a Hybrid Assembly Approach. Front Genet 2017; 8:180. [PMID: 29259619 PMCID: PMC5723288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is one of the most abundantly produced mandarin varieties of citrus, known for its seedless fruit production and as a breeding parent of citrus. De novo assembly of the heterozygous diploid genome of Satsuma ("Miyagawa Wase") was conducted by a hybrid assembly approach using short-read sequences, three mate-pair libraries, and a long-read sequence of PacBio by the PLATANUS assembler. The assembled sequence, with a total size of 359.7 Mb at the N50 length of 386,404 bp, consisted of 20,876 scaffolds. Pseudomolecules of Satsuma constructed by aligning the scaffolds to three genetic maps showed genome-wide synteny to the genomes of Clementine, pummelo, and sweet orange. Gene prediction by modeling with MAKER-P proposed 29,024 genes and 37,970 mRNA; additionally, gene prediction analysis found candidates for novel genes in several biosynthesis pathways for gibberellin and violaxanthin catabolism. BUSCO scores for the assembled scaffold and predicted transcripts, and another analysis by BAC end sequence mapping indicated the assembled genome consistency was close to those of the haploid Clementine, pummel, and sweet orange genomes. The number of repeat elements and long terminal repeat retrotransposon were comparable to those of the seven citrus genomes; this suggested no significant failure in the assembly at the repeat region. A resequencing application using the assembled sequence confirmed that both kunenbo-A and Satsuma are offsprings of Kishu, and Satsuma is a back-crossed offspring of Kishu. These results illustrated the performance of the hybrid assembly approach and its ability to construct an accurate heterozygous diploid genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokurou Shimizu
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shimizu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takako Mochizuki
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hideki Nagasaki
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Terutaka Yoshioka
- Division of Citrus Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shimizu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Eli Kaminuma
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakamura
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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246
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Dhandapani R, Singh VP, Arora A, Bhattacharya RC, Rajendran A. Differential accumulation of β-carotene and tissue specific expression of phytoene synthase ( MaPsy) gene in banana ( Musa sp) cultivars. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:4416-4426. [PMID: 29184248 PMCID: PMC5686022 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted with twelve major Indian banana cultivars to investigate the molecular relationship between the differential accumulation of β-carotene in peel and pulp of the banana fruit and carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes. The high performance liquid chromatography showed that all banana cultivars accumulated two-three fold more β-carotene in non-edible portion of the banana fruit. However, Nendran, a famous orange fleshed cultivar of South India, had high β-carotene content (1362 µg/100 g) in edible pulp. The gene encoding Musa accuminata phytoene synthase (MaPsy) was successfully amplified using a pair of degenerate primers designed from Oncidium orchid. The deduced amino acid sequences shared a high level of identity to phytoene synthase gene from other plants. Gene expression analysis confirmed the presence of two isoforms (MaPsy1 and MaPsy2) of MaPsy gene in banana fruits. Presence of two isoforms of MaPsy gene in peel and one in pulp confirmed the differential accumulation of β-carotene in banana fruits. However, Nendran accumulated more β-carotene in edible pulp due to presence of both the isoforms of MaPsy gene. Thus, carotenoid accumulation is a tissue specific process strongly dependent on differential expression pattern of two isoforms of MaPsy gene in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dhandapani
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. P. Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ambika Rajendran
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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247
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Fu CC, Han YC, Kuang JF, Chen JY, Lu WJ. Papaya CpEIN3a and CpNAC2 Co-operatively Regulate Carotenoid Biosynthesis-Related Genes CpPDS2/4, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b During Fruit Ripening. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2155-2165. [PMID: 29040739 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Papaya is an important tropical fruit with a rich source of carotenoids. The ripening of papaya is a physiological and metabolic process with remarkable changes including accumulation of carotenoids, which depends primarily on the action of ethylene. Ethylene response is mediated by a transcriptional cascade involving the transcription factor families of EIN3/EILs and ERFs. Although ERF members have been reported to control carotenoid production in Arabidopsis and tomato, whether EIN3/EILs are also involved in carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening remains unclear. In this work, two EIN3 genes from papaya fruit, namely CpEIN3a and CpEIN3b, were studied, of which CpEIN3a was increased during fruit ripening, concomitant with the increase of transcripts of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes including CpPDS2/4, CpZDS, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b, and carotenoid content. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and transient expression analyses revealed that CpEIN3a was able to bind to the promoters of CpPDS4 and CpCHY-b, and promoted their transcription. Protein-protein interaction assays indicated that CpEIN3a physically interacted with another transcription factor CpNAC2, which acted as a transcriptional activator of CpPDS2/4, CpZDS, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b by directly binding to their promoters. More importantly, the transcriptional activation abilities of CpPDS2/4, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b were more pronounced following their interaction. Collectively, our findings suggest that CpEIN3a interacts with CpNAC2 and, individually or co-operatively, activates the transcription of a subset of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes, providing new insights into the regulatory networks of carotenoid biosynthesis during papaya fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chun Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Han
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of China Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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248
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Lei C, Hao R, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Wang Q, Li J. Molecular cloning and characterisation of scavenger receptor class B in pearl oyster Pinctada fuctada martensii. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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249
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Spiezio C, Leonardi C, Regaiolli B. Assessing colour preference in Aldabra giant tortoises (Geochelone gigantea). Behav Processes 2017; 145:60-64. [PMID: 29031945 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tortoises perceive different colours and rely on the visual system to find food. However, few studies have considered colour preference in tortoises, especially in land species. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Aldabra giant tortoises (Geochelone gigantea) housed in Parco Natura Viva (VR), an Italian zoological garden, show a specific colour preference in their social context. The study was divided into two different periods in which red and yellow balls of the same size were scattered around in the outdoor enclosure. In the first period, pieces of carrots were placed behind each ball whereas in the second period, carrots were replaced with apples. Data on the frequencies of interaction with red and yellow balls were collected. First, tortoises interacted more with the balls when pieces of apples rather than carrots were hidden behind them. No significant group-level colour preference was found; however, individual-level variation in colour preference was reported. In addition, tortoises interacted significantly more with the yellow balls in the second than in the first period. Food typology seems therefore to play an important role in determining colour preference in chelonians. Research aimed at identifying individual differences in animal preferences might be valuable to improve captive animal husbandry (e.g.: development of enrichment programmes, diets and rewards).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Spiezio
- Research & Conservation Department, Parco Natura Viva - Garda Zoological Park srl, Località Figara 40, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy.
| | - Carola Leonardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Barbara Regaiolli
- Research & Conservation Department, Parco Natura Viva - Garda Zoological Park srl, Località Figara 40, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy.
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250
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Ma J, Xu Z, Tan G, Wang F, Xiong A. Distinct transcription profile of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis among six different color carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:817-826. [PMID: 28910981 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid, a group of lipophilic molecules, is widely distributed in nature, and is important for plant photosynthesis and photoprotection. In carrot taproot, different types of dominant carotenoid accumulation lead to yellow, orange, and red colors. In this study, six different carrot cultivars were used to simultaneously analyze carotenoid contents by high performance liquid chromatography. The expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis of carrot were also detected by real-time quantitative PCR. It was found that genes involved in xanthophyll formation were expressed at high levels in yellow carrot cultivars. However, these genes were expressed at low levels in orange carrot cultivars. The contents of α- and β-carotene accounted for a large proportion in total carotenoid contents in orange carrot cultivars. These results indicate that α-carotene accumulation and xanthophyll formation may be related to the expression levels of carotene hydroxylase genes in carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guofei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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